July 1988 LoAR

JULY XXIII (1988)

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE APPROVED:

SOCIETY FOR CREATIVE ANACHRONISM

Port. Designation only. This is a designation for subsidiary official groups. The Steward has indicated it is designed specifically for use in a military context.

Stronghold. Designation only. This is a designation for subsidiary official groups. The Steward has indicated it is designed specifically for use in a military context.

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

Alaric Liutpold von Steinman. Change of name from Alaric Liutpold. Although this was not mentioned on the letter of intent, his mundane surname is "von Steinman".

Amos MacAlpin. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Badge for the Order of the White Scarf. Sable, on a pale argent between two rapiers, guards to center, proper, in chief a mullet of five greater and five lesser points sable.

Aonghas Galloglach Domnhnullach. Change of name from Robert the Archer's Son and change of device. Azure, a bend sinister vairy of one trait sable and Or between a flintlock pistol bendwise sinister, barrel to base, and in base a sword bendwise sinister inverted and a sword bendwise sinister, both proper. The pistol is period (just. . .). As is his prerogative, the submittor wishes his previous device to become a badge ("Vert, a bend sinister gros vairy of one trait bendwise Or and sable between a longbow with arrow fully drawn and in pale two swords bendwise sinister, the upper inverted, proper.").

Barnabas Greycloak of Winterwood. Name only.

Desirée of Falconham. Name and device. Per chevron Or and vert, a chevron pean between a falcon's head, erased and sinister facing, vert and a stump eradicated Or. Please ask the submittor to draw the ermine tails on the chevron larger and more identifiably (those on the emblazon sheet bore more than a passing resemblance to polka dots!).

Edward d'Orleans. Change of device. Per pale dovetailed azure and Or, a lion rampant argent and three Maltese crosses patoncy, two and one, azure. Yes, this feels like impaling. Yes, it is legal under the current rules. His current device becomes a badge ("Per fess azure and Or, in chief a lion rampant argent and in base three Maltese crosses azure.")

Geoffrey of Mara. Name and device. Per bend argent and lozengy vert and argent, in sinister chief a quaking aspen tree couped vert.

Gunhilda Adeleva Amberstar. Name only.

Henri Garther. Name only.

Ignatius Phillip Santiago. Name only.

Namron, Barony of. Transfer of badge from Bjorn Magnusson Esping. Or, in pale a man statant affronty, vested of a Norman helm, bearing a double-bitted battleaxe bendwise and a kite shield, and in base two bars wavy gules.

Pepin Moroni. Name only.

Teresa von Asselen. Name only. The name was submitted as Treschen von Asselen, this seems to be a diminutive form and may well be out of period as well (the name Theresa was not popular outside the Iberian peninsula until the sixteenth century). To register the name we have substituted the radical form of the given name.

Thorgard the Black. Device (see RETURNS for change of name). Gules, a longship, oars in action, argent and a chief embattled counter-ermine. The submission was made under the name Thorvald ins Svarta. Please ask him to draw the oars properly in action: any oarsman would recognize the position of the oars here as that which results when the coxswain cries "Easy all!".

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Aaron Brandson. Name and device. Quarterly azure and argent, a sword bendwise argent, surmounted by a compass star Or, between two roses azure, barbed and seeded proper, all within a bordure embattled counterchanged. Crescent is correct in noting that this pushes the very outer limits of acceptable complexity. It would be vastly improved by the removal of either or both of the central charges.

Agnes of Oslo. Name only.

An Tir, Crown Prince of. Device. Chequy gules and argent, a lion queue-fourchy couchant to sinister, sable, gorged of a coronet argent, within a bordure sable. Note that the field was incorrectly blazoned as quarterly on the letter of intent, but was correctly depicted on the miniature emblazon and the commentors apparently all caught the error and checked for conflict on the basis of the correct device so we felt no need to pend this.

An Tir, Crown Princess of. Device. Chequy gules and argent, a lion queue-fourchy couchant sable, gorged of a wreath of roses and hearts argent, within a bordure sable. As with the device for the Crown Prince, the field was incorrectly blazoned on the letter of intent. However, it seems unfair to pend the submission since the commentors generally caught the error.

Berthold von Matsch. Name and device. Per fess indented gules and sable, in pale a comet fesswise and a griffin passant Or.

Brenna the Disinherited. Device. Bendy sinister of four vert, argent, purpure and argent.

Dublin O'Guinn Silverwolf. Change of name from Duban O'Guinn Silverwolf. The appeal from the previous returns of this name has several aspects. In the last return (November, 1987), it was noted that the examples of surnames used as given names which had been used as analogues were all names which were commonly recognized in modern usage as given names (e.g., Gordon or Leslie). It was noted that Dublin not only does not seem to have been a given name in period, it does not seem to have been a surname and does not appear as such in any of the standard sources. A proposed analog to gauge the effect was suggested in the substitution of Berlin, Copenhagen, etc. for the proposed given name. In the appeal Æstel stated that Irish name formations "do not tend towards locative or toponymic surnames". (Interestingly enough, this statement is disputed by one of the Xeroxes provided with the submission which specifies two of the most common forms of cognomina as being suffixed substantives denoting place of birth or residence or a noun in the genitive with the same meaning.) He also argues that the fact that the name appears as a surname four times in the Seattle telephone directory and that this should "give it the benefit of the doubt" because of prior Laurel rulings. He also indicates a belief that the proper interpretation of the current name rules guarantees that a person should always be allowed to use his or her mundane name if it is a "recognized name" and that since Dublin is a recognized surname and place name it is therefore necessary that it be accepted. He further argues that apparently "modern" names were used in period so the effect of the name would not be disruptive and that the examples given in the Laurel letter of return as analogues are invalid because "they are not of the same language group". In the attached Xeroxes and in a parallel letter from a consulting herald in An Tir, the argument is further made that since dithematic names beginning in "dubh" are common in Irish, this name should be considered "compatible". Further, it is argued that, if this is not accepted, the name should be acceptable as an Anglo-Norman diminutive form in "-lin" from the Irish "Dubh". Unfortunately, none of these arguments are actually valid. The Laurel precedents appealed to by Æstel date to 1980 and 1981 and have been specifically superseded by later precedents and the rules which have limited the absolute right to have one's mundane name. On several occasions the mere existence of a name in a telephone book has been cited as insufficient proof for its acceptability. The current rules specifically indicate that the intent of the mundane name allowance is to allow the use of mundane names which are now commonly accepted given names, but were not in period: "Many names used as given names today were surnames in period (e.g., Bruce). This rule is primarily to allow participants to register their mundane given name, if they wish the convenience, even though those names were surnames in medieval times." (NR12). This being so, it would be a violation of the "spirit of the law" not adherence to it, to consider that any recognized name, given name, surname, place name, etc. must be registered if a single individual uses it today, even if it is not in fact recognized as a given name in the modern era. As to the validity of the analogues used in the return, the forms of the place names used were all anglicized to fit with the byname "Silverwolf": Dublin Silverwolf, Berlin Silverwolf and Copenhagen Silverwolf are all more or less valid linguistically (actually, if you wish to get technical the latter two are more consistent linguistically since all the components are Germanic in origin!). Whether the overall effect of the "given name" is intrusively modern is admittedly a judgement call: on either side some element of the subjective must be present. Those who have been familiar with the gentle for years find it not at all unusual; those who meet the name for the first time may find it startling. The determination that the name was excessively modern was based on "test exposure" to a fairly large sampling of gentles in the street (i.e., those not members of the College of Arms) who uniformly had problems with the name. At each resubmission of this name there has been increased support in the College of Arms. Regrettably, a large part of this appears to be based less on the validity of the arguments presented than the realization that the submittor and his consulting heralds consider the original decision of Laurel and the College to be arbitrary and would continue to appeal the submission until it passed. There has been a growing feeling amongst some that the public relations cost of continued adherence to principle may be too high particularly when there is a general assumption that, whatever form of the name is eventually registered, the submittor will continue to use the disallowed form of the name. (Laurel personally feels that this does an injustice to the submittor.) On the basis of the arguments presented alone, the name would have to be returned. However, led by an allusion to some parallel family names in MacLysaght contained in the letter of intent, a member of the Laurel staff has discovered the apparent existence of a period Irish given name "Dubhlan", which gives rise to the modern anglicized forms "Dolan" and "Doolan". The dropping of the "h" is not a problem here since "dub" was the standard Old Irish spelling for the adjective "black". The use of the "i" here is more problematic linguistically since the "a" and "i" are not normally interchangeable in this position in Irish (one is a "broad vowel" and the other is "slender"). However, since the name has been placed in an anglicized context and is his mundane name, we felt some latitude could be granted on this technical point. . .

Duncan Ramsay. Name and device. Quarterly gules and vert, an astrolabe within an orle wavy Or. By tradition, internal wreathing of one colour such as that which indicates the "rope" here are not blazoned because they are considered ornament and do not contribute to difference.

Elizabeth Dougall. Name only.

Erika Francesca Pacchioni. Device. Vert, a bend sinister argent, ermined gules, between two sea-lions erect and sinister facing, that in chief maintaining an arrow inverted, that in base maintaining an ankh, argent. Having the two beasties maintaining different objects is poor style. As the objects maintained here did not contribute to difference and clearly have significance to the submittor, we have retained them in the blazon, but the device is in effect "a bend sinister between two sea-lions".

Fern as a'Ghlinne na Raineaiche. Name and device. Azure, a fern bendwise sinister and a gore sinister argent. The name was submitted as Fern a'Glenraineach. As requested by Æstel, we have modified the byname to mean from the Valley of the Fern in Gaelic. Note that her mundane name is Fern.

Garick Köpke. Device. Per chevron argent and Or, three flames proper, each charged with a tower sable.

Geneviève du Faucon. Name only.

Godwin Talfourd of York. Name and device. Ermine, a double headed eagle displayed, per pale gules and azure, on a chief triangular sable, a sword fesswise Or.

Huldreich Kyd. Name only. The given name is documented as a variant form of "Ulrich".

James the Tormentor. Name only.

Jauhara bint al-Ghamr. Name and device. Counter-ermine, on a bend invected argent, three fleurs-de-lys purpure. The name was submitted as Jauhara bint al-Gammar. As the letter of intent and documentation relied heavily on sources provided by Star, it is perhaps appropriate to let him comment: "But, al-Ghamr, which is fine as a name is not, repeat not, the same as the word al-Gammar. And one may still not claim to be the "daughter of the moon". Badr is a name; gammar is a word, not a name." As the submittor allowed changes to meaning and grammar of the name, we have substituted the patronymic suggested by Star: "bint al-Gammar".

Jehane Catterill. Name only.

Lachlann Dougal Graeme. Name and device. Per pall inverted sable, gules and argent, two mullets of nine points argent and a rose sable, barbed and seeded gules.

Myfanwy ferch Tangwystl. Change of name from holding name of Catherine of Adiantum.

Odran Schneelöwe Eisenschmied. Name and device. Sable, a chevron inverted azure, fimbriated Or, overall a lion rampant, all within a bordure embattled argent. Note that, although the Irish given name is diminutive in form, it had an independent existence in period and some seventeen Irish saints bore the name (O Corrain and Maguire, Gaelic Personal Names, p. 148). Please ask him to draw the fimbriation a lot wider!

Pavlos Reddrum. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and sable, a closed book palewise sable and a rams' bead couped argent, armed Or, all within a bordure counterchanged.

Qaragaj Qara Ton. Name and device. Per saltire argent and azure, in pale two ravens displayed sable and in fess an increscent and a decrescent argent.

Ramsgaard, Shire of. Name and device. Per chevron azure and argent, two rams combattant Or and a laurel wreath gules.

Rosalie Harper. Name and device. Sable, three harps within a bordure Or.

Rose Mary Fleury FitzHugh. Name only.

Sean Michael MacKay. Name and device. Gyronny wavy vert and Or, on a chief per pale gules and argent, three roses counterchanged, barbed and seeded proper.

Seumas as a'Ghlinne Easgaiche. Name only. The name was submitted as Seumais na Ghlinneasgaidh with a request for correction of spelling and grammar. The submitted given name form is the correct genitive form and we have substituted the nominative of the Gaelic form for James. The byname has been corrected to give the meaning requested ("of the Valley of the Marsh") in a reasonable Gaelic form. In this case the feminine article used with the masculine noun "gleann" has been replaced by a masculine article and the appropriate preposition. The proper genitive form for "easgach" (meaning "bog" or "fen") has also been substituted. (Note that the noun and adjective forms in Bain's Clans and Tartans of Scotland must be used with great care, as they include no indication of the gender and proper declension of the nouns and have some serious typographical errors.)

Sophia de la Mer. Badge. Gules, a seahorse argent within six swords conjoined in annulo proper.

Ula Brennasdottir. Badge. On a triangle inverted azure, an ivy leaf Or.

Zoe Anastasia Dalassena de Flora. Device. Quarterly azure and Or, a cross between in chief two cinquefoils and in base two towers, all counterchanged.

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

Anne Dudley de Brandhard. Badge for Edward Dudley de Brandhard. Gules, on a pale azure, fimbriated, between two arrows inverted Or, a sword inverted proper.

Burning Sands, Shire of. Device. Per chevron Or and sable, in chief two suns sable and in base a dragon's head, erased and sinister facing, Or within a laurel wreath argent.

Byron della Farfalla. Name and device. Per chevron Or and argent, in pall inverted four anemone flowers gules, seeded sable, between three butterflies azure. The name was submitted as Byroni de Farfalla. As no solid documentation could be adduced for the given name (its orthography is not Italian as the submittor indicated), we have used the submittor's mundane given name. The preposition in the byname has been modified to the proper form before a feminine common noun. Please ask him to draw the flowers larger and the butterflies smaller.

Gerwald of Devon the Miner. Name and device. Per chevron inverted azure and argent, in chief a pickaxe bendwise argent, a base embattled vert.

Helen Jennet of Foxhall. Name and device. Argent, a fox's head erased gules, on a chief azure two swords in saltire argent. Note that Crescent errs in stating that Foxhall is a direct translation of Refsheim, the household name registered to Reynard the Brown ("A house is not a home. . .").

Perkuk Gilgehjen. Change of name from Simahoya Yahola (see RETURNS for device).

Veorn Natthauk Ragnarrson. Device. Or, a drakkar affronty under full sail, its hull winged, on a base sable, a hawk's head, couped and sinister facing, Or.

KINGDOM OF CAID

Arianna Gabrielle du Gerfaucon. Name only.

Brandolf von der Pirsch. Name only.

Brianna Laurina de Winton. Name and device. Erminois, on a chief dovetailed sable, three fleurs-de-lys Or. Crescent is correct in stating that this is technically clear of William the Lucky ("Erminois, a chief embattled azure, in the dexter a roundel Or."). It created series twitches for the cadency mavens amongst us, however, since both devices appear to claim secondary cadency from the same device (e.g., to be of two first cousins descended from younger sons).

Colm the Defrocked. Name only.

Cristobal degli Glicini che Mangia Uome. Badge. Sable, a peacock rising, wings elevated and addorsed, maintaining a sprig of wisteria, all argent. Please ask the submittor to draw the wisteria a lot larger: it was all but invisible on the emblazon.

Déshivé Luciana d'Avignon. Change of name from Luciana d'Avignon.

Dreiburgen, Barony of. Badge. Per chevron inverted throughout, a chamfron argent within a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Elaine of Glastonbury. Name and device. Quarterly gules and argent, a candle counterchanged, enflamed Or, overall a key fesswise within a bordure sable. It must be admitted that the name created some associational problems for a number of members of the College. The Arthurian legends so closely gather about Glastonbury (even in mediaeval renditions of the matter) that an important name from the matter of Britain used in conjunction with that site will inevitably cause twitches. The Fair Maid of Astolat is a notable character in the later Arthurian romances, but Astolat is generally associated with Guildford in Surrey rather than Glastonbury. While Malory makes Elaine the daughter of Pelles, close cousin to Joseph of Arimathea, who was most definitely associated with Glastonbury, we were not able to locate any clear evidence associating Pelles with the immediate territory of Glastonbury.

Fia Naheed. Change of device. Vert, on a sun within a serpent vorant of its own tail Or, a mullet of four points between the horns of an increscent sable. Please ask the submittor to draw the sun properly (on the emblazon sheet, it was more reminiscent of a sunflower) with the tertiary charges centered on the sun.

Gunther von der Pirsch. Name only.

Ivan the Illustrated. Name only.

John of Dreiburgen. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, on a bend sinister cotised gules, three triangles palewise inverted, each within and conjoined to an annulet Or. The submission was made under the name of John Sterling.

Leannan MacNaboe. Name and device. Chequy sable and Or, a quatrefoil set saltirewise within a mascle vert.

Paganus Grimlove. Name and device. Argent, a wolf's head cabossed sable, maintaining in its mouth a garden rose, slipped and leaved, within a heart voided and a chief doubly enarched gules. The combination of the voided heart used as a frame and the unusual chief reflecting the upper portion of the heart bordered on non-period style. [Irreverent comment from Laurel meeting: is this a period version of "tough love"?].

Paganus Grimlove. Badge for House Grimlove. Argent, a wolf's head, cabossed and snarling, sable within a heart voided gules.

Petruchio Desiderio Ghiberti. Name and device. Per pall inverted sable, gules and argent, in pale a dragon passant Or and a fireball gules. While the given name is a diminutive form of the Italian "Pietro", it appears worthy of lenience given it famous "independent use" in Shakespeare.

Robert Buffle of Hawkhaven. Name only.

Seóinin Grewar of Loch Katrine. Change of name from Kathryn Grewar of Loch Awe.

Shana Morgana. Name and device. Per bend azure and sable, a sword bendwise inverted throughout proper and in sinister chief a snowflake, all within a bordure argent.

Zenobia Naphtali. Badge for Anne Lynnette de Troyes. Barry wavy argent and azure, a cat, sejant erect and sinister facing, gules.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Alaric Friedrich von Rundstadt. Name and device. Argent, a cross gyronny sable and gules, between in bend a decrescent and an increscent sable.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge. Purpure, a falcon striking within a bordure Or.

Edouard d'Aubigny. Name only.

Gabhan mac Aedain. Name and device. Per fess argent and sable, in base a wyvern passant, wings displayed and tail nowed erect, argent.

Harald of Bears' Haven. Device. Or, a bear sejant erect sable, playing a straight trumpet vert, on a chief invected azure, an annulet Or.

Killian O'Neal. Name only. The given name is the anglicized form of Irish "Cilléne" (O Corrain and Maguire, Gaelic Personal Names, p. 52). The anglicized spelling of the patronymic is that used in his mundane surname.

Morwen Greycloak. Name and device. Azure, a unicornate sea-horse, tail elevated above its head argent, within a bordure argent semy of escallops azure. No documentation was provided for the given name, but Morwenna appears to have been a sixth century Cornish saint and her cult gave its name to Morwenstow by the thirteenth century at least (Dexter, Cornish Names, p. 53).

Paidraic MacLochlan o Loingsigh. Device. Per chevron embattled argent and gules, a natural dolphin naiant embowed sable and a quill palewise argent.

Roger de Bayeux. Device. Or, on a chevron vert between three turnips proper a halberd fracted Or. Although it was not mentioned on the letter of intent, his name was registered in December, 1987. The turnips are the typical period turnip which is purple on top, white on the bottom with green foliage. Habicht, while Gold Falcon, apparently returned the turnips for "metal on metal" because of the white portion of the root and for overuse of proper. He apparently felt that turnips proper were not appropriate for period heraldry. In this particular case, as Badger has noted, the turnip proper actually appears to be a period charge since it appears in German rolls of arms as early as the fourteenth century. Therefore it must be considered appropriate for Society use. We would strongly suggest, however, that they be drawn so that the purple portion of the root is predominant.

Thorvald the Golden. Device. Argent, a sword argent, flamed and hilted within a bordure rayonny azure. On the May letter of intent, this gentle's device was pended until the August meeting for further conflict checking because the blazon on the letter of intent had not mentioned a tincture for the flaming, implying it was azure, whilst the forms enclosed made the flames proper. Gold Falcon informs me that it was not the blazon that was in error, but the emblazon: forms from a previous submission had been inadvertently included in the packet instead of the proper forms which showed the device all argent and azure. He has provided the Laurel Office with the correct forms. This being so, there is no need to pend the submission further, since the College has already checked for this combination before the May meeting.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Alexander Caithnes of Wyk. Change of name from Anaron Caithnes of Wik and badge for Daingneach Uaine. Quarterly vert and argent, a cross crosslet throughout between four crosses couped, all counterchanged. Note that, were this a device, Badger would be correct in calling conflict with James Christian ("Quarterly vert and argent, a cross bottonny between in bend two pheons inverted counterchanged."). As this is a badge, the difference in type and number of secondary charges suffices. On his letter of intent Brigantia noted that the household name, previously registered with another badge, was "erroneously released in August 87" and "should be restored whether or note the badge is registered". Under our current rules no household name may exist without being attached to a badge. When the original badge for the household was released, the name had to be released as well. By the same token if this badge were not acceptable, the name could not be reregistered since it must be attached to a badge.

Alison MacDermot. Device. Per chevron argent and azure, a sea-lion maintaining a round buckle counterchanged. It was the consensus of the College that this was clear of Giles, cited on the letter of intent ("Per chevron argent and azure, a lion rampant counterchanged."). However, Brigantia erred in stating that the buckle here is a "significant secondary charge". Charges maintained by a beast are normally tertiary charges at best (some must be considered negligible in counting conflict) and thus worth at most a minor point of difference. Since this tertiary charge is easily identifiable and carefully placed in the dexter canton position where brisure marks are commonly placed, one may derive a minor point of difference here.

Ariane Baie d'Or. Name only.

Arnoff Ragnarsson. Badge. Argent, upon a winged foot, bendwise and sinister facing, gules, a cross couped argent. This was submitted on the letter of intent to be registered to the East Kingdom for the East Kingdom Chirurgeonate. It was noted at that time that Brigantia was aware of the prohibition of registration of badges for offices where there was a badge for the office at a Society wide level, but that the Eastern College felt this was "unnecessary" and that the Eastern Chirurgeons had "an appropriate need" for such a badge. No arguments were given why such a long-standing precedent should be discarded nor any details provided as to the overriding need experienced by the Eastern Chirurgeonate. The restriction on the use of subsidiary insignia is a very old one. It is mentioned in correspondence by Ioseph of Locksley at the very beginning of his tenure as Laurel as a given so we must assume it to have been traditional prior to 1973. Records from those days are sometimes rather scanty and filled with gaps(even in the Laurel Office files!) so that it is difficult to determine whether the restriction was made at the behest of the Board of Directors or the Laurel Office. However, it is clearly based on logic and common sense: the need for insignia which would be readily identifiable on an interkingdom level must have been obvious as soon as there was more than one kingdom in the Society. The common sense of this restriction holds true even more today, when there are twelve kingdoms, and applies to the "emergency services" like the Chirurgeonate especially strongly. A number of members of the College expressed interest in hearing Brigantia's arguments for an alteration of such an ancient tradition. It is possible that, were they adequately cogent, the College might find it advisable to consult with the Board as to the feasibility of loosening the restrictions on subsidiary insignia. However, at the present time no arguments have presented which justify the alteration of the current precedent.

Atai Tetsuko. Device. Argent, an octopus displayed within a bordure wavy gules. Note that the definining instance in Society heraldry (Geoffrey d'Ayr, "Azure, an octopus displayed argent." [badge]) indicates that this posture is correctly blazoned as displayed in Society heraldry.

Audric Eisenherz. Name only.

East Kingdom. Badge for University of the East Kingdom. Or, on a fess between three tyger's heads erased azure, an open book Or.

East Kingdom. Badge for East Kingdom Tyger School for Pages. Or, a tyger's jambe fesswise azure.

Eleanor Cleveland of York. Device. Per chevron plumetty Or and sable and Or, in base in pale a whelk gules and an escallop sable.

Fionnghuala Gliobach Mael Ailbe. Name only.

Francesca Laura di Firenze. Name and device. Per bend Or and gules, in bend sinister a fleur-de-lys and an axe bendwise inverted, blade to sinister, counterchanged. The name was submitted as Francesca della Laura di Firenze. As Crescent has noted, the usage of "della" with a feminine given name does not seem to have been documented. We have therefore dropped it. Note that, although Petrarch came from a Florentine family, he was born in exile and his Laura was apparently, if not French, at least encountered in France.

Geoffrey Featherstone. Name and device. Azure, a griffin statant and on a chief argent, a feather fesswise azure.

Johannes Baumlieder. Name and device. Or, a fir tree proper between in chief two mascles, all within a bordure gules. Draw the mascles bigger!

Lína Sigurdardottir. Name and device. Per chevron gules and argent, on a chevron inverted sable, two antlers addorsed, and in chief a snowflake Or. The name was submitted as Lena Sigurdsdottir. The documentation provided was from a list of names from a Norwegian geneological volume in which older names and patently modern forms were mixed. As the submittor specifically allowed changes, we have substituted the Old Norse feminine name Lína, cited by Geirr Bassi (p. 13). As the proper genitive of "Sigurd" is "Sigurdar", we have also modified the patronymic.

Lorenzo Quintain. Device. Argent, a quintain, armed to dexter with a sword bendwise and to sinister with a shield, gules.

Mikhail Reubenovic Kopaczewski. Name and device. Per pale sable and Or, a double-headed eagle displayed counterchanged, a chief embattled gules.

Oriana Greycloak. Name and device. Argent, an Oriental sea-dog erect guardant sable, maintaining in its mouth a rose, slipped to dexter, gules. The primary charge is a monster composed of the foreparts of a Fu dog and the usual sea-monsters finned tail.

Philippe Attaignant. Name only. The name was submitted as Philippe Attaignant de Bretagne. Crescent raised the question of whether the fact that Philippe de Lorraine was defeated by Henry IV of France when he attempted to revive the independent Duchy of Brittany removes the threat of infringement here. At the same time Brigantia suggested the addition of the surname "Attaignant" to the name removes any infringement. Unfortunately, the meaning of this surname which derives from the French verb "atteindre" (strike at, try for, attain) weakens both arguments. Dropping the geographical byname avoids the problem.

Reynard de Lyre. Name and device. Vert, on a mullet of eight points Or, a fox's mask proper, all within a bordure wavy Or.

Robert the Illuminator. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Robert the Illuminator of Warwickshire. Commentary noted not only the prohibitions on "job description + place name" which might apply here but also mentioned Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick who was Parliament's Lord High Admiral during the Civil War [the real Civil War] and played a crucial role in the early history of Massachusetts and Connecticut. [There was also at least one irreverent comment on the amount of gold leaf required to illuminate Warwickshire!]

Roland Ganneth. Name only.

Rowan Elayne of Kendal. Name and device. Quarterly azure and argent, in bend two barbless roses argent within an orle Or.

Simon Dubh Mac Brian O Glen Rannoch. Device. Per chevron gules and argent, a sword counterchanged between in chief two lions rampant Or.

Sirhan al Siani. Device. Argent, in pale a chevron throughout and a mullet of seven points elongated to chief sable within a bordure azure.

Smoking Rocks, Shire of. Badge. On a mullet of seven points pommetty sable, a sperm whale naiant argent. The whale is from their arms (the seat of the Shire is in New Bedford, Massachusetts, once New England's whaling capitol). With reference to Brigantia's historical explanation on the use of "sheriffs" in the East, more specifically in the context of the Shire of Smoking Rocks, we could find no record in the correspondence of this having been brought to Laurel consideration of whether a "grandfather clause" should apply.

Tamsin Averil. Name only.

Uilliam Uaine. Name only. The given name appears in O Corrain and Maguire as an Irish version of the name William borrowed from the Normans (Gaelic Personal Names, p. 175). "Uaine" not only means "green", but is in itself a name from the Finn Cycle (ibid., p. 174).

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

Cairbre mac Shimidh of Glen Shiel. Change of name from Cairbre of Meridies. When Master Wilhelm returned the name Cairbre MacShimidh in February, 1984, on the grounds that the use of the patronymic was presumptuous since it appeared to be reserved to the head of the Frasers of Lovat (being derived from the eponymous founder of the line Simon Fraser). This seems to be based on the evidence of Black (Surnames of Scotland, p. 529530) who states that the chief of Clan Fraser is so called. The same statement is made by Moncreiffe (The Highland Clans, p. 81) and several other reliable sources. There is no doubt as well that Black is correct in saying that he given name Simon was not very popular in Scotland outside the Fraser family. However, the addition of the geographical modifier which is not at all associated with Fraser territory in addition to the use of the given name which does not appear in any Fraser genealogy which we could find would seem to carry the name clear. The Frasers call their chief (in Gaelic) "the MacSimon" in the same way that the MacGregors call their chief "the MacGregor". This does not necessarily rule out the use of the name MacGregor by anyone else. Note, however, that the change in capitalization noted on the letter of intent has no effect at all on whether the patronymic is permissible or not: "MacShimidh" and "mac Shimidh" are totally equivalent in both modern and period Gaelic orthography.

Diego Rodrigo Espada de la Fenix. Name only.

Domhnall Broyces. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Gules, on a pile embattled argent, three ravens close sable. The submission was made under the name Domhnall MacRuadhri. The holding name was generated using his mundane surname.

Geoffrey de Braybroc. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Giulia Giovanni. Name only.

Gwenhyvaer of Dolphinsgate. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Michael de la Mare. Name and device. Per pale and chevronelly argent and gules, an escallop within a bordure Or.

Nicolaus Bernhardt. Name and device. Argent, a bear salient to sinister sable, maintaining a heart gules, within an orle of bear's pawprints sable.

Sionyn Muirgen ni Dhomnhall. Badge for Damhnait an t-Abhlóir. Gyronny sable and vert, a fool's cap argent.

Sterre Cathlin O'Cahan. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Starren Cathlin O'Cahan. The documentation supported the given name "Sterre" (cited from Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 332, as having occurred as a given name in Domesday Book). It did not support the form "starren" which the Dutch word for "stars". We have therefore substituted the documented form.

Tegan FitzHugh. Name and device. Argent, a pomegranate, slipped and leaved, proper within a mascle gules, all between four pomegranates in cross, slipped and leaved, the slips to center, proper.

Vladimir Blackwolf. Name and device. Argent, a saltire sable, cotised gules, between a bear's head cabossed and three swords, all sable. Note that this does not conflict with Sylvan Andere ("Argent, a saltire between two oak trees eradicated in pale sable."), as cited by Crescent: the cotising gules and the sable charges which lie outside the cotising are two separate groups of secondaries.

KINGDOM OF THE MIDDLE

Aleksandr Vasilyevich Lev. Name and device. Azure, a lion rampant guardant, maintaining a patriarchal crosier, within a stooped arch, doors open, all Or.

Aleksandra Nikolaijevna Myshka. Name and device. Per bend sable and argent, a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy counterchanged. The name appeared on the letter of intent as Aleksandra Nikolaijevna Myska. We have added the "h", which is the usual transliteration, to guarantee the correct meaning and pronunciation.

Alessandra Aldobrandini di Firenze. Name and device. Or, semy of fleurs-de-lys gules, on a pall sable, a blond mermaid proper, maintaining in the dexter hand an open book and in the sinister a handful of paint brushes Or.

Anastasia von der Wilgenhalle. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Angelica Paganelli. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ariadne Flaxenhair of Dragon's End. Name and device. Barry wavy argent and sable, a wyvern statant reguardant, tail sufflexed, within a bordure vert. The name was submitted as Ariadne Flaxen-haired of Dragon's End. The simpler form of the descriptive epithet is the one generally used to form names in English (and is, in fact, the one which the submittor indicated that she wished at the time of consultation at Pennsic. . .)

Beatrice Elaine of the Oak Grove. Name only.

Bohemund d'Abruzzi. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or, in pale a rose counterchanged and a boar statant to sinister per pale argent and sable. Note that Italian commonly elides the "i" of the preposition "di" before words beginning with a vowel (as in the name d'Annunzio").

Emrys ap Gryffidd. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Fionna Goodburne. Name and device. Argent, a pall inverted purpure between three thistles, slipped and leaved, proper. The name was submitted as Fionna Goodburne MacNicol. Since this conflicted with Fiona MacNicol, registered in April, 1988, we have dropped the patronymic surname.

Fionnghuala de Dhoire. Name only.

Geoffrey Jagger. Badge for House of the Lofty Manor. Or, a fan of five peacock feathers proper within a bordure purpure.

Gruffydd ap Madog. Name and device. Azure, a griffin couchant, wings elevated and addorsed, Or, in chief a mattock fesswise argent.

Gundric Fawkes. Name only.

Halfdan Beartooth Kolskeggjason. Name only.

Ian of the Red Hawk. Name only.

Ivan Sarpe. Name and device. Argent, a serpent nowed, on a chief sable, a moon in its complement and an increscent argent. The name was submitted as Ivan Serpi with the statement that the byname was the Romanian word for "snake". However, no documentation was provided in support of that spelling and several Romanian dictionaries indicated that the word for "snake" in Romanian is "sarpe". As the submittor's forms allowed spelling changes (though not changes in meaning) we have modified the byname accordingly.

Johannes der Hase. Name and device. Vert, a coney salient argent, on a chief Or, an arrow fesswise, point to dexter, vert.

John Patrick of Islington. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Liadaine del Scoles. Name only.

Lloyd of Caerleon. Name only. The given name has now been documented as a given name in period from Morgan and Morgan (pp. 151154).

Magdalene de Liège. Name and device. Quarterly Or and gules, a cross fleuretty between four estoiles, all counterchanged.

Middle Kingdom. Award of the Doe's Grace. Change of name from Order of the Queen's Favour. The name of the Kingdom's award for courtesy and chivalry is being changed to honour the late Duchess Eislinn the Patient who founded the Order of the Queen's Favour.

Middle Kingdom. Designation of Award of the Dragon's Treasure for previously registered badge. A dragon's gamb couped erect maintaining a roundel argent, charged with a pale gules.

Morgaine nicFhrannsaidh. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and azure, a bend sinister embattled counter-embattled Or, in base a natural rosebud Or, slipped and leaved vert. The name was submitted as Morgaine nicFhrannsaidh MacLeod. Since this conflicted with the already registered name of Morgan MacLeod, we dropped the second surname.

Myfanwy des Levriers. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Osric of Fayrehope. Name and device. Or, a sea-lion erect vert within a bordure engrailed purpure, ermined argent.

Paxentius of Ashford. Name and device. Quarterly azure and argent, a cross moline counterchanged between in bend sinister two mullets azure.

Racheldis of Glastonburye. Name only.

Rhiannon de la Medewe du Leu. Name only. The name was submitted as Rhianna de la Medewe du Leu. Since this name could not be documented in period as a given name, we have substituted "Rhiannon".

Rhiannon Las. Name only. The name was submitted as Rhiannon y Glas. As the submittor allowed changes to her name we have followed the suggestions from Brachet, dropping the article and mutating the byname.

Sciath an Chapaill Bháin. Name and device. Per bend wavy argent and azure, two seahorses counterchanged. The name was submitted as Sia na Copaill Bhana. The given name was documented solely through an bare entry from a listing in Coughlan's Irish Christian Names (Appendix I). This particular listing, which aims at giving English rather than Irish forms of names (!!!) is more suspect than most of Coughlan's efforts, particularly since no dates are included. The only example that anyone in the College could adduce for the use of the name was as a diminutive form for Athanasia Sioris, the decidedly more than human heroine (???) of Peter Beagle's novel Folk of the Air, set in a distorted (mildly or strongly, depending on your point of view) version of the Society in its earlier days, which features appearances by "Duke Frederick of Eastmarch" among others (!?!). Given this fact, it appeared that a holding name would have to be formed. However, the submittor indicated she would accept spelling and grammar changes if the meaning of the name were retained. Some research based on the meaning ("shield") given in Coughlan's list revealed that his form "Sheea" was in fact a typographical error for "Skeea" derived from the period Irish name "Sciath" (which is pronounced "Skia" according to O Corrain and Maguire, Gaelic Personal Names, p. 162). As the meaning of the byname was given to be "of the white horse" (singular), we have also modified that form. The proper Irish genitive masculine article is "an". The genitive of "capall" is aspirated after that article and in turn the genitive adjective form is aspirated following the noun (see Dillon and O Croinin, Teach Yourself Irish, p. 15, where this precise form is given in the phrase "the white horse's leg": cos an chapaill bháin.)

Siegmund the Silly. Name and device. Gules, in pale an owl displayed and a sword inverted between in fess two owls close guardant aspectant, all argent. The birds in fess have been specified to be "guardant", although this is the usual default for owls close, because the particular arrangement might suggest that they are actually looking at each other.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Aarquelle, Shire of. Device. Barry wavy azure and argent, an eagle displayed Or within a laurel wreath vert.

Alastair Kincaid. Name and device. Argent, a fess engrailed on the upper edge vert, overall a unicornate natural seahorse, erect and sinister facing, azure, spined, finned and horned Or.

Ambrosius the Grey. Change of name from holding name of Emrys of St. Golias and device. Gyronny of fourteen Or and gules, a double-bitted axe argent within a bordure counterchanged.

Ambrosius the Grey. Addition of designation House Whitebear to registered badge. Gyronny of fourteen azure and argent, a decrescent gules charged with a bear rampant to sinister argent.

Archibald Bowyer. Device. Chevronelly argent and azure, three pheons in pall, points to center, gules.

Artan Skulcrusher. Device. Per pale argent and gules, a chevron between two mullets of four points and a tower, all within a bordure counterchanged.

Berold Blackwolf de Gilbert. Badge. A palm tree couped argent. The name appeared on the letter of intent as Beryld Blackwolf de Gilbert, but was registered in the form used above in April, 1988.

Dairine Mor O hUigin. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Elen Llwynog Coch. Name only. The name was submitted as Elen o Llwynog Coch. Acting on the advice of Brachet, we have dropped the preposition to give her the meaning Ellen Red Fox.

Elisheva bat Simon Halevi. Device. Or, goutty de larmes, a lion sejant gules, maintaining a pitcher azure.

Giovanni di Sienna. Augmented arms. Or, a cross voided sable surmounted by a rose gules, barbed and seeded proper, between two goblets in bend sinister gules, augmented with a canton of Or, a key fesswise gules within a bordure embattled vert.

Gwyneth Maeve of Falconguard. Name and device. Argent, a saker hawk migrant to base proper, on a chief embattled gules, three lilies Or (Falco cherrug). According to photographs provided with the submission, the bird is predominantly dark brown.

Hawkyn Fitzgerad. Device. Gyronny argent and sable, a hawk's leg, erased at the thigh, gules, belled and jessed Or.

Jocelyn von Velden. Holding name and device. Argent, on a bend vert, cotised sable, five crescents argent. The submission was made under the name Shindea von Velden which was returned in April, 1988.

Joella of Blue Lion's Keep. Name and device. Per fess argent and azure, a lion passant and a tower conjoined to sinister with a wall, all within a bordure counterchanged.

Johann of the Northern Moors. Name only.

Konrad Lothar. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Konrad Lothar von Böhmen. The name had originally been submitted as Konrad of Bohemia and was returned for conflict in March, 1987. The name is no less presumptuous because the locative is translated into German. Indeed, this only makes the problem with Konrad of Bohemia more acute. We have therefore dropped the geographical byname.

Mael of the Outlands. Device. Or, three piles in point gules, surmounted by a raven volant, in base a fess embattled and abased sable. The submission was made under the name of Mael Mardane, which had previously been returned (April, 1988). This is not in conflict with Aberbury ("Or, a fess embattled sable.") since the piles and the raven are technically two sets of charges. This borders on the acceptable in "landscape representation", but. . .

Minna Miranda of Avebury. Name only. Note that "Minna" appears to be an old German feminine name. The citation from Withycombe (p. 221) only indicates that its popularity in England dated from its use by Scott.

Outlands, Kingdom of. Title for Trefoil Herald.

Richard of Greenwood. Device. Argent, three roundels barry wavy azure and Or within a bordure embattled azure. Although the letter of intent indicated the name was being registered at this time, it had previously been registered to this gentle in October, 1985.

William de Vallier. Badge. Two swords inverted in saltire proper, overall a fleur-de-lys Or. This was uncomfortably close to the badge of the Barony of the Middle Marches ("Two swords inverted in saltire, surmounted by a daffodil, slipped and leaved, proper."). However, there is clearly at least a major point of difference for the type and partial tincture of the overlying charge and this is all that is required between Society badges.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Aelfwine of Peterborough. Name only.

Amber Ulfsdottir. Name and device. Argent, a dragon courant to sinister gules within a bordure sable semy of crescents argent.

Anastasia Ivanovna. Name and device. Gules, on a bend sinister between two candles enflamed Or, three mullets of six points gules. The wife of Ivan the Terrible was Anastasia Romanova. Note that the issue of cotises as secondary charges with respect to a potential conflict with Lindyre of Valreinor ("Gules, on a bend sinister doubly cotised Or, three roses gules, barbed and seeded proper.") is something of a red herring. Even if the cotises are considered secondary charges, there exist differences in type and number of secondary charges so that the two devices are clear. [Editorial Note: Crescent and others have asked for a discourse on cotises in period blazon. This will be forthcoming as an appendix/article when the rules are out and Laurel has the leisure to translate the source materials with which she is working so that they may be accessible to the College at large.]

Annora Blethyn. Name and device. Sable, a unicorn statant erect and in chief three roses in fess argent. Note that the beast is not truly salient, as blazoned on the letter of intent, since its spine is in a perfectly perpendicular position.

Christopher FitzArthur of Walland Marsh. Name and device. Per saltire argent and vert, in pale two bunches of grapes, slipped and leaved, proper and in fess two fox's heads erased affronty argent.

Cynthia Anne of Silver Lakes. Name and device. Or, a domestic cat passant to sinister and on a chief sable, three bezants.

Ekaterina Ilichna Sukurakova. Name and device. Azure, goutty d'Or, a unicorn couchant reguardant within a bordure Or.

Finn O'Lochlainn. Device. Per pale and per bend sinister vert and argent, in bend two escallops argent.

Ivan Nikolaevitch Kozorezov. Change of name from Emeric Mallikson.

Jean Paul de Rheims. Name and device. Per chevron azure and gules, a chevron inverted between a castle triple-towered argent and three plates.

Kenneth Edwards. Name and device. Or, a goblet inverted and on a chief azure, three butterflies displayed Or.

Malcolm of Strathavon. Name and device. Argent, five thistles, three and two, slipped and leaved, vert.

Melinda Cheval du Feu. Name and device. Per fess rayonny argent and sable, in chief a horse courant sable.

Nikki Bergstadt. Change of name from Nikki Whitelaw. Her mundane given name is "Nikki".

Raymond Silverwood. Name and device. Sable, on a bend argent between two mullets of six points Or, three increscents palewise azure.

Richard of Willowood. Name only.

Susi de la Terre. Name and device. Azure, a pegasus couchant, wings elevated and addorsed, and on a chief argent, three mullets vert. The given name has been documented as an Old Testament masculine name (Numbers 13,11.) and is not a diminutive of Susan.

Thomas Buchanon of Clyde. Name and device. Per pale vert and sable, in fess two nag's heads couped, a chief embattled Or.

Turgar Deerherder. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and argent, in bend two stag's antlers bendwise sinister counterchanged.

Weland of Yulewood. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, an owl displayed between three sprigs of two holly leaves, all counterchanged. The given name had been ruled to be "famous and unique" by Master Baldwin, but the submittor has most excellently documented its not infrequent use by yeomen, clerics and other ordinary folk in period England and Scotland by references ranging from the Domesday Book to sixteenth century Scotland.

West, Kingdom of. Release of name and badge for Guild of the Elephant. Sable, an elephant statant bearing on its back a tower Or.

West, Kingdom of. Release of seal for Chronicler. Gules, an amphisbaena Or.

West, Kingdom of. Release of badge for Historian. Per pale azure and vert, in saltire a trumpet, bell in chief, and a quill, point in base, both argent.

West, Kingdom of. Release of badge for List Pages. Or, a gopher courant erect sable, wearing on its hind paws winged sandals and carrying in its dexter forepaw a billet argent.

West, Kingdom of. Release of badge for Court of Chancery. Azure, a fasces, blade to sinister, Or, tied gules.

West, Kingdom of. Release of badge for Constable Provost. Azure, a flanged mace between in fess two mullets Or.

Wolfram of the Mists. Holding name and device (see PENDING for name). Vair, an anvil gules. The submission was made under the name Wolfram the Smith.

Wulfric Strongbow. Name only. The name was submitted as Wulfric Strongbow de Pembroke. By the submittor's own documentation, however, the epithet "Strongbow" was closely associated with Richard, Earl of Pembroke, father-in-law of William Marshal. We have dropped the geographical byname in order to register the name.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE RETURNED:

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

Amos MacAlpin. Device. Per bend sinister vert and azure, on a tankard argent, two halberds in saltire sable. Conflict with Pia Dragonslayer ("Azure, on a two-handled mug per pale Or and argent, a dragon segreant vert bearing a sword sable.").

Mari ferch Rathyen. Change of name from Elizabeth D'Erisbey. While the given name is listed in Gruffudd as a "variant" of "Mair", no date is given for this usage and appears to be a non-period. The actual spelling of the name used in the metronymic is "Rathtyen in all the versions of the Mabinogion we could find (the lady appears in the Mabinogion in a listing of the ladies of Arthurs immediately following Guenevere and her sister). As the submittor allowed no changes whatsoever to the name, it had to be returned in its entirety.

Thorgard ins Svarta. Change of name from Thorgard the Black. The proper Old Norse form of the byname is "inn Svarti" (Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name, p. 28). As he allowed no changes whatsoever to the name, we could not correct the grammar.

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Brenna the Disinherited. Badge for House Disinherited. Gules, a cross gringoly surmounted by an annulet argent. Although we have preserved the blazon used by Æstel, in reality the addition of the "annulet" of the same tincture as the underlying charge converts the cross into a "Celtic cross gringoly" (a distinctly Society sort of creation!). It would thus conflict with Merkelbach as cited on the letter of intent ("Gules, a cross gringoly argent.").

Drogo the Forgetful. Badge. Per bend Or and sable, two roundels counterchanged. Under DoD B.1.c only a minor point of difference can be derived from Payne ("Per bend Or and azure, two roundels counterchanged.") by the change to the field. Since it has been previously ruled that changes of tincture which are derivative from a change in the tincture of the field are diminished in force, we must conclude that this badge does in fact conflict with Payne.

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

Aislynn Aelfbearn. Name and device. Or, a pale and on a chief gules, three tankards, lidded with boar's heads, Or. Unfortunately, the members of the College who commented that the byname is against the ban on claims of non-human descent in NR12 are technically correct. As she indicates no changes whatsoever may be made to her name, the submission as a whole must be returned. If this had not been the case, we would have modified the name to the form which was originally returned at Kingdom level ("Ulfbearn") since Laurel staff has been able to document the use of th "Ulf" instead of "Wulf" as a protheme in Old English sources.

Katrine Elise Gabrielle du Barneville. Name only. With the locative the plain preposition "de" should be used, but the submittor allowed no changes whatsoever to her name.

Perkuk Gilgehjen. Device. Gules, on a demisun issuant from base throughout a bear's pawprint sable. Conflict with the Oregon National Guard ("Gules, the setting sun issuant of twelve light rays throughout Or, thereupon a beaver sejant erect proper."). If the demi-sun were drawn in a more standard manner several Society conflicts would be obvious.

KINGDOM OF CAID

John Sterling. Name only. The name is in direct conflict with that of the nineteenth century essayist and litterateur, John Sterling. This gentleman was the center of the "Sterling Club" a circle which gathered together some of the most notable English writers of the middle of the nineteenth century, among them Tennyson, John Stuart Mill, Palgrave, Carlyle, etc.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Morwen Greycloak. Badge. On an escallop azure, a unicornate sea-horse's head couped argent. Conflict with Karl von Kugler ("Chequy Or and sable, an escallop azure.").

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

Domhnall MacRuadhri. Name only. Unfortunately, Vesper is correct in citing conflict with Donal Artor MacRorie, registered in September, 1987.

Geoffrey de Braybroc. Device. Gules, a fess argent, overall seven mascles, four and three, counterchanged. Not only does this conflict with the arms of Austria ("Gules, a fess argent."), but it is visually confusing to an unacceptable degree.

Gwenhyvaer of Dolphinsgate. Device. Sable, on a bend sinister gules, fimbriated, between two dolphins embowed, three escallops inverted Or. Under the current rules, this is in conflict with Elaine of Wogen Cavern, cited on the letter of intent ("Sable, a bend sinister gules, fimbriated, between a mullet and a pegasus rampant to sinister Or.").

James Galen MacGrew. Device. Gules, on a sun within a bordure argent, a wolf's head cabossed sable. Conflict with Conroy der Rote ("Gules, on a sun argent a falcon's leg couped a-la-quise proper.").

Michael de la Mare. Badge for Michael the Impetuous. Argent, on an escallop inverted azure, a horse rampant argent, hooved and crined Or, bridled gules. Conflict with Atlantia's Order of the Pearl ("On an escallop inverted azure, a plate.").

Sionyn Muirgen ni Dhomnhall. Change of device. Sable, goutty d'eau, on a gore sinister vert, fimbriated, a dolphin hauriant embowed argent. Alas! Fimbriated gores have been banned as excessive "thin line heraldry" since August, 1983.

Sterre Cathlin O'Cahan. Device. Vert, in pale a candle argent, enflamed, upon a flat candlestick Or, the latter between two natural rosebuds, slipped and leaved in chevron inverted, argent, all within a mullet of eight points, elongated to base and voided, Or. There are several problems with this device. The voiding of an inherently complex charge like the mullet of eight points is exacerbated by the elongation of the mullet to base and can be considered "thin line heraldry". Not one but three charges are framed within this voided mullet and they are so arranged as to minimize their identifiability. Finally, since the complexity enhances the importance of the mullet and the vert field area therein contained, this does appear to infringe visually upon Grainne ni Dyerree-in-Dowan, cited on the letter of intent ("Sable, on a mullet of seven points Or, voided vert, a garb Or.").

KINGDOM OF THE MIDDLE

Anastasia von der Wilgenhalle. Device. Vert, two lambs dormant respectant and a weeping willow tree eradicated argent. Conflict with Ioseph of Locksley ("Vert, a tree eradicated argent.").

Angelica Paganelli. Device. Gules, on a bend sinister between two angelica blossoms argent, seeded Or, three goblets sable. Under the current rules this conflicts with Stephen Alexeivitch Adashev ("Gules, on a bend sinister argent between a staff entwined of two snakes and a Russian Orthodox cross argent, three pinecones proper.").

Báili na Scolaíri, Shire of. Device. Per chevron throughout purpure and Or, an open scroll vert within a laurel wreath counterchanged Or and vert, in chief two lanterns Or. The name of the group was returned on linguistic grounds in February, 1988, and there must be a name to which the group device can be registered (holding names cannot be generated for groups). Many in the College felt that this device bordered or went beyond the limits of good style for groups and certainly this would be improved if there were only two tinctures involved. In any case the lanterns in chief should be much bigger (which might involve making the laurel wreath slightly smaller).

Emrys ap Gryffidd. Device. Vert, chausse Or, a griffin argent and a chief triangular Or. As several commentors noted, this is in technical conflict with Alanna of Caer du Pard ("Or, on a pile throughout vert, a tower Or on the battlements a snow leopard couchant reguardant proper."). John Patrick of Islington. Device. Chequy gules and argent, a domestic cat's head couped sable. This is, alas, technically in conflict with Elizabeth Karien of the Four Winds, cited on the letter of intent ("Checky argent and vert, a horse's head couped sable."). Were the field completely different in tincture, the two would have been clear, but under the current rules, a point and a half cannot be derived from the difference in type of two heads.

Minna von Lübeck. Device. Gules, a chevron argent between two coneys couchant respectant and a dove statant, its dexter wing expanded, argent, three trefoils slipped vert. Under the current rules, this is a conflict with Merevyn Hanley of Myrkfaelinn ("Gules, on a chevron between two pairs of candles in saltire argent, enflamed Or, and a squirrel sejant erect argent, maintaining in both forepaws an acorn Or."). Crescent is correct in stating that the touches of Or on the secondaries are too insignificant to provide the required extra minor point of difference.

Myfanwy des Levriers. Device. Purpure, a levrier's head couped Or. Under the current rules this is in conflict with Richard of Ravenwolf, cited on the letter of intent ("Sable, a wolf's head erased Or, armed argent, orbed sable."). While the rules allow a minor for the difference between a head couped and a head erased, an comparison of the two emblazons indicated that the primary differences of type between the wolf's head and the alaunt's head here were that the ears were different (one was pricked and the other floppy) and that the wolf's head was open to show the fangs. That did not seem enough to difference the two under our current rules.

Trinovantia, Canton of. Name and device. Quarterly gules and azure, two unicornate sea-pegasi rampant addorsed Or their tails between a laurel wreath argent. Crescent is correct in noting that the name of this group technically falls afoul of the ban on Society names being the same as those of important places in the mundane world. He goes on to note "there is a special allowance for SCA branches to use obsolete names for their territories, so an SCA branch actually in London could call itself Trinovantia --- but noone else may." Ironically, this group is in London, but the wrong one: London, Ontario. Given the mundane location, we suspect that the College would look favourably on a suitably modified name formed in the (late) period manner such as Nova Trinovantia.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Dairine Mor O hUigin. Device. Per bend sinister purpure and argent, issuant from the line of division a demi-unicorn argent and another inverted purpure. White Stag made a stirring presentation in support of this being derived from practises which are more prevalent on the Continent than in England. Unfortunately, a majority of the instances cited on the letter of intent were undated or (at least apparently) dated after our period. Even so, we are perfectly prepared to agree that lines of division derived from counterbalanced indentations in the form of simple charges, such as lime leaves, trefoils, etc. are not incompatible with Society heraldry. However, the only instance adduced which was even vaguely parallel to this animate form was the much simpler arms of Helckner and the earliest date adduced for that depends on Randall Holmes (1688). Given that the usage here is at least one or two levels of complexity deeper than that involved with Helckner, this is just too complex.

Ian of Nightsgate. Device. Sable, on a bend sinister argent, a pellet, overall four swords in cross counterchanged. This was originally returned in September, 1987, for non-period style and conflict with Axel of Taavistia. Both problems still exist. The conflict with Axel derives from the identity of the underlying field and charge (the bend sinister): adding a charge overall is a not uncommon method of cadency and the roundel/swords collocation is visually tantamount to a single unit. The problem with period style, however, is derived from the counterchanged charges overlapping the bend in a non-period manner about a central charge which lies entirely on the bend. It is quite unusual in period to have more than one charge "overall" and when there are multiple charges they are not counterchanged in this manner. We see no reason to amend the original return.

Konrad Lothar. Device. Sable, a chevron between a wolf couchant guardant and four wolf's pawprints in cross, all Or. Conflict with Oliver de Leon de Oro ("Sable, a chevronel between a demi-sun and a lion rampant Or.") and Bainer ("Sable, a chevron Or.", as cited in Papworth, p. 377).

Outlands, Kingdom of. Title for Púca na n-Adharc Herald. The idiom which would make this "Bugbear Herald" or "Pet Peeve Herald" seems to be a modern one. In period, the term would have meant something like "Hobgoblin of the Horn Herald". While it may well be that the lady for whom this title was devised is the good fairy (or "brownie") of the Outlands heraldic bureaucracy, the name seems inappropriate.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Aveline Durand. Device. Per saltire argent and gules, four roses counterchanged, barbed and seeded proper. Vesper did an elaborate defense of this device against that of Hrothgar of Farley ("Per saltire Or and gules, four escallops, points to center, counterchanged."). This was not necessary since complete difference of charge applies here! However, as Seraph noted, the device does conflict with that of Comte de Montauban ("Per saltire argent and gules, in each quarter two roses in pale counterchanged.", as cited in Fabulous Heraldry, p. 36).

Deirdre Maire of Leinster. Device. Argent, on a chevron inverted cotised gules, three crosses fleury argent. Conflict with Adelaide the Grey ("Argent, on a chevron inverted cotised gules, a fleam argent.").

Sofiya Germanovna Tumanova. Device. Or, a pegasus rampant to sinister sable, crined and unguled gules, within a double tressure sable. This submission was returned in January, 1988, for conflict with the badge of Damales Redbeard ("Or, a pegasus volant to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, within a bordure sable."). Vesper has argued that a "properly drawn" pegasus volant will have the body essentially horizontal while the same beast rampant has the body essentially vertical. Unfortunately, there is no standard default depiction for monsters volant in the Society (the issue tends not to arise in mundane heraldry!) and the body position tends to vary somewhat. In point of fact, even the body postures in the example drawings provided with Vesper's letter of intent both had the body position in a primarily bendwise sinister mode, with only the degree of tilt differing. A careful comparison of the emblazons indicated that there was indeed a real conflict which the difference in blazon could not dissipate.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE PENDED:

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Eric of Clan Smith. Name only. As we do not have the "permission to conflict" with regard to House Smith in hand, we cannot tell if this will fall within the permission granted. However, there is a prima facie case that, even if permission to conflict with Smith used as an occupational surname be granted, this would still conflict with House Smith. (Note that on his forms the submittor claims an affiliation with "Clan Smith" and "Clan" and "House" as used here are more an ethnic distinction than a difference).

Sophia de la Mer. Badge. Gules, a seahorse within a bordure argent. As the secondary charge was misblazoned on the letter of intent as an annulet and a considerable proportion of the College checked for conflict on that basis, this submission is pended until the October meeting for further conflict checking.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Wolfram the Smith. Name only. Crescent's use of the technique of reductio ad absurdam is technically superb, just as this name technically conflicts with the registered name of House Smith. We have been informed that permission to conflict with House Smith is forthcoming, but we have not received this in writing from Gwydiaan am y'Gorlwyn so must pend the name.

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