ACCEPTANCES

OCTOBER 1995

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR

Abu Nur Rustam ibn Abdallah. Name change from Corwin Falcone.

His currently registered name, Corwin Falcone, is retained as an alternate persona name; he is exchanging it with his registered alternate persona name.

Adeline vom Schwarzwald. Name and device. Purpure, a griffin couchant and in chief a comet fesswise argent.

Arlindis o Gordon. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, on a roundel a quatrefoil knot within a bordure all counterchanged.

The name is chronologically inconsistent: Arlindis is a Continental Germanic name recorded c. 800, and the byname is mediæval or early modern English. If Arlindis survived to the time of the byname, it probably became something like Arlende or Arlenda in France and Arlant or Arlent in England.

Camilla Murray the Wanderer. Name.

The byname appears to be a modern expression of a period idea. Wydefare is an attested period form, and Camilla Wydefare of Murray comes much closer to being a period combination of the same basic elements.

Clarice Degroot du Mas. Name and device. Azure, three windmills argent and a bordure argent charged with tulips gules.

The name was submitted as Clarice Degroot Dumas, with a double surname that, as noted in the LoI, is hard to justify. If Clarice Dumas, who was rather large, moved to Flanders, she might well have appeared in record as Clarice Dumas de Groote; but because Dumas is a dialectal hybrid, it is harder to justify as a nickname. Nevertheless, a justification seems to be possible. Mas is an Occitan word for an isolated rural house; in its native southern dialect the prepositional phrase is del Mas. The French contraction equivalent to del is du, and Dauzat indicates that the French-Occitan hybrid Dumas is very common in the area of contact between the two dialects (Dictionnaire Étymologique des Noms et Prénoms de France, s.n. Mas). It therefore seems likely that at some point in our period the noun mas and the French form of the definite article were both in common use in some of these border regions, and in that case a Clarice Degroot who took up residence in such a house could presumably have acquired the byname du Mas.

Connor McGuire of Roscommon. Name and device. Argent, a chevron rayonny to chief gules between three gouttes azure.

Cyrus Michel O'Flaherty. Name.

The LoI documented Michel as a surname; however, period use of double surnames of this type has not yet been demonstrated and is inherently unlikely. Since double given names were merely very rare, it is probably better to regard Michel as a variant of Michael.

Dart Dumas. Device. Quarterly argent and sable, in bend sinister three roundels counterchanged.

Darya Kazakova. Name and device. Per pall ermine, sable and gules.

The name was submitted as Darya Kazachkin, with the masculine form of the surname. Since she forbade changes to the surname, we'd have had to return the name; fortunately, after learning of the problem she consulted with Praerie (now Shield) and now requests (through the An Tir CoH) that we substitute the attested Kazakova, loosely translated as `woman who hangs around with Cossacks'; we are happy to oblige. (Given basic similarity of the surnames, the lack of commentary on pended items, and the unlikelihood of a conflict with Darya, we do not see any reason to pend the name. Pelican found neither SCA nor mundane conflicts.)

She has a letter of permission to conflict from Ivan Geronovich, below.

Duncan Angus MacAlpin. Name and device. Or, a catamount passant sable and on a base indented azure a cup argent.

Eiríkr Greyslátr. Name and device. Or, a ferret's head on a chief embattled sable a sword reversed argent.

The byname, a compound of grey `a greyhound, a bitch; a paltry fellow, a coward' and slátr `butcher's meat; meat that has been slaughtered', is clearly derogatory, but so were many Old Norse bynames. A weaker form of the same idea is found in the attested slagakollr `brisket; cut of meat'. (An attested Old Norse byname for a mercenary is heimenningr, from hei `stipend'.)

Elizabeth Blackdane. Name and device. Sable, in pale three bees Or.

Nice armory!

Ériu of Tlachtga. Device. Gules, a unicorn passant argent on a chief rayonny Or three brown bulls' heads caboshed proper.

Please see the accompanying Cover Letter for a discussion of "animals proper".

Gwenhevare of Dunnaskea. Name.

The name was submitted as Gwenhevare of Dun na Sciath, which combines English and Gaelic spelling conventions in a non-period manner. We have therefore substituted an Anglicized spelling of the place-name. (The spelling is hypothetical, constructed from Anglicizations of similar names; we have preferred it to the attested Donaskeagh because it is slightly closer to the submitted form.)

Hartstetten, Shire of. Name.

This is a superb branch name.

Hartwood, Shire of. Device. Vert, on a roundel argent within a laurel wreath Or a hart's head erased sable.

Ivan Geronovich. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, a chief ermine.

He has a letter of permission to conflict from Darya Kazakova, above.

James of Wealdsmere. Name.

Kathryne Elizabeth Gordon. Name and device. Vert, on a bend sinister argent between two Catherine wheels Or an ivy vine vert.

Laurencia des Jardins. Name.

Madailéin nic Sheachnasaigh. Name and device. Gules, a bend argent voided humetty between a harp and a trefoil knot Or.

The name was submitted as Madailéin nic Seachnasaigh; we have added the aspiration caused by the feminine nic.

Mary Zeal. Name and device. Argent, a seal sejant azure.

Mathieu Thibaud Chaudeau de Montblanc. Name.

The name was submitted as Mathieu Thibaud Chaudeau de Mont Blanc; we have slightly modified the place-name to agree with the documentation.

Momiji no Chidori. Name.

Robert Arden. Name.

Rosamund of the Misty Meadows. Household name and badge for House Ravenstream. Barry wavy argent and azure, on a pile argent a raven rising wings displayed holding a crossbow bolt sable.

Regarding noted potential conflicts that could arise from the legitimate alternative blazon of Argent chaussé barry wavy argent and azure, a raven rising wings displayed holding a crossbow bolt sable: Germany, Or, an eagle displayed sable; Bran of Cornwall: Vair, a raven displayed sable; and the Shire of Ravenshore: Per fess argent and azure, a raven rising, wings addorsed sable, maintaining an escallop Or; this submission is clear as follows. Against Germany there is be a CD for the field, and another for posture (rising v. displayed), and yet another for type (ravens and eagles were considered distinct in period heraldry). Versus the Shire of Ravenshore, there is a CD for the field and another for the posture of the wings (addorsed vs. displayed). Against Bran of Cornwall, there is also a CD for the field and another for posture (body bendwise vs. body palewise).

Seagirt, Shire of. Device. Per fess argent and azure, an orca naiant embowed counterembowed proper in chief a laurel wreath vert.

Sigrid Sigurdsdottir. Name.

Sinech ingen Óengusa manaig meicc Senaig Ua Liatháin. Device. Gules, two lion-headed serpents nowed in a wake knot respectant within a bordure Or.

Steinarr Hamarr. Name and device. Per chevron inverted argent and sable, a hammer and two dragons segreant addorsed breathing flames counterchanged.

Watt Kidman. Device. Vert, three goat's hoofprints inverted Or.

Wyll Hauk. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Kudos to the An Tir CoH for noting the possibility of conflict with William of Havoc, which depends on the fact that Middle English hauk derives from Old English hafoc `hawk'. Nevertheless, Hauk and Havoc look and sound significantly different. They are also not really variant forms in a single language: hauk is best viewed in this context as a late Middle or early Modern English translation of the late Old English havoc, and we don't protect translations unless they preserve both the appearance and the sound.

ANSTEORRA

Alasdair MacEogan. Device. Vert, on a chevron sable fimbriated three lozenges palewise argent.

Alasdair MacFhearghuis. Name.

The name was submitted as Alasdair MacFhearghus on the LoI, but the patronymic was correctly spelled on his form.

Aldric de Kerr. Name.

Anastasia de Maris. Name and device. Purpure, three bendlets enhanced and a fleur-de-lys argent.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Title for Candelaio Pursuivant.

This was submitted in the name of the Barony of Wiesenfeuer, but according to the Administrative Handbook, Part I, Registerable Items C.3 (Heraldic Titles), all heraldic titles are registered either to the Society or to the kingdom in which they will be used. This title is therefore registered to the Kingdom of Ansteorra (which may, of course, designate it for the use of the barony). The designator appears as Pursuivant on the form. Candlelaio on the LoI is a typo for Candelaio, a maker or seller of candles or a lantern-bearer.

Bordermarch, Barony of. Name and badge for Order of the Noble Heart of Bordermarch. Argent, a heart gules and a sinister tierce raguly sable.

Though given on the LoI as the Order of the Noble Heart, the name on the form was clearly the Order of the Noble Heart of Bordermarch.

Caleb MacLeod. Name.

Catelin nic Donal of Dalriada. Name.

The name was submitted as Caitlin nic Dhomnhaill na Dalridia on the LoI; she submitted Caitlin Nic Donel of Dalriada. Neither version is registerable unchanged: Dhomnhaill is a typo for Dhomhnaill, and na Dalridia is completely incorrect as a translation of the locative, while her version mixes Gaelic and English spelling conventions. We have therefore preferred to register a form as close as possible to her original submission. Please inform her that Caitlín, borrowed from Old French, probably doesn't predate the Normans, but both Irish and Scottish Dal Riada had effectively ceased to exist by about the end of the ninth century; a Dalriadan Caitlín is therefore well-nigh impossible.

Da'ud ibn Auda. Badge change. [Fieldless] An apple gules slipped and leaved proper.

His currently registered badge, Per bend argent and azure, an apple gules slipped and leaved proper, is released.

Da'ud ibn Auda. Badge change. [Fieldless] A dromedary statant Or.

His currently registered badge, Azure, a dromedary statant distilling from its mouth two gouttes Or, is released.

Daniel de Lincoln. Badge. [Fieldless] A mascle gules.

Versus Hwmffre Hannerdewr, A rustre gules, there is the fieldless CD and a second CD for the difference between a mascle and a rustre. We have no evidence that mascles and rustres were considered interchangeable in period.

Eleanor de Broke. Name and device. Azure, a cross bottony between four roses argent.

This is an excellent mediæval name.

Blazoned in the LoI and drawn on the emblazon as "four-lobed" roses, evidence was presented that the number of petals on roses was not blazoned in period, whether of four petals or more, and so we have blazoned these simply as "roses". As a consequence, we will no longer make a distinction among roses based on the number of petals. As with garden roses, a "rose is a rose", whether of five, six, or four petals.

Elfsea, Barony of. Badge. Per pale azure and argent, on an escallop inverted counterchanged a boar spear fesswise reversed argent hafted proper, a base embattled counterchanged.

Estrill Swet. Device. Per pale Or and purpure, a pantheon passant mullety of four points all counterchanged.

Gearóid Beagán. Name.

The name was submitted as Gearoid Beagan on the LoI, but his form has the missing accents. The Irish don't seem to have used double given names or unmarked patronymics, but beagán `little one; humble, lowly one' can be interpreted as a descriptive byname.

Gunther the Just. Name.

The name was submitted as Gunter the Just on the LoI, but his form has the equally registerable Gunther.

Gwenllian Brighid Hertewelle. Badge. Vert, a roofless stone well argent, a bordure Or.

Hakon Blackhart. Name.

Hacon Blakhert is a likely mediæval English spelling of this name.

Larkin O'Kane. Badge. Per bend sinister azure and argent, an estoile argent and a goutte de sang.

Margaret MacGillivray. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Mathew Sans Gryffyn. Name change from [Maddy the First Born? I think so. - Talan]

The name was submitted as Mathew Sans Griffin on the LoI; his form has Gryffyn. Sans is an old Gascon given name cognate with Spanish Sancho; in the Middle Ages it appears as Sanz. Double given names are a rare, late-period phenomenon in both English and French; but since the feminine Sanchia appears in 16th century English records as Sens and Sence, a late-period English use of Sans is perhaps not quite out of the question. The name would be slightly less implausible as Mathieu Sans Griffon, which contains only documentable French elements. (He does in fact intend the name to mean `Mathew without a griffin'; please suggest that by working with an experienced name herald he might be able to find a period way of expressing the underlying idea behind this byname.)

Ragnar of Ragnars Rock. Name change from Ragnar of Moonschadowe and device. Argent, a chevron rompu sable between three grenades proper.

The name was submitted as Ragnar af Ragnar's Rugga on the LoI, changed at kingdom from Ragnar of Ragnar's Rock to avoid aural conflict with Ragnarök. However, Old Norse rugga is `to rock a cradle or child'. Rock is a rare element in English place-names, usually of post-Conquest origin, but it does occur, so we have registered essentially his original submission, omitting only the modern possessive apostrophe. There should be no confusion with Ragnarök; it is not a place and therefore could not appear in a locative byname. Should he wish the name to be in Old Norse, he might consider Ragnarr af Ragnarssteinni, Ragnarsskeri, Ragnarsklifi, or Ragnarsklettr; since his form indicates that Ragnars Rock is an island, Ragnarsskeri `Ragnar's isolated rock in the sea' would be most appropriate.

Ralf of Oak Lawn the Oxhandler. Device. Vert, on a bend sinister Or between two oak leaves argent a water buffalo's horns and scalp azure.

Rolf the Dane. Name.

The name was submitted as Hrolf the Dane, but the available evidence indicates that Old Norse Hrólfr lost the initial H before it lost the final r, and the Old Danish form was Rolf or Rolw. In accordance with his wishes we have therefore substituted the documented form that best preserves the sound.

Simon Rodbeorhting. Device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, an elk statant to sinister and a lotus blossom in profile counterchanged.

Tana à l'Esprit Fort. Name.

The name was submitted as Tana la à l'esprit fort. Tana is her legal given name, but the byname, which was intended to mean `strong-minded', is completely ungrammatical. We have removed the intrusive definite article to form a byname meaning `with the strong will' on the pattern of the attested aux Grosses treices 1292 `with the large braids'.

Theodore Bernard Gardener. Name.

Although Withycombe puts Theodore out of period in England, a Theodore Hanley was married in 1603 (Bardsley, Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, p. 177 at Chew).

Ulf Gunnarsson. Device. Azure, two harps and a wolf sejant erect guardant argent.

Submitted on the LoI as a "badge", this is simply a resubmission of his earlier device proposal, which was returned February 1994 for non-SCA conflicts which are no longer being protected.

Wiesenfeuer, Barony of. Name for Order of the Lanternarius of Wiesenfeuer.

Though submitted on the LoI as the Order of the Lanternarius, the name on the form was clearly the Order of the Lanternarius of Wiesenfeuer.

ATENVELDT

Armando of One Thousand Eyes. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a branch blasted bendwise sinister vert within a bordure purpure.

Submitted under the name Armando de la Rama Caida.

Bjorn Johansen. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Cassandra Gilchrist. Name.

Charles von Strasburg. Name and device. Vert, three Celtic crosses swallowtailed and a chief embattled Or.

The name was submitted as Charles von Strausbourg, changed in kingdom from Strasburg. Brechenmacher's article on Strassburger notes that the place-name Strasburg is one of its sources, so we have restored the submitter's spelling. The use of French Charles in Alsace is not at all remarkable, and in any case it is his modern given name.

Christjenn Rasmussen af Samsø. Name and device. Argent, a bend sinister gules overall a leopard passant guardant sable marked argent.

The name was submitted as Chrisjahn Rasmussen of Samso on the LoI and as Chrisjähn Rasmussen of Sämsøe on the form, with a note that seems to mean that she would actually prefer the `Danish spelling' og Samsø. Samsø is the usual form of the name, but og is the conjunction `and', so we have substituted the Danish preposition af `of'. Although there is period evidence for considerable variation in the spelling of Christian, none of the available forms loses the t. The documented form closest in pronunciation is Christienn; the commonplace interchange of j and i yields the registered form. Please inform her that this is a man's name in period; the corresponding feminine names are Kristin and Kristina and their spelling variants.

Colin MacDhaibhidh of South Keep. Device. Vert, a chevron rompu ermine.

Einarr inn kristni Hákonsson. Name.

The name was submitted as Einarr Hakonsson in Kristna on the LoI; his form had Einarr Hákonsson in kristna. The byname as submitted means `the female Christian'; either Einarr or his father Hákon would be inn kristni. If the byname is Einarr's, it goes between the given name and the patronymic, making Einarr inn kristni Hákonsson; if it is his father's, it stays where it is, but it must be put into the genitive case, making Einarr Hákonsson ins kristna. The latter is closer to the submitted form, but we strongly suspect that he intended to be `Einar Haconson the Christian' and have registered the name accordingly.

Jonathan de Copeland. Name change from Giancarlo de San Cataldo.

The name would be much more authentic as Jonathas de Copeland (13th century) or Jonathan Copeland (16th century).

Jürgen von Löwenburg. Name.

The umlauts were omitted in the LoI but present on his form.

Kathleen of Stonehaven. Name.

Kathleen does not seem to be a period spelling, but it is her modern given name.

Katrine Eberly. Device. Lozengy argent and vert, a boar's head couped and on a chief sable two pairs of crampons crossed in saltire Or.

Kyne Wynn the Kind. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

This appears to be a possible Middle English name c. 1300; please inform her that at that date Kyne was probably a man's name, though a feminine Kinna 1271 is known.

Lynnette Huntingdon. Name.

Linet seems to be a more authentic period version of the given name.

Meraud de Bariea. Name and device. Per bend sinister lozengy argent and vert and argent, in sinister base a pair of musical notes in bend conjoined sable.

Morgana Quarry. Device. Per chevron sable and azure, a chevron embattled Or between a decrescent, an increscent and a unicorn's head couped contourny argent.

This was pended from the June Laurel meeting.

Phineas Kepler. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Rachel Ravenlock. Device change. Per fess sable and argent, in pale a plate and a sprig of cherries gules slipped and leaved vert all within a bordure counterchanged.

Her currently registered device, Per fess sable and argent, in pale a plate and a sprig of three cherries gules slipped and leaved vert all within a bordure counterchanged, is released.

Rudolph Fekter. Device. Argent, in pale a butterfly and an anvil within a bordure dovetailed sable.

Solomon Malcane. Device. Sable estencely argent, on a plate a wolf sejant ululant contourny gules.

ATLANTIA

Aengus MacPharlain. Name.

The name was submitted as Angus MacPharlain on the LoI, changed at kingdom from Aengus MacPhàrlain. However, Aengus is a Gaelic spelling that occurs at least as late as 1453, and MacPharlain is a standard modern Scots Gaelic spelling of the patronymic, so we are registering the name as submitted (minus the distinctively modern Scots Gaelic accent).

Alesia Gillefalyn. Name.

Alianora Munro. Name and device. Vert semy of hawk's bells, in bend three talbots dormant argent.

Aodhnait of Dun Carraig. Name.

Arianna Morgan. Name.

Bryce de Byram. Name.

This would be excellent as Bryce de Byrom. The place-name is from Old English byrum (dative plural of byre `cowshed'), and the available period evidence from both surnames and place-names consistently shows the vowel of the second syllable as u or o. Byram seems to be only a late-period form, roughly two centuries too late for the preposition.

Chabi of Burkhan Khaldun. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and vert, a reremouse argent.

Please let him know that the bat should not be looking to chief, but should instead be guardant (facing the viewer).

Dubheasa ní Chéirín. Name and device. Gules, on a chevron doubly cotissed Or three frets conjoined azure.

The name was submitted as Dubheasa ní Chéirin; we have added the missing accent to agree with the documentation.

Eleanor of Peregrine Mews. Device. Sable, on a sun Or an eagle's leg couped sable, on a chief indented Or four pellets.

Gwydion Amroth. Name.

Isabeau Cranach. Name and device. Lozengy gules and Or, a raven within a bordure sable.

Isabeau Gower. Device. Per pall inverted gules, sable and argent, two portcullises argent and a maunch gules with a hand proper holding a threaded needle sable.

Blazoned on the LoI as a dextrochère, such blazon is somewhat obscure as well as ambiguous, being emblazonable as either a vested or a bare arm. We have taken the blazon for Mohun used in Parker (under Maunch) as our model here.

Joseph of Aberdeen. Name.

Líadain ní Bhrollacháin. Name.

The name was submitted as Líadain ní Brallaghans, but Brallaghans is an unattested Anglicization of Ó Brol(a)cháin inconsistent with the Irish ní. She allows corrections, and her forms indicate that she wants a Gaelic name, so we have substituted the nearest correct feminine form of the Gaelic patronymic.

Melangell o Bwllglas. Name and device. Per pale argent and Or, three quatrefoils slipped and on a chief vert three roses argent.

The name was submitted as Melangell o Bwll-glas; we have dropped the hyphen, which appears to be a modern usage.

Miriel Macalister. Name and device. Azure, a Latin cross between three escallops argent, a bordure embattled Or.

Morgan Ynys Glanach. Name.

Note that despite the statement in the LoI, the form of the place-name dated to c. 1190 is actually Enislannach.

Richardt von Waldenburg. Name.

The final dt of Richardt is unusual, but Pelican has found a few period examples of dt for the more usual d or t in other, similar names.

Robin Christophe Griffaud. Name and device. Purpure, a griffin couped at the breast wings elevated and addorsed contourny argent within a bordure embattled Or.

Sean Dalamara. Name and device. Vert, in pale three boars passant contourny between flaunches Or.

The name was submitted as Sean de la Mare on the LoI, changed at kingdom from Sean DeLamare; both versions mix Irish and non-Irish spelling conventions in non-period fashion. We have substituted the Irish form of the surname given by Woulfe; the Anglicized Shane Delamare and the French Je(h)an de Lamare would also be fine.

Nice armory.

Spiaggia Levantina, Canton of. Name.

It isn't clear whether this would have been `Eastern Shore' or `Levantine Shore' in period, but either is an acceptable place-name.

Valerian Hildebrand. Device. Gyronny arrondi of six argent and purpure, a catamount statant guardant to sinister, on a chief sable three feline pawprints argent.

CAID

Adriana von Volgelsang. Name change from Adrianna D'Orsay des Hippocampes.

Affelin of Wodende. Device only (see RETURNS for name change). Per fess sable and gules, an owl between three lotus blossoms in profile Or.

Submitted with a name change to Ælflin Wodende.

Alexandra of Aquitaine. Device. Purpure semi-de-lys Or, a crane contourny wings elevated and addorsed argent.

Anastasia NicKay. Name and device. Vert, a cloud with a lightning bolt issuant to base argent, a bordure rayonny Or.

Ancellin Fitzalan of Newe Castle. Name.

Andreas Linkshänder von Rosenfeld. Name change from Andreas Linkshandser von Rosenfeld.

This is what he submitted the first time; it was erroneously changed at kingdom, and none of the commenters noticed the error. (This is clear from the fact that they all omitted the extra s when they typed the name into their LsoC!) This form is probably less idiomatic than the attested Linkehant.

Arthur Knox. Name.

Bonnie of the Angels. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per bend sinister wavy vert and argent, a bend sinister wavy between three fleurs-de-lys and an oak tree erased counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Chrétienne Aingeal nic Chaoindealbháin.

Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme. Augmentation of arms. Azure, on a chief embattled argent a dragon couchant azure winged sable, as an augmentation the dragon maintaining between its forefeet an escutcheon azure charged with four crescents conjoined in saltire, horns outward argent.

A letter of permission from the Crown of Caid for the use of the War Banner of Caid as an augmentation has been received by the Laurel office.

Caelan ap Llwyd. Name and device. Argent, a bend sinister azure overall a equal-armed Celtic cross sable.

The name was submitted as Cáelán ap Llwyd, in which Cáelán is Irish, and the rest, Welsh. There is a reasonable amount of evidence for Welsh/Irish combinations in names, but they should still follow one spelling convention or the other, so we have removed the distinctively Irish accents to produce what Harpy calls a `plausible Welsh borrowing of an Irish given name'.

Cecily Nicole Keighley. Device. Vert, on a pile inverted wavy between two estoiles argent another vert.

Charles of Starkhafen. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a morion and on a chief wavy sable three birds volant bendwise Or.

Submitted with the name Domingo Diego Diaz de la Vega y Martin.

Charles of Starkhafen. Holding name and badge. Checky Or and sable, a saltire raguly gules.

Submitted with the name Domingo Diego Diaz de la Vega y Martin.

Christian de Guerre. Name.

The byname is registerable, since the equivalent de Warre is attested in a different Old French dialect; the usual forms are la Guerre and de la Guerre, however.

Damian von Baden. Device. Gules, a fountain and on a chief Or three musical notes sable.

Dreiburgen, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Long Rangers of Dreiburgen. Argent, three piles inverted palewise azure, overall an arrow fesswise sable.

Dreiburgen, Barony of. Name and badge for the Dreiburgen School of Rapier. Azure, three towers on a chief rayonny argent a swept-hilt rapier reversed azure.

Eógan Cú Chaille. Alternate persona name of Snorri Karlsson.

Finn Mathie. Name.

The name was submitted as Finnr Mathie, but the available evidence indicates that the inflectional ending -r of the masculine nominative singular did not survive removal from the Norse-speaking environment; it is particularly unlikely to have survived in the late-period Scottish setting apparently implied by the surname. Since he allows minor corrections, we have simply dropped it.

Ghislaine d'Auxerre. Badge. [Fieldless] A cross potent engrailed Or.

Some commenters questioned the use of a complex line on an already complex cross. There is sufficient support for such a treatment from period and post-period non-SCA arms (e.g., Peshale, Argent, a cross flory engrailed sable; Cottez, Argent, a cross moline engrailed sable; Peshall, Argent, a cross patty throughout engrailed sable, (these arms also appear to exist with the cross not throughout); Coley, Argent, a cross patty throughout wavy sable; and Cotter, Argent, a cross sarcelly engrailed sable).

Grace Emeline of Ravenswood. Name and device. Azure, in fess a mouse sejant erect contourny argent supporting a chalice Or.

[Stealth Herald insists that, given the relative sizes of the charges and the fact that the mouse's paws are on top of the chalice, the blazon should be Azure, in fess a mouse sejant erect contourny argent being supported by a chalice Or.]

Gwenllian of Rhydodyn. Name.

Ildhafn, Shire of. Name.

This is an excellent early Danish construction from ild `fire', here in the sense `volcanic ground', and hafn `harbor'. It succeeds very well in following period forms and in describing the modern location.

Ishmael of the Wells. Badge. (Fieldless) A camel statant contourny Or.

John of Gyldenholt. Holding name and device. Gules, on a lion rampant between three mullets of four points elongated to base Or a Celtic cross sable.

Submitted under the name Conchobhar Ó Faoláin, which was returned in the July 1995 LoAR.

Joseph of Dreiburgen. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, on a bend sinister argent between two wolves couchant bendwise sinister argent a wolf couchant sable.

Submitted as Seòsaidh Frangan MacFaolchiar.

Justin Saint Clair. Name.

This was submitted as Justin St. Clair, but the College registers the full form rather than the scribal abbreviation. The submitter is, of course, well within his rights to use either form.

Loinseach Mac an Leisdeir. Name.

The name was submitted as Loinseach Mac an Leastair; we have corrected the spelling of the patronymic to match the documentation.

Lughaid Cnuachd Dharaich mac Aonghuis Dhuibh. Device. Or, a raven regardant sable perched on a whelk fesswise reversed azure and between in chief two crescents gules.

Luther Anshelm. Device change. Per bend Or and azure semy of crescents counterchanged.

His currently registered device, Per bend Or and azure, a winged great-helm affronty wings displayed sable between two crescents counterchanged, is released.

Marcel Longueville. Name.

No one was able to justify Lougueville, the surname that he would really like; the closest suggestion was Louville.

Miguel Esteban Franco de Los Rios. Name and device. Barry wavy azure and argent, on a bend gules three towers triple-towered palewise Or.

Mikjal Haraldson. Name and device. Argent, two chevronels vert in base a tower sable.

Mikjal Haraldsson is the usual Old Norse form, but there are a few examples showing loss of the genitive marker -s.

Muireann inghean Eoghain uí Maoilmheana. Name.

The name was submitted as Muireann Ingen Eoghain uí Maoilmheana. The early spelling of ingen (which should not be capitalized) is inconsistent with the late-period or modern Irish spellings of the rest of the name, so we have substituted the later spelling inghean. (When earlier Eogan came to be written Eoghan, ingen, which contained the same sound, similarly became inghean.)

Nigel the Byzantine. Device. Purpure bezanty and a bordure Or.

Nigel the Byzantine. Badge. Purpure bezanty and a chief Or.

Patrick MacFynn. Name and device. Per chevron vert and azure, a chevron argent between two natural dolphins embowed respectant Or and a water wheel argent.

The name was submitted as Patrick MacFinn on the LoI, changed at kingdom from Patrick MacFynn. We have restored the submitter's version, since in mediæval and early modern English the spellings are interchangeable. Neither is a plausible Anglicization of Irish Pádraig Mac Fhinn, since the Fh is silent; they would represent an unattested unaspirated variant, Mac Finn. (Predictably, the near-period Anglicization M'Iyn and the modern forms Mac Kinn and Mac King show no trace of the F.) However, a number of other patronymics exist in both aspirated and unaspirated forms, so we are giving Mac Finn the benefit of the doubt.

Philippe de Tournay. Device. Sable, a chevron gules fimbriated between three pairs of compasses Or, in base a reremouse argent.

Rafaela Bianca Manciata. Name and device. Sable, a saltire of chain Or overall a pair of wings conjoined in lure argent.

Renard de l'Arc. Badge. Per pale azure and gules, a salade reversed and on a chief embattled argent a Roman numeral "X" sable.

Rufus MacDaniel. Device. Azure, a compass rose and a chief enarched Or.

Thomas Blackswann the Lefthand. Name.

Submitted as Thomas Blackswann the Lefthanded. The black swan was proverbially a rare or unique creature, so a surname Blackswann from a mediæval nickname Blakswann is not unreasonable. Lefthanded doesn't follow the syntactic pattern of attested period nicknames, and the combination of late hereditary surname and descriptive byname (or pair of descriptive bynames in late spellings) is also anomalous. Since he allows minor changes, we have removed one anomaly by substituting the attested form Lefthand.

Toirdhealbhach MacSiúrtáin. Name.

Tonwen ferch Gruffudd Aur. Badge. (Fieldless) A garter buckled in annulo vert, garnished, inscribed with the words cyfiawnder, callineb, gwroldeb, dirwest Or.

Trahaearn O Connachtaigh. Name.

The name was submitted as Trahaearn Ó Connachtaigh, which combines Welsh and Irish spelling codes. In this case, however, there appears to be a slight possibility that without the accent the patronymic would not be completely incompatible with Welsh orthography, so we have given it the benefit of the doubt.

Wilhelm of Thunderhall. Device. Quarterly purpure and sable, a Celtic cross between three dragons courant in annulo each biting the tail of the next Or.

Wolfgang von Voss. Device. Per chevron vert and azure, a fox courant and in base a caltrap argent.

MERIDIES

Ariadne Ravenna. Name.

The name was submitted as Ariadne of Ravenna on the LoI; it was changed at kingdom for want of evidence that Ravenna was a surname. We have restored the submitted form on the basis of a mention at Fucilla, Our Italian Surnames, p. 107; Ariadna Ravennas would be a completely Latin form of the name.

Catherine Lacy de la Roche. Name.

Daphne of Colchester. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Though unattested in English use, Daphne seems to be of the same stamp as a number of other unusual feminine names found in English records c. 1200; see Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, pp. xl-xli.

John of Blackmoor Woods. Device. Argent, on a chevron azure between three Latin crosses bottony gules five oak leaves palewise Or.

Ophelia of Bavaria. Name and device. Quarterly sable and purpure, in bend two escarbuncles argent.

The name was submitted as Ophelia aus Bavaria, but Bavaria is the English name of the region, so we have substituted the English preposition to put the locative phrase into a single language. The corresponding German version of the name is Ophelia von Bayern, and a more idiomatic German form is simply Ophelia Bayerin `Ophelia [the] Bavarian woman'.

Phillip of An Dun Theine. Name.

An Dun Theine is the registered name of his branch.

Ronan ap Morgan. Household name and badge for House Morgan. [Fieldless] On a sun Or, a heart per pale azure and sable.

The household name is clear of House Morgenwind, mentioned in the LoI, either by RfS V.2.a (Difference of Descriptive Elements), if Morgenwind is thought of as a single word, or by RfS V.2.c (Conflict of Names with Different Numbers of Elements), if it is thought of as two elements, `morning-wind'.

William de Marmoutier. Device. Per chevron gules and sable, a chevron checky Or and sable between three torches flammant Or.

MIDDLE

Ealdormere, Principality of. Badge. [Fieldless] A wing terminating in a hand argent maintaining a sword fesswise reversed Or.

Versus Dante Alighieri, Azure, a sinister wing argent, there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for what amounts to rotating the primary charge 90 (from basically palewise to basically fesswise).

Ealdormere, Principality of. Badge (see RETURNS for order name). Purpure, a trillium argent barbed and seeded vert within a bordure embattled argent.

This had been submitted with the name for the Fellowship of the Trillium.

Geraint FitzStephen. Name and device. Vert, a chevron embattled counter-embattled and on a chief Or an arrow vert.

Iain McConnor McCrimmon of Lymavady. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

This name is registerable only with the aid of much benefit of the doubt. The main difficulty is with the locative. Lymavady is a (reasonable) variant of the more usual Limavady, an Anglicization of Léim an Mhadaigh `leap of the dog'; it is a corruption of some earlier name or perhaps a reference to some local legend. The town itself is not period: according to the Encyclopædia Britannica it dates from the Ulster plantation of the early 17th century. However, according to Room (Dictionary of Place-Names in the British Isles) the name originally referred to `the site of a former castle' two miles away. On the one hand this indicates that in some form the name is period; but on the other, the choice of words suggests that by the end of our period the castle was no longer standing, and the site was uninhabited. Presumably it was inhabited at some point; but there is a good chance that at that time it had a different name. There is therefore a good chance that although Lymavady is the English form of a period place-name, it is not the name of a period place of habitation.

There are other less serious oddities. The rest of the name is Anglicized, but Iain is Scots Gaelic. Its usual phonetic English transcription seems to have been Ean in our period; Iain is not evidenced, but it may not be quite impossible in terms of 16th century English orthography. Finally, the combination of elements is incongruous, most notably because Limavady is in Ireland, but Iain is distinctively Scottish.

Leonora of Monadh. Name and device. Vert, three lilies and a bordure Or.

Monadh is the registered name of her branch.

Versus Minowara Kiritsubo, Vert, a calla lily blossom proper within a bordure Or, there are CDs for the number of primary charges and for their tincture; a calla lily blossom proper is argent, stamened Or.

Marcan O Brien. Name and device. Gules, three buckets Or within a bordure counter-compony Or and sable.

This is a reasonable Anglicization of Irish Marcán Ó Briain. It was noted in commentary that the Irish name itself conflicts aurally with Morgan O'Breen (4/92); the normal English pronunciations of Marcan O Brien and Morgan O'Breen are significantly different, however, and it is on the basis of these usual pronunciations that we must judge possible aural conflict.

[ "There's a hole in the documentation, dear Marcan, dear Marcan, A hole in the documentation, dear Marcan, a hole." ] Buckets have not previously been registered in the SCA. As the defining instance, we normally require extra documentation for a new charge. Fortunately, Parker, p. 79, and Elvin, pl. 39, document something very close to what is drawn here as a bucket. These are, indeed, quite identifiable as buckets, and the term itself is period. Given that buckets may be made from wood, leather, and metal, we have determined that the default bucket is the wooden one; leather or metal buckets must be so specified.

Middle, Kingdom of the. Name for Order of the Red Company.

This had been returned in the September 1995 LoAR for lack of the submission form. That having now been received by Laurel, and that having been the only bar to registration, we can now register this.

Nicolae Cioran. Name and device. Quarterly argent and gules, a griffin segreant coward counterchanged.

We regret that no one was able to help him document a period Rumanian form of his modern surname Cioran.

Robert le Sawer. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

This is a wonderfully authentic mediæval English name.

Thevenin a la Cotte d'Azur. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The name was submitted as Thevenin de la Cote d'Azure with the intended meaning `Thevenin of the Blue Coat'. Modern French cote is `quota'; we have replaced it with cotte, which in Old French meant `tunic'; this sense survives in the phrase cotte d'armes `coat of arms, surcoat'. We have also corrected the spelling of azur and substituted a more idiomatic preposition.

TRIMARIS

Adsiltia filia Honorii. Badge. [Fieldless] On an open scroll bendwise argent an acorn proper.

Akilina Ioanna Rostislavova. Device. Quarterly azure ermined argent and sable, a Russian wolfhound courant bendwise between in bend sinister two gamecocks argent.

This was pended from the June Laurel meeting.

Branwen ferch Rhodri Gwynedd. Name and device. Purpure, a cat sejant argent with a lightning bolt in its mouth Or in chief a cloud argent.

Eric of Telemark. Augmentation of arms. Azure, a ram's head cabossed between six axes in annulo argent between, as an augmentation, three triskeles argent each charged with a tau cross azure.

Gareth de Mountayne. Device. Vert, a lymphad sail furled Or within a bordure dovetailed argent.

Versus Vladimir ap Gwynne, Vert, a lymphad, sails furled, oars in action, Or, flying three pennants, overall a bear passant to sinister argent, a visual check showed the bear to be quite plainly where an "overall" charge would be expected to be, over the hull and lower part of the sail of the ship. Thus, there is a CD for removing the overall charge and another for addition of the bordure here.

Gianetta di Remigio Welser. Badge. [Fieldless] A goutte per pale wavy argent and azure.

Isabeau de Mont Saint Michel. Name and device. Azure, on a bend cotised between a sun in his splendor and two crosses crosslet fitchy Or three fleurs-de-lys azure.

Sara Littel of Denby Dale. Name.

Stevyn of Beinn nam faoghla. Badge. [Fieldless] On a blackthorn leaf vert an increscent argent.

Versus Aleri of Nefyn, On an oak leaf vert, a hand argent, there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for the type of leaf. A blackthorn leaf has a very different shape from an oak leaf, and can be granted a CD accordingly.

WEST

Bryniaid, Shire of. Device. Per chevron Or and vert, two chalices vert and a flaming brazier within a laurel wreath Or.

The question arose in commentary about when an arrangement such as this is "slot machine" heraldry in violation of the strictures of RfS VIII.1.a., and when it is not. There really is not a hard a fast rule one can give as an answer. In general, however, if all of the charges in a group (here, a primary group) are of equal visual "weight", then the arrangement will usually be considered to be that of three or more different types of charge in a single group. If, however, as here, the charges do not have the same visual "weight" (here, for example, the laurel wreath does not have the same visual weight as the other charges), then it usually will be considered to not violate VIII.1.a.

I realize that this is not an entirely happy ruling. The alternatives, however, are to either rule that all such arrangements of charges violate VIII.1.a., even when the visual weight of the various charges is quite different, or to rule that none of such arrangements violate VIII.1.a., even when all the charges are of clearly similar or identical visual weight. Either of these choices would "straightjacket" the College more than I believe the we would be comfortable.

Dubhán Mac Thomais. Name and device. Azure, on a chevron embattled between three mullets of seven points argent, four mullets of seven points sable.

The name was submitted as Dubhán MacOmish, which combines Gaelic and English orthographies in a non-period fashion. MacOmish is an English phonetic rendering of Gaelic Mac Thomais. Since he allows minor changes and is least concerned about the spelling of the name, we have substituted the Gaelic spelling; the correct pronunciation is very similar. (Dovan or Duan MacOmish would be reasonable completely Anglicized forms of the name.)

Dubhán Mac Thomais. Badge. Per pale argent and vert, two chevronels braced sable and in chief an annulet Or.

Erzsébeta Magdaléna. Name change from Ríoghán Ó Maoileoin.

The name was submitted as Erzsébeta Magdalena; we have added the accent to match the documentation for the Hungarian form of Magdalena. Contrary to the submitter's belief, the given name here is Magdaléna; Erzsébeta is a metronymic. Its normal Hungarian form is Erzsébet; the final -a is undocumented. It was justified in the LoI as a `Latinization', but this isn't really very convincing: one would expect a true Latinization to get closer to the Latin Elizabetha. We are giving it the benefit of the doubt on the basis of Polish Elzbieta (with a dot over the z); the languages are neighbors, and the possibility of a Hungarian variant incorporating the Polish -a isn't obviously unreasonable.

François Dragonet of Darkstone Castle. Device. Per pale gules and azure, a castle argent between three fleurs-de-lis Or.

Gabriella di Ravenna. Device. Gules, a bend between two decrescents Or.

Nice armory!

Isabeau Marguerite Deschamps. Name.

Rígnach of Argyll. Name.

The byname is registerable by virtue of the lingua anglica allowance. It appears that Rígnach Airir Gáidel would be an early Irish version of the name.

RETURNSPage OCTOBER 1995THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

AN TIR

Esperanza Razzolini d'Asolo. Badge. [Fieldless] A mullet Or charged with a fleur-de-lys florency between five daggers points outwards sable.

Conflict with Wilhelm von Sussberg, Gules, a mullet couped Or charged with a mullet between five swords tips to center sable hilted gules. A visual review of Wilhelm's device shows that just the tips of each point of the primary mullet are missing; certainly not enough to change the outline significantly. As a consequence, there is only the fieldless CD here.

There is additionally a question of style. None of the commenters could find a similar motif: a primary charged with a tertiary X and a group of five tertiary Y's. Barring documentation of such an arrangement of tertiary charges, we believe that the motif is not a period one and therefore unregistrable.

Gentle Dirk. Device. Per bend sinister enarched to base Or and gules, a dagger inverted sable transfixing an open book argent.

No period exemplars were noted which bent a line of division to base in this way. All of the examples noted were enarched to chief. Enarching a line of division to base in this manner does not appear to be compatible with period style.

Further, with the book overlying much of the line of division here, it was very difficult to determine just what it was. As a consequence, identifiability suffered sufficiently to warrant a return on those grounds alone.

Siward Kestle. Device. Or, a castle and in chief three mullets inverted purpure.

The mullets in chief are not in fess; neither are they one and two or in chevron. They do, however, come far too close to the disallowed arch of charges to be registered. This is being returned for redrawing with the mullets either in fess or in a clear one and two or in chevron.

Wyll Hauk. Device. Argent, within a vol an eagle's head erased gules.

Visual conflict with John Milton, Argent, a double-headed eagle displayed gules, and Brandenburg, Argent, an eagle displayed gules crowned Or. While there is sufficient technical difference between them, the overwhelming visual similarities (here, that of an eagle with the tail and legs missing, as well as a little bit of the neck), especially against Brandenburg (which is usually drawn in a German style, closer to the charges here than the usual English style), are simply too much to allow registration.

The discussion by some commenters regarding kleestengeln was not entirely on point; the College has always treated kleestengeln as an artistic difference, not the addition (or removal) of tertiary charges, especially as in many cases in period they seem to have been drawn on or left off at the discretion of the artist.

ANSTEORRA

Adelicia Gilwell. Badge. [Fieldless] A Catherine's wheel gules.

Conflict with Iathus of Scara, Ermine, a cog wheel gules. There is the fieldless CD, but a visual comparison showed that the only difference between the two wheels is the shape of the "bumps" on the outer edge.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Badge for Hospitaler's office. Or, on a mullet of five greater and five lesser points sable a lantern dependant from a cubit arm fesswise argent.

Conflict with David of Mecca, Or, on a sun sable, a sword argent, all within a bordure embattled sable and with Astra Christiana Benedict, On a mullet a cross crosslet. Against David of Mecca there is a CD for removing the bordure. The tertiary charges here, however, are a single visual unit, so there is not a CD for changing type and number of tertiaries, and multi-pointed mullets and suns are not considered voidable charges, so X.4.j.ii. does not apply to grant a CD for significant change to type only. Versus Astra Christiana Benedict, there is only the fieldless CD, because as above there is no CD for the change to type of the tertiary charge, and mullets of five greater and five less points are not seen as sufficiently different from the default mullet (of five points) to grant a CD between them.

Gita Ameena al-Rashida. Badge. [Fieldless] A wyvern statant dexter claw elevated azure.

Conflict with Eadwine be Bocce Sele, Ermine, a wyvern undulant erect bendwise, wings elevated and addorsed, azure, orbed, langued, armed and spined Or, grasping in both legs a partly open book bendwise argent, bound gules, clasped Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness, but a visual comparison of the emblazons showed no other CDs, either for posture (which was identical but for the embowing of the neck and tail) or literary interests.

Margaret MacGillivray. Device. Or, a fox sejant gules, a chief raguly purpure.

As no forms were included in the packet, we must return this device.

Robin of Gilwell. Badge. [Fieldless] An owl contourny argent.

Conflict with Elaine d'Hibou, Per bend vert and Or, an owl close to sinister argent. There is only the fieldless CD.

ATENVELDT

Albert Faulke of Sandford. Device. Per bend sinister azure and counter-ermine, a bend sinister argent.

Conflict with Rhianwen o Enrys Disberod, Per bend sinister gules ermined argent and gules, a bend sinister argent. There is only one CD for the changes to the field.

Armando de la Rama Caida. Name.

Most of those who commented on the byname, which means `of the fallen branch', found it implausible, and in fact it departs from available models of period Spanish bynames in both form and meaning. In the available period examples of the form de <article> <object>, the object of the preposition is an unmodified noun. Moreover, such bynames seem to correspond semantically to Middle English bynames with atte and with the: de la Puente and atte Brigge `at the bridge'; de los Mulos `of the mules' and Withehounds `with the hounds' (occupational, for a handler); de la Calza `of the hose' and Wythemantel `with the cloak'; and de illa Fornera `of the (female) baker' (for a son, servant, or husband) and atte Maydenes (for a servant of the maidens). Fallen branches are both ordinary and ephemeral; it is hard to see how anyone would have come to be known either for having a noteworthy fallen branch (`with the fallen branch') or for living near one (`at the fallen branch').

Perhaps la Rama Caída can be justified as the name of an establishment; but at present we have no evidence for Spanish use of sign names, let alone their nature. It is even possible that an acceptable case could be made for the stylistically more authentic de la Rama as a locative. But these cases have not been made, so for now at least we must return the name.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Armando of One Thousand Eyes.

Bjorn Johansen. Device. Per chevron inverted Or and gules, a bunch of grapes purpure slipped and leaved vert and two lions combattant Or within a bordure embattled argent.

The line of division here is drawn far to high on the shield to be truly considered per chevron inverted. As it is, it issues nearly from the corners of the chief (which means that it is not a chief triangular, either). This needs to be redrawn with a more clearly per chevron inverted line of division, with the line of division issuing from farther down the flanks of the shield, or as a chief triangular, with the line of division issuing from the corners of the chief.

Cecille Marie Gabryell Geneviève du Mont. Name and device. Or, a chevron disjoint purpure between three Latin crosses clechy and a pine tree couped vert.

(The accent was omitted in the LoI but was present on her form.) On the 2/94 LoAR Laurel returned the name Jerónimo Alexandre José Vicente de Cabral (Caid) because there was no documentation for the use of four given names in Portuguese, and this seemed a bit much even for the Iberian Peninsula. The same is true of French: four given names goes well beyond documented French usage even at the very end of our period. For that matter, we have no evidence of French use of five-element names of any kind; until such evidence is presented, we are extending the existing ban on five-element names in English (Catherine Elizabeth Holly Winthrop of Lincolnshire, Caid, 7/92 LoAR), Italian (Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento, Ansteorra, 9/92 LoAR), and German (Susanna Elizabeth Marie Wiegner von Kassel, Trimaris, 10/92 LoAR) to include French as well. You might also suggest that a French spelling of Gabryell would be more in keeping with the other name elements.

Given only two prior SCA registrations, and the fact that the earliest documentary evidence outside the SCA for the charge dates from the last half of the Seventeenth Century, we feel that we need more support for the chevron disjoint as a period or at least SCA-compatible charge before we register it again.

Ja'mala Junaida al-Badawi. Name and device. Per bend azure and sable, a sword inverted bendwise sinister between three compass stars elongated to base argent.

The given names are unattested, but their formation from masculine Ja'mal and Junaid follows a common Arabic pattern, and we would give them the benefit of the doubt. Unfortunately, none of the Arabic-speaking peoples seems to have used double given names, and this practice has been grounds for return in the past (Nasr Hasan ibn Muhammad Abdullaziz, Calontir, 11/93 LoAR). Since she permits only spelling corrections, we must return the name. Ja'mala bint Junaid al-Badawi `Ja'mala daughter of Junaid the Bedouin' would be acceptable, as would Ja'mala al-Badawiyya `Ja'mala the (female) Bedouin'. (Note that metronymics were not used in Arabic, so Ja'mala bint Junaida would not be acceptable.)

As no device forms were found in the packet sent to Laurel, we are having to return the device.

Kyne Wynn the Kind. Device. Azure, a heart between two rapiers inverted in pile, a chief invected argent.

As noted in both the LoI and by many of the commenters, the complex line of division on the chief is far too shallow. Additionally, the rapiers are not in pile, yet neither are they palewise or any other blazonable orientation. This must be returned for redrawing.

Masala a Laon. Name.

Although the name appeared as Masala a Laon in the LoI, her form has Masala A'Laon. The byname is intended to be the French locative expression à Laon `at or to Laon'; this certainly could have appeared as a Laon in period, but A'Laon is impossible. This is sufficient reason to return the name, since she allows no changes, but there are other problems. First, the 11/90 registration of à Laon to Layla Dragon à Laon may have been an error; no one has found any evidence for the use of the preposition à in locative bynames of this type. And secondly, mixed Arabic/French names are at best problematical. On the one hand Arabic/Spanish names are well-attested; on the other, Krista al Kamil (West) was returned on the 5/94 LoAR for want of evidence for Swiss/Arabic names. And since Laon is in the north of France, this Arabic/French hybrid is hardly less improbable.

Phineas Kepler. Device. Sable, three hearts in pall points outward Or, issuant from each point a serpent argent.

A number of the commenters encountered a lot of difficulty in coming up with a blazon which would accurately describe and reproduce the design. The amount of difficulty experienced is an indication of its poor, or at least non-period style. As a consequence, we must return this per RfS VII.7.a. (Identification Requirement) and VII.7.b. (Reconstruction Requirement). [The cross gringoly, cited in the LoI, appears to be unattested in armory, making it not the best justification for this design.]

ATLANTIA

None!

CAID

Ælflin Wodende. Name change from Affelin of Wodende.

Listed on the LoI as an appeal of a Laurel respelling, because the submitter is changing the construction of the given and dropping the particle, this should really be classified as a name change. (She isn't appealing the Laurel change, she's making changes of her own.)

The byname is fine. The diminutive suffix -(e)lin, however, is of Continental Germanic (CG) origin, and no one found any evidence for its use in Old English. The prototheme Ælf-, on the other hand, is only Old English; its CG cognate is Alb-, Alp-, Alv-, Alf-. The CG diminutive Alflin would be entirely acceptable and indeed is attested by Morlet in the form Albilinus; but since she allows no changes, we must return the name.

Bronwen MacFaolchiar. Name.

There are several problems with this name. The surname is a hypothetical compound of Gaelic faol `wolf' and ciar `dusky, black'; both elements are used in compound Gaelic personal names of this type, so the basic idea is sound. It appears, however, that the name would be Faolciar in the nominative case and Faoilchéire in the genitive case after Mac. (The compound could also be formed in the opposite order, making Ciarfhaol and Mac Ciarfhaoil; indeed, this construction seems to be slightly more common.) In any case, it is clearly intended to be Gaelic, so it must be put into its feminine form after the feminine given name: Nic Fhaoilchéire (or Nic Chiarfhaoil). The given name, however, is spelled in a manner incompatible with the Irish orthography of the surname, since Irish lacks the w, and it's not clear how it would have been rendered by an Irish scribe. Perhaps the likeliest possibility is the feminine given name Broinninn, which seems to be its Irish cognate, but we're not willing to make that big a change in the given name. The other possibility is to Anglicize the surname to match the given name; M'Fyllaghery is a reasonable late-period version extrapolated from attested Anglicizations. But Anglicizing the name obscures its meaning as a compound; since she allows only changes preserving the meaning, we are unwilling to make this change either and must therefore return the name.

Caid, Kingdom of. Title for Vox Draconis Pursuivant.

The previous version, Dragon's Voice Pursuivant, was returned 3/95 for failure to emulate period models as required by RfS III.2.b.iii; translation into Latin doesn't bring it any closer. It was suggested that it might derive from a motto Vox draconis sum `I am the voice of the dragon', but the period examples noted all comprise the entire motto, and no evidence was presented that Vox draconis sum is a reasonable imitation of a period motto.

Chrétienne Aingeal nic Chaoindealbháin. Name.

There is no more evidence for mixing French and Gaelic spelling conventions than there is for mixing those of English and Gaelic, so one convention or the other must be used throughout. A wholly Irish version of the name would be Cristín or Cristíona Aingeal Ní Chaoindealbháin. (Note that nic Chaoindealbháin was the kingdom's feminization of the submitter's Ó Caoindealbháin; the usual feminine equivalent is Ní Chaoindealbháin.) This has its own problem in that Irish does not appear to have used double given names in period, but aingeal `angel' may be justifiable as a nickname. A wholly English version would be Christian(a) Angela O Quinelane, which is almost as implausible: Angela isn't actually attested in period English names, though a case can probably be made for it, and double given names are rare in English even at the end of our period, especially for women. To produce a French version of the name one would have to discover how Irish names were recorded in French records.

We consider that the change in sound from Chrétienne to Cristín goes beyond the minor changes allowed by the submitter, and any other change that would make the name even marginally acceptable is even greater, so we are returning the name for further work.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Bonnie of the Angels.

Domingo Diego Diaz de la Vega y Martin. Name.

This name, with two given names and three surnames, is significantly more complex than any available documented Spanish name; since he permits no changes, we are returning it so that he can drop (at least) one surname or provide evidence for such a construction.

The accompanying device and badge were registered under the holding name Charles of Starkhafen.

Seòsaidh Frangan MacFaolchiar. Name.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Joseph of Dreiburgen.

Sven Örfendur. Device. Argent, a sloth pendent contourny from a branch couped sable.

RfS VIII.4.c. notes that "Excessively naturalistic use of otherwise acceptable charges may not be registered. Excessively natural designs include those that depict animate objects in unheraldic postures, ..." The sloth here appears to be simply a photocopy of a drawing of the natural animal. It is certainly in no heraldic posture, even inverted, and no one was able to suggest either (1) a blazonable posture for it, or (2) that this would be the default posture for a sloth.

RfS VII.7.a. notes "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." Here, several commenters thought that the charge was of a beast's head with very large ears before hearing the blazon.

This must be returned for both identifiability and excessively naturalistic depiction.

DRACHENWALD

Alain de La Rochelle. Device. Azure, on a bend between a sword argent and a Latin cross Or a greyhound rampant sable.