LoAR

of the College of Arms
of the
Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

June 1996



THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR Elisabetta Gabrieli. Name and device. Per pale raguly argent and azure semy of estoiles argent, a raven rising to sinister wings addorsed sable and a moon in her complement argent.

Eoin Mac Leòd. Badge only (see RETURNS for household name). Per fess gules and purpure all semy of natural sea turtles argent.

Esmeralda Ravenna of Blackwater. Name.
The English locative is very unlikely with an otherwise Italian name.

Jamesina O'Shanahan. Badge. [Fieldless] A snowflake vert.
Her device incorporates the snowflake, so she is entitled to it here by application of the Grandfather Clause.

Lüold von Sonnenthal. Name and device. Or, a dragon sejant and on a chief embattled gules three suns Or.
Versus Waldemar Kendric Tavenor, Or, a wyvern passant vert bellied and wings displayed on a chief embattled gules three crescents Or, there is a CD (per RfS X.4.j.ii.) for the change to type of tertiaries and another for the posture of the primary (we have generally given a CD for the difference on a primary charge between wings elevated and addorsed and wings displayed).

Maryn Grey. Name and device. Per pale vert and sable, six wheat stalks fretted Or.

Miriam de Xaintrailles. Device. Per chevron azure and Or, issuant from chief a demi-sun Or and a border argent semy-de-lys sable.

Three Mountains, Barony of. Name for Ordo Aegidis Honoris only (see RETURNS for badge).
The order name was submitted as Ordo Aegis Honoris, intended to mean "Order of the Shield of Honor". In this construction aegis "shield" must go into the genitive case, and we have made the appropriate adjustment.

Three Mountains, Barony of. Name and badge for Order of Three Mountains. Azure, a sunburst Or and a chief indented of three points argent.

CAID

Branwen ferch Dafydd. Name and device. Or, a pale gules overall a arrow Or winged sable.
Note that for all its popularity in the SCA, Branwen has not yet been shown to have been used by human beings in our period.

Caoimhinn NíEoin UíDheoradhán. Name.

Daria Angela Fiore. Device. Sable, on a pale bretessed between a pair of wings inverted Or three roses gules.

Fallan of Hathyrwyk. Name and device. Azure, on a bend cotised argent three thistles palewise proper, in chief a cross of four lozenges argent.
The given name was submitted as Fallon on the basis of a statement by óCorrán & Maguire that the Irish name Faithleann could be so Anglicized. This is in fact a reasonable modern Anglicization, but it doesn t fit period phonetic values nearly so well. The evidence of the most closely comparable period Anglicizations suggests that Fallen and Fallan are much likelier, especially the former; but sensible of the obvious objection thereto, we have chosen what is probably the less characteristic form.

Morgana Elisabetta da Rosate. Name change from Morgana Ravenscrest only (see RETURNS for badge).
The name was submitted as Morgana Elisabetta di Rosatti, changed at kingdom to Morgana Elisabéta Rosatti. There is no evidence of period use of Morgana in Italy (or anywhere else), and its use would normally be grounds for return; in this case, however, it is no more inauthentic in an Italian context than it is in English, so it is Grandfathered to the submitter. We have deleted the accent in the second given name; it was added by De Felice to indicate the correct pronunciation and is not normally written. It appears from the submitter's form that she intended di Rosatti as a locative. The specific form Rosatti is not documented, but it can probably be justified as a variant of Rosatto, from Rosa; this surname, however, is not locative. On the other hand, Rosate is a place-name, one source of the surname Rosati. We have therefore registered the surname in the locative form da Rosate as being closer to the submitter's intent. Her currently registered name is retained as an alternate persona name.

Muireann inghean Eoghain uíMaoilmheana. Device. Gules, a salmon embowed within a bordure Or.

Nygell Carruthers. Name.

Padraic the Fierce. Alternate persona name Padraic Fraochdha Idheach only (see RETURNS for badge).
The name was submitted as Padraic Fraochmhar na Iona on the LoI, changed at kingdom from Padraic Fráchda na Iona. Since fraochda is definitely a period word meaning "raging, furious, fierce", we have essentially restored the submitter's form. (We have dropped the accent that appears to belong only with the older spelling fráchda, and we have indicated the aspiration of the d for consistency with the locative that follows.) The byname na Iona was intended to mean "of Iona". However, in Gaelic the island is or Choluim Chille, and Watson (The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland, p.89) gives Idheach as the modern Gaelic word for a man of Iona , from Idhe, the genitive of . The submitter indicates that he is most interested in the meaning of the name; since Idheach is the only documentable Gaelic version of the locative available, we have made a considerable change in sound in order to preserve the desired meaning. (Idheach appears to be pronounced roughly "EE-akh".)

Saint Artemas, College of. Badge. Vert, two arrows in saltire between in fess two goblets, a bordure Or.

Sean Michael Reade and Tegan of Rolaie Halle. Household name Reade Halle.

Richenda Elizabeth Coffin. Name and device. Gules, on a bend between two daffodils slipped and leaved Or, three crosses bottony palewise gules.
The name is extremely unlikely. The use of two given names places it in the 16th century, while Richenda seems to have passed out of use during the Middle Ages before being occasionally resurrected after the end of our period.

Seannait níNéll. Name.
The name was submitted as Seannat Aoibheall uíNéll. Seannat is a hypothetical feminization along well-documented lines of Seaná, a name formed as a masculine diminutive of sean "ancient, old". (We have used the later form of the feminine diminutive suffix to match the other spellings.) It appears that uíNéll was substituted at kingdom for the submitter s own O Neill, presumably to make the name wholly Irish; we have substituted the correct feminine form of the patronymic. Finally, Irish usage does not seem to have included double given names; we have dropped the second given name in order to register the rest of the name.

Tristram Selkirk. Name.

Uilliam ua Conchobhair an Cíná Name change from Talon ua Conchobhair an Cínáand device. Sable, a horseshoe inverted argent surmounted by a sword proper, within a bordure argent.
Versus Morimoto Koriu, Sable, a crescent surmounted by a ken blade argent, cited in the LoI, there is a CD for the addition of the field, and another for the difference between a horseshoe and a crescent. Horseshoes and crescents appear to have been considered different charges even in the earliest heraldry, and a visual comparison of the emblazons demonstrated insufficient similarity to call a visual conflict.

EAST

Alexandria Schaler. Name.
This had been returned in the April 1996 LoAR for lack of forms. The forms having arrived, we are now able to register this.

Annys Wolf of Wharram Percy. Name and device. Sable, a fret between in pale two increscents, a bordure argent.

Aonghas Cu. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Caitilí ingen Páraic. Name.
The patronym was submitted as Patrác; we have corrected the placement of the accent. It is extremely implausible, as the name was apparently not in use in Ireland until after the Anglo- Norman invasion, and then only by the invaders; Mál Páraic or Gilla Páraic, both meaning "servant or devotee of Patrick", were the forms actually in use. Since Caitilí is a borrowing of Anglo-Norman Cateline, we have reluctantly let the name stand as being perhaps not quite impossible, but Caitilí ingen Mál Páraic would be much more authentic. (As was noted in the LoI, the submitter desires an authentic early-period Irish name; but she also permits only such minor changes as are necessary to register the name, and we are not - quite - convinced that it is necessary to change Páraic to Mál Páraic.)

Conrad MacAllyn. Name and device. Gules, a sword inverted between a pair of wings inverted argent.

Donald the Rat. Name and device. Argent, a rat's head cabossed and in chief a roundel sable between two daggers in chevron inverted gules.

Erilandus Arcanus. Name and device. Per bend Or and argent goutty-de-sang, a raven stooping sable transfixed by an arrow bendwise inverted gules.
The byname means "shut, closed", and by extension "silent, secret". We are by no means convinced that this is an altogether reasonable byname, but in the absence of any argument to the contrary, we are giving it the benefit of the doubt.

Gerrich de la Foy. Device. Or, goutty-de-sang, a chalice vert.

Ian Raven of Tadcaster. Name change from Ian Heath of Tadcaster and device. Argent ermined vert, a raven contourny reguardant and a bordure engrailed sable.

Iseabail Urchardainn. Name.

Malachi Halfhand. Device. Sable, on a pile inverted argent a Thor's hammer sable, a chief rayonny argent.
This had been returned in the April 1996 LoAR for lack of forms. The forms having arrived, we are now able to register this.

Margaret of Enniscorthy. Device. Azure, a fret and on a chief argent three crosses crosslet fitched sable.
This had been returned in the April 1996 LoAR for lack of forms. The forms having arrived, we are now able to register this.

Matteo Alessandro Ulisse Rugieri. Name and device. Per chevron barry wavy azure and argent, and gules, two sea-lions and a ship Or.
We agree with the commenters who found the use of three given names unlikely even in Italian. However, this is just one step beyond documented practice, so the name is registerable. (Five- element Italian names have been banned since the 9/92 return of Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento (Ansteorra).)

Meuris of Antioch. Name only (see RETURNS for badge).

Michael of Casteles Kepe. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Argent, three sea-dragons azure.
It appears from his form that the place-name, which was submitted as Castle Keep, is intended to mean "the keep of a man surnamed Castle". Although keep does not seem to be attested in period place-names, place-names of a similar type are not unknown; e.g., Boterelescastel 1302 (now Boscastle) was then held by William de Botereus, and Bissopes Castell 1269 (now Bishops Castle) was founded by a bishop of Hereford. All of the available examples put the owner's name in the possessive case, however, so we have done the same here. To avoid adding to the anomaly of keep as a place-name element, we have respelled the place-name in mediæal fashion.
Pretty armory, nice and simple.

Moira Hawthorn. Name and badge. Per bend sinister purpure and vert, a well argent masoned sable.
Moira is her modern given name.

Nasim al-Rashid ibn Khalil al-Khatteb al-Medinawayyi. Name and device. Sable, on a bend sinister wavy cotised between two crescents argent each charged with a mullet sable three swords palewise inverted sable.

Patric de la Rose. Name.

Paul AndréJacques. Name and device. Argent, on a cross gules between in chief a lion sable and a cross moline gules a lotus-blossom affronty argent.
Lacking evidence for its use in period, we have removed the hyphen from the submitted Paul- André The submitter would have preferred the name Pellandres, which is said to be the name of one of the knights in Mallory. This could not be verified from available sources, and in any case the use of a name in heroic or romantic literature is insufficient evidence that the name was actually current. In this case there is a possibility that something very close to the name could be justified, but more research would be necessary. According to Morlet, Andres is found in France c.800 as a variant of Latin Andreas; possibly an Old French pelez Andres bald Andrew (peléAndres in the oblique case) lies behind the literary name. There are some phonetic difficulties with this notion, however, so we can only view it as a pointer for further research, not a sufficient justification in its own right.

Riobád mac Seóaimh uíPháraig. Name and device. Gules, three double-bitted axes Or and a bordure argent semy of shamrocks vert.
The "grand-patronymic" was submitted as uíPáraig; we have modified it to conform to Woulfe's statement that uí the genitive singular of ó causes the following name to be aspirated.

Theodora of Dragonship Haven. Name.
Dragonship Haven is the registered name of her barony.

Valerian le Archer. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Zacharias Flamebeard of Eastmark. Device change. Argent, three natural panthers passant reguardant sable and a chief purpure.
Nice armory! His current device, Per chevron argent and purpure, two natural panthers passant respectant reguardant sable and a dexter gauntlet argent grasping a tongue of flame fesswise proper is released.

MIDDLE

ine Nic Laisre. Name.
The name was submitted as ine MacLaisre. This was documented as a double given name, which is contrary to known Irish practice. However, Mac Laisre is also interpretable as "son of Laisre" and perhaps as "son of Lassar". Since ine was a man's name at a very early period, ine mac Laisre is in fact a straightforward early-period masculine name consisting of a given name and a patronymic. However, the submitter is female and shows no sign of realizing that the submitted name is masculine; since the change is small, we have therefore taken the liberty of making her the daughter of a Mac Laisre. (If she really wants the man's name, she is welcome to request that the registered form be changed to ine Mac Laisre; under the circumstances there would be no charge for this transaction.) She asks for an indication of how the name is pronounced; please tell her that ine is approximately "AHN-yeh" and could well be Anglicized Anya, while Laisre is approximately "LOSH-ra".

Alaric le Fevre. Device. Quarterly sable, and vert semy of shamrocks, a cross patonce Or.

Annabella MacClure. Name.

Béhinn na Carraige. Name.
The name was submitted as Béinn na Carraig; we have put the place-name into the genitive case as the construction requires and slightly modified the given name to match both the submitter s documentation and the later orthography of the locative.

Brigid níGhráaigh. Device change. Vert, on a pale between two Irish harps Or three shamrocks vert.
Her currently registered device, Per pale gules and Or, in pale three arrows fesswise, the center on reversed, counterchanged, is released.

Catherine Margaret Oakley of Rivendale. Name.
Although not really documented in the LoI, Rivendale is a reasonable late-period form of Old English (æ þaeligm) hreofan dæe "at the rough or rugged valley". By the time double given names begin to appear in English records in the later 16th century, of Rivendale would have been an address, not part of her actual name.

Catlin of Penrose. Name.

Christian DeHavik. Device. Vert, a hawk's lure on a chief argent three hawk's bells gules.

David le Ymagour. Device. Per pale gules and vert, a dragon between three mullets of eight points argent.

Dolcia Bourdon. Name and device. Per chevron wavy argent and vert, in chief three caltraps azure, in base a reremouse argent.

Dóhnull na Carraige. Name and device. Per pale gules and vert, an otter statant reguardant Or, in chief a crescent argent.
The byname was submitted as na Carraig; we have put the place-name into the genitive case as the construction requires. (The usual form of the given name is Domhnall, but the submitter s documentation supports this variant.)

Fína níChiardubhán. Name and device. Azure, a fess wavy between three compass stars argent.

Gwydion Grandcoer of Shadowed Stars. Name and device. Per fess Or and gules, a dragon counterchanged maintaining a sword sable, in chief three roses proper.
Coerlemange ("heart eats him"!) on the LoI was a typo for the submitter's Coerlemagne "heart the great". This rather unidiomatic form was based on Charlemagne "Karl the Great", which is however not a parallel construction. The submitter wants the byname to mean "the Great Heart" and explicitly requests corrections. No one was able to provide evidence for the use of magne "great" in compound bynames of this type, but compounds with Old French grant, grand "great, grand" are well attested. Moreover, Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Grosker, actually attest the similar byname Groscuer 1192, Grosquoer 1197 "big, brave heart". Coer is a reasonable interpolation between the usual cuer and quoer. Shadowed Stars is the registered name of his shire.

Jeremy of the Middle. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a chevron sable between three gouttes de sang.
Submitted with the name Johann Sebastian von Kuhistein.

John Quartermain. Badge. [Fieldless] A bicorporate lion per pale Or and sable.

Jonathus Yuebanc. Name.

Margaret MacGregor of Heather Glen. Name and device. Quarterly counter-ermine and Or, on a bend sinister purpure a sword inverted Or.
Most place-names in Glen follow normal Gaelic word order and put Glen first. However, Achadh Fraoigh "field of heather" is Anglicized Heathfield, so perhaps Heather Glen is not out of the question.

Medb Renata. Badge. [Fieldless] On a sun argent a bear's pawprint sable. This had been returned in the February 1996 LoAR for conflict with Anthony the Sinister, [Fieldless] On a mullet of ten points argent, a pheon sable. She has since received and forwarded a letter of permission to conflict.

Megan Rhys. Badge. Per bend sinister azure semy of estoiles and Or, a hawk volant argent.

Rhicart ap Llywelyn ap Cedwyn. Name.

Sarra Bossard. Device. Argent, a coney couchant sable, on a chief vert three goblets Or.

Valdemar Olafsson. Name.

WEST

Aldric of Stonebridge. Badge. Purpure, a double arched bridge and a bordure Or.

Angharad ferch Morgan. Name.

Anika Hrafnsdottir. Name and device. Argent, a raven displayed sable, on a chief triangular purpure a sun Or.
A more Swedish form of the patronymic (to go with the Swedish documentation for the given name) would be Ramnsdotter.

Anne of Huntingdon Loxley. Name and device. Argent, a chevron ployévert between two roses gules slipped and leaved vert and a sunburst gules.
The name was submitted on the LoI as Anne of Huntingdon; it had been changed by Crux Australis from the registered form for want of documentation for the construction. As Ensign points out, there are many period English place-names of this type, i.e., a place-name followed (and modified) by another. Sometimes the second place-name is just that, as in Kirkby Laythorpe (Kirkeby Leylthorp 1316), which apparently combined earlier communities of Kirkby and Laythorpe; in other cases, like that of Farleigh Hungerford (Farlegh Hungerford 1404), an apparent second place- name is actual the surname of an early owner. On either basis Huntingdon Loxley is a possible 13th century place-name, so we have restored the submitter's first choice.

Armand de Rochefort. Name and device. Sable, three acorns inverted within a bordure embattled Or.

Bianca Rose Byrne. Name and device. Or, two chevronels gules between three ravens sable, a bordure embattled gules.
Please instruct her to draw both the chevronels and the bordure a fair bit wider. The surname was submitted as Byrnes. English double given names are rare to begin with, and the Italian form Bianca is not attested in period English use at all. Moreover, Byrnes appears to be from óBirn, an Irish patronymic based on the Scandinavian Bjön. Affixation of inorganic -(e)s to English surnames occurs sporadically within our period, but it's hard to see how it could have occurred in this particular case: loss of the óin such names was rare until the 17th century and would presumably have preceded the addition of -(e)s. No individual feature of the name is quite insupportable, but the combination is vanishingly unlikely. We have therefore reduced the "weirdness" by dropping the final s of the surname.

Catherine de Arc. Device. Gules, on a bend sinister cotised Or a winged unicorn courant contourny sable, in canton a pheon inverted Or.

Declan de Burgo. Name and device. Per fess enarched azure and vert, a stag trippant Or.
Should he ever wish to use the Irish equivalent, it appears to be Declá de Búc(a). Versus Lysander Keisalovitch, Gules, an ibex statant Or, its sinister foreleg raised and entangled in the slide of a sackbut bendwise sinister, bell to base, argent, there is a CD for the field and another for change to the type of primary charge. It was the consensus of those at the Laurel meeting comparing the two emblazons that there was a CD between a stag and an ibex, though X.2., Sufficient Difference, did not apply between the two.

Eleanor of Caithness. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, a thistle counterchanged.
Caithness may be a relatively modern spelling; Cathenes is the closest attested period form. Please suggest to her that a less modern stylization of the thistle would be preferable.

Eleonor von Lüeck. Device. Lozengy argent and vert, a chief vert.
Nice armory!

Felicity of Rowany. Holding name and device. Per saltire sable and vert, a Bowen knot crosswise within a bordure argent.
Submitted with the name Riona of Caerleon.

Heather of Windy Meads. Holding name and device. Argent, on a bend sinister between two wolves' heads ululant azure a bottlenosed dolphin naiant contourny argent.
Submitted with the name Riona nighean Thaoig mhic Iurnain.

Katerina da Brescia. Name and device. Purpure, three chevronels braced argent.
Versus , there are CDs for the number of chevronels and a second for their orientation on the field.

Margaret Holbrook. Name and device. Sable, a fess wavy azure fimbriated and in chief three annulets argent.

Margie of Stormhold. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, three annulets interlaced one and two argent.
Versus Richeldis de Haute Saone: Vert, an inverted triangle of rope interlaced with three annulets argent, there is a CD for the addition of the very prominent rope and another for change to the relative positions of the annulets (one and two versus two and one). Submitted with the name Margie of Glen More.

Marion atte Broken Towre. Name and device. Gules, a fox sejant the dexter forepaw resting on a heart argent, on a chief ermine three hawk's lures gules.
The locative was submitted as of the Broken Tower, a form that seems to owe more to fantasy than to history. The syntax is atypical for a topographical byname, no evidence is adduced to support idiomatic use of broken in this sense, and tower is a 16th century spelling in a byname of a type that is rare after c.1400. We agree with Black Dove that this is least implausible if interpreted as a sign (or inn) name, though such bynames are rare in English usage. We have therefore adjusted the preposition to match the documented examples of such bynames and used a spelling contemporary with this type of name.
A previous submission with the byname Foxpaws was apparently returned in kingdom, and her form lists a variant of this as an acceptable alternative to the submitted byname. Foxpaws itself probably isn't registerable, but the idea is sound. In case she is still interested in this meaning, she should be told that the hypothetical Pedegopil would be a reasonable English version of French pié de goupil "fox-paw"; see Reaney & Wilson s.nn. Pedcock, Pedlar, Pedlow, and Gupill.

Miriam bat Shimeon. Name and device. Gules, on a fess between three candles argent flammant proper the Hebrew word "chai" azure.

Muirghein ni Ghrainne. Badge. [Fieldless] On a tower azure a hawk displayed argent.

Nicholas Bawcock of Petersfield. Name change from Owen Lloyd Hywel. Even at the end of our period the place-name was more likely to be spelled Petersfe(i)ld.

Peder Georg Jensen. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or, a griffin contourny counterchanged, on a chief sable three roses Or.

Piers of Malmesbury. Name.
The name is excellent.

Raulf of Esenden. Device. Per saltire sable and gules, a hide argent and a chief ermine.

Stephan of Caerleon. Name.
Since it is not clear what spelling of the place-name the submitter prefers, we have registered it as it appeared in the LoI. Cairlion is documented from c.1150.

Táiq ibn Jelal ibn Ziyadatallah al-Násáurí Device change. Per fess vert and bendy Or and purpure, in chief a crescent Or. Versus Manfried von Falkenmond, Quarterly gules and vert, perched atop a crescent Or a falcon, hooded and jessed, argent, there are CDs for the change to the field and for the removal of the significant falcon.
His currently registered device, Per chevron inverted purpure and vert, three chevronels braced Or, in chief a sword fesswise proper, is released.
(Laurel says, Nice Mamluk-style heraldry!)

Teirnion Shadewe ap Griffydd Llanrudd. Name and device. Per chevron inverted sable and vert, a chevron inverted between a roundel and a butterfly argent.

Tristan of Longford. Name.
Tristram seems to have been much the more usual mediæal English form.

Ursula of Kyleakin. Name and device. Quarterly argent and purpure, a cross moline counterchanged.
Although we have no period citations for the place-name, it seems to be based on an event that occurred in 1263 and is therefore probably period.
Versus Elizabeth de Valence, Quarterly argent and purpure, an ankh counterchanged, it was the consensus of the commenters, those attending the Laurel meeting, and Laurel that there is X.2. (Sufficient Difference) difference between these two crosses; the ends of the three lower arms have been changed significantly, and the looped chiefmost arm create an outline so different from a cross moline that it was felt that if X.2. difference can apply to crosses at all (and we believe it does), it should apply to these two.

William Bekwith. Name and device. Argent, in cross five crosses crosslet sable. This is another fine name. Along with some very nice armory!

Yves le Chat Blanc. Name only (see RETURNS for device).
This is an excellent mediæal French name.

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK: AN TIR

Eoin Mac Leòd. Household name for House of the Barking Turtle. Much as we admire Lions Blood's skilful and diligent efforts to make [a silk purse out of a barking turtle ] the best of a bad job, we agree with Harpy that the justification amounts to a "persona story". Like her, we "would like to see clear, historical examples of social/economic/political institutions named in English in some manner directly parallel to this submission" before registering such an oddity. This lack of real documentation would by itself be sufficient reason to return the household name. However, there is another difficulty with the name: the earliest OED citation for turtle as a synonym for tortoise is from 1657, beyond even the Grey Area. In period the word signified the turtle-dove, a bird not noted for its bark; the reptile was called a tortoise (though that form dates only from the 16th century). This problem could be solved by substituting tortoise for turtle, but the first problem would still remain.
Almost all of the few available period inn names are unmodified nouns; all seem to refer to pictorial signs, and a number of those are the names of common animals and birds. An inn called the Turtle would not be out of place in this group, though the sign would doubtless depict a bird, and we would certainly register House of the Turtle (barring conflict, of course). The tortoise seems a bit out of place among the more familiar cock, ram, swan, and roebuck and the more impressive elephant, but House of the Tortoise would be at worst a small step beyond the evidence. House of the Green Tortoise goes well beyond the available evidence, but since the name is still basically pictorial, it should probably be registerable. A name like House of the Three Tortoises is supported by the attested surname Sevensterre, which Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Sevenstar, think probably derives from an inn or shop sign. But House of the Barking Tortoise cannot easily be referred to a sign and therefore does not seem to be justified stylistically by the available evidence.

Three Mountains, Barony of. Badge for Ordo Aegidis Honoris. Per fess indented of three points azure and argent, in chief a gorgon's head Or.
Conflict with Francesca Lucia d'Alberto dei Lorenzi, A gorgon's head cabossed Or. There is a CD for the field, but nothing for location on the field versus a fieldless badge. "Placement on the field cannot be counted against a fieldless badge." (Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme, LoAR September 1992, p. 42)

CAID

Ciará o Rua Coinnim. Name.
The submitter apparently wants the byname to mean "of Red Keep". However, coinnim does not appear to be a word for a keep, i.e., a donjon or castle; rather, it is related to words meaning "to keep". There are several Irish words that might serve his purpose. Daingean (earlier daingen) "a stronghold, fastness, fortress, defence" is attested in several place-names, e.g., Daingen and Daingen Bona Cuilinn. In the Norman period dú was used of any fortified place, whether a single residence or a whole town; it is common in place-names. Another possibility is caisleá (earlier caislá "castle", found in a number of place-names. We have no convincing evidence for prepositions in non-adjectival Irish locatives; the only clearly identifiable class consists of place- names in the genitive case directly following the given name. In this case that would produce Daingin Rúidh, Dún Rúidh, and Caisleain Rúidh. There seems to be no reason for us to choose one in preference to the others, and they are all quite different from the submitted name, so we are returning this to let the submitter make the choice.

Garmon Woodworth. Badge. [Fieldless] A caltrap within and conjoined to an annulet sable.
The overall consensus among the commenters and those attending the Laurel meeting was that this submission, especially as it was drawn with the bottom central leg extended to touch the annulet, was overwhelmingly too similar to the "peace" symbol. As such, it falls afoul of RfS VIII.4.b. "Modern Insignia - Overt allusions to ... common designs may not be registered." The peace symbol (the old "Nuclear Disarmament" symbol) is a common modern design, and as such is not registrable.

Mathewe Stonethrower. Name.
The original meaning of the verb to throw was "to turn or twist", and it is this sense that is found in all of the available period bynames and occupational terms that contain this element (e.g., sylkthrowster "one who twists raw silk into silk thread"). Despite one commenter's facetious suggestion that a stonethrower might therefore be a maker of quartz-fibre rope, stone is not a substance capable in any period sense of being twisted or spun, and stonethrower is not justifiable as an occupational term analogous to others with the same second element. The modern meaning of to throw, i.e., "to hurl, to cast", goes back at least to 1300 and could conceivably be found in a period byname. The casting of stones is not a believable occupation, however, so any such byname would be a nickname based on a habit or perhaps some specific incident. Such nicknames, when they incorporate a verb and its object, are overwhelmingly of the form , like the name Shakespeare and the noun pickpocket. Thus, Throweston(e) might be acceptable, though it appears that to throw generally did not have the desired sense when such nicknames were most common. Oddly enough, the verb to warp did originally mean to cast, to hurl ; Werpestan or Warpston(e), which would probably have been more idiomatic, would certainly be registerable. Finally, there is an attested byname Putstan put stone , where put probably has much the same significance as in the athletic event of putting the shot and may well refer to an early version of the same contest.
The submitter allows minor changes but would like to preserve both the meaning and the sound. All of the suggested forms change the sound considerably, and the one that makes the smallest change is also the most questionable, so we are returning the name for further input.

Morgana Elisabetta da Rosate. Badge. [Fieldless] A Norse sun cross purpure, overall a rose argent barbed and seeded proper.
The rose is really not drawn large enough here to be "overall", and if it were, it would significantly obscure the identity of the underlying charge. In the Cover Letter to the November 1992 LoAR, Baron Bruce as Laurel implemented a partial ban on overall charges in fieldless badges, excepting "where one of the charges is a long, slender object, and the area of intersection is small". The only reason the area of intersection here is relatively small is because the rose is drawn to just surmount the center of the cross (the "barely overall" type of overall charge that have been cause for return for quite some time now). Were it drawn large enough to be truly "overall", it would more obviously fall afoul of this ban.

Padraic the Fierce. Badge. [Fieldless] Two ostrich feathers in saltire argent and overall a Celtic cross sable.
In the Cover Letter to the November 1992 LoAR, Baron Bruce as Laurel implemented a partial ban on overall charges in fieldless badges, excepting "where one of the charges is a long, slender object, and the area of intersection is small." The area of intersection here is not small, with the bulk of the cross lying on the feathers. As a consequence, this badge falls afoul of that ban. It should also be remembered that one of the arguments leading up to the 1992 decision was that this style does not seem to occur in period badges. No new evidence contradicting this has been presented since that time.

Sìe Alwyn. Name.
The name mixes Gaelic and English orthography in a non-period fashion. In a late-period Scottish record the given name would have been recorded in English orthography as Jeane, Jeene, Jeanna, or the like; see Black's The Surnames of Scotland s.nn. Macgillewie, Towers, and Sleigh. Alternatively, the whole name could be made Gaelic by substituting a Gaelic form of the surname, but we were unable to find convincing evidence for such a form. We dislike making more than the smallest changes to given names; and since the submitter seems to want a Gaelic name, we are returning this in preference to registering it as Jeanna Alwyn.

Steinsee, Canton of. Warband name for Die Steinwache vom Steinsee. The name means "The Stone Guard (or Watch) of the Stone Lake"; the intended meaning of "The Stone Guard of Steinsee" would be Die Steinwache von Steinsee. However, no one was able to offer any reasonable interpretation of the name. [Irreverent suggestion: petrified sentries? ]

EAST

Aonghas Cu. Device. Per pale Or and azure, a Celtic cross estoile within a bordure counterchanged.
A cross estoile is a post-period charge; combining it with an annulet to create a "Celtic cross estoile" makes it two steps from period style. This second step is one step further than the College is normally willing to go (cf. the "Rule of Two Weirdnesses" in the Glossary of Terms).

Meuris of Antioch. Badge. [Fieldless] A sprig of two cherries proper.
Visual conflict with the Barony of Rowany, Two rowan leaves conjoined vert, pendant therefrom three berries gules. A comparison of the two emblazons demonstrated an overwhelming visual resemblance, which the difference in number of berries did not reduce.

Michael of Casteles Kepe. Badge. [Fieldless] A sea-dragon azure.
Conflict with Eadwine be Bocce Sele, Ermine a wyvern undulant erect bendwise, wings elevated and addorsed, azure, orbed, langued, armed and spined Or, grasping in both legs a partly open book bendwise argent, bound gules, clasped Or. There is one CD for the fieldlessness vs. fielded, but the orientation of Eadwine's monster is a cross between erect and bendwise. The body is basically erect, the overall orientation between head, body and tail, is bendwise. A visual comparison of the two demonstrated sufficient similarity (the palewise orientation of the body tended to obscure the bendwise overall orientation of the monster) that we did not feel we could in good conscience grant the second necessary CD for posture.

Valerian le Archer. Device. Sable, a unicorn rampant argent.
Conflict with Annora Marianna Francesca Moro di Castions di Zoppola, Sable, a unicorn statant erect and in chief three roses in fess argent. There is a CD for the removal of the roses, but a comparison of the emblazons demonstrated that the two monsters are in nearly identical, and therefore heraldically insignificantly different, postures. (There are some minor differences to the leg positions, but that is all.)

MIDDLE

Bronwen of Brightoaks. Badge. Sable vêu Or, a straight trumpet Or.
Conflict with the Kingdom of Meridies' badge for the Order of the Burning Trumpet, A trumpet Or issuing flames gules. There is one CD for the addition of the field, but nothing for removing the flames, which are the equivalent of a maintained charge, insufficiently large to count for difference.

Johann Sebastian von Kuhlstein. Name.
Although the place-name was submitted as Kuhlstein, it is clear from the accompanying documentation that the submitter intended Külstein. Despite much searching, we have been unable to find any reasonable justification in German place-naming for either form. Kül cool does appear in a few place-names, generally modifying a word for a body or stream of water. This is not surprising; the fact that a particular brook runs cool may well be a consistent and noteworthy feature of the local landscape. But it is not clear in what sense a stone might be consistently cool (or why anyone would care). Kuhle "deep hole, pit" also occurs, e.g., in Steinkuhl "stone-pit, quarry"; but Kuhlstein, though it can be given a meaningful interpretation (as "stone from a deep pit"), makes little sense as a place-name. The submitter refuses to allow the formation of a holding name and asserts that the meaning of the name (as explained in the accompanying persona story) is important to him; we take this to mean that dropping the locative goes beyond the permitted minor changes in spelling and grammar and are therefore returning the name.
The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Jeremy of the Middle.

Loothly Shaw, Canton of. Name and device. Vert, a phoenix Or within a laurel wreath and on a chief argent three bullrushes proper.
Loothly "hateful, disgusting, loathsome, repulsive, hideous, horrible" does not seem to be compatible with English place-naming patterns, and we are by no means sure that it is a plausible description of a thicket in any case. The closest element appears to be Old English ful "foul, dirty, filthy", though this is usually applied to water. Nevertheless, Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Fullshawe, cite Henry de ffulshaghe 1332, who evidently dwelt "by the muddy wood"; perhaps they would consider Fulshaghe, Fuleschawe, Fulshaw, etc. all fine forms of a place-name with the original meaning "foul (muddy) wood".
The "wreath" here was not drawn as such, but was more two "sprigs of laurel, tips crossed in saltire". A wreath should be nearly a complete circle (see, e.g., the example given in the appendix to the latest version of the Glossary of Terms, issued last month). This is being returned for redrawing.

WEST

Edmund the Lame. Device change. Sable, an armored leg argent. This was an appeal of a kingdom return for conflict with Douglas Longshanks, Sable, a pentaskelion of armored legs argent. The submitter appeals on three grounds: that Douglas' primary charge is a pentaskelion and therefore, the devices should qualify for complete difference of primary charge; alternatively, there should be CDs for number and arrangement of the legs since only one leg is in the same position; and finally, that the two charges are visually completely different.
The first argument is a case of allowing the language of blazon to confuse the issue. Douglas Longshanks' device could as accurately be blazoned Sable, five armoured legs conjoined at the hips argent. The charges we have to compare are armored legs, not an armored leg compared to a pentaskelion. The visual reality of the submitted device compared to Douglas' is that four legs have been removed.
The second argument runs directly counter to explicit precedent. Baron Bruce as Laurel probably said it best:
[Considering Azure, in annulo three cats couchant, each biting the tail of the next argent] "This conflicts with [Azure, a lion dormant argent]. There's a single CD, for adding the other two cats; we grant no difference between lions and cats, or between couchant and dormant.
"This submission was an appeal of a return by the Midrealm College of Heralds, for the above conflict. The submitter argues that there should be a CD for posture as well as number, since the two added cats are not in their "default" posture --- by which is meant, we assume, not in the same posture as the original cat. I agree with Lord Dragon's analysis: the client evidently feels that the change from the [conflicting] device to her submission is a two-step process (first we add two cats, then we change their posture). This is not the case. It's a single-step process: we've added two charges. They could have been two cats couchant [the whole in annulo] argent, or two cats rampant addorsed argent, or two bezants, or a widget ermine and a wadget checky Or and gules. The amount of difference gained remains the same: a single CD, for the added charges.
"This policy has been in place since at least Master Wilhelm's tenure; it was enunciated by Master Baldwin, in his LoARs of 25 Aug 85, p.14, and 15 Sept 85, p.3; Mistress Alisoun and Master Da'ud both followed it. It is logically consistent with Laurel interpretations of the Rules to date." (Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme, LoAR July 1993, pp. 15-16)
The third argument runs counter to the Rules. RfS X.5. states that "If the tinctures, shapes, or arrangement of the charges in a submission create an overwhelming visual resemblance to a piece of protected armory, the submission may be held to conflict even if sufficient theoretical difference can be counted between them." This "visual conflict" clause of the Rules runs only one way; we may find that two devices look to similar, but not that they look too dissimilar in spite of technical conflict. To do otherwise is to introduce a very high level of subjectivity to the decision process, something the College has worked very hard to get away from.
Consequently, this must be returned for conflict with Douglas Longshanks, Sable, a pentaskelion of armored legs argent. There is only one CD, the change in the number of legs. To return to the second argument for a moment, if only to try to reiterate what Baron Bruce has stated, a number of commenters wrote in favor of granting two CDs between the two devices, one for number and another for arrangement. Let's look at some other hypothetical examples, though. Gules, a lion Or versus Gules, two lions combattant Or. Do we grant two CDs, one for adding a lion and another for reversing its orientation? How about Argent, a chevron azure vs. Argent, a chevron and a chevron inverted azure? One CD for adding the second chevron and another for then inverting it? Are there two CDs between Or, a pale gules and Or, a pale and overall a bend gules? One for adding a second "pale", and another for changing its orientation to bendwise? Between Sable, a sword proper and Sable, two swords in cross proper? One for adding a second sword, and another for changing its orientation? In each of these hypothetical cases, it could be argued that there is a CD for number of charges and another for changing the orientation of half of the group. Yet for these examples, the real difference is only of the addition of a charge. Similarly, Sable, a pale Or versus Sable, a pale Or and another argent? Have we added a charge (one CD), or have we added a charge and changed the tincture of half of the group (two CDs)? Or Azure, a plate versus Azure, a plate within a bordure embattled Or? Have we added a bordure (one CD) or added a bordure and changed its line of division to complex (two CDs)? The same arguments for and against the submission here versus Douglas Longshanks apply to all of these examples equally. They all rest on the same philosophical foundations and the same underlying principles of heraldry. And if we are going to be consistent, we must treat them all the same. If we are not going to grant two Clear Differences for the addition of a bordure with a complex line of division, or for the addition of an identical charge in a different tincture, we should not grant two Clear Differences for addition of one or more charges in a different posture or orientation.

Margie of Glen More. Name.
We have an unusually large body of evidence for period pet forms of Margaret and Margery, including those now written Meg, Maggie, Madge, Peg, and Peggy; none retains the r. To judge by the pattern of these diminutives, Margie would arise from a simpler Marge; unfortunately, Marge itself does not fit the pattern of the attested forms and seems likely to be a more recent invention. (She might consider the attested 16th century form Margyt; alternatively, it appears from her form that she may be entitled to Margie under the Legal Name Allowance.)
The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Margie of Stormhold.

Riona nighean Thaoig mhic Iurnain. Name.
The only available documentation for Riona is Peadar Morgan's statement in Ainmean Chloinne: Scottish Gaelic Names for Children that it is an occasional diminutive of Scots Gaelic Catrìna. Morgan gives no indication that it is a period diminutive, and it is completely unlike any of the corresponding documented period English diminutives, e.g., Kit. Lacking evidence either for a pattern of similar period Gaelic diminutives or for a period English form of which it could be a Gaelic spelling, we are unwilling to assume that it is a legitimate period form. Since we do not consider the change from Riona to Catriona minor, we must return the name.
A question was raised in commentary about the "grand-patronymic" Iurnain, whose nominative case would be Iurnan. Specifically, Morgan gives Iúnan gives this as the name of the saint commemorated at Killearnan (Cill Iúnain), while Johnston in the apparently more scholarly Place-Names of Scotland makes the Gaelic form cill Iarnain. It appears that both are in a manner of speaking correct. To judge by entries in O'Brien's Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae, the Irish form of the name was Iarná. However, Calder (A Gaelic Grammar, p. 158) gives Cill-iùnain as the Gaelic form of Killernan, and Dwelly makes it Cill Iùnain. Iurnan, originally perhaps just a dialect variant of Iarnan, evidently became the usual form of the name in Scots Gaelic, and both spellings should be acceptable.
The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Heather of Windy Meads.

Riona of Caerleon. Name.
The only available documentation for Riona is Peadar Morgan's statement in Ainmean Chloinne: Scottish Gaelic Names for Children that it is an occasional diminutive of Scots Gaelic Catrìna. Morgan gives no indication that it is a period diminutive, and it is completely unlike any of the corresponding documented period English diminutives, e.g., Kit. Lacking evidence either for a pattern of similar period Gaelic diminutives or for a period English form of which it could be a Gaelic spelling, we are unwilling to assume that it is a legitimate period form. Since we do not believe that the change from Riona to Catriona is a minor change, we must return the name.
The submitter notes prior registrations of Riona; unfortunately, these seem to have been based on a misunderstanding. At least in the two most recent cases, the 1/94 and 12/94 registrations of Riona Gillian McAllister and Riona Cullenagh respectively, Riona was supposed to be an Anglicization of Rínach (later Ríghnach). However, this justification doesn't work: evidence from other names indicates that the name would probably have been rendered phonetically in English as Rinagh. (In fact it was apparently usually Anglicized non-phonetically as Regina.) Even if the final consonant were for some reason dropped, the name would still come out Rina: Irish í and English io represent different sounds, and the latter would not have been used as a phonetic representation of the former.
The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Felicity of Rowany.

Yves le Chat Blanc. Device. Per pale sable and ermine, in canton a domestic cat's face argent, a bordure counterchanged argent and sable.
It was the overwhelming consensus at the Laurel meeting that this falls afoul of RfS XI.3., which states that "Armory that appears to marshall independent arms is considered presumptuous." The rule goes on to note that such marshalled fields "may be used with identical charges over the entire field, or with complex lines of partition or charges overall that were not used for marshalling in period heraldry." The use of a counterchanged bordure here is not used in the usual way of an overall charge (indeed, bordures were, and are, used in a number of countries for cadencing), and serves in no way to lessen the appearance of marshalling. Indeed, the fact that the bordure is not counterchanged of the field only serves to accent the appearance of the dimidiation of two independent coats, Sable, in chief two cat's faces, a bordure argent and Ermine, a bordure sable.

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE SEPTEMBER 1996 LAUREL MEETING:

EAST

Gabrá Mac Mhuirich. Name.
The submitter's previous attempt, Gabrá Mac Muireach, was returned 10/94 because his forms did not allow the grammatical error in the patronymic to be fixed. At that time Laurel suggested either Gabhrá Mac Mhuirich or the early form Gabrá mac(c) Muiredaich. The Pennsic worksheet shows the latter and justifies it by quoting from the 10/94 LoAR; the actual name submission form has Gabrá Mac Mhuirich, which combines an early spelling of the forename with a later form of the patronymic. The Pennsic worksheet allows minor changes; the name submission form allows no changes. We are therefore pending this submission until the September Laurel meeting to allow the Eastern CoH to resolve the confusion.

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