ACCEPTANCES

ÆTHELMEARC

Ailis ingen uí Donnubáin. Name and device. Argent, three trefoils vert and a chief embattled gules.

Submitted as Ailis ingen ui Donnubáin, accents need to be used or omitted consistently. Since Donnubáin includes the accent, we have added it to uí. 'D' does not show lenition in Middle Gaelic, so the submitted Donnubáin is appropriate for the form ingen.

Anton Ivan Stanislavich. Name and device. Per fess embattled sable and vert, three mullets Or and a horse courant argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th–15th C Russia and allowed any changes. Both Anton and Ivan are Christian names. Having two Christian names in a Russian name was ruled a weirdness in the June 1997 LoAR. An authentic name for this time period would have only a single Christian name. The LoI states that the submitter is aware of this weirdness. We have therefore left the name in the submitted form.

Antonio de Luna. Name and device. Azure, a bend dovetailed argent between two decrescents Or.

Baraka bint Hasan al-Fahim. Name and device. Azure, a pair of zils between two scimitars addorsed crossed at the hilts argent.

Brigitte MacFarlane Red. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Brigitte MacFarlane the Red, this name combined a given name that is Swedish, French, or German with a Scots byname followed by an English descriptive byname. No documentation was provided that such a combination is plausible. Brigitte was documented from Withycombe (p. 54 s.n. Bridget), who gives this form as the name of a Swedish saint who lived in the 14th C and as an undated French and German name used to refer to this Swedish saint or to the Irish Saint Bridget. MacFarlane was documented from Reaney & Wilson (s.n. MacFarlan). However, all examples in this entry are cited from Black. Therefore, they are Scots, not English. Black (s.n. Reid) dates Gilbert 'le Rede' to 1296. This takes English out of the lingual mix. However, the bigger problem is placing a the or le style of literal descriptive byname after a Mac- style of surname. Very few types of bynames appear after a Mac- style surname in Scots. Most of these are locatives (i.e. of Edinburgh). All other bynames that have been found after a Mac- byname modify the object of the Mac- byname, and so form a compound byname. For example, Black (p. 475 s.n. MacConachie) dates William M'Ane Makconquhye to 1543. This name means 'William son of John [who was the] son of Duncan'. So William has one patronymic byname that contains multiple generations: M'Ane Makconquhye is his patronymic byname, and it is a single name phrase. In the case of this submission, the Red refers to MacFarlane, not to Brigitte. MacFarlane is a Scots rendering of a Gaelic byname. The cited le Rede is a Scots or English rendering of an English byname. While both elements are Scots, no evidence was presented that they can be combined in a compound patronymic byname MacFarlane the Red. Since Black (s.n. Reid) states that "Reid is also used as an Englishing of Gaelic Ruadh", and Ruadh (meaning 'red') is a logical descriptive to follow Mac Pharlain in Gaelic, MacFarlane Reid is a logical Scots form of this combination. As Black shows Red and Reid to be variants of each other, MacFarlane Red is also a plausible Scots form. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have dropped the in order to register this name.

Cadell Blaidd du. Device change. Gules, a pale chevronelly argent and sable.

Nice arms! His previous device, Per bend sinister purpure and sable, a mullet of four points throughout between four ermine spots argent, is retained as a badge.

Cecily of Whitehaven. Badge. Per fess argent and azure, in chief a lozenge gules.

This submission was originally blazoned using a lozenge fesswise. Because lozenges could be drawn with various proportions in period, including a square set on its corner (which can be neither fesswise nor palewise), it does not make sense to distinguish different proportions of lozenge in blazon.

Constance Waite. Badge. Vert, a cross of four pheons within a bordure invected argent.

Cordelia Colton. Device. Per bend sinister wavy Or and azure, a bend sinister wavy between two crosses bottony counterchanged.

Honorée d'Avallon. Device. Purpure, two horses rampant addorsed between three fleurs-de-lys argent.

Ivo Thorne. Name.

Khazima bint Hakim. Name.

Klaus Isenfaust. Name and device. Per pale vert and argent, a tower between three butterflies counterchanged.

Leonor Farfán. Name.

Good name!

Mea the Bold. Name and device. Per pale argent and vert, a butterfly counterchanged.

Mea was documented as Italian and the Bold was documented as English. Mixing Italian and English in a name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of September 1999 (Veronica de Holloway).

Reynold Wolferton. Name.

Rosalinda of Castile. Name.

Withycombe (p. 257 s.n. Rosalind) says that the given name derives from the Old German Roslindis and that "[t]he name was carried to Spain by the Goths and took root there as Rosalinda." To date, no form of Rosalinda has been found dated in period in Spain. So this may be a case where Withycombe (whose strength is in English names) is incorrect. However, given the continuing research in Iberian naming practices and the citation in Withycombe, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt.

Garnet found additional information about this name that affects the following precedent:

[Rosalind atte Rylle] The only documentation for Rosalynd in the LoI said that it was proposed as a variant of Rosalind first used in Shakespeare's As You Like It. Since that is from the end of our period, we do not think it is likely that a variant form of the name was used during our period. Therefore we have changed it to the form found in Shakespeare. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR March 1999, p. 6)

Garnet found that "Rosalynde is found as a romance character in 1590, in the work of that name by Thomas Lodge (the basis for 'As you[sic] Like It')." Given this information, Rosalynde is also a registerable English variant of this name.

Tessa the Huntress. Name and device. Azure, a ferret sejant erect maintaining a sheaf of arrows argent within a bordure ermine.

Submitted as Tessa la Hunter, the name was corrected to Tessa the Huntress on a Letter of Correction. This name mixes the Italian Tessa and the English byname the Huntress. Such a mixture is registerable, though it is a weirdness.

Wülfer Drachenhand. Name and device. Sable, three decrescents in bend between two wolf's heads erased ululant contourny argent.

This name was submitted as Wülfer von Drachenhand. The submitter asked, if von was not registerable in this name, whether der would be registerable. Drachenhand is documented only as a descriptive byname, so von ('of') is not appropriate. It was suggested that Drachenhand might be plausible as a sign name. However, no examples of German sign names were found that would give support for Drachenhand as a sign name. Lacking such evidence, Drachenhand is not registerable as a sign name.

Since Drachenhand is documented as an descriptive byname without a particle, it is reasonable to assume it could be used as a descriptive byname with a particle. In German, the particle needs to match the gender of the word it modifies (Drachenhand in this case), rather than the gender of the person. The feminine particle die would be used with Drachenhand rather than the masculine particle der. So this name is registerable as Wülfer Drachenhand or Wülfer die Drachenhand. Since neither of the particles the submitter inquired about are registerable with this name, we are registering the name with no particle.

This seems a good time to remind the College that the blazon term ululant, indicating that the animal has its head up and is howling, is not a period blazon term: "While we allow wolves and foxes to be ululant, the head posture is an SCA invention. It is possible that had the head posture been introduced today we would not allow it. Allowing ululant wolves is a step beyond period practice; allowing anything but canines to use the position is two steps beyond period practice and therefore grounds for return" (LoAR December 2000).

AN TIR

Ælfric of False Isle. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale argent and azure, two swords inverted in saltire between four roses counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Ælfric the Lost.

Aster Peyton. Device. Or, a castle sable and in chief three pearled coronets purpure all within a bordure pean.

The submitter is a court baroness, and thus entitled to use coronets in her armory.

Cecille de Beumund. Name change from Arianwen ferch Ieuan.

Good name!

Her previous name, Arianwen ferch Ieuan, is released.

Çinara Suberria. Badge. (Fieldless) A cherry blossom within and conjoined to an annulet argent.

Danescombe, Shire of. Branch name.

Good name!

Ealasaid of Madrone. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a unicorn couchant and on a chief embattled argent a pine cone stem to base between two crescents sable.

Submitted under the name Ealasaid ihghean uí Domhnaill.

Edric of Hamsteleie. Badge. (Fieldless) A dolmen gules.

Esugenas maqqas Moridaci avvi Cremutanni. Badge. (Fieldless) A bulb of garlic Or.

This is clear of a badge of Ammalynne Sternjekrakki Haraldsdottir, (Fieldless) A sprouting yellow onion bendwise proper. The onion in Amalynne's badge is clearly bendwise, and the garlic bulb here clearly palewise. So there is a CD for changing the posture and another for fieldlessness.

Helevisa de Horsmonden. Device change. Per bend gules and azure, three fleurs-de-lys in bend Or.

Her previous device, Per bend gules and azure, three hearts bendwise sinister in bend Or, is released.

Iago ab Adam. Name change from Jacobus filius Catomagli.

Good name!

His previous name, Jacobus filius Catomagli, is released.

Jón Eiríksson. Device. Argent, a roundel and a bordure embattled sable.

Juliana de Saint Denys. Device. Quarterly argent and purpure, four frets couped counterchanged.

Juliana de Saint Denys. Badge. (Fieldless) A triquetra purpure.

ANSTEORRA

Abigail O Brogan. Name and device. Argent, in saltire two roses gules slipped and leaved vert and on a chief sable three otters statant Or.

This does not conflict with Rosalia O Brogan, Argent, two rose branches in saltire vert, each with a rose gules, and on a chief sable three butterflies Or. The rose branches in Rosalia's device are drawn correctly so that they are predominantly branches (ending in a small rose). The charges in this submission, originally also blazoned as rose branches, are drawn as roses slipped and leaved: the roses are at least half the visual weight of the charge. There is a CD between roses and rose branches, and another CD by RfS X.4.j.ii for changing the type only of tertiary charge on the chief. We acknowlege that there is a decided visual similarity between these two devices, but it is not quite enough to be a conflict under RfS X.5. The submitter also has a letter of permission to conflict with Rosalia O Brogan, rendering the issue moot.

Alfred Huddlestone. Name change from Josephus de Hudelesdun and device. Per pale dovetailed gules and argent, two towers counterchanged within a bordure sable.

His previous name, Josephus de Hudelesdun, is released.

Please advise the submitter to draw the dovetailing on the line of division much deeper.

Caillín mac Eógain. Name and device. Per pale argent and vert, a chevron counterchanged.

Submitted as Caillín mac Eógan, the patronym was not in the genitive case. We have made this correction.

Nice device!

Cassia MacWilliam. Name and device. Argent, a bear statant vert.

The LoI proposed Cassia as English feminine given name "based upon English use of feminized Roman names". However, the examples provided in the LoI were found not only in Roman Latin but also in medieval Latin sources. Cornelius and Lucius were the names of popes who became saints and this likely influenced the use of Cornelia and Lucia in England. Additionally, Lucia is also the Latin form of the name of Saint Lucy, who was popular in England in the Middle Ages. In the case of Claudia, Withycombe (p. 68 s.n. Claudia) says that the late 16th C example of this name in Lancashire is "probably taken from the 2nd epistle to Timothy where it occurs as the name of a Roman convert." Cassius, and by extention Cassia, is documented only as a Roman Latin name. Given the drastic temporal disparity between Roman Latin and Scots, a name combining Roman Latin (or perhaps Classical Latin) and Scots is not registerable.

De Felice Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (p. 101 s.n. Cassio) mentions "Santa Cassia martire a Damasco". Therefore, Cassia is a saint's name known in Italian. Mixing Italian and Scots in a name was ruled a weirdness in August 1999:

While there is little evidence for mixed Scots/Italian names, there is enough contact between the cultures for this to be allowable. It is, however, a "weirdness." (Laertes McBride, A-Caid, LoAR 08/99)

Therefore, this name is registerable as a mix of Italian and Scots.

Nice device!

Charlotte Cartier. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Ercc mac Lochlainn. Name.

Feradach mac Congail mec Ruaidri. Name.

Submitted as Feradach mac Congail mec Ruadri, no evidence was found that the spelling Ruadri is a reasonable variant of Ruaidrí. We have changed this element to a documented form. As accents were often omitted in examples of names in Irish annals, we have not added accents to this name. The particle mec is a variant of meic, the Middle Irish (c. 900–c. 1200) genitive form of mac. The form mec appears in the "Annals of Tigernach" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100002.html) and the "Annals of Ulster" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001/).

Ferchar mac Ailella. Name.

Good name!

Gunnvör silfrahárr. Name change from Gunnora Hallakarva.

Her old name, Gunnora Hallakarva, is released.

Johann Gunnbjornsson. Device. Or, a Norse serpent nowed gules and a base rayonny sable.

The Norse serpent was declared an unregisterable charge in the LoAR of May 1998, effective in October of that year. This submitter had a submission in kingdom using this charge before that deadine occurred, and no resubmission was received at Laurel level until after the deadline occurred. However, convincing evidence has been presented by the Ansteorran College that there were significant administrative problems with the submitter's local and (to a lesser extent) regional and kingdom heralds during the period of time in which he could have put in timely submission of this device. While there is no paperwork proof that the armory was resubmitted in a timely fashion, it has also been demonstrated that much paperwork was lost by the pertinent heralds during the time in which such a resubmission might have occurred. Kingdom heralds have stated that the submitter did indeed attempt to resubmit in a timely fashion. It therefore seems reasonable to give this submitter the benefit of the doubt and allow him the use of this charge under the hardship clause, as noted in the Glossary of Terms:

It sometimes happens that a submission is delayed so long by circumstances outside the submitter's control that changes in the Rules for Submissions or their interpretation make it unregisterable. Depending on the exact circumstances, and on a case-by-case basis, the submission may be judged according to the older Rules for Submissions and interpretations; this policy is popularly known as the Hardship Clause.

John of Trowbridge. Name.

Kathryn atte Unicorn. Household name Inn of the Weeping Unicorn and badge. (Fieldless) On a tankard azure a unicorn's head erased argent armed Or.

There was mixed opinion regarding whether "Weeping Unicorn" fit the pattern of inn sign names. Pertinent precedents are:

[Avram Ibn Gabirol. Household name for House of the Wandering Dragon] Despite what was stated on the LoI, Wandering Dragon, does not follow the pattern of inns such as House of the White Hart. A white hart could be painted on an inn sign and be identifiable as such, a "wandering dragon" could not. Barring documentation of participles of this sort being used for inn names, this must be returned. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR March 1998, p. 21)

[House Open Hearth] No documentation was given to show that Open Hearth was a reasonable inn or sign name. Sign names of the form <adjective> <noun> tend to have adjectives that can be easily displayed on a sign. "Open" is not such an adjective when applied to hearths. [Jared the Potter and Sajah bint Habushun ibn Ishandiyar al-Hajjaj, 11/99, R-Atlantia]

As weeping was documented as meaning 'crying' in period, and a weeping unicorn is an image that could be visually depicted on a sign, this name is registerable.

Inn is an acceptable designator for a household name.

Kirsten of Skye. Name and device. Per pale argent and purpure, a chevron fracted and in chief a roundel counterchanged.

Kouac Myklos. Device. Or, a turtle vert within an orle of mullets azure.

This is clear of conflict with Starra Skraelingadottir, Or, a tortoise tergiant palewise proper, shelled vert, between three mullets of eight points azure. There is one CD for changing the number of mullets. There is another CD for changing the type of mullet from a mullet of eight points to a mullet of five points. The rules for change of type of mullets follow the rules for change of number of charges. Mullets of n points will get a CD from mullets of m points if RfS X.4.f gives a CD for changing the number of charges from n to m.

Leona of Remington. Badge. (Fieldless) A Cornish chough's leg erased a la quise bendwise sinister proper maintaining a goblet vert.

Cornish choughs are black birds with red beak and feet, and so this is a correctly tinctured proper Cornish chough's leg.

This is clear of conflict with a badge of Arnolw Rabenhertz, (Fieldless) A raven's foot couped sable, armed and banded gules. There is one CD for fieldlessness and another for the type difference between a bird's leg and a bird's foot. This is also clear of conflict with Charles Ravenstone, Per fess lozengy argent and sable and argent, a bird's leg a-la-quise sable. There is one CD for changing the orientation of the leg and another CD for fieldlessness. There is no CD for changing the tincture: the red portion of the leg, while significant enough to blazon, is less than half the charge.

Líadan Bregh. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Marquet de Hyet. Device. Or, a mascle within a mascle throughout sable.

This was originally blazoned as Sable vêtu Or, a lozenge within a mascle Or. The visual realities of the emblazon are such that it is immediately perceived as a mascle within another, and we have so reblazoned it. There were concerns about "op art" stylization, but this is clearly visible and reproducible as a mascle within another, so it does not have visual ambiguity. While it is possible to blazon this in the fashion originally presented in the Letter of Intent, blazon ambiguity is not the same problem as visual ambiguity.

Muirenn ingen Senáin uí Dúnlaing. Name.

This item was pended from the August 2001 LoAR. The form of the name put before the college was corrected on an LoC two months after the LoI. This item was pended to give the College time to comment on the corrected form of the name.

Namron, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Krigshelt. (Fieldless) A pile wavy couped argent.

The pile was blazoned on the LoI without the term couped. The submission form clearly shows that the pile is couped. The pile does not issue from the top of the badge form (as would a default pile); it is cut off by a horizontal line in chief.

Due to the grandfather clause, the barony has the right to register a fieldless badge using a pile which is not couped, emulating its registered badge (Fieldless) A pile wavy Or (for the Order of the Heart of the Sable Storm). In order to register armory with such a blazon, the barony would need forms which draw the pile issuant from the chief of the badge form, like the form for the badge for the Order of the Heart of the Sable Storm. Without using the grandfather clause, such a registration would be illegal under RfS VIII.5: "Since there is no field in such a [fieldless] design, it may not use charges that rely on the edges of the field to define their shape, such as bordures and orles, nor to cut off their ends, such as ordinaries or charges throughout."

Stefana Giovanna di Cosimo. Name.

Úna Baróid. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Vilhjálmr hausakljúfr. Name.

ATENVELDT

Anita de Challis. Device. Gules, a schnecke issuant from sinister chief argent and on a chief Or three fleurs-de-lys azure.

There is a precedent concerning the combination of the schnecke with other charges:

[Purpure, a schnecke issuant from sinister chief argent charged with a rose gules, slipped and leaved vert, in dexter chief and in base two fleurs-de-lys argent] We know of no period examples of schneckes with secondary or tertiary charges, we find the use of both in this device to be two steps beyond period practice. We may allow secondary or tertiary charges with a schnecke, but we doubt that the use of either is period practice. (LoAR November 2000)

It is true that schneckes are generally found as single unaccompanied charges, as noted in the precedent. However, it is also true that the same part of the world which engendered armory using schneckes also was known to use charged chiefs as signs of feudal allegiance. Therefore it seems to be at most one step from period practice to add a charged chief to armory using a schnecke which is otherwise alone on the field. The precedent continues to stand in the case from which it arose: a schnecke surrounded by a secondary charge group and itself charged with a tertiary charge group.

Antonio Biagi. Name and device. Or, a dog's head couped purpure and a bordure per saltire gules and purpure.

Biagi is the submitter's legal surname.

Benedict Saint-Jean Eldridge. Name change from Cyngen ap Gwenwynwyn.

This name was submitted as Benedict St. Jean Eldridge and changed at kingdom because we do not register scribal abbreviations. The submitter requested authenticity for 16th–17th C English and allowed minor changes. However, the element Saint-Jean was documented only as French in the LoI. In England, it originated as a locative byname referring to a location in France. Bardsley (p. 718 s.n. St. John) dates Alexander Seynt John to 1530. Bardsley (p. 268 s.n. Eldridge) dates Otwell Eldridge to 1597-8 and gives this name as originally meaning 'son of Alderich'.

When examined from the point of view of the submitter's requested time period and language, this name contains two inherited surnames, the first of which originated as a locative byname and the second of which originated as a patronymic byname. This order is unusual and rare. Irvine Gray & J. E. Gethyn-Jones, ed., The Registers of the Church of St. Mary's, Dymock, 1538-1790 list only two examples of names that have this order. Marget Wodd ?al. Hopkyns is dated to 28 Feb 1545/6 on p. 9. A footnote on that page indicates that ?al. Hopkyns was inserted later and that the parchment register reads als. (meaning 'alias'). Blanch Heyet otherwyse Dobyns is dated to 18 Mar 1579/80 on p. 41. This construction indicates two surnames that a person was alternately known by.

There hasn't yet been much research done regarding double surnames in 16th C England. But from the evidence that has been found, we can say that in cases where both names were inherited, the two surnames indicate the surnames of the child's parents. In fact, Withycombe (p. xliii) dates Robert Browne Lilly to 1593, noting that his father was John Lilly and his mother's maiden name was Browne. In a number of the instances of double surnames in the Dymock parish registers, this construction was an indication of illegitimacy. But considering the small amount of data we have at this time, it would be premature to presume that this is always the case. Indeed, the notation in Withycombe of Browne being "his mother's maiden name" would indicate that some of the time both parent's surnames were given to children born to married parents.

So this name is registerable in the form listed on the LoI. It would be authentic for the submitter's requested 16th C English as Benedict Seynt John Eldridge, Benedict Seynt John alias Eldridge or Benedict Seynt John otherwise Eldridge. However, since the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to change the language of Saint-Jean from the submitted French to English, since changing the language of a significant element is a major change.

His previous name, Cyngen ap Gwenwynwyn, is retained as an alternate name.

Bethia Somers. Name and device. Purpure ermined argent, on a pale engrailed argent a rapier sable entwined by a vine vert.

Submitted as Bethia at Someres, the submitter requested authenticity for Scottish/English and allowed any changes. The given name Bethia only began to appear in the late 16th C. By this time, surnames were inherited. The submitted byname, at Someres, is a locative byname dated to 1327 in Reaney & Wilson (p. 434 s.n. Summer). When this name became an inherited surname, the particle was dropped. Bardsley (p. 727 s.n. Summer) dates Peter Somers to 1600. We have changed the byname to this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Please advise the submitter to be careful that the vine does not overly obscure the rapier.

Branwen of Werchesvorde. Device change. Per pale azure and gules, a raven within an annulet argent.

The raven was originally blazoned with its dexter talon raised. This detail has been ruled unblazonable in the past: "A bird passant, that is to say, with one leg raised, is considered an unblazoned variant of close" (LoAR February 1996, p. 1). Quite a few period birds close are drawn with one leg raised to some degree, especially massive birds such as cocks, hens and swans. Perhaps this is because the bird better fills the space at the bottom of the shield when drawn with one leg raised.

Her previous device, Per pale gules and azure, a bend and a bend sinister both humetty argent fretted with a mascle, a bordure Or, is released.

Catlin of Anandyrdale. Name (see PENDS for device).

Submitted as Catlin of Annandale, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th–15th C Scottish and allowed any changes. Johnston (s.n. Annandale) dates the form Anandresdale to 1297. Barbour's poem "The Brus" (early 14th C) contains the spelling Anandyrdale. We have changed her byname to the second form as it is the closer to the submitted form Annandale. We were unable to make the name completely authentic, as we were unable to find evidence that any form of Catlin was used in Scotland in period.

Claus de Saarbrucke. Name and device. Per chevron azure and argent, two escarbuncles argent and a stag's head erased gules.

Submitted as Klaus von Saarbrücken, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th–14th C German and allowed minor changes. Brechenmacher (s.n. Klaus) dates the form Claus to 1294 and 1323, and (s.n. Saarbrücken) dates "de Saarbrucke" to 1323. We modified the name to these forms to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Conall of Twin Moons. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, two arrows crossed in saltire surmounted by a double-bitted axe and on a chief indented Or two shamrocks sable.

Submitted under the name Conall O'Maccus.

Deille of Farnham. Badge. Or, on a saltire vert a pawprint Or.

Dietrich Nibelung. Device. Gules, two swords in saltire and on a chief argent three dragon's heads couped gules.

Dietrich von Ravensburg. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Dietreich von Ravensburg, the submitter requested authenticity for German and allowed minor changes. No evidence was found that Dietreich is a period variant of Dietrich. Therefore, in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the spelling to Dietrich, which is dated to 1318 in Talan Gwynek's article "Medieval German Given Names From Silesia" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/).

Henry of Three Needles. Device change. Or, a standing seraph gules.

The submitter's previous device, Per bend sinister sable and argent, a bear sejant erect guardant contourny counterchanged, collared and muzzled sable, chained argent, is retained as a badge.

This does not conflict with Jussi of Ylitalo, Or, an angel statant to sinister arm extended sable, head and hand argent. There is a CD for changing the tincture of the angel. Jussi's angel is statant to sinister with its wings addorsed. The standing seraph is in its default affronty position, with its six wings in their default posture (the top two displayed and elevated, the middle two displayed and out to the side, and the bottom two crossed over the body). Thus, there is a CD for changing the posture, just as there would be between a bird displayed and a bird rising to sinister wings addorsed.

NEW ITEM, reblazonIsabelle d'Avallon. Device reblazon. Azure, three natural dolphins naiant in annulo one and two, a chief wavy argent.

Her previous blazon was Azure, three natural dolphins naiant in annulo, a chief wavy argent. This reblazon locates the dolphins explicitly. Since charges in annulo are clockwise by default, it also defines the dolphins' posture.

Jak Graam of Ardmoor. Name.

Submitted as Jack Graeme of Ardmoor, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Scotland and allowed any changes. Black (p. 381 s.n. Jack) dates Robert Jack to 1567. This is the earliest form, either as a given name or as a byname, with a -ck spelling listed in this entry. Black (p. 215 s.n. Donaldsone) dates Jak Donaldson to 1453 and (p. 323 s.n. Graham) dates the form Graam to 1341. We have changed the name to these forms to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Katrín Þorfinssdóttir. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Katrín Thorfinnsdottir, the submitter requested authenticity for 9th–11th C Norse and allowed minor changes. Since the accent is being used in Katrín, the thorn and accent should be used in the byname as well.

Leslie of Twin Moons. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevon inverted azure and purpure, a chevron inverted vert fimbriated and in chief a crescent argent.

Submitted under the name Keshvar bint Afsar al-Mah.

Margaret McNeill. Name and device. Or, a lily slipped and leaved gules and on a chief dovetailed purpure three fleurs-de-lys Or.

Submitted as Margaret McNeal, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Scottish and allowed any changes. Black (s.n. McNeil) lists McNeal as an undated header form and dates Gilbert McNeill to 1329. Black (p. 321 s.n. Gourton) also dates Margaret de Gouiertoun to temp. David II. The earliest example of a woman's given name used with a Mac- byname/surname that we've found so far is dated to 1406 (Black, p. 471 s.n. MacClumpha, Joneta Makgillumquha), but it is reasonable to assume that this construction may have occurred right at the end of the 14th C, just a few years earlier than the 1406 date.

Please advise the submitter to draw the dovetailing more evenly, so that the dovetails down have the same width as the dovetails up.

Micaela Leslie. Name and device. Argent, a pillar sable surmounted by a horse passant contourny and on a chief rayonny purpure a rose slipped and leaved argent.

This name combines an Italian given name with a Scots byname. Mixing Italian and Scots in a name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of August 1999 (Laertes McBride). The LoI documented Leslie from Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Leslie), which gives two etymologies for this surname. The etymology containing the spelling Leslie cites only dated examples from Black, which means that Leslie is Scots, not English.

While the pillar and horse combination were universally found to be evocative of a carousel horse, it does not appear to be so obtrusively modern as to warrant return. Please note a very similar design found in the period arms of v. König, Siebmacher f. 146, Azure a pillar Or surmounted by a horse salient argent.

Radigost the Lame. Name and device. Per fess sable and purpure, in chief three escallops and in base eight spears in annulo hafts to center Or.

The byname the Lame is a Lingua Anglica translation of the Russian byname Khromoi, which Wickenden dates to circa 1495. Therefore, a fully Russian form of this name would be Radigost Khromoi.

Raven Mayne. Device. Argent, in pale a goute de sang and a tick on a chief sable a decrescent argent.

Thomas de Lacy. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and vert, a Lacy knot counterchanged and a label sable.

The Lacy knot depicted in this submission is not quite the standard Lacy Knot. Please advise the submitter to draw the Lacy knot correctly. The standard SCA Lacy knot in the Pictorial Dictionary (which matches the Lacy knot illustration in Brooke-Little's An Heraldic Alphabet, Fox-Davies' Heraldic Badges, and Boutell's Heraldry) has a lozengewise orientation, as with the knot submitted here. However, the Lacy knot in the Pictorial Dictionary has a more complicated center part than the one shown here. A Lacy knot in the aforementioned sources is effectively a large Bowen knot lozengewise fretted with another crosswise which is fretted in the center with an annulet. The Lacy knot in Parker's A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry omits the annulet and is drawn with an overall delfwise orientation rather than lozengewise. (The second, smaller, Bowen knot also is drawn "tauter" than the one in the standard Lacy knot, which needs some "slack" to allow the central annulet to be fretted with it.) The Lacy knot in this submission is drawn lozengewise (like the standard Lacy knot) but without the annulet (like Parker's non-standard Lacy knot).

Labels are throughout by default, so this need not be blazoned.

NEW ITEMThomas Towlewardie. Device reblazon. Quarterly purpure and sable, a tree blasted and couped the trunk transfixed by an arrow fesswise reversed Or.

His previous blazon, Quarterly purpure and sable, a tree blasted the trunk surmounted by an arrow fesswise reversed Or, implied that the arrow was an overall charge. The arrow appears to be more of a maintained charge, and is being reblazoned to reflect this.

Thomas Towlewardie. Badge. (Fieldless) A tree blasted and couped the trunk transfixed by an arrow fesswise reversed Or.

This tree is identical to the one on his registered device, including the lack of detail lines showing whether the arrow surmounts the tree, or vice versa. Since the two charges are the same tincture, this really does not matter for heraldic purposes.

The proportions of the device and of the badge show the tree as primary with the arrow in a "maintained" proportion. However, when the device was registered, Laurel said "This does not conflict with Huette Aliza von und zu Ahrens und Mechthildberg (SCA) Vert, a tree blasted throughout Or. There are CDs for the change to the field and the addition of the overall charge." Therefore, the badge is also clear of Huette's badge by grandfathering.

Because the arrow is more of a maintained charge than an overall charge, which is worth a CD for its addition, we have changed the blazon to "transfixed".

Ysabella Scarlet. Device. Or crescenty gules, a natural panther rampant regardant sable within a bordure gules crescenty Or.

Please advise the submitter to be more careful with the printer inks: this is a rather brownish gules.

ATLANTIA

Agiluf Stahlschmidt. Name.

Alessandra Tironi. Device. Purpure, three musical notes and a dexter tierce Or.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Badge for The King's Guard. (Fieldless) A sea-lion sustaining a sword bendwise sinister Or.

The sword in this emblazon is as long as the sea-lion is tall. The sea-lion has notably more visual weight than the sword because the sea-lion is many times wider than the sword. This lead some members of the College to question whether the sword should be considered a maintained charge rather than a sustained charge. However, there is precedent indicating that the sword in this emblazon should be considered a sustained charge:

[a bear rampant contourny sustaining a halberd] Regarding the "significance" of the halberd, as Green Crown noted, a charge consisting mostly of a long skinny handle will always have difficulty matching the visual weight of other charges, but here the sizes of the charges are about the same as would be expected if they were in fess a bear and a halberd. That seems to be a reasonable rule of thumb for determining sustained (and qualifying for a CD), as opposed to maintained (and not qualifying for a CD), charges. (LoAR September 1994 p. 9)

In arms with a sea-lion and a sword in fess, the sword would be as long as the sea-lion is tall. Therefore, this sword should be considered a sustained charge.

This is therefore clear of conflict with Richard of the Silverdawn, Gyronny gules and ermine, a lion dragon erect Or and Emma of Elandonan, Per fess wavy ermine and azure, a sealion Or maintaining a trident sable. In both cases there is one CD for fieldlessness and another for the addition of the sustained charge.

Avelyn Harris. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Scot/Irish. As documented, this name is a fine English name. Lacking evidence that either name was used in Ireland or Scotland in the 14th C, it is likely not authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture.

Bohemond Guiscard. Device. Sable, a sunburst Or clouded argent and in chief three prickspurs reversed argent.

Craig of Atlantia. Holding name and device. Azure, a pithon erect to sinister and on a chief argent three roundels azure.

These arms were originally submitted under the name Aeschylus Grendel, which was returned on the December 2001 LoAR.

Cynwrig ap Rhys. Alternate name Kenneth Pyke.

The submitter requested authenticity for England and allowed no changes. As the given name is documented as Scots, this name is not authentic for England.

There was some question regarding the plausibility of the spelling Kenneth as a period spelling. Black (p. 393 s.n. Kennethson) dates Alexander Kennethson to 1430. Therefore, Kenneth is a reasonable period spelling.

Dun Carraig, Barony of. Badge. Argent, a pair of compasses and in base a cross bottony all within a bordure embattled gules.

The submission was designated as being for the Tinkerer's Guild. However, this is not a generic designation. A tinker is a period artisan, and thus a Tinker's Guild would be a generic designation (like a Blacksmith's Guild) which could be applied to a badge. However, tinkerer does not seem to be a period occupation. Since the branch does not have the name Tinkerer's Guild registered to them, the designation has been removed.

Edmund Sharpe. Device. Vert, a bend sinister argent ermined vert between three ermine spots argent.

When there are three or more ermine spots on a stripe ordinary such as a bend or fess or chief, the ordinary will be interpreted as ermined, as this is a standard way of drawing an ermine stripe ordinary. It is also true that small numbers of ermine spots on the field may be interpreted as charges, rather than part of an ermined tincture. Three spots around a bend sinister are so sparsely distributed that they can only be interpreted as charges.

No documentation was presented, and none was found, for the combination of ermine spots as distinct charges and ermine spots as part of an ermined tincture in the same armory. Until documentation for this combination is presented, this combination will be considered a weirdness.

Esmé Douglass. Name.

Evelyn Merry. Name and device. Vert, a butterfly bendwise sinister Or.

Submitted as Evelyn Merrymet, no documentation was provided and none was found that Merrymet was a phrase used in period. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable. If such documentation were found, evidence would also be needed that Merrymet would be a plausible "phrase" byname. None of the period examples provided in the LoI included a phrase which had a past tense element. In the example of Welcum found in Reaney & Wilson (p. 480 s.n. Welcome), come is not past tense.

The submitter specifically allowed the byname to be changed to Merry if Merrymet was not registerable. We have made this change.

Generys ferch Ednuyed ap Madauc. Name.

Gwynaeth Pembroke. Device change. Per bend argent and sable, a kris inverted bendwise sinister between six roses counterchanged.

Her previous device, Vert, a kris bendwise sinister inverted between two domestic cats sejant guardant Or, is released.

Gwynaeth Pembroke. Badge. (Fieldless) A rose per bend argent and sable overall a kris bendwise sinister per bend sable and argent.

Hugh de Bardenay. Name.

Hugh Wallace. Device. Azure, two ladles in saltire and on a chief argent three mullets sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chief wider and all the other charges somewhat larger.

Jasper Wiseman. Name and device. Per chevron inverted azure and vert, a cat passant guardant and two rapiers Or.

There was some question whether this name conflicts with Caspar, one of the three Magi, since Withycombe (s.n. Jasper) says that "Jasper is the usual English form of Gaspar or Caspar, which was the traditional name of one of the Three Kings (Gaspar, Melchior, Balthasar) into whom medieval legend transformed the 'wise men' who came to Bethlehem to worship the infant Christ." RfS V.3 "Names Claiming Specific Relationships" states "Names that unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected person or literary character will generally not be registered ... In some cases a unique name, surname, or epithet is so closely related to an individual that its use alone can imply relationship to that individual." The question is whether this name unmistakably implies identity with Caspar. Jasper is dated to 1370 in Withycombe (p. 173 s.n. Jasper) as an English given name. Wiseman is listed in Reaney & Wilson (p. 497 s.n. Wiseman). This entry dates the spellings Wisman to 1154 and Wyseman to 1471. Neither Jasper nor Wiseman are unique to the member of the Magi and so do not imply identity with him when used on their own. Therefore, this name is clear of the restriction in RfS V.3.

The question now becomes whether the submission conflicts with Caspar as a submission of Henry England would conflict with any of the kings of England named Henry. Though the group is routinely referred to as the Magi, The Three Kings, or The Three Wise Men, the individuals are not referred to as Caspar the Wise Man or Caspar Magus. Therefore, the submitted name does not conflict with a form of Caspar's name and this submission is registerable.

Jehan Yves de Chateau Thiery. Household name House of the Two Tigers and badge. Vair, two natural tigers passant counterpassant Or marked sable.

Johan Krieg. Device. Sable, a dragon passant argent and a bordure embattled argent crusilly bottony sable.

Kateryn Rous. Badge. Gules, a fleur-de-lys between four crescents in cross horns to center and conjoined at the tips argent.

Kyneburh Boithuile and Ragnarr Blackhammer. Joint badge. (Fieldless) On a quatrefoil per bend azure and sable a lion rampant Or.

Laura de Givet. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, two rapiers in saltire sable overall a rose proper and a chief sable.

Submitted under the name Belphoebe de Givet.

Luce Anthony Venus. Device. Per pale gules and azure, a pegasus couchant and on a chief argent three delfs azure.

Maeve Flannery. Name.

Michael of Lochmere. Holding name and device. Vair, on a fess sable three seeblatter Or.

Submitted under the name Michel von Schönsee, the submitter's name was returned in December 2001 for lack of forms. The name has been resubmitted and we have received the forms. Since the name form indicates that the submitter will accept a holding name, we are able to register this device with a holding name.

Muirenn ingen Dara. Device. Vert, a fess between three acorns Or.

Randolf Garard. Name and device. Azure, a wolf statant and on a chief embattled argent five card piques vert and on a mount argent a card pique vert.

Please advise the submitter to draw the device so that the chief is larger, the mount is smaller, and the card piques fill the available space.

Rivkah bat Zakkai. Name and device. Argent, a sun gules overall a pall arrondy sable.

Séamus mac Inneirghe. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Argent, three roses and on a chief indented fleury at the base points vert a rapier reversed argent.

There was some question regarding a potential conflict between this name and the submitter's legal name, James Henry. An SCA name must differ from a submitter's legal name by at least one syllable. Just as James fitz Henry is clear of the submitter's legal name by the addition of the syllable fitz, Séamus mac Inneirghe is clear of the submitter's legal name by addition of the syllable mac.

Sylvanus Perrin. Badge. (Fieldless) A rhinoceros statant argent.

Tahir the Mad. Name (see PENDS for device).

This name was originally submitted as Tahir the Crazy and changed at kingdom with the explanation "The submitter was quite emphatic that he wanted the byname to mean 'insane'; since that meaning for 'crazy' is out of period, we have substituted the documentable 'mad'." No documentation was presented in the LoI that mad is a period spelling. Bardsley (p. 505 s.n. Mad) dates Jordan le Madde to 20 Edw. I. As the spelling mad appears in Shakespeare (A Comedy of Errors, Act II, Scene ii), the Mad is a plausible period variant of the documented le Madde.

Mixing Arabic and English in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness.

Theodora Delamore. Badge. (Fieldless) Three ivy leaves conjoined in pall argent.

Ulric von Vohburg. Name change from Ulric the Fox.

His previous name, Ulric the Fox, is retained as an alternate name.

Yseulte Trevelyn. Device change. Gules, three fountains.

Nice device! Her previous device, Gules, a lioness rampant guardant contourny argent between two flaunches barry wavy azure and argent, is released.

Yseulte Trevelyn. Badge. (Fieldless) A saltcellar shedding salt argent.

Nice badge! And given the period canting badge of a daisy (also known as a marguerite) for someone with the given name Marguerite, quite appropriate. (It makes sense that canting badges, which are personal, might refer to the given name, while canting arms, which apply to whole families of people with different given names, apply to the surname.)

According to the Pictorial Dictionary, when a saltcellar is drawn shedding salt, the salt must be explicitly blazoned, and so we have added that information into the blazon. We wish the submitter better luck than we had in clearly enunciating the phrase "Yseulte's saltcellar shedding salt by the seashore".

CAID

Artemisia di Serena. Name and device. Vert, a sea-fox guardant between in chief two tripod pipkins argent.

Submitted as Artemisia  Seréna, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Italian and allowed any changes. The accent marks in De Felice are for pronunciation only. Therefore, we have removed the accent from the byname. By the 16th C, the most likely forms of this surname are the matronymic forms Sereni and di Serena. As the submitter is most interested in sound, we have changed the byname to the second form to meet her request for authenticity.

The charges in chief were blazoned as pots on the LoI, and as pipkins by the submitter. An SCA default pot lacks the prominent side handle and legs on this charge. We have thus reblazoned them as tripod pipkins. Tripod pipkins are small to medium sized pottery vessels used for cooking from the 15th C. They are round vessels with a horizontal handle and three legs in a tripod configuration. The handle is to dexter by default.

For an easily available reference on pipkins, see The Medieval Ceramic Industry of the Severn Valley, Alan Vince, specifically chap. 7 (Pottery forms and Typology, subheading Food Preparation Vessels, Pipkins). This unpublished thesis may be found on-line at http://www.postex.demon.co.uk/thesis/thesis.htm. Also according to this thesis, the same shaped vessel made of metal (rather than of pottery) would be called a tripod skillet by archeologists. A picture of a tripod skillet, which is the same shape as these pipkins, may be found on p. 162 of The Medieval Household, Geoff Egan, Medieval Science from Excavations in London: 6, to describe a vessel of this shape.

Aurora Aquila Danaielliz. Name.

Submitted as Aurora Aquila Danaellus, this name combined two Italian feminine given names and an undated Spanish masculine given name. Though unmarked patronymics appear in Spanish, the only dated example of this name that was found was a patronymic form dated to 1058 in Diez-Melcon (p. 172). Lacking evidence of the form Danaellus in period, we have changed the byname to the dated patronymic form in order to register the name.

Cedric Myles Madoc and Kevin Daniel Madoc. Joint household name House of the White Aurochs and badge. Vert, a bull's head cabossed and a gore sinister argent.

Fáelán mac Cathail. Device. Per pale vert and gules, a wolf passant and in chief three crescents argent.

Garrett O'Doherty. Badge. Per fess azure and argent, a compass star throughout and a bordure counterchanged.

This is clear of conflict with Ælfwine Widfara, Per bend sinister azure and argent a compass star within a bordure counterchanged. There is one CD for changing the field tincture, another CD for changing the tincture of the primary charge (the compass star), and a third CD for changing the tincture of the bordure. There is nothing in the Rules for Submission which calls for considering conflict with a rotated version of the entire armory. Nor is there visual confusion between these two armories when they are displayed in their correct orientations.

Herold von Insel. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 11th–12th C German (specifically a German mercenary serving in the Byzantine empire) and allowed minor changes. Submitted as Harold von Insel, the given name was changed at kingdom to a form dated to 1323, as no documentation had been provided for Harold. As we were unable to find examples of these name elements in 11th–12th C German, we were unable to make it authentic for his desired time period.

Kevin Daniel Madoc. Name.

Maria de Isla. Name.

Submitted as Maria de las Islas, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Spanish and allowed minor changes. No documentation was provided and none was found that de las Islas is a plausible locative byname in period. Fernando de Ysla is listed in Juliana de Luna's article "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/). As 'Y' and 'I' are used interchangably in the initial letters of the names Ynes and Ysabel in this article, de Isla is a reasonable variant of de Ysla. As we were unable to find examples of any form of this byname in the 12th C, we were unable to make this name authentic for her desired time period.

Mark of Calafia. Holding name and device. Azure, a wolf's head cabossed between two feathers inverted and a feather fesswise reversed and on a bordure argent six grenades gules enflamed Or.

These arms were originally submitted under the name Quin Phelan, which was returned on the August 2001 LoAR.

Mikhail Dam'ianovich. Name and device. Argent, a chevron embattled sable between three double-headed eagles gules.

Listed on the LoI as Mikhail Darm'ianovich, both the documentation and the submission form show the byname as Dam'ianovich.

This is clear of conflict with Charles of the Red Oakes, Argent, a chevron raguly sable between three acorns, slipped and leaved, gules. There is one CD for changing the type of secondary charge. There is a second CD for the difference between a chevron raguly (which is raguly both on the top and the bottom by default) and a chevron embattled (on the top edge only, by default.)

Rosamond de Crèvecoeur. Name.

Southron Gaard, Barony of. Order name L'Ordre du Coeur Loyal.

Thomas Ravenwood of Western Seas. Name (see PENDS for device).

Uaine Tannian. Name.

Uta Blackthorne. Name.

CALONTIR

Æthan Gunn. Name.

Listed on the LoI as AEthan Gunn, this name was submitted as Æthan Gunn. We have returned it to that spelling, as it is the documented spelling. The submitter requested authenticity for Irish. As we were able to find neither element in Ireland, we were unable to make this name authentic for Irish.

Áine Táilliúir. Name.

Submitted as Áine Tailleur, the submitter requested authenticity for Scots/Irish and allowed any changes. As submitted, this name combines the Gaelic Áine and the Scots Tailleur. An authentic name in period would have been written all in Gaelic or all in Scots depending upon the language of the document that the name was recorded in. Woulfe (p. 676) gives the Gaelic form of this surname as Táilliúir. We have changed the name to a completely Gaelic form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Alisandre d'Ambrecourt. Name and device. Argent, on a cross between four columbine flowers purpure slipped and leaved vert a heart argent.

Good name!

Amelyn Dauncer. Name and device. Azure, a bend chevronelly Or and gules between two crosses formy Or.

Bedwyr ap Gwythyr. Name.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Condor Herald.

As stated by Garnet, "The word condor was adopted into English from Spanish, where it is found in the 16th century (the Andes were explored during the 1530s)." As the condor was a New World animal known in the 16th C, this name follows the pattern of heraldic titles based on charges.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Falconet Herald.

There was some question regarding whether or not this submission conflicted with Falcon Pursuivant or King of Arms (ruled as protected and included in the O&A in 8/87). There is a precedent:

[registering House Loch Mor] This is clear of the registered branch names Lochmorrow and Lochmere. (Alina of Loch Mor, 2/96 p. 9)

Falcon and Falconet have about as much diffence in sound and appearance as Loch Mor and Lochmorrow. Therefore, this heraldic title is clear of the protected Falcon Pursuivant or King of Arms.

While the word falconet dates to 1559, the OED defines it as "A light piece of ordnance of various calibres", not as a type of bird. The word falconet only dates to 1851 as a type of bird. As the 1559 definition refers to an item which could conceivably be used as a heraldic charge, this title is registerable.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Purple Falcon Herald.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Red Hawk Herald.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Shrike Herald.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Sparrow Hawk Herald.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title White Hawk Herald.

Cassandra Isabella Borghi. Name and device. Or, a bunch of grapes slipped and leaved proper and on a chief purpure three chalices Or.

Submitted as Cassandra Isabella di Borghi, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th–16th C Italian and allowed any changes. As Borghi is a locative byname, it does not take the particle di. Therefore, we have dropped that element.

Deirdre of Lost Moor. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, on a chevron inverted between three decrescents Or three tassels vert.

Submitted under the name Deirdre Mueller von Thurn.

Dirk MacMartin. Device. Azure, four compass stars two one and one and on a chief Or a dog passant azure.

Dirk MacMartin. Badge. (Fieldless) On a dog passant azure a compass star Or.

Eadweard Boise the Wright. Name change from holding name Eadward of Forgotten Sea.

There was some question regarding the registerability of the mix of elements in this name. Eadweard is an Old English form of the name common today as Edward. Reaney & Wilson (p. 58 s.n. Boyes) dates John Boyse to 1396. Other examples in this entry show the 'i' to 'y' vowel switch. So Boise is registerable as a Middle English form of this name. Dr D.A. Postles, ed., "Lincolnshire Lay Subsidy: Santon" (parish of Lindsey, village of Santon, http://www.le.ac.uk/elh/pot/lindsey/santon.html) lists John le Wright on line 15. Use of the instead of le is shown in Reaney & Wilson (p. 336 s.n. Painter) which dates Richard the Paintur to 1240. So, the byname the Wright is registerable as a Middle English byname. Mixing Old English and Middle English in a single name was ruled a weirdness in the LoAR of October 2001 (s.n. Saxsa Corduan). Therefore, this name is registerable as submitted.

Faolán Táilliúir. Name and device. Or, in pale a Lochaber axe fesswise and a wolf's head ululant erased contourny sable all within a bordure azure semy of mullets of four points Or.

Submitted as Fáelán Tailleur, the submitter requested authenticity for "Any" language/culture (presumably Ireland or Scotland from the documentation) and allowed any changes. As submitted, this name combines the Gaelic Fáelán and the Scots Tailleur. Additionally, Fáelán is a Middle Irish Gaelic (pre-1200) form. The Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200–c. 1700) form of this name is Faolán. Woulfe (p. 676) gives the Gaelic form of this surname as Táilliúir. Additionally, Taylor migrated into Gaelic late enough that it would not have been found with a Middle Irish given name. Therefore, we have changed the name to a completely Early Modern Gaelic form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Fionnghuala inghean ui Fhallamhain. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Fionnuala inghean ui Fallamhain, Fionnualla is a modern spelling:

Fionnualla is a post-period form of the name Fionnghuala. Barring evidence that it was used in period, it is not registerable. [Fionnghuala O Murrigane, A-Artemisia, LoAR 12/2001]

Additionally, we have added the necessary lenition to the byname.

Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge. Argent, a Lacy knot and a bordure vert.

Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge. Argent, a harp and a base vert.

Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) On a turtle argent a wheel vert.

Francesca Barozzi. Device. Per pale sable and argent, a cat salient counterchanged and a bordure Or semy of pawprints sable.

Gerhard Gelling von dem Hagen. Name and device. Argent, a castle sable portalled of a wooden gate proper and a bordure azure.

Listed on the LoI as Gerhard Geling von  Hagen, the form listed the spelling as Gerhard Gelling von  Hagen. We have made this correction. The particle von is used with proper nouns such as town names. Hagen is a toponymic (specifically a field name), so von would not be used on its own. Bahlow (p. 203 s.n. Hagen) dates Joh. van dem Hagen to 1253, showing dem is the article used before Hagen. Therefore, we have changed the spelling of the byname to von dem Hagen in order to register the name.

Gwilym Penteg de Caernarfon. Device. Vert, on a bend argent three anvils bendwise sinister gules and a bordure argent.

Gwydion ap Kynwric. Name and device. Argent, a dragon segreant gules and on a chief vert three oak leaves bendwise argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the oak leaves in a more distinctly bendwise posture.

James inn Danski. Name and device. Gules, a wolf rampant and on a chief argent three crosses barby fitchy sable.

James is the submitter's legal given name. It is also dated to c. 1240 in Withycombe (s.n. James). Given this early date, there is no weirdness for temporal disparity, just one for the lingual mix, making this name registerable.

Jawhar ibn Akmal. Device change. Or, a sinister hand and on a chief sable three decrescents Or.

The submitter's previous device, Argent, a sinister hand appaumy erased on a chief sable three decrescents argent, is retained as a badge.

Lasair Táilliúir. Name and device. Per pale wavy argent and sable, a Lochaber axe sable and a flame Or.

Submitted as Lasair Tailleur, the submitter requested authenticity for Scots Irish and allowed any changes. As submitted, this name combines the Gaelic Lasair and the Scots Tailleur. An authentic name in period would have been written all in Gaelic or all in Scots depending upon the language of the document that the name was recorded in. Woulfe (p. 676) gives the Gaelic form of this surname as Táilliúir. We have changed the name to a completely Gaelic form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Lyse of Coeur d'Ennui. Name and device. Or, a chevron rompu between three roses purpure barbed and seeded proper.

Madoc Arundel. Badge. Purpure, a Coptic cross throughout between four mullets Or.

Magnus ben Judah. Name and device. Or, a patriarchal cross fitchy and on a chief azure two stars of David Or.

Máire of Aston Tor. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron throughout purpure and argent, two lit candles and a sun in its splendor counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Máire MacPhartháin.

Malgar Thorvik. Device. Or, a pale rayonny pean between six flames gules each charged with a round buckle pin to chief Or.

Malik al-Rashid. Name.

Miriam Rivka bat Yisrael. Name and device. Azure, a crane in its vigilance contourny and on a chief argent an arrow reversed azure.

The LoI stated that the Calontir College recalled a precedent allowing double given names in Jewish, but they were unable to find it. Cornelian found the precedent in question in the Combined Name Precedents at the Laurel Web site:

[Yaakov Avraham ben Obadiah] A question was raised in commentary regarding the use of double given names in period Jewish names. While not the norm, the use was not rare, and therefore we see no reason not to allow it. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1998, p. 7).

Modar Neznanich. Device change. Per pale purpure and argent, in fess two mullets of eight interlocking mascles counterchanged.

The submitter's previous device, Per pale flory counterflory argent, ermined purpure and purpure, to sinister a mullet of eight interlocking mascles argent, all within a bordure counterchanged, is retained as a badge.

In order to avoid exceeding the registration limit, one of the submitter's badges, Purpure, a mullet of eight interlocking mascles argent within a bordure argent ermined purpure, is released.

Nakano Zenjirou Tadamasa. Name and badge. Gules, in pall inverted three feathers conjoined at the quill argent.

This is clear of conflict with Salina of the Dale, Gules, two merlin feathers in pile, points crossed in nombril point, argent. There is one CD for the number of charges and another for posture, since all the feathers have changed in posture. This is also clear of conflict with Christiana Haberdasher, Gules, a feather fan argent, handled Or. There is substantial difference for purposes of RfS X.2 between a feather and a feather fan.

Philip of Crescent Moon. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Rhianydd Arberth. Name and device. Per chevron vert and purpure, three demi-horses contourny conjoined in pall inverted Or.

Listed on the LoI as Rhianydd Arbeth, both the forms and the documentation use the spelling Arberth. We have made this correction.

Rory McGowan. Badge. Argent, a Lacy knot and a bordure gules.

Runa Ketilsdóttir. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Thorfinn of Deodar. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per fess argent and gules, a bird displayed wings inverted sable and a Thor's hammer argent.

The bird was originally blazoned as a raven. However, it is not in a posture used by ravens in period. It has a very eagle-like stylization of the wings and it lacks any other distinguishing features of a raven. It therefore cannot be identified as a raven and must be blazoned as a bird

Submitted under the name Thorfinn Ravenhammer.

Toen Fitzwilliam. Name change from Toen of Aston Tor.

This name mixes the Dutch given name Toen and the English surname Fitzwilliam, which is registerable, though it is a weirdness.

His previous name, Toen of Aston Tor, is released.

Twilleliah Taillur. Name and device. Purpure, a Lacy knot argent and on a chief urdy ermine a Lochaber axe blade to chief sable.

Submitted as Twilleliah Tailleur, the submitter requested authenticity for Scots/Irish and allowed any changes. Twilleliah is an Anglicized Irish form of the Gaelic name Tailefhlaith that Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 169) date to the 17th C. As such, it may or may not appear in our gray area. We are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this name. The registerability of this form may need to be reevaluated in the future if documentation comes to light that clarifies whether this form appears in our gray area or not. As the only documentation for Twilleliah dates it to 17th C Anglicized Irish, we have changed the surname to an Anglicized Irish form dated to temp. Elizabeth I–James I in Woulfe (p. 676 s.n. Táilliúir) to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Wolfgang von Weimar. Name and device. Quarterly sable and argent, a wolf rampant contourny maintaining a sword bendwise within a bordure gules.

Ysabeau Lambert. Device. Or, an angel affronty azure maintaining on its chest a sword inverted proper and a base azure.

DRACHENWALD

Drachenwald, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Dragon's Bowle.

The construction Dragon's X has not been documented to period. However, the order names Order of the Dragon's Jewel (registered August 1987) and Order of the Dragon's Pride (registered May 1988) are registered to Drachenwald. Therefore, the construction Order of the Dragon's X is grandfathered to them so long as whatever X is falls within the rather wide span between Jewel and Pride. A bowl (especially if it were gold or silver) is an object which could conceivably fall into the same category as a jewel, as being part of a dragon's horde. Therefore, this order name is registerable.

Drachenwald, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Dragon's Steel.

The order names Order of the Dragon's Jewel (registered August 1987) and Order of the Dragon's Pride (registered May 1988) are registered to Drachenwald. Therefore, the construction Order of the Dragon's X is grandfathered to them so long as whatever X is falls within the rather wide span between Jewel and Pride. Shakespeare's MacBeth (Act 1, Scene 2) includes the lines:

For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-Disdaining Fortune, with his brandish'd steel,Which smoked with bloody execution,Like valour's minion carved out his passageTill he faced the slave;

This gives evidence of steel being used to refer to a sword. A sword could conceivably be part of a dragon's horde. Therefore, this order name is registerable.

Isengau, Shire of. Device. Sable, a tankard Or foamed argent within a laurel wreath within a bordure embattled Or.

Melodi of Drachenwald. Holding name and device. Per pale vert and gules, a cat sejant between three drop spindles Or.

These arms were originally submitted under the name Ságadís Duncansdaughter, which was returned on the January 2002 LoAR.

LOCHAC

Cairistiona nic Bheathain. Device change. Vert, a mandrake Or.

This is clear of conflict with a badge of Migel Gneuyle de Normandie, Gules, an old man statant affronty maintaining sword and shield Or. The mandrake in this submission is drawn with a more humanoid root than is found in the Pictorial Dictionary, but it is compatible with depictions of mandrakes in some period herbals. There is a CD between a mandrake and a human figure: "We feel there is a CD between a mandrake and human figures as there is between other fanciful heraldic creatures (e.g. angels) and human figures. (LoAR September 1993, pg. 12)". A visual comparison with Migel's badge shows no overwhelming visual similarity: Migel's man is in a long robe, has no headgear, and has a long beard.

The submitter's previous device, Per pale vert and Or, two cats sejant affronty counterchanged, is released.

Cillíne of Lochac. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Purpure, a bee Or and in chief three mullets argent.

Submitted under the name Cillíne Ruadh.

Elayne Montjoy. Device change. Sable, three trefoils Or.

Classic device! Her previous device, Azure, a demi-sun issuant from base Or, on a chief argent three shamrocks vert, is released.

Lucas d'Avignon. Device. Gules, a fox salient within an orle of fleurs-de-lys Or.

Will Dekne. Name.

MERIDIES

Aaron Hawksmoor. Name and device. Lozengy argent and gules, a hawk contourny and on a chief sable three tankards reversed argent.

Annen Swartzwalt. Name and device. Lozengy gules and Or, on a pale argent three lions rampant gules.

Submitted as Annchen von dem Schwarzwald, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C German and allowed any changes. No documentation was presented and none was found that Annchen is a period variant of Anne. Therefore, we have changed the spelling to Annen, which is supported by matronymic bynames in Bahlow (p. 16 s.nn. Annen). Brechenmacher (p. 582 s.n. Schwarzwald) dates Cuonr. Swartzwalt uß der Summerowe to 1443. While this example does not date to the 16th C, it is the closest dated example we were able to find. We have changed the byname to this form to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Cerfael Carreg of Aberdaron. Name.

Chrestienne de Kalais. Name and device. Per pale azure and gules, a crescent within a bordure rayonny Or.

Submitted as Chrestienne de Calais, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C France and allowed any changes. Dauzat & Rostaing (s.n. Calais) date the spelling Kalais to 1181. We have changed the byname to this form in response to the submitter's request for authenticity.

Conor O'Bryan. Name and device. Vert, on a chevron between three tankards Or three lions passant guardant gules.

Dairine ingen Dhomnaill. Device change. Azure, a tower argent and a base argent ermined azure.

Her previous device, Vert, a tower supported by two unicorns combattant argent and a chief argent ermined vert, is released.

Egan mac Muirgein. Name and device. Argent, a seawolf and on a chief embattled sable three fleurs-de lys-argent.

Submitted as Keegan Muirgen, the submitter allowed any changes and noted that the meaning 'little and fiery born of the sea' was most important. The major problem with this name as submitted is that the first element, Keegan, is an Anglicized Gaelic byname being used as a given name and the second element, Muirgen, is a Middle Irish (pre-1200) Irish Gaelic given name being used as a byname.

Keegan is an Anglicized form of the Gaelic byname Mac Aodhagáin. The 'K' sound at the beginning derives from the 'c' in Mac. The entry in Woulfe (s.n. Mac Aodhagáin) cited in the LoI supports use of Keegan as a byname, not a given name. Lacking documentation of the use of Keegan in period as a given name, it is not registerable. The submitter also documented Keegan from a Web site entitled "Irish/Irish Gaelic Male Names" (http://www.crosswinds.net/~daire/names/irishmale.html). Unfortunately, this site is useless for our purposes. The names listed are modern and many are not Gaelic forms. Gaelic does not have the letters 'j', 'k', 'v', 'w', 'y', or 'z'. This site should definitely be avoided for name documentation.

Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 14 s.n. Áeducán) gives the Anglicized Irish form of this given name as Egan. We have changed the given name to this form in order to retain the desired meaning of his given name.

As neither double given names nor unmarked patronymics were used in Gaelic in period, Muirgen is not registerable on its own in this position. We have added the particle mac and put Muirgen into the genitive to make this a patronymic byname.

Since the submitter did not have a request for authenticity, we have made the minimum changes to register the name. This name combines Anglicized Irish and Gaelic. A fully Gaelic form of the name would be Áeducán mac Muirgein.

Please advise the submitter to draw the embattlements deeper and more regularly.

Elizabeth Rea. Device. Per saltire argent and vert, a mortar and pestle sable.

This was pended from August 2001 for discussion of whether it conflicted with Caitlin Ó hAodha, Quarterly gules and argent, a tankard sable. Mortars and pestles have some consistent visual differences from tankards. The mortar lacks the tankard's handle, and the tankard lacks the pestle emerging from the mouth of the mortar. Tankards tend to taper outwards towards the bottom, and mortars and pestles tend to taper inwards towards the bottom, but neither of these items has a completely fixed form in period. This mortar and pestle does lack the typical taper inwards towards the bottom, but it is also drawn very much like the SCA's defining instance, shown in the Pictorial Dictionary, so it can be considered a valid form of mortar and pestle.

After due consideration, the visual differences between tankards and mortars and pestles are sufficient for a CD. Therefore, versus Caitlin, there is a CD for changing the field and another CD for changing the type of charge.

Elizabet MacKenzie de Ross. Name and device. Argent, two herons respectant necks entwined and on a chief invected azure two swords inverted in saltire argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Scotland. As we were unable to find a form of MacKenzie dated to this time period, we were unable to meet her request for authenticity.

There was some question regarding whether combining MacKenzie with de Ross was presumptuous, since the MacKenzies were one of the clans that held lands in Ross. As no MacKenzie held the title Earl of Ross, this name is clear of presumption. The title Earl of Ross was held first by Ross and later by MacDonald.

Engelise Blanchette. Name.

Gerberga of Ardennes. Badge. Per bend purpure and argent, a crutch and a duck naiant counterchanged.

Hildegund von Bieber. Device. Or, two beavers sejant erect respectant a ford proper all within a bordure sable.

This was pended from August 2001 due to a misblazon.

Jacquelinne Sauvageon. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Jeane of Cumbrae. Name.

Submitted as Sine of Cumbrae, Sine was documented from Withycombe (s.n. Jane) as a Gaelic form of Jane. When Withycombe is discussing names in languages other than English, she is usually referring to modern forms. No documentation was provided and the College found none that Sine is a period Gaelic name. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable.

As the submitter allowed any changes, we have changed the given name to a Scots form dated to 1596 in Black (p. 501 s.n. MacGillies) in order to register this name.

Additionally, the submitter requested that the Gaelic form of of Cumbrae be used. She also requested authenticity for Scottish/Irish Gaelic language/culture and allows any changes. While locatives (like of Cumbrae) appear in Scots and Anglicized Irish records, their use in Gaelic is quite different. Current research has found no examples of locatives in Scottish Gaelic that are not part of chiefly titles. In Irish Gaelic, locative bynames appear but are vanishingly rare. While a few refer to countries outside of Ireland, none have yet been found that refer to a region outside of Ireland that is smaller than a country. Given this information about locatives in Gaelic, as well as the College being unable to find a Gaelic form of of Cumbrae, we are unable to meet the submitter's request for authenticity for Gaelic.

Kunrad Eisenhart. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Magdalena de Filippi. Name.

Melisant of Exmoor. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th C England and allowed no changes. Mills (p. 125 s.n. Exmoor) dates the form Exmora to 1204. Since Melisant is dated to 1213 in Withycombe (p. 220 s.n. Millicent), Melisant de Exmora would be a name authentic to just past her requested time period. As she allows no changes, we were unable to change this name to meet her request for authenticity.

Óláfr Ljótarson af Øy. Name (see RETURNS for badge).

Listed on the LoI as Olaf Lutherson of Oland, this name was submitted as Olaf Lutherson of Öland. The submitter requested an authentic 11th–14th C Scandinavian name and allowed any changes. Olaf is an Anglicized form of the Norse Óláfr. Luther is a German name. The Norse form of this name is Ljótr. We were unable to find documentation for the submitter's desired time period, but Hund found documentation for a 10th C form of this name:

An early period given name is Óláfr, from Geirr Bassi. A patronymic based on Ljótr would be Ljótarson, and the name of the island is Öland, the early version of which in Gordon is Øy. Making the fully documented 10th century Norse name Óláfr Ljótarson af Øy.

We have changed the name to this form to partially comply with the submitter's request for authenticity.

Rashid ibn Hilal. Name change from holding name Lucian of Troll Fen.

Robert Justice. Name change from Robert Juste and device. Sable, a standing balance Or and on a chief embattled argent five mullets sable.

Bardsley (p. 438 s.n. Justice) dates John Justice to 1571. As Robert was a common given name in this time period, this is an excellent name.

His previous name, Robert Juste, is released.

Rúadhán of Thor's Mountain. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale Or and sable, a lymphad between three anchors counterchanged and on a chief embattled vert three harps Or.

Submitted under the name Rúadhán na Aillte an Mhothair Ó Ceallaigh.

Sefferey of Wessex. Device. Gules, three axes argent.

This is clear of conflict with Wolfram von Eschenbach, Gules, two axes addorsed argent hafted proper (important non-SCA arms). There is one CD for changing the number of axes. The question was raised whether there is a second CD for changing the orientation of one of Wolfram's axes. If one looks at Wolfram's arms and counts the orientation change before the number change then one half of the group is changed and there is a CD for it. If one counts the number change first then only one of three charges has changed orientation and so no CD is granted. (A similar analysis can be made moving in the other direction, from Sefferey's submission to Wolfram's arms.)

The Rules for Submission give no indication that one class of change is to be considered before another. Precedent superficially appears to favor the less generous reading. As Palimpsest noted, "Consider the return of the submission of Leonia Dubarry in the January, 1993 LoAR. This compared three charges 2&1 vs in chief two charges. Laurel wrote in part, 'To sum up: the change from three charges 2&1 to two charges in chief cannot count a second CD for placement on the field, because two charges can't be 2&1' While it is true that two charges can't be 2&1, it is also true that three charges can be in chief. This leaves the implication that the less generous interpretation prevails." Consulting the 1993 text, however, shows that Laurel also adduced examples of the change from three charges 2 & 1 to two charges in chief being used as a cadency step in period. These examples of cadency forced Laurel to apply the less generous interpretation. In Sefferey's case, there is no reason to believe that the change from two axes addorsed to three axes all with blades to dexter is but one cadency step. Therefore we can give the submitter the benefit of the doubt and grant the second CD.

Note that under current precedent, there is no difference for changing the tincture of the hafts of the axes: "[A woodaxe reversed argent] Conflict with... a battle axe Or, headed argent, the edge to sinister... In each case there is... nothing for the change in tincture of the handle only." (LoAR June 1992 p.18).

Stephen of Forth Castle. Device. Per bend sable and paly gules and Or, a double-bitted anvil Or.

Sunnifa Rodgeirsdóttir. Name.

Wernherus Rudemann. Name and device. Ermine, on a fess between three roses purpure a cubit arm fesswise contourny argent maintaining an apple gules slipped and leaved vert.

William MacArthur. Name.

Ýri eyverska. Name and device. Azure, on a bend argent between two hawks Or three trees proper.

MIDDLE

Bj{o,}rn Þorkelson. Name (see PENDS for device).

Érennach ingen uí Rónaín. Name.

Leolin Gofar. Badge. (Fieldless) An otter head couped gules its muzzle marked argent.

Rowena de Montacute. Device. Argent chapé ployé vert, in pale three oak leaves fesswise reversed vert.

The Letter of Intent blazoned the field as per chevron throughout ployé. We have restored the submitter's original blazon for the field.

Safia al-Zarqa' bint 'Abd al-Jaleel. Name and device. Azure, a lily argent and a bordure argent semy of crescents azure.

Submitted as Safia al-Zarqa' bint 'abd al-Jaleel. The convention is that the word 'Abd is capitalized in transcriptions of Arabic names. We have made this change.

Víkingr Járnhauss inn Hárlangi. Name change from Alan Járnhauss inn Hárlangi and device change. Per pale gules and vert, a chaine shot Or.

Víkingr is documented in Geirr Bassi (p. 16) as a given name.

His previous name, Alan Járnhauss inn Hárlangi, is released.

This depiction of the chaine shot is from the 1611 edition of Guillim's A Display of Heraldrie, which is within our grey area for documentation. The chaine shot was found as a period item before 1600: the term chaine-shot is found in the Compact Oxford English Dictionary (new edition) dated 1581 under the heading chain-shot. This emblazon matches Parker's depiction of the same charge, showing that it became a standard depiction.

The submitter's previous device, Per pale gules and vert, two chains in saltire debruised by a cartouche fesswise Or, is retained as a badge.

Víkingr Járnhauss inn Hárlangi. Badge. (Fieldless) A chaine shot Or.

OUTLANDS

Alaric der Jaeger and Adelaide Ehrhardt. Joint badge (see RETURNS for joint household name). (Fieldless) A crux ansata argent winged sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the crux ansata larger in proportion to the wings.

Submitted with the name House of the Winged Ankh.

Brian macc Fáeláin. Name and device. Per saltire sable and gules, a tyger rampant argent between three mullets of eight points Or.

Brighid inghean Fhearghusa. Name.

Castellana Alcon. Name.

Conchobar mac Eoin. Badge. Argent, a claymore inverted bendwise between two thistles sable.

This is clear of conflict with Corwin Breemore, Argent, a sword bendwise inverted sable, its blade entwined with a heather vine proper, between a raven's head erased close and another reversed, both sable, beaked gules. There is one CD for the change in type of the secondary charges. There is another CD for adding the heather vine. Our botanists were surprised to find that in 1982, when this was registered, there existed a twining species of heather. Our armorists were surprised to find how thriving the heather was, arguably overpowering the sword.

Craig Joyful. Name and device. Or, a handgun rest azure surmounted by a chevron inverted gules.

Craig is his legal given name.

Dafydd Morrison. Badge. Per pale sable and Or, a cross of Santiago counterchanged.

Danica Nemanjaviæa. Name and device. Gyronny sable and argent, on a chevron purpure fimbriated three mullets Or.

Submitted as Danitsa Nemanja, Danitsa is the submitter's legal given name. The LoI stated that the submitter "would prefer Danica (with a V over the C) which she claims is an 'un-americanized Serbian spelling', but she was unable to provide adequate documentation of Dani{cv}a being used as a given name for a human being in period." ("{cv}" is a Latin small letter c with caron or hacek.) Nebuly provided a good analysis of this name:

There is precious little information that I've found on period Serbian names, though I have found quite a lot from neighboring Croatia, which spoke the same language. I don't find Danitsa or Dani{cv}a in Bosanac as a modern Serbian name, but I do find Danica and Danika. If her mundane name phonetically matches the original Serbian, then it would derive from Danica, with no ha{cv}ek over the c, since the letter c is pronounced ts, while {cv} is pronounced ch in Serbian.

The byname Nemanja seems to be an attempted patronym, based on the fact that I found it as a given name in Bosanac, who hypothesizes that it is a hypokoristic form of Manislav. As such it would be a minimal further assumption that the hypokoristic might be a period one. However, I have seen no evidence of unmarked patronyms in period Serbia or Croatia (or any Slavic culture). The correct patronym form should be Nemanjaviæa.

To give the entire name a Serbian spelling and to correct the grammar, I recommend registering Danica Nemanjaviæa, though the suggestion depends on what the byname is supposed to mean-information that was not provided in the LoI.

The documentation provided with the name submission referred to Stefan Nemanja or Stephan Nemanya, founder of the dynasty that ruled Serbia from 1169 to 1372. But that gives no sign of the meaning of the byname. Paul Wickenden of Thanet's "Dictionary of Period Russian Names" (2nd ed., Section N at http://www.sca.org/herldry/paul/n.html) dates Nemania as a masculine given name to 1117, so Nebuly's hypothesis is on the mark. We have changed the byname to the form suggested by Nebuly to correct the grammar of the byname and give the submitter a Serbian form of her given name as she requested.

Please advise the submitter to "scale up" the chevron so that it is wider, but keep the relative proportions of the chevron, fimbriation and mullets.

Daniel of the Outlands. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly azure and argent, five crosses crosslet in saltire counterchanged.

Please advise the submitter to draw the arms of the crosses somewhat thicker, to help with the identifiablity of the center cross. Because this armory clearly uses a group of identical charges, and four of the five are very identifiable, the problems with the identifiability of the center charge due to the counterchanging is not sufficient to warrant return.

Submitted under the name Daniel Larke of Fletcher's Glen.

Donnchadh mac Céadaigh. Name change from Donnchadh mac Shithich and device. Per bend sinister vert and argent, two arrows inverted in saltire Or and a thistle proper.

This was an appeal of changes made to his name when it was registered. The registration of his name in the July 2000 LoAR says:

Submitted as Donnaichadh Síomaigh MacKeith, he requested a name authentic for 15th century Scotland. We have therefore not only dropped the middle name, not used in Gaelic, and changed the given name to a documented spelling but also changed the patronymic to a Gaelic form as well. The name could have been equally possible in the entirely Anglicized form Duncan MacKeith.

The LoI states "The justification for appealing the name registered and changing it to this one (or something similar) is that the client was very dissatisfied with the name registered to him, and the mispronunciation of it that naturally arose because of the way that it was spelled". This is an example of an appeal that points out something that was not considered when the original ruling was made, namely the potential for mispronunciation of this byname. Therefore, we are granting this appeal.

The new form of the name requested by the submitter was Donnchadh mac Céadach. We have put the byname into the genitive as required in a patronymic byname in Gaelic.

His previous name, Donnchadh mac Shithich, is released.

Eleanor de Wyte. Name.

Evelyn Macrae. Name and device. Argent, a wingless dragon dormant involved in annulo purpure and on a chief gules three pheons inverted argent.

No evidence was found that Macrae is a plausible spelling before 1600. Black (s.n. Macrae) dates numerous other spellings to period, but none have 'ae' in the second syllable. However, since Mackcrae is dated to 1650 (just at the end of the "gray area") in this entry, the submitted spelling is registerable. Since the submitter had no request for authenticity, we have not changed the spelling of Macrae to a period spelling.

Evelyn is the submitter's legal given name.

Feichín Mac Giolla Fhindéin. Name.

Submitted as Feichín MacAlinden, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish/Scottish and allowed any changes. There was some question regarding whether the spelling Feichín was used in period. In most examples in the annals, this spelling is a genitive spelling. However, the "Annals of Ulster" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001/) list Feichin as a nominative spellng in entry U668.5. The "Annals of the Four Masters" (vol. 1, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A/) also list Feichin as a nominative spelling in entry M664.1. Given these two examples, the submitted spelling is registerable.

Woulfe (p. 374 s.n. Mac Giolla Fhindéin) lists MacAlinden as a modern spelling. (In Woulfe, the italicized subheaders are Anglicized forms dated to temp. Elizabeth I–James I. The non-italicized subheaders are modern.) As Mac Giolla Fhindéin is a variant of Mac Giolla Fhinnéin (also on p. 374) and M'Elinnan and M'Linnen are dated to temp. Elizabeth I–James I in that entry, MacElinden is a plausible period Anglicized form for Mac Giolla Fhindéin. None of the period Anglicized forms in either entry are spelled -Alin-.

This name, as submitted, mixes Gaelic and Anglicized Irish. In period, a name would have been written completely in Gaelic or completely in English/Anglicized Irish depending upon the language of the document that the name is recorded in. Therefore, we have changed the name to a completely Gaelic form of the name to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Gervais le marinier de Narbonne. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Gervais la moraer de Narbonne, the forms listed Gervais la marin de Narbonne. The forms noted that the submitter intended for this name to mean 'Gervais the sailor of Narbonne'. No documentation was presented and none was found that le marin or la moraer were period bynames. Aliaume le marinier is listed in Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris". We have changed the occupational byname to this form in order to register the name.

Gotschalg Sudermann. Name and device. Barry erminois and sable, a bend embattled and a bordure vert.

Jane Gude of Wylshire. Name.

Kymme Godric. Name and device. Per saltire sable and vert, an elephant and an orle Or.

Leonore of Black Diamond. Device. Azure, a boot and on a chief Or three lozenges sable.

Lommán mac an t-saoir. Name.

Submitted as Lommán Mac an t-saoir, the submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture (presumably Irish or Scottish Gaelic based on the documentation) and allowed any changes. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 1 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A/), entry M773.3, lists Conall, mac an t-saoir, egnaidh, & abb Bennchuir. We have changed the byname to this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Lysbette du Plessis. Name.

Submitted as Lysbette Richelieu du Plessis, no documentation was presented and none was found that the name Richelieu was used except by the Duc de Richelieu. As noted by Metron Ariston, "the du Plessis family estate was Richelieu and it was from that estate that the Cardinal took his title." Lacking documentation that Richelieu was used by people other than the family of the Duc de Richelieu, it is not registerable. Additionally, since the family name of the Duc de Richelieu was du Plessis, if evidence is found that Richelieu was used by other than the duke's family, Richelieu and du Plessis would not be registerable in the same name, as the combination would imply membership in this family.

As the submitter allows any changes, we have dropped the problematic element in order to register the name.

Massimiliano Pontieri dal Sasso. Name and device. Argent crusilly gules, on a bend cotised azure three bells palewise Or.

Listed on the LoI as Massimiliano Pontieri de Sasso, this name was submitted as Massimiliano Pontieri di Sasso. No note was made in the submission packet or on the LoI regarding why the name was changed at kingdom and the change seems to have been a typo. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture (presumably Italian) and allowed minor changes. Pontieri is listed in Fucilla as originally referring to someone from Poitiers. However, De Felice does not list this form in his book Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani. The College was unable to find evidence of this byname used in Italian in period. However, given the examples that De Felice lists of bynames referring to Paris, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this element in the submitted form. Sasso is an element in both patronymic bynames and locative bynames. The submitted form di Sasso is a patronymic form. However, we have no evidence that [given name] [locative byname] [patronymic byname] or even [given name] [inherited surname] [patronymic byname] is a plausible combination in Italian. Therefore, we have modified di Sasso to the locative form dal Sasso in order to register this name.

Please advise the submitter to draw the cotises wider.

Regana van Kortrijk. Device. Azure, a squirrel argent.

Nice arms!

Robartach de Montáin. Name and device. Per chevron sable and argent, a dragon segreant contourny wings displayed argent and a roundel purpure.

Please advise the submitter not to draw the dragon's head overlapping one of the wings, but to draw the head so it lies entirely against the field. Also, please advise the submitter to draw the line of division in the center of the field rather than towards the base. Alternately, the line of division may issue from the same point on the sides of the shield, but it should be made steeper. The two halves of the field should be visually balanced.

Rothin in flamska. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Rothin in Flamskä, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th C Dutch and allowed any changes. Both Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "Viking Bynames found in the Landnámabók" (http://www.sit.wisc.edu/~sfriedemann/names/vikbynames.htm) and Geirr Bassi spell the byname in flamska. We have changed the byname to match this documentation. Pre-1100 Dutch and Old Norse were ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the registration of Aldgudana Gunnarsdóttir in the LoAR of November 2001. As a form of this byname in 11th C Dutch was not found, we were unable to make this name authentic as requested by the submitter.

William Hawke de Warwyck. Name and device. Or, on a pale endorsed sable three hawk's bells argent.

Submitted as William Hawke of Warwickshire, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English and allowed any changes. Reaney & Wilson (p. 493 s.n. Williams) dates Thomas William to 1327. This example of the spelling William in an unmarked patronymic supports use of the spelling William as a given name in the submitter's desired time period. Bardsley (p. 367 s.n. Hawk) dates Adam Hawke to 1379. Locative bynames referring to Warwickshire seem to uniformly drop the element -shire. Dr D.A. Postles, ed. "Lincolnshire Lay Subsidy: Skirbeck" (http://www.le.ac.uk/elh/pot/lincskir.html) in the Parish of Holland, Village of Skirbeck, on line 64 lists Robert de Warwyck. We have changed the byname to this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Zoraya de Navarra. Name change from Zoraya of Navarre.

Submitted as Zoraya de Navarre, the LoI stated that submitter wishes to change her byname to the Spanish form suggested in the LoAR of February 2001, when her current name was registered. This LoAR gave the Spanish form of the byname as de Navarra. The byname de Navarre is a French form. As the submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture (presumably Spanish since the submission specifies "the Spanish form de Navarre") and the submitter allows minor changes, we are registering this in the Spanish form de Navarra rather than the French de Navarre.

Her previous name, Zoraya of Navarre, is released.

TRIMARIS

Meadhbh inghean Riain. Name change from Siobhan inghean Meadhbha.

This item was pended from the August 2001 LoAR. The form of the name put before the College was corrected on an LoC two months after the LoI. Additionally, the Laurel files showed that she had submitted a name change in 1998 which was not mentioned in the LoI. This item was pended to give the College time to comment on the corrected form of the name submitted.

Submitted as Meadhbha ingean Riain, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th–14th C Irish and allowed minor changes. According to examples in the "Annals of Ulster" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001/) and the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 2 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005B/) authentic forms of this name would be Medb ingen Rian for pre-1200 and Meadhbh inghean Riain for post-1200. As both are authentic for the submitter's desired time period, we have changed this name to the second form (which is closer to the submitted form) to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

In 1998, Meadhbha ní Ríain was submitted as her new primary name. When that name was registered, release of her original name (Siobhan inghean Meadhbha), was accidently omitted from the LoAR. We are releasing it at this time, along with the name Meadhbha ní Ríain, which was registered in 1998. As a submitter may only have one primary name and the submitter has not requested to retain either of these as alternate names, they are both released.

WEST

Antonio Giordano da Firenze. Device. Vert, a dragon segreant and on a chief argent three crosses formy gules.

This was pended from August 2001 due to a misblazon.

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK

ÆTHELMEARC

Brigitte MacFarlane Red. Device. Argent vêtu ployé purpure estencely argent, a Ukrainian trident head sable.

The device was blazoned on the LoI using a lozenge ployé throughout rather than the originally submitted vêtu ployé. We have been asked whether one can reblazon using a lozenge ployé throughout to avoid stylistic problems with placing charges (in this submission, the estencely) on the "vested" portions of a field (in this submission, the portions of the field outside the "lozenge"). There is explicit precedent stating that placing charges around a lozenge ployé throughout (also known as a lozenge concave throughout) is not allowable style:

Vêtu fields should not have charges in the "vested" portions of the field --- and although this was blazoned on the LOI as a lozenge concave throughout, the latter two adjectives almost mandate this be considered a vêtu field. (LoAR December 1992, pg. 15)

Some commenters noted that we allow fields per chevron throughout to be charged with three charges two and one. Such fields could conceivably be blazoned as chapé with charges on the "vested" portions of the field. Yet we do not return these arms for using charged chapé. This is because a "per chevron" design with three charges on it is relatively common in period, and "per chevron throughout" is a period artistic variant of "per chevron". Chapé with any charges on it is extremely rare. The most likely interpretation of such a design is per chevron, and thus that design is acceptable. The design in this submission is one for which the most likely interpretation is of a vêtu field, rather than some design using a variant lozenge, and absent documentation to the contrary, will be considered to be a vêtu ployé field.

We have had a few previous registrations of charged lozenges ployé throughout between charges, but they were registered without explanatory stylistic comment. One cannot draw any firm conclusions about heraldic policy from registrations without comment.

AN TIR

Ælfric the Lost. Name.

The English byname the Lost has been ruled SCA compatible. Use of an element which is only SCA compatible is a weirdness. Mixing English with Old English in the same name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of October 2001 (Meridies acceptances, Saxsa Corduan). Therefore, this name has two weirdnesses, one for use of an SCA compatible element and one for the lingual mix, and so must be returned. If the Lost could be shown to be a translation of an Old English byname, this name would be registerable via the Lingua Anglica Allowance.

His device has been registered under the holding name Ælfric of False Isle.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Badge for Thrown Weapons Deputy. Per pale Or and argent, an axe and a knife inverted on a chief sable a spear reversed Or.

This badge is for a deputy for the marshallate in charge of thrown weapons. Precedent is mixed about whether deputies to major offices may have Kingdom badges assigned to them, or whether they must use a corporate level badge. The Sovereigns of Arms and Laurel Clerk discussed the issue, and Laurel determined the following: A combat marshal must be quickly identifiable on the field during inter-kingdom wars. Thus, it is important that the badges for marshals should be the same throughout the Society. Such badges should therefore be registered at the corporate level, rather than the kingdom level. This is currently the case for the Equestrian Marshallate, whose badge was registered at the Society level as Sable, two tilting lances in saltire and in chief a chamfron Or.

Ealasaid ihghean uí Domhnaill. Name.

The forms show that the spelling ihghean listed on the LoI was a typo for inghean. This name was originally submitted as Ealasaid inghen  Domhnaill and changed at kingdom with the submitter's approval to avoid a conflict with Ealasaid MacDonald (registered February 1994). Under the current precedents, the conflict spotted by kingdom was correct and the change made by kingdom did clear that conflict. Unfortunately, it brought the name into conflict with Elzasif O'Donnell (registered March 1986). Her file shows that Elzasif was submitted as a Norse variant of Elizabeth. As Ealasaid is also a variant of Elizabeth, these two elements conflict. Since O'Donnell conflicts with inghean uí Domhnaill, these two names conflict.

Ealasaid is a modern Scottish Gaelic form of Elizabeth. No evidence has been found that it is a period form, though the similar Ealusaid has been dated to 1467 (for details, see Effrick neyn Kenneoch's article "Scottish Gaelic Given Names for Women" at http://www.MedievalScotland.org/scotnames/gaelicgiven/). Given that the name Séamus appears in Irish Gaelic documents (including in "Annals of the Four Masters, Volume 5", entries M1511.15 and M1512.17, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/) in both -as and -us spellings, Ealasaid is plausible as a period variant of the documented Ealusaid.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Ealasaid of Madrone.

ANSTEORRA

Burke Kyriell MacDonald. Badge. (Fieldless) On a mullet of five greater and five lesser points Or a griffin passant contourny sable.

"There's ...no difference between suns and multi-pointed mullets --- which includes compass stars" (LoAR June 1993 p.18). Therefore this badge has multiple conflicts. In each case, there is one CD for fieldlessness. In all the cases, there is nothing for change of type only of tertiary charge on a sun or multipointed mullet, as this shape is not simple for purposes of RfS X.4.j.ii. Some of the conflicts are Kourost Bernard of the East Woods, Sable, a sun Or eclipsed sable, Stefan of Seawood, Azure, upon a sun Or an eagle displayed sable, and Aodhan Ite an Fhithich, Plummetty sable and argent, on a sun of eight rays Or a feather bendwise sinister sable.

Charlotte Cartier. Device. Azure, in pale three ferrets passant reguardant argent.

Conflict with Ranald de Balinhard, Azure, in pale three ferrets courant argent, registered October 2001. Per the August 2001 LoAR, there is no posture difference between courant and passant. Changes to head posture of a beast are not worth difference by RfS X.4.h: "A change of posture must affect the orientation of the charge, or significantly change its appearance. Changes in the position of the head, for instance, are not significant". Therefore there are no CDs between these two pieces of armory.

Claire la Combe. Device. Per pale vert and azure, a unicorn rampant and a bordure argent.

Conflict with Tomas Pancaldo, registered June 2001, Per bend azure and sable, a unicorn rampant, a bordure argent. There is one CD for changing the field, but no other difference.

Constance MacLeod. Device. Per pale vert and sable, on a pale between two coffins argent a coffin sable.

Coffins have only been registered twice in the SCA, the last time in 1985. The coffins in this submission, as in the previous submissions, are six-sided shapes following the outline of the top of a hexagonal coffin palewise. Thus, the basemost side ("foot") is narrower than the chiefmost side ("head") and the wide point separating the other four sides is at shoulder height. A number of commenters asked whether this was a period coffin shape and whether coffins were found in period heraldry.

No evidence was presented, and none could be found, for coffins as charges in period heraldry. Given the wide diversity of constructed items found in period heraldry, a coffin should be an acceptable charge as long as it is drawn so that it would be recognizable to a period viewer as a coffin.

No evidence was presented, and none could be found, that the shape in this submission was a period coffin shape. Some documentation for coffins was found, consisting of pictures of coffins in illuminated manuscripts showing funeral services, pictures of existing funeral palls in embroidery references (used for draping over a coffin), and a description of one existing child's coffin c. 1400. These references all showed coffins with four-sided tops. The tops were mostly rectangular, but some coffins had trapezoidal tops, so that the "head" was wider than the "foot". Without documentation for the shape of coffin in this submission, it may not be registered.

The coffins in illustrations of funeral services were all shown from the side (during the service, or carried by pallbearers). The top-only view of the previous coffin registrations therefore seems somewhat unlikely. Future attempts to register coffins should not only address the shape of a period coffin, but should address how a period coffin would be drawn so that a period viewer would recognize it as a coffin (rather than another sort of box or chest).

Líadan Bregh. Device. Per chevron azure and sable, issuant from the line of division a plate.

Conflict with Erryk Blackwolf, Per bend sinister sable and gules, a plate. There is one CD for changing the field. There is no type difference between a plate and a plate with a notch taken out of the bottom because it issues from the per chevron line of divsion.

Úna Baróid. Device. Azure, a dolphin hauriant and a chief wavy argent.

Conflict with Isabelle d'Avallon, Azure, three natural dolphins naiant in annulo one and two, a chief wavy argent. There is a CD for changing the number of primary charges. There is no second CD for posture, because the posture of Úna's dolphin is too similar to that of one of Isabelle's dolphins.

The posture match of the dolphin in Isabelle's arms and the dolphin in Úna's arms is not exact; Úna's dolphin is haurient, and Isabelle's dexter base dolphin is haurient to sinister. However, there is no difference between a fish haurient and a fish haurient to sinister, paralleling the analogous ruling concerning urinant: "[A dolphin urinant contourny proper] Conflict with... a dolphin urinant vert... There is... nothing for reversing the fish in this position. (LoAR May 1992 p.22)." Recall that with a palewise fish, it is not easy to tell which way the fish is facing. It is easier to tell which way a fish is facing when it is embowed, but the precedent cited applies specifically to dolphins, which are generally depicted with some sort of embowing, so presumably this was taken into account when the precedent was written.

Isabelle's arms were reblazoned in the Atenveldt acceptances to help clarify the posture and arrangement of the dolphins.

ATENVELDT

Bertrand de Lacy. Device. Per bend sinister Or and vert, a Lacy knot counterchanged.

Conflict with the protected badge of the Lacy family (important non-SCA armory) (Tinctureless) A Lacy knot. There is one CD for fieldlessness but no difference for tincture of charge versus a tinctureless charge.

The Lacy knot depicted in this submission is not quite the standard Lacy knot. Please advise the submitter to draw the Lacy knot correctly. The standard SCA Lacy knot in the Pictorial Dictionary (which matches the Lacy knot illustration in Brooke-Little's An Heraldic Alphabet, Fox-Davies' Heraldic Badges and Boutell's Heraldry) has a lozengewise orientation, as with the knot submitted here. However, the Lacy knot in the Pictorial Dictionary has a more complicated center part than the one shown here. A Lacy knot in the aforementioned sources is effectively a large Bowen knot lozengewise fretted with another crosswise which is fretted in the center with an annulet. The Lacy knot in Parker's A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry omits the annulet and is drawn with an overall delfwise orientation rather than lozengewise. (The second, smaller, Bowen knot also is drawn "tauter" than the one in the standard Lacy knot, which needs some "slack" to allow the central annulet to be fretted with it.) The Lacy knot in this submission is drawn lozengewise (like the standard Lacy knot) but without the annulet (like Parker's non-standard Lacy knot).

Conall O'Maccus. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 11th–12th C Irish and allowed minor changes. RfS III.1.a requires lingual consistency within a name phrase. The submitted O'Maccus combines Maccus, which is found exclusively in Latin citations, and the Anglicized Irish O'. So O'Maccus violates this requirement and is not registerable. Black (p. 484 s.n. Maccus) dates Robert filius Macchus to 1221. Therefore, this name would be authentic in Latin as Conall filius Macchus. Authentic Gaelic forms for his desired time period would be Conall mac Magnusa, Conall ua Magnusa, or Conall h-Ua Magnusa (this last form uses h-Ua, a variant of ua found in early orthographies in the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Tigernach).

The submitter allows minor changes, and the changing of the language of a particle (here O') is usually a minor change (while changing the language of the patronym, here Maccus, is a major change). It was generally felt at the decision meeting that the change from O' to filius so significantly affected the byname in both look and sound that it was a major change. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we are returning this name.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Conall of Twin Moons.

Dietrich von Ravensburg. Device. Per fess indented sable and argent, on a chief argent two birds displayed heads to sinister sable, a base vert.

This has been returned for redrawing or redesign. The emblazon cannot be clearly interpreted. This emblazon could also be interpreted as Per fess sable and vert, a fess indented on the upper edge and on a chief argent two birds displayed heads to sinister sable. Note that neither armory using both a chief and a base, nor armory using a fess indented only on the upper edge, are standard period armorial design, so there is no obviously correct interpretation.

The birds on the chief were originally blazoned as "ravens". They are are not identifiable as ravens: they are not in a period posture for ravens, they do not have any of the heraldic identifying characteristics of a raven and they do not clearly resemble naturalistic ravens. They have thus been reblazoned as birds.

Katrín Þorfinssdóttir. Device. Vert, in pale a stag courant inverted and a stag courant to sinister argent.

These stags were originally blazoned as courant in annulo widdershins, legs outward, argent. However, these are not clearly in annulo as they are not embowed enough to make a circle. Such a posture may not be possible for stags with their legs outwards, since in order to truly make a circle, the stags would need to be drawn with extremely arched backs. Such a depiction is likely non-period style. In any case, animals in annulo are expected to have their legs inwards and their identifiability and period style are hampered by this posture.

We have precedent against animals which are almost, but not really, in annulo:

[A coney courant and another courant contourny inverted conjoined at the paws argent] The rabbits were originally blazoned as conjoined in annulo. However, the beasts were not drawn in annulo, where the two animals are embowed, but were drawn as courant and courant inverted. By precedent we do not register inverted animals unless they are part of an arrangement in annulo. (LoAR October 2000)

This is clear of conflict with Magnus Tindal, Vert, two stags combattant argent. There is one CD for the difference in arrangement between in fess (as with two animals combattant) and in pale. There is also a CD for changing the posture, for the change between rampant/rampant to sinister and courant inverted/courant to sinister.

Keshvar bint Afsar al-Mah. Name.

This name is being returned for a number of problems.

Keshvar was documented from a Web site titled "Zoroastrian names" (http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm). The names on this site need to be used with care. On his "Medieval Names Archives" website, Arval Benicoeur includes an explanation of the sources for the "Zoroastrian names" site provided by its author:

The Avestan names all occur in the Avesta itself, and thus can be dated to around 1000 BCE or earlier. The Old Persian inscriptions are from around 500–600 BCE. The Parsi names are from Dosabhai Framji Karaka, History of the Parsis I, London 1884. pp. 162–3, and are names in use at that time. The Zoroastrian Irani names are from Farhang-e Behdinan, by Jamshid Sorush Sorushian, Tehran, 1956, and are names used in Kerman and Yazd at that time. You will find many of the names in current usage in the Pahlavi texts as well (ca. 9th ce CE), and in fact date to ancient times, e.g. Av. manush-chithra -> Pahl. Minochehr -> modern menucher. If you consider 9th ce[ntury] CE as medieval, I would suggest looking through the Pahlavi texts for more names.

Keshvar is included under the "Parsi names" and "Irani Zoroastrian names" lists on this site. Therefore, Keshvar is only documented to c. 1884 and c. 1956. Lacking documentation that it was used in period, it is not registerable.

al-Jamal summarizes the issues with the rest of the name:

Afsar is found, undated, in Ahmed (cited in the LoI). Even the example of Afsar-ud-Din is not dated, and since I do not find the name anywhere else, I can only at this time take it as a hypothetical usage. (When Ahmed has dates, he seems to be pretty reliable. When he doesn't, it's generally indicative of modern usage.) He also gives its origin as Persian, and combines it with the Arabic al-Din.

Mah (not al-Mah) is found in Schimmel, also undated, also Persian. Not even Ahmed has it as a name element. It is certainly out of place with the Arabic article al- (the), and even if it were not, Afsar is claiming to be the Moon, not from there.

So neither Keshvar nor Afsar are dated to period as given names. The element Mah is not dated to period, and it is documented as Persian. When combined with the Arabic al-, the combination violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within an element. If documentation were found for Mah as an Arabic element in period, it is not appropriate for use in the laqab al-Mah, since such a byname is in violation of RfS I.3, "No name or armory will be registered which claims for the submitter powers, status, or relationships that do not exist", since a human is not the Moon. All of these issues are reason for return and all would need to be addressed in order to register this name.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Leslie of Twin Moons.

Marceau de Valmont. Badge. (Fieldless) A fleur-de-lys purpure surmounted by a pair of rapiers crossed in saltire Or.

This submission was withdrawn on the February 2002 Atenveldt LoI.

ATLANTIA

Belphoebe de Givet. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th–15th C France. Belphoebe is a name unique to Spenser's The Faerie Queen. This character, the Fairie Queen, was an allegory for Elizabeth I. Belphoebe is unregisterable for two reasons. First, as it is allegorical, rather than being the name of a regular human character, it is not registerable as a name from period literature. Additionally, since Belphoebe was the name of the Faerie Queen, this name violates RfS VI.2, "Names containing elements that allude to powers that the submitter does not possess are considered presumptuous .... Such claims include ... given names that were never used by humans".

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Laura de Givet.

Cassair Warwick. Name.

Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 46 s.n. Cassair) gives this as the name of a holy virgin included in the legend of Saint Kevin. No evidence has been found that this name was used by humans in period. Names of saints are registerable, regardless of whether they are apocryphal or not. This policy is due to the practice in many cultures (though not in Gaelic) of naming children for saints. (For more details, see the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR.) As Cassair was not herself a saint and the name has not been documented as having been otherwise used in period, it falls into the category of a legendary name and is not registerable.

Cynwrig Chwith. Device. Paly sable and argent, a unicorn rampant counterchanged.

This is excessively counterchanged and non-period style. The unicorn is not identifiable when counterchanged over this multiply divided field. No documentation has been presented, nor could any be found, for the counterchanging of a complex-outlined charge over a multiply divided field.

Éile ingen Áeda. Name.

No documentation was presented and none could be found that the name Éile was used outside of legend. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable.

Owen Sherard Trahern. Device. Or, a winged lance sable.

Conflict with Angus Kerr, Or, a spear sable. There is but one CD for adding the wings.

Séamus mac Inneirghe. Badge. Argent, on a roundel between three oak leaves one and two vert a stag's head cabossed argent attired Or.

This was withdrawn on the February 2002 Atlantia LoI.

Taira no Akiyo. Name.

As no forms were received for this submission, it must be returned. Additionally, though no is included in the spoken name in Japanese, it is not included in the written name.

Teofilia Karaszkiewicz. Name.

This name is being returned for lack of documentation of Teofilia as a feminine given name. The name was documented from William F. Hoffman and George W. Helon, First Names of the Polish Commonwealth: Origins and Meanings. Nebuly says of documentation from this source:

The submitted documentation from Hoffman & Helon is explicitly post-period. As the authors themselves state on page 4, this book is designed for use by descendants of Poles who emigrated to English-speaking countries, and a large part of the work was based on First Names in Current Use in Poland. The book is in no way, shape, or fashion intended to be used by medieval recreationists and there are other far superior books for this purpose. The same criticism can be levelled at the use of Hoffman's Polish Surnames, which is another genealogical reference work. While both works are excellent for their intended niche, they are of no value in documenting medieval Polish practice.

Given this information, these sources should not be used for documentation of SCA name submissions.

The LoI stated that "The Catholic Online Saint's Index http://saints.catholic.org/stsindext.html#T list 10 different saints by the name of Theofilus, ranging in dates from 181 to 1676." These articles do not give an indication of which languages used the form Theophilius to refer to these saints. We would need such information to determine if a hypothetical Theophilia would be registerable in combination with a Polish byname. Nebuly searched for Teofilia in Polish:

I have checked my various Polish sources for evidence of Teofilia, and can find none. I do find the masculine name Theophilo as an ecclesiatical name in 15th century Poland (SSNO, s.n. Teofil), but this does not justify Teofilia. Slavic cultures did not form feminine names by tacking on feminine endings, as seems to have happened with some regularity in other parts of Europe.

Additionally, kingdom was unable to document the byname in Polish in period (though they found Russian variants) and requested the help of the CoA. Nebuly found documentation for the byname:

The byname is a patronym formed from a diminutive of the masculine byname Kara{s'} (a carp). According to Rymut (p.145, s.n. Kara{s'}), the byname is constructed as Karaszki + ewicz, where Karaszki is a diminutive and -ewicz is a patronymic suffix. The form Karasz appears as early as 1401 (SSNO, s.n. Kara{s'}) and Cie{s'}likowa has at least the diminutive form Karasek dated to 1450. This diminutive and the additional patronymic form Karaszowycz dated to 1489 (SSNO, s.n. Karasiowic) are probably sufficient to justify Karaszkiewicz. However, this is a masculine form of the byname and it would need to be altered to Karaszkiewicza for a feminine name.

Ulliam Ó Raghailligh. Name.

This name conflicts with William O'Reilly, a 20th C Australian cricketer who has his own entry in the Encyclopædia Britannica. Additionally, no documentation was presented for the spelling Ulliam rather than the normal Gaelic spelling Uilliam.

CAID

Annora verch Llwyd Bryneirian. Device. Azure, five crosses bottony two two and one and a bordure engrailed argent.

This device was registered to this owner on the LoAR of November 2001. This return is just an administrative return of the second submission of the exact same armory. The device continues to be registered to the submitter per the November 2001 LoAR.

B{o,}ðvarr bani. Name.

No documentation was presented and none was found for bani 'slayer' as a byname on its own. All examples of bynames that include the element bani also include an element indicating what was being slain (berserkjabani 'berserker slayer', selsbani 'seal slayer').

Khalila al-Nasiriniyya. Name.

This name is being returned for lack of documentation of the byname al-Nasriniyya. The form of the byname given on the LoI, al-Nasiriniyya, was a typo, as the form consistantly lists al-Nasriniyya.

Nasrin was documented as a Persian undated feminine given name in Gandhi and Husain, The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names. The LoI proposes the use of Nasrin as follows:

The submitter notes that the word Nasrin is the name of several flowers (two species of rose, rosa glandulifera and rosa alba; and a jonquil), according to Gandhi and Husain, op. cit.. The place name Nasirin is constructed, based on the examples Homs, Tus, and Tiz (found on a map from Atlas of World) which words are found in Gandhi and Husain, op. cit. as meaning the ephedra plant (among other meanings); new leaf or young grass (spelled Tizh); and a white mulberry. This appears to substantiate that this made up place name is formed in accordance with period practice for place names (per RFS II.2).

This documentation gives no indication of what language Homs, Tus, and Tiz exist in. Also, there is no documentation that these words were the names of places in period or even were used in a language in period. This information would be necessary to support a hypothetical place name Nasrin. Additionally, if support was found for Nasrin as a place name in Persian, it would not be registerable in the form al-Nasriniyya, since it uses Arabic construction. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. For al-Nasriniyya to be registerable, Nasrin needs to be documented as a place name in Arabic.

CALONTIR

Aethelwine Aethelredson. Device. Paly sable and Or.

Conflict with Aragon (important non-SCA arms) Or, four palets gules. These arms are equivalent to Paly gules and Or (as well as Paly Or and gules). "It was not unusual for barry or paly fields in period to be drawn with an odd number of traits (which we'd blazon as bars or palets); see, for example, the arms of Mouton (Multon, Moleton) found both as Barry argent and gules and Argent, three bars gules. (Dictionary of British Arms, Volume 1, pp 59, 88; Foster, p.145) and the arms of von Rosenberg, whose Per fess field has in base either three bends or bendy depending upon the artist's whim (Siebmacher, p. 8; Neubecker and Rentzmann, p. 290). Even when the distinction is worth blazoning, it's worth no difference" (LoAR December 1997 p.8). Therefore there is only one CD for changing the tincture of half the field.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Black Hawk Herald.

This name conflicts with the Shire of Blackhawk (registered October 1982).

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Falcon Pursuivant.

This name conflicts with the Falcon Pursuivant or King of Arms (Great Britain, protected and included in the Armorial in August 1987).

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Gold Eagle Herald.

This name conflicts with House Gold Eagle, registered to John the Pursuwer in August of 2001.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Goshawk Herald.

This name conflicts with Goshawk Pursuivant (Atlantia, registered August 1983).

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Gray Hawk Herald.

This conflicts with Greyhawk, a setting for Dungeons and Dragons. Greyhawk was trademarked by TSR in 1987. Section III.A.6 of the Administrative Handbook says:

Names of Significant Geographical Locations from Literary Sources—Locations in period or modern literary works of all genres may be protected on a case by case basis. Such protection will be afforded if the College of Arms deems them worthy of protection.

Significant location names in role-playing games have been cause for return in the past (Shire of Blackmoore, September 1991, Meridies; Tadhg Liath of Duncairn for House Moonsea, October 1991, Ansteorra; Morana Blackmore for household name Ravenloft, June 1990, Caid). Given the prominence of TSR's Greyhawk, it is protected and this title must be returned.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Loggerhead Herald.

The LoI documented loggerhead: "A loggerhead is an iron tool. It is dated to 1588 in Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary." The OED gives the 1588 citation as a quote from Shakespeare: "Ah you whoreson logger-head, you were borne to doe me shame". The OED gives the meaning of logger-head in this context as "a thick-headed or stupid person, a blockhead". The first example of loggerhead referring to an iron tool is in 1687. Lacking evidence that loggerhead referred to a tool in period, it cannot be used in a heraldic title based on the form [charge] Herald and we must return this title.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Osprey Herald.

This name conflicts with the Barony of the Osprey (registered September 1980).

Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Peregrine Herald.

This name conflicts both with the Canton of Peregrine (registered May 1983) and with Peregrine Pursuivant (West, registered February 1982).

Deirdre Mueller von Thurn. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Irish-German and allowed any changes. Lacking documentation that these two cultures had significant contact, combining Irish and German elements in a single name is not registerable. Deirdre was documented from Withycombe (p. 81 s.n. Deirdre). However, this entry says that "its use as a christian name is quite recent, dating from the 'Celtic Revival' (Yeat's Deirdre 1907, Synge's Deirdre of the Sorrows 1910)." However, the spelling Deirdre has long been SCA compatible. As it is a Gaelic given name, it is not registerable in combination with German elements per the precedent:

[Hagen Seanaeiche] the combination of German forename and Gaelic byname needs justification, at the very least. None of the commenters noted any German/Gaelic interaction in period (see, e.g., RfS III.1., "As a rule of thumb, languages should be used together only if there was substantial contact between the cultures that spoke those languages." (Hagen Seanaeiche, Caid-R, LoAR 12/94)

Black (p. 204 s.n. Deirdre) dates Deredere to 1166. Given that the source Black cites for this reference, Deirdre is a Latinized form of a Gaelic given name. Barring documentation of significant contact between Scottish Gaelic and German cultures, a name mixing Gaelic (including Latinized Gaelic) and German in a name is not registerable.

Her armory was registered under the holding name Deirdre of Lost Moor.

Fionnghuala inghean ui Fhallamhain. Device. Argent, a schnecke issuant from sinister chief azure, on a base wavy gules a fish naiant argent.

The schnecke here is much too small. It extends less than halfway across the field, when this charge is generally centered. This is in itself a reason for return.

In addition, there were questions raised about the propriety of a schnecke when combined with a charged base wavy. Previous precedent disallows a schnecke from being used in combination with secondary and tertiary charges: "[Purpure, a schnecke issuant from sinister chief argent charged with a rose gules, slipped and leaved vert, in dexter chief and in base two fleurs-de-lys argent] We know of no period examples of schneckes with secondary or tertiary charges, we find the use of both in this device to be two steps beyond period practice. We may allow secondary or tertiary charges with a schnecke, but we doubt that the use of either is period practice." (LoAR November 2000). We are not aware of period examples of the use of bases wavy with a schneke, nor of a general pattern of addition of charged bases wavy to armory in those portions of Europe which used the schnecke. Without documentation supporting this pattern of armory, it will be considered two steps from period practice, and not acceptable.

Máire MacPharthláin. Name and badge. (Fieldless) A sun in its splendor purpure.

This name conflicts with Maura MacPharlane (registered October 2001).

Her device has been registered under the holding name Máire of Aston Tor.

This badge conflicts with the badge for Tiriel Benn Loring, Argent, a mullet of seven points purpure. By current precedent there is not a CD between a multi-pointed mullet and sun, so there is only a single CD for fieldlessness.

Muirgen of Applecross. Name and device. Or semy of apples gules, a Celtic cross vert.

Listed on the LoI as Muirgen of Applecrosss, the forms and the documentation listed the spelling Applecross. Muirgen is a Middle Irish (pre-1200) form of a saint's name. The Early Modern Irish form of this name is Muirghein. The only feminine example of this name that has been found is a mermaid in a story regarding Saint Comgall. However, documentation has been found for this name as a masculine name and it is registerable as such. Applecross was submitted as a header form in Johnston. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. (This has been handled on a case by case basis.) Johnston (p. 84 s.n. Applecross) dates Aporcrosan to 673, Apuorcrossan to 737, Appillcroce to 1510, and Abilcros to 1515. The early forms are spelled with an 'r' in the second syllable. The 16th C forms are spelled with an 'l' in the second syllable. Even these 16th C spellings do not show the Appl- spelling. Therefore, the submitted spelling Applecross is not a plausible period variant.

The submitter allows no changes and notes on her form "Please return if a problem".

As she noted a request for authenticity for an unspecified language/culture (presumably one appropriate for Scotland or Ireland), we would like to offer the submitter some ideas to consider. As submitted, this name mixes Gaelic and Scots. An authentic name in period would have been recorded completely in Gaelic or completely in Scots depending upon the language of the record the name was recorded in. Some forms of this name that would be registerable, though not authentic, are Muirgen of Aporcrosan, Muirgen of Apuorcrossan, Muirghein of Abilcros, and Muirghein of Appillcroce. These forms have one weirdness for mixing Gaelic and Scots (or Latin) in a single name. But there is not an additional weirdness for temporal disparity, since the first two examples use uniformly early period spellings and the last two use uniformly late period spellings. A completely Gaelic form of this name would not have the locative byname. Locative bynames were extremely rare in Irish Gaelic and none of those found so far refer to the names of towns or villages that are not in Ireland. No examples of locative bynames have been found in Scottish Gaelic so far that are not part of a chiefly title. A completely Scots form of this name would use a Scots form of the given name.

This device conflicts with Morgana Swansdottir, Or, a Celtic cross equal armed, quarterly pierced and throughout vert. There is one CD for adding the semy of apples. While we give a CD for a standard cross throughout versus a cross couped, for most crosses (such as crosses fleury) we do not give such difference for couped versus throughout. The quarter piercing in Morgana's cross is very small and the visual distinction it gives is lost with the other piercings in the center of a Celtic cross. Therefore, there is no difference for the type of cross.

Philip of Crescent Moon. Device. Purpure, in fess a horse's head couped close a horse's head caboshed and a horse's head couped close contourny all conjoined and a bordure Or.

The armory needs to be redrawn or redesigned. The central cabossed head is not recognizable as a horse's head because it is much too wide. The other horse's heads' identifiability is compromised by the very close conjoining with the central head.

Runa Ketilsdóttir. Device. Or, a dragonfly gules in chief three trefoils azure.

Conflict with Andrew of Seldom Rest, Or, a dragonfly displayed gules. There is one CD for adding the secondary trefoils.

Sondra van Schiedam. Device. Azure, a tulip slipped and leaved Or.

She has a letter of permission to conflict with Katheline van Weye, Quarterly vert and purpure, a tulip slipped and leaved Or. However, this submission conflicts with Christine the Accursed, Azure, a chrysanthemum slipped and leaved Or. There is one CD for the change to the type of flower but there is not substantial difference for purposes of RfS X.2. Christine's chrysanthemum is drawn as a globular mass, with a very rounded profile, and there is a marked visual similarity between the two plants.

This is clear of conflict with Uta Boucht, Azure, a water-lily plant eradicated argent, flowered Or. There is one CD for the change in tincture of the plant (which is almost entirely argent in Uta's device) and a CD for the change in the type of charge.

Thorfinn Ravenhammer. Name.

No documentation was presented and none was found that Ravenhammer is a plausible period byname.

His device has been registered under the holding name Thorfinn of Deodar.

Virus Boromeus. Name change from holding name Karius of Lost Moor.

This name is being returned for excessive temporal disparity. Virus is documented as a given name in Bardas Xiphias's article "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/early_byz_names.html). Boromeus is documented as a Latinized form of the surname of Saint Charles Boromeo (died 1584, canonized 1610). Therefore, this name combines a 6th or 7th C Roman given name and a 16th C Latinized Italian byname, which is not registerable.

Wilhelm von Arnsburg. Badge. Per pale argent and sable, a helm affronty counterchanged.

Conflict with a badge of Aleta Ara of Helsgard, the Cruel, Vert, a great helm affronté per pale sable and argent, ocularium counterchanged, plumed argent and sable, fimbriated Or. There is one CD for the change to the field. There is no difference for adding the plumes, which are a significant detail worth blazoning, but not co-primary. There is no difference for the small tincture change in counterchanging the ocularium (eye-slits).

DRACHENWALD

Sigmundr Hákonsson. Device. Sable, a wolf passant regardant ravissant a man in chief two ravens argent.

The device cannot be blazoned in a way which consistently reproduces the emblazon. The man is almost large enough to be co-primary with the wolf, so his exact posture and placement on the field must be blazoned rather than left to artistic license. The man overlaps the wolf in front, is somewhere between palewise and bendwise sinister, and his posture is statant affronty with raised arms. No one in the College or at the Wreath meeting was able to provide a clear blazon for this man or his arrangement with the wolf.

In addition, there are identifiability problems. The wolf's muzzle and neck overlap the middle portion of the man, who is of the same tincture.

The LoI suggested that the blazon term ravissant be used. This term is sometimes used for a wolf which is grasping its prey by the neck and holding it over its back. However, it might also be considered appropriate for other sorts of predator/prey arrangements. Therefore, the term ravissant should not be used without more explicit arrangement and posture description.

LOCHAC

Avallon Keep, Canton of. Branch name.

RfS III.1.a requires lingual consistency within a name phrase. A place name is a single name phrase. As Avallon is documented as a French placename and Keep is English, Avallon Keep violates this requirement.

Cillíne Ruadh. Name.

This name conflicts with Caillin Ruadh (registered February 1997). It is debatable whether there is sufficient difference between the appearance of Cillíne and Caillin. Regardless, there is not enough difference in sound between the two to clear them. Caillin is pronounced \KAL-een\. Cillíne is pronounced \KIL-een\. Therefore, they differ only in the sound of a vowel cluster. When both were pronounced at the Pelican decision meeting, it was the feeling of those attending that they were too close in sound. As two unrelated given names must differ significantly in both sound and appearance to be clear of one another, this name must be returned.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Cillíne of Lochac.

Liadan inghean Glassan. Name change from Liadan ingen Glassain.

Listed on the LoI as a "Spelling Change", this item is actually an appeal of a change made at the Laurel level.

The LoI states:

The submittor's name was registered in June 2001 as Liadan ingen Glassain, modified from the originally submitted Líadan inghean Glaisín. As the submittor had requested an authentic name and allowed major changes, the modifications were made by Pelican so as to make the byname temporarily compatible with the given name.

What I neglected to mention on the Lochac LoI of 21 February 2001 (and include in the packet to Laurel) was that the submittor would have much preferred 'inghean' to 'ingen', a preference which may have swayed Pelican's decision at the time, and the submittor now requests that the spelling be changed as per Admin Handbook VI.B.

The form of the byname submitted at this time, inghean Glassan, has three problems. The particle inghean is an Early Modern Irish (c. 1200–c. 1700) form. Glassan is an Old Irish (c. 700–c. 900) or Middle Irish (c. 900–c. 1200) nominative form. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. So the problems are that (1) Glassan needs to be changed to an Early Modern Irish form, (2) put into a genitive form, and (3) lenited, in order to be used with inghean in a feminine patronymic byname. In Middle Irish, lenition is not shown in names beginning with 'G'. So the genitive Glassain lenites to Glassain. In Early Modern Irish, lenition is shown in names beginning with 'G'. So the genitive form Glasain lenites to Ghlasain. Líadan inghean Ghlasáin or Liadan inghean Ghlasain would be registerable forms of this name, though they would not be authentic, since there is no evidence that Líadan was still in use in the time when Early Modern Irish was used. As the submitter does not allow changing the name to one of these forms, we must return the name.

MERIDIES

Jacquelinne Sauvageon. Device. Azure, a fess argent between a violin fesswise reversed Or and a phoenix argent issuing from flames proper.

Conflict with Gwynneth Sanquebarr, Azure, a fess argent between two crosses gurgity Or. There is a CD for changing the type of the secondary group. However, over half the charge group is Or in Jacquelinne's arms, since the violin is Or and one quarter of the phoenix is also Or. By RfS X.4.d, "Changing the tinctures or division of any group of charges placed directly on the field, including strewn charges or charges overall, is one clear difference. Changing the tincture of at least half of the charges in a group is one clear difference". Therefore, since less than half of the tincture of the secondary "group of charges placed directly on the field" has changed, there is not a second CD for tincture changes.

Kunrad Eisenhart. Device. Quarterly gules and sable, a stag's head cabossed argent.

Conflict with Aengus mac Coll, Vert, a stag's head cabossed argent, orbed and attired of flames proper, resting on its head a chalice Or. There is a CD for changing the field but no difference for changing the tincture of the attires, which are less than half the tincture of the stag's head. There is no difference for removing the small maintained chalice.

Maridonna Benvenuti. Device. Per pale sable and Or, a cross bottony counterchanged.

Conflict with Dafydd Morrison, registered in the Outlands section of this LoAR, Per pale sable and Or, a cross of Santiago counterchanged. There is only one CD for changing the type of cross from bottony to Santiago per existing precedent, when one considers that a cross bottony is an earlier version of, and closely resembles, a cross crosslet: "[three crosses of Santiago Or vs. three crosses crosslet fitchy Or]... there is a CD for type of cross" (LoAR April 2000). Both Dafydd and Maridonna are SCA members, so the item on the earliest dated Letter of Intent takes precedence, and the Outlands letter predated the Meridies letter.

Óláfr Ljótarson af Øy. Badge. Per pale azure and argent, in saltire a pickaxe argent hafted and a sword inverted and in base a rose slipped and leaved all proper all within a bordure Or.

This armory included an Or bordure that was not mentioned in the Letter of Intent. However, the armory is too complex to be registered, so it must be returned at this time rather than pended for further conflict research. It has a tincture and charge combination of ten, well over the rule of thumb of eight given in RfS VIII.1.a.

In addition, the contrast of the sword may not be acceptable. Some of the argent blade lies on the no-contrast argent part of the field, and the Or hilt, one of the more identifiable parts of the sword, also lies on the poor-contrast argent part of the field.

The pickaxe, following the proper defined for axes in the Pictorial Dictionary, has a haft of wood proper.

Rúadhán na Aillte an Mhothair Ó Ceallaigh. Name.

This name is being returned because the placename used in the locative byname na Aillte an Mhothair does not date to period. Room, (p. 37 s.n. Cliffs of Moher) give the Gaelic form of this name as Aillte an Mhothair meaning 'cliffs of the ruin' and say "The ruin would be that of a fort of some kind." The Web site titled "cliffs of moher" (http://www.flash.net/~gkeating/cliffs.htm) says of the cliffs that "They take their name from a ruined promontory fort, Mothar, which was demolished during the Napoleonic wars to make room for a signal tower." Since the ruin referred to by the name Aillte an Mhothair only dates to the 19th C, this name is not a period name for this location and so is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to drop the problematic element to register the name.

His armory was registered under the holding name Rúadhán of Thor's Mountain.

Zubaydah az-Zahra. Name and device. Gules, in pale a scimitar fesswise reversed blade to chief argent and a panda bear rampant contourny proper.

The byname al-Zahra is pronounced 'az-Zahra', but it is always written al-Zahra. However, this byname has only been documented as a byname referring to Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad. Lacking evidence that this byname is not unique to Fatima, it is a unique byname and is not registerable.

By current precedent, it is not acceptable to use a species of flora or fauna in armory which was not known to Europeans in period: "The primary charge is the leaf of a vanillaleaf plant (genus Achlys). Europeans did not discover it until the 18th century so [it] cannot be used in SCA armory" (LoAR February 2000). The most recent precedent explicitly concerning pandas notes in pertinent part that the panda was not known to Europeans in period: "Lanner provided some distinct evidence that the panda was not seen by an European until this century and that its furs were not known to Europeans until the last century" (LoAR December 1989). The panda is therefore not acceptable for registration.

MIDDLE

OUTLANDS

Alaric der Jaeger and Adelaide Ehrhardt. Joint household name House of the Winged Ankh.

The term Ankh dates to the 19th C. As such, it is outside our period and not registerable. To quote Baryl:

The Britannica (Vol.1, p.424) states that the symbol was known in Latin as the crux ansata and "extensively used in the symbolism of the Coptic Christian Church". The Coptic Church is the "principal Christian church in predominantly Muslim Egypt" and appears to have been founded in the 5th Century (Britannica, Vol.3, p.615). There appears to be no evidence that the shape gained use outside of that context within period.

Lacking evidence that this symbol was known in England in period, it is not registerable in a household name based on the English inn sign model.

Daniel Larke of Fletcher's Glen. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th–13th C England and allowed minor changes. No documentation was provided and none was found that Fletcher's Glen is a plausible place name in period. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable. As Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Glen) date Gregory Glen to 1230, William de glen to 1327, and Colban del Glen to 1328, this name would be authentic for his desired time period as Daniel Larke le Fletcher, Daniel Larke de Glen, or Daniel Larke del Glen. Changing the locative byname of Fletcher's Glen to the occupational byname le Fletcher is a major change. Dropping the substantial element Fletcher's from the locative byname is a major changes. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to make either of these changes and the name must be returned.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Daniel of the Outlands.

Gervais le marinier de Narbonne. Device. Or, three piles in point issuant from sinister base overall a sword sable.

This device must be returned for non-period style. The original blazon was Or, three piles inverted conjoined at the point issuant from dexter chief gules, overall a sword sable. However, that blazon did not correctly describe the armory. When you blazon a pile as issuing from some portion of the shield, it is the wide (base) portion of the pile that issues from that portion of the shield, not the point of the pile. Here, all the points are conjoined in dexter chief, so the piles are not issuant from dexter chief. They would be better blazoned as issuant from sinister base.

However, "issuant from sinister base" does not adequately describe this design. The piles in this emblazon are spread too widely along the periphery of the shield to be described in this fashion. Piles issuant from chief (the default arrangement) have their bases spread over less than half of the outline of the shield, and usually less than a third of the outline of the shield. The widest "spread" found in period armory is with the outside piles issuant from the top corners of the shield, and usually all three piles are issuant from some subsection of the chief line. Piles issuant from dexter or sinister have their bases spread over less than half the shield (all issuant from the dexter or sinister side of the shield). In this emblazon, the bases of the piles spread over substantially more than half the shield. No evidence was presented, and none was found, for piles depicted in this manner in period armory. Without such evidence, this is not an acceptable depiction of piles issuant from sinister base.

Ian Lindsay MacRae. Device. Gyronny sable and argent, a wyvern erect maintaining a sheaf of arrows inverted and a bow within a bordure gules.

Conflict with Bela of Eastmarch, Gyronny sable and argent, a dragon rampant gules, armed and webbed vert. There is one CD for adding the bordure. There is no type difference between a wyvern and a dragon. A wyvern erect is in an equivalent posture to a dragon rampant, so there is no difference for posture. There is no difference for adding the small maintained charges. As a general rule, changing the tincture of a dragon's wings is considered to be change of tincture of half the charge. However, the webs of the dragon's wings are not the entire wing, and visual inspection of the dragon in Bela's emblazon shows that it has particularly small wings. Therefore, less than half the tincture of the charge has changed, and so there is no additional difference for change in tincture.

Katrein Adler. Device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, two cinquefoils counterchanged.

Conflict with Rose the Riotous, Per bend sinister argent and azure, a garden rose bendwise sinister, slipped and leaved, azure and a goutte d'eau. There is one CD for changing half the charge group from a goutte to a cinquefoil. However, there is not substantial difference (as in RfS X.2) in type between the two charge groups. Current precedent holds that a rose is not different from a cinquefoil.

There is no posture difference for the flower in chief, because the slip and leaf are not considered to be worth difference. The flowers themselves are radially symmetrical, and thus you cannot get difference for making one of them bendwise sinister.

This is clear of conflict with Gerelt of Lockeford, Per bend argent and azure, in bend two roses counterchanged. There is one CD for the change to the field. There is also a CD for changing the tincture of the roses. Each rose in Gerelt's arms is half azure and half argent. Each of these roses is a solid tincture. Therefore, half the tincture of each rose has changed.

Kolfinna Knýtir. Name.

As no forms were received for this submission, it must be returned.

Rothin in flamska. Device. Argent, a chevron fracted counter-ermine in chief a gendy flower gules.

"There has been only one registration of a gendy flower, and that was in 1979. Therefore, before I am willing to register the charge again, I need proof that either it is a reasonable heraldic charge or that Gethyn can register it under the grandfather clause, i.e, that Gethyn is a close relative of Alma Tea av Telemark" (LoAR November 1999). No evidence has been presented that this is a reasonable heraldic charge, or that this submitter is entitled to use it by the grandfather clause.

Thorvaldr Vakkerfjell Thórólfsson. Name change from Thorvaldr Gángläre Vakkerfjell.

Name elements are only grandfathered in the position in which they were previously registered. Since the position of Vakkerfjell has changed, documentation should have been provided that it is a reasonable element in this location. The submitter's file shows Vakkerfjell documented only as a branch name. No evidence has been provided that a placename would come between a given name and a patronymic in Old Norse. Lacking such documentation, this combination is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to drop the problematic element to register the name.

TRIMARIS

WEST

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE AUGUST 2002 LAUREL MEETING

ANSTEORRA

Medb ingen Domnaill uí Somhairle. Device. Azure, on a pitcher argent a millrind azure and on a chief argent three millrinds azure.

This submission's mini-emblazon was illegible, appearing to have no charges. The blazon correctly described the emblazon. However, since only one commenter indicated that she checked for conflict based on the blazon, it is necessary to pend this for research.

Melissent d'Aulnay. Device. Or, a unicorn and on a chief azure three Latin crosses botonny Or.

The crosses on the mini-emblazon were almost impossible to see due to problems with the photoreproduction, and it is not clear whether the College checked for conflict on this submission because of the problem with the emblazon. The blazon for the crosses on the LoI was not correct, as it referred to the crosses as passion crosses. Passion crosses have steps at the base of the cross, which are not present in these crosses. It is thus necessary to pend this for more research.

ATENVELDT

Catlin of Anandyrdale. Device. Argent, on a bend wavy vert between two gouttes azure a cat sejant gardant palewise argent its front paws resting upon an arrow Or.

The word "vert" was missing from the blazon in the LoI, and no timely correction was issued. This must be pended for further research.

ATLANTIA

Muirghen Ruadh. Badge. (Fieldless) A pheon argent within and conjoined to a mullet of eight points formed of two delfs voided and interlaced Or.

The original blazon had no tinctures. This is being pended for further research. Note that the description of the mullet is taken from the blazon of the submitter's registered device.

Tahir the Mad. Device. Azure, a bow fesswise string to chief between three mullets of six points voided and interlaced Or.

This submission did not provide the tincture of the charges. It must be pended for further research. The bow was originally blazoned as "recurved" and "strung". However, this is drawn as a default (strung) longbow, and thus those terms have been omitted from the blazon.

CAID

Thomas Ravenwood of Western Seas. Device. Sable, a bend sinister between two grenades Or overall a sword proper all within a bordure Or.

The tincture of the bend sinister and the grenades was omitted from the LoI. This must be pended for further conflict research. The submitter should be advised, when the research is completed, to draw the bordure wider.

MIDDLE

Bj{o,}rn Þorkelson. Device. Quarterly argent and azure, a raven rising wings elevated and addorsed sable maintaining a heart gules.

The field was originally blazoned as quarterly azure and argent, so this must be pended for further research. However, this is clear of conflict with Cigfran Myddrael Joserlin the Raven, Argent, a raven rising reguardant, wings disclosed, proper, in dexter claw a sword gules. There is a CD for changing the field. The wings of Cigfran's raven are effectively displayed. Rising, wings displayed is a posture CD from rising, wings elevated and addorsed.

Created at 2002-04-30T00:16:03