ACCEPTANCES

ÆTHELMEARC

Æthelmearc, Kingdom of. Badge. (Fieldless) A demi-greyhound rampant couped contourny argent collared gules sustaining a torteau charged with an escarbuncle argent.

There were some concerns that this armory might appear to be a display of a supporter holding an independent coat of arms. Supporters by nature stand or balance on lower extremities (hind legs, or a tail) on the compartment ("ground") under the achievement. A demi-animal cannot do this. No evidence has been presented, and none was found, for supporters in period armory consisting of demi-animals. Therefore, a demi-animal cannot be mistaken for a supporter.

This badge was originally designated for the Æthelmearc Hounds Coursing Guild, but the designation has been withdrawn from consideration by the kingdom.

Alexandra of Clan Donald. Device. Argent, a butterfly azure and a bordure wavy azure semy of butterflies argent.

Ann of Banningham. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Anna Maria de Wittes. Name.

Azer Cane. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Brychen Silverfist. Device. Gules, on a pale sable fimbriated between two cubit arms two axes in saltire argent.

Chrestienne de Waterdene. Name change from Ciaran Redmane and badge (see RETURNS for device). Per pale vert and sable, on a heart argent the phrase "coeur leal" sable.

Submitted as Chrestienne de Waterden, the submitter requested authenticity for mid to late 14th C English. The College only found examples of Chrestienne as a French given name. Withycombe (s.n. Christian(a)) dates Cristiane to 1379 and Cristina to 1346 (s.n. Christina). Metron Ariston found the 13th C form Waterdene in Bracton: De Legibus Et Consuetudinibus Angliæ: Bracton on the Laws and Customs of England (attributed to Henry of Bratton, c. 1210-1268) which lists Bartholomeus de Waterdene (http://supct.law.cornell.edu/bracton/Unframed/Latin/v3/208.htm). We have changed the form of a byname to this form to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. As changing the language of a name phrase is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, we were unable to change the given name to a 14th C English form.

Her previous name, Ciaran Redmane, is retained as an alternate name.

Coletta Briant. Device. Or, a harp proper between four trefoils in cross vert.

A harp is of wood, and wood-colored when proper, as stated in the Pictorial Dictionary.

Cuilén Buchanan. Name.

Edmund Lambert of Tregelles. Badge. (Fieldless) A pretzel Or.

Geoffrey of Æthelmearc. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, six crescents pendant two two and two azure.

Submitted under the name Geoffrey of York.

Georg Eisenfaust. Device. Per fess argent and sable, in chief a clenched gauntlet and in base three octagons two and one counterchanged.

Gideon Lydiard. Name.

Lavina Knappe. Device. Vert, a fret and on a chief Or three pine trees vert.

Maddalena de los Angeles. Name.

Submitted as Maddalena de Angeles, no documentation was found that de Angeles is a plausible period byname. Therefore, we have changed it to de los Angeles, which is dated to 1539 on p. 16 (entry #227) of Bermúdez Plata, Don Cristóbal, Catálogo de Pasajeros a Indias Durante los Siglos XVI, XVII, y XVIII, vol. 3.

Magariki Katsuichi. Name and device. Gules, three lozenges one and two within a mascle argent.

Magnus Buchanan. Name.

Ragnarr Gunnolfsson. Name and device. Argent, on a pile indented azure a wolf's head couped argent.

Rebecca le Reven. Name.

Rodrigo de Serón. Name.

Sabina de Lyons. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion's head caboshed per pale argent and gules.

Solveig Throndardottir. Badge. (Fieldless) Two feathers crossed in saltire argent.

Nice badge!

Solveig Throndardottir. Badge. (Fieldless) A lozenge Or.

The lozenge was originally blazoned as fesswise, but, as noted in the February 2002 LoAR, "Because lozenges could be drawn with various proportions in period, including a square set on its corner (which can be neither fesswise nor palewise), it does not make sense to distinguish different proportions of lozenge in blazon."

We do not register fieldless badges which appear to be independent forms of armorial display. Charges such as lozenges, billets, and roundels are all both standard heraldic charges and "shield shapes" for armorial display. The SCA has never protected armory consisting of plain tinctures, except for two examples that are particularly famous: the (important non-SCA) arms of Brittany, Ermine, and the (important non-SCA) flag of Libya, Vert. If we do not protect, and have never protected, the arms Or, we should not be concerned about the possible appearance of a display of Or by using a single lozenge Or as a fieldless badge. This is parallel to our practices concerning inescutcheons of pretense. To quote RfS XI.4, Arms of Pretense and Augmentations of Honor, "Similarly, an augmentation of honor often, though not necessarily, takes the form of an independent coat placed on an escutcheon or canton. Generally, therefore, a canton or a single escutcheon may only be used if it is both uncharged and of a single tincture." This rule demonstrates that an uncharged escutcheon shape in a single plain tincture does not appear to be a display of an independent coat of arms.

Therefore, a "shield shape" which is also a standard heraldic charge will be acceptable as as a fieldless badge in a plain tincture, as long as the tincture is not one of the plain tinctures that is protected armory in the SCA. This explicitly overturns the precedent "We do not normally register fieldless badges consisting only of forms of armorial display, such as roundels, lozenges and delfs in plain tinctures, since in use the shape does not appear to be a charge, but rather the field itself" (LoAR January 1998).

Note that this does not change our long-standing policy about such "shield shape" charges used in fieldless badges if the tincture is not plain (thus, divided or with a field treatment), or if the charge is itself charged. Such armory will continue to be returned for the appearance of an independent form of armorial display.

Her badge, (Fieldless) On a sun azure a hammer argent, is released.

Theodor Hans Lochner. Name and device. Gyronny argent and gules, eight daggers points to center counterchanged and a bordure sable.

Tsvia bas Zipporah Levi of Granada. Badge. (Fieldless) On a glove inverted argent a pomegranate gules.

Uthor Darras. Name and device. Or, a sword inverted within a vol gules and a bordure rayonny sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw larger and fewer rays on the bordure.

Washizu Isabur{o-} Nobuhide. Name and device. Sable, a fess and in chief a wood sorrel blossom within an annulet argent.

A wood sorrel blossom is a trefoil-like charge without a slip and with heart-shaped foils. It is given this name in Japanese Design Motifs, from the Matsuya Piece-Goods store.

William MacNess. Name and device. Gules, semy of hearts Or.

Nice device! He has permission to conflict with a badge of Graidhne ni Ruadh, Gules, three hearts, one and two, Or.

AN TIR

Antonella da Sicilia. Name and device. Per chevron sable and gules, a dagger inverted argent transfixing in base a crescent within a bordure embattled Or.

Balthasar Yvon Charon. Device change. Ermine, a cross formy nowy vert and on a chief sable three crosses of Lorraine argent.

The submitter did not check any boxes on the form indicating the disposition of his previous device, Ermine, a fox rampant contourny gules maintaining in dexter forepaw a rapier sable, a bordure sable semy-de-lys Or. It is therefore released by default, per the Administrative Handbook, section IV.C.7, "Instructions for Disposition of Changed Items".

Cáe Mór, Shire of. Branch name and device. Argent, on a fess sable between two laurel wreaths gules three chevronels braced Or.

Submitted as Cái Mór, Shire of, this name was intended to mean 'big mountain pass'. The branch requested authenticity for "Irish, any period" language and/or culture and stated "early preferred, but any time period will do."

The typical Irish Gaelic placename having this meaning is Bearnas Mór. Bearnas technically means 'gap'. It is used in placenames to refer to gaps in mountains, i.e. a pass. Beárnas Mór, meaning 'great/big gap (pass)', appears multiple times in the Annals of the Four Masters, including in 1592 (entry M1592.8, volume 6, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005F/).

The element cái is Old Irish or Middle Irish and means 'way, road'. A placename combining this element with mór would have the meaning 'great way' or 'big road'. Harpy found the placenames Sliab Cae and cae bhéil átha na circe, which contain this element, listed as entries in Edmund Hogan, Onomasticon Goedelicum: Locorum et Tribuum Hiberniae et Scotiae (An Index, with Identifications, to the Gaelic Names of Places and Tribes) that contain forms of this element. We have changed the spelling cái to cáe to match these examples.

While the group allows major changes, it was generally felt that the change from the submitted Cái Mór to Beárnas Mór, which better matches the group's intended meaning, was so dramatic that it went beyond the changes that could reasonably be expected when members of a group sign a name petition.

Findlaech mac Gille Andreas. Name and device. Vert, a saltire checky sable and Or.

Submitted as Findlaech MacGillandrias, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Scottish Gaelic and allowed any changes. The Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 2 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005B/), entry M1055.1, lists Maol Dúin, mac Gille Andreas, epscop Alban. The phrase epscop Alban means 'bishop [of] Scotland'. This example documents the existence of this byname in Scotland in the 11th C. No examples were found in the 13th C as well, but that may well be a result of how few Gaelic records survive from that time period in Scotland.

Nice device!

Julian Sinclair. Name.

Juliana van Ardenburg. Name.

Submitted as Juliana van Aardenburg, the submitter requested authenticity for "Low Countries / N. Flanders" and allowed minor changes. Nebuly found that this town's name is spelled Ardenburg in late period maps from the Schilder collection dated to 1578. We have changed the byname to this spelling to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Lia Anna Stewart. Name.

Lovell of Shadwode. Name.

Meadhbha inghean Bhriain Mhuilleóir. Name and device. Sable, on a bend sinister between a raven contourny and masks of comedy and tragedy bendwise argent four thistles bendwise purpure slipped and leaved vert.

Submitted as Meadhbha inghean Bhrain an Muilleóir, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes.

Bhrain was submitted as the lenited, genitive spelling of Brian. This is incorrect. Bhrain is the lenited, genitive spelling of Bran, while Bhriain is the lenited, genitive spelling of Brian. As the submitter noted on her form that her intended meaning was 'Maeve, daughter of Brian the Miller', we have changed the byname to indicate her father's name was Brian instead of Bran.

We have removed an since occupational bynames rarely, if ever, take the definite article. The entire byname in a feminine name is subject to lenition. In the case of the element Muilleóir, 'M' does show lenition in Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) except when it follows a word ending in 'm'. Since Bhriain ends in 'n', the occupational byname becomes Mhuilleóir.

The device submission is not by any means typical of period style. The combination of the bendwise charges on the bend sinister and the bendwise charges next to the bend sinister is unusual, implying to some degree that the device might have been armory using a fess and rotated forty-five degrees. This implication is not complete as one of the secondary charges accompanying the bend sinister is clearly palewise. Moreover, there is nothing in our rules for submission stating that such armory is not acceptable style. It is, at worst, a weirdness.

Rónnat ingen Fáeláin. Name.

Submitted as Rónnait ingen Fáeláin, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. Rónnait is documented from Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Early Irish Feminine Names from the Index to O'Brien's Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/obrien/). Tangwystyl explains in the introduction of that article that "[t]he spellings in the index are 'normalized' to 'standard Old Irish' but for the most part correspond to those found in the actual text." In the case of Rónnait, the form actually found in the text of this work is Rónnat, which corresponds to the standard form given in Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 157 s.n. Rónnat). We have changed the given name to the documented form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Roscelin de Limoges. Name and device. Gules, a natural panther passant argent marked sable and on a chief argent three roses gules.

Serena Fabrizio. Name and device. Sable, three doves volant contourny argent.

Titus Valerius Romanus. Device. Gules, in pale a vol and a vol inverted between in fess two billets fesswise Or.

Vinjar, Canton of. Branch name and device. Quarterly sable and gules, a goblet argent within a laurel wreath Or.

ANSTEORRA

Emma de Fetherstan. Badge. (Fieldless) An escallop gules.

This was pended from the LoAR of September 2001 because the mini-emblazon (on its round, badge form) was pasted in the LoI in the wrong orientation. The College interpreted the changed orientation of the escallop as a misblazon of the escallop's posture rather than a paste-up error, so this had to be re-researched.

ARTEMISIA

Branán Muighe Tuireadh. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Branán de Maigh Tuireadh, the name was submitted as Branán of Moytura and changed at kingdom "per submitter's telephone request to translate it into Irish Gaelic. Consulting herald advised submitter that a patronymic byname would be much more authentic than a locative byname. However, submitter wasn't interested in naming his persona father yet."

Locative bynames referring to proper names of specific locations use the unmarked genitive of the placename for the locative byname. Maigh Tuireadh is the nominative form of the name of this location. Muighe Tuireadh is the genitive form. It is found in the Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 5, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/), entry M1536.12. Therefore, the correct Gaelic form of this name is Branán Muighe Tuireadh.

Celestine of Arn Hold. Device. Per saltire vert and purpure, two swans naiant respectant and a bordure argent.

Colleen inghean Phattraicc. Name and device. Per chevron purpure and vert, a pall inverted ermine between two equal-armed Celtic crosses and a hound statant Or.

Colleen is the submitter's legal given name.

Submitted as Colleen inghean Phátraic, the submitter requested authenticity for "Celtic Irish/Scottish" and allowed minor changes. As the submitted byname inghean Phátraic combines the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) inghean with the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) Phátraic, it violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phase. A standard Middle Irish form of this byname would be ingen Phátraic. A standard Early Modern Irish form would be inghean Phádraig. Another option for an Early Modern Irish form is found in the Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 5 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/), which lists Tomas, mac Pattraicc, mic Oiliuéir Ploingcéd tighearna Luchcmaigh in entry M1578.15. This entry shows Pattraicc used as a given name in a family of Anglo-Norman descent. In a feminine byname, this form of Pattraicc would be lenited to become Phattraicc. We have changed the byname to this form to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. As Colleen was not used as a given name in period, we were unable to make this name completely authentic.

Daniel d'Aurelle. Device. Argent, a bend azure semy-de-lys argent between a rapier bendwise and a rapier bendwise inverted sable.

Ealusaid inghean Lughaidh. Name.

Etain O'Fouhy. Name and device. Purpure, a gryphon segreant and on a chief doubly enarched Or two roses fesswise purpure slipped and leaved stems to center vert.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chief doubly enarched properly. The center point should line up with the points where the chief meets the sides of the shield, as if all three points were on the same horizontal line.

Katarina Daniilova doch' Sergeeva zhena. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Maire inghean ui Dheorain. Alternate name Marion Sinclair.

Randal Avery of the Mease. Reblazon of badge. Gules, two swords in saltire surmounted by another palewise inverted, each hilt grasped by a gauntlet, all three blades enfiling the center link of a chain of three links fesswise Or.

We agree that a reblazon for clarification is desirable for this badge. However we have modified the proposed blazon slightly to make it clear that each hilt is held by a gauntlet (not just the hilts of the swords in saltire), and to clarify the enfiling/enfiled by blazon. Remember, enfiling is equivalent to threading (as in threading a needle).

Robert le Raven MacLeod. Device. Or, a pile vert between two ravens addorsed reguardant sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the pile narrower and longer. Wide, short piles like this only show up at the end of period, and even then they are generally found in armory where the pile is charged.

ATENVELDT

Edward Archer of Cornwall. Name change from holding name Edward of Atenveldt.

Iðunn Sveinsdóttir. Name and device. Ermine, a pomegranate gules slipped and leaved vert and a bordure per saltire sable and purpure.

Submitted as Idonea Svensdöttir, the submitter requested authenticity for Old Norse and allowed any changes. Svensdöttir was documented from a Web article not on the Laurel website. As such, printouts are required as documentation. Since printouts were not included, this documentation is not sufficient for registration. In any case, the Old Norse form of this byname is Sveinsdóttir. We have changed the byname to this form per the submitter's request for authenticity.

Idonea is a Latin form of a 12th to 14th C English given name derived from the Old Norse Iðunn (listed in Geirr Bassi, p. 12). An authentic name for a time period appropriate for Old Norse would have been rendered all in Old Norse or all in a Latinized form depending upon the language of the document in which the name was recorded. Gösta Tengvik, Old English Bynames, dates Eduuardus filius Suani to 1066 on p. 198. Iðunn Sveinsdóttir would be a completely Old Norse form of this name. Idonea filia Suani would be a completely Latinized form of this name. As the submitter requested authenticity for Old Norse, we have changed this name to the form Iðunn Sveinsdóttir to comply with her request.

Killian M'Cahall. Badge. (Fieldless) A dragon sejant contourny barry engrailed vert and Or.

There were some concerns in the College that the engrailing would not be identifiable due to the complex outline of the charge and the internal details. The full-sized colored emblazon shows that the engrailing is very obvious. This barry engrailed monster is at most one step from period practice, since animate charges in multiply divided tinctures were found in period armory. One of the most famous examples is that of the arms of Hesse, Azure, a lion rampant queue-forchy barruly argent and gules crowned Or. Siebmacher's 1605 Wappenbuch gives a number of other examples, including Truchess von Wellerswalde, Azure, an eagle displayed barry argent and gules (f. 161), Schirau, Azure, a unicorn rampant bendy gules and argent (f. 69) and Badendorf, Azure, a lion lozengy argent and gules crowned Or (f. 179).

ATLANTIA

Achmed ibn Yousef. Name.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Household name Company of the Silver Spindle and badge. (Fieldless) An annulet azure surmounted by a drop spindle inverted argent.

Caitilín inghean Uí Laoghaire. Device. Argent, a stag trippant sable and in base two oak leaves in chevron inverted and on a chief dovetailed vert three crescents argent.

Celric of Marinus. Badge. Or, a horse rampant sable and a bordure sable mullety of six points Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the charges on the bordure larger, increasing the width of the bordure if needed.

Giuliana Salviati. Name change from Muireann ní Riordáin.

Her previous name, Muireann ní Riordáin, is retained as an alternate name.

Highland Foorde, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Golden Hawk. Gules, a sword inverted between two hawks striking respectant Or, the sword issuant from a ford proper.

Ihone Munro. Device. Sable, a fess wavy between an owl displayed and a turtle all within a bordure argent.

Jaine the Embroiderer. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Tudor England. By that time period, literal bynames had given way to inherited surnames. So, a woman named Jaine would have had the same surname as her father, rather than an occupational byname such as the Embroiderer.

Karl von Lindenheim. Name.

Miguel Estevan de Cabra. Name.

Good name!

Reynard de la Rochefoucauld. Reblazon of device. Gules, a bend sinister sable fimbriated between a compass rose and a sheaf of arrows Or.

His previous blazon listed the primary charge as a bend rather than a bend sinister.

Sely de Cumberlande. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Sely de Cumberland, her form listed the spelling Cumberlande. We have returned the byname to that spelling.

This is clear of her mundane name Shelly Cumberland by addition of de before Cumberlande.

Siegfried McClure. Name (see RETURNS for device and badge).

Listed on the LoI as Sigfrid McLure, the name was originally submitted as Siegfried McClure and changed at kingdom because a combination of Gaelic and German is not registerable. While kingdom is correct that mixing Gaelic and German in a name is not registerable, mixing Scots and German is registerable, though it is a weirdness. As McClure is a Scots form, not a Gaelic form, it is registerable with a German given name. Siegfried is dated to "Up to 1300" in Talan Gwynek's article "Late Period German Masculine Given Names: Names from 14th Century Plauen" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/germmasc/plauen14.html) Both Robert McLure and Robert McClure are dated to 1526 in Black (p. 472 s.n. MacClure). Therefore, there is less than 300 years between the dates for the given name and byname, so there is not an additional weirdness for temporal disparity and this name is registerable.

Tylar of Lochmere. Holding name and device. Sable, three maple leaves in pall inverted stems to center Or.

Submitted under the name Taira no Akiyo, the submitter's name was returned in February 2002 for lack of forms. The Laurel office has since received the forms. Since the name form indicates that the submitter will accept a holding name, we are able to register this device with a holding name.

This does not conflict with a badge of the Barony of the Steppes, Sable, seme of oak leaves Or. There is one CD for changing the number of leaves. To quote the LoAR of May 1994 regarding maple leaves versus oak leaves: "The two leaves are not so visually similar as to warrant granting no difference between them". We do not find this ruling so unreasonable as to overrule it.

Tylar of Lochmere. Badge. (Fieldless) A penguin statant affronty, head to dexter, proper.

This does not conflict with a badge of Evan Mawr, Argent, a vulture close affronty proper, head to dexter, perched on a branch couped sable [Vultur gryphus]. There is one CD for fieldlessness. The branch in Evan's badge is small and thus should be considered a maintained charge. Penguins are arguably in their most identifiable posture when in this posture (statant affronty, head to dexter.) The most identifying portions of the vulture (the head and neck ruff) and penguin (flipper wings) are easily visible. Since penguins are not birds found in period heraldry, the difference between the penguin and vulture must be determined on visual grounds. A second CD is available for changing the type of bird.

One commenter raised the question of whether there was some problem due to the Penguin Books logo. That logo would be blazoned in the same manner as this badge. This is not illegal style under RfS VIII.4.b, a subsection of the rules on "Obtrusive Modernity". This rule forbids "Overt illusions to modern insignia, trademarks or common designs". This penguin is clearly a different penguin than the one in the Penguin Books logo. The Penguin Books penguin has a white crescent marking on its face, much more white on its front, and is all black and white. The submission under consideration has different proportions, no crescent marking on its face, and a very prominent red beak and feet.

As a guideline, there generally will not be an obtrusively modern "overt" allusion to a logo when the logo uses a single charge, unless the artwork of the submission matches the artwork of the logo very closely, or unless the charge is in some way unique. There might be an "overt" allusion to a logo without the artwork matching if the charge is unique or if the logo used a very unusual combination of charges. A girl holding an open parasol and strewing salt behind her from a canister might seem obtrusively modern due to the famous Morton Salt logo even if you dressed the girl in a cotehardie. These cases of obtrusive modernity must all be determined on a case by case basis.

As for the matter of conflict, the Administrative handbook says that we protect Copyrighted Images, Trademarks, Military Insignia, etc. "when covered by applicable laws and regulations in the country from which the material derives." Penguin Books is not listed in the US government's trademark database at http://www.uspto.gov/, so the logo does not appear to be a trademark. Even if it were a trademark or copyrighted image, we are unaware of any applicable laws or regulations whereby registration of a different-looking penguin in the SCA's Armorial would in any way violate copyright law or infringe on the business or brand recognition of Penguin Books.

Wolfram von Taus. Device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, a boar's head erased close Or.

He has a letter of permission to conflict with Harold von Auerbach, (Fieldless) A unicornate boar's head erased Or.

CAID

Adelwyn Atewattere. Device. Per fess azure and vert, on an open book argent an acorn proper.

Æduin of Skye. Name correction from Ædwin of Skye.

This name was originally submitted as Æduin of Skye and was incorrectly listed on the original LoI as Ædwin of Skye.

His previous name, Ædwin of Skye, is released.

Aibhílín inghean uí Mhanacháin. Name.

Andreu Fayrfax. Device. Azure ermined, in pale a cloud argent and an eagle displayed head to sinister Or.

Ariana Blackwolf. Name.

Ariana Irene de Caro. Device. Per pale sable and gules, a tricune inverted within a bordure Or.

Ariana Irene de Caro. Household name Eveninghold and badge. Sable, a comet fesswise reversed Or and a ford proper.

There was some question regarding the registerability of this household name. The household name was submitted as a placename constructed from elements that supported either given name + hold or a reference to a hold used in the evening. Ekwall (p. 170 s.n. Evenlode) gives the meaning of this name as 'Eowla's passage or ferry' and lists three Old English forms of this placename. James Johnson, Place Names of England and Wales (p. 254 s.n. Evenlode) dates several Middle English forms of this placename including Evenlode to 1327. Johnson (p. 513 s.n. Winterhold Pike) dates the spelling Winterhold Pike to 1250 and gives the meaning as either 'hold for dwelling in in winter' or 'Winter's hold' where Winter is a reference to an Old English personal name. A placename that refers to the name of a season does not support a placename that refers to a time of day. In this case, the examples cited above do support Evenhold as a constructed placename meaning 'Eowla's hold'. Ekwall (p. 170 s.n. Everingham) dates the form Eueringeham to 1185 and 1191, and gives the meaning of this name as 'The H{A-}M of Eofor's people'. Therefore, a placename meaning 'the hold of Eowla's people' would take the form Eveninghold.

Since -hold cannot be used as a designator in a branch name or a heraldic title, there is no issue of confusion when it is used as a designator in a household name. It has been registered previously as the designator in a household name. For example, the household name Hasselhold registered in July of 1985 to Joan of Caernarvon uses -hold as the designator.

Beathog nic Dhonnchaidh. Badge. Per pale embattled gules and Or, two dog's pawprints counterchanged.

Bjarki Magnússon. Name and device. Argent, a chevron between two Maltese crosses and an axe sable.

He has a letter of permission to conflict from Sabine of Shernbourne, Argent, a chevron between three chalices inverted sable.

Bj{o,}rn húrsvartr. Device. Gyronny argent and gules, a winged bear rampant sable collared Or and a bordure dovetailed sable.

This was pended from the LoAR of September 2001 due to a misblazon.

B{o,}ðvarr of Dreiburgen. Holding name and device. Paly sable and argent, a dragon maintaining a double-bitted axe and in base a heart enflamed gules.

These arms were originally submitted under the name B{o,}ðvarr bani, which was returned on the February 2002 LoAR.

Bridget Lucia Mackenzie. Badge. Per pale purpure and argent, two swords in saltire and in chief two roundels counterchanged.

Cáel of Skey. Name.

Submitted as Cáel of Skye, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Scottish. As submitted, this name had two weirdnesses: one for mixing an Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) or Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) given name with a Scots byname, and one for temporal disparity because this form of the given name is dated no later than 1200 and the spelling Skye has only been found dated to circa 1610 (in Speed's The Counties of Britain, p. 266, map of Scotland, map drawn 1610). Johnston (p. 296 s.n. Skye) dates Skey to 1292. We have changed the byname to this form to remove the temporal disparity in order to register the name.

An authentic name would have been written all in Gaelic or all in Scots depending upon the language of the document in which the name was recorded. As we were able to find no evidence of Cáel used in Scotland, and no documentation has yet been found for locative bynames in Scottish Gaelic except as part of chiefly titles, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture.

Calista Cristi. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Carlina Vincenzi. Name.

Cassandra o'r waun. Name (see PENDS for device).

Submitted as Cassandra o'r gwaun, the byname was not lenited. We have made this correction.

The submitter requested authenticity for Welsh. As no examples were found of Cassandra used in Welsh, we were unable to make this name authentic.

Cera ingen Taidc. Name change from Cera in Luch.

Listed on the LoI as Cera ingen Taidhg, this name was submitted as Cera ingen Tadc and changed at kingdom to put Tadc into a documented genitive form. Tadc is an Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of the name that became Tadhg in Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). Taidhg is the genitive form of Tadhg. The genitive form of Tadc is Taidc. As ingen, meaning 'daughter', is an Old Irish or Middle Irish form, the accompanying patronym must be an Old Irish or Middle Irish form in order to comply with RfS III.1.a, which requires lingual consistency in a name phrase. Therefore, we have changed the byname to ingen Taidc. Since 'T' does not lenite if the previous word ended in 'n', the byname form Taidc is the appropriate form following ingen.

Her previous name, Cera in Luch, is retained as an alternate name.

Conrad Breakring. Name change from Conrad Breakring of Ascalon.

His previous name, Conrad Breakring of Ascalon, is released.

Cristal Fleur de la Mer. Name change from Cristal Fleur Delamare.

This submission is an appeal of a name change made at kingdom when her original name was registered in March 1998. The name was submitted as Cristal Fleur de la Mer and changed to Cristal Fleur Delamare because kingdom was unable to find documentation for the form de la Mer. The name submission for Andre de la Mer (registered May 1998) cited the same documentation referenced in Cristal's original submission. Therefore, that documentation was sufficient to support the spelling de la Mer at that time. Therefore, we have changed the spelling back to the originally submitted form.

Her previous name, Cristal Fleur Delamare, is released.

Davi d'Orléans. Name.

David mac Ean. Name.

Elisabetta Malipiero. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Elspeth Charissa aus Reinwald. Badge. Purpure, a bordure argent.

She has permission to conflict with Aryanhwy Prytydes merch Catmael Caermyrdin, Purpure, a bordure ermine.

Enna van Leuven. Device. Sable, on a fess cotised argent three mullets of eight points azure.

Eoin Fionn mac Cionaoith. Name.

Submitted as Eoin Finn mac Cionaioth, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th to 16th C Irish and allowed any changes. Finn is a Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) spelling. The Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) spelling is Fionn. We have made this change to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Cionaioth was an error for Cionaoith. We have made this correction.

Finnguala ingen uí Medra. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Finnguala ingen uí Mheadhra, the submitter requested authenticity for pre-1200 Irish and allowed minor changes. Mheadhra is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. The corresponding form in Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) is Medra. In Middle Irish Gaelic, 'M' lenites, causing a softening in the pronunciation of this letter. However, the lenition was not shown in the written language at that time, making ingen uí Medra a consistently Middle Irish form of this byname.

Francesco Cristi. Name and device. Per pall inverted vert azure and ermine, in chief two doves displayed heads to sinister erminois.

Fu Ching Lan. Name and device. Argent, a triskelion arrondi within and conjoined to an annulet sable between three butterflies purpure.

Gerhard Goosen. Name.

Ghislaine d'Auxerre. Release of badge (see RETURNS for pended badge). (Fieldless) A cross potent engrailed Or.

The submitter has sent correspondence stating that in March 2000, when her badge, (Fieldless) A cross potent Or, was registered, it was her intent for this badge "to be released and cast into the vortex".

Guillaume Du Buisson. Name and device. Argent, a bend azure in chief a dragon rampant gules.

Note: the spelling Du Buisson is found in Cateline de la Mor's article "Sixteenth Century Norman Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/cateline/norman16.html).

Nice device!

Havelok MacClellan. Device. Sable, a chevron argent fretty gules between three dog's heads couped contourny argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chevron wider. Please also advise the submitter that the fretty would be more identifiable with another visible "track" of fretty.

Helga Iden dohtir. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Helga Idadóttir, the byname combined the German Ida with the Old Norse -dóttir. This violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Lacking evidence that the name Ida was used in Old Norse, the constructed Idadóttir is not registerable.

The LoI stated "the submitter will accept a German form similar to Helga Idas dohtir if she must." Bahlow (p. 272 s.n. It(t)ensohn) gives this as a matronymic meaning 'son of Frau Itta (Ida)' and dates Arnold Ittensun to 1300 and Hertel Idenson to 1375. The parallel 'daughter' forms would be Ittendohtir and Idendohtir. Given the example of Henneke Katerinen son dated to 1336 in Bahlow (p. 288 s.n. Katharina), Itten dohtir and Iden dohtir are reasonable forms as well. As Iden dohtir is the closest of these forms to the alternate form Idas dohtir listed on the LoI, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register her name.

'Ijliyah al-Qurtubiyyah. Name.

Submitted as 'Ijliyah al-Qurtabiyah, the byname was a submitted as a theorized locative byname referring to Cordoba. Juliana de Luna's article "Andalusian Names: Arabs in Spain" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/andalusia/) lists the feminine form of this locative byname al-Qurtubiyya, dating this name to the time period 700 to 1200. As this provides documentation for this construction, we have the byname to this form, adding the 'h' to match the transliteration system used for the given name.

Jacomus Wyndswift. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Johne de Oakford. Name and device. Sable, a dragon sejant argent and on a chief embattled Or four lozenges gules.

Kean de Lacy. Device change. Per pale sable and argent, a Lacy knot and a bordure per pale argent and azure.

The submitter's previous device, Per pale sable and argent, three Lacy knots saltirewise counterchanged argent and azure, is released.

Lachlan of Theriddelond. Name and device. Gules, a rooster close to sinister Or between three crescents argent.

Lishka Cheglokova. Name and device. Or, three falcons vert belled argent and jessed gules and on a chief vert three lilies Or.

Magnús Daggson gylðir. Name change from Marcus Scirloc and device. Per bend sable and Or, a wolf rampant argent and a sheaf of arrows sable.

The descriptive byname, gylðir, was submitted as Gylðir and changed at kingdom to match the documented form gylðir found in Geirr Bassi (p. 22). A question was raised regarding whether the descriptive byname could be registered with the initial letter capitalized. Current precedent regarding this issue is:

Submitted as Emma inn Draumspaki, we have changed the gender of the byname to match the given and changed it to lowercase to match conventional Old Norse spelling. [Emma in draumspaka, 04/00, A-An Tir]

Gold Phoenix submitted a Letter of Comment in December that raised the issue of what is appropriate capitalization for descriptive bynames in Old Norse. Since there has been no commentary on his letter, we are including this topic as an item for discussion in the Cover Letter accompanying this LoAR.

His previous name, Marcus Scirloc, is released.

Maximilian Gartenheit of Heatherwyne. Device. Per fess argent and gules, a chimera passant vert.

This chimera is drawn as the one in Bossewell's 1572 Armorie. It has a lion's body, a lion's head, a goat's head, and a dragon's head regardant. This is the default SCA composition for a chimera.

Meadhbh inghean uí Néill. Name.

Michael of Warwick. Name and device. Sable, a unicorn rampant Or between three mullets of eight points argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for "England during the High Middle Ages (circa 1300 or so)". Bardsley (p. 795 s.n. Warwick) dates John de Warrewyc, Matilda de Warewyck, and John de Warewyc to 1273. We would have changed the byname to one of these forms to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. But as he allowed no changes, we were unable to change the byname to be authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture.

Please advise the submitter to draw the charges, particularly the mullets, larger.

Morgan mac Máeláin. Name.

Submitted as Morgan MacMaoláin, the submitter requested authenticity for 8th to 9th C Gaelic (presumably Irish since he documented his byname from MacLysaght) and allowed minor changes. Morgan is the submitter's legal given name. Forms of it have been found in England, Wales, and Scotland in period, but it has not yet been found in Ireland in period. In the 8th to 9th C, Old Irish was the language spoken in Ireland. The form of this byname appropriate for that time period is mac Máeláin. The form mac Maoláin is an Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. We have changed the byname to the Old Irish form to partially comply with the submitter's request for authenticity. As we were unable to find a form of his given name authentic for 8th to 9th C Gaelic, we were unable to make this name completely authentic.

This name is clear of the submitter's mundane name Morgan Mullins by addition of the syllable mac.

Rose d'Istres. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and Or, a sword bendwise sinister Or and a rose bendwise sinister sable slipped and leaved vert.

Listed on the LoI as Rose d' Istres, the name form had no space between d' and Istres. We have made this correction.

Santin Westmerland of Ravenstonedale. Name and device. Azure, on a chevron between three bees Or three fleurs-de-lis azure.

Submitted as Santine Westmerland of Ravenstonedale, no documentation was presented and none was found for Santine. As the submitter has indicated that she does not care about the gender of the name, we have changed the given name to the documented masculine form Santin in order to register the name.

This device combines the tinctures azure and Or (the tinctures of the French royal and Napoleonic imperial arms), the traditional fleurs-de-lys of France, and the Napoleonic bee. However, fleurs-de-lys and armory in azure and Or are all relatively common in period, and not even particularly idiomatic of French armory. Bees are not very common in period but they are found, and are not particularly used in French armory. There is nothing about this particular charged chevron design which would contribute to presumption. Therefore, while (as some commenters noted) this is evocative of things French, it is not presumptuous.

Santin Westmerland of Ravenstonedale. Badge. Per bend sinister Or and azure, a fleur-de-lis and a bee counterchanged.

This badge combines the tinctures azure and Or (the tinctures of the French royal and Napoleonic imperial arms), one of the traditional fleurs-de-lys of France, and the Napoleonic bee. However, fleurs-de-lys and armory in azure and Or are all relatively common in period, and not even particularly idiomatic of French armory. Bees are not very common in period but they are found, and are not particularly used in French armory. There is nothing in particular about this per bend sinister armorial design which would contribute to presumption. Therefore, while (as some commenters noted) this is evocative of things French, it is not presumptuous.

Seraphina Sacheverell. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Siobhán inghean an Chamsroin. Name.

Submitted as Siobhán inghean Camsroin, the submitter requested authenticity for 8th to 9th C Gaelic and allowed minor changes. As Siobhán derives from the French name Jehanne, which is a name that was introduced into Ireland by the Anglo-Normans, this name cannot be made authentic for her desired time period (since it pre-dates Anglo-Norman influence in Ireland by 300 to 400 years).

Camsroin, from which the Scots Cameron derives, is a descriptive byname meaning 'crooked-nose'. The Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 3, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/), entry M1360.1, gives an example of a patronymic byname that uses the descriptive byname Cammuinélach, which means 'crooked-neck': "Maol Ruanaidh mac an Chammuinélaigh Uí Baoighill toiseach na Tri Tuath". Given this example, the parallel inghean an Chamsroin is registerable. As no examples of this byname were found for the 8th to 9th C, we were unable to make this byname authentic for the submitter's desired time period.

Sovrana Rosa Medonia Baldini. Name and device. Azure, a blackletter capital S Or and on a chief embattled argent a natural panther passant sable.

The submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Italy and allowed minor changes. As submitted, this name contained three feminine given names and a patronymic byname. A similar submission was ruled on last month:

The registration of Arianna Rosa Christina Veneziano (registered February 1996) was supported by documentation that Catherine de' Medici was christened Caterina Maria Romola. This single example of three given names in Italian makes three given names registerable, though a weirdness. As this name only has a total of four elements, it is not affected by the bar against five element names in Italian (ruled unregisterable in September 1992 with the return of Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento). [Giovanni Giuseppe Gherardo Monteverde, Atlantia-A, LoAR 03/2002]

As with Giovanni's name, this name is registerable as submitted, though it has a weirdness for use of three given names in Italian. An authentic name for 13th C Italy would typically have a single given name and a single byname. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to drop the extra given names to make this name authentic for her desired time period and culture.

Tat'iana Ell'eva. Name.

Þorfinnr Bjarnason. Name and device. Or, a chevron between three axes gules and on a chief sable a Viking longship Or.

Tiernan O'Shea. Name change from Tighearnán Ó Séaghdha and device. Per pale vert and argent, a Celtic cross counterchanged.

The submitter's previous name, Tighearnán Ó Séaghdha, is released.

Tiernan O'Shea. Badge. Per chevron inverted azure and vert, a pawprint and a castle argent.

Tiernan O'Shea. Household name Clann Cléirigh.

There was some question regarding whether the construction of this name was correct. This household name was submitted using the Irish Gaelic model, which is somewhat different than clan name models found in Scotland. In Ireland, clann was used literally and means 'children'. Cléirigh is the genitive form of the Gaelic name Cléirech. So Clann Cléirigh literally means 'children [of] Cléirech' or 'Cléirech's children'. A good example of how this type of name was used is found in the Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 3, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/), entry M1340.4, which begins: "Clann Ualgairg Uí Ruairc, Domhnall, Aedh, Giolla Criost & Ruaidhri". The corresponding entry in the 19th C translation reads: "The sons of Ualgarg O'Rourke, Donnell, Hugh, Gilchreest, and Rory". So, these four sons are members of the Ua Ruairc family, but together they are also clann Ualgairg.

Good name!

Úna ingen Chathail. Device. Azure, on a fess argent cotised Or three annulets azure.

Xartsaga Khara. Name and device. Or, in pale a falcon sable perched upon a scimitar inverted fesswise gules.

CALONTIR

Áine Táilliúir. Device. Azure, a coney salient between flaunches Or each flaunch charged with a Lochaber axe bit to center sable.

Alatheia the Harper. Device. Per bend sinister Or and sable, two winged harps wings addorsed counterchanged.

Ancelin de Briquessart. Device change. Per chevron Or and azure, a sword inverted between three compass stars counterchanged.

His previous device, Per chevron argent and sable, a sword inverted between three compass stars counterchanged, is released.

Ansgar Cristernsen. Name and device. Per chevron azure and Or, a tower counterchanged and in chief two trees eradicated Or.

Submitted as Ansgar Christensen, the submitter requested authenticity for Danish. Unfortunately, this request was not included on the Letter of Intent and so the College, not aware of the request, was not able to provide information to help meet this request.

No documentation was provided, and the College found none, that Christiensen is a period construction. The LoI included the statement, "Christen found on p82 of Svenska fornamn, Roland Otterbjork". This source is not on the "No Photocopy" list and photocopies were not provided. Lacking the photocopies, this does not count as documentation, since we cannot examine the information provided by this source. Johanna aff Hucka, Susi Herald, found information on Danish forms of this name:

According to Danmarks gamle personnavne, pg. 48, at least two existing Danes had this name: the abbot of Ringsted, born 1193, is mentioned in the latin in the form Ansgario and Anskarius from Kloborg, who sealed a document dated 1455 with a seal saying "Ansgar Troglss[en]".

The form "Christen" (nor Christensen) doesn't appear in Danmarks gamle personnavne in this spelling, but there are several other spellings, compatible with 1455, to choose from: Per Cristerns(en) 1486, Pedher Chrestiernss[en] 1471, Christin Jellis[en] 1457, Cristen Pals(en) 1438, Chresten Peders(en) 1482 (all under Kristiarn, pg. 791-793) . In pronounciation the certainly authenthic "Cristernsen" would be close to the (more modern and today very common) Christensen, but Chrestensen (difference: 1 character) or Cristensen (difference: 1 character) would certainly be very likely and sound the same.

As the submitter wants authencity, I suggest that the name be registered in the form Ansgar Cristernsen, where the first name is documented in Denmark 1455 and the patronymic is documented in Denmark 1486.

We have changed the name to the form recommended by Susi Herald to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Bridget Fleming. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Brighid Fleming, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. The name Brighid was considered too holy to use by Gaels in Ireland throughout period, though it is registerable as a Gaelic name under the clarification of the registerability of saints' names (see the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR for details). However, the name Bridget did come into use in England in various spellings. Fleming is an English surname that originally referred to a person from Flanders. It was introduced into Ireland by the Anglo-Normans. Woulfe (p. 659 s.n. Pléamonn, Pléimeann) dates the Anglicized form Flamang to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. The Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 3 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/), lists the forms Flemeann and Flemenn under the entry M1176.10. The Annals of Connacht (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100011/) lists Sémas Plémend under entry 1492.2 and Cristoir Plemenn under 1517.5. The Annals of Connacht use conservative orthography and so their forms are not typical for the time period they are discussing. Typical forms for this time period would be the headers listed in Woulfe, though the form Flemeann also seems reasonable for this period as well.

Regarding an authentic form of the submitted name, an authentic name would be rendered all in Gaelic or all in Anglicized Irish/English depending upon the language of the document in which the name was recorded. Bridget Fleming would be an authentic name for a woman in late period England. It is also a valid Anglicized Irish name. However, as we have found no evidence of the name Bridget used by Anglo-Norman families in Ireland, it is likely not authentic for that culture. A fully Gaelic form of this name would be Brighid Pléamonn, Brighid Pléimeann or Brighid Flemeann. Evidence shows that names which the Gaels considered holy, including Brighid, were not used as given names in period. Lacking evidence that Brighid was used by Gaels in period, it is registerable as a saint's name, but not authentic. We have changed this name to a single-language form in order to partially comply with the submitter's request for authenticity, choosing the form Bridget Fleming since it is the closest one of these options to the submitted form.

Byrhtwynn æt Cwenagræfan. Name and device. Or, a fess of rustres conjoined triply cotised plain vert.

Submitted as Byrhtwynn aet Cwenengrafa, the submitter requested authenticity for 7th to 9th C Anglo-Saxon and allowed minor changes. The byname was submitted as a constructed locative which the submitter wished to mean 'at Grove of the Women'.

Since the submitter requested authenticity, we have changed the preposition from the transliteration aet to the standard Anglo-Saxon form æt.

The submitted Cwenengrafa was constructed from cwen meaning both 'queen' and 'woman' and græfa 'grove'. Anglo-Saxon grammar can be complicated. In this case, small changes result in dramatically different meanings. Metron Ariston provided an explanation of these issues:

Unfortunately, in Old English this preposition [æt] takes the dative (Sweet, Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, p. 11). Græfa does mean bush, shrub, bramble, grove, etc. (Sweet, op. cit., p. 159). However, it is a weak masculine noun so the proper singular dative would be græfan. Note that immediately above græfa in the same dictionary is græf, a strong noun which refers to a grave or trench. While this would normally have a genitive in e, producing græfe, dative singulars of strong nouns are sometimes found (Sweet, Anglo-Saxon Primer, Ninth Edition, p. 11). That would produce a græfa, which would mean grave rather than grove. Moreover, the genitive singular of cwen is cwene while the plural would be cwena. Thus æt Cwenegræfan should mean at the queen's grove while æt Cwenegræfa would mean at the queen's grave. With the plural genitive æt Cwenagræfan should mean at the queens' grove while æt Cwenagræfa would mean at the queens' grave. And putting a plural on both sides would give æt Cwenagræfum which (just to be confusing) could be either at the queens' groves or at the queens' graves.

The submitter's desired meaning was 'at Grove of the Women'. So, 'women' is plural and 'grove' is singular in her desired meaning. That would match the plural genitive form æt Cwenagræfan provided by Metron Ariston. We have made this change to make the byname match the submitter's desired meaning. Since cwen means both 'queen' and 'woman', this byname also means 'at the women's grove'.

Cai Douglas. Device change. Per pale argent and sable, two coneys combatant within a bordure embattled counterchanged.

His previous device, Argent, a coney courant between three thistles sable, is released.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge. Purpure, an amphora Or and a bordure argent.

Cassandra Cappelletti. Name and device. Azure, a goose rousant contourny and on a chief wavy argent three hurts.

Submitted as Cassandra di Cappelletti, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed any changes. The Italian name Cappelletti derives from multiple sources. However, since none of them are patronymic in origin, di would not have been used. We have dropped that element in order to register the name.

Catlin Marie de Moretaine. Name and device. Sable, on a bend sinister between two roses argent three butterflies palewise sable.

Cerridwyn Eurgledde ferch Owain ap Bychan ap Gruffudd. Name change from Cerridwyn Eurgledde ferch Owain ap Bychan Glyndyfrdwy.

Listed on the LoI as Cerridwyn Eurgledde ferch Owain ap Bychan ap Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Seisyllt ap Meredudd, the name was submitted as Cerridwyn Eurgledde ferch Owain Glyn Dwr ap Bychan ap Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Seisyllt ap Meredudd. The element Glyn Dwr was dropped at kingdom (with the submitter's permission) to prevent conflict with the historical Owain Glyn Dwr. While the historical Owain Glyn Dwr did not have the exact genealogy represented here, the combination of Owain and Glyn Dwr is so closely associated with the historic figure that use of Owain Glyn Dwr in a patronymic byname is presumptuous. Therefore, it is in violation of RfS VI.3, "Names Claiming Specific Relationships. - Names that unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected person or literary character will generally not be registered."

While four generations in a Welsh name (a given name and three generations in the byname) is uncommon, it occurs often enough to be registerable without a weirdness. However, only one example of more than three generations in the patronymic byname has been found outside of genealogies:

[Iestyn ap Cadfael ap Ianto ap Danno ap Richard ap Owen ap Rhys o'r Cwm] Lord Hund has noted the use on a Welsh gravestone of a similarly lengthy name (John ap Robert ap Porth ap Daffyd ap Gruffydd ap Daffyd Vaughan ap Blethyn ap Gruffydd ap Meredith ap Jerworth ap Llewellyn ap Jerom ap Heilin ap Cowryd ap Cadwan ap Alawgwa ap Cadell of Powys, born 1547). The gravestone is as much a legal "document" as a birth record. (Iestyn ap Cadfael ap Ianto ap Danno ap Richard ap Owen ap Rhys o'r Cwm, September, 1992, pg. 33)

Given this example, a Welsh byname containing more than three generations is registerable. However, since only one example has been found outside of genealogies, it is a weirdness. Genealogies serve a special purpose, and so do not solely represent a person's name. Rather they identify a person's lineage, which is not necessarily part of their name. Therefore, the number of generations represented in a genealogy is not support for that number of generations in a normal name.

This name has a weirdness for use of Cerridwyn, which is registerable only because it is grandfathered to the submitter. The spelling Cerridwyn is not SCA compatible; only the spellings Ceridwen and Cerridwen were ruled SCA compatible in August 1995. The six generations in the byname in this submission is a second weirdness which costs the name the benefit of the doubt and makes it unregisterable in this form. As the submitter allows any changes, we have dropped the last three generations in the byname in order to register the name. The submitter also requested authenticity for Welsh. As there is no evidence that any form of Cerridwyn was used by humans in period, we were unable to make this name authentic as requested by the submitter.

As submitted, this name had an additional problem. Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Seisyllt was a king of Gwynnedd and Powys who extended his control and effectively became king of Wales. As a ruler, his name is protected. The submitter documented these elements from a royal genealogy that included this Gruffudd. The question would be whether use of these three elements in this order would "unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected person" which is prohibited by RfS VI.3. The removal of the last three generations of the patronymic byname in order to remove the weirdness for the large number of generations in the patronymic also resolves this problem. Therefore, at this time, we are declining to rule on whether the submitted byname would be presumptuous.

Her previous name, Cerridwyn Eurgledde ferch Owain ap Bychan Glyndyfrdwy, is released.

Cian mac Con Roí. Device. Argent, on a fess embattled counter-embattled between an axe fesswise reversed and an axe fesswise vert a bird displayed argent.

Daniel Elis. Name and device. Azure, a chevron Or cotised argent in chief two lions double-queued combatant Or.

David de Val du Bois. Name and device. Gules, three fir trees and on a chief triangular Or a heart gules.

Submitted as Dawved Val du Bois, the submitter requested authenticity for "any" and allowed any changes. Dawved was submitted as a "French form variation of David". However, no documentation was provided and none was found to support Dawved as a period variant of David. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable. We have changed the given name to the French form David found in Colm Dubh's article An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html).

Val du Bois was submitted as a constructed locative intended to mean 'Valley of Woods'. Clarion says of this name, "While Val du Bois is a perfectly legitimate construction, the submitter might want to know about the actual French place name (with a practically identical meaning) Vallerois-le-Bois, dated in Dauzat & Rostaing (s.n. Val) to the 14th century." Additional support for this construction is found in Morlet's Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille (p. 948 s.n. Val), which lists Valembois as an undated surname and gives as the name's origin "prob. Val-en-Bois". As the submitted locative is plausible as a placename in period French, it is registerable. We have added de to form the standard locative byname construction in French.

Donald Andrew MacDonald. Name and device. Argent, a goblet between two pheons in chevron sable and on a point pointed vert a bowed psaltery argent.

Submitted as Donald MacDonald, this name conflicted with Ronald MacDonald per the precedent:

We are not entirely sure the present-day authors Donald MacDonald, Donald F. MacDonald and Donald L. MacDonald, cited in commentary, are important enough to protect. Da'ud ibn Auda wrote, in the March 1992 LoAR on a case of a conflict against a modern author: "His name is apparently too recent to appear yet in any of our standard sources, but he is clearly well known enough to warrant protection. (Even Lord Laurel who has read none of his works, is familiar with all the titles mentioned by the commenters.)" We are not confident that any of the cited authors are that well known. It doesn't matter, however, since the name is also in aural conflict with Ronald MacDonald of hamburger fame, who is well known enough to protect. [Donald MacDonald, 09/00, R-Ansteorra]

The submitter specifically allowed addition of the element Andrew to clear this conflict. Use of two given names in Scots is registerable, though it is a weirdness.

The psaltery in this emblazon is a bowed psaltery, a non-period musical instrument which has been registered in the SCA. As noted for Sean of the Outlands (in the March 2002 LoAR), we will continue to register this instrument through the September 2002 decision meetings, explicitly blazoning it as a bowed psaltery. After that time, it will no longer be acceptable unless documentation is presented for this form of psaltery in period.

Donnchad Atholl. Device. Quarterly gules and argent, in bend two astrolabes argent.

Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) A Ukrainian trident head vert.

Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) A Ukrainian trident vert.

The Ukranian trident head is a folk art design that was not found in period armory, but is allowed in SCA heraldry. Ukranian folk art does not include a design depicting a full trident with the Ukranian stylized head. While we could blazon this as A Ukranian trident head ensigning a staff vert, it seemed simpler to blazon it as a Ukranian trident.

Gottfried von Köln. Device. Checky Or and gules, a bird rising contourny sable maintaining a lightning bolt bendwise sinister argent all within a bordure sable.

Gracye of Lokwode. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and purpure, a rat sejant erect Or and a bordure Or semy of oak leaves vert.

Jivete de Saumur. Name and device. Azure, on a flame argent a horse passant azure all within a bordure argent.

Kaie Tor of Blakwode. Name and device. Checky purpure and argent, on a bend argent three trees palewise sable.

Submitted as Kaie of Blakwode Tor, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C (no language specified) and allowed any changes. Kaie was documented as a Danish feminine name dated to 1432 in Danmarks Gamie Personnavne. Combining Danish with English is a weirdness, though it is registerable. An authentic form of this name would have been rendered all in Danish or all in English depending upon the language of the document that the name was recorded it.

The constructed locative Blakwode Tor had some problems. Documentation was provided for Blakwode and de Blacwode (from Reaney & Wilson, p. 47 s.n. Blackwood), so of Blakwode is a reasonable byname. Blakwode would mean 'black wood'. The support provided for Tor was a citation for le Tor dated to 1240 in Reaney & Wilson (p. 451, s.n. Torr). However, that entry identifies le Tor as a byname meaning 'the bull'. Therefore, Blakwode Tor would mean 'black wood bull', which does not make sense as a placename. The same entry in Reaney & Wilson dates Robert de Torra to 1182, Martin de la Torre to 1242, and Walter atte Torre to 1296, and gives the meaning of this byname as 'Dweller by the rocky peak or hill'. All of the examples of the locative have two 'r's in the byname and a vowel at the end. A hypothetical Blakwode Torre would mean 'black wood rocky-peak/hill' which also does not form a plausible meaning for a placename in period.

Clarion found the placename Eofede Torr dated to 1323 in Ekwall (s.n. Haytor). Ekwall gives the first element of this name as deriving from a word for 'ivy', so Eofede Torr would mean 'ivy rocky-peak/hill'. Ekwall (p. 47 s.n. Blagdon) dates the form Blakedone to 1242 and gives the meaning as 'black hill'. So, a placename meaning 'black rocky-peak/hill' is reasonable. Given these examples, it would likely take the form Blaktorr or Blaketorr.

Registerable forms of this name would not have Blakwode and Tor combined in a placename. For example, some registerable forms are Kaie Tor of Blakwode, Kaie Blakwode le Tor, Kaie Blakwode de la Torre, Kaie Blakwode atte Torre, Kaie of Blakwode, Kaie of Blaktorr, Kaie of Blaketorr, et cetera. Since the form Kaie Tor of Blakwode has all of the submitted elements in it, in the submitted spellings, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register the name.

Kenrick Dryden. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Loch Meadhonach, Shire of. Branch name (see RETURNS for device).

We have dropped Incipient from the submitted name, as the College does not track this status.

Olivia MacKay. Name and device. Argent, a columbine and a bordure wavy purpure charged with increscents argent.

It is an odd but nonetheless valid nuance of SCA blazon that the blazon above is equivalent to the blazon Argent, a columbine flower purpure and a bordure wavy purpure semy of increscents argent. Either blazon form is acceptable. In this emblazon, the columbine is purpure, and the bordure is purpure with argent increscents on it. However, the blazon Argent, a columbine and a bordure wavy purpure semy of increscents argent puts increscents on the columbine as well as on the bordure.

Park of Vatavia. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a bend sinister potenty counter-potenty between a fleur-de-lys and a natural tiger rampant gules marked argent.

Submitted under the name Alcyoneus de Battenhelm.

Simone de Mares. Name.

Sindri Oddvaksson. Name.

Thomas the Black. Name and device. Erminois, a fess gules between three boar's heads couped close sable.

Tonwen verch Gruffydd. Name and device. Lozengy Or and vert, two owls addorsed and a cross crosslet fitchy argent.

Submitted as Tanwen verch Gruffydd, no documentation was presented and none could be found that Tanwen was used as a name in period. Therefore, the following precedent still applies:

No documentation was given for Tanwen except as a possible spelling variant for Tonwen or Tangwen; however, such spelling variants do not appear to be valid for Welsh names. [Tanwen Glyn Helfarch, 02/00, R-An Tir]

As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to Tonwen, which is found on p. 32 in Complete Anachronist #66: A Welsh Miscellany, in order to register the name.

Turlough M'Colline More. Name and badge. Azure, a harp Or overall a branch bendwise sinister all within a bordure argent.

Submitted as Turlough mac Collin Mor, the submitter requested authenticity for "Turlough" and allowed any changes. The submitted byname mac Collin Mor is a mix of Gaelic and Anglicized forms. A fully Gaelic form of the byname would be mac Coilín Móir. Woulfe (p. 348 s.n. Mac Dáibhidh Mór) dates the Anglicized forms M'David More, M'Davy More, M'Damore, and M'Amore to temp. Elizabeth I - James I. Under Mac Coilín (p. 333), he dates M'Colline and M'Kellyn to the same time period. Therefore, a fully Anglicized form of the byname would be M'Colline More or M'Kellyn More. Either of these would be appropriate for use with the Anglicized Turlough. As the first is closer to the submitted spelling, we have changed the byname to this form. A fully Gaelic form of this name would be Toirdhealbhach mac Coilín Móir.

Ulf Einarson. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 8th C "Vendel", and allowed no changes. No documentation was provided for Ulf. The LoI documented Ulfr from Geirr Bassi (p. 15).

Einarsson, not Einarson, is the correct patronymic form of the Old Norse name Einarr. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to correct this name to Old Norse to match the submitted language. As Sveriges medeltida personnamn (vol. 5, s.n. Enar) dates Thorgyl Enarson to 1439 and Einar Suenson to 1435, Einarson is plausible for Swedish in the 1430s. Danmarks Gamle Personnavne: Fornavne (s.n. Ulf) dates Ulf to assorted dates including the 12th C, the 13th C, 1379, and 1498. Mixing Danish and Swedish in a name is registerable, though a weirdness. As the name elements date to within 300 years of each other, there is not a second weirdness for temporal disparity and this name is registerable.

Vaska of Westumbria. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, on a fess between two horses passant vert a dragon passant argent.

Submitted under the name Vaska McCormick.

DRACHENWALD

Ginevra dell'Acqua. Badge. (Fieldless) A goat statant paly azure and argent.

Mary Elizabeth Sutton. Name.

EAST

Ailionóra inghean Fhaoláin. Name.

Ailionóra inghean Philib uí Chorcráin. Name.

Submitted as Ailionóra inghean Pilib Ó Corcráin, we have added lenition to the byname and changed Ó to its genitive form uí as required by Gaelic grammar.

Alejandra Lucia del Castillo. Name and device. Or, two panthers combattant and on a point pointed purpure a castle argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 15th C Spanish. Alejandra was documented as the Spanish name for a 4th C martyr. However, no evidence was found that Alejandra was used in 13th to 15th C Spain. Therefore, this name is registerable, though it is not authentic for her desired time and language/culture.

Ana Lucia de Andalucia. Name and device. Per chevron Or and purpure, in chief a hurt.

Arthur de Beaumont. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Bertran de Bancroft. Name and device. Quarterly gules and azure, a lion rampant guardant lozengy argent and sable maintaining a gauntlet argent.

Branwen filia Iohannis de Monmouth. Name and device. Azure, an open book and in base a bee argent marked sable.

This does not conflict with Yale University (important non-SCA armory), Azure, an open book argent charged with Hebrew letters sable. There is one CD for adding the secondary bee, and another CD for removing the tertiary letters from the book. As seen on p. 241 of Neubecker's Heraldry-Sources, Symbols and Meanings, the Hebrew letters on the books in the arms of Yale University are few and large, and function as tertiary charges. In general, open books may be drawn with numerous small writing marks as artistic license, the writing so small that it could not be read from any distance, but such writing would not be blazoned.

Cecilia Attewode. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Charles of Giggleswick. Name and device. Per fess azure and purpure, a fess wavy Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the fess wider.

Ciarnait inghean Bhroin. Device. Azure, a chevron vert fimbriated Or between three caravels argent.

David Gladstone. Name and device. Vert, in fess a rose between two rats combattant argent.

Diana Scott. Device. Vert, a horse courant and in base a crescent and on a chief argent three mullets sable.

Eoin mac Neill mhic Lochlainn. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Eoin Mac Neill Mac Lochlainn, the form listed Eoin mac Neill mac Lochlainn. We have put the particles into lowercase to follow the submitted form. The second mac was in the nominative case. We have corrected it to the genitive form mhic.

Fergus O Ferrall of Fenwick. Name.

Gideon ha-Khazar. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Gideon Ha Khazar, the form spelled the name as Gideon ha-Khazar. We have returned the name to this form.

Ketill Errickson. Name.

Konrad von Ulm. Name and device. Argent, a lion rampant and on a chief embattled sable three Maltese crosses argent.

Leonhard Schuwert. Name and device. Per chevron azure and Or, two printers' balls in saltire azure inked sable each sustained by a hand azure.

Louise LaMotte. Badge. (Fieldless) In pale a bezant between and conjoined to two butterflies azure.

Lucia Francesca de Valencia. Badge. (Fieldless) A baton argent overall an apple slipped and leaved vert.

Some commenters suggested that we explicitly define the orientation of the baton. A baton in heraldry is, by definition, a bend couped.

Magdalena Winter. Name.

Morgan ap Rhys ap Bran. Device. Counter-ermine, a sun argent charged with a lion's head gules and on a chief embattled argent two roses sable.

Ol'ga Kaf'skaia. Name.

Ommadonn an Luch. Device reblazon. Argent, semy of shamrocks vert, a mouse rampant sable maintaining an Irish harp Or stringed vert.

The original blazon was Argent, semy of shamrocks vert, a mouse [Mus musculus domesticus] rampant proper playing an Irish harp Or, stringed vert. We have explicitly tinctured the mouse as sable, because it is very dark grey on an argent field. No evidence was presented that a mouse has a defined proper tincture, and mice can be found in a wide range of colors, so it was necessary to specify the tincture. We have explicitly blazoned the harp as maintained to show that it is not co-primary with the mouse.

Tuathal mac Catcheirn. Name and device. Argent, two stags springing addorsed and in chief a sun gules.

Submitted as Tuathal maic Cathchern, no documentation was provided and none was found that maic is a plausible variant of mac. Also, we have put the byname into a genitive form as required by Gaelic grammar.

LOCHAC

Áedán óc mac Rónáin h-Úi Fáeláin. Device. Argent, a saltire purpure overall a wolf rampant sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the wolf so that it lies more on the field and less on the saltire. This saltire is a fine, wide saltire for a charge lying on the field without an overall charge, but it could easily be drawn thinner without being too thin, allowing more of the wolf to lie on the field. Moreover, the wolf's legs should be disposed to make them lie more on the field and less on the saltire. This can be done without distorting the rampant posture of the wolf.

Aldwin Seguin. Device. Argent, a saltire embattled counter-embattled azure between four hedgehogs statant gules.

Collette de Harecourt. Name (see PENDS for device).

Submitted as Collette de Harcourt, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th to 16th C English and allowed minor changes. All forms of Harcourt that were found dated to her period were spelled Harecourt. We have made this change to meet her request for authenticity.

Dafydd ap Iorwerth ap Rhodri de dena. Name (see RETURNS for device).

This name includes a Latin form of a locative byname in an otherwise Welsh name. While not common, this practice did occur. Harpy found Jovan ap Ysaac de tribus castris in Abergavenny court records of 1256 (A. J. Roderick & William Rees, Ministers' Accounts for the Lordships of Abergavenny, Grosmont, Skenfrith and White Castle: Part I-The Lordship of Abergavenny).

Gregory Tortouse de Sloleye. Name.

Toirdhealbhach Ó Corráin. Device. Azure, a griffin segreant contourny and a chief rayonny Or.

Tostig atte Scelga. Name and device. Gyronny sable and argent, on a lozenge gules a sword inverted Or.

Submitted as Tostig Scelga, no documentation was provided and none was found for unmarked locatives in Old English. We have added atte in order to register this name.

Willoughby Vale, Canton of. Device change. Argent fretty, on a chief vert two laurel wreaths argent.

They have permission to conflict with the Barony of Altavia, Argent, a fret sable and on a chief vert a laurel wreath argent. Their previous device, Ermine, a tower sable within a laurel wreath gules, all within a bordure embattled sable, is released.

MERIDIES

Cairistiona of An Dun Theine. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, a winged unicorn rampant Or armed and crined argent and a bordure compony Or and sable.

Submitted under the name Cairistiona inghean mhic Chárthaigh.

Caitriona Campbell of Loch Ness. Name change from holding name Caitriona of Grey Niche.

Eoin Mac Cana. Device. Per fess sable and lozengy argent and azure, in chief a lion dormant to sinister Or.

Isabelle Christine de Foix. Device. Azure, an open book and on a chief argent three hurts.

Óláfr Ljótarson af Øy. Device. Lozengy argent and azure, on a fess argent fimbriated sable a cross crosslet fitchy between two oak leaves azure.

Ronane Blackwell. Household name House Blackwell and badge. (Fieldless) A spider web within and conjoined to an annulet Or.

This name does not conflict with Blackwell Publishers, as that publishing group does not have its own entry in a general encyclopedia and it is not a registered trademark.

MIDDLE

Aidan of Aran. Device. Per bend sinister argent and sable, a bird displayed and a boar statant within a bordure counterchanged.

The bird was originally blazoned as a martlet, but as drawn it was not clearly a martlet. It was not in the martlet's default close position and does not show the martlet's leg stumps. It has therefore been reblazoned as a generic bird. The boar was drawn differently in the large sized emblazon than in the mini-emblazon. It is recognizable as a boar, unlike the stylized "piggy bank" animal in the mini-emblazon.

Anabella Makmyllane. Device. Per fess purpure and vert, a fess between in chief a decrescent between two mullets and in base a mullet argent.

Angelline la Petita. Name and device. Per fess vert and azure, a bear statant erect contourny and a bordure embattled Or.

Blædwyn Honestus. Name and device. Argent, a sun between two lightning bolts in chevron inverted and on a chief embattled sable three crescents argent.

Elinor Larke le Dauncer. Name.

Elisabeth Fairchild. Device. Purpure, a sheep salient and on a chief embattled argent two ermine spots sable.

Grecia de Caunteton. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Grecia de Canterton, the LoI stated that the submitter would prefer the form Caunteton, but the consultation table and kingdom were unable to document this spelling. Woulfe (p. 253 s.n. de Canntún) dates the Anglicized Irish forms de Cauntoun, de Caunton, and de Canton to temp. Elizabeth I-James I and gives Norman forms of this name as de Countyntoun, de Cauntyton, and de Caunteton. As documentation was found for the submitter's originally desired spelling, we have changed the name to that form.

Havenholde, March of. Acceptance of badge transfer. Per pale argent and Or, a Norse H [hagall] rune gules, overall an arrow inverted sable.

The badge was transferred from James Cunningham.

Irene Elise Brabant. Name and device. Per pale Or and azure, two increscents counterchanged and on a chief triangular gules a sun Or.

Isabel Fosson. Name and device. Argent, a squirrel statant gules and on a chief vert three acorns argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 12th C "French Norman". As the College was unable to find dated forms of either element in that time period, we do not know if it is authentic for her desired time and culture.

Please advise the submitter to draw the squirrel more identifiably. A squirrel has shorter and smaller forelegs and larger round hindquarters. Its tail, while full, also tends to be less shaggy than in this submission. The squirrel's statant posture does not enhance its identifiability, as squirrels are sejant erect by default and almost always found in that posture in period armory. As drawn, this squirrel risks being confused with another animal.

Isabetta Pomati. Name and device. Azure, a pomegranate slipped and leaved and a chief Or.

Submitted as Isabetta del Pomati, no documentation was found that del would have been used in this byname. Therefore, we have dropped it.

While no documentation was found dating Pomati to period, other bynames derived from the names of fruit were documented to period. Given those examples, this is a plausible period byname.

James Cunningham. Transfer of badge. Per pale argent and Or, a Norse H [hagall] rune gules, overall an arrow inverted sable.

The badge was transferred to the March of Havenholde.

Karen Ingridsdotir. Name and device. Sable, a pentagon within an orle argent.

Listed on the LoI as Karen Ingridsdottir, the name was submitted as Karen Ingriddotir and the byname changed at kingdom to match constructions found in Sveriges Medeltida (vol. IV, column 543).

Karen is the submitter's legal given name.

The byname Ingridsdottir combines Ingrid (documented as Norwegian from E. H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn från Medeltiden, col. 639 s.n. Ingiriðr, which dates Ingridh to 1430 and Ingerid to 1461), and -dottir (documented as Swedish in Sveriges Medeltida Personamen (vol. IV, column 543), which lists Cecelia Ingadottir). By the 15th century, Norweigian and Swedish had diverged and were different, though related, languages. Therefore, the constructed Ingridsdottir violates RfS III.1.a by combining Norwegian and Swedish in a single name phrase. Lindorm Eriksson's article "Swedish Feminine Names from ca. 1300" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/swedish1300female.html) lists the form Ingrid and includes the names Helena Ormsdotyr uxor Johannis Ingason and Ingeborg filia Tunædotir domina. Sveriges Medeltida Personamen (vol. III, column 636, s.n. Elena) dates Elena Anundadottir to 1312. From these examples, Ingridsdotir and Ingridadotir are plausible Swedish forms of this byname close to the originally submitted Ingriddotir. We have changed the byname to the first of these in order to register the name.

Khalid al-Hasan. Name and device. Or, a saltire gules between four fleurs-de-lys vert.

Nice arms!

Lamorak of Dunsinane. Name and device. Per chevron sable and purpure, three decrescents argent.

Submitted as Lamorak A' Dunsinane, the submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language / culture and allowed minor changes. The name was changed to Lamorak of Dunsinane at kingdom for lack of documentation of A' used in locative bynames.

Lamorak was one of the knights of the round table mentioned in Arthurian literature. Therefore, his name is registerable under the guidelines for use of literary names given in the cover letter for the February 1999 LoAR. Lacking evidence that this name was used by real people in period, it is not authentic.

Leonor Alcon. Name and device. Per chevron vert and argent, three popinjays counterchanged.

Nice arms!

Lie de Camurac. Name and device. Per chevron vert and azure, three martlets argent.

Mare Amethystinum, Shire of. Badge. Or, an open book gules.

Marie Joyeux. Device. Per pale gules and sable, a phoenix between three roundels Or each roundel charged with an annulet sable.

Marion Catherine. Name and device. Azure, an escallop inverted argent and a ford proper.

Milica of Varna. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Byzantine. The College was unable to find a Byzantine form of the byname of Varna, though examples of Byzantine locative bynames were found. Maridonna Benvenuti's article "14th Century Names of Lay Proprietors in the Themes of Thessaloniki and Strymon" (http://www.maridonna.com/onomastics/lay.htm) dates the names Demetrios Doukopoulos to 1300 and Petros Doukopoulos to 1324 and 1327. In these names, -poulos indicates a Peloponnese person. Since examples of locative bynames were found, of Varna may be considered to be a Lingua Anglica translation of the corresponding Byzantine locative byname.

Oswin de Kokerham. Name and device. Gules, three crosses fleury and on a chief indented Or two arming buckles sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the ends of the cross fleury more pronouncedly.

Ragnar Karlson. Badge. Per pale gules and argent, two axes in saltire between three mullets one and two all counterchanged.

Robard Sharparrow. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, two pheons counterchanged and a bordure gules.

Ryan of Grey Gargoyles. Name and device. Quarterly Or and azure, in bend two lions rampant gules.

Ryan is his legal given name.

Sarra Romney of Mermaid Inn. Name.

Stephen atte Smythe. Name.

Tangwystyl verch Rhys. Name.

Tighearnán Dikeman. Name and device. Quarterly azure and vert, four wolf's heads caboshed Or.

The submitter requested authenticity for Irish. As this name combines a Gaelic given name and an English occupational byname, the name is registerable, though not authentic. Lacking a period Irish form of Dikeman, we were unable to modify this name to be authentic for the submitter's desired culture.

Tomaltach de Brus. Name and device. Per pale argent and purpure, a chief gyronny Or and gules.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Irish and allowed minor changes. All examples of forms of the byname Bruce that are found in annals entries for the 14th century in Ireland refer to members of the Scottish royal family, including Roiberd A Briús (entry M1317.3) and Eduard A Brius (entry M1318.4) listed in the Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 3 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/). Woulfe (p. 249 s.n. de Brús) says that the name is "old in Ireland, but has always been very rare." Given this information, one of these Gaelic forms is plausible for a member of an Anglo-Norman family in Ireland.

As the submitter did not allow major changes, we did not change the byname to a Gaelic form, since changing the language of an element is a major change.

Vilk{u,} Urvas, Shire of. Branch name.

This submission is an appeal of the return:

We have traditionally been somewhat more lenient with names from cultures for which we don't have adequate reference works, and we see no reason to change this policy. However, it does not mean that one can in such cases simply look up random words in a dictionary. At the very least we would expect the submitters to show, first, that the name is grammatically correct and, second, that similar constructions exist somewhere else. These examples of similar names would ideally be from nearby cultures. [Vilku Urvas, Shire of, Middle-R, LoAR 09/2000]

This appeal includes documentation of Lithuanian placenames that have forms of vilkas as the protheme, including Vilkakiemis (dated to the 16th C) and Vilku Kampas (dated to the 4th C or earlier). In the case of Lithuanian, the language did not start being written down until the 16th C. So the dates in these cases refer to the age of the settlement at the location, not the particular form of the name. No documentation was provided that urvas, meaning 'cave, grotto, cavern, cavity or hollow', has been used as an element in Lithuanian placenames even at the present time. Urvikiai and Urviskes are placenames in modern Lithuania (http://www.lietuva-jums.lt/IMI/i_en.jsp?nr=gyvenvietes_u). When compared to other placenames, particularly Vilkiskes (listed at http://www.lietuva-jums.lt/IMI/i_en.jsp?nr=gyvenvietes_v), these two placenames seem to use a form of urvas as a protheme. In conjuction with our traditional policy to be "somewhat more lenient with names from culutres for which we don't have adequate reference works", these examples, combined with the information and examples provided by the submitters, is sufficient evidence to register this branch name.

The appeal expressed the submitters' belief that the originally submitted documentation had been sufficient to support registration of the name. Regardless, they provided additional documentation, and it is that documentation that is allowing this name to be registered (as specified above). The documentation accompanying the original submission in their file consists solely of photocopies from a Lithuanian-English pronunciation dictionary and a book entitled Lithanian Self-Taught. While these sources are good for determining meaning of elements and how to conjugate them properly, they do not address whether the elements in question were used in placenames in period. If documentation that these elements were used in placenames was included in the original submission, then that documentation was misplaced somewhere during the submission process. Though we "have traditionally been somewhat more lenient with names from cultures for which we don't have adequate reference works", we still need evidence that the submitted elements are ones that are used in placenames. That issue has been resolved with this appeal.

We have dropped Incipient from the submitted name, as the College does not track this status.

Waczlaw Rodaky. Name and device. Gules, a lion queue-fourchy maintaining a tankard and on a chief embattled Or three towers gules.

This name was originally submitted as Vachlav Rodacki and changed at kingdom, as the submitter requested an authentic 13th C Eastern European name. Paul Wickenden of Thanet provided the following documentation for this Polish form:

As the client has requested a period name (and permits changes), I would propose Rodaky, which is dated to 1472 in the Slownik Staropolskich Nazw Osobowycz (IV: 469). Ibid (VI: 84) has Waczslaw dated to 1305 and Waczlaw dated to 1390. I suggest that Waczlaw Rodaky would be a lovely Eastern European name.

OUTLANDS

Bronwen Blackwell. Name and device. Per pale vert and argent, a seeblatt counterchanged.

The name Bronwen has long been SCA compatible. It was among those included in the list provided in the Cover Letter that accompanied the June 1996 LoAR.

Caterine d'Albret. Device. Per pale vert and purpure, three fleurs-de-lys argent.

Conchenn ingen Briain. Name and device. Per chevron vert and argent, two spoons in saltire argent and a brown mouse statant erect proper.

There was some question about the spelling of this byname. As submitted, this name is Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) or Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200). In Gaelic, lenition can affect a name in two ways. It affects pronunciation by causing a softening of the pronunciation of the letter in question. In the written form of the name, lenition is shown by placing an 'h' after the letter that is lenited. (In some scripts, a punctum delens, which shows up as a dot over the letter, is used instead of an 'h' following the letter.) There are several letters ('b', 'd', 'g', and 'm') which lenited in Old and Middle Irish Gaelic, but did not show lenition in written forms until Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). Therefore, ingen Briain is the correct form of the submitted byname. In Early Modern Gaelic, the same byname would become inghean Bhriain.

Dietrich Karl von Andernach. Name and device. Per chevron gules and sable, an eagle between three crosses formy Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw all the charges larger.

Ophelia Mulryan. Device. Per fess azure and argent, a mermaid in her vanity proper crined gules and in chief three escallops argent.

Sabiha al-Zarqa. Name.

Thomas Edward Dudley. Device change. Per pale argent and sable, three bars counterchanged.

Nice device! His previous device, Argent ermined azure, an oak tree proper issuant from a base sable, is released.

Tuman Elnikov. Device change. Per chevron throughout sable and Or, two towers Or and a demon genuant guardant azure maintaining a sword gules.

His previous device was the same except for the tincture of the demon, and is being released: Per chevron throughout sable and Or, two towers Or and a demon genuant guardant vert maintaining a sword gules.

Uilliam mac Maoláin. Device. Sable, a bear and a catamount rampant addorsed between in pale an arrow fesswise reversed and an arrow fesswise argent.

Unser Hafen, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) On a portcullis vert a torch Or.

Zoraya de Navarre. Device. Purpure, a natural tiger couchant guardant Or marked sable between two sexfoils in bend sinister argent all within a bordure Or.

The flowers were originally blazoned as gardenia blossoms, but those flowers have an indefinite number of petals (anywhere from five to eleven petals). We have therefore reblazoned these as generic six-petalled flowers, or sexfoils. The classic sexfoil would show more separation between the petals.

SOCIETY FOR CREATIVE ANACHRONISM

Society for Creative Anachronism. Heraldic title Wreath Sovereign of Arms.

TRIMARIS

Alienora de Buchan. Name.

Arianna de Chateaumichel. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Arianne de Chateaumiehel, the form listed the name as Arianne de Chateaumichel. We have returned the byname to the submitted form.

No documentation was presented and none was found that Arianne was used in period. Withycombe (p. 31 s.n. Ariadne) lists Ariane as a French form of the Greek name Ariadne. When Withycombe is discussing names in languages other than English, she is usually discussing modern forms. Therefore, the citation in Withycombe is not evidence of use of Ariane as a French name in period. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the Italian form Arianna in order to register this name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 12th C French. Lacking documentation of any form of the given name used in French in period, this name is not authentic for her desired time and language/culture.

Richard of Wyvernwood. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name and device). Vert, an Oriental dragon tergiant embowed-counterembowed within a bordure argent.

Submitted under the name Yang Mun.

There is one CD between a winged dragon and a wingless dragon, including Oriental dragons. This clears a number of possible conflicts. An Oriental dragon in this posture is a weirdness, as it combines a monster not found in period heraldry with a posture not found for similar monsters in period heraldry. Such a combination is well beyond period practice. A wingless dragon in a standard heraldic posture would not be a weirdness.

WEST

Adriana Tacita. Name and device. Per pale purpure and Or, two oars counterchanged.

Agnarr Þorvaldsson. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Agnarr Thorvaldsson, this name was submitted as Agnar Thorvald and changed at kingdom because the submitter requested authenticity for "Viking Age time period". To meet his request for authenticity, we have modified the byname to a form appropriate for that time and culture.

Alail Horsefriend. Badge. (Fieldless) A horse rampant contourny argent.

Celestina Ambrosini. Name and device. Purpure, a decrescent and on a chief wavy argent three mullets of six points purpure.

The miniature emblazon on the LoI had mullets of eight points, rather than of six points as in the LoI blazon and on the submitter's form. The number of possible pieces of armory in which the change of type of tertiary charges from mullets of eight points to mullets of six points might make a difference is extremely small. We have therefore checked for conflict on this limited case. Since neither the commentary mentioned a conflict nor did we find a conflict, this may be registered rather than pended.

Constance de Lancray. Name and device. Argent, a demi-sun gules issuant from a ford proper.

There was some question regarding whether de Lancray was a plausible construction. Orle found that "Morlet [Dictionnaire étymologique de noms de famille] s.n. Lancret gives it as a variation of Lancray (Nievre) of Montigny-sur-Canne and Lancroy from 1289." This entry also dates the form Lancret to 1689. Given this information, de Lancray is plausible.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th to 15th C French. As the College found no forms of Lancray dated to her desired time period, and found no examples of the name Constance in French in period, we were unable to make this name authentic for her desired time and culture.

Geneviève de Vendome. Name change from Geneviéve de la Mer Bleue.

Her previous name, Geneviéve de la Mer Bleue, is released.

Hauoc Bender. Name change from Hauoc of House Bender.

His previous name, Hauoc of House Bender, is released.

Penne Dering. Name.

Sorcha Fhionn inghean uí Ruairc. Name and device. Azure, a dragon passant to sinister between three compass stars Or.

This name was originally submitted as Sorcha Brigit O'Roarke and changed to the submitter's preferred alternate form at kingdom because both Sorcha and Brigit were documented as Gaelic feminine given names and two given names in Gaelic has been reason for return in the past.

The LoI stated that "[t]he submitter added the second name to avoid conflict with: Sorcha inghean ui Ruairc (Mar.99, East)". If the LoI meant that the submitter originally wished to submit Sorcha O'Roarke and added Brigit to clear a conflict with Sorcha inghean ui Ruairc, then she may wish to know that Sorcha O'Roarke is clear of Sorcha inghean ui Ruairc according to the ruling regarding Gaelic particles in the cover letter for this LoAR.

There was some confusion about the element Fhionn in the name Sorcha Fhionn inghean uí Ruairc. In this name, Fhionn is used as a descriptive byname meaning 'fair' and is used to refer to hair color or complexion.

Valentine Hawkes. Name.

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK

ÆTHELMEARC

Aleyne of Ravenswood. Name.

This name conflicts with Alanna of Ravenwood (registered June 1983). Aleyne is documented as a form of Alan. Just as Brian conflicts with Brianna (see Brian Ó Duinn, April 2000, returns for An Tir), so Alan conflicts with Alanna. Aleyne is similar enough to Alan that this form is included among those that conflict with Alanna.

Ann of Banningham. Device. Per chevron azure and sable, an aeolipile argent and in base a flame proper.

The aeolipile is a primitive steam engine, described (and possibly invented) by Hero of Alexandria in his Pneumatica, written in approximately 150 B.C. This work was translated into Italian by Aleotti in 1547, although the work became best known through a Latin translation by F. Commandine in 1575. An English translation of this work is available at http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/hero/index.html. Section 50 shows the steam engine and the translator's preface provides useful information about the history of the manuscript.

The aeolipile has a small sphere on the top. The sphere rotates due to jets of steam which issue from two bent tubes on opposite sides of the sphere. The sphere rests on a large closed basin which is heated to produce the steam. The basin is generally drawn in a form resembling a covered footed cauldron. The basin is apparently heated by a fire placed under the basin, between its feet.

In all the illustrations provided in the documentation provided with the submission, and in the excellent citations provided by Eastern Crown, the basin is larger than the sphere. In this submission, the basin is much smaller than the sphere (and would probably not generate enough steam to rotate the sphere). The basin in this emblazon is not only small, but it has an unusual shape: it is shaped like a shallow, wide trapezoid, without any supporting feet. The overall outline of the charge is therefore substantially different from those in the illustrations of the aeolipile, and it cannot be considered an acceptable emblazon of an aeolipile.

The illustrations of aeolipiles in the documentation are consistent enough that a correctly drawn aeolipile should be acceptable for registration. The exact disposition of the steam shooters on the sphere should be left to the artist rather than explicitly blazoned. The flame under the basin is not an integral part of the aeolipile charge: it is present in some illustrations and omitted in others. If present in the armory it should be explicitly blazoned, as was done in this submission.

Azer Cane. Device. Argent, three piles in point azure gules and azure.

Conflict with Cainnech MacGregare, Argent three piles palewise azure, overall a Caucasian bay centaur statant, maintaining in both hands a spear bendwise sinister proper. There is one CD for adding the overall centaur. There is no difference for changing the tincture of one-third of the group of piles. There is no difference for the change between piles and piles in point. Both are found in period, but they appear to be artistically interchangeable based on evidence from Brault's Early Blazon and Humphery-Smith's Anglo-Norman Armory II.

As an artistic note, the outside piles of three piles in point may issue somewhat from the corners of the shield, rather than entirely from chief. However, even when the outside piles issue from the corners of the chief, they are mostly issuant from the chief. The outside piles on this emblazon are mostly issuant from the sides of the shield. Please advise the submitter to draw the piles so that they issue primarily from the chief.

Ceara inghean uí Mháille. Name.

This name conflicts with Cíara ni Mhaille (registered August 1989). The difference in pronunciation of Ceara and Cíara is insufficient to clear conflict. Additionally, there is insufficient difference in pronunication between inghean uí and ni. The conflict between these particles is included in the discussion "Which Gaelic and Anglicized Particles Should Conflict?" in the Cover Letter accompanying this LoAR.

Chrestienne de Waterdene. Device. Per pale vert and sable, a stag's head erased gorged of a pearled coronet and in chief three fleurs-de-lys argent.

A beast's head gorged of a coronet or collar is treated by the SCA as having a tertiary charge. "When [considering a] creature's head gorged, however, the gorging is much more prominent in proportion --- and treated as a tertiary charge." (LoAR of September 1993). A tertiary charge needs to have good contrast with the underlying charge. This coronet is the same tincture as the underlying head, so it violates our rules for contrast. On a full-sized beast, where a collar is considered an artist's detail rather than a charge in its own right, it would be acceptable to have a no-contrast detail of this nature.

The submitter is a baroness and entitled to use the coronet.

Geoffrey of York. Name.

This name conflicts with Geoffrey Plantagenet, Archbishop of York (1151-1212), an illegitimate son of Henry II, who has his own article in the online Encyclopedia Britannica (http://www.britannia.com/bios/abofy/gplantagenet.html). He was known as Geoffrey, Archbishop of York and it is with this form that the submitted name conflicts.

His armory was registered under the holding name Geoffrey of Æthelmearc.

Jayne O'Neill. Name.

This name conflicts with Shane O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (d. 1567), who has his own entry in the online Encyclopedia Britannica. Sean and Jeanne have been ruled to be an auditory conflict:

Conflict with the registered names Sean Dalamara and Jeanne de la Mare. [Sean de la Mare, 12/99, R-An Tir]

Similarly, Jayne and Shane are insufficiently different in pronunciation.

This name does not conflict with Siobhan O'Neill (registered July 1984). Jayne is a variant of Jane, which is derived from the Old French Jehanne. Siobhan is a Gaelic name which is also derived from Jehanne. However, Jayne and Siobhan look and sound significantly different. Eoin and Ian (both forms of John) were ruled to be clear of each other in April of 1996:

[Eoin Mac Cainnigh] The name is clear of Ian MacCoinnich, registered 9/90; Eoin and Ian are significantly different in sound as well as appearance. (Eoin Mac Cainnigh, LoAR April 1996, p. 1)

Just as Eoin and Ian are clear of each other, Jayne and Siobhan are clear of each other.

AN TIR

None.

ANSTEORRA

None.

ARTEMISIA

Gruffydd ap Idwallon. Device. Ermine, a keythong rampant contourny reguardant vert and three bendlets sinister in canton sable vert and sable.

The bendlets sinister are far too enhanced to be acceptable. Overly enhanced ordinaries have been a reason for return for many years. As an example: "These bendlets are enhanced so much to chief that the style becomes unacceptably modern" (LoAR of January 1992). Scarpes enhanced should issue from most of the way across the chief, taking up most of the top half of the armory. These issue from less than halfway across the chief.

Katarina Daniilova doch' Sergeeva zhena. Device. Per bend azure and sable, a bend raguly between a tree and a horse salient argent.

Conflict with Brian de Northwode, Per bend azure and sable, a bend bretessed and in sinister chief an oak tree argent. There is only one CD for adding the horse. "By prior Laurel precedent, there is not a CD between embattled and raguly" (LoAR February 2001). This also conflicts with Gunter Brummbär von Schwarzberg, Per bend azure and sable, a bend bretessed between two bears rampant argent. There is only one CD for changing the type of the secondary charges.

Yin Mei Li. Device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, an octofoil within eight octofoils in annulo counterchanged.

This submission was blazoned on the Letter of Intent as Per bend sinister argent and azure all semy of octofoils counterchanged. The blazon term semy refers to a group of charges strewn evenly on the field. Such strewing is not always done with geometrical precision, especially when there are other charges on the field around which to strew the charges. Still, a correctly drawn semy group of charges appears to be evenly strewn about the field. The overall effect of this submission is not that of evenly strewn charges, but charges in a specific arrangement. We have therefore restored the blazon from the previous submission, which had an identical emblazon. We also uphold the previous reason for return: "Size is not the only thing that determines a primary charge. We were unable to devise a way to describe arrangement of the charges in a way that did not imply that they were a primary charge surrounded by a secondary group. Such arrangements cannot use the same type of charge" (LoAR of September 2000).

ATENVELDT

Dévora Risée de Apors. Badge. (Fieldless) A raven regardant azure.

Conflict with Reginleif Ragnarsdottir, Or chape gules, a raven azure. There is one CD for fieldlessness. There is no other difference for changing only the head posture of the raven by RfS X.4.h, which states in part: "Changes in the position of the head, for instance, are not significant".

Hawk's Rest, Shire of. Branch name and device. Or, a tower sable charged with a hawk's head erased Or environed in base with a laurel wreath vert.

No documentation was presented and none was found that Rest is a plausible toponymic element in a period English placename. The LoI stated that "[a] rest is a stopping place, or a lodging place, as for travelers or pilgrims, according to the Compact Oxford English Dictionary". Ferrule noted that the COED (p. 544) dates this use of rest to 1225. However, evidence that a word existed in English in period is not documentation that it is a plausible element in an English placename. As no member of the College could find any evidence that Rest was used as a toponymic in an English placename, it is not registerable in that use.

Rest has only been registered as a toponymic element a total of seventeen times (not including holding names based on a registered branch name). The most recent registration was of Household Stone's Rest (registered October 1998). The next most recent registration was in 1992. Therefore, the element Rest does not have the same level of popularity as elements that have been ruled SCA-compatible as toponymics in placenames, including Keep. Lacking such continuous popularity, this element is not SCA compatible.

There are two differences between the elements Keep and -crest, which are SCA compatible, and Rest, which is not. As discussed in the November 2001 LoAR (s.n. Tristan Ravencrest), there are examples of period bynames that use forms of keep and crest, including Rogerus del Crest which Bardsley (p. 216 s.n. Crest) dates to 1379, and Thomas ate Kepe which Reaney & Wilson (p. 261 s.n. Keep) date to 1327. No bynames of this form have been found using a form of rest. Also, Keep and -crest have been more popular in recent years than Rest. It is these two main factors which grant Keep and -crest the benefit of the doubt and make them SCA compatible, where Rest is not.

Ekwall (pp. 226-227) lists some placenames that include references to 'hawk' as their first element, including Hauxley, Hawkedon, Hawkhill, Hawkinge, Hawkley, Hawkridge, Hawkstone, and Hawkwell. These headers give examples of words meaning 'hawk' combined with a variety of toponymics and would provide examples of constructions that occured in period.

The appropriate designator is Shire rather than Incipient Shire, as the College does not track this status.

The device must be returned for lack of a name to which to register it. The armory had an additional problem which would not allow it to be accepted. Laurel wreaths should not be drawn with another charge between the tips of the wreath, except possibly when the charge between the tips is very thin. "[A laurel wreath and in chief a roundel] Second, the laurel wreath is not closed (or even nearly so), and if it were, there would be no room for a roundel. A properly drawn laurel wreath should not have sufficient room between its tips to place another charge"(LoAR 2/00).

ATLANTIA

Sarum Tor. Branch name.

This submission is being returned for lack of documentation of the element Sarum as a period placename element. The use of Sarum has previously been cause for return:

Unfortunately, Sarum is not the OE name for Salisbury, but rather is a ghost name. In manuscripts the Latin Saresberia was abbreviated to something that looks rather like Sa4. This was 'merely an early manifestation of the medieval scribe's habit of abbreviating such letters as ended in a horizontal stroke by means of a vertical stroke through this', but because the resulting symbol (represented here by 4) 'frequently stands for ­rum', the abbreviation has been improperly extended to Sarum (Johnson & Jenkinson, 67). The contemporary form of the name can be seen in William de Salesberie (1115) and Robert de Salisbyr' (1273). Clearly Old Sarum must then have been called something like Old Salisbury; Old Sarum seems to be an antiquary's name for the older ruins, based on a misreading of the medieval records. [Ailith of Sarum, Æthelmearc-R, 11/97]

To address this precedent, the current submission provided documentation of use of Sarum from two documents. The first is a modern translation of a document, dating to 1227, referring to the church of Salisbury. As it is a modern translation, the use of Sarum is likely a rendering of the abbreviation described above. Regardless, without seeing the original Latin form of this document, this source gives no support for the use of Sarum as a placename element in period. The second source included in the documentation for this submission is an article on the Sarum Rite from an online Catholic Encyclopedia. This article is a modern description of a period rite. However, there is no indication of when the term Sarum Rite (also known as Sarum Use) came into use. As official documents of the Catholic Church in period were nearly exclusively in Latin, Sarum in this instance, is likely again a misinterpretation of an abbreviation for Salisbury as it derives its name from the bishop of Salisbury who organized it. Additionally, the LoI stated, "[t]here is also the Sarum Rite or Verse of Sarum, a variant of the Roman Catholic litergy[sic], mentioned in the OED with a date of 1570." This information supports Sarum Rite as an independent ecclesiastical term as of 1570. However, this is still not support for the use of Sarum in a placename.

The crux of the problem is the derivation of Sarum. First there existed a place named Salisbury. That placename was abbreviated in documents. At some point, the abbreviation was erroneously expanded to Sarum. Therefore, Sarum is effectively a backformation; the element Sarum was not used as an element when the placename was created. Given the OED citation, the word Sarum existed by late period. However, no evidence has been found that a new place would have been named using this erroneous expansion rather than the original name of Salisbury, which was still dominant.

Lacking evidence of Sarum actually used in a placename in period (rather than as an erroneous interpretation of an abbreviation), it is not registerable.

Additionally, this branch name was submitted without a designator. A designator such as Shire, Canton, Barony, et cetera, is required for registration.

Siegfried McClure. Device. Azure, a hunting horn argent.

Conflict with a badge of Æthelmearc for the Order of the White Horn, (Fieldless) a hunting horn argent (registered March 2002). There is one CD for fieldlessness but no other difference. The hunting horn in this submission is drawn without the traditional string. The tincture and exact disposition of the string of a hunting horn appear to be artistic license in period, so without documentation to the contrary, we assume that the presence or absence of the string is similarly artistic license.

Siegfried McClure. Badge. (Fieldless) A hunting horn argent.

Conflict with a badge of Æthelmearc for the Order of the White Horn, (Fieldless) a hunting horn argent (registered March 2002). There is one CD for fieldlessness but no other difference. The hunting horn in this submission is drawn without the traditional string. The tincture and exact disposition of the string of a hunting horn appear to be artistic license in period, so without documentation to the contrary, we assume that the presence or absence of the string is similarly artistic license.

CAID

Calista Cristi. Device. Azure ermined argent, an eagle displayed head to sinister argent maintaining a sword fesswise Or and a mountain argent.

Conflict with Mikial Aldrich, Sable an owl displayed and a point pointed argent. There is one CD for changing the field. "By current precedent, there is not a CD between an owl displayed and an eagle displayed" (LoAR of March 2001; see also the Cover Letter for the January 2000 LoAR for more discussion about this ruling). There is no difference for adding the small maintained charge. This leaves the difference between the point pointed and the mountain. This mountain is drawn with some rough spots to its outline, but its outline is too similar to that of a point pointed to grant difference.

Darchester, Shire of. Branch name and device. Sable, a hunting horn within a laurel wreath Or.

This name is an auditory conflict with Dorchester, a market town and municipal borough and the county town of Dorsetshire, England. As Dorchester has its own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica, it is protected. Since designators (Shire of in this case) are transparent for conflict purposes, the only difference between Dorchester and Darchester is in the initial vowel and does not give enough difference in pronunciation between these two names.

The return of the branch name requires the return of the device. Holding names may not be formed for branches.

Elisabetta Malipiero. Device. Gules, two winged lions statant respectant Or.

The lions need to be redrawn. They have small stub tails rather than the heraldic lion's distinctive long tufted tail, and their necks are disproportionately long. Most of the viewers at the Wreath meeting originally thought the charges were some sort of long necked herbivore, such as a llama. The wings are much smaller than the usual wings added to a winged quadruped, which should be roughly one-third to one-half the size of the charge. Winged charges generally show some space between the wing and the neck of the animal, which is not present in this emblazon. When the wings are conjoined to the neck, it confuses the outline of the charge and thus further diminishes the charge's identifiability.

If these are clearly drawn as winged lions, with wings which are roughly one-third to one-half the size of the charge, this will not conflict with some possible conflicts called in the course of commentary. Versus Aquitaine and the Dukes of Guyenne (important non-SCA arms), Gules, a lion passant gardant Or, there will be one CD for changing the number of lions and another for adding wings. Versus Anjou-Plantagenet (important non-SCA arms), Gules, two lions combattant Or, there will be one CD for changing the posture of the lions from statant to rampant and another for adding the wings.

Please also inform the submitter that if the lions are supposed to be passant one of the forefeet should be significantly elevated. Since all four feet are effectively on the "ground", this has been blazoned as statant.

Finnguala ingen uí Medra. Device. Per pale purpure and argent, a pile inverted throughout counterchanged.

Conflict with Brandubh Ó Donnghaile, Per pale argent and sable chapé ployé counterchanged. Finnguala's arms could as easily be blazoned as Per pale argent and purpure chapé counterchanged. Because "you cannot 'blazon your way out of' a conflict" (LoAR of February 2000), these two pieces of armory must both be compared as pile inverted throughout armory, and as per pale and chapé (ployé) armory. As per pale and chapé armory these conflict. There is one CD for changing the tincture of the field, but not "complete change of tincture" by RfS X.4.a.ii.b, since both fields share the tincture argent in common.

There is not a second CD for changing chapé ployé to chapé. The family of Masbach/Muesbach is found at the end of the 14th C in the Armorial Bellenville (see the Léon Jéquier edition) and the armorial Gelre (see the Adam-Even edition), using Per pale and chapé gules and argent or Per pale and chapé argent and gules. In 1605 the same family's arms are found in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch as Per pale and chapé ployé gules and argent. General SCA precedent has held that an enarched or ployé line is often an artistic variant of a straight line in which the curvature of the line is used to imply curvature of the shield. One recent precedent regarding "chevron-like" objects or lines of partition ployé did not give difference between straight and ployé:

[a chevron ployé vs. a chevron] Conflict ... there is only a single CD for the type of the secondary charges. [implying no CD for ployé vs. plain] (LoAR 4/00)

Based on the Masbach armory, it appears that chapé ployé should prove no exception to the general policy by which ployé is given no difference from plain lines. We thus overturn the following precedent:

[returning chapé ploye engrailed] While it is true that lines [of division] could be enarched and also embattled, engrailed, etc., the enarching was basically to show the curvature of the shield. We do not believe that such is the case of a chapé ployé. (LoAR 6/97 p. 12)

Ghislaine d'Auxerre. Badge. (Fieldless) A pantheon's head erased azure semy of compass stars argent, gorged of a coronet of trefoils and pearls Or.

This submission was pended on the September 2001 LoAR for discussion of whether this sort of coronet should be reserved for any particular rank in the SCA. As a general administrative policy decision concerning reserved charges, the final decision on this matter is Laurel's, not Wreath's. Wreath does support the decision. The submitter is a baroness but is not a royal peer.

The idea that a coronet used in armory (as opposed to an external portion of an achievement) indicates the rank of its owner owes little or nothing to period practice. Woodward's discussion in A Treatise on Heraldry British and Foreign pp. 379-380 mentions a number of families using crowns. While some of these families use crowns in token of some royal association or appointment, others use the crowns to cant, or have no clear rationale for using crowns. There is no association between the type of crown used and the family using the crown. Some of the non-royal arms Woodward mentions as using crowns can be found in period sources: the canting Landskron (from Cologne) in the late 14th C Armorial Bellenville, using an imperial coronet, and Grant (from Scotland), in the 16th C roll of David Lindsay of the Mount, using a crown of demi-fleurs-de-lys or pointed trefoils (it is hard to tell in the artwork). Because our SCA practice of reserved coronets in armory lacks period equivalents, SCA customs and perceptions have more weight in this decision than they would in most College of Arms decisions.

Research into coronets of rank from period sources is difficult because there were no designated heraldic coronets of rank for most of our period. Pastoureau states that crowns in an achievement (atop the helmet and at the base of the crest) are simple decorative elements, not insignia of rank, throughout the Middle Ages. It is not until the 16th C that coronets begin to be reserved for certain categories of people (Traité d'Héraldique, p. 210). Baron Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme has done further research in armorial manuscripts and period funerary monuments specifically concerning ducal coronets. His findings are consistent with Pastoureau's generalization, although he notes that one can find funerary monuments for dukes using what has become a ducal coronet in the latter part of the 15th C.

The Glossary of Terms section on reserved charges does not address this issue well: it is somewhat behind the times (oops) and states that a crown/coronet is reserved to "Kingdom/Principality armory; personal armory of Society royal peers". Use of coronets was extended in the LoAR of May 1999, where Laurel stated that a "court baron/ess may use a coronet in their arms, so long as it does not use the embattlements of county rank, or the strawberry leaves of ducal rank". This coronet clearly does not use the embattlements of county rank. The question therefore is whether it uses the strawberry leaves of ducal rank.

Neither precedent nor the Armorial and Ordinary are completely clear about the reserved regalia for dukes and duchesses. Is the regalia a coronet using exclusively strawberry leaves or a coronet using any strawberry leaves? The regalia registered in the Armorial and Ordinary for dukes and duchesses is, (Tinctureless) A coronet with strawberry leaves. The strict interpretation of both the May 1999 ruling on coronets for barons and the regalia registration, and the consensus of the College of Arms, is that any strawberry leaves on a coronet will indicate ducal rank in SCA armory. There is some period support for this interpretation as well. The 16th C roll of David Lindsay of the Mount gives different types of coronets in the achievements of royalty, dukes and earls, and the ducal coronets alternate strawberry leaves with pearls on points.

This leaves the question of whether the trefoils on the coronet in this submission should be considered equivalent to strawberry leaves. Strawberry leaves found on ducal coronets in period did not always resemble the natural, serrated-edged, strawberry leaf. They were drawn in a variety of trefoil-like shapes, including a trefoil with smooth-edged pointed foils.

The trefoils in this submission are not exactly the same as any of those in the documented period ducal coronets. These trefoils have smooth-edged round foils without points, like the club card suit. Evidence was presented indicating that coronets with similar round-foil trefoils were used in artwork as "generic" crowns for during the time immediately predating the establishment of coronets of rank. One can find 14th and early 15th C illuminations showing sovereigns, dukes, princes and unspecified legendary nobility all wearing crowns with round-foiled trefoils at the end of some of the points. It is not clear whether such crowns continued to be "generic" in artwork of our period after the idea of coronets of rank became established.

However, when considering crowns, it is difficult to draw strong conclusions about heraldic practices from period non-heraldic artwork. Period practices for artwork, apparel and heraldry do not parallel each other closely. In artwork, crowns are generally used to illustrate high-ranking people and are mostly used to illustrate royalty. In period clothing, crowns and coronets were also worn by the lesser nobility and by wealthy commoners, although sumptuary laws were then passed to keep the commoners from wearing coronets (Lightbown, Medieval European Jewellery, chapter 13). In heraldry, as noted above, crowns could be found in the arms of a wide range of people, and types of crown were not distinct in achievements until the 16th C.

Regardless of whether or not there was some distinction drawn in the 16th C between ducal coronets with pointed-foil trefoils and the previously "generic" coronet with round-foil trefoils, this change is not visually sufficient to avoid the appearance of ducal status in the SCA. We have precedent indicating that such presumption is determined based on visual similarity to the reserved charge:

The quadruple mount overwhelmingly resembles a crown, and the submitter is not entitled to display one on her arms. (Laurel had been inclined to allow the charge, but at the Laurel meeting where it was viewed, my staff, who had not seen the LoI, immediately started looking for evidence of her entitlement to use a crown, since they all thought it was one until the blazon was read. This served to change our mind.). The submitter is correct in stating that it is a period charge. However, that is not relevant in matters of presumption. (LoAR 5/99)

The commentary from the College showed a strong consensus that this form of coronet visually appeared to use strawberry leaves. By the May 1999 precedent on quadruple mounts, it must therefore be treated as a ducal coronet, and reserved for the use of dukes and duchesses. As the submitter does not hold this rank, she may not register this form of coronet.

Helga Iden dohtir. Device. Per fess engrailed azure and vert, in chief a natural dolphin argent.

The engrailed line of division is drawn well with five engrailings of a reasonable depth, and is not obscured by other elements of the armory. The line is identifiable enough to accept even though azure and vert have some of the poorest contrast of any two-color combination.

However, this conflicts with Anton de Winton, Per chevron azure, and Or scaly sable, in chief a herring naiant embowed argent. There is one CD for changing the field. There is no difference for changing the type of fish. A natural dolphin is not apparently a period heraldic charge, and thus its difference from other charges must be determined on visual grounds under RfS X.4.e. Comparing this dolphin with Anton's herring, the outlines of the two charges are very similar. They both have slightly forked tails (it is impossible to tell whether the tail is supposed to have horizontal or vertical flukes without resorting to internal details, and Anton's dolphin lacks these). Both creatures have a dorsal fin and a forefin. The "beak" or "bottle-nose" on a natural dolphin helps identify it as a natural dolphin, but is not a sufficient outline difference to give a CD from a herring.

Note that this ruling does not revoke the many rulings that grant no difference between a heraldic and a natural dolphin. Given the well established trends towards naturalism in Renaissance art and Renaissance heraldic art, it is possible that a natural dolphin might have been used as an artist's variant of a heraldic dolphin. Without evidence for natural dolphins in period heraldry, the natural dolphin will conflict both with heraldic dolphins and with standard-outlined fish, like herring.

Jacomus Wyndswift. Device. Sable, a trident's head inverted and on a chief invected argent a crescent sable.

The chief is drawn with four invections, which is an acceptable number. However, the invections are much too shallow to be acceptable. Good invections are close to semicircles, about twice as wide as they are deep. These are so shallow that the line of division is not identifiable at any distance.

Ryuusaki Raiden. Name.

This name has a number of problems that are all reasons for return.

The surname Ryuusaki was submitted as a constructed surname intended to mean 'future dragon'. No documentation was presented and none was found that such a meaning is plausible in a Japanese surname. No documentation was presented that any Kanji with the transliteration saki is used to mean 'future'. The only Kanji character documented as being pronounced as saki was documented as meaning 'slope'. No documentation was presented that 'dragon slope' is a reasonable Japanese surname, either.

Additionally, the Kanji used to construct Ryuusaki mix Chinese and Japanese pronunciations in the same word, which was not done in period and is cause for return.

The nanori Raiden was documented from P. G. O'Neill's Japanese Names. However, no photocopies were provided from this source, and O'Neill is not on the "No Photocopy" list. As the College was unable to document this name element to period, it is being returned for lack of documentation.

Seraphina Sacheverell. Device. Per pale and per chevron gules, Or, sable, and argent, three crosses of Jerusalem counterchanged argent and sable.

No documentation has been presented, and none was found, for per pale and per chevron of four tinctures. A prior ruling noted that "No evidence has been provided for simple coats with fields quarterly of three tinctures in period" (LoAR November 1989). This was not clearly the sole reason for return of the armory engendering the ruling but it contributed to the return. This field is even farther from standard period practice, as per pale and per chevron is far less common in period than quarterly. Without documentation for a similar field in period, combined with charges, this may not be accepted.

CALONTIR

Alcyoneus de Battenhelm. Name.

This name is being returned for lack of documentation of both the given name and the byname.

Alcyoneus was documented as a character from Plutarch. However, as Metron Ariston points out, this name may well be metaphorical:

For one thing, both Latin and the Greek forms of the word means pertaining to Alcyon or the halcyon bird. It is documented from the Greek classical and Hellenistic literature as the name of a giant who was immortal when in his native land and who was slain by Hercules. (Thus he was not only non-mortal but immortal unlike most Greek giants!) As noted in the documentation Plutarch is a Greek author and wrote in Greek so the standard transliteration of the adjective would be either Alcuonios or Alcyonios. Moreover, Plutarch frequently uses metaphorical names for his supernumerary characters in the parable sections of his narratives so the use of the name derived from Alcyon is not really convincing, failing outside evidence of his existence, which I was unable to find. The actual name of the author of The Fall of Troy in Latin sources is Quintus Smyrnaeus or Quintus of Smyrna and he too originally wrote in Greek in the fourth century A.D. The context of the section quoted by Saker is important. He appears in a single instance in the context of a list of the companions of Memnon, son of the Dawn, many of whom are themselves also of distinctly mythological character. And the final citation for Pierre Alcyonius [a Renaissance humanist] is reasonable evidence for assumption of a classicizing surname but is no evidence at all for its use as a given name.

As a metaphorical name, this name is not registerable according to the guidelines for registration of literary names outlined in the Cover Letter for the February 1999 LoAR. A metaphorical name falls in the same category as an allegorical name. Lacking documentation that they were used as the name of a real person, they are not registerable. Metron Ariston found one alternative that the submitter may wish to consider. She found a "Latinized Germanic name Alcuinus which Morlet (Les noms de personne, I, 28b) documents in that spelling and others from the seventh to the eleventh century."

Regarding the byname de Battenhelm, the LoI stated:

while the client would prefer "du" Battenhelm, "du" is basically a French abbreviation and Battenhelm is not French. There have been three registrations of "de" Battenhelm to members of the household the client belongs to. These are: Margarite Isabeau de Battenhelm 8/83, Erlichin de Battenhelm 7/84 and Frances de Battenhelm 7/84. As he belongs to this household, he wishes to use their byname.

Name elements are only grandfathered to members of a person's immediate family (parent, sibling, child, spouse). These relationships are limited to legal relationships, not household "family" relationships. As no documentation has been provided that the submitter is legally related to Margarite, Erlichin, or Frances, he cannot claim use of de Battenhelm via the Grandfather Clause. As no documentation has been provided and none was found that any form of Battenhelm is a plausible period byname, it is not registerable.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Park of Vatavia.

Bjarki Einarson. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 8th C "Vendel", and allowed no changes. All of the elements of this name were documented as Old Norse. Einarsson, not Einarson, is the correct patronymic form of the Old Norse name Einarr. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to correct the byname to be authentic for Old Norse. As Sveriges medeltida personnamn (vol. 5, s.n. Enar) dates Thorgyl Enarson to 1439 and Einar Suenson to 1435, Einarson is plausible for Swedish in the 1430s. The byname went through some evolution over the years. Examples in this entry show that that a double 's' form, such as Einarsson, would exist before that point, and En- forms, such as Enarson, would exist after that point. Given the linguistic relationship between Old Norse and Swedish, a name mixing these two languages is registerable, though it is a weirdness (similar to mixing Old English and Middle English in a name). Therefore, the submitted name has one weirdness for combining Old Norse and Swedish. As documentation for Bjarki was only found in Old Norse (c. 800-c. 1100), and Einarson is only plausible for the 1430s, this name has a temporal disparity of over 300 years, which is a second weirdness, and so is cause for return.

Bridget Fleming. Device. Argent, a chevron between three columbines purpure.

Conflict with Rhonwen Euelchyld, Argent, a chevron between three frogs tergiant purpure. There is only one CD for changing the type of the secondary charges.

Einarr Aldrhund. Name.

Aldrhund was submitted as being constructed from the protheme ald 'old' and the deuterotheme hund 'hound'. The College found evidence that such a construction is not only plausible but existed. Metron Ariston found the following support for Aldhund:

Selten (The Anglo-Saxon Heritage in Middle English Personal Names, II, pp. 75) says of Ealdhun/Aldhun This name is well evidenced in Old English, though apparently rare after that period. He also notes one Henricus Aldun de Bukeham from 1250.

No documentation was found to support the 'r' in the submitted Aldrhund. As the submitter allowed no changes, we were unable to drop this letter in order to register the name.

Halla Gulliagra. Name.

The byname Gulliagra was documented as being constructed from gulli, meaning 'gold, golden', and agrai, meaning 'fair'. No documentation was provided for either of these elements, though Gull- was found in Geirr Bassi (p. 22) as a descriptive element that is prepended to the given name. Coincidently, another submission ruled on in this LoAR also referred to Gulli; specifically, Gulli was documented as dated to 1325 in Lind's Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn (p. 400). Metron Ariston summarizes the information in this entry:

Close examination of the entry for Gulli in Lind indicates that it is [...] a byname meaning gold. Both the examples use it as a byname rather than a patronymic and it is specifically associated with the adjective gull meaning gold. This byname, frequently prefixive, as it also appears in Lind, is given as well in Geirr Bassi (The Old Norse Name, p. 22).

In addition to the undocumented element agrai, no documentation was found that a descriptive byname combining 'gold, golden' and 'fair' is plausible in Old Norse. Lacking such documentation, this name is not registerable.

Kenrick Dryden. Device. Per fess embattled argent and sable masoned argent, in chief a ram's head cabossed sable.

Conflict with Riordan Robert MacGregor, Quarterly purpure and argent, a ram's head caboshed sable armed Or. There is one CD for changing the field. There is nothing for changing the placement of the head on the field because it is forced by the field tincture. The horns are less than half the ram's head charge and therefore changing their tincture is also not worth difference.

Loch Meadhonach, Shire of. Device. Azure, five plates in annulo within a laurel wreath and a chief embattled Or.

There was no petition of support for the armory and it must be returned.

Vaska McCormick. Name.

Vaska was submitted under the Legal Name Allowance. However, since no documentation was provided (such as a photocopy of a driver's license, et cetera) that Vaska is the submitter's legal name, it is not registerable under the Legal Name Allowance. Since Wickenden (3rd ed., p. 387 s.n. Vasilii) dates Vaska Nozdria to c. 1495, Vaska is registerable as a Russian masculine given name.

Therefore, this name combines a Russian masculine given name with a Scots byname. Mixing Russian and Scots in a name has previously been ruled unregisterable:

There was sufficient contact between England and Russia to allow mixed names under our rules. There was no such contact between Scotland and Russia, but we have seen documentation that MacNeill appears as a surname in England as well. Note, however, that mixed Scots / Russian names are not acceptable, barring new evidence. [Nastasiia MacNeill, 09/00, A-Caid]

As no evidence has been found that McCormick was used in English in addition to Scots (and Anglicized Irish), this combination is not registerable. Documentation that the submitter is entitled to use the Legal Name Allowance would not resolve this problem since names which contain elements used via the Legal Name Allowance are not registerable if the combination of the elements are excessively obtrusive:

While we allow real-world name elements in SCA names without further documentation, this is restricted to cases where "such elements are not excessively obtrusive." Combining a Gaelic Irish given name with what appears to be a non-European surname falls afoul of this restriction. [Ciarmhac Sayenga, 07/00, R-Æthelmearc]

[...] Combining an English given name with a Hindi byname is no less obtrusive. [Margaret Singh, 02/01, R-Outlands]

Combining a Russian given name with a Scots byname is no less obtrusive and so would be returned.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Vaska of Westumbria.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EAST

Arthur de Beaumont. Device. Argent, within a cross moline disjointed vert nine roses in cross gules seeded Or.

Crosses moline disjointed have unmistakably forked and curled ends, like the ends of a millrind or a regular cross moline. These curled ends are not apparent on this emblazon. This must be returned for redrawing of the cross moline disjointed.

The SCA allows crosses of all sorts to be charged, and a cross moline disjointed should be no exception. It should be noted that when charges are put on a cross moline disjointed, they obscure the identifiability of the cross somewhat; the tertiary charges contribute to greater visual separation and disassociation of the already separated parts of the cross. Special care should be taken with the artwork to preserve identifiability of all elements of the armory.

Cecilia Attewode. Device. Azure, an oak tree blasted and couped argent.

Conflict with the Midrealm badge for the Order of the Silver Oak, Purpure, an oak tree blasted and eradicated argent, fructed Or. There is one CD for changing the field. There is no difference for changing eradicated to couped, and no difference for adding fructing to a tree.

Eoin mac Neill mhic Lochlainn. Device. Per pale and per chevron inverted vert and azure, in fess two leeches palewise embowed counter embowed respectant argent.

The field has unacceptable contrast. By RfS VIII.2.b.iii and VIII.2.b.iv, the only fields which are divided into four parts and which are acceptable with two low-contrast tinctures are quarterly and per saltire.

In addition, the charges are not identifiable, which is in itself a reason for return. To be identifiable, a creature must be drawn in a period heraldic stylization or drawn so that it is clearly identifiable as the natural animal. In this case, no documentation has been presented, and none was found, for either slugs or leeches in period armory, so until documentation for a period heraldic stylization has been found, they must be drawn like some sort of natural animal. The animals in this submission have antennae, which a leech does not have, so they are not clearly identifiable as leeches. A slug has antennae, but these animals are not clearly identifiable as slugs, as they have no other identifying factors of a slug, such as the slug's "mantle" (near its head).

LOCHAC

Dafydd ap Iorwerth ap Rhodri de dena. Device. Per bend sinister sable and vert.

Conflict with Marguerite Lofftus, Per bend sinister sable and gyronny from the line of division Or and vert. This is not clear by RfS X.4.a.ii(a), Substantial Change of Partition, as both fields are divided per bend sinister. This is analogous to the example in the rule which states "Barry and per pale argent and vert... has only a clear difference from Bendy and per pale argent and vert."

This must therefore be considered under RfS X.4.a.ii(c), which states "In any case, independent changes to the tincture, direction of partition lines, style of partition lines, or number of pieces in the partition may be counted separately when comparing two pieces of field-primary armory." We have one of the necessary changes, for changing the partition lines, because the bottom half of Marguerite's field is gyronny. However, there is no additional difference for tincture change since only one-fourth of the field has changed tincture. RfS X.4.a only allows difference for tincture "if the tincture of at least half the field is changed".

Laufey rauðrefr. Name.

The only documentation found for Laufey was as the name of the non-human mother of the Norse god Loki. Lacking documentation of Laufey used by humans in period, it is not registerable.

The closest name to Laufey that the College was able to find was Ljúfa which is listed on p. 13 of Geirr Bassi. As the submitter did not allow major changes, we were unable to change the given name to a different name in order to register this name.

MERIDIES

Cairistiona inghean mhic Cárthaigh. Name.

This name conflicts with Christina McCarty (registered February 1998). There is insufficient difference in sound between the two names. Cairistiona is pronounced approximately \kar-ih-STYEE-n@\, where \Y\ is a consonantal sound of 'y' and \@\ indicates the sound of 'a' in "soda" and "about". The first syllable should sound like "car", not "care" (from the Academy of Saint Gabriel client letter #2401, http://www.s-gabriel.org/2401). This pronunciation is insufficiently different from the normal English pronunciation of Christina. Additionally, there is insufficient difference in pronunication between inghean mhic and Mc-. The conflict between these particles is included in the discussion "Which Gaelic and Anglicized Particles Should Conflict?" in the Cover Letter accompanying this LoAR.

The submitter requested authenticity for '1450 Scottish Gaelic'. There are few Scottish Gaelic documents from period that still survive today. Some parallels can be drawn using Irish Gaelic, but the two languages diverged towards the end of period. The LoI stated that the submitter had originally wished to submit a byname that meant 'blonde', but found that Caristiona Bhan had already been registered. The byname Bán (which lenites to Bhán in a woman's byname) refers specifically to the color 'white/fair' and was used to indicate hair color. If the submitter is looking for the word that indicates a truly yellow color (as opposed to a yellow color that is so light that it's almost white), then she is looking for Buidhe (which lenites to Bhuidhe in a woman's byname). By 1450 in Irish Gaelic (and likely in Scottish Gaelic as well), even if a woman had a descriptive byname, her name was recorded in forms that included her patronymic byname as well. Therefore, Cairistiona Bhán inghean mhic Cárthaigh and Cairistiona Bhuidhe inghean mhic Cárthaigh are forms of this name that add a descriptive byname indicating 'blonde' to the currently submitted name.

Note: the feminine form of this byname is inghean mhic Cárthaigh; the 'C' in Cárthaigh does not lenite in this case because the previous word (mhic) ends in a 'c'.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Cairistiona of An Dun Theine.

MIDDLE

Ambra Biancospina. Name and device. Azure, a bend sinister between an owl close affronty and a goblet argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Italian and allowed any changes. Biancospina was documented from a modern Italian-English dictionary as a word meaning 'hawthorn'. No documentation was presented and none was found that Biancospina is a period word. Fucilla (pp. 86-91) lists many surnames derived from fruit and forest trees, but hawthorn is not included in this list. Fucilla (p. 92) gives Cerasoli as being derived from the English hawthorn and notes (under footnote 203) that the name more commonly derives from 'heliotrope, sunflower'. However, Fucilla may have misidentified the meaning of this name, since multiple sources (both dictionaries and name resources) give cerasoli as deriving from ciliegio, which means 'cherry'.

Lacking evidence that Biancospina is a period word, it is not registerable as a hypothesized byname. Since Biancospina is listed neither in De Felice (Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani) nor in Fucilla, we can't give it the benefit of the doubt that we give to undated names from those sources on a case by case basis.

The device conflicts with Gwendwyn the Silent, Azure, a bend sinister between a winged unicorn countersalient and a batwinged manticore couchant argent and with Rhiannon of Berra, Azure, a bend sinister between a unicorn couchant reguardant contourny and another couchant reguardant argent. In each case there is but a single CD, for the change in type of the secondary charges. There is no other difference for changing posture. A goblet can neither face dexter, sinister, nor be affronty. An owl affronty has been ruled to be equivalent to an owl close (and thus therefore, also to an owl close and contourny): "The 'blobbiness' of the owl's body, and the fact that the owl is guardant in all cases, leads me to conclude that there is no visual difference for turning the owl's body affronty" (LoAR of October 1992). Therefore there is no meaningful posture difference for turning the charges in chief (which are contourny) to this owl affronty, as the owl affronty is equivalent to an owl contourny.

Grecia de Caunteton. Device. Or, three panthers rampant guardant azure spotted argent incensed gules.

Conflict with Alrick von Baeker, Or, a panther passant bendwise azure. There is one CD for the change to the number of charges. There is no difference between a panther rampant and panther passant bendwise. There is no difference for adding spots to a panther: "The spots of panther are part of its tincture, so there is only a CD for [a different change to the armory]" (LoAR of October 1999).

Gulli av Grendelag. Name and device. Argent, a rat rampant sable.

Gulli was documented as dated to 1325 in Lind's Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn (p. 400). However, it does not appear in that entry as a given name. Metron Ariston summarizes this issue:

Close examination of the entry for Gulli in Lind indicates that it is not in fact a given name but a byname meaning gold. Both the examples use it as a byname rather than a patronymic and it is specifically associated with the adjective gull meaning gold. This byname, frequently prefixive, as it also appears in Lind, is given as well in Geirr Bassi (The Old Norse Name, p. 22).

Lacking documentation that Gulli was used as a given name, it is not registerable as a given name.

Grendelag was documented as meaning "a neighborhood or group of farms" according to Einar Haugen, Norwegian-English Dictionary, p. 161. No documentation was presented that Grendelag is a period term or even that a byname with this meaning is plausible in period Norwegian. Lacking support for av Grendelag as a plausible byname in period, it is not registerable.

The device conflicts with Ommadonn an Luch, Argent, semy of shamrocks vert, a mouse rampant sable maintaining an Irish harp Or stringed vert. Ommadonn's device has been reblazoned elsewhere in this LoAR to clarify the tincture of the mouse (which was originally blazoned as proper) and the size of the harp being played. There is one CD for removing the shamrocks, but nothing for removing the harp, which is an insignificant maintained charge.

Valla-Lúta Kolladóttir. Name and device. Azure, a garb between three crosses bottony argent.

The submission was withdrawn by kingdom in January 2002.

Yehuda ben Maimon. Device. Per pale Or and gules, a roundel counterchanged.

Conflict with Vincenzo di Palermo, Per pale Or and gules, a sword bendwise sinister surmounted by a roundel both per pale gules and Or. Because the sword and the roundel are the same tinctures, the only way to tell which charge surmounts the other is to look at the fine internal detail lines. Vincenzo's arms are thus heraldically equivalent to Per pale Or and gules a roundel surmounted by a sword both per pale gules and Or. This armory therefore only has one CD from Vincenzo's for removing the sword, by RfS X.4.c.

OUTLANDS

Katherine Linnet Holford. Badge. Sable, a Catherine wheel argent charged with a capital letter A gules.

As drawn, the letter A lies almost completely on the field because of the spaces between the spokes of the wheel. It therefore needs to have good contrast with the field, and it does not.

SOCIETY FOR CREATIVE ANACHRONISM

None.

TRIMARIS

Yang Mun. Name and device. Per pall inverted arrondy azure, gules, and Or, an Oriental dragon tergiant embowed counter-embowed argent.

There are two issues with this name submission that are cause for return.

The documentation submitted for the name elements was written in Korean. On that page, handwritten on the photocopy were the words "Yang" and "Mun" and arrows pointing to the characters in question. Previous precedent requires that translations for non-English documentation be included with the documentation:

The first element of the "name" the submitter cites appears to be volni, "free, independent", not a given name. This situation helps to dramatize one of the major reasons we require that all documentation in another language be translated into English. [12a/93, p.20]

In this case, the translation provided was inadequate to know what the documentation said about "Yang" and "Mun". Many factors come into play when determining if a name element is registerable. This documentation may well state that both elements of this name were used by humans in period. However, without a translation of the context in which "Yang" and "Mun" are discussed, we are unable to even know if these words are used as name elements. Lacking a translation, this documentation is not sufficient to support the submission.

However, there is a bigger issue. No documentation was presented and none was found that Korea had significant contact with pre-17th C Western culture. Such documentation is necessary in order to be able to register a Korean name. Lack of such documentation has been cause for return in the past:

More important, significant interaction between Tibet and pre-seventeenth century Western culture has not been demonstrated. The Encyclopædia Britannica dates the first visits to Tibet by Western missionaries to the 17th century, and the fact that the 8th century Tibetan kingdom had some contact with the Arab conquerors of Iran still leaves Tibetans at least two removes from Western Europe. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 16)

The field of this device was blazoned on the LoI as per pall inverted arrondi. A per pall inverted arrondy field shows a basic per pall inverted field (which looks like an inverted Y) where each arm of the Y is embowed. This field is a much tighter spiral of three colors. No evidence was presented, and none was found, for this design in period heraldry. We can find this design in Walter Leonhard's Das Grosse Buch der Wappenkunst, which describes both modern and period German heraldry. That book blazons this design as dreifacher schneckenschnitt, namely, schnecke cut into three pieces, but there is no date provided for this design. The closest we can find to this design in period heraldry is on f. 37 of Siebmacher, as the first and fourth quarters of Fridesheim, but it is much less of a spiral. Leonhard blazons Fridesheim's division differently than the example in this submission: he calls it schneckendeichsel. Without evidence for this design in period it may not be registered.

No evidence was presented, and none was found, for schnecke (or triply parted schnecke type fields) with a large charge overlying the center of the field. Because such an overlying charge obscures the already unusual underlying charge, unless documentation is presented it will be considered, at best, a weirdness.

His badge has been registered under the holding name Richard of Wyvernwood.

WEST

None.

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE OCTOBER 2002 LAUREL MEETING

CAID

Cassandra o'r waun. Device. Per pale argent and purpure, three butterflies and on a chief three annulets counterchanged.

While the blazon did indicate that the annulets were on a chief, the mini-emblazon on the letter of intent did not show the line of the chief. Most commenters therefore thought that this was three annulets in chief, rather than three annulets on a chief. This therefore must be pended for further research.

LOCHAC

Collette de Harcourt. Device. Argent, on a fess sable between three cinquefoils azure pierced Or a horse courant argent.

The fess was blazoned as vert on the Letter of Intent but it is sable on the form. This needs to be pended for more research.

Created at 2002-07-18T22:20:56