ACCEPTANCES

ĆTHELMEARC

Adrian MacLachlan. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, an Oriental dragon rampant and a bordure dovetailed counterchanged.

The submitter requested authenticity for Lowland Scots. Examples of Adrian were found in England in period. Lacking evidence that the name Adrian was used in Scotland in period, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested culture.

Ćthelmearc, Kingdom of. Order name The Order of the Silver Alce.

While we have no documentation that Silver would have been used as an adjective in an order name in period, it has been ruled SCA-compatible for use in order and award names in a position where Golden would be appropriate (see the ruling for Award of the Silver Osprey registered by Atlantia in the May 2003 LoAR).

Benedict Fergus atte Mede. Name.
 
Ethan Stewart. Name and device. Per saltire purpure and vert, in pale two moose's heads couped contourny argent.

Ethan was documented as "a biblical name, [...] found in I Kings 4:31 as well as the 89th Psalm." There was some question regarding the registerability of Ethan as a late period English name since no evidence could be found that Ethan was one of the Biblical names that came into use in England after the Reformation. Given the number of Biblical names that came into use in England at that time, and given that we know of no reason that the name Ethan would not have been included among the Biblical names adopted at that time, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this name.

Giana di Aurelio. Name and device. Azure, three water bougets Or and a chief Or fretty azure.
 
Gwineth McClelan. Name and device. Azure, a duck naiant between three roundels Or.
 
Isolda filia Georgii. Name.

Good name!

Leo Bertrand de Benton. Name and device. Purpure, a sword grasped at the hilt by a hand and in chief three estoiles of eight points argent.

Listed on the LoI as Leo Bertran Benton, this name was submitted as Leo Bertrand Benton. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture and allowed minor changes.

Leo and Benton were documented as English. Evidence was only found for the submitted Bertrand as a French form. The corresponding English form of this name is Bertran. Based on the submitted documentation, Leo Bertran de Benton would be an authentic form of this name for 12th to 13th C English. In this case, Bertran would be a patronymic byname and de Benton would be a locative byname.

The submitter does not allow major changes. Changing the French Bertrand to the English Bertran is a language change, and therefore a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Therefore, we have left this element in the submitted French form. We have changed the final element to de Benton which is dated to 1234 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Benton) in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Michael the Tinker. Name.

Good name!

Phebee Sybbel Headley. Name.
 
Rhiannon y Bwa. Name and device. Azure, two chicken's legs inverted conjoined in base and issuant from base a la quise argent armed Or.
 
Seamus mac Maolain. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Seamus mac Maoláin, Gaelic names are registerable with accents used consistently or omitted consistently. Therefore, registerable forms of this name are Séamus mac Maoláin and Seamus mac Maolain. The form shows that this name was submitted without accents. As a result, we have registered the form of this name that uses no accents.

Una de Saint Luc. Device. Argent, a winged bull passant gules and on a chief sable three escallops inverted Or.
 
Viola Thornhaven. Name.

While there is no evidence that the name Viola was used by human beings before 1600, it is registerable according to the requirements set down in "Using Names from Literary Sources" in the February 1999 cover letter. The name first appears in Gower's Confessio Amantis, first published around 1390, where it is the name of a female human character.

AN TIR

Cordelia Talbot. Name change from Elianor Talbot of Wynchestre.

Her previous name, Elianor Talbot of Wynchestre, is retained as an alternate name.

Elaine Madeline de Parfondeval. Device. Argent, an orle of ivy gules.
 
Gawain Ivarsson. Name and device. Per pale sable and Or, two pegasi combattant counterchanged.

The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Welsh/Norse. As the College was only able to find forms of Gawain in English, we were unable to make this name authentic for either Welsh or Norse. As this name is registerable as a mix of English and Old Norse, the question of whether a name mixing Welsh and Old Norse is registerable is not an issue. Therefore, we are declining to rule on such a combination at this time.

Jessimond of Greencrosse. Name.
 
Katla in Rauđhára. Name change from Reginleif in Rauđhára.

The form of the byname in Rauđhára is grandfathered to her from her previously registered name.

Her previous name, Reginleif in Rauđhára, is released.

Meg Gwyneth. Name and device. Purpure, on a bend sinister wavy Or a triquetra palewise inverted sable.

Listed on the LoI as Megge Gwyneth, this name was submitted as Meg Gwyneth. The submitter allowed Meg to be changed to Megge (which is dated to 1273 in Reaney & Wilson, p. 305 s.n. Meggs) if no documentation could be found for the form Meg. Kingdom was unable to find documentation for Meg as a period form and so made this change.

Crescent found documentation for Meg in Scots (a language closely related to English):

Meg is found in Talan Gwynek's "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html), where it is dated to 1408 and 1590. Scots-Welsh is registerable with a single weirdness (qv Anton Cwith, 08/01).

As the spelling Meg was most important to the submitter, and she had no request for authenticity, we have used the documentation found by Crescent in order to register the submitter's desired spelling of Meg.

Olcán Mac Meanma. Device. Gules, on a bend sable fimbriated between two wolves rampant an axe argent.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the fimbriation wider.

Teresa of Rosewood. Name.

Submitted as Treasa of Rosewood, no documentation was presented and none was found to support Treasa as a given name in period. As noted by Metron Ariston:

On the given name, one only need quote McMaster's article " Concerning the Names Teresa, Theresa, Tracy, and Treasa" at www.medievalscotland.org/problem/names/teresa.shtml: "Modern dictionaries of Irish names give Treasa and Toirésa as Irish equivalents of Theresa. No forms of the names Teresa or Tracy have been attested in medieval or renaissance Ireland. Treasa may be an attempt to adapt Tracy to Gaelic spelling. Both of these names appear to be modern inventions."

As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the documented Teresa in order to register this name.

Violante de Myranda. Name and device. Per pale argent and purpure, three crescents counterchanged.

Good name!

ANSTEORRA

Alys Fitzstephen. Name.

Submitted as Roana Alys Fitzstephen, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Irish and allowed any changes. Evidence has been found that forms of Alys and Stephen were in use among the people of Anglo-Normans descent who were living in Ireland in the submitter's time period. However, no evidence was found that Roana was used in Ireland (either by Gaels or by Anglo-Normans) in period. While there is some evidence of double given names used in England in the 16th C, no evidence has yet been found of double given names used in Ireland in period, or in England as early as the 13th C. Therefore, we have dropped the element Roana from this name to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture.

Angus MacNokard. Device. Azure, a winged tankard argent.
 
Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Golden Scroll Pursuivant.
 
Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Scroll Pursuivant.
 
Daniel Ó Céileachair. Name.
 
Emma de Fetherstan. Device change. Quarterly per fess indented argent and gules.

This submission was pended from the December 2002 LoAR due to the need to resolve whether the SCA should continue to protect one version of the flag of Panama found in the Armorial and Ordinary: Quarterly 1 and 4 argent, 2 gules, and 3 azure. As no evidence was found that this flag was ever used officially, this version of the flag of Panama is being released in the Society for Creative Anachronism section of this LoAR.

Her previous device, Argent masoned sable, a feather bendwise sinister gules, is released.

This does not conflict with Ulf of Sjaelland, Quarterly gules and argent. RfS X.4.a, Field Difference, states "There is a clear difference for reversing the tinctures of a field evenly divided into two parts, per saltire, or quarterly." So, per RfS X.4.a.ii.c ("Other Field-Primary Armory"), there's one CD for changing the order of the tinctures of the quarterly field and a second CD for indenting the per fess line.

Gerita del Mare. Device. Argent, in pale a threaded needle bendwise sinister sable and a fleam azure all between flaunches gules.

Please advise the submitter to draw the primary charges larger, particularly the threaded needle. Please also advise the submitter to draw the needle and thread so that the combination of the needle and thread is more centered on its portion of the field.

Gormr inn feitr. Name.

Submitted as Gormr inn Feitr, we have changed the byname to lowercase in order to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.)

Ingwulf Wulfes sunu. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Ingwulf Wulfsone, this name was submitted as Ingwulf Wulfsin. The submitter requested authenticity for 7th C Saxon and noted that the sound "wolf's son" and Saxon language/culture were most important to him. Kingdom changed the byname to a theorized Old English form in an attempt to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and his desired sound.

No support was provided in the LoI that either Wulfsin or Wulfsone were properly constructed. Patronymic bynames in Old English are typically formed by placing the father's name in the genitive case and appending a form of sunu 'son'. A 7th C example of this type of construction is found in Gösta Tengvik, Old English Bynames (p. 158 s.n. Hussan sunu), which dates Hering Hussan sunu to 603. Metron Ariston provided support for an appropriate form of the submitted byname for Old English:

Redin (Studies in Uncompounded Personal Name in Old English, p. 10) notes the given name Wulf in that spelling. Therefore, Wulfessunu should work as an Old English patronymic form since he indicates that the Saxon environment is important to him.

We have changed this name to the byname provided by Metron Ariston, and have added the space before sunu as seen in the 7th C example found in Tengvik, in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture.

Kolskeggr Thorolfsson. Name.
 
Magdalena da Cadamosto. Name and device. Or, on a bend doubly cotised sable three crescents Or.

Nice device!

Owen ap Aeddan ap Trahaearne. Device. Per fess argent and vert, three gryphons counterchanged.

The College of Arms had some concern about the identifiability of the griffins on the mini-emblazon. The quality of the reproduction did leave something to be desired, and if it had been poorer, this would have needed to be returned for administrative reasons. The Administrative Handbook requirements for preparation of letters of intent state that "An accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory shall be included on the letter of intent." The Cover Letter for the April 2002 LoAR stated:

In the last few months, there have been cases where the mini-emblazon included with the Letter of Intent did not accurately represent the emblazon on the submission form. If the emblazon does not match the form, the CoA cannot produce useful commentary, which in turn does not allow a decision on that item. The CoA has enough to review without commenting on the "wrong" item. A mismatch between the LoI emblazon and what is on the submission form can be reason for administrative return. If you produce LoIs, please double-check that the mini-emblazons on your letters are a good representation of the emblazons on the submission forms.

Photoreduction is recommended over redrawing. Scanning can be used with care. Many complaints have been received about mini-emblazons which were produced by scanning at inappropriate settings, rendering elements of the armory invisible or otherwise unidentifiable.

Rosalia O Brogan. Alternate name Rosalia di Bellavita.
 
Suzanna the Herbalist. Badge change. (Fieldless) Three annulets conjoined one and two sable.

The submitter's previously registered badge, Sable, a serpent nowed and a goutte argent, is released.

Vigge Jonsson. Device. Vert, a dunghill cock atop a mount Or.
 

ATENVELDT

Amphelisia Wynter. Name and device. Per pale azure and sable, a natural leopard's head affronty erased argent marked sable and on a bordure argent three roses proper.
 
Anne Marguerite Gobelin. Device. Per pale azure and gules, a fleur-de-lys Or and in chief two compass stars argent.
 
Candace Margreta Zanten. Name change from Margarette van Zanten and device change. Pily bendy Or and azure, a pegasus salient contourny argent within a bordure ermine.

Submitted as Candace Margreta van Zanten, the submitter provided documentation for Candace as an English given name from c. 1624. The LoI summarizes the original reason for return of the submitter's name along with the new documentation:

The lady has tried to register Candace for some time, but the reason for its original return in 1989 was that, while Candace appears in the Bible (Acts viii.27), it also appears to be a dynastic title for the queens of Ethiopia (the Roman writer Pliny uses this term as well).

She has found a citation for Candace's use as an English given name c. 1624, within the CoA's grey period of names, in The Visitations of Cornwall, comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1530, 1573, and 1620 by John Lambrick Vivian, a publication comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564, & 1620, with additions by Lieutenant_Colonel J.L. Vivian. Henry S. Eland, Exeter, 1895; the family pedigree with Candace is found on p. 69, amount midway down the page. This documents a Candace Carew, born c. 1624, to John Carew of Penwarne and Alice Hilman. (http://www.uk_genealogy.org.uk/england/Cornwall/visitations/index.html). While this page does not show her birth date, I am enclosing to Laurel an appendix page from a genealogical service that demonstrates the same relationship, with dates, to her father (b. c. 1584), her mother (c.1588-1631), and her marriage to Hugh Trevan(n)ion; as her mother died in 1631, Candace's birth must precede this, and this is within the grey area.

This example is sufficient to grant the submitter the benefit of the doubt on this name. It must be noted that Candace, like Regina, was used as a title. Therefore, it may be used as a given name "provided there is no suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank" (RfS VI.1). Specifications regarding a "suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank" were included in the precedent:

The College is opposed to the use of titles in names. We have received documentation that Regina specifically was a common given name in our period. Therefore, we will allow the use of Regina as a given name so long as there is no indication in the name that a claim to royalty exists. This means that Regina must be the first word of the Society name and that the Society name may not be in Latin, and that the word Regina may not be followed by any translation of "of X," where X is a place name, as that could indicate that the person was queen of that place. This use of Regina does not imply permission to use any other titles as names (e.g., you still can't have Earl or Rex). WVS [63] [LoAR 26 Feb 82], p. 7

In a similar manner, Candace must be the first element of the Society name, which it is in the submitted name, and Candace "may not be followed by any translation of 'of X,' where X is a place name, as that could indicate that the person was queen of that place." In the submitted name, van Zanten means 'of Zanten', and so violates the requirement that Candace not be followed by any translation of 'of [placename]'. Effectively, the submitted name translates to 'Queen Margaret of Zanten', and, so, is not registerable. We have dropped the particle van 'of' in order to remove the suggestion of territorial claim.

Her previous name, Margarette van Zanten, is released.

Her previous device, Pily bendy azure and Or, a swift migrant bendwise sinister argent, is retained as a badge.

Dmitri Kazimirovich and Tatiana Gordeevna Kazimirova. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). (Fieldless) In pale a tree blasted sable issuant from a heart per pale sable and gules.
 
Elena Glamorgan. Name and badge. Gules, a comet bendwise inverted Or.

Listed on the LoI as Flavia Elena Glamorganshire, this name was submitted as Flavia Elena ab Glamorganshire. The particle ab 'son' was removed at Kingdom because it is a patronymic marker and would not be used in a locative byname.

Flavia was documented in the LoI as "the name of a 6th C. female saint, martyred by Moorish corsairs". Upon examining the submitted documentation, it merely states that Flavia was a sister of a saint named Placidus, not that Flavia was a saint herself. Siren found other information regarding Flavia as the name of a saint:

I can find no reference to the <Flavia> mentioned in the LoI. The only <Flavia> in the Catholic Encyclopedia and in Delany's Dictionary of Saints is <Flavia Domitilla>, a first century member of the Imperial family and secret Christian. She seems to have been a minor saint; the Catholic Encyclopedia does not mention her sainthood [though] it gives a biography, but Delaney gives a feast day for her.

As stated in "From Pelican: Regarding the Registerability of Saints' Names", included in the Cover Letter to the September 2001 LoAR, the names of saints are registerable as part of an SCA name, with some restrictions, including:

[T]he form that the saint's name takes in the submitted name is subject to the standard rules and precedents, including those regarding weirdnesses that were set down in the August 1999 cover letter.

Unfortunately for the submitter, mixed Irish / Spanish names are not allowed (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR of July 1997). As Teresa was not used in the British Isles until after our period we have to return this. [Teresa Callan, 04/01, R-Atenveldt]

Teresa was considered a Spanish name in this ruling since Saint Teresa was a 16th C Spanish saint whose cult did not spread to the British Isles until after period. Therefore, as Saint Teresa was not known in Ireland in period, Irish parents could not have named daughters for her and the name had to be considered Spanish in this submission. Since Teresa is the name of a saint, it was registerable. But that registerability did not override the ban on mixing Irish and Spanish.

Some combinations are clearly not likely. Wickenden (3rd ed., p. 304) gives Sadok (a masculine name) as the name of a 4th C Russian saint-martyr. Though Sadok is a saint, no evidence exists that he was known in Westen Europe, so it does not seem reasonable that Welsh parents would know about this saint and choose to name their son after him. So the name Sadok ap Rhys would not be registerable because Russian and Welsh are not a registerable combination.

In this case, Flavia has been documented as a Roman saint. No evidence was provided, and none was found by the College, that an early saint named Flavia was known in the Middle Ages. Just as in the Sadok example above, we have no evidence that a Welsh, or even English, parent would have known of a saint named Flavia. If they did not know of a Saint Flavia, they could not have named a child for her in their language. Lacking references to one of these saints named Flavia in another language (such as Middle English), the name Flavia can only be considered as the (Roman) Latin name of a 1st and/or 6th C woman, and only appropriate for that language and time.

Therefore, the submitted name combines a 1st and/or 6th C Roman Latin given name (Flavia), with a given name documented as both English and Welsh (Elena), and the English name for a Welsh shire (Glamorganshire). Lacking evidence that combining 6th C Roman Latin with Welsh spoken in the Middle Ages is plausible in period, this combination is not registerable. As the submitter allows major changes, we have dropped Flavia in order to register this name.

Some documentation exists that -shire was included in locative bynames based on English shire names. For example, Bardsley, s.n. Derbyshire, dates Idonia Darbyschyre to 1379. However, no evidence was found that this trend existed for names of Welsh shires. Therefore, we have dropped -shire from the byname in order to register this name.

Iamys MacMurray de Morayshire. Device change. Argent, on a bend azure cotised vert three mullets palewise argent all within a bordure azure.

The submitter's previous device, Paly vert and argent, two wyverns erect respectant sable and on a chief azure three mullets argent, is retained as a badge.

Iamys MacMurray de Morayshire. Badge. Gules, on a pile dovetailed ermine a lion rampant contourny sable.
 
Johann Friedrich. Name and device. Per saltire sable and gules, in fess two rapiers Or.

This name does not conflict with the 16th C elector of Saxony Johann Friedrich, nor with the 19th C theologian Johann Friedrich, even though each has his own entry in the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica (the former as John Frederick).

The "From Laurel: Beyond the Encyclopedia" section of the Cover Letter for the January 2003 LoAR explains:

In order to bring the decision back within the College of Arms and to realign with our scope of protection, we are refining the process by which we decide which names to protect. Beginning with this letter, each name will be evaluated individually. The initial factor will continue to be an entry in a general-purpose encyclopedia. However, now we consider the prominence of this person (including when they lived and the length and contents of their encyclopedia entry) when determinining whether they are important enough to protect.

In accordence with this policy, since these two men named Johan Friederich have entries in the Encyclopedia Britannica, we considered whether or not they were important enough to protect. In this case, neither is well enough known among the general populace of the SCA to warrant protecting this name.

Rowan O'Collan. Name.

Submitted as Rowan O'Coilen, no documentation was presented and none was found that O'Coilen is a plausible period form of this name in either Gaelic or Anglicized Irish. Woulfe (p. 470 s.n. Ó Coileáin) dates the Anglicized Irish forms O Collaine and O Collan to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. As Woulfe shows surname forms that are spelled O'[name] in addition to O [name], we have changed this byname to O'Collan, as the closest plausible period form to the submitted O'Coilen, in order to register this name.

CAID

Áengus O'Flaherty. Device. Argent pellety, a bull's head cabossed gules.
 
Ailionóra inghean Tighearnaigh. Name.

Submitted as Ailionóra inghean Thighearnaigh, in Gaelic T does not lenite if the previous word ends in an n. Therefore, inghean Tighearnaigh is the grammatically correct form of this byname. We have made this change in order to register this name.

Angus Amhas. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion argent charged on the shoulder with a mullet of four points gules.
 
Christian Baier. Name change from Cristie ni Cairbre O'Callanáin.

Her previous name, Cristie ni Cairbre O'Callanáin, is released.

Dagmar rauđkinn. Device. Gules, a pair of scissors inverted expanded in saltire argent handled between in pale a hair comb and a hair comb inverted Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the teeth on the hair comb longer in comparison to the top of the comb. As drawn, this comes uncomfortably close to some depictions of the heraldic charge of a sunburst, which is a cloud with sun rays issuant downwards from it.

Darius Drake Blackacre. Device. Vairy argent and sable, on a chief azure a dragon rampant Or.
 
Elisabetta Malipiero. Device. Gules, two winged lions statant respectant Or.
 
Erich von Drachenholz. Household name Die Roten Dracken Kompanie.

Listed on the LoI as Kompanie Röter Drachen, this name was submitted as Rote Drachen. The grammar was corrected at Kingdom and a designator added. The LoI did a good job of communicating the submitter's wishes regarding this name:

He intends this submission for a household fighting unit connected with House Drachenholz, which was registered in Oct. '96. He will allow any changes, but wishes to keep the element Drachen in the name. The meaning is intended to be "Red Dragons".

The elements for this name were documented from a modern German dictionary. The German language has changed over time and not everything in modern German is appropriate for period. Orle provided information regarding a period form of this name:

The idea is plausible as a German house name for registration uses. Kompanie: Brechenmacher page 88 s.n. Kompan gives Middle High German kompân meaning companions or comrades. Röter: Bahlow page 468 s.n. Roth gives der rote czymmerman 1413 as the red carpenter. Drachen: Brechenmacher page 336 s.n. Drachenhand gives Drackenhand from 1367 and s.n. Drackenstein gives Middle High German dracke for dragon.

Die Roten Dracken Kompanie is the closest form I can get.

The change from Rote 'Red' to Roten 'Red' occurs because it is an adjective that modifies a plural noun ('Dragons'). We have changed this name to the form suggested by Orle to correct the grammar and use a construction plausible for period.

Eularia d'Amboise. Name and device. Sable, on a chevron argent between three lion's heads caboshed Or a rose gules.
 
Gareth Marcellus von Köln. Name change from Gareth Marcellus of Camalodunum.

His previous name, Gareth Marcellus of Camalodunum, is retained as an alternate name.

Hue de Ventadorn. Name.

Submitted as Hugh de Ventadorn, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C French and allowed any changes. Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html) lists Hue le recouvréeur. We have changed the given name from the English Hugh to the French Hue to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Ieuan Chwith. Device. Argent, a stag's head erased gules and on a chief sable three bezants.
 
Ihon MacLucas. Name and device. Per fess azure and Or, a compass star Or and two arrows inverted in saltire sable.
 
Jeneuer Neuille. Name.
 
Jessica the Clark. Name.

Submitted as Jessica Clark, the submitter's legal name is Jessica Clark [surname]. Therefore, this submission contains the submitter's first two names in the same order as in her legal name. As this is one of the submitter's possible common use names, this name conflicts with the submitter herself, protected under section III.A.9 of the Administrative Handbook. (See Mari Alexander, West returns in the September 2002 LoAR, for a thorough discussion of this issue.)

As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed the byname Clark to the Clark in order to clear this conflict. As a lower standard of difference is required between a person's SCA name and their mundane name (whether legal name, use name, et cetera), the addition of the is enough to clear this conflict (Administrative Handbook III.A.9). A parallel example is given in section III.A.9 of the Administrative Handbook, which states that a person whose name is Alan Miller may register the name Alan the Miller.

Katerina Winter of Graystoke. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Katerina Winter of Greystoke, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th to 16th C English. Reaney & Wilson (p. 203 s.n. Graystoke) dated the form Graystoke to 1408. We have changed the byname to use this spelling in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Linet de Hynkersul. Device. Or, a chevron purpure between two mortars and pestles vert and a cat sejant guardant contourny sable marked argent.
 
Madelena Hidalgo de Valencia. Name.

Hidalgo is the submitter's legal surname.

There was some question whether the combination Hidalgo de Valencia violated RfS VI.1 "Names Claiming Rank". Siren provided information regarding this issue:

'Hidalgo' is a term that maps best to English 'gentry': it's a rank, but a low one. An hidalgo is addressed with the term <Don> (which we use for lord/lady, but in Spain was used for both higher and lower ranks as well) and was freed from certain taxes that commoners had to pay. It did not involve any kind of landed estate, simply descent from armigers. So, the combination of the two bynames doesn't imply anything other than that she's an hidalgo living in Valencia.

Given this information, use of the byname combination Hidalgo de Valencia is not an explicit claim of rank any more than the use of Hidalgo would on its own.

The second part of this issue is whether Hidalgo is an inappropriate claim of rank. From the information provided by Siren, the use of Hidalgo claims the rank of gentry. The following precedent is relevant to this issue:

... it was the feelings of the College that Brahman denotes a high enough caste that the use of the name is presumptuous. We would need to see evidence that Brahman implied status no higher than gentry in Europe. [Madhu Brahman, 01/00, R-An Tir]

This precedent implies that a simple claim of the status of gentry, no higher, is acceptable for registration. Therefore, the submitted name is registerable as it claims a status no higher than gentry.

Mia Sperling. Name and device. Sable, a hand ermine.
 
Mikhail Olegovich. Name change from Michael of Starkhafn and device. Quarterly sable and azure, a sword proper within a bordure argent.

His previous name, Michael of Starkhafn, is retained as an alternate name.

Nicola da Lipari. Name.

Submitted as Nicola de Lipardi, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th to 16th C Italian. No documentation was presented and none was found for Lipardi as an Italian name, though documentation was presented for the similar name Lipari. As Lipari is a placename, we have changed this byname to da Lipari 'of Lipari' in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name.

Onóra inghean Uillic. Name.
 
Rioghnach inghean Chonchobhair Atha Dhara. Name and device. Vert, on a plate a tree eradicated proper and on a chief argent three cat's heads erased azure.

Listed on the LoI as Ríoghnach inghean Chonchobhair na Áth Dara, this name was submitted as Rioghnach inghean Chonchobhair de Ath Dara. The byname was modified at Kingdom to put the locative byname (meaning 'of Adare') into a single language and to add accents to this name. Irish Gaelic names are registerable with either accents used consistently or omitted consistently. As the submitted form of this name used no accents, we have dropped all accents from this name.

In Irish Gaelic in period, locative bynames referring to a town do not use a particle such as na. Rather, they simply use the genitive form of the placename. The genitive form of Áth Dara is Átha Dara. As it appears in a woman's byname, it is also lenited: Átha Dhara. Therefore, the grammatically correct form of this name is Rioghnach inghean Chonchobhair Atha Dhara. We have changed the submitted name to this form in order to register this name.

The submitter may wish to know that the order of bynames in an Irish Gaelic name can significantly change the meaning of the name. In the case of the name Rioghnach inghean Chonchobhair Atha Dhara, this name means that Rioghnach is the daughter of Conchobhar, who was from Adare. The form of this name that would indicate that Rioghnach is from Adare is Rioghnach Atha Dhara inghean Chonchobhair.

Robert of Aylington. Name.
 
Rřrik Sverđmađr. Badge. Per fess sable and azure, a compass star within a sea-serpent involved head to base argent.
 
Rotheric Kynith. Device. Vert, in pale a stag at gaze argent and a bow bendwise sinister, drawn and with arrow nocked Or.

The armory is not overly complex "slot machine" heraldry (using more than two types of charge in a single charge group) because prior precedent indicates that a bow and arrow in a standard position are treated as if they were a single charge. A drawn bow and arrow are in a standard position for a bow and arrow.

[considering a strung bow and arrow along with another charge] The question was raised as to whether or not this is considered slot machine since it has three dissimilar charges in one group. While it is true that it has three charges, when a bow and arrow are in their standard, expected position they are considered one charge, just like a sword in a scabbard is considered one charge. It is only when they are separated, or put into non standard positions for their normal use, such as being crossed in saltire, that they become two separate charges. (LoAR April 1999)

Starkhafn, Barony of. Badge (see RETURNS for guild name). Sable, a spoon inverted bendwise sinister within a bordure rayonny Or.
 
Suzanne Delaplaine. Name and device. Argent, a hurst of pine trees proper atop a mount vert and on a chief azure an arrow Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chief wider.

Tachibana Hikaru. Name and device. Sable, a quatrefoil within a mascle argent.
 
Therese of the White Griffin. Household name House Griffincliffe.
 
Tighearnach ua Catháin Átha Dara. Name and device. Sable, on a bezant a tree eradicated proper and on a chief Or three stag's heads erased gules.

Listed on the LoI as Tighearnach ua Catháin na Áth Dara, this name was submitted as Tighearnach ua Catháin de Ath Dara. The byname was modified at Kingdom to put the locative byname (meaning 'of Adare') into a single language and to add the accent to the place name Áth Dara so that accents are used consistently in this name.

In Irish Gaelic in period, locative bynames referring to a town do not use a particle such as na. Rather, they simply use the genitive form of the placename. The genitive form of Áth Dara is Átha Dara. Therefore, the grammatically correct form of this name is Tighearnach ua Catháin Átha Dara. We have changed the submitted name to this form in order to register this name.

The submitter may wish to know that the order of bynames in an Irish Gaelic name can significantly change the meaning of the name. In the case of the name Tighearnach ua Catháin Átha Dara, this name means either that Tighearnach is the grandson of Cathán, who was from Adare; or that Tighearnach is a male descendant of the Áth Dara branch of the Ó Catháin family. The form of this name that would indicate that Tighearnach is from Adare is Tighearnach Átha Dara ua Catháin.

Please advise the submitter to draw the bezant as a circle rather than a slight oval.

William of the Forest. Name and device. Argent, a fess between three arrows bendwise vert.
 

DRACHENWALD

Richard Cockeshank. Device. Argent, a scorpion fesswise reversed within a bordure sable.
 
Thomas Flamanc of Kelsale. Device change. Azure, a fess between three martlets argent.

Nice device!

As a note to the Kingdom submissions processors: please ensure that the mini-emblazon matches the emblazon. In this submission, the martlets on the mini-emblazon were drawn notably differently from the martlets on the full-sized emblazon. Both the mini- and full-sized emblazons seemed to Laurel staff to be clear depictions of Azure, a fess between three martlets argent. Because the Letter of Intent for this submission was ruled on at the Known World Heraldic Symposium road show, a large subset of the College of Arms was able to view the full-sized emblazon and to agree with Laurel Staff's judgement that the full-sized emblazon did not introduce any stylistic problems into the armorial design. However, it is important to note that a discrepancy between the full-sized and mini-emblazons can be a reason for administrative return. The Administrative Handbook requirements for preparation of letters of intent state that "An accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory shall be included on the letter of intent." The Cover Letter for the April 2002 LoAR stated:

In the last few months, there have been cases where the mini-emblazon included with the Letter of Intent did not accurately represent the emblazon on the submission form. If the emblazon does not match the form, the CoA cannot produce useful commentary, which in turn does not allow a decision on that item. The CoA has enough to review without commenting on the "wrong" item. A mismatch between the LoI emblazon and what is on the submission form can be reason for administrative return. If you produce LoIs, please double-check that the mini-emblazons on your letters are a good representation of the emblazons on the submission forms.

Photoreduction is recommended over redrawing. Scanning can be used with care. Many complaints have been received about mini-emblazons which were produced by scanning at inappropriate settings, rendering elements of the armory invisible or otherwise unidentifiable.

EALDORMERE

Aodhan Longarrow. Device. Per fess embattled azure and gules, a sheaf of arrows within a bordure argent.
 
Conrad Wappenschmied. Name.

Submitted as Conrad Waffenschmied, the submitter requested authenticity for the 13th C. Brechenmacher (s.n. Waffenschmied) dates the form Wappenschmied to 1242. We have changed the byname to this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Isabella Vannicelli. Name.

Good name!

EAST

Alison Winter. Name.
 
Alissende de la Halle. Name.
 
Aonghas Mac Labhruinn de Brus. Name and device. Per chevron embattled gules and Or, two hammers inverted Or and a bull's head caboshed sable.

Listed on the LoI as Aonghas mac Labhruinn de Brus, this name was submitted as Aonghas MacLabhruinn de Brus. No notation was made on the LoI regarding the reason for the difference between the form of this name on the submission form and that on the LoI.

In Gaelic in period, the byname Mac Labhruinn would have been written as two words. The particle Mac could have appeared with a capital M or a lowercase m. Therefore, Mac Labhruinn is the registerable form of this name closest to the submitted form. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name.

Aonghas Mac Labhruinn de Brus. Badge. Per bend embattled gules and Or, in base a hammer bendwise inverted sable.
 
Christoffel d'Allaines-le-Comte. Name.
 
David Lockhart. Name and device. Argent, a chevron rompu and in chief three crosses moline gules.
 
Gunnarr inn mikli. Name.

Good name!

Gwineth Llynllwyd. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Gwineth Llyn Lloyd, this name was submitted as Gwineth Llyn Brith. The LoI noted that the constructed placename was intended to mean 'Gray Pond'. Kingdom found that brith more usually means 'speckled', rather than 'gray', and so forwarded the name using llwyd 'gray' which appears more frequently in placenames.

Unfortunately, the hypothecized Llyn Lloyd combines Welsh and English in a single name phrase (in this case, the placename Llyn Lloyd) and, so, violates RfS III.1.a. Metron Ariston explains:

The locative is analogous to the actual Llyndu, but needs a bit of grammatical work since Lloyd is an anglicized form. The actual Welsh word for grey is in fact Llwyd, as noted in the documentation on the letter of Intent. And, following usual place name formation, the two elements would coalesce into something like Llynllwyd.

We have changed the locative byname to use the form of this placename suggested by Metron Ariston in order to place the entire byname in a single language and to make its construction follow period examples.

Hellen Cloterbuck. Name.
 
Isabella d'Allaines-le-Comte. Name (see RETURNS for device).
 
James de Northebrok. Name.

Submitted as James de Northbrooke, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English and allowed minor changes. Reaney & Wilson (p 324 s.n. Northbrook) dates Philip de Northebrok to 1327. We have changed the byname to use this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Jehan du Lac. Name change from Jehanne du Lac.

The submitter's previous name, Jehanne du Lac, is released.

LOCHAC

None.

MERIDIES

Barbara la Tapissiere. Device. Pean, a sheaf of lace bobbins and on a chief Or three lozenges gules.

This submission was pended from the December 2002 LoAR due to a misblazon.

Dana the Quarrier. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Dava the Quarrier, the name Dava was documented from a Web site that lists modern "Celtic" names. Lacking evidence that Dava was used in period, this name is not registerable.

The submitter indicated that if Dava was not registerable, she wished to use Dana instead, and provided documentation that Dana is her legal given name. We have made this change.

The name Dana the Quarrier is clear of the submitter's legal name Dana Quarrier by the addition of the word the. A parallel example is given in section III.A.9 of the Administrative Handbook, which states that a person whose name is Alan Miller may register the name Alan the Miller.

The submitter may wish to know that, while the College was unable to find evidence of Dava in period, they found that Withycombe (s.n. Davina) dates Davine Dobenes to 1639 and says that this name is "a Scottish f. form of David, found from the 17th C.".

Fiona of Vogelburg. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for "Irish/Celtic". This name combines a solely modern given name, which is registerable because it has been ruled SCA-compatible, with the name of her SCA branch, which has a German placename. Lacking evidence that either Fiona or Vogelburg is plausible in period as "Irish/Celtic", we were unable to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Gleann Abhann, Principality of. Order name Order of the Aries.

Submitted as Order of Aries, there was some discussion about the registerability of this name.

The reference thought of by many commenters was the constellation named Aries. As no evidence has been found that order names were named for constellations in period, this would not be a valid model for an order name in the SCA. However, this submission provided documentation that aries is a noun in Latin meaning 'battering ram' or 'ram'.

Order of the Ram would be a plausible order name in English. Metron Ariston provided the fully Latin form of this order name, Ordo Arietis.

RfS III.1.a states in part:

Each phrase must be grammatically correct according to the usage of a single language.

For the purposes of this rule a phrase may consist of a single word (Heinrich, Calais) or of a grammatically connected series of words (the Garter, the Dragons Heart, with the Beard, von Königsberg) in a single language.

For order and award names, we have traditionally allowed the designator and following prepositions and articles (such as Award of, Order of the) to be rendered in English rather than in the language of the rest of the name. Examples from 2000 and forward include:

Order of the Cercle d'Honneur [Arn Hold, Barony of, 01/2000]
Order of the Fer de Moline [Arn Hold, Barony of, 01/2000]
Order of the Fleur of Ćthelmearc [Ćthelmearc, Kingdom of, 02/2000]
Order of the Faering [Storvik, Barony of, 11/2001]
Order of the H{oe}verska of Starkhafn [Starkhafn, Barony of, 09/2002]
Order of the Steinn of Starkhafn [Starkhafn, Barony of, 09/2002]
Order of the Stjarna of Starkhafn [Starkhafn, Barony of, 09/2002]
Order of the Ulftönn of Starkhafn [Starkhafn, Barony of, 09/2002]

Based on these examples, Order of the Aries is a registerable order name referring to a ram. Order of Aries would use Aries as a proper noun, rather than a generic noun meaning 'ram', and so would specifically refer to the constellation name. Lacking evidence that order names were based on constellations, the submitted Order of Aries is not registerable. As the submitters allow minor changes, we have added the article the in order to register this name.

Gleann Abhann, Principality of. Order name Order of the Jewelled Horn.
 
Gleann Abhann, Principality of. Order name Order of the Shepherds.

There was some question regarding the registerability of Shepherds because it is plural and so falls afoul of the precedent:

Submitted as Order of the Golden Swans of Aneala, there is no evidence of plural nouns used in order names in period, with the exception of the word "knights." [Aneala, Barony of, 07/99, A-Lochac]

More recent information has shown examples of plural nouns that refer to groups of people such as Soldiers, Nobles, et cetera. A list of such order names may be found in Meradudd Cethin's article "Project Ordensnamen OR What do you mean that the Anceint[sic] and Venerable Order of the Most Holy and Righteous Wombat's Toenail isn't period?" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/order/). Shepherds describes a group of people, is a period term, and is plausible within the rather wide spectrum of terms used to refer to groups of people in Meradudd's article, making Order of the Shepherds registerable.

Gradlon Braz Le Friant. Name.
 
Marsilla la Despensere. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Marcella le Despenseur, this name was submitted as Marcella le Despenser. The submitter requested authenticity for the 12th C, but did not specify a desired language or culture, and allowed minor changes. As all of the documentation included on the submission form was for English, we are assuming that is the submitter's desired language.

Nicolaa de Bracton's "A Statistical Survey of Given Names in Essex Co., England 1182-1272" (http://members.tripod.com/nicolaa5/articles/names.html) lists the name Marsill(i)a as appearing six times.

Reaney & Wilson (p. 132 s.n. Despencer) dates Gilbert le Despenser to 1198-1212. Other occupational names are marked for gender at this time; Reaney & Wilson (p. 273 s.n. Lavender) dates Ysabelle la Lauendere to 1253 and (p. 122 s.n. Custer) Sibilla la Custere to 1254. Therefore la Despensere is a plausible feminized form of the submitter's desired byname, appropriate for mid-13th C England. Lacking examples of feminine forms of this type of byname in 12th C England, we were unable to confirm that this form is appropriate for the submitter's desired time period.

A French form of the name would be Marcella la Despensiere, though we were unable to confirm its authenticity for the 12th century.

Talorgen mac Brudi. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Talorgen mac Brude, Brude is a nominative form of this name. We have changed it to a genitive form as required when it is used in a patronymic byname.

Ursula Webster. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 15th to 16th C English, though all of the documentation provided in the LoI was for names in the 12th through 14th C. The College found evidence of both these elements in the last half of the 16th C. Irvine Gray and J. E. Gethyn-Jones, ed., The Registers of the Church of St. Mary's, Dymock, 1538-1790 (p. 26) lists Ursula Brodeford as the wife in a marriage record dated to 1565. Bardsley (p. 798 s.n. Webster) lists Eliz. Webster in a burial record in 1575. These records show that the submitted form, Ursula Webster, is a fine name for the mid to late 16th C.

MIDDLE

Aislinn inghean an Bhaird. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Aislinn inghean an Bhair, both the submission form and the documentation show a d on the end of this name. We have made this correction.

The submitter requested authenticity for Irish. The given name Aislinn is SCA-compatible and so is registerable. However, no evidence has yet been found that Aislinn was used as a given name in period. Lacking such evidence, we were unable to make this name authentic for Irish as requested by the submitter.

Brjánn inn rammi. Name.
 
Estienne de Boucicaut. Name.
 
Isabella Beatrice della Rosa. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Isabella Beatrice de la Rosa, this name was submitted as Isabella Beatrice Dela Rosa. The byname was modified to a documentable form at Kingdom. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture.

Isabella and Beatrice were documented as Italian names dated to 1427. The form de la Rosa found by Kingdom was documented as Spanish. The "Florentine Renaissance Resources: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/) lists DELLAROSA as appearing 42 times. The Tratte site standardizes the forms of the names, so the listed DELLAROSA likely represents a period della Rosa. We have changed the byname to make this name consistently Italian in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Kimotsuki Yurimoto. Name correction from Kimotsuki Takeo.

Originally submitted as Kimotsuki Yurimoto Takeo, this name was registered in the May 2003 LoAR as Kimotsuki Takeo because one of the two submitted nanori was required to be dropped for registration. As no guidance was provided with the submission regarding which of the two submitted nanori was preferred by the submitter, the second nanori was dropped. Having received a timely request from the submitter, we are happy to adjust the name to use the submitter's preferred nanori.

His previous name, Kimotsuki Takeo, is released.

Lan Ying. Name.

Submitted as Lán Ying, we have removed the accent from the byname. Pinyin and Wade-Giles are the two main systems for transliterating Chinese names using the Roman alphabet. Golden Pillar provided information regarding the accents and diacritical marks used in these transliteration systems:

First, Yin strongly recommends that Pelican and Laurel not register accent marks, or most other diacritical marks, with Chinese names. In Pinyin, and in many Wade-Giles, Romanizations, these marks are, in some sense, similar to the marks in deFelice, providing pronunciation information without being part of the actual characters in the name. With a few exceptions in Wade-Giles, the marks are one of two modern methods for conveying pronunciation tones, and the other method (numbers at the end of each syllable) is much more common. Further, both numbers and marks are most frequently omitted when Romanizing Chinese characters for Western readers from the general public. Please note that, if accent and diacritical marks are registered in Romanized Chinese names, then the much more common number-at-end-of-syllable should be likewise registerable. (By the way, if the number convention is registerable, this name would more frequently be Romanized as Lan2 Ying1 than as Lán Ying).

Given this information, we will omit diacritical marks and tonal indicators (numbers at the end of each syllable) when registering Chinese names. We have changed Lán to Lan in this name to remove the accent, which is used as a pronunciation indicator.

Magnus de Tymberlake. Name change from Brondolf the Stout.

His previous name, Brondolf the Stout, is released.

Mirabel de Tymberlake. Name change from Gwen Wirion and device. Quarterly argent and vert, four squirrels rampant counterchanged.

Her previous name, Gwen Wirion, is released.

Rhys ab Idwal. Badge. (Fieldless) A wolf couchant sable.

Nice badge!

This does not conflict with a badge of Thylacinus Aquila of Dair Eidand, (Fieldless) A thylacine couchant gardant proper, orbed and langued gules. There is one CD for fieldlessness and another CD for the tincture of the beast. The thylacine proper in Thylacinus' emblazon is predominantly tan in color. The College's researches also indicate that this is the expected proper coloration for a thylacine.

Tófa Asgeirsdóttir. Device change. Per pale argent ermined azure and argent ermined gules, on a pale cotised sable a double bladed axe Or.

Her old device, Argent ermined gules, a fox's mask azure and on a chief invected sable three spiders argent, is released.

SOCIETY FOR CREATIVE ANACHRONISM

Panama. Release of important non-SCA flag. Quarterly 1 and 4 argent, 2 gules, and 3 azure.

It appears that this flag was protected in error. After research by the College of Arms, including a number of the people present in the College in September 1995 (when this flag was protected by the SCA), it appears that this has never been the flag of Panama. It was probably a typographical error which omitted the mullets on the current flag of Panama. This version is therefore being released.

The current flag of Panama, Quarterly first and fourth argent, second gules and third azure, in bend a mullet azure and another gules, was registered as an important non-SCA flag in 1999 and remains protected.

TRIMARIS

Adelheid Leinwater. Name and device. Argent, a schnecke purpure issuant from dexter base and on a chief wavy vert, three edelweiss blossoms argent seeded Or.
 
Brighid of Darkwater. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a seahorse azure and on a chief vert three fleurs-de-lys argent.

Submitted under the name Brygyt d'Arcy of Glen Meara.

Catherine of Oldenfeld. Name.
 
Christofle de Montigny. Name.

Submitted as Christoffel de Montigny, the submitter requested authenticity for French and allowed any changes. The given name Christoffel was documented as Flemish and the byname de Montigny as Provencal. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found information regarding a French form of this name:

If he wants a French name, using Flemish and Provencal sources is probably not the way to go. <Christofle> is found in Paris in 1423 and 1438 according to my "French Names from Paris 1423 & 1438" (http://www.sit.wisc.edu/~sfriedemann/names/paris1423.htm) And by gum would you lookit this! My "Names from a 1587 Tax Roll from Provins" (http://www.sit.wisc.edu/~sfriedemann/names/provins1587.htm) has <Christofle de Montigny>. If he'd like a late-16th century French name appropriate for someone from Provins, he really couldn't have done better.

We have changed the given name to the French form Christofle to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Cicilia of Falkeburn. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). (Fieldless) A Chinese dragon passant sable maintaining a roundel vert.
 
Damaris of Norland. Name and device. Vert, on a chevron between three roses Or three roses gules all within a bordure erminois.

Submitted as Damaris of Norlan, all of the period forms of this byname found by the College retained the -d. Lacking evidence that dropping of the -d is plausible in period, we have added it in order to register this name.

Dmitri Ivanovich Vladimirov Skomorochov. Name and device. Argent, in saltire two jester's baubles proper capped and surmounted by a bear's head couped all within a bordure azure.

Submitted as Dmitri Ivanovich Vladimirov Skomovochov, the element Skomovochov was documented as a Russian occupational byname found in B. O. Unbegaun, "Russian Surnames" (p. 121). However Nebuly found that an error occurred when this name was taken from Unbegaun:

The last element does appear in Unbegaun as cited, but it is there apelled Skomorochov. Unbegaun translates the word as "player, actor", and Wickenden translates it as "minstrel". Since all the elements after the given name are in the genitive, I would translate this submission as "Dmitri, son of Ivan Vladimirov the minstrel" (i.e., his father was a minstrel, not he).

We have changed the spelling of this byname to the documented form in order to register this name.

Domhnall Mac Branduibh. Name.

Submitted as Donal Mac Brandubgh, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes.

Donal was documented as an Irish name listed in Withycombe (2nd ed., p. 81, s.n. Donald). When discussing non-English names, Withycombe is usually referring to modern forms. Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 75, s.n. Domnall) shows that Dónal is a Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. As such, it is not registerable. The Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name is Domhnall.

No documentation was presented and one was found that Mac Brandubgh is a plausible variant of the name Mac Branduibh. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable.

We have changed this name to use documented period Gaelic forms in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Donald of Saint Ives. Name.

Submitted as Donald of St. Ives, Donald is his legal given name. St. is a scribal abbreviation for Saint. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have spelled it out.

Eibhlín inghean an Aba. Name.
 
Giuliana del Chiaro. Name.
 
Gustaf Zizka. Name.

Submitted as Gustav Zizka, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Hussite (German/Czech). Gustav was documented from Withycombe. As previously stated:

Withycombe's strength lies in English. In most cases, when she is referring to names that are not in English, she is referring to modern forms. As such, any undated references in Withycombe to forms of names in other languages ought to have additional support. [Anton Cwith, 08/01, A-Ansteorra]

German sources make it clear that Gustav was borrowed from Swedish; the College was unable to find evidence that it was used as a German given name before 1600. The spellings Gustaf and Gřstaff are found in Swedish (in Sveriges Medeltida Personnamn, vol. 9 s.n. Gřtstaf). We have changed the given name to a form documented to period in order to register this name.

Zizka is documented as a Czech byname. As there was extensive contact between Sweden and Czechoslovakia, including a large number of Swedes studying at the University of Prague, the combination of Swedish and Czech is registerable, though a weirdness. However, lacking evidence that any form of Gustav was used in German or Czech, we could not make this name authentic for Hussites (German/Czech) as requested by the submitter.

Iohne of Darkwater. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a dragon passant vert maintaining a lightning bolt palewise sable all within a bordure purpure.

Submitted under the name Iohne of Northumberland.

Iustina Bryennissa. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Serena Iustina Bryenrissa, the submitter requested authenticity for 6th to 11th C Roman-Byzantine and allowed any changes. Serena was documented only from a Web site of dubious quality and there is some doubt that this name was actually used by Romans. Metron Ariston explains:

The mention of the empress Serena, as wife of Diocletian or as mother or aunt of Saint Susanna is somewhat suspect since it mainly derives from some rather dicey hagiographic works of the early Christian period. There is no doubt that in the West by the high middle ages Serena was considered a saint and Withycombe (Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Serena) n[o]tes on[e] instance of the name in thirteenth century England, but I am a bit leery of assuming its use [i]n the Eastern church. Also the cited source gives the dates for for Iustina as between AD 527 to AD 641 while the byname dates to at least five or six centuries later. Finally, following the same rules that are given in the article and the Letter of Intent, the byname should be Bryennissa not Bryenrissa.

No documentation was presented and none was found to support two given names in Byzantine names. Therefore we have dropped Serena, which is dubious for the submitter's desired time and culture, and corrected the byname in order to register this name.

Melissent Alix de la Croix. Name.

Submitted as Melisende Alix de la Croix, the submitter requested authenticity for French. Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html) includes examples of forms of this given name in the entries Melissent la Fauconničre, Milesent la lavendičre, and Milessent la cerenceresse de lin. As Melissent is the closest of these forms to the submitted Melisende, we have changed the given name to Melissent to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Natalia Bramante. Name.
 
Ysabel de Bayeux. Name and device. Argent, a fleur-de-lys and on a chief indented azure three mullets argent.

Listed on the LoI as Ysabel de Bayeaux, the submission form listed the byname as de Bayeux. We have made this correction.

Please advise the submitter to draw fewer and larger indentations.

WEST

Amelye van Deventer. Name and device. Per bend vert and azure, a decrescent and an increscent Or.
 
Anneke Grove of Scambanden. Name and device. Azure, three trees and on a chief argent three lozenges azure.

Submitted as Anneke Grove of Scammonden, Ekwall (p. 406 s.n. Scammonden) dates Scambanden to 1275. Lacking evidence that the -b- was dropped from the name of this location in period, we have changed the locative byname to use the dated form, as allowed by the submitter, in order to register this name.

Eiríkr eldr Hj{o,}rtsson. Name and badge. Argent, a mastless drakkar, a chief, and a base engrailed sable.

Listed on the LoI as Eld-hjörtr Eriksson, this name was submitted as Erik Eld-hjörtr and changed at Kingdom because no support was found for the submitted form of this name.

The submitted documentation was inadequately summarized on the LoI, which stated:

The submitter's originally submitted name, Erik Eld-hjörtr is not supportable, so we are going with his second choice. Hjörtr is found on p.11 of Bassi; the byname Eldr is found in the Landnámábok, and Eld- would be the prefix form. Erik is found on p.9 of Bassi; the patronymic is formed normally. He wishes a Viking name from the period of the Rus expansion.

This submission included a letter from Gunnvör silfrahárr (formerly Gunnora Hallakarva) which provided support for some elements in the submitted name. However, since Gunnvör's letter was not summarized in the LoI, that documentation could not be judged by the College. Therefore, the submitted name must be judged according to the documentation presented to the College in the LoI, along with other information found by the College during the commentary process.

Hj{o,}rtr and Eiríkr, not Erik as stated in the LoI, are found in Geirr Bassi as masculine given names. A man named Eiríkr whose father was Hj{o,}rtr would be Eiríkr Hjartarson. A man named Hj{o,}rtr whose father was Eiríkr would be Hj{o,}rtr Eiríksson.

The byname eldr 'fire' is also found in Geirr Bassi. Eld- was submitted as a theorized prefix form of this byname. However, not all Norse bynames had prefix forms. Gunnvör's letter listed some names that included Eld- as a protheme in the name (for example, Eldgrímr and Eldjárn), though no examples of Eld- as a byname prepended to a given name (such as in the theorized Eld-Hj{o,}rtr). Lacking evidence that eldr would have been used in a prefix form, Eld- is not registerable as a byname.

Therefore, registerable forms of this name are Eiríkr eldr Hjartarson and Hj{o,}rtr eldr Eiríksson. As the first is the closer of these to the originally submitted name, we have changed this name to that form in order to register this name.

Eric Van Roosebeke. Name and device. Sable, a crescent and a chief embattled argent.

Eric is his legal given name.

Siren found support for the capital V in the byname Van Roosebeke:

[...] the issue of the capitalization of <van>. While it is unusual, it is found in period documents. In Luana's Bruges article (complete names 1514 census) I found <Lauwereins Vander Burch>, <Marc Vande Velde>, and <Pieter Van Dalle> before I stopped looking.

Given these examples, the capital V in Van is registerable in this submission.

Nice device!

Friđa mj{o,}ksiglanda. Name.

Submitted as Fridha Mjoksiglanda, the submitter requested authenticity for 900-1000 "Viking-Rus". We have modified this name to the fully Old Norse form Friđa mj{o,}ksiglanda to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. This form uses the characters đ (edh) and {o,} (o-ogonek) rather than dh and o. It also puts the byname into lowercase to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.)

Ghislaine d'Auxerre. Badge. (Fieldless) A pantheon's head erased azure semy of compass stars argent gorged of a pearled coronet Or.

Some members of the College inquired whether the submitter is entitled to a coronet. While the Letter of Intent did not provide supporting evidence for this assertion, it was documented sufficiently in the submitter's previous submission.

Jean Guillaume Duplessis. Name and device. Per saltire sable and Or, an eagle and issuant from base a demi-sun all within a bordure counterchanged.

Submitted as Jean-Guillaume Duplessis, the submitter allowed minor changes. The following precedent applies to the submitted Jean-Guillaume:

Submitted as Jean-Pierre Dubois, we know of no period examples of double given names that use the hyphenation. [Jean Pierre Dubois, 04/00, A-Atenveldt]

We have removed the hyphen from this name in order to register this name.

Mari Alexander. Name change from Mari Greensleaves.

This name change has previously been returned for conflict against the submitter's use name of Mari Alexander as her name was Mari Alexander [surname]. In the current submission, the submitter has provided evidence of a legal name change which removes Alexander from her name entirely. As Mari Alexander is no longer a use name for her, we are registering this name change.

Her previous name, Mari Greensleaves, is released.

Pádráig Donn McMathúna. Badge. (Fieldless) An oak tree eradicated within and conjoined to an annulet argent.
 
Uther Schiemann der Hunt. Name and device. Gules, a cross gurgity Or within a serpent in annulo head to base argent.

There was some question regarding the registerability of this name because Uther was submitted as a Welsh given name in an otherwise German name. Names combining Welsh and German have been ruled unregisterable (Anton Cwith, 08/01, A-Ansteorra).

The name Uther is found in Sir Thomas Mallory's Le Morte d'Arthur as the name of Arthur's father. As such, is is a literary name known in English. Precedent allows registration of Arthurian names:

Current precedent is to accept the names of significant characters from period Arthurian literature as there is a pattern of such names being used in England and France in period. [Bedivere de Byron, 06/99, A-Atlantia]

Therefore, this name is registerable as an English given name in an otherwise German name. Combining English and German in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness.

Two commenters asked whether the cross gurgity was too close to a swastika (or fylfot) to be registered without causing offense. The cross gurgity in this submission is drawn as it is in the Pictorial Dictionary: each arm curves smoothly to a hook which ends in a point. A swastika is drawn with arms which make a right angle and end bluntly. This seems to be sufficient visual distinction to avoid offense, especially as the commentary on the matter was more in the nature of a question about the charge - neither commenter stated that he or she found it difficult to distinguish this charge from a swastika, or that he or she took offense at the charge.

West, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Gonfanon Pursuivant.

No documentation was submitted for this name at all. The LoI simply stated that this title was: "previously registered to the West and released in December '93. We now wish to re-register [it]."

Items that are released and resubmitted fall into the category of new submissions. The Grandfather Clause does not apply since the items are no longer registered. Such items must be redocumented when they are resubmitted, just as if they were a new submission.

The missing documenation was provided by multiple members of the College. Crescent states:

A gonfanon is a period heraldic charge (qv Flag, Pictorial Dictionary, arms of the Counts of Auvern, c. 1275) and thus Gonfanon Pursuivant follows the period practice of using the name of a heraldic charge as a title.

As documentation was found for this submission, it may be registered.

Yosef ben Ami. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Yosef Ze'ev ben Ami, the documentation provided in the LoI for the element Ze'ev was:

Ze'ev is from Encyclopedia Judaica, vol. 4, pg. 538; under the header Benjamin Ze'ev ben Mattathias of Arta who was a businessman from the early 16th century. A modern Hebrew dictionary gives Ze'ev as meaning "wolf".

Aryanhwy merch Catmael forwarded commentary regarding this name from Julie Stampnitzky:

<Ze'ev>: It's not clear that <Ze'ev> was used as a given name in period. In the example of <Benjamin Ze'ev>, it may be a literary alias. (See Academy of Saint Gabriel Report 1966 [http://www.s-gabriel.org/1966].) Note that <Benjamin Ze'ev> (or <Binyamin Ze'ev>, to give fully Hebrew form) can also be read as a Hebrew phrase meaning "Benjamin is a wolf"; this phrase occurs in the Bible, Genesis 49:27. Because of the Biblical reference, the double name <Binyamin Ze'ev> became popular post-period. On the other hand <Yosef Ze'ev> is not a meaningful combination. Even if the particular double name <Binyamin Ze'ev> was used in period, it doesn't necessarily show that <Ze'ev> would have been used in other combinations.

[...] <Yosef ben Ami> would be a fine early-period name."

Therefore, the only evidence we have of the use of Ze'ev in period is the cited example of it in the compound given name Benjamin Ze'ev which derives from a specific Biblical reference. (In a similar manner, the name Jean Baptiste derived from the Biblical reference to John the Baptist. Baptiste was not originally used as a given name on its own and would not have made sense when used in combination with a different given name at that time.) Lacking evidence that Ze'ev would have been used as a given name or byname on its own in period, or that it would have been used in a compound given name other than the cited Benjamin Ze'ev, the submitted combination Yosef Ze'ev is not registerable.

As the submitter allows any changes, we have dropped Ze'ev in order to register this name.

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK

ĆTHELMEARC

None.

AN TIR

Laurin of Rosewood. Badge. (Fieldless) On a rose argent barbed vert a cat sejant affronty sable.

Conflict with Rhys de Montfort, Vert, on a cinquefoil argent a pen fesswise sable. There is one CD for fieldlessness. Because there is no meaningful posture comparison between a cat and a pen, the only change to the group of charges on charges is the change of charge type. Because a rose is not a voidable charge, charges on a rose do not qualify for consideration under RfS X.4.j.ii. Changing the type only of tertiary charge is not worth difference under RfS X.4.j.i.

This does not conflict with the badge of Martin Luther, (Fieldless) A rose argent seeded of a heart gules charged with a Latin cross sable. There is one CD for fieldlessness. There is a second CD for changing the type and tincture of tertiary charge (from a black cat to a red heart). There is no additional difference for removal of the quaternary charge (the black cross on the red heart), as we do not give difference for addition, removal, or changes to quaternary charges.

ANSTEORRA

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Escroll Pursuivant.

The LoI stated that this title was being submitted as a heraldic title based on a charge. Brachet notes:

If an escroll is a ribbon with a motto on it then it is not an heraldic charge. Also we do not register ribbons, so this title will have to be returned.

Lacking evidence that this this title follows a period pattern for a heraldic title as required by RfS III.2.b.iii, this title is not registerable.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Open Scroll Pursuivant.

No documentation was presented and none was found to support [posture/position] [charge] as a period pattern for a heraldic title as required by RfS III.2.b.iii. Lacking such evidence, this title is not registerable.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Papyrus Scroll Pursuivant.

No documentation was presented and none was found to support [type of material] Scroll as a period pattern for a heraldic title as required by RfS III.2.b.iii. Lacking such evidence, this title is not registerable.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Parchment Scroll Pursuivant.

No documentation was presented and none was found to support [type of material] Scroll as a period pattern for a heraldic title as required by RfS III.2.b.iii. Lacking such evidence, this title is not registerable.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Vellum Scroll Pursuivant.

No documentation was presented and none was found to support [type of material] Scroll as a period pattern for a heraldic title as required by RfS III.2.b.iii. Lacking such evidence, this title is not registerable.

Arabella Mackinnon. Device. Azure, a cross of four mascles and a bend abased and cotised argent.

The field on this device was originally blazoned as argent. However, due to the nature of the discussion on the Letter of Intent, most of the College of Arms correctly deduced that the field was azure.

No documentation was presented for ordinaries which are both abased and cotised. Abased ordinaries are so rare in period armory that this treatment appears to be too far a departure from period heraldic style to be acceptable without documentation.

This does not conflict with Fallan of Hathyrwyk, Azure, on a bend cotised argent three thisles palewise proper, in chief a cross of four lozenges argent. There is one CD for removing the tertiary charges on the bend, and a second CD for the type difference between a cross of lozenges and a cross of mascles.

Charles the Grey of Mooneschadowe. Device. Argent, a tierce gules.

Conflict with Thomas of Red Square, Argent, a quarter gules. RfS X.4.a.i and X.4.a.ii lists the quarter as a peripheral charge for purposes of those rules. Peripheral charges may not be considered primary charges, so there is one CD for changing the type of peripheral charge, but not sufficient difference under RfS X.2.

Note that the only listing of peripheral charges in the Rules for Submission is in RfS X.4.a. Previous precedents have used these definitions in a wider sense than for that specific rule. So, even though we are here considering the question of what is a peripheral charge (and therefore not primary) for purposes of RfS X.2 rather than RfS X.4.a, it seems appropriate to be guided by the listing of peripheral charges in RfS X.4.a.

We apologize to the submitter for not mentioning this conflict at the time of the previous return, but the College of Arms did not bring it to our attention at that time. The Laurel office has been known to give the benefit of the doubt to a submission when a possible problem was not mentioned in the previous return, but was present in the previous submission and was clearly visible to Laurel when viewing the submission. Such a "clearly visible" problem could include possible problems with the artwork of the submission or the general heraldic style of the submission. Unmentioned conflicts are not clearly visible to Laurel and thus do not fall into this category.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the Barony of the Eldern Hills, Argent, a mountain of three peaks issuant from base gules.

Rundel, Canton of. Name.

This name was withdrawn by Kingdom.

ATENVELDT

Dmitri Kazimirovich and Tatiana Gordeevna Kazimirova. Household name Dom Kazimira.

This submission was documented as the Russian translation of the phrase House of Kazimir. However, no evidence was presented that Dom was a term used to describe a group of people in period Russia. In addition, no evidence was presented as to how household names in Russian might be formed from personal names; it is unclear whether they would use the given name, a patronymic form, a byname, or some other kind of element. Barring such evidence, this household name cannot be registered.

CAID

Angels, Barony of the. Badge. (Fieldless) Two wings conjoined in lure surmounted by a sword Or the blade enflamed gules.

Conflict with Brand Armand of Lancaster, Gules, a winged sword Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness. There is no additional difference for enflaming the blade of the sword. There is also no difference for whether the wingtips of the displayed wings are elevated or inverted. We expect that the same policies that apply to displayed wings on displayed birds should apply to displayed wings on winged objects:

An examination of the development of the various heraldic eagles shows that the direction of the wingtips of a displayed eagle is entirely a matter of artistic license. To avoid incorrectly limiting the submitter's ability to display the arms in reasonable period variants, we will no longer specify "elevated" and "inverted" when blazoning displayed birds. (LoAR August 2001)

Angels, Barony of the. Order name Order of the Halo.

No documentation was presented and none was found that halo was used as a word in English in period. Further, no evidence was found that Order of the Halo follows a pattern of period orders and awards as required by RfS III.2.b.II. Due to both of these problems, this name must be returned.

Broinninn nic an Ghabhann. Name.

The given name Broinninn was documented from Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 38 s.n. Broinnfind), which gives this as the name of the sister of one saint and the mother of another. No other evidence was found that this name was used by humans in period. As such, it falls afoul of the precedent:

Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 46 s.n. Cassair) gives this as the name of a holy virgin included in the legend of Saint Kevin. No evidence has been found that this name was used by humans in period. Names of saints are registerable, regardless of whether they are apocryphal or not. This policy is due to the practice in many cultures (though not in Gaelic) of naming children for saints. (For more details, see the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR.) As Cassair was not herself a saint and the name has not been documented as having been otherwise used in period, it falls into the category of a legendary name and is not registerable. [Cassair Warwick, 02/02, R-Atlantia]

Lacking evidence that Broinninn was used by humans in period, or that it was the name of a saint (and so would be registerable under the guidelines for registerability of saints' names), this name is not registerable.

The next question is whether Broinninn should be considered SCA-compatible as was the case with Aislinn:

The question was raised whether Aislinn was a medieval name, and if not, whether it should be considered SCA compatible. While evidence suggests that the name is post-period, the name has been registered over 30 times in the past two decades, with at least one registration each year save one. This suggests that the name is commonly enough used to be considered SCA compatible. [Aislinn inghean an Shionnach, 08/00, A-Meridies]

In the case of Broinninn, this name has been registered only eight times: in the forms Broinnfind (twice in 1993, 1999), Broinnfinn (2001), and Broinninn (1996, 1997, 1999, 2002). While this shows some recent popularity of the name, it does not demonstrate the same level of popularity shown in Aislinn. Therefore, it is not SCA-compatible.

The submitted byname nic an Ghabhann combines nic, which is a Scots (a language closely related to English) rendering of the Gaelic inghean mhic, with an Ghabhann, which is Gaelic. This combination of Scots and Gaelic in a single name phrase violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a single name phrase. Forms of this byname appropriate for Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) are inghean mhic an Ghabhann and inghean mhic an Ghobhann.

Eiríkr Mj{o,}ksiglandi Sigurđarson. Badge. (Fieldless) A drakkar under sail gules its sail charged with a phoenix Or.

This submission raised the question about whether it was possible to charge the sail of a ship in SCA armory. The submitter quoted extensive past precedent which indicated that charged sails on ships in period heraldry appeared to be displays of independent coats of arms. The precedents then stated that a charged sail, as a display of an independent coat of arms, appeared to be an inescutcheon of pretense, and thus was not registerable under the rules for that forbid use of inescutcheons of pretense (now RfS XI.4). The submitter indicates that, due to the most recent change to RfS XI.4, a charged sail would no longer appear to be an inescutcheon of pretense and should thus be acceptable.

The submitter is correct that under the current version of RfS XI.4, a charged sail would not appear to be an inescutcheon of pretense. However, this does not negate the research in the previous precedents (and supported by the College of Arms when they commented on this submission) which showed that charged sails appear to be independent displays of armory.

Because a charged sail appears to be an independent display of armory, it should be treated analogously to other armorial elements which might appear to include an independent display of armory. The most obvious analogous case is that of a flag or banner used as an armorial element. Precedent states: "Charged banners [even if only maintained] are checked for conflict against already registered armory" (LoAR May 1999, p. 12). Therefore, it seems appropriate to rule that a charged sail must be checked for conflict against already registered armory.

The armory on this sail appears to be Gules, a phoenix Or. This conflicts with Colin Tyndall de ffrayser, Gules, a phoenix within a double tressure Or, with one CD for removing the double tressure.

Fionnabhair inghean Thighearnaigh. Name.

No documentation was provided, and none could be found, that the feminine given name Fionnabhair was used outside of legend. Lacking evidence that it was used by humans in period, it is not registerable.

Additionally, in Gaelic, T does not lenite if the previous word ends in an n. Therefore, inghean Tighearnaigh is the grammatically correct form of this byname.

Kaires the Healer. Name and device. Per saltire gules and azure, a saltire sable fimbriated argent.

Kaires is the third name of the submitter's legal name (which has four elements). As it is not her first name, it is considered a middle name. Middle names are registerable by type: if it is structurally a given name it can be used as a given name, but if it is structurally a surname it can only be used as a surname. The College found evidence of Kaires as a surname, but none for Kaires as a given name. Therefore, the submitter may register Kaires as a surname, but not as a given name.

The documentation provided for the byname the Healer on the LoI was: "The [Oxford English Dictionary], p. 1273, dates this spelling of the word with the intended meaning to 1611." The OED (s.n. Healer) dates several uses of the word healer to period. However, this entry specifically states that the early use for this term was as a word meaning 'Saviour'. Of the period examples of healer given in this entry in the OED, only one seems to use healer in a context other than 'Saviour': "c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 {gh}ef he hefde on his moder ibroken hire meidenhad, ne mihte nawiht brekere bon icloped helere." Talan Gwynek provided a translation for this entry: "If he has broken his mother's maidenhead, the breaker may in no way be called a healer."

Therefore, the main use of the word healer in period is as a synonym for Saviour and calling a person the Healer in period would typically have been interpreted as calling them the Saviour, a claim which violates RfS VI.2 "Names Claiming Powers", which states that "Names containing elements that allude to powers that the submitter does not possess are considered presumptuous."

Regarding the modern meaning "One who heals (wounds, diseases, the sick, etc.); a leach, doctor; also, one who heals spiritual infirmities" (OED, s.n. Healer), this is, at best, a rare meaning for healer in period and no evidence has been found that healer was used as an occupational byname in period. As such, the submitted byname the Healer falls into the same category as Oakencask, which appears in the precedent:

Since the Oxford English Dictionary first dates the term cask to the middle of the 16th century, and there are period descriptive names for barrelmakers, such as Tunn/Tunnewrytte, we find Oakencask highly unlikely. [James Oakencask the Just, 06/99, R-Atenveldt]

As there are documented period descriptive bynames for people who practiced medicine (see Reaney & Wilson s.nn. Barber, Blood, Dubbedent, Farmery, Leach, Leachman, Letcher, Myer, Nurse, Pestel, Physick, Sucker, Surgenor, Surgeon), and the primary meaning of healer in period was as a synonym for Saviour, this byname is highly unlikely to have been used in period. Therefore, as with the example of Oakencask cited above, this byname is not registerable.

As there have only been 5 registrations of the byname the Healer (with the last being in 1988), this byname does not have the same level of popularity as other bynames such as the Wanderer necessary for an element to be SCA compatible.

The device conflicts with Nesta Gwilt, Per saltire gules and sable, a saltire counterchanged fimbriated argent. Nesta's device could be blazoned equivalently as Per saltire gules and sable, a saltire argent charged with a saltire per saltire sable and gules. Kaires' device could equivalently be blazoned as Per saltire gules and azure, a saltire argent charged with a saltire sable. We need to compare these armories under any of the reasonable blazons that might be applied to the armory, since "you cannot 'blazon your way out of' a conflict" (LoAR February 2000). When comparing Nesta's and Kaires' devices under these equivalent blazons, we find that there is one CD for changing the field, but there is not a second CD for changing only half the tincture of the color saltire charging the argent saltire under RfS X.4.a.i.

Katerina Winter of Graystoke. Device. Vert, a bend sinister between a falcon contourny and an oak leaf bendwise sinister argent.

The device conflicts with Wilhelm der Krieger, Vert, a bend sinister between two foxes heads erased argent. There is only one CD for changing the type of secondary charges.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the veining on the leaf less prominently.

Mary Taran of Glastonbury. Badge. (Fieldless) A Glastonbury thorn blossom proper.

The Glastonbury thorn blossom in this submission is a five-petalled flower with a close resemblance to a heraldic rose. Each petal is a streaky pink on the inside of the petal and white on the outside of the petal with some slight shading between the pink and white, and somewhat jagged edges to the pink area. The flower has red barbs (sepals) showing between the petals. The submitter's registered device is, Azure, goutty d'Or, on a bend argent a Glastonbury thorn twig blossoming proper. The Letter of Intent stated:

The flower is pink shading to white at the edges; the thorns are red. We believe this matches the charge on her device (Glastonbury thorn twig blossoming proper) and it is thus grandfathered to her. This is clear of [Fieldless] A Tudor rose, with a CD for fieldless and another for tincture. By the same reasoning, this should be clear of both York, [Fieldless] A rose argent and of Lancaster, [Fieldless] A rose gules.

To address these points in turn:

The Letter of Intent's description of the appearance of the flower is largely correct, although the shading between pink and white is minimal as stated above. As an additional note, the flower in this submission is about three-quarters pink and one-quarter white.

The Laurel file copy of her device consists of a black and white outline drawing with the tinctures of the charges tricked in. The flowers on the Glastonbury thorn twig are tricked as "pink". Based on other submissions from a similar time frame (January 1974), it is entirely possible that no color submission form exists, and that only the tricked version was ever submitted. In any case, the Laurel office is not currently in possession of a colored-in form from the time of her original registration. She also had a badge submission, Azure, goutty d'Or, a Glastonbury hawthorne blossom proper, barbed gules, which was returned in August 1989. The Laurel office does have a color version of the returned badge emblazon, where the flower is solid pink. The return stated:

As the letter of intent indicates, the flower is pink. Shades of pink are generally blazoned as gules (and, indeed, horticultural books show this flower in several shades of gules) so this is colour on colour.

Because the flower in this submission is not solid pink, it neither matches the description of the flower in her tricked device emblazon, nor does it match the equivalently blazoned flower in her returned badge. We therefore cannot consider this to be a grandfathered depiction of the flower in her device.

It does seem reasonable to grandfather the use of a Glastonbury thorn flower, as in the submitter's device, to the submitter. Without the Laurel files being updated with a good color copy of Mary Taran of Glastonbury's original form (should such a form have existed), we will assume that the grandfathered flower is a solid pink color.

This badge conflicts with the protected badge of the House of Tudor, (Fieldless) A Tudor rose. There is one CD for fieldlessness. A Tudor rose is defined as a rose which is red and white. It can be depicted in a number of different ways. One of the depictions of a Tudor rose is of a white rose charged with a red rose. Such a rose would appear much like a five-petalled flower where the outside of the petals were white, and the inside of the petals were red. Changing the inside of the petals from red to pink and adding some shading at the edges of the color demarcation is not sufficient tincture difference from a Tudor rose to be worth a second CD for tincture change.

We at this time decline to rule on whether an all-pink flower would be given difference from either a red rose or a white rose, and the associated conflict questions concerning the Houses of Lancaster and York as mentioned in the Letter of Intent.

Ognar de Lyondemere. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C French. The documentation provided for Ognar on the LoI was:

The submitter supplied no documentation in support of the given name. We are able to construct Ognar from Searle. The protheme Og-, middle element -n- and deuterotheme -ar are found on pages 365, 357, and 72 respectively.

Unfortunately, there are problems with the construction of Ognar as a hypothecized Old English name. Siren explains:

First, <-n-> doesn't mean what they think it means. The entry refers you to <-h->, where Searle comments that this letter is "often omitted, as in...." I see no reason to think that <-n-> means anything else. In addition, <-ar> appears to be a deuterotheme used only in a single name, <Wulfar>, which Searle believes to be a worn down form of <Wulfgar>. So, this construction won't work. In Anglo-Saxon, there are related constructions, like <Ognath> or <Ogmar>, or alternately the Old Norse <Agnarr>.

Lacking evidence that Ognar is a plausible name in period, it is not registerable.

Starkhafn, Barony of. Guild name Guild of the Gilded Spoon.

No documentation was presented and none was found that Gilded would have been used as an adjective in a construction (including a sign name) that could be used as a model for a guild name. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable.

Starkhafn, Barony of. Badge. Per bend sable and checky argent and azure a mullet of eight points argent.

Conflict with a badge of the barony of Rivenstar, Azure, a riven star argent. There is one CD for changing the field. There is no difference between a rivenstar and a compass star by previous precedent: ". . .nor is there a CD between a compass star and a riven star" (LoAR of April 2001). There is no difference for the change of location on the field, as the argent mullet may not overlie the checky argent and azure portion of the field in the Starkhafn submission. The mullet is therefore "forced" to lie on the sable portion of the field by the design of the field, and the star's move from the center of the field is therefore not worth difference under RfS X.4.g.

A possible conflict was called with the trademark of Maersk Shipping, described by the commenter calling the conflict as Bleu-celeste a mullet of seven points argent. In searching the U.S. Patent and Trademark database under "Maersk" (at http://www.uspto.gov/), it is not entirely clear whether the argent mullet (on some field) is trademarked on its own, or only when the artwork is in conjunction with the name of the firm. If the argent seven-pointed mullet on a blue field is indeed protected on its own (without the name of the firm), there will be a conflict, with one CD for changing the field, no difference for the change between a seven- and eight-pointed mullet, and no difference (as with the Barony of Rivenstar) for moving the mullet on the field because the change in location is forced.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EALDORMERE

Jean de Beauvoir. Device. Per saltire argent semy-de-lys sable and azure.

Conflict with Bohémond le Sinistre, Argent semy-de-lys sable. There is only one CD for changing the field.

Johan de Foderingeye. Device. Per pale argent and azure, an oak branch fructed counterchanged.

Conflict with Daniel of Glenmor, Per pale argent and azure, a pine tree counterchanged. Precedent indicates that a tree branch is not significantly different from a tree of the same type: "Conflict with ... Argent, an oak branch eradicated gules, with one CD for the addition of the flaunches, but by prior precedent nothing for the difference between a branch and a tree" (LoAR of March 1994, p. 17). In this emblazon, it is certainly apparent that the branch approximates a tree in shape. Because the oak branch in this submission is effectively an oak tree, the comparison between Johan's and Daniel's devices is effectively a comparison between an oak tree and a pine tree. As a result, there is one CD for significant change in type of tree between oak and pine, but not substantial difference under X.2.

EAST

Darius Serpentius. Name change from Johan Kronenwache.

This submission is being returned for lack of documentation of the element Serpentius. The LoI documented Serpentius as, "A cognomen, intended to mean 'snakelike' ('Repertorium nominum gentilium et cognominum Latinorum', by Heokko Solin & Ollu Salomies)". However, no photocopies were provided from this source. The cited source is not included in Administrative Handbook Appendix H, "Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel". Lacking the required photocopies, this documentation is insufficient to support the element Serpentius.

Isabella d'Allaines-le-Comte. Device. Vert, three seeblatter Or.

The device conflicts with Annabella of Lochwinnoch, registered January 2003, Purpure, three hearts Or. There is one CD for changing the field. Prior precedent gives no difference between a heart and a seeblatt: "[Quarterly azure and vert, a heart Or] Conflict with ... A seeblatt Or. There is a CD for the fieldlessness, but by current precedent none for the change in type of the charges. There are period arms that are blazoned both as having hearts and as having seeblatter (see the May 1993 LoAR pg. 17 for the full discussion)" (LoAR of May 2000).

LOCHAC

Lochac, Kingdom of. Badge. (Fieldless) A mantle gules, lined and charged on the sinister breast with a mullet of six points argent.

The submission was originally pended in February 2003 to allow further discussion on the possible offensiveness of this item.

We discussed this badge during the Laurel road show meeting at KWHS 2003, which gave a greater sampling of College of Arms members, local heralds, and non-heralds. For many in this group this was the first contact with this item, which gave us a set of first impressions to judge by. The mantle charged with a star was generally considered evocative of the garments marked with a six-pointed star that were required for Jews under Nazi Germany. Based on the discussion at the meeting, the badge is being returned.

We would like to note that if someone wore a red mantle which was lined in white and charged on the sinister breast with a mullet of six points argent, it would not appear to be a correct heraldic display of this badge. It would appear to be a heraldic display of (Fieldless) A mullet of six points argent displayed on an order cloak. One correct heraldic display of (Fieldless) A mantle gules, lined and charged on the sinister breast with a mullet of six points argent would be to create an enamelled pin in the shape of the charged mantle. Another correct display would be to make a flag and put a picture of the charged mantle on the flag.

MERIDIES

Auriana Maria Ravenstein. Badge. Per fess with a left step gules and sable, in dexter chief a seeblatt Or.

Conflict with a badge of Karl von Schattenburg, (Fieldless) a seeblatt Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness. There is no difference for changing the position/location of a charge on the field when comparing it to a fieldless badge.

This does not conflict with a badge of the Barony of Caerthe, for the Gilded Leaf of Caerthe, Sable, an aspen leaf inverted Or. There is one CD for changing the field. Since an aspen leaf is not a period heraldic charge, the difference between an aspen leaf inverted and a seeblatt must be determined on visual grounds per RfS X.4.e. There is sufficient visual difference between these two charges for a CD. A seeblatt is a heart-shaped leaf with the tip of the leaf to the base of the shield, and with some sort of notch (often, but not always, trefoil-shaped) taken out of the part of the leaf which is to chief. An aspen leaf inverted is also a leaf with the tip of the leaf to the base of the shield, but it has a very distinct stem issuant to chief rather than a notch removed from the leaf.

Dana the Quarrier. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, a cross moline throughout sable between in bend a mullet and a bear's paw print argent.

RfS XI.3 states:

Divisions commonly used for marshalling, such as quarterly or per pale, may only be used in contexts that ensure marshalling is not suggested.

The rule continues in subsection (a):

a. Such fields may be used with identical charges over the entire field, or with complex lines of partition or charges overall that were not used for marshalling in period heraldry.

This piece of armory consists of a quarterly field (a division commonly used for marshalling) which does not have "identical charges over the entire field." This raises the question of whether a cross moline throughout should be considered a "charge overall that [was] not used for marshalling in period heraldry." Precedent indicates that "crosses throughout, crosses paty [sic: now called formy] throughout, [and] crosses engrailed throughout were in marshalled arms [as charges overlying the quarterly line of division]" (LoAR March 1994 p.10). Precedent also indicates that crosses couped (LoAR March 1994 p.10) and crosses flory (not throughout) (LoAR June 2000) were not used in marshalled arms as charges overlying the quarterly line of division.

The College generally felt that, based on the previous precedent and the discussion of period marshalling in the commentary, the following precedent should be set:

PRECEDENT: A cross throughout which overlies the line of division on a quarterly field does not remove the appearance of marshalling by quartering, even if the cross throughout is treated with a complex line (such as engrailed) or has complex ends (such as formy or moline.) A cross which is not throughout, or which does not overlie the quarterly line of division (such as a Tau cross), will remove the appearance of marshalling unless evidence is presented that the cross under discussion was used for marshalling in period heraldry.

Because the cross moline in this submission is throughout and overlies the quarterly line of division, it does not remove the appearance of marshalling by quartering in this submission.

Please advise the submitter that the quarterly field should be drawn so that it "fills in" the notches in the ends of the cross moline.

Talorgen mac Brudi. Device. Vert, an alder tree eradicated and in base two dice in fess Or marked sable.

The device is returned for redrawing. The dice in this emblazon are drawn with an edge towards the viewer. "While dice were drawn in perspective, the known period examples depicted them face forward, rather than edge forward. This minimizes the effect of perspective. Therefore, we must return this device for redrawing" (LoAR April 2000).

Please also advise the submitter that his emblazon depicts a standard round-shaped tree. An alder tree is a taller thinner tree (listed in the Armorial and Ordinary under "Tree-Elongated Shape"). If the submitter wishes to blazon his tree as an alder tree, he should draw it with an elongated shape. Otherwise, it will be blazoned as a generic tree.

MIDDLE

Nikolai of Trakai. Badge change. Vert, two arrows inverted in saltire Or surmounted by a tower argent.

Conflict with a badge of Border Vale Keep (registered in April 1985), Vert, two swords in saltire Or surmounted by a stone tower, the top enflamed, proper. Both pieces of armory are effectively a single group (a sheaf) of three charges. The only change to the group of three charges is the change to two-thirds of the type of the charge group (swords to arrows), which is one CD by RfS X.4.e. As an alternate interpretation, if we consider the arrows and swords to be respective primary charge groups, and the overall towers to be respective overall charge groups, armory using an overall charge is not eligible for RfS X.2 because it is not simple: "For purposes of [RfS X.2], simple armory is defined as armory that has no more than two types of charge directly on the field and has no overall charges". Thus, there is one CD for changing the type of primary charges (from arrows to swords) but no further difference.

The tower in this submission is topped by a sizeable brown conical roof that is somewhere between one-third and one-quarter of the height of the entire charge. The College was not able to comment on whether this argent tower with a brown conical roof is an acceptable artistic variant of an argent tower, because the brown roof was not described on the Letter of Intent. We at this time decline to rule on whether an argent tower with this sort of brown conical roof is an acceptable artistic variant of an argent tower.

The submitter registered a badge in August 1994, Vert, two arrows inverted in saltire surmounted by a tower Or. The Letter of Intent states that the submitter believes that his original badge submission was the one described in this submission rather than the version with all Or charges which was registered in August 1994. For his information, we checked the Laurel office file copy of his badge form, and it clearly shows that in the 1994 submission, all the charges on the form are Or.

SOCIETY FOR CREATIVE ANACHRONISM

None.

TRIMARIS

Bodo Estordet. Device. Vert, in pale a sun and a chevron inverted couped Or.

Conflict with Gordon MacBlayr de Galowaye, Vert, in pale a compass star and a lamp Or, enflamed at the tip proper. There is one CD for changing half the primary charge group from a lamp to a chevron inverted couped. No difference is given between suns and compass stars by copious and long-standing precedent.

Brygyt d'Arcy of Glen Meara. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Brygyt d'Arcy of Glen Meara, this name was submitted as Brighid d'Arcy of Glen Meara. The submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C Irish and allowed minor changes.

Brighid is found as a header in Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 36 s.n. Brigit). It is the Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form and is registerable as a saint's name. Lacking evidence that this name was used in Ireland in period except as the names of saints, it is not authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. As changing the language of Brighid from Gaelic to the English form Brygyt is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, we have returned this element to the submitted form Brighid when registering her holding name.

Glen Meara was submitted as an invented locative byname. No documentation was provided for this element in the LoI and Kingdom requested help from the CoA in finding support for this name element. The closest the College was able to come was to find support for placenames in Ireland that had the form Gleann [genitive lenited form of a masculine given name]: for example, Gleann Charthaigh 'Carthach's glen'. Woulfe (p. 614 s.n. Ó Meadhra) gives the meaning of this name as 'descendant of Meadhair' and dates the Anglicized Irish form O Mary to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. In this entry, O'Meara is given as a modern Anglicized form of this name. It was theorized that Glen Meara could be an Anglicized form of a place named Gleann Mheadhair in Gaelic. However, no evidence was found that Meara is a period form, either in Gaelic or in Anglicized Irish. Further, not all Irish family names derive from given names. In this case, Meadhair means 'mirth' and likely originated as a descriptive byname. Lacking evidence of its use as a given name, it does not fit the pattern of Gleann [genitive lenited form of a masculine given name]. If evidence were found of Meadhair as a masculine given name, that would support a hypothetical Gaelic placename of Gleann Mheadhair. Based on period examples, a corresponding period Anglicized Irish form would be Glenmary.

As no support was found for Glen Meara as a plausible placename in period, and the submitter allows no major changes, we are unable to drop this element in order to register this name.

Her armory was registered under the holding name Brighid of Darkwater.

Cicilia of Falkeburn. Household name Khara Luus Ordu.

This submission is being returned for use of Ordu 'Horde' as a designator in a household name, which has been ruled presumptuous:

Additionally, no support was found that a word meaning 'Horde' would not be presumptuous as a designator for a household name. The modern normalized terms Mongol Horde and Golden Horde both refer to period groups of people that were the size of a nation. Lacking evidence that a word meaning 'Horde' would be used to refer to a smaller group of people, it is inappropriate for use as a household name. We would not register Duchy of [placename] as a household name because it is an explicit claim of rank by the owner of the household name and, so, violates RfS VI.1 "Names Claiming Rank". Similarly, without documentation supporting use of a word meaning 'Horde' for groups smaller than a nation, use of a word meaning 'Horde' as the designator in a household name is an explicit claim of rank in the same way as Duchy, violating RfS VI.1. [Gülüg-jab Tangghudai, 04/2002, R-East]

As no evidence was found to demonstrate that the use of Ordu is not presumptuous, this precedent is still valid.

Iohne of Northumberland. Name.

This name conflicts with John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland (c. 1502-1553). He has an entry both in the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica and the online Encyclopedia Brittanica; the latter describes him as "virtual ruler of England from 1549 to 1553, during the minority of King Edward VI." As such, he is clearly important enough to protect.

In this case, the submitted name conflicts with John, Duke of Northumberland, which is a common form used to refer to this man. RfS V.1.c reads:

Protected historical personal names are protected in all of the forms in which they commonly appear. Charlemagne, which becomes Carolus Magnus in Latin and Karl der Grosse in German, is protected in all three forms.

Longstanding precedent says that John, Duke of Northumberland would conflict with John of Northumberland, of which Iohne of Northumberland is a variant.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Iohne of Darkwater.

Iustina Bryennissa. Device. Argent, a natural tiger's head cabossed argent marked azure and on a chief embattled sable three mullets argent.

The natural tiger's head was originally blazoned as azure. However, it is argent with azure details and outlines. The mostly argent charge has no contrast with the argent field and must be returned for that reason.

WEST

Genevieve de Calais. Device. Ermine, on a chevron engrailed between three Maltese crosses gules a rose Or.

The ermine spots in the full-sized emblazon had identifiability problems. The spots were very numerous and small, and many of the spots were hampered further in their identifiability by being partially obscured by the chevron engrailed and the Maltese crosses. This lack of identifiability can be a reason for return under RfS VIII.3, which states in pertinent part "Identifiable elements may be rendered unidentifiable by significant reduction in size ... or by being obscured by other elements of the design."

Unfortunately, because there was a significant discrepancy between the artwork in the full-sized emblazon and the mini-emblazon provided to the College of Arms in the Letter of Intent, we were unable to get the College's input on this armorial style problem. The mini-emblazon illustrated the ermine field with 20 ermine spots, none of which were obscured by other charges in the armory. The full-sized emblazon shows 60 full or partially obscured ermine spots, each of which was much smaller proportionally than the ermine spots on the mini-emblazon. Usually we would rely heavily on the College's input to determine whether the ermine spots were in fact too unidentifiable to be registered under RfS VIII.3, or whether the submission's identifiability was sufficient to enable it to be registered, with an artistic note to the submitter to draw fewer, larger, and less obscured ermine spots.

A significant discrepancy between the full-sized and mini-emblazon can be reason for return in itself, and is certainly a reason for return when the mini-emblazon's depiction masks a significant style issue with the armory on the full-sized emblazon. The Administrative Handbook requirements for preparation of letters of intent state that "An accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory shall be included on the letter of intent." The Cover Letter for the April 2002 LoAR stated:

In the last few months, there have been cases where the mini-emblazon included with the Letter of Intent did not accurately represent the emblazon on the submission form. If the emblazon does not match the form, the CoA cannot produce useful commentary, which in turn does not allow a decision on that item. The CoA has enough to review without commenting on the "wrong" item. A mismatch between the LoI emblazon and what is on the submission form can be reason for administrative return. If you produce LoIs, please double-check that the mini-emblazons on your letters are a good representation of the emblazons on the submission forms.

Photoreduction is recommended over redrawing. Scanning can be used with care. Many complaints have been received about mini-emblazons which were produced by scanning at inappropriate settings, rendering elements of the armory invisible or otherwise unidentifiable.

Please also advise the submitter to draw fewer and larger engrailings on the chevron.

Mists, Principality of. Badge. Argent, a sea-wolf vert within a bordure engrailed azure.

Conflict with Dominic MacNamara, Argent, a fish-tailed demi-dog vert maintaining a Celtic cross gules and a chief invected azure. There is one CD for changing the chief to a bordure, but no difference for removing the small held Celtic cross, and no type difference between a sea-wolf and a fish-tailed demi-dog The two charges are effectively identical, except that the dog portions of Dominic's sea-creature have been replaced with the wolf portions of the Mists' sea-creature.

West, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Ferret Pursuivant.

No documentation was submitted for this name at all. The LoI simply stated that this title was: "previously registered to the West and released in December '93. We now wish to re-register [it]."

Items that are released and resubmitted fall into the category of new submissions. The Grandfather Clause does not apply since the items are no longer registered. Such items must be redocumented when they are resubmitted, just as if they were a new submission.

In this case, the issue is moot, as this name conflicts with Ferret Herald, which was registered to Trimaris in May 2002.

Yosef ben Ami. Device. Per pale azure and gules, a wolf's head cabossed and in chief two gouttes argent.

On the full-sized emblazon, it is not clear whether this submission consists of a primary charge of a wolf's head cabossed and two secondary goutes in chief (blazoned Per pale azure and gules, a wolf's head cabossed and in chief two gouttes argent), or if the gouttes and the wolf's head are co-primary charges arranged two and one (which would be blazoned Per pale azure and gules, two gouttes and a wolf's head cabossed argent). The difference between these two designs is not merely academic: the two designs are treated differently when considering conflict.

In the full-sized emblazon, the wolf's head is only somewhat larger than the gouttes. Since it is not uncommon in either period or SCA heraldry for the bottommost of a group of three charges two and one to be larger than the top two charges, this small size difference does not help clarify the nature of the armory. The wolf's head is also a bit higher on the field than is customary for the bottommost of three charges two and one, but not so much so that the ambiguity in interpreting the emblazon is removed. This ambiguity violates RfS VII.7.b, which states in pertinent part, "Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon."

Unfortunately, because there was a significant discrepancy between the artwork in the full-sized emblazon and the mini-emblazon provided to the College of Arms in the Letter of Intent, we were unable to get the College's input on this armorial style problem. In the mini-emblazon provided to the College of Arms, the emblazon clearly depicted a primary wolf's head with secondary gouttes. In particular, the wolf's head was drawn much larger proportionally to the gouttes in the mini-emblazon than it was in the full-sized emblazon. Usually we would rely heavily on the College's input to determine whether the artwork in the submission was too ambiguous to be registered or whether it could legitimately be registered with instructions to the submitter on how to draw the emblazon more clearly.

A significant discrepancy between the full-sized and mini-emblazon can be reason for return in itself, and is certainly a reason for return when the mini-emblazon's depiction masks a significant style issue with the armory on the full-sized emblazon. The Administrative Handbook requirements for preparation of letters of intent state that "An accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory shall be included on the letter of intent." The Cover Letter for the April 2002 LoAR stated:

In the last few months, there have been cases where the mini-emblazon included with the Letter of Intent did not accurately represent the emblazon on the submission form. If the emblazon does not match the form, the CoA cannot produce useful commentary, which in turn does not allow a decision on that item. The CoA has enough to review without commenting on the "wrong" item. A mismatch between the LoI emblazon and what is on the submission form can be reason for administrative return. If you produce LoIs, please double-check that the mini-emblazons on your letters are a good representation of the emblazons on the submission forms.

Photoreduction is recommended over redrawing. Scanning can be used with care. Many complaints have been received about mini-emblazons which were produced by scanning at inappropriate settings, rendering elements of the armory invisible or otherwise unidentifiable.


Created at 2003-09-14T20:09:35