THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED
ÆTHELMEARC
Æthelmearc, Kingdom of. Badge. (Fieldless) A demi-escarbuncle argent. 
Aminah bint al-Megal'lid. Name change from holding name Aminah of Nithgaard. 
Drogo Rabenwald. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Elina Einarsdottir and James Ahearn. Household name Haus Lindau and joint badge. Ermine, a cross formy gules and a chief embattled sable. 
We have received correspondence from the submitters adding James Ahearn's name to the household name registration.
Finn Folhare. Badge. (Fieldless) A comedy mask per pale ermine and gules. 
Geneviève Beauchamps. Name and device. Gules, a rose Or between three rabbits courant contourny in annulo one and two argent. 
Kateline atte Well. Name. 
Good name!
Magariki Katsuichi. Badge. (Fieldless) A demi-sun gules within and issuant from a mascle argent. 
Pádraig Ó Cillín. Name. 
Rowan Blackthorne. Name and device. Sable, on a bend wavy between two stag's massacres argent a rowan branch fructed vert. 
Tatyana Kushina. Name and device. Argent, a domestic cat's head cabossed and on a chief azure three fleurs-de-lys argent. 
AN TIR
Aíbinn ingen Shenáin hui Néill. Device. Purpure, on a bend between two butterflies Or three pheons inverted palewise sable. 
Annor de Walton. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and vert, a bend sinister and in base a demi-fleur-de-lys Or. 
Good name!
Arthur Buchanan. Name. 
Bora Gan. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Dáire inghean Chearbhaill. Name and device. Or, a dog statant and a chief invected purpure. 
Effrick McBryd. Name. 
Eleanor of Saint Bunstable. Holding name and device. Per bend azure and argent, two needles bendwise counterchanged. 
The name under which this submission was listed, Eleanor Ashling, was returned in July 2003.
Francesca Testarossa de' Martini. Device change. Sable, a horse's head couped and a chief Or. 
Some commentary suggested that the head be blazoned in some fashion other than the default couped because it was "not couped in the usual horizontal manner." We direct the College to the Cover Letter of the November 2001 LoAR, which discusses period treatments of both couped and erased in some detail. Regarding the form of couped found in this emblazon, the cover letter states that one of the period depictions was "a straight line... [which could be] parallel to the side of the shield." Because Francesca's horse's head is a primary charge, drawn to fill the space, the bottom of the horse's head and neck is near the sinister base portion of the shield. The angle of the side of the shield in sinister base is approximately bendwise sinister, and the couping of the horse's head in this emblazon is roughly parallel to that sinister base portion of the side of the shield. Thus, this is a period form of couping, and it is not necessary to describe it further in blazon.
Her previous device, Sable, a horse's head couped and a point pointed Or, is released.
Francesca Testarossa de' Martini. Badge change. (Fieldless) A triangular trivet gules. 
The submitter's previous badge, (Fieldless) A horse's head issuant from a chevron inverted couped Or, is released.
Francesca Testarossa de' Martini. Badge. (Fieldless) A triangular trivet Or. 
Gemma Meen. Device. Purpure, on a tower argent a dog rampant purpure. 
The tower was originally blazoned as argent masoned sable. This depiction is acceptable artistic license for a tower argent: as stated in the LoAR of August 1992, "As with all charges of stonework, the masoning is an artistic detail worth no difference." The submitter did not blazon the masoning explicitly on the submission form, so we have removed it from the blazon.
Helga lómr. Name and device. Argent, a loon naiant contourny sable and a ford proper. 
The loon was originally blazoned as sable marked argent, but it is predominantly sable on the color emblazon. The depiction of this loon on the mini-emblazon included details that closely resemble the markings of the black and white bird that the Americans call a Common Loon and the British call a Great Northern Diver, but most of the details that would be white in a naturalistic depiction of this species were tinctured sable in the color emblazon. If we blazon this loon as sable marked argent, it would likely be drawn by an artist as a naturalistic loon/diver, and would then have too many argent markings against the argent field to have acceptable contrast. We have thus blazoned the loon as sable. Per the LoAR of March 2000, concerning an orca proper (black and white) on an argent field, "The argent portions of the orca cannot be placed on an argent field." The same constraints apply to a Common Loon in its natural colors.
This device is clear of conflict with the Riding of Ravenslake, Argent, a raven contourny sable between in chief two laurel wreaths azure, a ford proper. There is one CD for removing the laurel wreaths. No evidence has been presented or found indicating that a loon is a charge found in period heraldry. Thus, per RfS X.4.e, we must determine the type difference between a raven and a loon on visual grounds. A loon is similar to a duck, except that it has a thin pointed bill rather than a duck-bill. The visual difference between the loon and the raven merits significant difference and thus the necessary second CD.
This device is also clear of Kathren of Sandesward, Argent, a legless quail close to sinister reguardant sable. There is one CD for adding the ford. Per the LoAR of March 2002, "Quails are round birds, shaped much more like a hen than like a corbie... The European quail, like the quail in Kathren's badge, has a round body. However, it is worth noting that the quail in Kathren's badge is distinctly a California or Gambel's quail, New World birds with a distinctive feather shaped like an inverted comma atop their heads. Old World quails do not have this distinctive crest." Neither the loon nor the California or Gambel's quail are found in period heraldry, and thus the difference between them must be determined visually per RfS X.4.e. There is certainly sufficient visual difference between the loon and the New World quail to give a CD between them.
Note that this loon does not clearly and obviously fall into any of the categories of birds set forth in this month's cover letter. While the loon resembles the "swan-shaped" birds more than any of the other types of birds found in period heraldry, it lacks the rounded bill of a "swan-shaped" bird. While a loon does have webbed feet, its feet are not visible when is naiant (as in this submission), and thus a naiant loon also lacks the prominent webbed feet of a "swan-shaped" bird. The armorial comparisons between this submission and the Riding of Ravenslake and Kathren of Sandesward do not require us to determine whether loons are substantially different from either ravens or (New World) quail, and thus we are not ruling on those questions at this time.
A question was raised about the depiction of the ford, which has four barry wavy traits. Some commenters asked whether it was necessary to draw the ford with six traits. It is perfectly acceptable (and sometimes ideal) to draw a ford with four barry wavy traits. Perhaps this question arose due to the recommended way of drawing a barry wavy field. A barry wavy field is usually drawn with six or more traits, but there is much less room to draw that many traits on a ford, which is often less than one-third of the height of the field. Six or more barry wavy traits on a ford will often result in undesirably narrow traits. Four traits is an excellent compromise depiction for many fords.
Hr{o,}ngviðr hærulangr. Name and device. Vert, three oak leaves bendwise in bend argent between two bendlets Or. 
Isabella Feliciano da Fiume. Name. 
Submitted as Isabella Feliciano del Rio, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Italy and allowed any changes. The College was unable to date Feliciano to the 14th C. However, they were able to date this byname to 1633 in Italy (and to the late 16th C in Spain), which is sufficient for registration.
The byname del Rio 'of the river' is Spanish, not Italian. The Italian form is del Fiume. The College was unable to document this as a period byname. However, the placename Fiume 'river' is found in Mercator's 1554 map of Italy (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/), making the locative byname da Fiume plausible as a 16th C byname. We do not know if the Fiume shown in Mercator's map existed in the 14th C, but we have changed to this form to partially meet her request for authenticity.
Jessimond of Greencrosse. Device. Or, on a cross vert a hawk's leg erased a la quise belled and jessed bendwise sinister Or. 
This does not conflict with Moira of Cloonlara, Or, on a cross nowy quadrate vert a horse passant Or. Per the LoAR of July 2003, "There is one CD between a cross throughout and a cross nowy." The same CD applies between a cross throughout and cross nowy quadrate. Note that no evidence has been presented or found indicating that a cross nowy (or a cross nowy quadrate) would be a period artistic variant of a cross throughout. There is certainly unmistakable visual difference between the two types of cross, whether the nowy is the default circular nowy (per the July 2003 ruling) or whether it is the square nowy quadrate.
There is a second CD for changing the type of tertiary charge under RfS X.4.j.ii. Note that there is no meaningful posture/orientation comparison between a hawk's leg and a horse: see the discussion in the Cover Letter for the July 2003 LoAR for further details. As a result, X.4.j.i does not apply between these two groups of tertiary charges: only the type of tertiary charge has changed, not the type and posture of tertiary charge.
This also does not conflict with Eleanore Godwin, Or, on a cross formy throughout vert, an oil lamp argent. There is a CD between a default cross (throughout) and a cross formy throughout. We routinely give difference between the couped versions of these crosses (a cross couped versus a cross formy). Nor has evidence been presented or found indicating that a cross throughout would be interchangeable with a cross formy throughout in period. There is a second CD for changing the type and tincture of the tertiary charge under RfS X.4.j.i.
Josephe Blackthorn. Name and device. Or, a tree blasted and eradicated and on a base sable two rapiers in saltire argent. 
Lisabetta Lucia Antelini. Name change from Gabriel Mousebane. 
Submitted as Lisabetta Lucia dei Antelini, the provided documentation did not support the use of dei with the documented Antelini. The article from which Antelini was taken notes that the authors are unsure of the origin of the element, and without that information, it is impossible to judge whether the use of dei is appropriate. Therefore, lacking evidence that dei Antelini is a reasonable construction in period, we have dropped dei in order to register this name.
Her previous name, Gabriel Mousebane, is released.
Seamus an Bhogha Bhearnaigh Mac an tSaoi. Name and device. Quarterly sable and Or, in bend sinister a griffin and a griffin contourny gules. 
Submitted as Seamus in Boghanna Bernaig Mac an tSaoi, the submitter requested authenticity for Gaelic and allowed any changes. The submission form indicated that the submitter desired the meaning 'Seamus of the broken bows, Mac an tSaoi'. However, the LoI stated that "The submitter would prefer the singular 'of the broken bow', please."
The byname in Boghanna Bernaig was submitted as a constructed byname meaning '[of] the Broken Bow'. This phrase combines elements in Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) forms (in and Bernaig) with an element in an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) or Modern (c. 1700 to present) form (Boghanna). The name Seamus was brought into use in Ireland by the Anglo-Normans. By the time it came into use among Gaels, the language in use was Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). Therefore, we have changed this byname to a fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form to meet his request for authenticity.
Additionally, the submitted Boghanna means 'bows'. All of the period descriptive bynames found so far refering to a weapon (axe, spear, etc.) use a singular word for a weapon rather than a plural. The Early Modern Irish Gaelic word for 'bow' is Bogha. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald explains:
Since Early Gaelic <in> (Strachan, _Old-Irish Paradigms_) and modern Scottish Gaelic <an> (Dwelly) in genitive masculine singular lenite, EMIr <an> should also lenite what follows.
Therefore, a byname meaning '[of] the bow' in Early Modern Irish would be an Bhogha, with '[of] the broken bow' being an Bhogha Bhearnaigh. Effric also provided a rough approximation for a pronunciation of this byname. We have included it her as a courtesy for the submitter:
It would be pronounced very roughly \ahn VOH-ghah VAIR-nee\ (or with a vowel rather like the one in <egg> or <vet> instead of \AI\; in very late period <-ghah> can also get pronounced as \-ah\, \ahn VOH-ah VAIR-nee\).
Temair of Hawthorne. Device. Azure, two hawthorn flowers in fess argent seeded Or within an orle argent. 
Teresa of Rosewood. Device. Azure, on a chevron argent two arrows inverted in chevron gules and in base a rose argent barbed and seeded proper. 
Please advise the submitter to draw the arrows so the heads and fletching are more pronounced in comparison to the shaft. "It should be noted that period arrows were drawn with grossly exaggerated heads and fletching for greater identifiability" (LoAR of January 1992, p. 6).
The LoI did not give the tincture of the chevron. A letter of correction was issued at the very end of September, too late to be timely for primary commentary on this July submission. However, enough commenters correctly surmised the tincture of the chevron, and checked for conflict, so that this submission may be considered fully researched.
Yeke Delger. Name and device. Per bend sable and argent, a cornucopia Or effluent proper. 
ANSTEORRA
Asshelin Chrystal. Device. Per bend azure and vert, a bend between a lion double-queued each queue nowed argent and an eagle rising contourny wings addorsed Or. 
Lions' tails, when nowed, are generally blazoned as such, although this distinction is not worth difference.
Per the October 2003 LoAR, "Please recall that the rising posture, according to a number of sources, needs to have the wings explicitly blazoned as either addorsed or displayed. The SCA has at times registered birds rising wings addorsed simply as rising, but this pattern has not yet been so clearly established that we wish to use it as a default at this time."
Brother Liston Brounyng. Name. 
The registerability of Brother as a given name was the topic of much discussion during the commentary process.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 68 s.n. Brothers) dates the names Broder, Brodor, and Brodre to 1066. As they are listed as single element names found in the Domesday Book, they are almost certainly used as given names. This entry also dates Willelmus filius Brother to 1202 and says that this name derives from:
ON Bróðir, ODa Brothir or OE br{o-}ðor 'brother', used in ME of a kinsman (1382) and a fellow-member of a guild or corporation (1362).
While the use of this name in reference to kinsman and a guild member is as a descriptive byname, the existance of given name forms, including those cited from the Domesday Book, support the plausibility of Brother as a given name form. Additionally, E. H. Lind, Norsk-Islädska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namm från Medeltiden, column 171, lists an entry for the given name Bróðir and lists examples of forms of this name found in the 14th and 15th C, providing additional support for forms of this name used as given names.
Based on this information, Brother is plausible as a given name form in period. As such, it is registerable when it does not appear to be a form of address. When used as a form of address, Brother is still not registerable (as is true for all forms of address), though the submitter may use it:
The problem with this name is not a presumption issue since Brother Thomas is no more presumptuous than a name such as Thomas the Monk would be. In the case of this name, the element Brother in Brother Timothy is a form of address, not a name element. We do not register forms of address regardless of whether they would be presumptuous, such as Lord or Mistress, or whether they would not be presumptuous, such as Brother or Goodwife. The submitter is welcome to use Brother, as in Brother Timothy, as his preferred form of address, but this use of Brother is not registerable. Therefore, we have registered this name in the altered form forwarded by Kingdom. [Timothy Brother, 11/2002 LoAR, A-Artemisia]
In this case, Brother does not appear to be a form of address because it is followed by Liston, which can only be a locative byname or an inherited surname. Therefore, Brother must be the given name in this submission.
Cellach Ferguson. Name. 
On the Letter of Intent, the submitter requested authenticity for a 14th to 16th C Scot. However, further information from the submitter indicated that he would rather have the name as submitted. Therefore, we have not changed this name to make it authentic.
Chandranath Mitra. Device change. Azure semy of escutcheons Or. 
Nice device!
His previous device, Per pale sable and gules, a decrescent argent, is released.
Edric de Aldebury. Device. Gules, two chevronels between three roses Or. 
Nice device!
Lachlan MacLeod. Name. 
Listed on the LoI as Lachlan MacLoed, this name was submitted as Lachlan MacCloed and the byname was changed at Kingdom to better match the submitted documentation. However, Black (s.n. MacLeod) does not support the spelling -Loed, but only the spelling -Leod. Therefore, we have changed the byname to use that spelling in order to register this name.
Lorenzo Falconi. Name. 
Good name!
Lowrens of Ross. Device. Vert, on a pall between three crosses crosslet argent a lion gules. 
Mylisant de Impinton. Name. 
Quentin de Rougemont. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Rainald Slater. Name. 
Seán Ua Lochlainn. Name and device. Per chevron Or and gules, two fleurs-de-lys sable and a griffin passant Or. 
Submitted as Seán úa Lochlainn, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for the 14th C. At that time Ua is the expected form of the particle. We have made that change to meet his request for authenticity.
ATENVELDT
Alexander gagarr. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Cassandra Attewoode. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Good name!
Christophe de Lorraine. Name and device. Per pale azure and sable, two goats clymant Or. 
Some commenters suggested that clymant was not a correct blazon and that these goats should be reblazoned as salient. This is an erroneous suggestion, as clymant may be used as a synonym for either salient or rampant goats. Parker's A Glossary of Terms used in Heraldry defines clymant as "salient, applied to the goat", and, under goat, he notes that "[clymant] may be used for either salient or rampant." It is thus acceptable to use the term clymant to refer to a goat which is either rampant or salient.
It is important to note that there is no consistent period distinction between rampant and salient for beasts or monsters. Heraldic treatises and dictionaries define these terms as generally upright postures (with the body ranging from palewise to bendwise), but the treatises are not in agreement on other specifics of the definitions of these postures, such as whether the beast's legs are together or apart. In period treatises, one often finds salient depicted with a more bendwise (rather than palewise) body posture than rampant, perhaps to give the impression of leaping. Otherwise, there are no consistent trends. Most of the other trends for these postures follow the general trends in the drawing of the rampant posture. In early depictions of rampant animals, the body is usually palewise, while in later depictions, the body is usually bendwise - these postures evolved to best fit the shield, which widened from the kite shape (in the 12th C), through the heater shape, to the broad-based shape (in the 16th C).
The SCA defines both rampant and salient as upright postures, where the beast's body ranges from palewise to bendwise. The SCA defines the salient posture with the hind legs together and the rampant posture with the hind legs apart. In the rampant posture the front legs are always apart, while in the salient posture the front legs may be either together or apart.
Because of the period interchangeability of salient and rampant, the SCA will register a beast in a posture that is somewhat ambiguous as to whether it is rampant or salient, as long as the beast is clearly not in any other posture (such as courant) and the beast is adequately described by the chosen blazon term.
Dobrushcha de Neuf-Claire. Name and device. Purpure semy-de-lys, two swans naiant respectant Or. 
This name combines Russian and French in a single name, which, under current precedent, is registerable with a weirdness. Therefore, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this name.
A call for comments regarding the future registerability of this lingual combination is found in the Cover Letter for this LoAR.
Elias of Coventry. Name and device. Per pale argent and gules, in pale three pairs of arrows fesswise fletchings to center and a chief indented counterchanged. 
The blazon for this device follows that of Alexis von Bremen, Per pale wavy azure and argent, in pale three pairs of arrows fesswise heads to center counterchanged.
Gerardus Christopherus de Burgondia. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Gerardus Christopherus du Bourgogne, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for Norman French and allowed any changes. The locative element uses du 'of the' with a place name; it should be de 'of/from.' We have made this change. As the given name and patronymic are Latinized, we have also changed the locative element to the Latinized form in order to meet the request for authenticity. Latinized forms are typical documentary forms. A 14th century French form from Haute Picardie would be Gerard Christofle de Bourgoingne (all elements from Morlet Étude d'Anthroponymie Picarde); an early Anglo-Norman form would be Gerard Christofer Burgoin.
Questions were raised in commentary as to whether there was evidence of unmarked patronymics in Latinized forms. While patronymics are more frequently found in the genitive form, making Gerardus Christopheri, Reaney and Wilson give many examples of unmarked Latinized patronymics in Anglo-Norman names (for example: Alfredus Folkeredus dated to 1204 s.n. Alfred).
Grigour MacEnelly. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and sable, two dragonflies Or. 
Submitted as Grigour MacNeilly, MacNeilly was based on the header Mac Neilly found in MacLysaght (p. 234). However, many of the Anglicized Irish forms listed by MacLysaght are modern. Woulfe (p. 313 s.n. Mac an Fhileadh) dates some Anglicized Irish forms of this name to temp. Elizabeth I-James I, specifically M'Anelly, M'Enelly, M'Enillowe, M'Enilly, and M'Inilly. All of these forms show a vowel before the n in this name. Lacking evidence that this name dropped the initial vowel in Anglicized Irish forms in period, the submitted MacNeilly is not plausible as a period form and, so, is not registerable. The closest period form to the submitted MacNeilly would be MacEnelly, based on the example M'Enelly found in Woulfe. Therefore, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name.
Heinrich vom Schwarzwald. Name and device. Per bend sinister counterermine and ermine, a decrescent argent and a brown owl contourny proper. 
Jehanne la Torta de Calais. Name and device. Purpure, a bend sinister wavy argent between a quill of yarn and a quill pen bendwise sinister Or. 
Please advise the submitter to draw the wavy more deeply. It is currently drawn with three very shallow waves: it should be drawn with three to seven deeper repeats along the bend sinister. The amplitude of this wavy is extremely shallow and would not be registerable for most complex lines of partition such as engrailed, embattled, or indented. However, it is important to note that the wavy line of division is often drawn more shallowly in period than any other complex line of division, so this line, while shallow, is registerable for wavy.
Lughaidh Cruitire. Device. Quarterly vert and sable, a glove Or charged with a mullet vert all within an orle Or. 
Mons Tonitrus, Barony of. Order name Order of the Sable Arrows and badge. Argent, a sheaf of arrows between flaunches sable all within a bordure counterchanged. 
The order names Order of the Sable Chevronels of Mons Tonitrus and Order of the Sable Harps of Mons Tonitrus were registered to this barony in January 1991. Therefore, the construction Order of the Sable [charge (plural)] is grandfathered to this branch.
Please advise the barony to draw the flaunches with more pronounced curves. The barony has already registered armory using a bordure surmounting flaunches: Sable, a thunderbolt between flaunches argent all within a bordure counterchanged.
Muirgheal inghean Raghailligh mhic Seachnasaigh. Badge. (Fieldless) A badger statant sable. 
This is clear of conflict with Nachum Avram ben Benjamin ben Meir, reblazoned in the West section of this LoAR as Azure, a brock passant argent incensed proper. There is one CD for changing the field and a second CD for the changing the tincture of the badger.
Néill ó Néill. Name and device. Per pale azure and sable, in pale two bulls passant argent. 
Phineas Magollricke. Name and badge (see RETURNS for device). (Fieldless) A cross formy swallowtailed per pale gules and Or charged with a fleur-de-lys counterchanged. 
Submitted as Phineas MacGoldrick, MacGoldrick was documented as an undated form from MacLysaght. However, many of the Anglicized Irish forms listed by MacLysaght are modern. Woulfe (s.n. Mag Ualghairg) lists Magowlricke, Magollricke and M'Gworlick as Anglicized Irish forms dated to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. As Magollricke is the closest dated form to the submitted MacGoldrick, we have changed the byname to that spelling in order to register this name.
Ryan Dollas. Name and device. Vert, a rapier bendwise sinister between two four-leafed shamrocks saltirewise slipped Or all within a bordure rayonny argent. 
Note: Ryan is his legal given name.
As noted in the LoAR of October 2003, "Rayonny, because of its design, needs smaller and more frequent repeats than most complex lines of partition. Fifteen repetitions of a complex line down the center of the shield (palewise, bendwise, or the side of a pile) would be marginal or unacceptable for engrailed, embattled or wavy, but it is more acceptable for rayonny." As a result, this rayonny bordure (which has 10 repeats across the top of the shield and 14 down the sides of the shield) is registerable.
Sean of the South. Device. Quarterly Or and vert, two crosses bottony Or within a bordure counterchanged. 
Sorcha inghean Dhara mhic Seachnasaigh. Badge. (Fieldless) A lozenge ployé within and conjoined to the horns of an increscent argent. 
Svana ormstunga Vermundardottir. Name and device. Per fess indented argent and sable, three bees one and two sable and a duck Or. 
By examination of period armory, ducks and geese are close by default - this is by far the most common posture for either of these birds. Ducks and geese do not share the same default posture as the larger and more aggressive swan, which is rousant by default.
Wendel Weller. Device reblazon. Or, a roofless well sable and on a chief rayonny gules three badger heads cabossed argent marked sable. 
The previous blazon, Or, a roofless well sable on a chief rayonny gules three badger heads cabossed proper, tinctured the badger heads as proper. As noted in the Cover Letter to this LoAR, there is no clearly defined proper tincture for badgers.
ATLANTIA
Alaric Domhnullach. Device change. Azure, a claymore inverted enfiling a coronet all between three harps Or. 
This submission was pended from the May 2003 LoAR.
The submitter is a court baron and is entitled to use a coronet.
In this submission, the sword in the emblazon was originally blazoned as proper on the Letter of Intent (which would have an argent blade and an Or hilt), but the sword on the emblazon form was tinctured in solid Or, hence the pend. In the text pending this submission, we stated:
We advise the kingdom to contact the submitter to see if he wanted the sword to be proper, as in his blazon and as in his currently registered device. If so, he should instruct us to withdraw this submission and he should resubmit with a correctly colored emblazon form.
We have not received any communications from the kingdom or the submitter concerning withdrawal of this submission, so we are registering it with the tinctures as they were on the submission forms.
We remind the College of the SCA's definition of enfiling: the thread enfiles the eye of the needle through which it passes, not the other way around:
The definition of the term enfile has changed over the years. Boutell (English Heraldry, 1902) equates it with "pierce": a sword passing through a crown would enfile the crown. Brooke-Little (An Heraldic Alphabet, 1975) equates it with "encircle": a sword passing through a crown would be enfiled by the crown. The confusion is sufficient reason to avoid the use of the term, but sometimes (as with this submission) it's hard to avoid. Friar (Dictionary of Heraldry, 1987, p.137) agrees with Boutell's definition; and that definition does follow more naturally from the etymology of the word (from French fil, "thread": beads are threaded on a string, crowns are enfiled on [by] a sword). That is the definition used here. (LoAR October 1993, p. 8)
The submitter's previous device, Azure, a claymore inverted proper enfiled of a circlet between three harps Or, is released.
Angelique von Regensburg. Name and device. Quarterly sable and gules, in bend two increscents within a bordure embattled argent. 
Angelus Tremayne. Name. 
Caisséne Merdrech. Device (see RETURNS for badge). Gules, a chevron between two brocks combattant and an open book all within a bordure Or. 
Conrad Barbarossa. Name and device. Per fess gules and Or, a pheon and a pheon inverted conjoined at their tips counterchanged. 
In 1972, Laurel ruled that Barbarossa was presumptuous.
He can't be Barbarossa. It's the specific name of a very famous person. (KFW, 13 Aug 72 [32], p. 3)
While this ruling has never been explicitly overturned, Barbarossa has been registered several times. As it is a simple descriptive byname meaning "red beard", it is registerable, and not presumptuous.
This byname is also not unique to Frederick Barbarossa, as noted in a comment appended to the above precedent in "Precedents of the S.C.A. College of Arms: Volume II - The Early Years" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/precedents/early/earlydayscombined.html):
[Actually, Barbarossa is a descriptive surname meaning "red beard." It was borne by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, and by the Turkish corsair Khair ad-Din and his brother.]
Feilan Skotr. Name. 
Honora le Brun. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Megge de Northwode. Device. Azure, three owls within a bordure argent. 
This does not conflict with Catalina of Tir Ysgithr, Azure, three quail and a bordure argent. Per this month's Cover Letter discussion of birds and substantial difference, owls are "regular-shaped" birds and (European) quail are "poultry-shaped" birds. There is thus substantial difference between "poultry-shaped" European quails in a period posture (the default close posture) and "regular-shaped" owls in a period posture (the default close guardant posture).
The quails in Catalina's device are the new-world California or Gambel's quails, with a comma-shaped feather topping their heads, so their eligibility for substantial difference must be determined on a case by case basis. Because the California quail resembles a European quail very closely except for the comma-shaped crest, it is as different from an owl as a European quail would be - or even more so, since an owl does not have a crest of this sort. Thus, it seems appropriate to give substantial difference between California/Gambel's quails and owls. These two pieces of armory are thus clear of conflict under RfS X.2.
Temur of the Kerait. Device change. Per fess indented azure and gules, in pale a sinister wing and a pearled coronet argent. 
The submitter is a court baron and therefore entitled to use a coronet in his armory. His current device, Per fess azure and gules, a dance and in chief a wing argent, is released.
CAID
Aclina of Wyvern Heyghts. Device. Per chevron purpure and Or, two compass stars argent and a phoenix gules. 
Alaric Sartiano. Device change. Per chevron inverted purpure and ermine, an eagle displayed counterchanged and in base a crescent sable. 
His current device, Per chevron inverted purpure and ermine, an eagle displayed counterchanged, in base a crescent inverted sable, is retained as a badge.
Albert de Moulton. Name. 
Alys Tyrrell. Name. 
Caitilin inghean Eoin. Device. Azure, in pall three natural dolphins embowed tails to center within a bordure argent. 
Christian Baier. Device change. Per chevron pean and erminois, three lion's faces counterchanged Or and sable. 
Her current device, Per chevron pean and erminois, two panther's faces Or enflamed proper and a Celtic cross sable, is retained as a badge.
Clare von Ravensburg. Name. 
Cristal Fleur de la Mer. Badge. (Fieldless) A domestic cat's head erased affronty sable collared Or. 
Danyel de Licatia. Name. 
Eleri ferch Morien. Name change from holding name Katherine ferch Morien. 
Elspeth Colquhoun. Device. Purpure, in pale two panthers passant-counter-passant argent spotted of diverse tinctures and incensed proper. 
Felice Filadoro. Device. Per pale argent and sable, a bee and in chief three trilliums counterchanged. 
Gamel of Motrum. Name. 
Listed on the LoI as Gemel of Mottrun, a timely Letter of Correction noted that this name had been spelled incorrectly on the LoI. As noted by Kingdom, the submitted form of this name was Gamel of Motrum. We have made this correction.
Good name!
Gerhart von Altenberg. Name change from Gerhart of Cynnabar. 
His previous name, Gerhart of Cynnabar, is released.
Gwenhwyfar ferch Dafydd. Name and device. Argent, a panther rampant head to dexter sable incensed gules and on a chief azure in saltire a sword argent and an artist's brush inverted Or. 
Some commenters raised concerns about whether the sword and brush on the chief lost their identifiability. The concern was due to the fact that tertiary charges are smaller than primary charges and that, in this emblazon, the group of tertiary charges is of two types of charge, rather than the more common group of identical charges. In this submission, the full-sized emblazon showed no identifiability problems whatsoever. One cannot make any sort of general statement concerning the identifiability of a group of two similar but not identical types of tertiary charges: the identifiability must be determined on a case by case basis.
Gwerith Vran. Name. 
Halldórr Þórhallsson. Name. 
Submitted as Halldorr Thorhalsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Viking and allowed any changes.
The patronymic Thorhalsson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Þorhallr (also rendered Thorhallr) is Þórhallsson (also rendered Thorhallsson). We have made this correction. We have registered this name using the fully Norse form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.
Jules de la Croix. Name and device. Argent, a corbie and in sinister canton a cross of Lorraine sable. 
While no clear evidence of the use of Jules in period was found, Jules is the French name of several saints (Latin Julius). By long precedent, saint's names are registerable.
This name is clear of the registered Julien de la Croix. While the two given names are etymologically related, they are borrowed from two distinct Latin names into French. Therefore, one is not a diminutive of the other. In addition, they are roughly similar in difference to Mary and Miriam, which are given as examples of related names that are clear in RfS V.1.a.i.
This device does not conflict with a badge of Caitlin ni Cáilean de Bri, reblazoned in October 2002 as Argent, a raven close sable perched upon and supported by a rowan branch leaved and fructed proper. There is one CD for removing the co-primary rowan branch and a second for adding the secondary cross of Lorraine in sinister canton.
Mariam Albarran. Name. 
Listed on the LoI as Mariam al-Barran, this name was submitted as Mariam Albarran. The byname was changed at Kingdom because they were unable to verify the submitted form.
al-Jamal found support for Albarran as a Spanish surname in period:
The website Lawsuits and Litigants in Castile 1500-1700, Chapter Three, found at http://libro.uca.edu/lawsuits/law3.htm, has a lawsuit filed in 1572 by Pedro Albarran, a resident of Ventas. That evidence makes the originally submitted Spanish surname documentably period.
Nebuly also found a 13th C example of the spelling variant Alvarran in Diez Melcon (p. 84). Based on this support, we have returned the byname to the originally submitted form.
Medb ingen Mathgamna. Name change from Meadbh inghean Mhathghamhna. 
Her previous name, Meadbh inghean Mhathghamhna, is released.
Reinhardt Medebruwer. Name and device. Sable, an eagle per pale argent and gules. 
Submitted as Reinhardt Metbrauer, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C German and allowed minor changes. Bahlow (s.n. Brauer) lists the form Metbrauer, but only dates the form Medebruwer (1263) to period. We have changed the byname to this period form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.
Nice German arms, which go well with the name!
Rosa Maria da Cosenza. Badge. Gules, a cross flory Or between eight roses in annulo argent. 
Rowen Seer. Device. Per chevron inverted argent and azure, an orca embowed sable and three double-bitted axes argent. 
Skári Skey. Name and device. Azure, a schnecke issuant from sinister chief and in canton an annulet argent. 
Submitted as Skara Skye, the only evidence found for Skara was as an accusative form of the Old Norse masculine given name Skári. As a given name needs to be in the nominative case, we have changed the given name to the nominative form Skári, as allowed by the submitter, in order to register this name.
This name combines an Old Norse given name with the byname Skye, which may be considered either English or Scots (a language closely related to English). However, no support has been found for the spelling Skye before 1610:
... the spelling Skye has only been found dated to circa 1610 (in Speed's The Counties of Britain, p. 266, map of Scotland, map drawn 1610). Johnston (p. 296 s.n. Skye) dates Skey 1292. [Cáel of Skey, 04/02, A-Caid]
Therefore, this name had two weirdnesses: one for combining Old Norse and English, and one for elements that are dated to more than 300 years apart. We have changed the byname to the form Skey in order to remove the temporal disparity and register this name.
Skári Skey. Badge. Gules, three piles palewise wavy Or the center pile charged in chief with a sun sable. 
Note that three piles are in point by default, so it is necessary to explicitly blazon the piles as palewise. According to the Pictorial Dictionary, "this [in point] was the medieval default for multiple piles, due to their derivation from pinched pallets. If multiple piles are palewise, instead of in point, this should be explicitly blazoned."
Stephen O'Leary. Name. 
Thomas Joseph de Lacy. Name and device. Argent, a Lacy knot azure, a ford proper, and on a chief azure an arrow Or. 
Note that SCA blazon always explicitly tinctures a ford. If the tinctures of the ford are argent and azure (or the other way around) it may be blazoned as proper.
Tomaso da Barbiano. Device. Quarterly sable and gules, in bend two goblets Or. 
Una Orcadiana. Name change from Úna ingen Chathail. 
Her previous name, Úna ingen Chathail, is released.
Vivienne Duval. Name. 
DRACHENWALD
Douwe Johannes Brongersma. Name and device. Azure, on a bend argent three hearts palewise gules, in base on an escallop argent a sprig vert. 
The hearts in this emblazon are drawn with rounded bases. Some commenters asked whether these round-based hearts are period style, or whether it is necessary to draw hearts with pointed bases. The 15th C Scots Roll depicts some arms of the Douglas family (which use hearts as primary charges) with round-based hearts much like the hearts in this submission. Therefore, it is acceptable period style to draw hearts with rounded bases instead of pointed bases.
Some commentary suggested that hearts drawn in this fashion can be found in the flag of Friesland, and indeed the modern flag of Friesland depicts charges like these, but those charges depict a stylized water-lily leaf (or seeblatt) rather than a heart, as noted at http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/nl-fr.html. Because this submitter has requested that his name be made authentic for Frisia, perhaps he would prefer to blazon the charges on the bend as seeblatter rather than hearts (although the submission form clearly blazons these charges as hearts, so we have kept that blazon). Seeblatter and hearts are sometimes drawn similarly, and are occasionally blazoned interchangeably: see the May 1993 LoAR, p. 17, for a fuller discussion. If the submitter wishes to have these charges reblazoned as seeblatter, he may submit a request for reblazon.
Drachenwald, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Dragon's Steel. Or, three pine trees in fess eradicated gules, overall a dragon passant coward sable, and on a chief gules a rapier argent. 
Guðrøðr of Colanhomm. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Gu{d-}rø{d-}r of Colanhomm, the given name was misspelled because of a misreading of the special characters in Geirr Bassi. The character {d-} (Unicode U+0111, "Latin small letter d with stroke") is not used in Old Norse. Instead, they used the edh (ð). Therefore, we have changed the name to match the documented form in order to register this name.
Skarpheðinn Irlandsfari. Name and device. Vert, a natural leopard couchant guardant and on a base Or two roses in fess slips intertwined to center and leaved vert. 
There was some discussion regarding whether the byname Irlandsfari needed to be put into lowercase. The discussion "From Pelican: Regarding Capitalization in Norse Bynames" in the Cover Letter to the October 2002 LoAR states in part:
Therefore, we are upholding the current policy of requiring descriptive bynames in Old Norse to be registered in lowercase. The exceptions to this policy are (1) pre-pended descriptive bynames and (2) descriptive bynames based on proper nouns.
In this case, the byname Irlandsfari refers to Ireland and falls into second category above, "descriptive bynames based on proper nouns". Therefore, this byname does not need to be put into lowercase.
The leopard was originally blazoned as spotted sable, but the spots of a natural leopard are usually left as an artistic detail rather than blazoned explicitly.
The roses are drawn as naturalistic roses (which, in days past, were blazoned as garden roses). The roses are partially open. Please advise the submitter to draw the roses as fully opened flowers. These flowers are not the unregisterable rosebuds, which are naturalistic roses in bud form, with the petals mostly closed. But some members of the College felt that this depiction was uncomfortably close to that of the rosebud.
EALDORMERE
Daniel of Whitby. Name and device. Gules, on a bend between two wolves rampant argent three arrows sable. 
This device does not conflict with Morgan of Ben Dunfirth, Gules, a bend between two seawolves erect argent. There is one CD for adding the arrows. There is a second CD for changing the type of secondary charges. Most (albeit not all) "sea-beast" monsters are constructed as fish-tailed demi-beasts (the top half of the beast conjoined to a fish's tail). A sea-wolf follows this general practice: it is a fish-tailed demi-wolf, just as a a sea-griffin is a fish tailed demi-griffin. As a general rule, there is a CD between a quadruped (or quadrupedal monster) and a fish-tailed demi-quadruped. While there are not many explicit precedents on this topic, one such precedent is found in the LoAR of January 1992, p. 6: "There is a CD... for the difference between a sea-griffin and a griffin."
Diogenia Melanesi. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Good name!
Kaellyn mac Dermott of Leinster. Device. Azure, a winged cat passant and a bordure embattled argent. 
Kolbj{o,}rn skattkaupandi. Name. 
Submitted as Kolbjorn skattkaupandi, the documentation showed the given name with an o-ogonek, which looks like an 'o' with a reverse comma/hook attached to the bottom of the letter. We have made this correction.
Liadan Chu. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Liadan Cu Teach Càirdeas, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish/Gaelic and allowed any changes. No evidence was presented nor could any be found that Teach Càirdeas was a plausible byname for a period person. While the submitter asserted that it had been previously registered, the name does not appear in the Armorial. Even if it did, it would be irrelevant; previous registration has long been no guarantee of current registerability. We have dropped this phrase in order to register this name.
Feminine bynames in Gaelic are lenited except in certain circumstances. Therefore, we have changed the spelling of the byname from Cu to Chu to meet that grammatical requirement.
Norman Hauberger. Name. 
Submitted as Normand Hauberker, the only evidence for Normand as a given name is Reginaldus filius Normandi (dated to 1220 in Reaney and Wilson s.n. Norman). The many citations of Normand as a byname are derived from a descriptive byname, not the given name. However, it is not clear if this Latinized form reflects a given name Normand or is influenced by the locative byname spelling. All documented vernacular forms and all other Latinized forms clearly support the spelling Norman. Barring clearer evidence, Normand is not registerable as a given name.
The submitter hypothesized an occupational byname Hauberker, for a person who makes hauberks. However, there is an occupational byname for someone who makes hauberks, Hauberger or Haubergier, derived from the French term. We have changed the byname to a documented period form in order to register this name.
EAST
Adriana inghean Labhrain mhic Fhionghuine. Name. 
Listed on the LoI as Adriana inghean Labhruinn mhic Fhionghuin, this name was submitted as Adriana inghean Labhruinn MacFhionguin and changed at Kingdom to correct grammar issues.
The elements Labhruinn and Fhionghuin were documented from Black (s.nn. MacLaren, MacKinnon). Black uses the notation "G." in reference to these forms. The notation "G." indicates a Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. In a number of cases, though not all, these forms are also Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) forms. Black (p. 534 s.n. MacLaren) dates the "MG." [Middle Gaelic] form <Labhran> to 1467. A manuscript from 1467 (likely the same one referred to by Black) lists the form Finguine. Middle Gaelic was mostly in use from 900 to 1200. Since some manuscripts used older spelling conventions, a manuscript written in 1467 may use Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700), appropriate for the 15th C, or may use older form such as Middle Gaelic. A fully Middle Gaelic form of this byname would be ingen Labhrain meic Fhinguine. A fully Early Modern Gaelic form of this byname would be inghean Labhrain mhic Fhionghuine. As the Early Modern Gaelic form of this byname is the closer of these forms to the submitted byname, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name.
Alana Caernarfon. Name and device. Per bend vert and azure, a bend Or between a recorder bendwise and a quill pen bendwise argent. 
The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Welsh. While Alana has been found as a rare woman's name in Latin records of English people, it has not been found as a name used by Welsh women. Lacking such evidence, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested culture.
Alastar O'Rogan. Device. Sable, on a pale Or between in chief two decrescents argent a spear sable. 
Alastar O'Rogan. Badge. (Fieldless) A decrescent argent and overall a spear sable. 
Alexandra Adderly. Name. 
Amy of Malagentia. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a pale between in bend sinister a sword inverted and a fleam gules. 
Submitted under the name Fiamuin Kareman.
Anna allrasystir Úlfsdóttir. Name. 
Submitted as Annya Allrasystir Úlfsdóttir, the submitted name combines a 16th C Russian given name with a pair of Old Norse bynames (appropriate for c. 1100 or earlier). As a result, this name has two weirdnesses: one for combining Russian and Old Norse in a name, and one for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. Having two weirdnesses, this name cannot be registered in the submitted form. The submitter gave permission to change her given name to the earlier Russian spelling Anna in order to remove the weirdness for temporal incompatibility. We have made this change.
We have lowercased the descriptive byname allrasystir 'everyone's sister' to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.)
Anne de Northwoode. Name. 
Anneis Blanke. Name and device. Sable, a bend argent between a heart gules en soleil Or and a lotus in profile argent. 
Submitted as Anneis le Blanc, the submitter requested that her name be made authentic for a 12th C Anglo-Norman woman. Aryanhwy merch Catmael said:
Closer to her time period and geographical area, Reaney & Wilson s.n. Blanc have <Blanke> 1196 and <Blaunk> 1293.
As Blanke is nearer of these to the submitted form, we have changed the byname to this form in order to meet her request for authenticity.
Annet du Vey. Name and device. Argent, a chevron inverted ployé vert in chief a fleur-de-lys inverted purpure and a chief invected vert. 
Listed on the LoI as Ané le Vey, this name was submitted as Ané du Vey. The given name was documented as a variant of Annet, a surname derived from a period masculine name. However, it is not clear whether the spelling Ané is found in period, and if it is, whether it would have been used as a given name. Therefore, lacking evidence that Ané was used in period as a given name, we have changed this name to the documented form Annet.
The byname was changed at kingdom to match the documented placename Le Vey, as they could not find documentation for the byname du Vey. However, the locative byname derived from the place Le Vey would be du Vey. We have therefore returned this to the submitted form.
Ascelinne de Chambord. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Bhairavi of Thescorre. Device. Argent, a trident sable and a bordure vert semy of lotuses affronty argent. 
Boddi bjarki Bjarnarson. Name and device. Per fess Or and sable, a fool's cap per pale gules and sable and a sheep's head cabossed Or within a bordure gules. 
Listed on the LoI as Boddi  Bjarnarson, this name was submitted as Boddi Bjarki Bjarnarson. In the submitted documentation, both Boddi and Bjarki were documented as given names. As no evidence has been found of two given names used in Old Norse, the second given name was dropped at Kingdom. However, in addition to Bjarki being a given name, bjarki is a descriptive byname meaning 'bear-cub'. Therefore, Boddi bjarki Bjarnarson is registerable as a name following the standard pattern of given name + descriptive byname + patronymic byname.
Note that, in the SCA, the default sheep does not have horns, as in the device of Bartel Fitzneel, Argent, a sheep rampant to sinister sable within a bordure gules.
Bronwen Rose Greylyng. Device change. Argent, on a saltire vert a rose argent and on a chief azure three mullets Or. 
Her previous device, Argent, on a saltire vert a rose argent, is released.
Caia Snowden. Device change. Azure vêtu ployé ermine, a crescent and in chief a coronet argent. 
The submitter is a countess and is entitled to use a coronet in her armory. She has elected to use the default coronet of four points. Her previous device, Azure, crescenty, on a lozenge ployé throughout argent an ermine spot sable, is released.
Catherine of Rosedale. Name and device. Azure, a rose Or barbed vert and on a chief argent an arrow reversed azure. 
Catheryne of Settmour Swamp. Holding name and device. Vert, an elephant statant between three suns in splendor Or. 
The name under which this submission was forwarded, Catheryne Greene, was returned in May 2003.
Daffydd ap Owen de Caledon. Name and device. Argent, a hedgehog statant sable within a bordure sable billetty argent. 
Note: Daffydd is his legal given name.
Damiana Almodóvar de Sevilla. Name and device. Or, a tower triple towered sable within a bordure gules semy of hearts argent. 
The submitter requested that her name be made authentic for 12th C Spain, and allowed no changes. Unfortunately, the name Damiana has not been found in Spain before the 16th century. In addition, the city known in Spain as Sevilla was under Moorish control and known as al-Ishbili until the 13th C. Finally, both Almodóvar and Sevilla are placenames. Bynames combining two placenames were not found in Spain until late in our period. Therefore we cannot make her name authentic as requested. Her name as submitted is a reasonable 16th C name, though the more typical form would be Damiana de Almodóvar y Sevilla, given that both bynames are derived from placenames.
Nice Spanish device!
Dearbhforgaill an Chomhaidh. Name and device. Vert, on a bend argent between two plates three lions rampant palewise vert. 
Listed on the LoI as Derborgaill Buitiler, this name was submitted as Derborgaill an Chomhaidh Buitiler. The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C "West Ireland" and allowed any changes. The first byname was dropped at Kingdom for lack of documentation of use of two descriptive bynames in Irish Gaelic.
Derborgaill is a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form. The corresponding Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form is Dearbhforgaill. We have changed the given name to this form to meet the submitter's requested time period.
The byname an Chomhaidh is a descriptive byname meaning '[of] the Coad' (the Coad being an area in Ireland).
The name Buitiler is a Gaelic adaptation of the Anglo-Norman name Butler and was used as an inherited surname.
An example of a Gaelic descriptive byname used by a man with an Anglo-Norman surname may be found in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 6 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005F/), entry M1590.7, which mentions "Uater Ciotach a Búrc mac Seain mic Oiluerais" (which appears in the translation as "Walter Kittagh Burke, the son of John, son of Oliver"). (The byname Ciotach means 'Left-handed'.) This entry supports the order [given name] [Gaelic descriptive byname] [Gaelic form of an Anglo-Norman surname]. Therefore, the submitted name Derborgaill an Chomhaidh Buitiler, which follows this construction pattern, is registerable, though it contains a weirdness for combining the Middle Irish Gaelic form of the given name with bynames that have Early Modern Irish Gaelic forms. Dearbhforgaill an Chomhaidh Buitiler would be a fully Early Modern Irish form of this name.
However, as yet no evidence has been found that any Anglo-Norman families in Ireland (including the Butler, Burke, de Courcy, and FitzGerald families) gave their children Gaelic given names during our period. Instead, their children were given Anglo-Norman names, many of which were eventually adopted into use by Gaelic families. An example of this pattern seen in the Butler family is found in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 6, entry M1597.10, which lists "Oilen Buitiler inghen iarla Urmumhan .i.Piarus Ruadh, mac Semais, mic Emainn, mic Risdeird ben an dara h-iarla do h-oirdneadh ar Thuadhmumhain .i. Donnchadh, mac Concobair mic Toirrdhealbhaigh Uí Briain" (which appears in the translation as "Ellen Butler, the daughter of the Earl of Ormond (Pierce Roe, the son of James, son of Edmond, son of Richard), and wife of the second Earl of Thomond (Donough, the son of Conor, son of Turlough O'Brien)"). Based on this information, the combination of the Gaelic given name Derborgaill (in any spelling) with an Anglo-Norman surname such as Buitiler is not authentic. Therefore, we have dropped the byname Buitiler in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and location.
Deiniol filius Gwrgwst. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Deiniol ap Gwrgwst, both elements are found as masculine names in Tangwystyl verch Morgan Glasvryn's "Names of Women of the Brythonic North in the 5-7th Centuries." At this time, the Latin filius was used in Welsh patronymic bynames rather than the later ap. We have therefore made this change.
Dwynwen of Padstow. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Dwynwen of Eldestawe, the byname was documented from O.J. Padel's Cornish Placenames. However, this source is not on the no-photocopy list and no photocopies of this information were included. As the College was unable to confirm that the information was as cited, this byname cannot be registered.
While the submitter allows only minor changes, she explicitly allowed her byname to be changed to the modern form Padstow if the submitted form could not be registered. As Padstow is found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (map of Cornwall, map dated to 1610), it may be registered in that spelling. We have, therefore, made this change.
Elizabeth of Rivenstar. Name and device. Gyronny gules and Or, four roses Or and four holly leaves slips to center gules. 
Fatima Isabella Villalobos. Badge. (Fieldless) On a pile couped Or a grenade sable enflamed gules. 
Franz von Heilbronn. Name. 
Georg Kopman. Name and device. Azure, an amphora and a chief rayonny argent. 
Submitted as Georg Koopmann, no evidence could be found that the submitted spelling of the byname was used in period. Dated forms from Brechenmacher's Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen (s.n. Kopmann) include Copman 1227 and Kopmans 1485. Based on these examples, Kopman is a reasonable interpolation that is close to the submitted form. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register it.
Gracia Vazquez de Trillo. Device. Per pale embattled azure and Or, two suns counterchanged. 
Grimkell inn svarti. Name. 
Hubert d'Avignon. Name (see PENDS for device). 
Ignacia la Ciega. Name and device. Bendy rayonny of six Or and gules, a bear statant to sinister sable. 
Submitted as Ignacia el Ciego, the submitted byname must be considered as a literal description 'the blind (woman)'. As such, it must be changed from the masculine form el Ciego 'the blind (man)' to the feminine form la Ciega 'the blind (woman)' in order to match the gender of the given name.
Ignacia is the feminine form of Ignacio, a name popularized by Ignatius Loyola, the saint who died in 1566. The masculine form Ignacio is found in the 16th and early 17th century. While the College was unable to find evidence that Ignacia was used before 1600, it seems reasonable to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt, given a broad pattern of forming feminine names from masculine saint's names in 16th century Spain, as illustrated by Francisca, Melchora, and Andrea.
Irene of Anglespur. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, an acorn Or between three oak leaves argent fructed Or. 
Submitted under the name Engel Irene Lassin.
Irene of Anglespur. Badge. (Fieldless) On an oak leaf azure an acorn Or. 
Isabeau de Valle. Name and device. Argent, a hare courant sable between three roundels gules and on a chief sable three decrescents argent. 
"The torteaux and the hare." We like it. Despite the temptation, we have preserved the submitter's original blazon of roundels gules rather than reblazoning them as torteaux.
Isabella de Soumont. Name and device. Vert, a tree blasted argent and on a chief Or three fleurs-de-lys vert. 
Ismenia Cachelove. Name. 
Jake de Twelfoaks. Badge. (Fieldless) An oak leaf per pale azure and argent. 
James Hawk Galloway. Device change. Sable, a Maltese cross within a mascle of spears conjoined points to chief argent. 
His previous device, Sable, a hawk's head erased contourny within a mascle of spears argent, is released. We have changed the blazon of the spears from the blazon found in the previous device, as the orientation of the spears has changed. In his previous device, the spearheads were arranged clockwise, and in this submission all the spearheads are to chief.
Jehannine de Bordeu. Device. Vert, three fleurs-de-lys in pall inverted bases to center within a bordure argent. 
Jocelyn of Carolingia. Name. 
Juliana de Essex. Name and device. Azure, two arrows in fess and in chief three crescents pendant argent. 
Good name!
Ruulfr Rafnsson. Name change from Rohlfe Ravenson. 
Submitted as Hrólfr Hrafnsen, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Danish. The spellings of the given names are documented from Geirr Bassi, which uses a standardized and regularized version of 13th C written Old Icelandic. The spelling Ruulfr is documented by the submitter as a 9th century Danish form, and Rafn is found as an Old Danish spelling of the byname in the Nordiskt Runnamslexikon (http://www.sofi.se/SOFIU/runlex/).
Questions were raised as to the correct patronymic form of Hrafn; Zoega's Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic gives both Hrafns and Hrafnar as genitive forms of the word hrafn from which the name is derived. The submitter argued that -sen is appropriate; however, it appears that by the time -sen was used in patronymic bynames, the spelling of the other elements would be radically different. Therefore the most likely 10th century Danish form is Ruulfr Rafnsson; we have changed the name to that form.
His previous name, Rohlfe Ravenson, is released.
Tadatsune of Carolingia. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a Japanese well-frame crosswise with an annulet argent. 
This device does not conflict with Perigrine Mellyrn of the Last Mountain, Azure, a mascle within an annulet argent. The corners of the Japanese well-frame cannot be mistaken for the corners of a default mascle when drawn correctly. We would give a CD between a default mascle and a mascle fourchy at the points, and a similar CD applies when comparing a default mascle and a Japanese well frame. There is a second CD for orientation between a Japanese well-frame crosswise (which is oriented like a delf) and the default Japanese well-frame, which is oriented like a mascle.
Submitted under the name Hidesada Tadatsune.
MERIDIES
Adelheid Wynther. Name and device. Argent, on a pale between two serpents glissant palewise sable a thunderbolt argent. 
Please advise the submitter to draw the snakes more boldly.
Áine of Glencole. Name. 
Submitted as Áine of Glencoe, the spelling of the placename was a modern form, not found before 1600. Documented forms (from Johnstone s.n. Glencoe) include Glenchomore 1343, Glencole 1494, Glencowyn 1500, and Glencoyne 1500. We have changed the byname to a documented period form in order to register this name.
Alasdair mac Raghnaill. Name and device. Per chevron vert and azure, a wolf dormant and a thistle argent. 
Alienor of Iron Mountain. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Beorn Boghener. Name and device. Azure, on a Latin cross bottony between three mullets Or a mullet gules. 
As submitted, Beorn was documented as Old English and Boghener as German, a mix that has previously been ruled unregisterable due to a lack of evidence of significant contact between speakers of these languages (for a recent discussion of this issue, see Leofric von der Ertheneburg, October 2003 LoAR, Drachenwald's returns).
However, Beorn is also a Swedish name dated to 1200 in Sveriges medeltida personnamn (s.n. Biorn). That form is registerable with a German byname, as there is a weirdness for the lingual combination of Swedish and German in a name, but none for temporal disparity.
Ceara inghean Leogháin. Device. Per bend checky vert and Or and azure, a Bengal tiger rampant argent marked sable and a horse rampant argent. 
Ceara of Meridies. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, a cat statant guardant between three dogs statant Or. 
Please advise the submitter to draw the primary cat larger in comparison to the secondary dogs, and to draw all the charges more boldly.
Submitted under the name Cera ingen Celaig.
Cristoforo Montagna. Name and device. Or, a cross sable between in bend two candles enflamed and in bend sinister two keys wards to chief gules all within a bordure sable. 
Submitted as Cristòforo Montagna, the accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not part of the name.
Cynewise æt Sceaduwuda. Name and device. Argent goutty de larmes, an oak tree eradicated sable fructed argent. 
Submitted as Cynewise æt Scadenwuda, the byname was not quite correctly formed. Metron Ariston provided information regarding correctly formed Old English bynames combining these elements:
Based on the formations in Hall's Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, I would expect Sceadenwudu as a nominative if this was derived from the word for division as noted on the Letter of Intent (cf. sceadenlice as the adverb from that) or Sceaduwudu if the intent was to be the more logical "shady wood". Also, the form used after the preposition here is a nominative and it must be a dative form in Old English so the byname should be something like æt Sceadenwuda or æt Sceaduwuda depending on the meaning you want.
Pennon provided followup commentary that the submitter's intended meaning was indeed 'shady wood'. Therefore, we have changed the byname to the form æt Sceaduwuda provided by Metron Ariston in order to register this name.
Donovan Ravenhull. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, a cross counterchanged and on a chief sable two annulets interlaced argent. 
Elspeth Forsythe. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Fj{o,}rleif Rúnólfskona. Name and device. Azure, in pale a demi-pegasus issuant from a castle argent. 
Submitted as Fj{o,}rleif Rúnólfswyf, the submitted byname Rúnólfswyf combines the Old Norse Rúnólfs- with the English -wyf and so violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The Norse word for 'wife' used in bynames is kona, as in Þorvé, Végauts kona, found in Lindorm Eriksson's "The Bynames of the Viking Age Runic Inscriptions" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/runicbynames/). In this case, the two elements are separate words, but in transcriptions, bynames that express relationship often take this form. In other sources, they are written as a single word. Therefore, this would be acceptable either as Rúnólfskona or Rúnólfs kona. As the former is closer to her submitted name, we have made that change.
Note that the mini-emblazon on the LoI was reproduced in a fashion that accentuated the internal black details. This caused some commenters to inquire whether the demi-pegasus' wings were partly sable. The full-sized emblazon and the original mini-emblazon did not have this problem.
Fortunus Saturnin. Name change from Saturninus Nonanus Fortunatus. 
His previous name, Saturninus Nonanus Fortunatus, is retained as an alternate name.
Gawyn Alisaundre. Name and device. Sable, on a bend embattled counter-embattled argent three crosses of Jerusalem palewise gules. 
Good name!
Glyn of Chesshire. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Listed on the LoI as Glynd{w^}r of Chesshire, this name was submitted as Glyn of Cheshire and changed at Kingdom because no documentation was found for Glyn as a period name. The byname was also changed at Kingdom to use a documented period form. Glynd{w^}r is a placename in period, not a given name, and so is not registerable as a given name.
However, Crescent was able to date Glyn as a given name to 1590 in Cornwall. Therefore, we have returned the given name to its submitted form in order to register this name.
Gunnarr i Iorvik. Name. 
Submitted as Gunnarr of Iorvik, the submitted byname of Iorvik combined the English of and the Norse Iorvik and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The fully Old Norse form of this byname would be í Iórvík. Old Norse names are registerable with accents used or omitted consistently. We have changed this byname to the fully Old Norse form (with accents omitted) in order to register this name.
Isabella Dragonetti. Name and device. Purpure, three cats passant and on a chief Or a sun purpure. 
Submitted as Isabella Dragonétti, the accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not part of the name.
Good name!
Jóhann brotamaðr and Elizabeth Rea. Joint badge. Vert, a boar statant contourny argent and a bordure gyronny sable and argent. 
Johanna Wynter. Name and device. Argent, a mullet azure and overall an arrow inverted bendwise gules. 
John Walter Connell of Glencorse. Name. 
Submitted as John Walter Connell of Glencroe, no evidence was presented nor could any be found that Glencroe was a period spelling of the documented placename Glencorse. Lacking such evidence, we have changed this placename to a documented form in order to register this name.
Magnus mac Gregor Campbell. Device. Vert, a saltire argent and overall an ibex salient Or. 
Morgan Archer. Device. Azure, a sea-horse Or between in pall three arrows points to center argent. 
This submission was pended from the LoAR of May 2003 due to incorrect tinctures in the blazon.
Please advise the submitter to draw the sea-horse larger in proportion to the arrows.
Northover, Shire of. Device. Gules, a compass rose within a laurel wreath Or and a ford proper. 
Nuzzio Gennaro. Name change from Hulegu Naran. 
His previous name, Hulegu Naran, is released.
Phineas Thomas O'Neal. Name and device. Vert, an arrow and overall an anvil, a base argent. 
Rauf Frogenhall. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Rhys ap Morgan. Device. Per pale vert and argent, two greyhounds combattant counterchanged. 
Rowan Mac Kine. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, a caduceus counterchanged. 
Submitted as Rohan mac Kyne, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th to 16th C Ireland in an Anglicized form. Rohan is an undated surname form in MacLysaght. Based on dated Anglicized Irish spellings of surnames in Woulfe (s.n. Ó Robhacháin) dated to the time of Elizabeth I or James I, Rowan and Roan seem likely spellings of a given name form during this time period.
Woulfe (s.n. Ó Cadháin) dates O Kine to the time of Elizabeth I or James I. To meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the byname to a plausible period spelling based on this example from Woulfe.
Please advise the submitter to draw the staff of the caduceus more boldly.
Rúnólfr orðlokarr Úlfsson. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Salih of Aksary. Name change from holding name Tim of Aksaray. 
Sigurd Grunewald. Name and device. Per pale azure and Or, two hawks respectant counterchanged. 
This name combines a Norse given name with a German byname. There is a weirdness for the lingual combination, but it is registerable. There was considerable contact between Germany and Denmark, including Danish kings controlling the adjoining parts of modern Germany in the 12th and 13th century.
The submitter requested the German form of Sigurd if one could be found. Bahlow documents several names with the first element Sieg-, but not this name. They include the sound-alike Sighart dated to 1295. However, as it is not the same name, we declined to make that change.
This device does not conflict with Irene of Dedham, Per pale azure and Or, two owls addorsed counterchanged. There is one CD for changing the type of the bird from an owl to a hawk when both are in standard period postures, as here (close guardant for the owls, and close for the hawk.) Per the LoAR of January 2000, "There now is a difference for type between owls close guardant and eagles/falcons/hawks close."
Some of the commentary noted the precedent stating that there is no difference between an owl turned to dexter and an owl affronty, and wondered if that meant there was no difference between an owl turned to dexter and an owl turned to sinister. The precedent in question, on the LoAR of August 1992, states, "The owl's posture has slightly changed, from statant close guardant to statant close affronty (which is guardant by definition). The 'blobbiness' of the owl's body, and the fact that the owl is guardant in all cases, leads me to conclude that there is no visual difference for turning the owl's body affronty." Conflict is not transitive: if A conflicts with B and B conflicts with C, it is not required that A must conflict with C. In this case, while there may not be a CD between an owl affronty and an owl turned to dexter, and there may not be a CD between an owl affronty and an owl turned to sinister, there is sufficient visual difference to allow a CD between an owl turned to dexter and an owl turned to sinister. One can thus meaningfully give a posture CD between respectant owls and addorsed owls, and also between respectant hawks and addorsed owls.
Svana mjóbeina. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Svana mjóbeinn, the form mjóbeinn 'slim-leg' is a masculine form of this byname. As Svana is a feminine name, the byname must be changed to a feminine form in order to match the gender of the given name. Gunnvör silfrahárr found information about this byname:
The adjective <mjór> (masculine) or <mjó> (feminine) means "thin, slim, tapering, narrow" (Cleasby-Vigfusson, p. 433, http://penguin.pearson.swarthmore.edu/~scrist1/scanned_books/png/oi_cleasbyv igfusson/b0432.png). It occurs in the by-names <mjóbeina> and <mjóbeinn>, "slim-leg" (also in (Cleasby-Vigfusson, p. 433).
The masculine variant was <mjóbeinn>, as seen in Landnámabók ch 40 where it occurs as the by-name of <Þrándr mjóbeinn>.
The feminine variant was <mjóbeina>, found in Kormáks saga ch 15 for <Steinvör mjóbeina Oddsdóttir>:
Maður hét Oddr. Hann bjó í Tungu. Það er í Bitru. Dóttir hans hét Steinvör, væn og vel að sér. Hún var kölluð mjóbeina.
[There was a man named Oddr. He had his farm at Tunga, in Bitra. His daughter was called Steinvör, a pretty girl and well set up. She was called mjóbeina, "slim-leg".]
References:
Cleasby, Richard and Guðbrandr Vigfusson. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon. 1957.
Landnámabók (The Book of Settlements). http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm Netútgáfan Website.
Landnámabók. T. Ellwood, trans. The Book of the Settlement of Iceland (Kendal: T. Wilson. 1898). http://www.northvegr.org/lore/landnamabok/index.php
Kormáks saga. http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/kormaks.htm Netútgáfan Website.
Kormáks saga. Trans. as "The Life and Death of Cormac the Skald" by W.G. Collingwood & J. Stefansson (Ulverston, 1901). Online Medieval and Classical Library (OMACL), University of California Berkeley. 1995. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Cormac/
We have changed this byname to the feminine form found by Gunnvör in order to register this name.
Teresa of Meridies. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, a fleur-de-lys and a bordure Or. 
Submitted under the name Danièlla Rosamarìa D'Abramo.
Viviana of Meridies. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per bend vert and azure, in bend sinister three tulip-poplar leaves Or. 
The LoI blazoned these leaves as poplar leaves. Poplar is an Old World tree whose leaf has a vague resemblance to a card-pique. These distinctly different leaves appear to be those of the New World tulip poplar. The tulip poplar (alias yellow poplar, tulip tree, [canary] whitewood, et alii - Liriodendron tulipifera) is a tree widely distributed throughout the eastern United States, including areas where the United States was first settled by Western Europeans, as noted in (among other places) http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_2/liriodendron/tulipifera.htm. Some pictures of tulip poplar leaves may be found on the following Web page concerning the Commonwealth of Kentucky, where the tulip poplar is the state tree: http://officialcitysites.org/statetree.php3?st=KY.
Because of its distribution, this tree was quite likely to be known to Western Europeans in period, and this tree's distinctive leaf may thus be registered as a charge in SCA armory. However, such distinctively New World flora are discouraged in the SCA and are considered one step from period heraldic practice (a "weirdness") as noted in this ruling from the August 1999 LoAR, "New World flora and fauna ... are a discouraged weirdness, but registerable."
Submitted under the name Viviána le Silente.
William Scott of Blackwater. Name. 
Submitted as William Scott of Blackwater Fen, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for 15th C England. The College could find no evidence of locative bynames formed from multi-word placenames. A person from Blackwater Fen would have simply been known as of Blackwater. Therefore, we have made this change in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.
Zebeeba al-Kharqaa. Name change from Gilia Bonifazio (see RETURNS for badge). 
Submitted as Zebeebah al-Kharqaa, the spelling of the given name has been changed to match the transcription of the byname. Questions were raised in commentary as to whether al-Kharqaa is a reasonable form meaning 'clumsy.' As the name is documented from Hans Wehr's Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, a well-regarded dictionary of Arabic, we will give the submitter the benefit of the doubt.
Her previous name, Gilia Bonifazio, is retained as an alternate name.
MIDDLE
Brictiva de Chantal. Device reblazon. Purpure, on a pile argent between two beehives Or a brown badger statant proper. 
The previous blazon, Purpure, on a pile argent between two beehives Or a badger statant proper, tinctured the badger as proper. As noted in the Cover Letter to this LoAR, there is no clearly defined proper tincture for badgers.
NORTHSHIELD
Emelyn la Settere. Name. 
Listed on the LoI as Emelyn le Settere, this name was submitted as Emelyn la Settere. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English, and the byname was changed at Kingdom to match documented forms for that time. However, the College was able to find 14th C examples of women's occupational bynames using the article la, including Alice la Sopere and Alice la Goldar, from The Taxpayers of Medieval Gloucestershire: An Analysis of the 1327 Lay Subsidy Roll with a New Edition of its Text, and Emma la Sapere in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Soper). Given these examples, Emelyn la Settere is an authentic name for 14th C England. Therefore, we have changed this name back to the originally submitted form.
Ffortune Ffetherstone. Name. 
Listed on the LoI as Fortune Fetherstone, the name was submitted as Ffortune Ffetherstone. Initial ff- normally appears in English documents with both letters in lowercase and in fact appears to be a notation equivalent to F-. However, Metron Ariston was able to find evidence that the spelling Ff- was used in the late 16th century, for example in the record "Alison Ffetherston, wyffe of Silvester Ffetherstone was buryed the xth daye [of February 1586]" (from a scanned transcription of a nineteenth-century publication of the parish register of All Saints, Roos, Holderness in the East Riding of Yorkshire for the period 1571 through 1679 at http://www.pcug.org.au/~bthompso/roos/p18-37.txt). While it is possible that the editor changed the capitalization, this is sufficient to give the submitter benefit of the doubt, particularly since the -ff- notation is also used in the middle of the word wyffe.
Gunnora Lovitt of Buchnell. Name and device. Purpure, a stag's head cabossed Or and a chief triangular Or ermined gules. 
Submitted as Gunnora Lovitt of Bucknell, no evidence was presented nor could any be found that the submitted spelling Bucknell was found for this placename in period. The closest form that the College could find was the spelling Buchnell found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (map of Shropshire) in 1610. We have changed this name to this documented form in order to register this name.
Jerratt Ffetherstone. Name and badge. Argent, a bend sinister cotised gules and overall a panther's head facing dexter erased sable incensed gules. 
Listed on the LoI as Jarratt Fetherstone, the name was submitted as Jerratt Ffetherstone. Initial ff- normally appears in English documents with both letters in lowercase and in fact appears to be a notation equivalent to F-. However, Metron Ariston was able to find evidence that the spelling Ff- was used in the late 16th century, for example in the record "Alison Ffetherston, wyffe of Silvester Ffetherstone was buryed the xth daye [of February 1586]" (from a scanned transcription of a nineteenth-century publication of the parish register of All Saints, Roos, Holderness in the East Riding of Yorkshire for the period 1571 through 1679 at http://www.pcug.org.au/~bthompso/roos/p18-37.txt). While it is possible that the editor changed the capitalization, this is sufficient to give the submitter benefit of the doubt, particularly since the -ff- notation is also used in the middle of the word wyffe.
Please advise the submitter to draw the cotises more boldly and to draw the panther's ears so that they are not fully obscured by the incensing.
Julian Welland. Name. 
Odillia Marguerite du Parc. Device. Gules, on a fess between a cinquefoil and a fleur-de-lys argent two cinquefoils gules. 
Odillia Marguerite du Parc. Badge. Per fess argent and gules, three cinquefoils counterchanged. 
Richard Morgan of Cumberland. Device Change. Or ermined gules, a bunch of grapes and a chief enarched purpure. 
His previous device, Vairy Or and gules, a psaltery purpure, is retained as a badge.
WEST
Beornwynn the Curmudgeon. Device reblazon. Or, goutty de sang, a brock's head caboshed argent marked sable within a bordure rayonny sable. 
The previous blazon, Or, goutty de sang, a brock's head caboshed proper within a bordure rayonny sable, tinctured the brock's head as proper. As noted in the Cover Letter to this LoAR, there is no clearly defined proper tincture for brocks.
Nachum Avram ben Benjamin ben Meir. Device reblazon. Azure, a brock passant argent incensed proper. 
The previous blazon, Azure, a brock [Meles meles] passant proper, incensed, tinctured the brock as proper. As noted in the Cover Letter to this LoAR, there is no clearly defined proper tincture for brocks or badgers.
In this emblazon, the brock is very light grey or argent with a small black marking around the eye, so it may easily be reblazoned to argent. The previous blazon also did not specify the tincture of the enflaming.
Richard Blackbury. Badge reblazon. Azure, a brown brock rampant proper between three mullets argent. 
The previous blazon, Azure, a brock rampant proper between three mullets argent, tinctured the brock as proper. As noted in the Cover Letter to this LoAR, there is no clearly defined proper tincture for brocks.
Siranna of Hawthorn Hall. Badge reblazon for Hawthorn Hall. Per pale gules and sable, a tower Or between in fess two hawthorn blossoms argent. 
The previous blazon, Per pale gules and sable, a tower Or between in fess two hawthorn blossoms, did not give the tincture of the hawthorn blossoms.

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK
ÆTHELMEARC
Drogo Rabenwald. Device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, an armadillo rampant argent. 
This submission was withdrawn by Kingdom.
Tigernach Mag Samhradháin. Badge. Quarterly gules and sable, three bendlets argent. 
Conflict with Ysfael ap Briafael, Per bend bendy vert and argent and vert. Ysfael's device could alternately be blazoned as Vert, three bendlets enhanced argent, and was originally submitted under that blazon. Ysfael's registration in the LoAR of December 2000 stated, "Originally blazoned as three bendlets enhanced, the blazon above more closely describes the emblazon." When considering Ysfael's device under the alternate blazon of Vert, three bendlets enhanced argent, and comparing it to Tigernach's submission, there is one CD for changing the field, but the second CD must come from the change of location of the bendlets from enhanced.
Our original inclination was to give a second CD for enhancing the bendlets under RfS X.4.g. However, evidence indicates that, in period, armory using three bendlets enhanced was not distinct from armory using three bendlets in their default location on the field. We thus should not give difference between these designs.
The Dictionary of British Arms (DBA) volume two gives very few coats of arms using three bendlets enhanced (on p. 117). Most of these coats are also found belonging to the same family but with the three bendlets in their default position (on pp. 114-116): the arms of Byron, Argent, three bends [enhanced] gules, Greeley, Gules, three bends [enhanced] Or, and Mawnyse/Mauvesin, Gules, three bends [enhanced] argent. For one of these families, there is scholarship which explicitly states that the coat with the three bendlets enhanced is a later version of the coat with three bendlets, rather than a distinctly different, cadenced, coat. Woodward's A Treatise on Heraldry British and Foreign discusses the arms of Byron on p. 132, stating, "What appears to have been the original coat of Biron viz., Argent, three bendlets gules, is now borne with the bendlets enhanced (Fr. haussés) i.e. placed higher in the shield, as in the arms of the poet, Lord Byron."
The difference between three bendlets and three bendlets enhanced is thus similar to the difference between crosses bottony and crosses crosslet. We give no difference between these crosses because, as discussed in the LoAR of August 2002, "It is important to recall that the cross bottony and the cross crosslet are both used to represent the same charge throughout our period's heraldry. The bottony form is found predominantly in earlier artwork, and the crosslet form predominantly in later artwork." The evidence in DBA and Woodward suggests that three bendlets and three bendlets enhanced are both used to represent the same armory throughout our period's heraldry. Just as the cross crosslet became distinct from the cross bottony after our period, three bendlets enhanced became distinct from three bendlets after our period.
AN TIR
Bora Gan. Device. Argent, two daggers in chevron sable each distilling gouttes and a base gules all within a bordure sable. 
The gouttes in this emblazon are too large to be merely considered artistic license and omitted from the blazon, and they cannot be blazoned in a manner that reproduces the emblazon. This submission therefore violates RfS VII.7.b, which states, "Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon."
The gouttes are not drawn in a fashion that one would expect given the blazon on the Letter of Intent, which states that the daggers are distilling the gouttes. One would expect such distilled gouttes to be small gouttes which drip from the point of the dagger and are placed close to the point of the dagger. These gouttes are too far from the tips of the daggers to be distilled from the daggers.
The arrangement of the gouttes could not otherwise clearly be blazoned. To attempt to describe this emblazon: there are two vertical columns of gouttes, each column of two gouttes each (making a total of four gouttes). In each column, the top goutte is about one-fourth of the field below the tip of the dagger, and the lower goutte another one-fourth of the field below that. The dexter column of gouttes is a bit higher on the field than the sinister column. The group of four gouttes is not arranged in an heraldic arrangement such as two and two or one two and one. The gouttes are thus in an unblazonable arrangement.
Chinua Baatar. Name change from Khulan the Dark. 
Baatar is a variant spelling of Bahadur which is found in the alternate titles list as a Mongolian equivalent for 'knight'. Therefore, use of Baatar as part of a name violates RfS VI.1 (Names Claiming Rank).
ANSTEORRA
Líadan Arundel. Device. Argent, a chevron gules between three sparrows close proper. 
This submission violates some of the provisions of RfS VIII.4.c. That rule states: "Proper is allowed for natural flora and fauna when there is a widely understood default coloration for the charge so specified. It is not allowed if many people would have to look up the correct coloration, or if the Linnaean genus and species (or some other elaborate description) would be required to get it right. An elephant, a brown bear, or a tree could each be proper; a female American kestrel, a garden rose, or an Arctic fox in winter phase, could not."
The College felt strongly that there was no "widely understood default coloration" for sparrows. The members of the College "would have to look up the correct coloration" in order to draw the sparrow correctly. European sparrows all have complicated markings that cannot be blazoned without "Linnaean genus and species (or some other elaborate description)." Most male European sparrows (the House, Tree, Italian, and Spanish Sparrows) have white chests, black bibs, brown wings, back and top of head, and brown or grey tails (with slight difference between them in the particulars of the markings). The only male European sparrow that don't match this general description is the Rock Sparrow, which is white with grey streaks below and buff and brown streaks above. The female sparrows are less elaborate in their coloration but are still complicated to describe.
The sparrows as drawn in this submission are also not a correct proper color for period European sparrows. The birds drawn in this emblazon have dark grey breasts and rumps, which does not match any of the European sparrow species described above.
Quentin de Rougemont. Device. Argent, a card pique gules. 
Conflict with a badge of the Canton of Copper Tree, Argent, a crabapple leaf gules. A crab apple leaf (as per this emblazon, and for that matter, the local apple tree) is a standard leaf shape (slim pointed oval) with a finely serrated edge. A crab apple leaf appears to be a non-period charge and thus, under RfS X.4.e, the difference from a card pique must be determined on visual grounds. There is significant difference (a CD) between this leaf shape and a card pique but not substantial (RfS X.2) difference.
This does not conflict with Merouda Pendray (badge for Sept Pendray), (Fieldless) A seablatt [sic] inverted gules. There is a CD for fieldlessness. No evidence has been presented, and none has been found, indicating that seeblatter and card piques were interchangeable in period. Prior precedent holds that a seeblatt and a card-pique-shaped leaf inverted are different enough on visual grounds to merit a CD. Per the LoAR of June 2003: "Since an aspen leaf is not a period heraldic charge, the difference between an aspen leaf inverted and a seeblatt must be determined on visual grounds per RfS X.4.e. There is sufficient visual difference between these two charges for a CD. A seeblatt is a heart-shaped leaf with the tip of the leaf to the base of the shield, and with some sort of notch (often, but not always, trefoil-shaped) taken out of the part of the leaf which is to chief. An aspen leaf inverted is also a leaf with the tip of the leaf to the base of the shield, but it has a very distinct stem issuant to chief rather than a notch removed from the leaf." Barring further information, it seems appropriate to rule, analogously, that there should be a CD between a seeblatt inverted and a card pique. 
ATENVELDT
Alexander gagarr. Device. Or, in pale a talbot rampant gules and a chevron inverted abased throughout purpure and in chief a pair of dice purpure marked Or. 
The dice are each shown with one edge facing the viewer, which is not period style. "While dice were shown in perspective, the known period examples depicted them face forward, rather than edge forward. This minimizes the effect of perspective. Therefore, we must return this device for redrawing" (LoAR of April 2000).
In addition, the College had concerns about the way in which this design uses an abased chevron inverted as a co-primary charge. There were concerns that this might be too far from period style to be accepted. We are not ruling on this issue at this time, but we suggest that this issue be addressed on resubmission.
Cassandra Attewoode. Device. Argent, a rose azure barbed within a wreath of thorns vert. 
Conflict with Alyanora of Vinca, Argent, a periwinkle [Vinca minor] proper. There is one CD for adding the wreath of thorns. Per the May 2000 LoAR, "Periwinkles are bluish purple and by current precedent (see the September 1996 LoAR, pg. 17 ...) they are not significantly different from either blue or purple roses."
Elena Glamorgan. Device. Per pale argent and vert, a natural panther sejant to sinister forepaw raised and a bear passant counterchanged and on a chief azure three cinquefoils argent. 
The panther is not in a heraldic posture. It is partway between the heraldically distinct couchant and sejant postures. Because this posture cannot be blazoned, this must be returned under RfS VII.7.a.
Gerardus Christopherus de Burgondia. Device. Sable, two swords inverted in saltire surmounted by a bear's head cabossed between two fleurs-de-lys in fess and another in base, all argent and in chief a label dovetailed Or. 
He has a letter of permission to conflict with Bryon l'Ours d'Argent de Bourgogne, Sable, two swords inverted in saltire surmounted by a bear's head cabossed between two fleurs-de-lys in fess and another in base, all argent.
This emblazon is drawn with a very small overall bear's head. As a result, there is a very high degree of overlap between the swords and the bear's head. Because the swords and the small overall bear's head are the same tincture, the high degree of overlap causes the small overall charge to be insufficiently identifiable per RfS VIII.3, which states in pertinent part, "Identifiable elements may be rendered unidentifiable by significant reduction in size, marginal contrast, ... or by being obscured by other elements of the design."
In general, it is acceptable to have a (round) bear's head cabossed surmounting (long thin) swords in saltire of the same tincture, as long as the bear's head is drawn large enough to maintain its identifiability. We note that in Bryon's device, the bear's head is drawn at least twice as wide in proportion to the swords as the bear's head found in this emblazon, so it does not suffer from this design problem.
Phineas Magollricke. Device. Quarterly gules and argent, two crosses formy swallowtailed gules each charged with a fleur-de-lys Or. 
RfS XI.3.b states, "Such fields [used for marshalling, like quarterly] may only be used when no single portion of the field may appear to be an independent piece of armory... No section of the field may contain an ordinary that terminates at the edge of that section, or more than one charge unless those charges are part of a group over the whole field." Here the second and third quarters each use more than one charge that is not part of a group over the whole field. The second and third quarters thus appear to be displays of the independent armory Argent, a cross formy swallowtailed gules charged with a fleur-de-lys Or. A hypothetical example of armory which would not violate this rule by having the charge group over the whole field would be Quarterly gules and argent, four crosses formy swallowtailed each charged with a fleur-de-lys counterchanged.
Ragnarr Gunnarsson. Household name Halir yórs. 
No evidence was presented, nor could any be found by the College, that a household name meaning 'Thor's men' or 'Thor's heroes' would be a reasonable name for a group of people in Old Norse. Also, no evidence was presented that Halir was a term that would be used to describe a group of people, nor that a group of people would be named after a god. Lacking documentation to address these two issues, this name does not meet the requirement in RfS III.2.b.iv that "Household names must follow the patterns of period names of organized groups of people."
In addition, many commenters expressed concern that this name might be presumptuous. In resubmission, the submitter should address whether this name is presumptuous.
Sorcha inghean Dhara mhic Seachnasaigh and Muirgheal inghean Raghailligh mhic Seachnasaigh. Joint badge. Per fess azure and vert, a fret and a bordure argent. 
Conflict with Cellach inghean ui Dhubhthaigh, registered in January 2003, Per pale azure and vert, a fret and a bordure argent. There is one CD for changing the field.
ATLANTIA
Brigit Gilbertstoune. Badge. (Fieldless) A cross patonce azure. 
Conflict with a badge of Isabella Benalcázar, (Fieldless) A cross of Santiago azure. There is one CD for fieldlessness, but no difference given for the type of cross: "A cross patonce and a cross of Santiago are both considered artistic variants of a cross flory; therefore, there is no CD for a cross patonce versus a cross of Santiago" (LoAR March 2001).
This does not conflict with Morgana Elisabetta Rosatti, (Fieldless) A cross fleury azure irradiated Or. Irradiated charges, when drawn correctly, are a CD from non-irradiated charges. Brooke-Little's An Heraldic Alphabet, defines irradiated as "Surrounded by rays of light. An irradiated charge is usually shown as if it were charged on a sun." The irradiated cross here is drawn appropriately, with very pronounced irradiation. There is thus one CD for fieldlessness, and a second CD for the irradiation.
Caisséne Merdrech. Badge. Or, a brock rampant sable maintaining an open book bendwise gules. 
The brock was blazoned as proper but is a solid sable color with some white markings on the head. As noted in the Cover Letter to this LoAR, there is no SCA-defined brock proper, so we have reblazoned this brock as sable.
This thus conflicts with Cormac MacCumail, Or, a wolverine rampant guardant sable, marked argent, within a bordure vert. There is one CD for removing the bordure. A wolverine is not a charge that is used in period heraldry, so its difference from a badger must be determined on visual grounds per RfS X.4.e. There is not sufficient difference between a badger and a wolverine to give a CD for this type change. There is no difference for the small change in posture, and no difference for adding the maintained book.
Ekaterina Vladimirovna. Device change. Or, a domestic cat sejant affronty head to dexter gules gorged with a pearled coronet argent and on a chief urdy azure three spools of thread Or. 
The repeats on the urdy chief are too numerous and too small to be registered. The proportions of the urdy are reasonable, but the line should be drawn with about half as many repeats, each of which should be twice as large.
A question was raised about whether the depiction of the spools of thread in this emblazon is overly modern. This form of spool is grandfathered to her in her current device, Or, a domestic cat sejant affronty, head turned to dexter gules on a chief rayonny azure three spools of thread Or.
The submitter is a court baroness and is entitled to use a coronet in her armory.
Note that the blazon on the Letter of Intent omitted the tincture of the cat, and most commenters did not state that they had correctly deduced its tincture. The College was not able to adequately check for conflict on this armory. This would have been a reason to pend the device for further research, had it not needed to be returned due to the problems with the depiction of the urdy chief.
Honora le Brun. Device. Per bend sable and purpure, on a bend between two fleurs-de-lys three open books palewise argent. 
The books were blazoned as sable, but they are actually argent. Only the internal thin-line details of the books - the edges of the pages and the lines representing writing on the pages - are sable. The argent books therefore have no contrast with the underlying argent bend and are in violation of RfS VIII.2.
The submitter should be advised to draw the fleurs-de-lys larger on resubmission.
CAID
Gareth Bearcroft. Name. 
No evidence was presented, nor could any be found, that Bearcroft is a plausible period spelling of the place documented as Bercroft in 1274 (Reaney and Wilson s.n. Barcroft). Siren said:
[P]eriod spellings of placenames whose modern first element is <Bar-> seem to be either <Bere->, <Ber-> or <Bar->, as in <Bereford> 1086 (Mills s.n. Barford), <Berlai> (s.n. Barlow 2) or <Barleie> 1086 (s.n. Barlow). This is true whether the first element refers to bears, boars, or barley. However, Ekwall says that the element <bearu> 'grove' (under that spelling) maintained a middle English e or ea spelling in Devon. There are a few placenames from Devon with dated spellings with <ea>; there is a single citation of <Beare> 1303 (Ekwall, s.n. Beer) and one of <Rockbear> 1275 (s.n. Rockbeare). Unfortunately, when used as a protheme, this element seems to maintain the second syllable, as in <Barwisford> (s.n. Barrasford) and <Barouford> (s.n. Barrowford). So, we can justify <Barcroft>, <Bercroft>, <Barwiscroft>, or <Beare of Croft>, but not <Bearcroft>.
As the submitter allows no changes, we cannot change the byname to one of the forms suggested by Siren in order to register this name.
Gareth Marcellus von Köln. Badge. (Fieldless) A sword surmounted by a horse's head couped argent. 
Conflict with Enawynne Olwen, Per bend vert and azure, a sword proper surmounted by a horse's head couped argent gorged of a collar Or, chased sable. There is one CD for fieldessness. There is no difference for the small tincture change between a sword proper (argent hilted Or) and a sword argent. The collar in Enawynne's armory is sable with Or edges, and is at the very bottom of the horse's neck, so that the bottom edge of the collar lies directly on the field (unlike a usual collared head, where the collar lies entirely on the neck, with neck showing above and below the collar). In this emblazon, the gorging functions more like fimbriation of the bottom edge of the horse's neck rather than a tertiary charge on the neck. It also lacks visual significance. This oddly placed collar is thus not worth difference for its addition or removal.
Note that the tincture of the charges was omitted in the Letter of Intent. While the blazon was was corrected by the Kingdom in a letter dated September 30 2003, this was too late to be a timely correction for primary commentary on a July Letter of Intent. Thus, conflict was not fully checked on this submission.
Jordan of Marlborough. Device. Per chevron sable and gules. 
Conflict with Eliza O'Donegan, Per chevron vert and sable. A very similar previous ruling held:
[Per chevron ermine and vert] Conflict with... Per chevron vert and sable. The only possible rule that could make these clear is RfS X.4.a.ii.b, Complete Change of Tincture (part of the Field-Primary Armory rules); however that rule states "If the fields of two pieces of field-primary armory have no tinctures in common, they are considered completely different and do not conflict, irrespective of any other similarities between them." While each portion of the field has changed tincture, one cannot say that they do not have a tincture in common" (LoAR of January 2001).
This case is analogous: both pieces of armory share the sable tincture, so RfS X.4.a.ii.b does not apply, and there is thus only one CD for changing the field.
Please advise the submitter that, in the future, he should draw the per chevron line so that it is more centered on the field.
Kolfinna k{o,}ttr. Household name Skialdmær Hus. 
While the submitter demonstrated that skialdmær was used as a feminine byname in the sagas, she did not demonstrate that the Norse had a pattern of naming households or other organized groups after a person's byname. Barring evidence of that pattern, this name is not registerable.
Lorccán hua Conchobair. Badge. (Fieldless) A mullet vert pierced argent. 
Conflict with Ciarnat ferch Cynan, Argent ermined vert, on a mullet vert a fox's mask argent. There is one CD for changing the field. The piercing here is identical to charging the mullet with a roundel argent, so the difference between the argent fox's mask and the argent piercing is effectively only changing the type of tertiary charge. This is not sufficient difference for a CD per RfS X.4.j.ii, because a mullet is not a "suitable" charge for purposes of this rule, which states:
A charge is suitable for the purposes of this rule if (a) it is simple enough in outline to be voided, and (b) it is correctly drawn with an interior substantial enough to display easily recognizable charges ... [cited as an example in the rule] Gules, on a mullet of six points Or a cross crosslet sable does not have a clear difference from Gules, on a mullet of six points Or a pellet because the interior of a correctly drawn mullet of six points is too small.
Note that both mullets of five points and mullets of six points are period charges, and given the range of variation with which these charges are drawn in period, a mullet of five points is just as suitable (or unsuitable) for purposes of RfS X.4.j.ii as a mullet of six points.
This likewise conflicts with a badge of Astra Christiana Benedict, (Tinctureless) On a mullet a cross crosslet. There is one CD for tincturelessness, but, as stated above, there is no additional difference for changing the type only of tertiary charge.
Sarah Deibhiosdan. Name. 
Deibhiosdan was documented from Black (p. 202 s.n. Davidson). However, when Black lists a "Gaelic" form of a name, he is referring to a modern form. In some cases, the name also appeared during our time period, but in many cases, the Gaelic form is recent.
In the case of Deibhiosdan, no documentation was presented and none was found that any form of Davidson appeared in Gaelic in period. Lacking such evidence, Deibhiosdan is not registerable.
As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to change the byname to an English form in order to register this name.
DRACHENWALD
Guðrøðr of Colanhomm. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, an annulet sable. 
Conflict with Conrad Breakring, Argent, an annulet fracted on the dexter side sable. There is one CD for changing the field but nothing for fracting the annulet. The LoAR of February 1999, p. 10, gave no difference between a serpent involved (a serpent biting its tail so that its body is in a circle) and Conrad's annulet fracted: "[Or, a serpent involved sable] This conflicts with Conrad Breakring of Ascalon, Argent, an annulet fracted on the dexter side sable., with one CD for the difference in the fields." This default annulet should resemble Conrad's fracted annulet even more strongly than the fracted annulet resembles a snake involved.
EALDORMERE
Diogenia Melanesi. Device. Or, a bull salient gules and on a chief embattled purpure an open book Or. 
Members of the College were not able to distinguish whether the bull was in the salient, passant or courant posture due to the very shallow angle of the bull's body and the placement of its feet. The salient posture is palewise or bendwise, and the passant and courant postures are fesswise. Salient is a heraldically distinct posture from passant and courant and thus it is not acceptable to blur the distinction between these postures. It is also not possible to blazon this posture accurately, which violates RfS VII.7.a.
Liadan Chu. Device. Argent, three teasels slipped and leaved vert between two flaunches purpure each charged with a triquetra fesswise one point outwards Or. 
Per the LoAR of September 2001, "Please advise the submitter to draw the flaunches issuing from the top corners of the shield rather than from the chief." Unfortunately, the flaunches in this emblazon are drawn in a fashion that is so far from the standard depiction of flaunches that they may not be registered without redrawing. As drawn here, the flaunches each issue from the chief, with each flaunch issuing from about one-fourth of the width of the shield in from the corners of the shield. The flaunches have an unusually shallow curve as well, and the overall effect is to create armorial ambiguity: it is not clear whether this emblazon depicts purpure flaunches on an argent field, or whether it depicts an oddly ployé argent pale on a purpure field.
In addition, the triquetras on the mini-emblazon are not drawn in the same orientation as the ones in the full-sized emblazon, and they are difficult to blazon. The triquetras on the mini-emblazon are drawn fesswise with one point pointing towards the inside of the shield, whereas the triquetras on the full-sized emblazon are each drawn fesswise with one point pointing towards the outside of the shield. The difficulty in blazoning the triquetras suggests that this is not standard period style. As for the discrepancy between the drawing of the triquetras on the full-sized and mini-emblazon, we remind the kingdom that the Administrative Handbook requires that the mini-emblazon on the Letter of Intent must be "an accurate representation" of the armory under submission.
The Pictorial Dictionary indicates that teasels should be explicitly blazoned as slipped and leaved if they are slipped and leaved, so we have modified the blazon accordingly.
EAST
Ascelinne de Chambord. Device. Argent, a chevron sable between three unicorn's heads couped azure. 
Conflict with James of Riverhold (registered in October 2003), Argent, a chevron sable between in chief two mermaids each maintaining a sword and in base a crescent azure. There is only one CD for changing the type of the secondary charge group around the chevron.
Avice Greylyng. Device. Per pale vert and purpure, three dragons each involved in annulo inverted argent. 
Each of these dragons is inverted: on its back with its paws in the air. "The College has judged inverted creatures to be unacceptable style, barring documentation of this practice in period heraldry" (LoAR of September 1993, p. 21). The College has not yet found, or been presented with, documentation for animals in this involved in annulo inverted posture. The device must therefore be returned.
We note that the ruling in the October 2000 LoAR stating, "By precedent we do not register inverted animals unless they are part of an arrangement in annulo", does apply to the armorial design found in this submission. This submission consists of three dragons in an arrangement two and one, not an arrangement in annulo. The precedent refers to an arrangement in annulo without specifying the posture of the animals in that arrangement. For example, Three dragons courant in annulo would be in an arrangement where the three courant dragons would be running in a circle, feet towards the center of the shield. As a result, the bottommost dragon in the group must perforce be inverted. The precedent makes clear that such an arrangement in annulo is acceptable, even though one of the animals in such an arrangement is inverted.
Deiniol filius Gwrgwst. Device. Vert, three dice in pale argent between flaunches checky Or and sable. 
The dice are drawn in a non-period style, with one edge forward: "While dice were shown in perspective, the known period examples depicted them face forward, rather than edge forward. This minimizes the effect of perspective. Therefore, we must return this device for redrawing" (LoAR of April 2000).
Dwynwen of Padstow. Device. Per fess engrailed argent and azure, a sea-wolf counterchanged sable and argent maintaining a rose sable slipped and leaved vert. 
Conflict with James Addison of Woolpit, Per fess wavy argent and azure, a sea-wolf erect counterchanged sable and argent, scaly vert. The only immediately apparent visual difference when comparing these emblazons is the wavy versus engrailed line of division on the field. The scaly treatment of the tail of the sea-wolf on James' device does not look like a field treatment that merits a CD for tincture change, but appears to be the kind of standard fine line scale details one might ordinarily see on a fish tail. The sea-wolf is very narrow where it hits the line of division so the difference between per fess wavy and per fess engrailed is negligible over such a short distance. On the whole, there is insufficient visual difference to allow the two pieces of armory to be clear under RfS X.5.
The sea-wolf's tail in this submission is drawn with tufts of fur, which is not the expected treatment for the tail of any of the heraldic sea-monsters which are formed as a fish-tailed demi-beast. Please advise the submitter to draw a standard fish tail on resubmission.
Engel Irene Lassin. Name. 
This name has several problems. First, Engel was submitted as a feminine name based on a citation in Bahlow (s.n. Engel) of H. domine Engele. However, it is not clear that this is a reference to a given name, let alone a feminine one. Nebuly explains:
There is one citation that Bahlow interprets as a metronym, but I believe this is an error. The citation is:
Occurs as metr.: Heinrich fron Englun = H. domine Engele [= H. of Lady Engel], 1244
I believe this is a misinterpreted reference to Henry III, ruler of England at the time of the citation, and not a reference to someone called "of Lady Engel." This interpretation probably results from a misreading of domina (lady) for dominus (ruler).
Barring clear evidence of Engel as a feminine name, it is only registerable as a masculine name.
Second, the element Irene was justified as a saint's name. However, she is not a Catholic saint, but an Orthodox one. Barring evidence of a cult of Saint Irene in Germany, the name is only justifiable in linguistic traditions in which Orthodox saints were venerated.
Finally Lassin is a hypothetical variant of the undated surname Lassen, which may or may not be a variant of Larsen. No evidence was presented nor could any be found that any form of Lassen was used in German in period. To register this element, the spelling would have to be changed to a documented form.
This name, then, combines a masculine given name with a feminine given name, rendering the name unregisterable. We might consider Irene a matronymic byname, but Lassin appears to be a patronymic form; no evidence has been found for two patronymic bynames in German or for a patronymic and matronymic byname. We cannot drop the element Irene or the element Lassin, as the submitter does not allow major changes.
Her armory has been registered under the holding name Irene of Anglespur.
Fiamuin Kareman. Name. 
Precedent states:
Names of saints are registerable, regardless of whether they are apocryphal or not. This policy is due to the practice in many cultures (though not in Gaelic) of naming children for saints. (For more details, see the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR.) As Dáirine was not herself a saint and the name has not been documented as having been otherwise used in period, it falls into the category of a legendary name and is not registerable. [Dáirine ingen Chiaragain, 06/02, R-Caid]
Similarly, Fiamuin is only found as the name of the mother of Saint Berchán of Clonsast. As she was not herself a saint and as the name has not been documented as having been otherwise used in period, it falls into the category of a legeendary name and is not registerable.
Her armory has been registered under the holding name Amy of Malagentia.
Gerlanda Amori d'Agrigento. Name. 
The name Gerlanda was documented as a modern name. The masculine Gerlando was only documented to period as the name of a saint whose cult was essentially limited to Sicily. Barring some evidence that the masculine form was in general use in period, we cannot give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the feminine form was used in period.
Hidesada Tadatsune. Name. 
Hidesada was constructed as a surname based on two period elements. However, the masculine nanori Sadahide exists and is dated to 1392. This suggests that Hidesada is not an appropriate order for these elements. In addition, we could find no evidence that either element (hide or sada) was used in surnames. Barring evidence that Hidesada is a plausible surname, it is not registerable.
His armory has been registered under the holding name Tadatsune of Carolingia.
MERIDIES
Alienor of Iron Mountain. Device. Azure, a dunghill cock Or. 
Conflict with Sabine de Provence (registered in July 2003), Quarterly azure and ermine, a hen close Or. There is one CD for changing the field, but no difference between a dunghill cock and a hen. While the dunghill cock generally has a more pronounced tail and comb than the hen, given the period variations with which these charges are drawn, there is little visual difference between them. No evidence has been presented or found to indicate that period heralds would have given difference between these charges.
This also conflicts with Tavia of Persia (registered in September 2003), Azure, a simurgh close Or. A simurgh is a monster which is effectively identical to a peacock. Per this month's cover letter, both dunghill cocks and peacocks are "poultry-shaped" birds, and substantial difference cannot be given between them, which would be necessary to clear this conflict under RfS X.2.
Both dunghill cocks and peacocks have details on their heads (a crest for the peacock, a comb and wattles for the dunghill cock) and both have prominent tails. Despite these vague similarities, they are considered different in period, and consistently drawn differently in period. They are thus significantly different, and a CD is given between them.
Cera ingen Celaig. Name. 
This name conflicts with Ceara ingen ui Chellaig (registered in January 1999). The discussion "From Pelican: Which Gaelic and Anglicized Particles Should Conflict?", in the Cover Letter for the April 2002 LoAR, explains that:
Pronunciations for this group of particles are similar enough that these particles conflict with each other:
inghean (pronounced "IN-yen" or "NEE-yen") 
neyn (pronounced "NEE-yen") 
inghean uí (pronounced "IN-yen EE" or "nee") 
ny, ni (pronounced "nee")
Since ingen is an earlier form of inghean, the pronunciations of ingen and ingen uí are similar enough that they also conflict. Therefore, the submitted name Cera ingen Celaig is an auditory conflict with the registered Ceara ingen ui Chellaig.
This name was originally submitted as Ceara ingen Cellaig. The given name was changed at Kingdom from the Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Ceara to the Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) form Cera to match the submitted form of the byname. As the originally submitted form of her name used Ceara, and she did not request authenticity, we have registered her armory under the holding name Ceara of Meridies.
Danièlla Rosamarìa D'Abramo. Name. 
This name has several problems. First, Danièlla is not documented as a period name, but only as a modern one. The masculine Daniello can be found in the 1427 Florence census, but in general names derived from Old Testament figures were not feminized in period. Therefore, barring evidence that any form of Danièlla was used in period, it is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we are unable to drop this element in order to register this name.
An additional problem is that no evidence was found for the compound name Rosamaria in period. Both Rosa and Maria are names, and each is registerable. Splitting the submitted Rosamaria into two given names would result in this submission having three given names. A name with three given names in Italian is currently registerable, though it is a weirdness:
This name was submitted as three given names and a locative byname. The registration of Arianna Rosa Christina Veneziano (registered February 1996) was supported by documentation that Catherine de' Medici was christened Caterina Maria Romola. This single example of three given names in Italian makes three given names registerable, though a weirdness. As this name only has a total of four elements, it is not affected by the bar against five element names in Italian (ruled unregisterable in September 1992 with the return of Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento). [Giovanni Giuseppe Gherardo Monteverde, 03/2002 LoAR, A-Atlantia]
As a note, the submitter should know that the accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not actually a part of the name.
Her armory has been registered under the holding name Teresa of Meridies.
Eiríkr Thórisson. Name. 
This name conflicts with Eiríkr Thórisson (registered in October 1997 via Calontir).
Elspeth Forsythe. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, a bordure sable semy of escallops argent. 
Conflict with a trademark of the BMW corporation, Quarterly azure and argent, on a bordure sable in chief the letters B M W argent. There is only one CD for the cumulative changes to the group of charges on the bordure per RfS X.4.j. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office shows that the blazon given here describes all the colored BMW trademarks registered since 1945. Administrative Handbook, III.B.4. states: "Copyrighted Images, Trademarks, Military Insignia, etc. - Such items may be protected when covered by applicable laws and regulations in the country from which the material derives. Material such as military insignia may be afforded protection on a case-by-case basis even where this is not required by law."
Emmeline Bethoux. Name. 
No evidence was presented that the name Bethoux was used in period. In fact, the College could find no evidence of its use before the 18th century.
The College was able to find several similar sounding but unrelated names, including Bethonne, dated to 1311 in Morlet Étude d'Anthroponymie Picarde and Bette, dated to 1175 in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Bett). However, changing the byname to use one of these unrelated names is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Therefore, this name must be returned.
Glyn of Chesshire. Device. Paly of four sable and argent, three horses statant to sinister counterchanged. 
Per the LoAR of August 2001, "In general, we would like to see documentation for any charge counterchanged over a multiply divided field, such as barry or gyronny." No documentation was presented with this submission showing a general practice of counterchanging multiple complex-outlined charges (like horses) over a multiply divided field (like paly). Such designs are intrinsically difficult to identify, and do not appear to be period style. Without documentation for this practice, it may not be registered.
Meridies, Kingdom of. Badge for the populace. Sable, on a saltire voided Or nine mullets of five points argent. 
This submission received much more commentary than most submissions. The College of Arms was uniformly of the opinion that this submission was problematic in its apparent reference to the protected non-SCA flag (battle standard) of the Confederate States of America, Gules, a saltire azure fimbriated and mullety argent. The strength of the College's reaction mandates the return of this badge.
Some commenters objected to the armory on the grounds of obtrusive modernity, stating that this armory caused their perceptions to be wrenched from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance to the times of, or since, the American Civil War. The pertinent rule is RfS VIII.4, Obtrusive Modernity, subclause b, Modern Insignia, which states "Overt allusions to modern insignia, trademarks, or common designs may not be registered." Others commenters felt that the armory was problematic under RfS IX.4, Offensive Political Symbolism, which states, "Symbolism specifically associated with social or political movements or events that may be offensive to a particular race, religion, or ethnic group, will not be registered." A number of commenters thought that this armory violated both of these rules.
Rauf Frogenhall. Device. Argent, a frog salient guardant vert maintaining a bow and arrow bendwise gules. 
Conflict with Greer Jonsdottir, Argent, a frog rampant vert spotted sable, a bordure embattled vert. There is one CD for removing the bordure. There is no additional difference for adding the maintained bow and arrow. There is no difference for removing the spots on the frog, as they are low-contrast markings that are not worth difference.
The frog as drawn here has front legs and hind legs of similar length. None of the feet are webbed: instead they have three small separate fingers or toes. The frog suffers from the same general problems that caused the return of an unidentifiably drawn frog in the LoAR of September 2003: "This frog is not drawn identifiably. Most notably, it lacks the expected webbed feet (appearing, rather, to have feline paws), and instead of having a frog's long hind legs and rear feet, its hind legs and hind feet are only slightly larger than the forelegs and forefeet. In general, the College uniformly found this emblazon to be difficult to identify for a number of artistic reasons."
Rúnólfr orðlokarr Úlfsson. Device. Sable, on a plate between three wolves courant contourny in annulo feet to center argent a Norse reiðr rune sable. 
The wolves are not clearly postured. They are in some posture between salient, courant and passant. Salient is a heraldically distinct posture from courant and passant. This submission must therefore be returned for violating RfS VII.7.b, which states, "Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon."
The rune was originally blazoned as a Rad rune. According to Metron Ariston, "It should be noted that the term Norse Rad rune is paradoxical as the usual Norse name for the rune is reið or reiðr while the Old English term is rad. Therefore, it is either a Norse reið rune or an Old English rad rune!" On resubmission, the submitter should blazon the rune in a fashion which clearly matches the intended culture of the rune.
Sean O'Neill. Name. 
This conflicts with Shane O'Neill, a 16th C Irish chieftain of the O'Neill clan. Shane O'Neill has his own entry in the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, describing his dealings with Elizabeth I of England. His actions during our period were significant and had an major impact on the area he ruled, making him important enough to protect.
Svana mjóbeina. Device. Vair en pointe, a bend Or and overall riding on a horse salient gules a nude woman argent crined Or. 
The woman was blazoned on the LoI as proper, but she is argent. There is insufficient contrast between the half-argent complex field and either an argent complex-outlined charge (as emblazoned), or a Caucasian proper complex-outlined charge (as originally blazoned).
In addition please advise the submitter to draw the vair more boldly.
Viviána le Silente. Name. 
No evidence was presented nor could any be found that silente was used in period, or that it is an appropriate byname in Italian. Barring such evidence, the byname le Silente is not registerable. The evidence the College collected suggested that la Tacita would be more likely. However, as the submitter does not allow major changes, we cannot make that change.
In addition, the accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not part of the name. Therefore, we have removed them from the given name when creating her holding name.
Her armory has been registered under the holding name Viviana of Meridies.
Zebeeba al-Kharqaa. Badge. (Fieldless) On a trefoil gules three crescents in pall inverted horns inward conjoined at the horns argent. 
The College felt that this submission was overly visually confusing and insufficiently identifiable. While the blazon describes a trefoil charged with three conjoined crescents, the College felt that this design closely resembled a trefoil charged with a trefoil voided. This results in a situation similar to one which was ruled on in the LoAR of November 1992, p.20: "[On a trefoil slipped three hearts points to center] The radial arrangement of the tertiary charges is not period style, and their placement makes this effectively 'a shamrock... voided...' which is not permissible because it becomes effectively 'thin-line' heraldry."
MIDDLE
None.
NORTHSHIELD
None.
WEST
None.

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE JUNE 2004 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED)
EAST
Hubert d'Avignon. Device. Quarterly azure and vert, in bend two crescents Or. 
The field was blazoned on the Letter of Intent as Quarterly azure and argent, so this needs to be pended for further research.
(This was item 36 on the East's LoI that had the nominal dates of June 20 and 15, 2003, but was redated due to its postmark to July 1.)