THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Ælfgyfu hearpestre. Device. Azure, a cross raguly argent between a harp Or and three geese rising wings addorsed argent.

Æthelmearc, Kingdom of. Badge for Kingdom Houndmaster or Houndmistress. Or, a pall gules between three pawprints sable.

Alaric Parthenay. Name.

Delftwood, Barony of. Order name Order of the Capstan and badge. (Fieldless) A cogwheel per bend azure and argent.

Delftwood, Barony of. Badge (see RETURNS for Order name Order of the Millguard). (Fieldless) A saltire moline gyronny argent and azure.

Delftwood, Barony of. Badge (see RETURNS for Order name Order of the Mistral). (Fieldless) A mistral contourny argent.

Eldjarn bildr. Name and device. Quarterly sable and argent, two double-bitted axes in saltire counterchanged.

Elena of Sunderoak. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a dragon segreant vert and on a chief embattled gules a needle palewise argent conjoined by the thread to a quill of yarn palewise Or.

Submitted under the name Elena Le Taillure.

Hunter's Home, Shire of. Ancient arms. Purpure, three chalices within a laurel wreath Or.

These arms were released by the group upon the registration of their current arms in August 2002. At the time, they were unaware that they could keep them as ancient arms. Under the circumstances, we think it appropriate to reinstate these arms as ancient arms at the group's request.

Kj{o,}tví Þorgrimsson. Device. Per pale sable and argent, two axes in saltire between in fess two wolf's heads erased respectant counterchanged.

Roland of Foxesglen. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There was some question whether -glen was ever used as a deuterotheme in English placenames. Mills, A Dictionary of English Place-names s.n. Rutherglen, dates Ruthirglen to 1160. While a single example does not a pattern make, it should be sufficient to allow registration in this case.

ANSTEORRA

Alarich Iarngard von Thorn. Device. Pean, a lion contourny queue-forchy Or and a bordure compony Or and gules.

Branislava Kirilova doch' Volkova. Name.

Domhnall Dubh Ó Ruairc. Device. Sable, an eagle rising wings addorsed within an orle argent.

Donnchadh Beag mac Griogair. Name and device. Per chevron Or and vert, two casks proper and a Celtic cross argent.

Elena Kirkman. Name.

Elizabeta di Valore della Rosa. Name and device. Argent, a unicorn rampant sable between three roses, a bordure gules.

Gwenhwyvar Befr. Name change from Jennifer of Middleford.

Submitted as Gwenhwyvar Pefr, bynames and patronymics lenite when used with feminine given names. We have changed the name to Gwenhwyvar Befr to add the required lenition.

Her previous name, Jennifer of Middleford, is released.

Ikishima Katsutoshi. Name and device. Gules, in fess a decrescent and a bat Or.

Jeanette du Bois. Reblazon of device. Per fess azure and vert, a cross embattled argent between in bend sinister a seagull volant wings elevated and addorsed proper and a natural sea-horse erect contourny argent.

Originally blazoned as Per fess azure and vert, a cross embattled argent between in bend sinister a seagull volant [Larus marinus], wings elevated and addorsed, proper and a sea-horse[Synghathidae hippocampus hudsonius] couter-erect argent, we have blazoned the sea-horse as a natural sea-horse and removed the Linnean species as is now the standard practice.

Malcolm de Crauford. Device. Per pale argent and sable, a triquetra inverted between three dachshunds statant in annulo one and two counterchanged.

Margery Tailor. Name.

Pedrog Sylverberd. Device. Per pale gules and sable, on a roundel argent a griffin sable.

Reneé d'Avranches. Name.

Submitted as Reneé d'Avronches, the documentation for the byname shows the spelling as Avranches. We have made this change.

The given name Reneé is the submitter's legal given name; the submitter requested correct spelling for French. The standard modern French spelling of this name is Renée. However, no documentation was included and none found that the feminine name Renée was used in period. Without proof of the name in period, or that it follow period patterns for forming feminine given names, Renée cannot be registered. Therefore, we are unable to change the spelling of the given name.

Tara of Middleford. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale Or and azure, two horses combattant and in base a quatrefoil slipped bendwise counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Tara Maeve M'Glave.

Valia of the Mists. Name and device. Azure, a horse salient contourny argent, a sinister gore vairy Or and gules.

Victoria MacEwan. Device. Purpure, a bear statant argent between three sunbursts Or clouded argent.

ATENVELDT

Aedan the Bull. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, on a sun within an orle Or a triskele sable.

No documentation was submitted for the byname the Bull, although the commenters provided copious documentation for it. Submissions heralds, please remember that all elements in a name must be documented. In addition, the summarization claimed that the byname was registerable under the lingua anglica rule. However, lingua anglica is for translations of attested bynames in languages other than English. To assert that a name is registerable under the lingua anglica rule, it must first be documented in its original language.

Amalric d'Acre. Badge. Azure, three buckets in pall handles to center and interlaced argent.

Brymstone College. Badge. (Fieldless) A three-headed hound passant Or.

They have a letter of permission to conflict from Tristen Sexwulf, Quarterly gules and sable, a wolf statant Or.

Caitríona Bhán. Name and device. Argent, a fret and on a chief wavy azure three escallops argent.

Submitted as Caitriona Bán, descriptive bynames lenite when used to modify feminine names. We have added the lenition and registered the name as Caitriona Bhán.

This name does not conflict with Caristiona Bhan; although the bynames are identical, the given names are pronounced very much like /kath-REE-na/ (Caitriona) and /ka-ris-TEE-na/ (Caristiona). This name also does not conflict with Caitriona ni Bhraian and Catelin MacBain. Although the given names are all variants of the same name, the bynames are of different types with different meanings. Bhán is a descriptive byname, while ni Bhraian and MacBain are both patronymics. In addition, the pronunciations are different enough to prevent conflict.

Catylyn verch Morgant ap Llewellyn. Name and device. Per fess indented argent and vert, three triskeles sable and a stag lodged argent.

This name is not an aural conflict with Caitlin Morgana ferch Llywellyn. Although prepositions and articles are not considered significant for clearing aural conflict, patronymic particles can significantly alter the sound and appearance of a name. The April 2002 Cover Letter noted that two Gaelic patronymic particles do not conflict if 1) they are significantly different in sound and appearance, and 2) they denote a significantly different relationship. The letter further noted that, for purposes of conflict, all of the following are significantly different relationships: son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter, wife, husband, brother, sister. The same principle applies to Welsh patronymic particles. In this case, the particle ap (son) is signficantly different in sound and appearance from ferch (daughter), and they denote significantly different relationships.

The only documentation presented for the byname verch Morgant was an example of a registered name. This is completely insufficient as documentation. We remind submissions heralds that past registration is not a guarantee of current registerability. In this case, the name Morgant is found in several medieval Welsh genealogies including the Harleian MS. 3859 (www.webexcel.ndirect.co.uk/gwarnant/hanes/genealogies/genealogies.htm) and Jesus College MS. 20 (www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/jesus_college_20/).

Egan Glyndwr. Name and device. Per chevron sable and papellony argent and gules, two wyverns passant argent.

There was some question whether Egan was a period anglicization of the name Aodhagáin. O Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names provide this spelling, but their anglicizations are typically modern. However, Tangwystl ferch Morgant Glasvyn, "Names and Naming Practices in the Fitzwilliam Accounts from 16th C Ireland", lists the patronymic byname McKegan. We believe this is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that this anglicization follows reasonably late period models. This name combines Anglicized Irish and Welsh; this is one step from period practice.

Fionnghuala Feuterer. Name and device. Or, a greyhound passant contourny sable and a ford proper.

Submitted as Fionnghuala the Fewterer, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Irish and allowed all changes. As submitted, this name mixes Gaelic and English, which is one step from period practice. Bardsley, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames s.n. Fewterer, lists a Walter le Feuterer in 1273. We have changed the byname to this form, which should be a reasonable Anglo-Norman form of the byname, to partially comply with her request for authenticity. The earliest non-Gaelic form of Fionghuala that the College was able to locate is Fingola in 1342; however, the name is that of a Scotswoman and in a Latin context. Although this is somewhat more authentic than her submitted name, it doesn't really match her request. Therefore, we will not change the given name, but will suggest that Fingola la feuterer as a possible Scottish name for the early to mid-14th C.

Gunnar Skullsplitter. Name and device. Gules, on a delf argent a raven displayed sable.

The question was raised as to whether this device has the appearance of arms of pretense displaying the arms of Prussia, Argent, an eagle displayed sable crowned Or, a resemblance based on the fact that we do not generally distinguish between types of bird when they are displayed nor do we consider removing the crown to be a significant difference. However, the relevent rule, RfS XI.4, was amended in the June 2001 Cover Letter. Under the amended rule, the appearance of pretense occurs only when the charge bearing the potential arms of pretense is an escutcheon. The purpose of the amendment was to reflect the practice of period (and modern) heraldry: arms of pretense are displayed on an escutcheon even when the underlying coat is displayed as some other shape. A period example of this can be found in Fox-Davies's The Art of Heraldry, Plate CXXXIII, which shows the arms of Mary of Lorraine, queen of James V of Scotland, displayed on a lozenge and bearing an escutcheon of pretense in the conventional heater shape. The present submission, by using a delf, avoids any appearance of pretense.

Gunnar Skullsplitter. Badge. Per fess indented argent and gules, a raven displayed counterchanged sable and argent.

Helene Lionstar of Ravenspur. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, two cameleopards statant respectant reguardant necks crossed in saltire counterchanged marked sable.

The byname phrase Lionstar of Ravenspur is grandfathered to her; it is the registered byname of her husband, Ælfred Lionstar of Ravenspur, registered June 1987.

Maghnus mac Beathain. Name and device. Per chevron embattled sable and azure, three fleurs-de-lys and a lion argent maintaining a leather targe proper.

Marek the Jew. Name and device. Gules, two leopard's faces jessant-de-lys and a standing balance Or.

The only documentation submitted for the byname the Jew was "The byname is a religious descriptive one; its English form is permitted under the lingua anglica allowance." This is completely deficient documentation; had the College not been able to provide documentation for this byname, we would have been forced to return this name. In addition, lingua anglica is for translations of attested bynames in languages other than English. To assert that a name is registerable under lingua anglica, it must first be documented in another language that is compatible with the rest of the name. In this case, the given name is Polish, so we would expect to have documentation for a Polish form of the biname the Jew. Nebuly documented a byname with this meaning in 15th C Polish: "The modern Polish word for Jew is {Z.}yd (note the dot over the Z). The SSNO (s.n. {Z.}yd) has a number of 15th century citations using Zyd or Szyd as an ethnic byname." Because the given name Polish, and because Nebuly found documentation for a Polish byname with the desired meaning, this byname is registerable under the lingua anglica rule.

Perin de la Serena. Device. Per chevron argent and vert semy of cinquefoils argent, in chief two orange trees eradicated proper.

Sæunn kerling. Device. Argent, a kraken purpure and a chief rayonny azure.

ATLANTIA

Antonio di Capizzi. Name.

Nice name!

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Household name change to Company of the Sergeants of Saint Aidan from Company of Saint Aidan.

This item was listed on the LoI as a change of Order name, but Company of Saint Aidan is listed in the Armorial as a household name. These comments were made on its registration:

Submitted as an order name with the name Order of Saint Aiden, updated information provided by Kingdom is that this is not an order. As such, the designator Order is not appropriate. We have therefore changed the designator to Company.

Submitted as Sergeants of Saint Aidan, the word Sergeants is not an appropriate designator for a household or an Order. Designators are collective nouns that always imply membership in a particular body or fellowship; if they modify a further name, the designator denotes that the name must be that particular body or fellowship. Take, for example, the word army. The phrase The Army of Milan unambiguously denotes a single body or collective which acts with a singular purpose. By contrast The Sergeants of Milan could denote a single body or collective, or it could simply mean each sergeant who lives in Milan. Because Sergeants does not unambiguously denote a single body, it is not appropriate for use as a designator in a household or Order name. It is, however, just fine as a descriptive element. Therefore, we have changed this to Company of the Sergeants of Saint Aidan in order to register it.

The previous name Company of Saint Aidan is released.

Emma Barfoot. Name.

Etain of Sutherland. Name.

This name mixes Gaelic and Scots, this is one step from period practice.

Gertrude zu dem Walde. Name.

This name mixes English and German, which is one step from period practice. A fully German form of this name would be Gertrud zu dem Walde. Gertrud is dated to the 12th C in Socin, Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch.

James Sutherland of Inverness. Device. Argent, a caduceus sable and on a chief azure three staples argent.

Katherine O'Carroll. Device. Azure, a bird volant to sinister argent and a ford proper, on a chief argent three moons in their plenitude azure.

Lora Moore. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and azure, two lightning bolts bendwise sinister argent.

Magdalina Ilianova. Device. Vair, a magpie sable and on a chief gules three annulets Or.

Magnus Stewart. Reblazon of device. Sable semy of lozenges, on a bordure argent three lozenges sable.

Originally blazoned as Sable, a semy of lozenges on a bordure argent, three lozenges sable, we have removed the article before semy and adjusted the commas to correct the grammar.

Marlein Magdalena Weber von Rothenburg. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture; the documentation for the name is German. Four element names in German are practically unknown, but we do have one example: Otto Berthold Truchsess von Waldburg from Socin Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch. Nach oberrheinischen Quellen des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts. According to Socin, "Double forenames do not begin to come into general use before about 1500". Therefore, the formation of this name represents a rare, but authentic, pattern. If the submitter is interested in a typical late period German name, we recommend dropping one of the elements; if she prefers an earlier period, we recommend dropping a given name and a byname.

Melisent la Ruse. Device. Vert, a fleur-de-lys Or and on a chief argent three crosses bottony sable.

Raphael de la Rosa. Name and badge. (Fieldless) A scythe bendwise and overall a skull argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture, and indicated that he prefered the submitted spelling of the given name Raphael. This spelling is the spelling found in the Vulgate Bible for the Angel Raphael. As documented, this name mixes Latin and Spanish, but de la Rosa is the expected Latin form for the byname. If the submitter is interested in a fully Spanish form of this name, we suggest Rafael de la Rosa.

Robert Pine. Household name House Beehive and badge. (Fieldless) A beehive within and conjoined to an annulet argent.

Sudentorre, Canton of. Device. Argent, a wooden door proper within and conjoined to an arch sable masoned argent, on a chief wavy azure a laurel wreath argent.

Vittorio Mezzadri. Name.

CAID

Artemas the Innkeeper. Alternate name Artemas Manchester.

The given name Artemas is the given name in the submitter's registered primary name, and, therefore, grandfathered to the submitter.

The submitter noted that she was interested in a feminine name. However, there is a similar Italian name, Artemisia. The best known bearer of this name is the painter Artemisia Gentileschi, born in Rome in 1593. We note that Artemisia Manchester would mix Italian and English, which is one step from period practice.

Brigit Olesdottir of Loch Ree. Reblazon of device. Argent, a natural sea-horse azure between eight water-lilies in orle vert petaled gules.

Originally blazoned as Argent, a hippocampus azure within eight water-lilies in orle vert, petaled gules, we have reblazoned the hippocampus as a natural sea-horse for reasons of clarity. As Laurel explained in the Cover Letter to the March 1997 LoAR:

Going through the files, and pulling most of what we have blazoned as a seahorse, natural seahorse, or hippocampus, we found out that a number of them were either misindexed, and/or misblazoned. Since we give a CD between the seahorse (the heraldic monster, half horse and half fish), and the natural seahorse (the fish), this could lead to problems. Additionally, some of the scribes were confused as to which one a hippocampus was, since it glosses both ways, depending on what source you use.

Therefore, we have reblazoned all the misblazons, and have substituted the term natural seahorse for hippocampus. As with all heraldic versus natural charges, the default is the heraldic item, so a seahorse is the monster, and the natural seahorse the fish.

Caius Gargonius Crassus. Name and device. Gules, two lightning bolts in saltire between four eagles tails to center Or.

Submitted as Caius Gorgonius Crassus, the middle element is problematic. Metron Ariston notes:

...the best (and most generally accepted) texts of Horace's Satires Book I do not show the name of the man referred to in the documentation as Gorgonius but as Gargonius (www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/serm1.shtml). There is some support for Gargonius as a nomen at least in the Republican period since there is some evidence of one C. Gargonius as a moneyer in the Sullan period circa 86 B. C. (tjbuggey.ancients.info/Moneyers.html).

In light of this information, we have changed the name to Caius Gargonius Crassus.

Czina Angielczyka. Name and device. Purpure, five half-moon knives in annulo handles to center argent.

Submitted as Cyna Angielczyka, the given name is a standard modern spelling. Nebuly found a single period citation for a form of this name in S{l/}ownik Staropolskich Nazw Osobowych; the period form found is Czina. We have changed the given name to this form.

Eabha inghean Domhnaill. Name and device. Lozengy argent and sable, on a bend Or a cat salient between two dumbegs palewise gules.

Listed on the LoI as Eabha inghean Domhnail, the forms and documentation on the form shows the patronymic as inghean Domhnaill. We have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

Gallavally, Canton of. Heraldic title Hæmatite Pursivant.

Some question was raised whether this title followed the pattern "semi/precious stone" + herald/pursuivant. The OED provides this example: "1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. 33/2 The Onix, Topaz, Iaspar, Hematite." The same entry dates the submitted spelling to 1601. This shows hæmatite classed with other semi-precious stones in the gray area of our period. Therefore, it is registerable as a heraldic title.

Leannán O'Connor. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Leannán O'Conner, both the forms and the documentation show the spelling Leannán O'Connor. We have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

As documented, this name is two steps from period practice. First, it mixes English and Gaelic in the same name. Second, it mixes a given name dated to the 9th C with an undated and probably modern Anglicized Gaelic surname. A search of CELT, www.ucc.ie/celt, shows a Domnall Ua Leannan in Annals of the Four Masters, 1466.1. This eliminates the step for temporal incompatibility, making the name registerable.

Mordechai ben Avraham. Name.

Nice name!

Noe College. Branch name and device. Sable, three laurel wreaths Or.

This branch name is not in conflict with New College at Oxford University. The two names share only the initial letter, so the appearance is significantly different. Although both names start with the same sound and both have only one syllable, there is a significant difference in sound between the /EU/ sound of "new" and the /OY/ sound of "Noe".

Nice armory!

Peregrine Rose Falconer. Name and device. Per bend sable and argent, a falcon's jambe erased a la quise belled and jessed argent and an acorn inverted slipped and leaved proper.

Originally submitted as Peregrine Rose Falconer, the name was changed to Peregrine Rose le fauconer' in kingdom because it was believed that the pattern "given+surname+surname" was not found in period English names. Pelican wrote in February 2002:

There hasn't yet been much research done regarding double surnames in 16th C England. But from the evidence that has been found, we can say that in cases where both names were inherited, the two surnames indicate the surnames of the child's parents. In fact, Withycombe (p. xliii) dates Robert Browne Lilly to 1593, noting that his father was John Lilly and his mother's maiden name was Browne. In a number of the instances of double surnames in the Dymock parish registers, this construction was an indication of illegitimacy. But considering the small amount of data we have at this time, it would be premature to presume that this is always the case. Indeed, the notation in Withycombe of Browne being "his mother's maiden name" would indicate that some of the time both parent's surnames were given to children born to married parents. [Benedict Saint-Jean Eldridge, 02/2004 LoAR, A-Atenveldt]

Therefore, we have changed this name back to the originally submitted form.

Robert of Carreg Wen. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure semy of daggers inverted, on a roundel argent a hare rampant sable.

Submitted under the name Hrodberht von dem Kämpfenhase.

Rowen Killian. Name change from Rowan Killian and badge. (Fieldless) Two griffins combattant sustaining in chief a sun in splendor argent.

His old name, Rowan Killian, is released.

Ursul Vladislavl' pravnuk. Name and device. Per pale embattled gules and argent, two bears combattant and in chief an arrow fesswise counterchanged.

Submitted as Ursul Vladislav pravnuk, this name s composed of two give names in the nominative case and patronymic marker. In Russian patronymic bynames, the ancestor's name should be in the genitive case. We have changed the name to Ursul Vladislavl' pravnuk to correct the grammar.

CALONTIR

Alpin Dunmore. Name.

Anneke inghean Mhurchadha. Name and device. Per pale purpure and vert, a lizard tergiant embowed-counterembowed argent.

Submitted as Annika Murchadha, this name mixes Gaelic and Finnish in the same name, but no documentation was submitted and none found showing substantial contact between Finnish and Gaelic speaking cultures in period. Barring such documentation, such combinations are not registerable. In addition, the name proposes Murchadha as a patronymic byname. However, this form makes it an unmarked patronymic, and there is no evidence for the use of unmarked patronymics in Gaelic names. We have changed the name to Anneke inghean Mhurchadha in order to register it. Sveriges medeltida personnamn dates Anneke to 1465. The patronymic particle inghean is the Early Modern Gaelic particle meaning "daughter" which matches the Early Modern Irish form of the patronymic; we have added this particle to the byname, and lenited the patronymic as is required by Gaelic grammar.

Antonia Stefani. Name.

Caitríona inghean ui Fhloinn of Corke. Name and device. Argent, a cat couchant sable and a bordure invected purpure semy of shamrocks argent.

Submitted as Caitríona ó Floinn of Corke, the name combines a feminine given name with a masculine patronymic. In Gaelic, the gender of the patronymic particle must agree with the gender of the given name. In addition, the patronymic must be lenited. We have changed the name to Caitríona inghean uí Fhloinn of Corke to correct the grammar.

No documentation was included for the element Corke. Had the College not provided documentation for this element, it would have been dropped. However, Orle notes "A Tudor Atlas by John Speed from 1611 page 283 under Munster lists the town as Corke."

Catrijn vanden Westhende. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Nice name!

Emma Miner. Name and device. Per bend vert and azure, a quill of yarn and a loaf of bread Or.

Esa Southwick. Name and device. Azure, on a fess between three Celtic crosses argent a dragon passant azure.

Jean Pierre d'Armand. Name.

John Paul Bowyer. Name.

Loch Meadhonach, Shire of. Device. Azure, five roundels argent in annulo within a laurel wreath, a chief embattled Or.

Martinus Draco Byzantinos. Badge. Azure, a chi-rho and a bordure Or.

Melisent McAffee. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There is a more than 300 year gap between the 1201 date for the given name and the 1595 date of the byname. This is one step from period practice.

Merick Bromfield. Name.

Mevanwy verch Tuder Courtecadeno. Name and device. Or, a greyhound statant gules and a bordure embattled vert.

The Saint Gabriel report used to document this name says this about the use of Welsh locative bynames in Anglo-Latin documents: "In Anglo-Latin documents, the place name tended to be used without the preposition <de> when the locative was the only byname, but with <de> when there was another byname present." This seems to indicate that locative bynames were occassionally, but rarely, found without the de when there was another byname present. The more usual form of this name would be Mevanwy verch Tuder de Courtecadeno.

Onóra inghean Leoid. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Per bend sinister sable and argent, a decrescent argent and a compass star elongated to base purpure.

Submitted as Onóra Ébliu nic Leod, the submitter requested a name authentic to 12th C Scotland. As submitted the name has several problems. First, it has two given names, which is unattested in period Gaelic names. Second, it uses the patronymic marker nic, which is not found until after our period. Both of these things must be fixed for the name to be registerable. Finally, the name combines Gaelic and Anglo-Norman spellings; if the submitter is interested in an authentic name, then only one language should be used throughout. In the 12th C, the proper form for the patronymic would be inghean Leoid. Therefore, we have changed this name to Onóra inghean Leoid to make it registerable and to partially comply with the submitter's request for authenticity.

Rhodri ap Ieuan ap Hywel. Device change. Azure, a dragon passant and a bordure engrailed Or.

This device does not conflict with Roger of Belden Abbey, Azure, a two-headed dragon passant respectant Or, turbanned argent, gorged of a collar gules, pendant therefrom a bell argent, in base a bumblebee displayed erect proper. There is a CD for changing the secondary bumblebee to a bordure engrailed and another for changing half its tincture. Bees proper have argent wings, and we have often given a CD for changing the tincture of the wings on various charges when the visual weight of the wings is equivalent to half the charge, as it is in this case. To cite one example from precedent, registering (Fieldless) A dragonfly vert winged Or, Laurel wrote, "After examining the emblazon, it is clear that Ann's dragonfly is half vert and half Or, thereby giving it one CD for fieldlessness and one CD for change to half the tincture in each case" [Ann Travers of Amberlye, 05/00, A-Caid].

He wishes to retain his former device, Azure, two swords in saltire, overall a dragon passant contourny argent, as a badge.

Victoria of Cúm an Iolair. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per bend sinister Or and purpure, a spiderweb pupure and a keythong's head erased Or.

While spiderwebs are described in Guillim's Display of Heraldry, 1632, the only known examples show the spiderweb alone and covering the entire field. Using the spiderweb on only half the field is thus a step from period practice.

Submitted under the name Victoria atte Rose.

Wilhelm Meis. Device. Argent, a chevron between two estoiles azure and an eagle sable.

DRACHENWALD

Drachenwald, Kingdom of. Order name Order of Ffraid.

Eleanor de Brereton. Name.

Nice name!

Reinold von Brektehegel. Name.

EALDORMERE

Alana Greywood. Device. Argent, a greyhound rampant gules, on a chief embattled sable three crescents argent.

Caitríona inghean Raghnaill. Name.

Submitted as Catriona inghen Raghnaill, the given name Catriona is not registerable:

Submitted as Catriona of Whitemoor, the LoI stated that the submitter preferred the spelling Catriona which she believed to be "the English version of the period Irish Name". However, documented English spellings do not contain an "o". The spelling Catriona is neither Gaelic nor English. The closest Gaelic spelling is Caitríona. The closest English spelling is Catrina. As no documentation has been provided and none could be found for the spelling Catriona, it is not registerable. [Catrina of Whitemoor, 10/01, A-Meridies]

As the rest of the name is Gaelic, we have changed the given name to the Gaelic Caitríona in order to register it.

The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Scotland. The spelling of the patronymic particle, inghen is a conservative spelling found for some centuries after the spelling shift in Gaelic around 1200. However, no documentation was provided and none found showing conservative spellings in use in 16th C Scotland. We have changed the spelling of the particle to inghean to comply with her request for authenticity.

Ealdormere, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Trillium.

Gwendolynn ferch Elydyr. Badge. (Fieldless) A winged continental panther sejant contourny sable incensed proper.

Because period heraldry displays a broad pattern of putting wings on various monsters, we believe this charge to be acceptable style.

Gwydion Merther. Name and device. Quarterly vert and argent, in pale a dragon passant Or and a crescent pendant counterchanged.

This name does not conflict with Gwydion ap Myrddin, registered January 1995. In this case, the two bynames are of different types and meanings; ap Myrddin is a patronymic byname, while Merther is a locative byname. Therefore, if they are significantly different in sound and appearance, they are clear of conflict. While articles and prepositions do not count towards difference for name conflict, patronymic particles may. In this case, the addition of the patronymic particle also makes the two bynames, which are already different in type and meaning, significantly different in sound and appearance. Therefore, they do not conflict.

Jullienne of Caldrithig. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, on a fess Or between two bees proper two mullets of eight points azure.

Submitted under the name Jullienne LaRousseaux.

Mairghread Plonced. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The submitter requested authenticity for 15th/16th C Ireland. This is an authentic Irish name for that time period.

Meghan of Ealdormere. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a bend sinister wavy sable, overall a human footprint gules.

Submitted under the name Magnunnr Hringsdottir.

Meurug Taylor. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Niamh inghean Fhearghail. Name and device. Per bend purpure and azure, a bend wavy between an increscent and a dragonfly argent.

Submitted as Neamh inghean Fhearghaill, the feminine name Neamh or Nem appears to be a unique legendary name. O Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names s.n. Nem, say that "In saga, Ném is daughter of the Ulster hero, Celtchar mac Uithechair and wife of the great warrior, Conganchnes mac Dedaid." In addition, no documentation was submitted and none found for the spelling Fhearghaill. We have changed this name to Niamh inghean Fhearghal in order to register it and to match the submitted documentation. The given name Niamh appears in several tales and sagas. In registering the name Niamh ingen Maolán in July 2000, Laurel noted "While there is no evidence that Niamh was actually used in period, it appears in period sagas, in some cases as the name of a human being."

Odette de Saint Remy. Name.

The summarization of the documentation consisted only of the fact the the name came from a Saint Gabriel letter. This is not, nor has it ever been, adequate summarization of documentation:

All the elements in this name were documented from a letter from the Academy of Saint Gabriel. However, the letter was not adequately summarized in the LoI, which has been cause for return in the past. ... By Laurel precedent, the College is not required to look up documentation that is not adequately summarized on the LoI. In this case, multiple members of the College went out of their way to dig up this information. For the benefit of both the submitter and the members of the College who took on this extra work, we are registering this name as an exception to the requirement that all submitted documentation be properly and adequately summarized on the LoI. Kingdom submissions heralds should be aware that inadequate summarization of supporting documentation has been and will continue to be a reason for return. [Isa van Reinholte, November 01 A-Ansteorra]

In this case, the College provided the information missing on the LoI. Had they not done so, we would have been forced to return this name.

Ramshaven, Barony of. Badge. Gules, a ram's head cabossed Or within a bordure argent.

Ramshaven, Barony of. Badge. Gules, two ram's heads respectant issuant from a bordure argent.

Rosalynd of Thornabe on Tees. Device change. Or, a pall between three forget-me-nots azure.

Her former device, Argent, a pall arrondy between three forget-me-nots azure, is released.

EAST

Adelasia della Corte. Name.

Adolphus Benner. Name and device. Per pale azure and Or, a rose counterchanged.

Nice armory!

Aidan Sacheverell Hyde. Name.

Alex of Wolfdale. Name and device. Sable, three phoenixes and on a chief Or three roundels gules.

Alexander Makcristyne. Name and device. Azure, a fess checky Or and gules between three axes Or.

Alexander Makcristyne. Badge. Sable, on a cross nowy argent a wolf's head cabossed gules, in dexter chief two axes in saltire Or.

Alexandra Maria de Granada. Name and device. Paly Or and azure, an orle of pomegranates gules slipped and leaved vert.

Submitted as Alejandra Maria de Granada, no documentation was submitted and none found that the spellings Alejandro or Alejandra were found in period. The name Alexandre is the normal Spanish masculine form of this name. While no feminine form of this name is found in period, the spelling Alexandra follows a pattern of feminizing masculine names in Spanish. Examples from Juliana de Luna, "Spanish Names from the Late 15th C" include Felipe/Felipa, Francisco/Francisca, and Geronimo/Geronima. Therefore, we have changed the name to Alexandra Maria de Granada in order to register it.

Good cant!

Alexandra Maria de Granada. Badge. (Fieldless) A pomegranate azure slipped and leaved vert.

Good cant!

Andrew Mariner. Name and device. Argent, two billhooks addorsed in saltire sable, a chief doubly enarched vert.

Anne of Whyt Whey. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a chevron vert, overall a tree blasted and eradicated sable.

Submitted under the name Anne Whyte.

Arielle of Eisental. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Vert, an increscent, a decrescent and a roundel Or.

Submitted under the name Arielle Makcristyne.

Artemas le Beau. Name and device. Argent, in dexter chief an owl contourny vert.

Ásmundr vápni. Device. Per saltire vert and sable, a bear and a wolf combattant argent.

Banbagnas Damagnas. Name.

Bartolo Vannicelli. Name and device. Argent, a bend sable between a dragon and a fir tree vert.

This device does not conflict with Adeleva de Islay, Argent, a bend sable between two turtles vert. There is a CD for changing the type of all the secondary charges and another for changing the posture of half the secondary group since turtles can (although perhaps should not) be depicted as rampant.

Bianca Grazia Volpe. Name and device. Per pale sable and vert all mullety, a fox's mask argent.

The submitter indicated that she believed the name means "Biana, graceful fox". While the words grazia and volpe do mean "graceful" and "fox", this name would not be understood as a descriptive byname. Instead, it would be interpreted as "Bianca Grazia of the Volpe family".

Brannait inghean uí Ghríoghair. Name and device. Purpure, on a bend nebuly between two griffins combattant argent three increscents palewise purpure.

Submitted as Brannait inghean ui Grìoghair, the documentation shows the byname as inghean ui Gríoghair. In addition, Gaelic women's patronymic bynames starting with the letter "G" are lenited. We have changed that name to Brannait inghean uí Ghríoghair to match the documentation and add the lenition.

This name does not conflict with Brenna MacGrioghair, registered February 1989. Although the two patronymics do denote the same relationship in this case (descendent of Grioghar), the given names are sufficiently different in sound and appearance to keep the names from conflicting.

Some question was raised whether Brannait was registerable as an unattested feminization of the masculine name. In this case, the femininization follows a pattern found in Gaelic names. A scan through the A, B, and C sections of O Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names lists the following Early Modern Irish pairs: Aodh/Aodhnait, Banbhán/Banbhnait, Beagán/Beagnait, Brecc-Breaccán/Breacnait, and Caomh/Caomhnait.

Brannat Dub. Device change (see RETURNS for other device change). Per pale argent and gules, a raven sable and in dexter chief a mullet azure.

Her former device, Azure, on the crossbar of a Tau cross throughout between two mullets argent, three ravens sable, is released.

Bronwen Mariner. Name.

The name Bronwen is SCA-compatible.

Ceinwen Wen. Name and device. Argent crusilly, a lotus blossum in profile azure.

Ciana da Vizzi. Name and device. Vert, on a bend Or three annulets vert, a chief Or.

Submitted as Ciana daVizzi, the byname was documented from the "Online Catasto of 1427". This source eliminates spaces found in bynames. Therefore, we have changed the name to Ciana da Vizzi, which is the documentary form of the name.

Colin mac Eoain mec Lachlainn. Name and device. Per pale vert and azure, three boars rampant Or.

Listed on the LoI as Colin mac Evan mec Lachlainn, the forms and the documentation show Colin mac Eoan mac Lachlainn; on the form, the "o" in Eoan is overwritten with the letter "v." It is unclear whether this change was made by the submitter or at kingdom; no mention of a change appeared on the LoI. The originally listed name on the form is a Gaelic form, which we would expect in an otherwise Gaelic name. The only change necessary to the name as originally listed on the form is that Eoan must be put into the genitive case. Therefore, we have registered the name as Colin mac Eoain mec Lachlainn.

Constance de Saint Denis. Device change. Per pale azure and argent, a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Her former device, Azure, a unicorn rampant and on a chief argent three eagles displayed azure, is to be retained as badge.

Cristiania le Fey. Name and device. Per chevron inverted vert and purpure, a griffin dormant Or and a compass star argent.

Cristiania le Fey. Badge. Sable, eight feathers in annulo conjoined at the shaft within a chaplet graminy argent.

Damiana Illaria d'Oneda. Name.

Deirdre ingen Cholmáin. Name and device. Per pale azure and vert, on a pale between two birds volant respectant wings addorsed argent three frets couped sable.

The submitter requested authenticity for 8th-9th C Irish. However, only a single example of any form of the name Deirdre has been found outside of literary sources. Black, s.n. Deirdre lists Deredere in 1166. The form Deirdre is SCA compatible. Hence, we are unable to make this name authentic for her desired time period.

Ding Li Ying. Device. Azure, a bend sinister Or cotised between two lotus flowers in profile argent.

Domenego Paladin Triestino. Name.

Draco le Blanc. Device. Per bend vert and sable, a dragon displayed and a bordure argent.

Echrad ingen Óengusa. Name and device. Azure, a horse courant contourny between three triquetras argent.

Submitted as Echna dalta Óengusa, as submitted the name has two problems. First, the name Echna appears to be a unique legendary name. Such names are not registerable. The submitter noted that she would accept the similar sounding name Echrad; we have made this change. Second, the marker dalta is asserted to mean foster-child. However, MacBain, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language gives the meaning specifically as foster-son. The submitted documentation notes that all examples of this marker found in period documents at the CELT website are found with masculine given names. Given that other patronymic markers in Gaelic are gender specific, there is no evidence that dalta would not also be gender specific. Therefore, it cannot be registered as part of a patronymic byname when the accompaning given name is a feminine name. We have substituted ingen, the Middle Irish patronymic marker meaning daughter, and registered this name as Echrad ingen Óengusa.

Elizabeth ingen Tairdelbaig. Name and device. Argent, a chevron vert and overall a lion pean maintaining a garb Or.

Submitted as Elizabeth ingen Tairdelbach, the patronymic is in the nominative form rather than the required genitive. We have changed the name to Elizabeth ingen Tairdelbaig to correct the grammar. This name mixes English and Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

Elizabeth ingen Tairdelbaig. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion pean maintaining a garb Or.

Elze von Finkenauge. Device. Azure, a dragon and a chief argent.

Emelyne Reisehund. Name and device. Per fess Or and vert, a dog courant sable marked argent, in chief three roundels vert.

Submitted as Emelyne Hundreisa, the submitted wanted a name meaning "one who raises dogs." The byname is not constructed according to documented patterns for English nicknames. The source from which the byname is constructed, Jonsjo, Studies on Middle English Nicknames, shows only a single example of a name constructed using the pattern [noun]+[verb], and that is a "phrase name" -- a name constructed from a phrase or quote. Names constructed from a verb acting on an object take the form [verb]+[noun]; Jonsjo has 241 examples of names formed using this pattern. Also, as submitted, the name combines the Old Norse word reisa with the Old and Middle English hund; such combinations violate RfS 3.I.a Linguistic Consistency. The corresponding Middle English verb in this case is reisen or reise; the OED derives reise(n) from the Old Norse word reisa. Therefore, we have changed the order of words in the compound byname, changed reisa to reise, and registered this name as Emelyne Reisehund.

As documented the name means "rouse hounds", not someone who raises or breeds dogs. The OED does not list the desired definition of the word raise until after 1650. If the submitter is interested in an occupational term that means "hounds keeper" we suggest le Brakener. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames s.n. Brackner, lists a Walter le Brakener in 1301 and gloss this word as 'a keeper of hounds'.

Please advise the submitter to center the dog on the field in future depictions.

Emma Grey of Warwickshire. Name change from holding name Emma of Carolingia.

Eustacia de Carlyle. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and azure, a seeblatt Or and in dexter chief three roundels two and one argent.

Faust von Hamburg. Device. Per chevron inverted Or and sable, a Maltese cross gules and a vol Or.

Geneviève de Versalais. Name and device. Per bend gules and Or, a fleur-de-lys and a cat sejant counterchanged.

Guenuureth filia Thomas. Badge. (Fieldless) A mouse rampant azure charged on the shoulder with a fleur-de-lys Or.

Hayashi Tarou Makoto. Name and device. Argent, on a fan inverted sable a tree argent.

Ian Douglas. Name.

This name does not conflict with John de Duglas, registered February 2004. By precedent, the names Ian and John do not conflict:

The names Ian and John are more different in both sound and appearance than Ian and Eoin, which were ruled to be clear of each other in the precedent:

[Eoin Mac Cainnigh] The name is clear of Ian MacCoinnich, registered 9/90; Eoin and Ian are significantly different in sound as well as appearance. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR April 1996, p. 1)

Therefore, just as Ian and Eoin do not conflict, the names Ian and John do not conflict. [Ian the Hunter, Atenveldt, August 2002]

Irene von Lassan. Name change from holding name Irene of Anglespur.

Submitted as Irene Lassan, Lassan is a German locative byname. Such bynames are standardly accompanied by the preposition von. Indeed, while Bahlow, German Names s.n. Lassa(h)n, gives the name Ludwig of Lassan, the untranslated German shows Ludwig von Lassan. We have, therefore, readded the preposition and registered the name as Irene von Lassan.

The submitter requested authenticity for 13th C German. According to Bahlow, Unsere Vornamen im Wandel der Jahrhunderte s.n. Irene, Irene is the name of the Byzantine wife of the king Philipps von Schwaben in 1208, we have no evidence that this name became part of the regular German naming pool until modern times. Therefore, we are unable to comply with her request for authenticity.

Isolde Jane of Glen. Name and device. Azure, on a fess between three unicorns passant argent three trees azure.

Isolde Jane of Glen. Badge. (Fieldless) A unicorn's head erased per bend sinister argent and azure.

Please advise the submitter that the per bend line should be drawn so as to divide the unicorn's head into more equal parts.

Maddoc Wolstan. Name and device. Argent, an opinicus statant purpure between three triquetras azure.

Steinhard Helmschrot. Device. Azure semy of arrows bendwise sinister, a stag springing argent.

Violet Gray. Name.

Will of Black Rose. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale argent and azure, a mullet of six points elongated to base and a chief counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Will the Grey.

LOCHAC

Arnfinnr Ákason. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The submitter requested authenticity for a 10th C Dane. All parts of this name are documented from Geirr Bassi Haraldsson, The Old Norse Name, which is largely Old Icelandic. While this is certainly a fine Old Norse name, we cannot say whether it is authentic for Denmark in the 10th C.

Ásfríðr Úlfvíðardóttir. Name.

Submitted as Ásfríðr Ulfvíðardóttir, the documentation for the byname shows Úlfvið. As precedent requires Old Norse names to either include or omit all accents, we have added it here and registered the name as Ásfríðr Úlfvíðardóttir.

Fineamhain an Einigh inghean ui Chonchobhair. Name.

Submitted as Fineamhain an Einigh Ui Concobair, the gender and the grammar of the byname are incorrect. As submitted the byname translates to "Of the male descendant of Connor". In Gaelic, patronymic bynames are literal; the patronymic particle in this case should be ingen ui (for Early and Middle Irish Gaelic) or inghean ui (for Early Modern Irish Gaelic.) In addition, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish language/culture. The given name and descriptive byname are both documented as Early Modern Irish forms, but the patronymic is a Middle Gaelic form. The appropriate Early Modern Irish form of of the patronymic that means "daughter of the male descendeant of Connor" is inghean ui Chonchobhair. We have changed the patronymic to this form to correct the grammar and to comply with her request for authenticity.

Henri Guiscard. Name and device. Quarterly gules and sable, two chevronels Or.

Nice armory!

Lochac, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Golden Tear.

The formation of the Order name is grandfathered to them. Order of the Silver Tear was registered to Lochac, Kingdom of in September 1987.

Lochac, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Nock.

A nock is a period word, and, since it is used as a heraldic charge within the SCA, the name is consistent with Order names formed from heraldic charges.

The submitters may want to consider some of the other connotations of the word nock. While the word does not appear to be a sexual or scatological reference to modern people, in Elizabethan English nock was used to refer to either of the two nether orifices in the human body.

MERIDIES

Alric the messenger. Name and device. Per saltire gules and sable, four feathers argent.

Antonio Alexandre Dias de Navarra. Name.

Bryan Brunston. Name and device. Per pale indented argent and sable, two dragons combattant tails entwined counterchanged.

Caiterína ingen Ruaidrí. Badge. Argent, on a roundel azure a domestic cat passant guardant contourny argent maintaining with its paw resting atop a roundel Or, a bordure rayonny sable.

Cera caillech ingen Tuathail. Name change from holding name Ceara of Meridies.

The submitter requested a name authentic for Gaelic language/culture. This name should fulfill that request. All submitted spellings are Old or Middle Irish.

Colete de Valenciennes. Name.

Donovan Talbot. Name and device. Or, a winged talbot passant, a bordure rayonny sable.

The commenters questioned whether the anglicization Donovan was registerable; it was documented from O'Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names, where anglicized forms are invariably modern. However, John O'Donovan, Annals of Ireland, by the Four Masters, vol. 6, p. 2446, contains a transcription of the will of "Mr. Daniell O'Donovane",dated August 14, 1629. This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Donovan is consistent with period anglicizations of this name.

Good cant!

Eberhart von Dorinberg. Name.

Submitted as Eberhart von Dornberg, the submitter requested an authentic 15th C German name. Bahlow, Unsere Vornamen im Wandel der Jahrhunderte, s.n. Eberhard, lists a Graf Eberhart im Bart in 1445. Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Dornberg, lists a Cunr. Dorinberg, in 1447. We have changed this name to Eberhart von Dorinberg to fulfill his request for authenticity.

Ella du Soleil. Name.

Emma de Hasting. Name and device. Vert, on a cross nowy between in chief two goblets Or a heart gules.

Fáelán éccnaid. Name and device. Azure, a wolf's head erased and on a chief argent three closed books palewise sable.

Nice name!

Gelderich Landschade. Name and device. Or, in fess an owl contourny and an owl vert between in pale two mullets of four points sable.

Submitted as Gellerich Landschade, the given name is not found in Bahlow, Deutsches Namenslexikon, as cited. Instead, the closest cited form of the given name is Gelddricus, which Bahlow, s.n. Jelle, Jellerich, dates to 1614. Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Geldrich, lists a Friedr. Gälderich in 1327. Given the header forms and this citation, Gelderich should be a reasonable vernacular spelling of this name. There was also some question whether "land robber" was a reasonable meaning for Landschade, but Bahlow says that this word is a Middle High German word meaning "highway robber." The approximate dates for Middle High German are 12th C through the end of the Middle Ages, so this citation shows the word with an appropriate meaning in period. We have changed the name to Gelderich Landschade to match the documentation.

Gelis of Iron Mountain. Device. Or, a drakkar prow azure and a gore purpure.

Geneviève la barquarresse. Name and device. Or semy-de-lys azure, a mermaid in her modesty proper crined gules, flaunches azure.

Nice name! The most likely meaning of the byname is canalboat woman.

Geoffrey of Lorne. Name and device. Per fess gules and sable, in chief a badger statant argent.

Gleann Abhann, Principality of. Order name Order of the Silver Eagle.

The use of the adjective Silver in an Order name is SCA-compatible.

Guaire Mac Aengusa. Badge. Argent, on a roundel vert a horse rampant Or, a bordure rayonny sable.

Iofa merch Macsen. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, in pale three hounds courant Or.

The gender of the name Iofa is unknown, but we will give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that it is a feminine given name appropriate for use with the patronymic marker merch.

Nice armory!

Iohann se pipere. Alternate name John Luther.

Juliana verch Hoell. Name and device. Per bend embattled gules and sable, in base three arrows fesswise Or.

The tincture of the arrows was omitted from the Letter of Intent, but a number of commenters correctly identified the tincture and researched the device accordingly.

Lyneyea of Seleone. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Gyronny purpure and argent, on a chief sable two escallops inverted argent.

Submitted under the name Lyneyea of Aston-upon-Trent.

Malcolm MacPhie of Oronsay. Name (see RETURNS for device).

This name is not presumptuous of the Clan chief of the Clan MacPhie. While the Isle of Oronsay is the traditional burial ground of the MacPhie, it is not a clan seat. By precedent, if the locative is not a clan seat or part of the title of the clan chief, its use with the clan name is not presumptuous:

There was some question regarding whether combining MacKenzie with de Ross was presumptuous, since the MacKenzies were one of the clans that held lands in Ross. As no MacKenzie held the title Earl of Ross, this name is clear of presumption. [Elizabeth MacKenzie de Ross, February 2002]

Margaret Bettoun of Sconyn. Name and device. Per fess engrailed Or and azure, three thistles vert and an otter's head erased close argent.

Submitted as Margaret Bethune of Sconyn, the spelling Bethune is a header spelling in Black, Surnames of Scotland. None of the spellings prior to 1680 contain an h. We have changed the spelling of this element to Bettoun, which Black dates to 1526.

Marion Leoncina da Susa. Device. Purpure, two chevronels couped between in chief a crescent, an increscent and a decrescent one and two and in base a lion couchant Or.

Owen Seys and Alina Kathryn nic Duncan. Badge. Gules, in fess a card pique and a crescent argent.

Refr inn írski Skúmmson. Device. Sable, a mullet of eight points argent between in annulo eight daggers points to center Or.

Thomas Senestre. Name and device. Sable, a natural sea turtle fesswise to sinister argent.

Wilricus Rudmann. Name and device. Quarterly argent and azure, a cross engrailed between four suns counterchanged.

Submitted as Wilrichus Rudeman, the given name Wilrichus is a proposed Latinization of the German name Wilrich. However, no documentation was provided and none found that names ending in -ich are Latinized -ichus. All examples found show the change from -ich to -icus. We have made this change. In addition, the documentation for the byname show the documented form as Rudmannus; Rudmann is a reasonable vernacular form for this name. We have, therefore, changed this name to Wilricus Rudmann.

MIDDLE

Geertruyt Robertsdochter. Name.

The submitter requested a name authentic for 14th-16th C Dutch. This is an authentic name for that time period.

Gunnolf of Mwre. Name and device. Argent, a wolf rampant and on a bordure sable three crosses patonce argent.

This name mixes Scots and Norwegian; this is one step from period practice.

Gunnolf of Mwre. Household name House Mwre (see RETURNS for other household name).

Issobell de Montchrestien. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for "middle 16th C Tudor with French influence", only checked the time period box, and accepted only minor changes. Both name elements are found in this time period, but the given name is a Scottish form rather than an English one. The name is unlikely as either a genuine Scottish or English name or a genuine French name for this period, although it might be the English form of a French woman's name in Tudor England or Scotland. Fauze Lozenge notes "A mid-16th century *French* <Isabeau de Montchrestien> would be quite unremarkable, and I suppose that in England she might appear as <Isabel de Montchrestien>, but she'd be French, not English. I suppose that it's even conceivable that if she were in Scotland rather than in England, she might appear as <Issobell de Montchrestien>."

Jemma Blakeney. Name and device. Argent, a bordure vert mullety argent.

Katriina Turkulainen. Device. Per bend sinister azure and gules, a sun and a reindeer's head erased argent.

Leofsunu Ælfstanes sunu. Name and device. Azure, two wolves combattant argent maintaining a cross potent Or, a bordure embattled argent.

Submitted as Leofsunu Ælfstan, the summarization of the documentation stated that unmarked patronymics were found in Old English names, but then provided copious and convincing discussion that examples of supposed unmarked patronymics in the cited work were, in fact, spurious. Barring unequivecal examples of unmarked patronymics in Old English, Old English unmarked patronymics are not registerable. The submitter noted that if the name must be changed he was most interested in 11th C British Isles. We have changed the name to Leofsunu Ælfstanes sunu, a fully Old English form, in order to register it.

Middle, Kingdom of the. Order name Order of the Evergreen.

There was some question whether the word evergreen was found as a noun referring to a tree or type of tree in period. The Oxford English Dictionary dates the word with this meaning to 1644: "EVELYN: Mem. (1857) I. 87 The Isle of Corsica, and St. Remo, where the shore is furnished with evergreens, oranges, citrons, and date-trees." This shows the word referring to a plant in the gray area. As the adjective evergreen referring to such trees is found in the 16th C, we will give the submitters the standard benefit of the doubt for gray area documentation: that the documented name or word might also have been found or used before 1600.

Wilhelm von Wolfsburg. Household name House of the Snake.

Submitted as Legion of the Snake, there was some question whether the name Legion of the Snake followed models of names for Roman Legio; such models are the only ones available for named Legions. Most Roman legions are named for their place of origin or service (Legio Brittanica, Legio Hispana), for their founder (Legio Augusta, Legio Deiotariana), for a patron God or Goddess (Legio Minervia, Legio Herculia), or for a short descriptive (Legio Flavia Felix "Flavian's Lucky Legion", Legio Ferrata "Ironclad"). There are two legion names that follow the pattern Legion + [creature]: Legio Alaudae (Legion of the larks) and Legio Valeria Victrix (Legion of the victorious black eagle). However, it is difficult to generalize from birds to creatures in general. Therefore, barring evidence that Legions were named for creatures other than birds, such names are not registerable. We have changed this to House of the Snake in order to register it.

NORTHSHIELD

Northshield, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Aquila. (Fieldless) An eagle per pale Or and sable maintaining a lightning bolt sable and a lightning bolt Or.

Northshield, Kingdom of. Badge for Award of the Cygnus. (Fieldless) A swan naiant contourny Or.

Northshield, Kingdom of. Badge for Award of the Griffins Sword. (Fieldless) In fess a sword argent sustained by a griffin Or.

Northshield, Kingdom of. Badge for Iron Griffin Legion. (Fieldless) In fess a sword sustained by a griffin sable.

Nuala inghean uí Chaoinleáin. Device. Gules, a pegasus segreant, on a chief wavy argent three quatrefoils vert.

Seán mac Conaill uí Bhraonáin. Device. Azure, two chevronels sable fimbriated and in chief two wolves combattant argent.

Wulfhomm, Canton of. Branch name.

Submitted as Wolfhome, Canton of, the deuterotheme -home is unattested in English placenames. There is a similar sounding Old English theme hamm or homm, meaning "meadow", which typically appears as ham(m) in Middle English placenames. As the Old English cognate of wolf is wulf, we would expect an Old English Wulfhomm and possibly a Middle English Wolfham. As Wulfhomm is closer in sound and appearance to the submitted name, we have made the change to this form.

OUTLANDS

Arianna la boiteuse. Name and device. Or, a pale of mascles interlaced vert between two wheels sable.

The submitter requested authenticity for French language/culture. This name mixes Italian and French; this is one step from period practice. Withycombe, A Dictionary of English Christian Names, cites Ariane as the French form of this name. However, undated non-English forms in this work are invariably modern. No documentation was submitted and none found that this name was used in period in France. Therefore, we are unable to fulfill her request for authenticity.

Artorius Greyhawk. Device. Azure, a hawk striking argent, on a chief Or a broad arrow inverted between two pairs of arrows inverted in saltire sable.

Charimmos Lakedaimonios. Name and device. Argent, the uppercase letter lambda gules, in base an octopus sable.

Submitted as Charismos of Lacedaemon, the submitter requested authenticity for 480 BC Sparta. The given name is described as a theophoric name (a theophoric name is one derived from the name of a deity) derived from the name of the minor deity Charis 'grace'. Some question was raised whether theophoric names were formed from the names of minor dieties; the submitter included documentation from "The Lexicon of Greek Personal Names" explicitly stating that names of minor deities were used in forming these names.

There was also some question whether Charismos was properly formed according to patterns found in Greek names. Although the submitter demonstrated that there are several Greek names ending in the deuterotheme -mos, no documentation was submitted and none found suggesting that the deuterotheme was simply appended to the full name of a god to form a theophoric name. For example, names formed from the name Zeus (Dios) show endings appended to Dio-. This suggests that Charimos might be an appropriate form; indeed, a search of "The Lexicon of Greek Personal Names" finds Charimmos (Chi-alpha-rho-iota-mu-mu-omicron-zeta). We have changed the given name to this form to correct the grammar.

Because the submitter requested authenticity for 480 BC Sparta, it is clear that the byname should not be in English. "The Lexicon of Greek Personal Names" shows the name Lakedaimonios, "the Lacedaemonian." We have changed the byname Lakedaimonios, a fully classical Greek form of this name, to partially satisfy his request for authenticity. While the name as registered is appropriate for classical Greece name, we have no information about whether it is an authentic Spartan name.

Heinricus Land{oe}se. Name.

Lucius Avisius Seneca. Name change from Talore MacConlae.

His old name, Talore MacConlae, is released.

Malesius O'Brien. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, in pale three lions passant counterchanged.

Submitted as Miesius O'Brien, the documentation for the name Milesius showed it as a Latin name of a Macedonian bishop in an early Church document. No documentation was submitted and none found that the name Milesius was a saint's name or that it was known in the British Isles in period. Barring such documention, it cannot be combined with names from the cultures found in the British Isles during that time. The submitter's documentation noted that the name Malesius is dated to 1284 in Black. The Surnames of Scotland s.n. MacDuff. Malesius is a latinization of the Gaelic Mael Iosa. We have changed this name to Malesius O'Brien in order to register it.

The submitter indicated that if Milesius was not registerable, he would accept Miles. However, this conflicts with the name Miles O'Brien, a well known character from the Star Trek series. While it is hard to argue that the name of a character from Star Trek is important, it would introduce an unmistakable modern reference.

Nice armory!

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Badge. Vert, on an open scroll argent in saltire a brush and a quill pen sable, a bordure embattled Or.

Roderick Conall MacLeod. Badge. (Fieldless) A unicorn's head couped sable collared Or.

Þorvaldr Þórólfsson á Vaksfjall. Name change from Thorvaldr Gángläre Vakkerfjell.

His previous name, Thorvaldr Gángläre Vakkerfjell, has been released.

Wade Averey of Woodstock. Name and device. Azure, a lion passant reguardant Or within a bordure Or semy of water bougets azure.

Nice armory!

TRIMARIS

Aude de la fontainne. Name.

Submitted as Audé de la Fontainne, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C French language/culture. The documentation shows the given name as Aude (without the accent). Also, in the 13th C, locative bynames usually appeared in all lowercase. We have changed the name to Aude de la fontainne to match the documentation and to fulfill her request for authenticity.

Blanche Capet. Device. Per bend sinister gules and Or, on a bend sinister sable between a lion contourny and a dragonfly counterchanged three fleurs-de-lys palewise Or.

Delia Weaver. Device. Argent, a bend sinister gules between a spider inverted and a spiderweb sable.

While spiderwebs are described in Guillim's Display of Heraldry, 1632, the only known examples show the spiderweb alone and covering the entire field. Using the spiderweb on only half the field is thus a step from period practice.

Elysant de la Vallette. Name.

Emelina of Shrouesbury. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Emelina of Shrouesbury, the forms showed Emelina of Shrewsbury. Presumably the name was changed to fulfill the submitter's request for a 12th C English Saxon/Welsh/Norman name; Shrouesbury is dated to 1280 in Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. No mention of this change was made on the LoI. If changes are made to a name at kingdom, this must be mentioned on the LoI. This allows the commenters to properly evaluate the submitter's desires and to evaluate whether the changes were correct and well founded.

In this case, a 12th C form of the byname is found in Ekwall, The Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, Scrobbesbyrig, 1102. It is found as Salopsberia in 1094. Emelina de Salopsberia would be unremarkable in a 12th C Latin document. However, changing the byname to any of these forms would be more than the minor change allowed by the submitter. We are leaving the name in the form on the LoI since this is closer to her requested period than the submitted spelling. However, the submitter should be warned this is not an authentic 12 C form.

Matthias von Greifsburg. Name.

Silvana Greyeye. Name.

Vélaug Mýrkjartansdóttir. Name and device. Or semy of oak leaves vert, on a fess sable an owl argent.

Nice name!

Please advise the submitter to draw the fess narrower in the future.

- Explicit littera accipendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Delftwood, Barony of. Order name Order of the Millguard.

This name does not follow patterns found in period Order names. Koira notes that the examples do not show a pattern of orders named for groups of people:

None of the examples are such: rather, orders are groups of people, and sometimes this is reflected in the name. Usually this distinction does not matter, but in this case it does: a Crusader order can consider itself the army of Christ, but it does not make sense for an order to consider itself the mill-keeper.

Delftwood, Barony of. Order name Order of the Mistral.

Aural conflict with Minstrel's Guild registered to the Barony of Madrone in March 1983. The difference in sound is an unstressed unvoiced consonant; the designators are transparent for purposes of conflict.

Elena Le Taillure. Name.

Conflict with the registered name Eleanor Taylor, registered January 1998. Both Elena and Eleanor are forms of the name Helen, and both names can reasonably be pronounced nearly identically. The bynames are also identical in sound.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Elena of Sunderoak.

Roland of Foxesglen. Device. Per chevron inverted sable and gules, in chief a hunting horn reversed argent.

Conflict with the Kingdom of Æthelmearc, badge for the Order of the White Horn, (Fieldless) A hunting horn argent. There is no difference for placement on the field versus a fieldless badge. Based on previous returns, there is also no difference for reversing the hunting horn.

ANSTEORRA

Tara Maeve M'Glave. Name.

This name is two steps from period practice. First, it uses her legal given name, Tara, which is not used as a given name in period. Second, it uses a double-given name in an anglicized Irish name. We would drop the second given name, but the submitter will not allow major changes.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Tara of Middleford.

ATENVELDT

Alyne Strangwych. Badge. (Fieldless) An acorn vert.

This device conflicts with Muin maqq Mínaín, Argent, an acorn enflamed vert. There is a CD for fielded versus fieldless armory, but nothing for the addition of the flames. As precedent explains, "The enflaming of the heart, as is often the case, is drawn as small gouttes of flame, and is a blazonable detail that is not worth difference" [Aimée Long C{oe}ur, 12/03, A-Ansteorra]. The enflaming of Muin's acorn is a similar situation.

ATLANTIA

Bessenyei Rossa. Badge. (Fieldless) On a crescent sable a lotus blossom in profile argent.

This badge must be returned for a redraw. Questions were raised in commentary about the identifiability of both the crescent and the lotus blossom as drawn. Please advise the submitter to draw the lotus blossom in a more standard fashion, like the ones found in the Pictorial Dictionary or in her own registered arms. Doing so should also allow her to draw a more typical crescent.

Lidia de Ragusa. Device. Per bend sinister bevilled azure and argent, a sun in splendor Or and a fox passant azure.

This device must be returned for redrawing. The bottom portion of the bevilled line of division should start higher on the field than where the top portion ends. Please see the Cover Letter of August 1992 for details of how to draw this line of division.

CAID

Hrodberht von dem Kämpfenhase. Name.

The byname Kämpfenhase, with the intended meaning "fighting rabbit", is not a reasonable German byname. It does not follow the pattern of house names which are simple visual references. In addition, no documentation was submitted and none found that the word Kämpf "dueller" was used in compound bynames, although documentation was presented for the similar sounding Kampf "field", spelling inappropriate for a 14th-16th C German name. We would change the byname to just Kämpf, which Bahlow, German Names s.n. Kämpf, dates to 1392, or to Hase, which Bahlow s.n. Hase dates to 1293, but this preserves neither the sound, appearance or meaning desired by the submitted.

In resubmitting, the submitter should know that Hrodberht is not appropriate for a 14th-16th C German name. If the submitter is interested in a High German name, we suggest Ruprecht which is dated to the late 15th C in Schwartz.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Robert of Carreg Wen.

Meadhbh inghean Shéamus. Name.

Conflict with Meadhbh inghean Shéamuis, registered December 2000 via Æthelmearc.

As submitted, the byname is in the nominative case. The already registered name shows the byname in the correct genitive form.

Tegan verch Morgant. Device. Per chevron azure and vert, a pawprint Or and in sinister chief in fess an increscent a roundel and a decrescent argent.

This armory is two steps from period practice and so must be returned. Precedent says that "paw prints are one weirdness" (Morgan Blaidd Du, 7/96) and notes, concerning the motif of a roundel between an increscent and a decrescent, "While not good style, it is, at worst, one weirdness" (Aurelia of Caer Mear, 9/98). Especially given the location of the increscent/roundel/decrescent combination in sinister chief, the use of both this motif and a pawprint makes the design unacceptable as period style.

CALONTIR

Cassandra Isabella Borghi. Badge. (Fieldless) A goblet Or maintaining upon the dexter lip a bunch of grapes proper.

This badge must be returned for multiple conflicts. Since the grapes are effectively a maintained charge, there are conflicts with Graffico de Drell, Vert, entwined about a chalice Or, a serpent head to sinister sable, and Melisande de Belvoir, Argent, a chalice Or, upon the dexter lip, a honeybee proper. In both cases, there is a CD for fieldlessness, but nothing for changes to a maintained charge. The badge also conflicts with Ladies of the Bay, Per saltire azure and gules, a goblet Or, Mary of Livermore, Per chevron argent and gules, in base a goblet Or, and Carl of Sutherland, Quarterly azure and erminois in dexter chief a goblet Or. In each case, there is only the CD for fielded versus fielded armory (since, in the latter two cases, there is no difference for location on the field versus a fieldless badge).

Catrijn vanden Westhende. Device. Argent chaussé ployé vert, a lotus blossom in profile azure.

Conflict with Georgia the Pragmatic of Clyffmarsh, (Fieldless) A lotus in profile azure, slipped vert, with only one CD for fielded versus fielded armory.

Melisent McAffee. Device. Per chevron Or and vert semy of thistles Or, in chief two fleurs-de-lys purpure.

This device must be returned for blurring the distinction between a per chevron division and a point pointed. Please advise the submitter to draw it as clearly one or the other if she chooses to resubmit this design in the future.

Onóra inghean Leoid. Badge. Argent, a decrescent purpure.

This badge conflicts with the protected symbol of the Red Crescent, Argent, a decrescent gules, with only one CD for changing the tincture of the primary charge.

Victoria atte Rose. Name.

Conflict with Victoria Rose, registered January 2004. In general, the addition or deletion of a preposition does not contribute to difference.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Victoria of Cúm an Iolair.

DRACHENWALD

Drachenwald, Kingdom of. Order name Order of Geoffrey Chaucer.

Order names formed from fully secular names following the pattern [given]+[byname] were ruled unregisterable in October 2004, because they did not follow a documented pattern of period Order names. In that ruling, we noted that there was a single unambiguous example of an Order name named for a non-saint: The Order of Maria-Eleanore founded in 1632 by the then Queen of Sweden, Maria-Eleanora. At that time, we ruled that names following the pattern Order of [secular given name] was registerable but a step from period practice. We would register this name as Order of Geoffrey, but dropping an element is a major change which the submitters will not allow.

Drachenwald, Kingdom of. Order name Ordre du Richard Coer de Lyon.

Order names formed from fully secular names following the pattern [given]+[byname] were ruled unregisterable in October 2005, because they did not follow a documented pattern of period Order names. In that ruling, we noted that there was a single unambiguous example of an Order name named for a non-saint: The Order of Maria-Eleanore founded in 1632 by the then Queen of Sweden, Maria-Eleanora. At that time, we ruled that names following the pattern Order of [secular given name] was registerable but a step from period practice. We would register this name as Order of Richard, but dropping an element is a major change which the submitters will not allow.

EALDORMERE

Jullienne LaRousseaux. Name.

Conflict with Gilian la Rousse registered March 2002. The given names are variants of the same name and differ in pronunciation by only a single vowel sound. The byname la Rousseaux is a diminutive of la Rousse, both bynames have the same meaning and differ in pronunciation by a single syllable.

Had this name not been a conflict, it would have been registered as Jullienne Rousseaux. Siren notes that "Diminutives of la Roux seem to not use an article: Morlet, Picardie, gives Roussel 1285-1448, Roussele (fem.) 1245, Rousselet 1448-1461, Rousellus 1281, and Rousset 1459-60."

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Jullienne of Caldrithig.

Magnunnr Hringsdottir. Name.

The given name does not appear to be a properly constructed Old Norse or Norwegian name. Only one name, Magnhildr, was provided to show the protheme Magn-. However, Orle notes: "According to Lena Peterson, Magnhildr is the Norse adaptation of an imported German name, not a native two-element name." As no documentation was submitted and none found for the independent use of the protheme Magn- in native Old Norse or Norwegian names, it cannot be combined with Old Norse or Norwegian deuterothemes to form new names.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Meghan of Ealdormere.

Mairghread Plonced. Device. Per fess argent and purpure, a demi-badger issuant from the line of division sable marked argent and three marguerites argent seeded Or.

The argent markings on the badger create identifiability problems against the argent field. As precedent indicates, returning Per chevron inverted argent and azure, an Orca embowed sable marked argent and three double-bitted axes argent, "The argent portions of the orca cannot be placed on an argent field" [Rowen Seer, 03/00, R-Caid]. This case is similar, especially since so much of the badger's face is argent.

Meurug Taylor. Device. Argent, a badger statant sable marked argent, a base gules.

The argent markings on the badger create identifiability problems against the argent field. As precedent indicates, returning Per chevron inverted argent and azure, an Orca embowed sable marked argent and three double-bitted axes argent, "The argent portions of the orca cannot be placed on an argent field" [Rowen Seer, 03/00, R-Caid]. This case is similar, especially since so much of the badger's face is argent.

EAST

Anne Whyte. Name.

Conflict with the registered name Anne De Witte, registered February 1987. White and Witte are both found in the same header as variant spellings of the same name in Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, and the two names are nearly identical in sound.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Anne of Whyt Whey.

Brannat Dub. Device change. Azure, on a chief-pale between two mullets argent, in pall a rose gules between three ravens sable.

Withdrawn by the submitter.

Dunchad MacGrioghair. Name.

Conflict with the registered name Duncan MacGregor, registered February 1975. The names are Gaelic and Anglicized forms respectively of the same name, and are nearly identical in sound.

Will the Grey. Name.

Conflict with William Grey, registered January 2004. Will is a diminutive of William, and per RfS V.1.a.i "...Irrespective of differences in sound and appearance, a given name is not significantly different from any of its diminutives when they are used as given names."

His armory has been registered under the holding name Will of Black Rose.

LOCHAC

Arnfinnr Ákason. Device. Quarterly gules and azure, a doe's head erased argent.

Conflict with Armida Morgan, Azure, the head of a hind erased argent, with only one CD for changing the field.

If the submitter chooses to use a beast's head erased in future submissions, please advise him to draw the erasing correctly. As Laurel explained in the Cover Letter to the November 2001 LoAR, "[F]or purposes of recreating period armorial style for erasing, the erasing should (1) have between three and eight jags; (2) have jags that are approximately one-sixth to one-third the total height of the charge being erased; and (3) have jags that are not straight but rather are wavy or curved." The minimalistic erasing found in the current submission is cause for return in its own right.

Lochac, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Shining Helm.

This name does not follow a pattern of period Order name construction. The adjectives found in Order names are either straightforward descriptions, for example colors (yellow, golden) and numbers (two), or they are some form of superlative, for example Holy, or Grand or Glorious. The adjective shining is neither of these.

Lochac, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Promethean Flame.

This name does not follow a pattern of period Order name construction. The adjectives found in Order names are either straightforward descriptions, for example colors (yellow, golden) and numbers (two), or they are some form of superlative, for example Holy, or Grand or Glorious. The adjective Promethean is conceptual in nature, unlike any of the adjectives found in period Order names.

MERIDIES

Bryennios Asen. Name.

As submitted, this name has two bynames and no given name. The only place the name Bryennios is found as a given name is in the instance cited by the submitter, although it is recorded as a byname. Metron Ariston explains:

It should also be noted that the inscriptions cited at the site used on the Letter of Intent for the given name is incomplete and have been "augmented" by the editor. That is not to say that the name Bryennios - the y is usual in English transcriptions - does not occur in Byzantium in the period from 1000 on, but as a byname rather than a given name, e.g. Nikephoras Bryennios, the husband of Anna Comnena in the eleventh century and the theologian Joseph Bryennios in the fourteenth and early fifteenth century. Vatatzes is also a common transliteration of the byname which is found in the name of John Vatatzes who led a rebellion in the middle of the eleventh century and whose byname lingered through the end of the Byzantine period. To be honest, the only instance I could find of Bryennios as an apparent given name was in the inscriptions cited in the on-line inscription collection noted on the Letter of Intent and looking at the actual text of the inscription, one of these actually omits the beta and rho so it is by no means clear that the inscription refers to a Bryennios as all that the inscription contains is õåííéù [upsilon epsilon nu nu omega] Also, I am inclined to believe that the redactors on the web page misinterpreted the actual translation of the other text and that there are two people being referred to, one by the name of Bryennios and the other by the name of Vatatzes, both being referred to solely by byname which was quite common in that period. Why do I think this? Well, in part because the putative Bryennios element and the putative Vatatzes element are separated by almost the entire length of the inscription and because they are separated by two distinct titles/job... §. Whether in classical or Byzantine Greek, I would have been more likely to translate this is "The Theotoke protect Bryennios, patrician hypatos, and the Vatatzes, stratelates.

As we have no similar sounding given names, we are unable to add a given name to this name.

Lyneyea of Aston-upon-Trent. Name.

The name uses a compound locative as a byname, but no documentation was submitted and none found showing any English surnames that evolved from a full compound place-name rather than just the first part of the place-name. Such bynames were declared unregisterable for Spanish names in 2002:

Lacking documentation that compound forms of placenames like Santiago de Compostela were used in locative bynames, this cannot be registered. [Beatriz de Santiago de Compostela, 01/02, R-Caid]

Barring evidence of locative bynames formed from full compound placenames in English, such names cannot be registered. We would drop the compound and register the byname as Æstun, but the submitter will not accept major changes.

The summary says that the given name, Lyneyea, is supported by a letter from Saint Gabriel. However, the letter does not document this spelling; instead it suggests the writers believe that Lyneya might not be a completely unreasonable form of Linniva. The phrase "The question remains whether <Lyneya> was a scribal error or a genuine record of an unusual form" is hardly a ringing endorsement of this form. If the submitter insists on a form of this name that uses "y" for "i", then we suggest Lynnyue or Lynnyve. Linniue is dated to 1185 in Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames s.n. Linney, and the i-->y switch is well documented in English. If the submitter is interested in an actual documentary form, we suggest Linnive.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Lyneyea of Seleone.

Malcolm MacPhie of Oronsay. Device. Per fess invected azure and Or, two lymphads Or and a wolf's head couped sable collared gules.

This must be returned for contrast and style problems concerning the collar on the wolf's head. Precedent states, "A beast's head gorged of a coronet or collar is treated by the SCA as having a tertiary charge...A tertiary charge needs to have good contrast with the underlying charge" [Chrestienne de Waterdene, 04/02, R-Æthelmearc]. In this case, the gules collar does not have good contrast with the sable wolf's head.

In addition, the collar was drawn as if the wolf's head were resting on it. Precedent says, "When an animal's head is collared, the neck shows above and beneath the collar, and the collar is treated as a tertiary charge. In this armory, the cat's head rests atop a disproportionately wide and deep collar. The cat's neck is not visible beneath the collar. This does not appear to be a period way of depicting a collared animal's head" [Cristal Fleur de la Mer, 02/03, R-Caid]. While the collar on this wolf's head is a reasonable size, it must be redrawn so that the wolf's neck is visible below the collar.

MIDDLE

Gunnolf of Mwre. Household name Wolfes Company.

Conflict with Wolves Haven, registered April 1987. In this case Haven and Company are designators and therefore transparent for terms of conflict.

NORTHSHIELD

None.

OUTLANDS

Ashi'al Külüjin. Name.

The first element in this name is not formed according to Mongol naming patterns. The submitter argues that Baras-aghur Naran, "On the Documentation and Construction of Period Mongolian Names", notes adjectival elements such as -al 'red' are appended to nouns to form Mongol names. However, this is not what the source says about constructing Mongol names:

The n+d pattern provides several names with one root. Examples of this are the Mongol word for iron is 'temur'. From this root word come the names Temur, Temujin, Temuge, Temuder, and Temulun. Note the dropping of the final consonant before the addition of the grammatical inflection. Grammatical inflections sometimes have a specific meaning, but do not stand on their own.

The suffix -jin means "of". Hence the literal meaning of Temujin is "of iron". This suffix is still used today to create patronymics. Another suffix which carries a specific meaning is -tai, which can be spelled -dai, -dei, -tai, or -tei, all of which show possession. An example is Chagatai, which is constructed from the root word Chagan, which means white, and the suffix -tai. The overall meaning of the name is "he who is white."

Period names of the n+n pattern are combined of two elements, both of which can stand on their own. The exception to this are names of this pattern that consist of a given name and and epithet. Examples of these are Al Altan (crimson gold), Qori Buqa (twenty bulls), and Mongke Temur (eternal iron).

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that -al is a grammatical inflection; in fact, it is documented as a color. The documentation shows examples of colors such as Al as preceding the noun; while we have found several examples of [color]+[noun], we found no examples of [noun]+[color]. We would change the name to Al-Ashiq Külüjin, but rearranging the order of the name elements is a major change which the submitter will not allow.

Although the submitted documentation shows that the final consonent was dropped frequently dropped from Mongol names where grammatical inflections are added, it does not show this happening with compound nouns. In fact, the name from which the submitter derives his given name, Ashiq-Temur strongly suggests this is not the case. If the submitter were to demonstrate a naming pattern showing [noun]+[color], we believe the proper formation for this name would be Ashiq-al.

Some comments questioned the use of the apostrophe is the compound Ashi'al. The apostrophe between vowels a transcription convention used by Urgunge Oron in his translation of The Secret History of the Mongols; every example of a transcribed Mongolian word with two concurrent vowels uses an apostrophe between the vowels.

TRIMARIS

Hróogeirr feilan. Name.

Withdrawn by the submitter.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE SEPTEMBER 2005 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

EALDORMERE

Eleanor of Huntingdon. Device. Per saltire vert and argent, in pale two open books argent and in fess two daggers sable.

Blazoned on the Letter of Intent as Per saltire argent and vert two daggers sable and two open books in cross, the field is actually Per saltire vert and argent and the books are argent. We have pended the device to allow the College the opportunity to research it using the correct tinctures.

This was item 3 on the Ealdormere letter of November 15, 2004.

EAST

Arielle Makcristyne. Name.

This submission raises the sticky question of whether names combining Hebrew names not found in the Bible and Scots or Scottish Gaelic should be registerable. There is evidence of Jews living in Ireland during our period. The website "The Irish Jewish Museum - Tracing the History of Ireland's Jews" by Carol Sorgenson, http://www.gallagherstravels.com/international_places/Ireland/irishjewishmuseum/ notes:

The earliest reference can be found in the Annals of Innisfallen which record the arrival in 1079 of five Jews from "over the sea," very likely merchants arriving from Rouen, the capital of Normandy, in France. More Jews arrived following the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal in 1496. The first Jewish Mayor of Ireland was William Annyas, of Youghal in County Cork, elected in 1555.

However, searches for information about Jewish history in Scotland suggest that Jews in Scotland were practically nonexistent until the late 17th C. What evidence is there for the kind of Jewish/Scottish contact in period that would allow the registration of Jewish/Scots or Jewish/Scottish Gaelic names? We are pending this name to give the College time to research and answer this question.

There was some question about the status of the name Arielle, both whether it was ever declared SCA-compatible, and whether it follows patterns for feminizing masculine Hebrew names. Precedent states:

The name Ariel is found in the Bible, in Ezra, as the name of a male leader. While no one could produce documentation showing that Arielle is a period name, Hebrew names of this sort are frequently feminized by adding an "a" or an "e" at the end. For instance, Rafael becomes Rafaelle, Gabriel becomes Gabrielle, Uriel becomes Urielle, Michael becomes Michaela, etc. Since our sources for period Hebrew names give us many more for men than for women, we are registering this as a compatible name. [Arielle the Golden, February 1997]

This precedent does not declare the name Arielle SCA-compatible. If it did, it would have used the phrase SCA-compatible. Instead, it says that the name Arielle is compatible with documented naming practice demonstrated by the pairs of names listed in the precedent. However, Siren notes: "research on Jewish names since 1997 has made it clear that feminine names were not formed in period by adding -a or -e to the end of masculine names. A few names of major saints were feminized *by Christians*, but none by Jews." Given this new information, barring other documentation of the name Arielle as a period name, we will discontinue registering this name beginning at the decision meeting in September of 2005.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Arielle of Eisental.

This was item 3 on the Ealdormere letter of November 15, 2004.

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