THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Anton Vadim syn. Name and device. Per fess sable and purpure all semy of double-bitted axes Or.

Submitted as Anton Vadim_, as submitted this name consisted of two given names. This means that one of the names must function as a byname, in this case a byname meaning "son of Vadim". However, we have no examples of unmarked patronymics in Russian. The submitter indicated that if the name had to be changed, he preferred the form Anton Vadim syn. We have made this change in order to register the name.

Deirdre Scot. Name.

There has of late been a fair amount of discussion of whether the name Deirdre should be declared registerable as a historically attested name. While we have found no historical examples of the spelling Deirdre, we do have the Latin form Derder. Effrick neyn Kennyeoch, in a post to scahrlds@listserv.aol.com, noted:

I found Balfour's Scots Peerage, which, oh joy of joys, is a wonderful book which cites primary sources for its data, including, for <Derdere>: Charles Rogers, ed. Chartulary of the Cistercian Priory of Coldstream with Relative Documents. London: The Grampian Club, 1879. And, even better, this book Stanford does have (on microfilm) *and* it includes transcriptions of the original Latin texts of the medieval charters, along with English abstracts. Four of these charters name our heroine, but, very interestingly, three of them call her <Derder> (one of them twice), while only one calls her <Derdere>. Further, these three charters are the ones issued by her husband (2) and her son (1), while the one that calls her <Derdere> was issued by the Bishop of St. Andrews. Another interesting discovery is that in all four charters, her name appears to be being used in the nominative case:

Page 6, charter no. 8:

... quod sponsa mea Derder dedit ... (... that my spouse Derder has given ...)

Page 8, charter no. 11:

... quod Derder Comitissa sponsa mea dedit ... (... that Derder Countess my spouse has given...) ... Testibus Derder Comitissa . Waldef filius comitis . Lambekin dapifer . Ernulfo de Suinton . Roberto le Norreis . Adam filio Meldredis . et aliis .

Page 18, charter no. 26:

... quas Derder Comitissa mater mea eiis dedit et Cospatricius comes pater meus carta sua confirmauit ...

The same post notes that the form Deirdre is attested from literature as both a Middle and Early Modern Irish spelling for this name. Given this combination of evidence, we must conclude that Deirdre is a rare name, but one occasionally used in Gaelic speaking cultures at least in the 12th C. Therefore, we are declaring that Deirdre is no longer SCA-compatible; instead it is registerable as a normalized attested 12th C Gaelic name.

This name mixes Gaelic and Scots or English. This is one step from period practice.

Kaðlín Sigvaldakona. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy argent and gules, in cross four domestic cats sejant counterchanged.

This name was originally submitted as Kaðlín Sigvaldiskona and changed at kingdom to the form listed here to correct the grammar. However, no mention of that change was made on the LoI. Submissions heralds: you must mention any changes you make to a name on the LoI no matter how minor -- grammar tweaks, spelling corrections, changes for authenticity -- all of these need to be mentioned. This mention is important because the College of Arms needs full information about a submission and its history to be able to evaluate it properly.

Sifrid der Blint. Name and device. Quarterly vert and argent, a flanged mace bendwise argent between two wolf's heads erased vert.

A small portion of the argent mace lies on the argent field; however, the mace has a long skinny handle which means that the area of overlap is minimal. Since the identifiability of the mace is not compromised we are registering this.

Sigvaldi inn enski. Name and device. Per chevron argent and sable, a crescent counterchanged.

There was some question whether the byname enski should be capitalized, since it is based on a proper noun (it means "the Englishman"). While precedent holds that bynames based on proper nouns may be registered in mixed case, it is not required that they be written that way. For example, transcriptions of the Landnámabók show hinn enski in all lowercase.

Sorcha inghean Airt. Device. Vert, on a lozenge argent a butterfly azure, a chief wavy argent.

Sven Tyrvisson. Device. Vert, a Thor's hammer inverted and in chief three mullets of six points Or.

Tristán Isidro de Alcaçar. Name and device. Gules, a loaded trebuchet argent and on a chief embattled Or three towers sable.

The default trebuchet is at rest, which has the arm bendwise sinister, aiming to dexter. The arm on this trebuchet is bendwise (with the trebuchet ready to release its load). We have thus chosen to blazon it as loaded. There is a blazonable difference between a trebuchet at rest and a loaded trebuchet, but there is not a CD. The fact that this trebuchet has no wheels is an unblazonable, artistic detail.

ANSTEORRA

Aylwin de Claromonte. Name and device. Vert, a chevron and in chief an arrow fesswise reversed Or.

Submitted as Aylwin de Clairmonte, no documentation was submitted and none found supporting Clairmonte as a period spelling for this placename. The cited documentation, Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Claremont, given these dated locative forms: de Claromonte 1148, de Clermunt 1185, and de Clermund 1279. We have changed the name to Aylwin de Claromonte, the closest of these forms in sound and appearance to the submitted form, in order to register it.

Clare Wynters. Name.

There was some question whether the name Wynters is a registerable English surname. Wynters is a header form in Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. We have no examples of this name in period in English spelled with the terminal -s. In fact, in their introduction, Reaney and Wilson quote Weekley as asking, "but why always Summers or Somers with s and Winter without?" This strongly suggests that, in England, Winters or Wynters is a modern evolution of this name.

However, Albion notes a Low German document from 1493 (http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/ 3frame.html?/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/mn/mn11.htm) that speaks of "Myner suster Gheseken Wynters" (my sister Ghesken Wynters). Therefore, the form Wynters is registerable as a German surname, but it is not authentic for English. Its use is a step from period practice when combined with an English given name, because such a name mixes Low German and English.

Da'ud ibn Auda. Device change. Argent, two chevronels azure between three apples gules, slipped and leaved proper, and on a chief vert a curved hilt shamshir fesswise reversed blade to base argent.

His prior device, Argent, two chevronels azure between three apples gules, slipped and leaved proper, on a chief vert a scimitar fesswise reversed blade to base argent, is released.

Elizabeta Maria dei Medici. Name.

François de Lions. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Francois de Lyon, the submitter requested an authentic 12th C French name. The documentation for the given name, Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris", (www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html) shows the form François. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, shows the Norman surname de Lions in 1159; the name is a locative for someone from Lyons-la-Foret in Eure. We have changed the name to François de Lions to match the documentation and partially fulfill his request for authenticity.

Guillaume de Troyes. Device. Gules ermined Or, on a pile throughout Or a fox rampant gules.

This device is clear of the badge of Ynhared Dewines y Glyndu, Sable, a vixen [Vulpes vulpes] rampant proper and with the badge of Frank Wuetendwolf (for House Wuetendwolf), Sable, a wolf rampant gules, fimbriated argent. Precedent notes:

[Barry vert and Or, on a pile sable a thunderbolt Or] This does not conflict with Huldah von Jal, Per bend sinister sable and gules, a thunderbolt Or. While we consider piles to conflict with chaussé fields, a field with a pile is not reblazonable as having chaussé field, as there is an artistic distinction that we enforce (namely that the pile does not issue from the corners of the chief). Therefore, the devices are clear by X.2. ... [Roiberd Mor Barra, 11/00, A-Drachenwald]

Therefore, Guillaume's device is clear of the cited badges by X.2, Substantially Different Charges.

Hugo von Ortenburg. Name.

Isabeau Lallement. Name and device. Per chevron throughout azure mullety Or and Or, in base a badger rampant contourny sable marked argent.

Nice 16th C French name!

Sabine Lefevre d'Armagnac. Badge. Sable, on a fox's mask Or a bunch of grapes vert.

Susanne of the Steppes. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a dog's head erased azure collared argent.

Submitted under the name Susanne of Caldwell.

Varvara Sigurðardottir. Name and device. Azure, a chevron between three mullets of four points in chevron and a tower Or.

Submitted as Varvara Sigurdsdottir, the source from which the name is documented, Haraldson, The Old Norse Name, shows the base name in this patronymic as Sigurðr. The correct genitive form of this name is Sigurðar. We have changed this name to Varvara Sigurðardottir to correct the grammar and match the documentation.

This name mixes Russian and Old Norse; this is one step from period practice.

AN TIR

Amicia of the Ruins. Name.

The submitter requested a name authentic for 14th C England. The given name Amicia is a lovely 14th C English name. The byname, however, is the name of an SCA group, Shire of the Ruins, and we have no examples of of the Ruins or similar sounding bynames in English. For an authentic 14th C name, we would suggest picking the 14th C form of an English placename. As the given name was found in Yorkshire, we would suggest "de York", which Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. York, date to 1324.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Order name Ordre du Cheval et du Lion.

Cathal Colach. Name.

The submitter requested a name authentic for 6th-10th C Scottish. However, we have no information about whether either Cathal or Colach were used in Scotland. In addition, we have no examples of the byname Colach before the 15th C. While this is an excellent 15th C Irish name, it is not authentic for the submitter's desired time and place, nor are we able to make it so.

Giles Lupino. Name.

This name mixes English and Italian; this is one step from period practice.

Jalida bint al-Yasamin bint al-Susiya. Name and device. Vert, in fess a fork and spoon argent, a bordure argent semy of mushrooms azure.

Submitted as Jalida bint_Yasamin bint al-Susiya, the submitter has changed the form of the first patronymic from that found in the documentation which notes the name Ab{u-} Mu{h.}ammad Ibn al-Y{a-}sam{i-}n. We have changed the name to Jalida bint al-Yasamin bint al-Susiya to match the documentation. Although the registered form does not match the transliteration system used in the documentation, it uses an acceptable and consistent transliteration for Arabic.

Margaret Fae. Name.

The documentation provided for the given name was only a book name and page number. This is not an adequate summarization of the support for a name. The book in question was Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, which contains various forms of period given names, as well as modern form of period names, non-English names and explicitly modern names. Had commenters not provided the missing information about this name, we would have been forced to return it.

Olivia Dougall. Device. Per saltire purpure and argent, two needles argent and two lit candles purpure.

Shannan O'Duncan. Name.

Submitted as Shannon O'Duncan, the spelling Shannon is, according to Black, The Surnames of Scotland, and Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, a modern Anglicization of the Gaelic Ó Seanain. Modern Anglicizations are not registerable unless they are shown to be consistent with period Anglicizations. Shannon is not consistent with period Anglicizations. Black, s.n. Shannan, lists the period Anglicizations of Ó Seanain as Aschenane 1376, Achinyane 1388, Aschennane 1548, 1566, 1581-2. Woulfe, s.n. Ó Seanain, shows O Shenane, O Shanan, and O Shennan as forms dated to temp. Elizabeth I -- James I. Given these examples, Shanan is the closest documentable Anglicization to the submitted spelling, while the header from Black, Shannan, is a plausible period constructed form. We note that, although we have no examples of the name Senan or Seanan in use after the 12th C, it is a saint's name, and so generally registerable without temporal penalty. We have changed the name to Shannan O'Duncan in order to register it.

Tita the Wanderer. Name.

The byname the Wanderer is a standard English translation for the attested Italian byname Pellegrino. Under the Lingua Anglica allowance, simple descriptive bynames documented in non-English languages may be registered in their English translation; the submitter has chosen to do this.

Tristram O'Shee. Name and device. Per saltire gules and sable, a calygreyhound rampant argent.

This device is clear of Bradon D'Arindel's device, Sable, a male griffin rampant argent, and his badge, (Fieldless) A male griffin segreant argent. In each case there is a CD for changes to the field. As there is at least a CD between a calygreyhound and a male griffin, these are clear.

Tristam's device is also clear of Alienore di Paravano's device, Per saltire gules and sable, a winged lion rampant, wings elevated and addorsed, argent. There is an X.2 (substantial) difference between a calygreyhound and a winged lion.

Finally, Tristam's device is clear of the important non-SCA arms of Wallace, Gules, a lion rampant argent, and of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Sable, a lion rampant argent. In each case there is a CD for changes to the field and at least a CD between a calygreyhound and a lion.

Wilfred of Corwen. Name.

ATENVELDT

Annalena Gianetta dei Medici da Vicinza. Name.

Beatrice Fayrwether of York. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Cyneburg Thorisdohter. Name and device. Per pale sable and vert, a lightning bolt palewise and a garb, on a chief Or three hearts gules.

Originally submitted as Cyneburg Thorisdohter, the name was changed at kingdom to Cyneburga Thorisdohter, presumably to match the documentation provided. "PASE - Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England" (http://www.pase.ac.uk/content/lists/select.html) lists the spellings Cyneburg, Cineburg, and Kyneburg. Therefore, we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form, as it is well attested in Anglo Saxon England.

Neither the fact that the change had been made nor the reason for the change were listed on the LoI. Let me stress once again how important it is to include all information about changes made to a name at kingdom. Even if a change seems minor, it must be mentioned on the LoI. This allows the College of Arms to evaluate whether the change is truly necessary and fix them if they are not. Failure to mention changes may cause an item to be pended for further consideration; repeated failure to mention changes may be cause for administrative return of items or entire letters.

Eirene Zaridina. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, a bunch of grapes counterchanged.

Elizabeth Frogenhall. Name.

Faolán of Atenveldt. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a chevron between two hearts Or and a wolf's head erased argent.

Submitted under the name Faolán Boru.

Gepa of Sundragon. Name.

Guillaume le Dragon. Name and device. Azure, on a roundel per pale sable and argent, an Oriental dragon tergiant embowed-counterembowed counterchanged.

Linnett Marie de Ryes. Device. Per saltire sable and gules, an acorn within a vol Or.

Merrick O Dowling. Badge. Sable, a bend cotised between two death's heads argent.

Richard Frogenhall. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Richard Froggenhall, both the forms and documentation showed Richard Frogenhall. We have changed the name back to the spelling on the forms.

Rivka bat Yehudah. Device. Azure, a chevron rompu ermine between two wolves' heads couped respectant and a feather argent.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Amazonia Longa, Azure, a chevron rompu ermine between two triquetras argent and a rapier proper.

Séamus mac Ríáin. Name and device. Or, a winged cat sejant sable and on a chief gules three open books Or.

Submitted as Séamus mac Ríán, the patronymic was in the nominative case rather than the required genitive case. We have changed the name to Séamus mac Ríáin to correct the grammar.

Snorri inn hávi. Device. Per bend sable and Or, a wolf passant counterchanged.

ATLANTIA

Antoine Francesco. Device. Per chevron sable and gules, a chevron embattled between two daggers in chevron and a rose argent.

Brian de Messina. Device. Argent, a griffin segreant sable and a chief indented azure.

Brighid inghean Ioain. Name and device. Per fess azure and purpure, a fret and in base a crescent Or.

Bright Hills, Barony of. Badge for Company of the White Horse. (Fieldless) A horse courant argent, charged on the hind flank with a decrescent sable.

Catherine Grace Fitzlewis. Device. Vert, a tree blasted and eradicated and on a chief argent a triquetra inverted between two triquetras azure.

Christian Thomas of York. Name.

Egil Nöckl the Redhand. Reblazon of device. Or, a goat rampant between in fess two roundels gules.

Registered on the February 1991 with the blazon Or, a goat rampant between two roundels gules, there is no default for two charges around an object on a plain field. The blazon has been changed to specify the placement of the roundels.

Eleanor de Montfort of Atlantia. Name (see PENDS for device).

Eleanor Gildenher. Name and device. Argent, a pomegranate slipped and leaved purpure and a chief doubly enarched gules.

Felipe de Pamplona. Name and device. Sable, on a pall cotised argent a Wake knot vert.

Please advise the submitter that the Wake knot should be drawn larger to fill the available space.

Finnr bestill. Name change from holding name Finnr of Sacred Stone.

Gruffudd ap Cadfael. Badge. (Fieldless) A demi-griffin gules.

Hidden Mountain, Barony of. Badge for Order of the Defender of the Mountain. Sable, a mountain erased voided in chief three clouds one and two argent within a bordure Or.

The use of a mountain erased voided is grandfathered to the barony.

Jonet Nycholl. Device. Argent, a fox courant to sinister gules and on a chief enarched vert two crescents argent.

Justin Stephen Cradoc. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, four valknuts counterchanged.

Katharin Ann Muir. Name.

Katharin is the submitter's legal given name.

Livia Zanna. Name.

Mavis M'Encrogh. Name.

Submitted as Maeve M'Encrogh, the submitted spelling of the given name is a modern Anglicization of the Gaelic name Meadb. Furthermore, an examination of period Anglicizations of Irish names in Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, shows no examples of names containing the vowel combination -ea- that is Anglicized -ae; such combinations are most commonly Anglicized as just a, but are also found Anglicized as e and, occasionally, ea. Barring documentation that Maeve is a period Anglicization of this name, this spelling is no longer registerable. The Academy of Saint Gabriel report number 2196 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2196) notes the period Scots form Mavis in 1532 in the manuscript Aberdeen Council Registers, Volumes 8 - 20 (1501-1551}. We have changed the name to Mavis M'Encrogh in order to register it.

Orum MacGregor. Name.

Ponte Alto, Barony of. Badge for Onore del Ponte d'Oro. Per fess sable and Or, a fleur-de-lys and a single-arched bridge counterchanged.

Sláine Fhionn. Device. Quarterly sable and argent, a dragon rampant counterchanged.

Takaishi no Hida Saburou Yoshimori. Name.

Werner der Fromme. Device. Vert, a chevron throughout checky sable and argent between two Maltese crosses and a lion argent.

CAID

Ailis inghean Mhairghrege. Alternate name Judith of Dragonslake.

Alys Chauntrey. Device. Vert, three panpipes Or.

Nice device!

Anne Cathryn of Wicken Bonhunt. Device change. Vert, a cat sejant guardant between eight lilies in annulo bases to center argent.

Her previous device, Argent, a hunting horn between three lilies sable, is retained as a badge.

Anne Cathryn of Wicken Bonhunt. Badge. Gules, on a lozenge sable fimbriated a pawprint argent.

The use of a pawprint is a step from period practice.

Antonia de Andalucia. Name and device. Argent, a horse passant and a dexter tierce sable.

Please advise the submitter that the tierce should be wider.

Charles Inigo de Grey. Name.

Christina de Briscoe. Name.

Dawid Skalic. Name and device. Argent, a brown eagle's head erased contourny proper within an orle gules.

Submitted as Dawid Skalec, the submitter requested an authentic Polish name. The name Skalec is documented from Hoffman, Polish Surnames, where it appears undated. Unless Hoffman provides a date for a name, it is almost certainly 18th C or later. Therefore, when a name is documented from Hoffman, if a form is undated, then further documentation is required to support registration. Nebuly notes that many of Hoffman's names are drawn from Rymut, Nazwiska Polakow, and that "Rymut's book (s.n. Ska{l/}a) does not list the spelling Skalec, but does have Skalic dated to 1398." We have changed the name to Dawid Skalic in order to register it and to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

Ian Edwardson. Name.

This name does not conflict with John Edward, registered September 1994. By precedent, the names Ian and John do not conflict:

The names Ian and John are more different in both sound and appearance than Ian and Eoin, which were ruled to be clear of each other in the precedent:

[Eoin Mac Cainnigh] The name is clear of Ian MacCoinnich, registered 9/90; Eoin and Ian are significantly different in sound as well as appearance. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR April 1996, p. 1)

Therefore, just as Ian and Eoin do not conflict, the names Ian and John do not conflict. [Ian the Hunter, Atenveldt, August 2002]

Ian is an SCA-compatible Anglicized Gaelic name.

Isabella Katherine de Grey. Name (see RETURNS for device).

John the Brittle. Alternate name Jose Gaspar de Tortuga.

Avast ye! Seriously, though, this name is built from reasonable 16th C Spanish elements. Yar!

Justin Longarm. Name.

Lachlan of Cromarty. Name change from Lachlan Erskine of Cromarty.

His old name, Lachlan Erskine of Cromarty, is released.

Lachlan of Cromarty. Release of badge. (Fieldless) Four comets conjoined in saltire, heads to center, Or.

Normally a release of armory requires a legal signature; however, as the submitter is currently Crescent Principal Herald and is responsible for the Letter of Intent it is reasonable to assume he actually did intend this release.

Ogan O Crowly. Name.

This name mixes Early Modern Irish Gaelic and Anglicized Irish; this is one step from period practice.

Saran Seanchaidhe. Name.

DRACHENWALD

Anneke Lyffland. Device change. Per bend sable and argent, two cinquefoils pierced counterchanged.

Nice device! Her previous device, Sable, a hippogriff passant within an orle argent, is released.

Astrid Johnsdotter Torp. Name reconsideration from Astrid Jons dotter i Torp and device. Sable, a wyvern erect entwined about a trident palewise and on a chief argent three four-leaved clovers vert.

There was some question whether the locative byname was registerable as submitted. No examples of this byname were found without the preposition. However, there is a pattern in late period Scandinavian bynames where the preposition is dropped from true locatives. The "Diplomatarium Norvegicum" website (http://www.dokpro.uio.no/dipl_norv/om_dn.html) contains a document issued from Thorp which contains the occupation/locative combination Hans Enarson kerkepresth i Torp (Hans Enarson, priest of the church at Torp). This is sufficient to show Torp as a true locative in period. This makes it registerable without the preposition; however, the lack of examples of its use without the preposition make the name unlikely.

Erec von Rosenfels. Name (see PENDS for device).

Katharina von Awe. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Katharina von Aue, the submitter requested an authentic 14th C German name. A collection in the "Fontes Civitatis Ratisponensis" site (http://bhgw20.kfunigraz.ac.at) titled "Almosenamt" shows a list of transcribed documents dated between 1299 and 1400 and found in the Regensberg state archive. The byname von Awe appears in document 11, dated 1328, and document 22, dated 1344. We have changed the name to Katharina von Awe to fulfill her request for authenticity.

Katherine of Glastonbury. Device. Vert, two pallets Or.

Nice armory.

Peter von Dürnten. Name.

EAST

Anne of Framlingham. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) A key palewise wards to dexter base sable.

Registered in August 1997 with the blazon (Fieldless) A key inverted sable, the orientation of the key was not clear from the blazon. As the Glossary of Terms notes, when keys are depicted palewise, it must be specified whether the wards are to chief or to base. We have reblazoned this to clarify the orientation of the key.

Havre de Glace, Barony of. Order name Ordo Meriti Martialis and badge. Azure, a ram's head cabossed argent and a ford proper.

Havre de Glace, Barony of. Badge for Ordre de Mai. Azure, a spider inverted argent and a ford proper.

Havre de Glace, Barony of. Badge for Ordre du Pèlerin. Azure, an escallop and a chief embattled argent, a ford proper.

Havre de Glace, Barony of. Order name Ordre du lys d'argent (see RETURNS for badge).

This does not conflict with Order of the Argent Lily, registered September 1995, to the Kingdom of Meridies. According to RfS V.2.a "Two descriptive elements are considered significantly different if they differ significantly in both sound and appearance," while RfS V.2.b.i states that two non-personal names with the same number of elements "do not conflict if each of them contains a descriptive element significantly different from every descriptive element in the other". In this case, we believe that the element lys is different enough in sound and appearance from lily to be considered significantly different. For one thing, the two have a different number of syllables, and while both start with the letter l, they share only one other letter and it is in a different position in the word. This is equivalent to differences between other items that do not conflict, such as Dragon's Vale and Vale de Draco

John Edward Scot. Name and device. Argent, two chevronels sable, overall a cross clechy gules.

Joscelin Tarr. Name.

Laurencia of Carlisle. Name change from Laurencia MacLeod and device. Per chevron ermine and gules, a swallow volant argent.

Her old name, Laurencia MacLeod, is released.

Leah Hundemanin. Name and device. Argent, a talbot passant sable and on a chief double arched azure three doves volant to sinister argent.

Lorccán hua Donnubáin. Name.

Originally submitted as Lorccán Ó Donnubhàin, the name was changed at kingdom to Lorccán Ó Donnubáin to render the name into a fully Middle Irish (900- to 1200s) form and to match the documentation. However, the change at kingdom changed the patronymic to Middle Irish but left the marker in its Early Modern Irish form; such a combination in a single name phrase is not registerable. We have changed the name to Lorccán hua Donnubáin, a fully Middle Irish form, in order to register it.

Lucien de Pontivi. Badge. Sable, in fess two harps argent.

Magdalena d'Arzenta. Name.

Máirghréad Kjaransdóttir. Name and device. Purpure, a chevron embattled, in base a cat sejant argent.

This name mixes Gaelic and Old Norse; this is one step from period practice. The submitter indicated an interest in a fully Old Norse name but accepted only minor changes. A fully Old Norse form of this name would be Margrét Kjaransdóttir; Margrét is listed in Haraldson, The Old Norse Name.

Malcolm MacLeod of Caer Adamant. Name change from holding name Malcolm of Caer Adamant.

Marcele de Montsegur. Name and device. Or, a bend fusilly between six crosses of Toulouse gules.

Marcus Atheniou. Name and device. Per chevron sable and purpure, a chevron between a roundel and an owl affronty argent.

Submitted as Marcus Athenion, the grammar of the patronymic is incorrect. Metron Ariston notes:

The genitive would be Atheniou as the patronym is formed with the singular form which usually does end in -iou. This represents a final iota omicron upsilon. The Greek form shown on the Letter of Intent ends in iota omega nu which is the genitive plural.

We have changed the name to Marcus Atheniou to correct the grammar.

This name mixes a Latin form of the given name with a Greek byname. If the submitter is interested in a fully Greek form of this name, we suggest Markos Atheniou. Fraser and Matthews, "Lexicon of Greek Personal Names" (http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/), has 167 examples of the name Markos. We have not changed the name to this form because the submitter did not request an authentic name.

Marcus Atheniou. Alternate name Marc Levesque.

Nice 15th C French name!

Maria Gundesindo de Leon. Name and device. Gyronny vert and argent, three cats herissony Or.

Submitted as Marja Gundesindo de León, the given name is the name of the sister of Lazarus from a 6th C copy of a 3rd C translation into Gothic of the Biblical book of John. However, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Gothic speakers ever adopted Biblical names. While any Biblical name is generally registerable for languages and cultures that are shown to have used such names, they are not registerable in languages and cultures which do not show this pattern. Barring documentation either for the use of Marja by an ordinary Goth or for the adoption of Biblical names in Gothic language/culture, the name is not registerable. The rest of the name is Spanish; the name Maria is found in Antonio Miguel Santos de Borja, "Medieval Spanish Names from the Monastery of Sahagun" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/miguel/sahagun/sahagunNames1.html) dating from 917-935. In addition, the documentation for the locative byname shows Leon; this is expected for the 10th-13th C. We have changed the name to a fully Spanish form appropriate for 10th C Leon, Maria Gundesindo de Leon, in order to register it and to match the submitted documentation.

Maria O Mulstey. Name and device. Azure, a swan naiant to sinister between three roses argent barbed and seeded proper.

Marion del Okes. Name and device. Or, a badger statant sable marked argent within an orle of oak leaves conjoined vert fructed proper.

This is a lovely 14th C English name.

Please advise the submitter that the acorns should be drawn a bit larger and that more of the field should show on the outside of the orle.

Mauda inghean uí Dhonnabháin. Name and device. Or, in bend a phoenix gules and a lion contourny maintaining an arrow azure.

Morgan de Villarquamada. Badge. (Fieldless) On a sun quarterly Or and argent, a fleur-de-lis gules.

New Wyndehame, Shire of. Branch name and device. Per chevron azure and argent, within a laurel wreath counterchanged a phoenix argent.

Normally in the design a widget within a laurel wreath, the widget is the primary charge; however, in this case the laurel wreath is the primary charge. The phoenix is not in the center of the design; in fact due to its tincture (and the design of the device), it is forced to be small and in chief.

Nicholas de Harrington. Name and device. Per chevron vert and Or, two crosses moline argent and a raven volant wings addorsed sable.

Oriana di Octavia Volpe da Venezia. Name and device. Per chevron gules and Or, two ships Or and a peacock in his pride head to sinister proper.

There was some question whether matronymics were used in Italian names. Talan Gwynek, "15th Century Italian Men's Names", includes a Giacomo de Argentina The third real paragraph of this article says: "If the final a can be trusted, de Argentina is probably metronymic." This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that names of this form are registerable.

Owen de Hudelesdun. Name.

Nice 13th C English name!

Patrick McConville. Name (see RETURNS for badge).

There was some question whether the spelling of the surname, which is modern, was consistent with period Anglicizations. While Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. Mac Conmhaoil, gives the late-period Anglicizations M'Convale and M'Conwaile, which do not support the -ville spelling, Woulfe s.n. Mac Cathmhaoil, the late period Anglicization M'Kavill is listed. This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the spelling McConville is consistent with period forms.

Philippos Kuniklos. Name and device. Per bend argent and sable, a coney rampant contourny counterchanged.

Submitted as Philipos Kounelis, the submitter indicated that he was most interested in a Greek name meaning "Philip the Bunny". No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the Greek surname Kounilis, whose meaning is "rabbit", was used before the 19th C; as a modern name, it is not registerable. The word kuniklos, meaning "rabbit" or "coney," is found in the 2nd C BC in Polybius, Histories, book 12, chapter 3, section 10:

ho de kuniklos porrôthen men horômenos einai dokei lagôs mikros, hotan d' eis tas cheiras labêi tis, megalên echei diaphoran kai kata tên epiphaneian kai kata tên brôsin: (The rabbit indeed at a distance looks like a small hare; but when taken in the hand, it is found to be widely different both in appearance and in the taste of its flesh; and it also lives generally underground.)

A copy of Polybius is available at http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0233;query=toc;layout=;loc=12.3.1; the translation is from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunicularium. From this, it seems that Kuniklos would be an appropriate word for a byname meaning "bunny." We note that the documentation for the given name shows Philippos, which is the expected transliteration of this name from Greek. We have changed the name to Philippos Kuniklos in order to register it.

Pierre de Tours. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Reinhardt Breitenbach. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or, an abacus counterchanged.

Robert Hildreth. Name and device. Argent, a strawberry gules seeded argent, slipped vert, and on a chief azure three swords palewise proper.

Robert of Smoking Rocks. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly sable and gules, a sea-bull maintaining a cutlass within a bordure dovetailed Or.

This device is clear of Keith of Long Shore's device, Per pale sable and gules, a sea-lion erect regardant within a bordure dovetailed Or. There is a CD for changes to the field and another for the difference between a sea-lion and a sea-bull.

Robert's device is also clear of Eckhart von Eschenbach's device, Per saltire purpure and vert, a sea-wolf erect Or, maintaining in the dexter forepaw an arrow bendwise sinister and in the sinister a bow strung bendwise argent, all within a bordure embattled Or. There is a CD for changes to the field and another CD for the difference between sea-wolf and sea-bull.

Submitted under the name Robert MacNeill.

Sara Elizabeth Drake. Name.

Sebastiano Manetti. Badge. Per bend azure and argent, in bend three roundels counterchanged.

Shakir al-Fayyad. Name and device. Quarterly sable and vert, in bend two wolves' heads couped argent.

Sibylla von Grunewald. Name and device. Sable, a tree blasted and in base three acorns two and one Or.

Several of the commenters noted that they were unable to find the spelling of the given name documented to period. However, Bahlow, Unsere Vornamen im Wandel der Jahrhunderte, s.n. Sibylle, cites one Maria Sibylla Merian, who Britannica Online notes was born in 1647. In addition, the Saint Gabriel letter number 2771 (http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi?2771) notes:.

Our research indicates that <Sibilla> was a relatively rare name in medieval Germany, but we did find a few examples: <Sibilla> in 1111- 1115 and 1292; and <Sibilia> in 1237 and 1281. In addition, <Sibylla> appears as a given name in Germany in the late middle ages and appears repeatedly thereafter [1, 2, 4]

[1] Socin, Adolf, Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch. Nach oberrheinischen Quellen des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts (Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 1903; Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1966), pp. 93-94.

[2] Bahlow, Hans, Unsere Vornamen im Wandel der Jahrhunderte, Vol. 4 in the series Grundriss der Genealogie (Limburg a. d. Lahn: C. A. Starke Verlag, 1965). s.n. Sibylle.

[4] Drosdowski, Guenther, Duden Lexikon der Vornamen, 2nd ed. (Mannheim: Dudenverlag, 1974). s.n. Sibylle

Sorcha of Stonegrave. Device. Or, a sun in his splendor gules, on a chief vert three billets argent.

Stuart MacDonald. Name (see RETURNS for device and badge).

Stuart is the submitter's legal given name.

Susanna Flur. Name and device. Sable, a melusine argent vested gules and on a chief Or three roses proper.

Submitted as Susanna Flor, the byname was an undated variant of the name Flohr; both Flor and Flohr are found in Morlet, Dictionnaire étymologique des Noms de Famille. This is a situation where a translation of the source should have been provided -- not only are such translations required, but, in this case, it provides useful information. Morlet says that the names Flor and Flohr are found in Alsace-Lorraine and derive from a German occupational word, vlour. As Morlet dates neither form of this name, we must assume that these spellings are modern. However, Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Flur, notes the same derivation for this name as Morlet, and lists a Bentz Flur 1413. We have changed the name to Susanna Flur, using a dated form of the byname, in order to register it. We note that although Susanna was documented as an English name, it can also be documented as a German name: Susanna is found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael's "German Names from 1495" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/german1495.html)

The melusine is wearing a short-sleeved tunic that extends to where her tail splits. For purposes of conflict checking, she is considered argent.

Tassi gylðir. Name.

Tat'iana the Red. Name and device. Erminois, a cinquefoil and on a chief gules three crescents argent.

The byname is a translation of the Russian descriptive byname Krasnoi, "red, beautiful", dated to 1434 in Wickenden, A Dictionary of Period Russian Names. This is a correct use of the Lingua Anglica allowance, which allows translations of simple descriptive bynames into the Society's Lingua Anglica -- English -- in a non-English name.

Tatsukawa Yamabukime. Name.

Nice 16th C Japanese woman's name!

Valentina Barrow. Name.

This name mixes Italian and English; this is one step from period practice.

Victor Ispan. Name (see PENDS for device).

William Atherbridge. Name.

Ysabel de Saint-Malo. Name and device. Per bend purpure and sable, a sun argent, a base Or.

The submitter requested a name authentic for 15th C France. The name Ysabel is fine for this place and time; it appears twice in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, & 1438" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/paris1423.html). While we have been unable to find a 15th C example of Saint-Malo, we did find a mention of a 16th or early 17th C form of this spelling. L'économie politique patronale, Traicté de l'oeconomie politique : dédié en 1615 au Roy et à la Reyne mère du Roy, Antoyne de Montchrétien ; [ éd. ] par Th. Funck-Brentano lists a Jacques Cartier de Saint-Malo in 1534. Given this information, we believe that this is a reasonable late 15th C French name.

Ysemay Sterlyng. Device change. Quarterly gules and argent, a cross counterchanged and a chief sable.

Her previous device, Quarterly gules and argent, a cross counterchanged, on a chief sable an open book between a feather bendwise and another bendwise sinister argent, is released.

Ysemay Sterlyng. Badge. (Fieldless) On a vair-bell argent, a bâtarde letter "y" gules.

GLEANN ABHANN

Anabella de Carlaverok. Name.

Submitted as Anabella of Caerlaverock, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th-13th C Scotland. The submitter documented the given name to the late 13th C, but gave only modern citations for the locative. However, Watson, The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland, p 368, says of this placename that "the old spellings are all like the present, e.g. Carlaverok 1371. While this is not the 13th C, it is the closest dated spelling to the 13th C we were able to locate. In addition, in the 13th and 14th C in Scotland, we would expect the Norman de to be used instead of the English or Scots of. We have changed the name to Anabella de Carlaverok to partially fulfill her request for authenticity.

Cormac Ó Mannacháin. Device. Vert, a griffin Or, a chief indented argent.

Niccolo Talenti. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Nice 13th C Italian name!

Pálfi Josa. Name.

Submitted as Pálfi Józsa, the given name, Józsa is a modern spelling of this name. Eastern Crown explains:

...the spelling 'zs' is post-period; the earliest I've seen it used is the early 1700s. The cited datum from 1462 appears in Kázmér in square brackets, indicating that the spelling has been modernized. The usual period spelling of this name is Josa; see for example Kázmér p. 942 s.n. Somi: Somi Josa 1497-1504.

Therefore, we have changed the name to Pálfi Josa in order to register it.

The submitter desired a feminine name. However, the name Józsa is not used as a feminine name until the 19th C. Eastern Crown explains:

In period, "Józsa" was never a feminine name; it was a masculine diminutive of "József" (Joseph) or "János" (John; based on the Latin form Johann(es) or the old "Ivan"-variant Jovan(us)). Use of "Józsa" as a feminine version of [this name] dates from the 19th century nationalist movement, when it was deliberately adopted in place of the foreign-sounding "Jozefa" or "Jozefina". Another old masculine diminutive of "János", "Janka", was adopted at the same time as a more Hungarian-sounding feminine name than "Johanna". Both masculine diminutives had by that time been long enough out of fashion that they could change genders readily. [Ladó János: Magyar utónévkönyv. Akadémiai kiadó, Budapest, 1984; s.nn. Józsa, Janka.]

Fehértói Katalin: Árpád-kori személynévtár, s.n. Iohanna and Ivana, notes Iohana 1231, Ioanna 1287, and Iwana 1259/1270. We would change the name to one of these forms, but this would significantly alter the sound and appearance of the name. As the submitter will not accept major changes, we are unable to change the given name to make this a feminine name.

Rebecka MacGillivray. Badge. Per pale gules and azure, a lightning bolt palewise argent.

Symon de Warwyck. Name (see RETURNS for device and badge).

LAUREL

Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Batonvert Herald from Society for Creative Anachronism.

Society for Creative Anachronism. Transfer of heraldic title Batonvert Herald to Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme.

There was some question whether heraldic titles could be transferred to individuals when the title had not been created specifically for that individual. In June 1999, the transfer of the title Treblerose Herald was returned:

[Thomas de Castellan. Transfer of heraldic title. Treblerose Herald] When we ruled that individuals could own their heraldic titles, we said in a cover letter:

After much thought we have decided to allow heraldic titles to be transferred to individual heralds under the following conditions:

1. The title must have been granted to the individual herald by the crown of the kingdom and the principal herald of the kingdom (except in cases where the Principal Herald is receiving a personal title for himself), or by the Laurel Sovereign, as a personal title for the herald...

This submission did not fulfill these requirements...More importantly, this was NOT a creation for the individual nor has it been peculiarly associated with him. This is a very old Eastern title (one of the oldest) and was revived for the use of Arval Benicoeur when he became a commenting herald in the 1980's. Through the better part of the 1980's it was associated particularly with Arval (for good or ill!!). Just as Eastern titles such as Brigantia, Eastern Crown or Blue Tyger, may not be transferred to an individual, neither may this."

This precedent raises two potential problems with this registration. The first is whether the rules laid out for such transfers require that a title be registered specifically for the person to whom it is to be transferred. The second is whether it is presumptuous for an individual to own a heraldic title closely associated with another individual or with a particular heraldic rank within a kingdom. If the answer to the first of these is yes, then this transfer must be returned. The full text of the conditions for transfer of a heraldic title to an individual are found in the April 1997 Cover Letter:

After much thought we have decided to allow heraldic titles to be transferred to individual heralds under the following conditions:

1. The title must have been granted to the individual herald by the crown of the kingdom and the principal herald of the kingdom (except in cases where the Principal Herald is receiving a personal title for himself), or by the Laurel Sovereign, as a personal title for the herald.

2. The transfer must appear on a letter of intent, and follow all the requirements of any transfer.

3. The title will be counted as a name, when seeing how many registered items the person has.

In addition, the Administrative Handbook says only "Heraldic titles may not be registered directly by individuals, but may be transferred to individuals with the approval of the owning branch and the kingdom to which it belongs." We believe that, while the intent of the April 1997 Cover Letter was to allow kingdoms to register personal heraldic titles specifically so that they could be transferred to individuals, it does not actually forbid the transfer of existing titles that were not registered specifically for this purpose. A reasonable person reading this statement is likely to interpret the first statement is preventing either a principal herald from granting title to a herald who is unacceptable to a Crown, or else preventing a Crown from granting someone a heraldic title who is unacceptable to the kingdom's College of Heralds. The Administrative Handbook supports this interpretation. Therefore, we do not believe that, just because a heraldic title was not registered specifically for an individual, it cannot be transferred to that individual.

Is it presumptuous for an individual to own a heraldic title closely associated with another individual or with certain types of heraldic duties within a branch? The June 1999 precedent cited above strongly suggests that it is, and we agree. RfS IV spells it out: "names may not claim status or powers the submitter does not possess" RfS IV.3 specifies further, "names that unmistakably imply identity with ...a protected person or literary character will generally not be registered." To accept transfer of a heraldic title associated with a unique set of duties within a College of Arms is to make a claim to status that the submitter does not possess. Titles associated with a unique set of duties include titles for the Society sovereigns of arms and staff titles associated with rules discussion, LoAR publication, and the handling of the Ordinary and Armorial, principal heralds, branch heralds, and titles for kingdom and principality offices such as internal and external submissions heralds or precedence clerks. Titles associated with other duties, or titles that are assigned on an "as needed" basis may be protected on a case-by-case basis, but are not generally worthy of such protection.

The June 1999 precedent makes it clear that accepting transfer from a kingdom or from the Society of a heraldic title that has long been associated with another individual may be viewed as a claim to be that individual. This sort of presumption is rare, because it is rare that a particular kingdom or Society level heraldic title becomes uniquely associated with an individual. The matter of presumption concerning such titles must be considered on a case by case basis.

So, having established the general principle that personal ownership of certain heraldic titles can be considered a claim to status or to identity, we must consider whether transferring the title of Batonvert Herald to Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme would result in the appearance of presumption. We believe it does not. The title Batonvert is one of many generic titles born by members of the Laurel staff. It is the sort of title that can be assigned and reassigned based on whether or not a member of the Laurel staff is in need of a title. While it is generally used as a title for a commenting member of the Laurel staff, there is no particular job associated with the title. Therefore, it is not a claim to status. There have been at least three bearers of this title, one of whom was Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme. The title is not uniquely associated with any of the former bearers, and, given that Master Bruce was himself a bearer of this heraldic title, we can see no way to interpret his owning it as a claim to be someone else. Therefore, we are pleased to allow the transfer of the heraldic title Batonvert Herald to Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme to bear as a personal title to mark his long and continuing service to the College of Arms.

Society for Creative Anachronism. Reblazon and redesignation of badge for Office of the Chatelaine and Office of the Hospitaller. Vert, a key palewise wards to sinister base Or.

Registered October 1990 with the blazon Vert, a key palewise inverted and reversed Or, the CoA Glossary of Terms says that when a key is palewise, the placement of the wards (to chief or to base) must be specified. We have reblazoned this badge to describe the orientation of the key.

This badge was originally designated for the Order of the Golden Key.

LOCHAC

Alesone inghean Torcaill. Device. Per pall inverted argent, sable and purpure, in chief two horse's heads cabossed counterchanged and in base a sun in splendour Or.

Aliénor of Essewell. Name.

While none of the commenters were able to find the spelling Aliénor with a specific date in period, there is some reason to believe it is a legitimate period spelling. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Ellenor, state that the name is derived from "Provençal, Aliénor, a form of Helen, introduced into England by Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204)..." When Reaney and Wilson give an etymology for the name, we generally assume that this form is period, unless there are no other forms of the surname dated to period.

This name mixes English and Provençal; this is one step from period practice. A fully English form of this name of this name is Alienor of Essewell (without the accent). However, the submitter will not accept any changes so we are unable to register the fully English form.

Giles Leabrook. Blanket permission to conflict with name.

The submitter issued a blanket permission to conflict with his name that included exact conflicts. However, the Rules for Submission do not allow exact conflicts. We note that the Rules for Submission and Laurel precedent overrule such letters in these cases. Therefore, this clause is null and void because the rules do not allow it. However, we feel that as the rest of the letter is valid, the invalid clause is not sufficient reason to return it.

Griffin Westcastle. Device. Party of six per fess indented sable and argent, three griffins argent.

Roxana Greenlefe. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Roxana is the submitter's legal given name.

Torcail of Torlyon. Holding name and device. Per pale and per chevron argent and sable, two bull's heads cabossed and a sun in splendour counterchanged.

His name, Torcail MacLeòid, was returned in June, 2006.

MERIDIES

Anna z Karlových Varú. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Anna z Karlovy Vary, the locative is in the nominative form rather than the appropriate genitive form. It is also unclear whether Karlovy Vary is a period spelling for this placename. However, in this situation, we have very few examples of period Czech spellings at all, so this is not surprising. The submitter has shown that this is the modern Czech name for this place, and that it is a good translation of the period German name given to this place (Karlsbad, "Charles's Bath"). We are willing to give her the benefit of the doubt that this name is consistent with period forms. A websearch provides several examples of z Karlových Varú is an appropriate genitive form for this name. We have changed the name to Anna z Karlových Varú to correct the grammar.

Guaire mac Guaire. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Nice Old Irish name!

Jakub z Prahy. Device. Quarterly Or and sable, two bats Or within a bordure engrailed counterchanged.

Juliana Woderose. Name and device. Sable, a winged cat sejant guardant and on a chief engrailed argent three crescents pendant gules.

Please advise the submitter that there should be fewer and deeper engrailings.

Keina le Bleu. Name and device. Per chevron azure and checky Or and azure, a chevron and in chief a pair of wings argent.

Submitted as Keina le Blue, the submitter requested a name authentic for 13th C English. The cited source for the byname, Bardsley, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Blew, lists the byname le Bleu in the early 13th C. We have changed the name to Keina le Bleu to fulfill her request for an authentic 13th C English name.

Please advise the submitter that it would better to have azure checks against the chevron.

MIDDLE

Angelline Alavaine. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Angelline Alavine, the kingdom submitted a timely letter of correction requesting that this name be changed to the spelling on the submissions form, Angelline Alavaine. As this form also matches the documentation, we have made this change.

Caitrina inghean mhic Mhaolain. Name.

Earik MacSkellie. Name and device. Gyronny gules and Or, an escarbuncle and on a chief sable three bezants.

Fáelán mac Eógain meic Máel Dúin. Name and device. Per pale argent and azure, a double-headed phoenix and on a chief embattled three suns all counterchanged.

Gerard Alavaine. Name.

Greyhope, Shire of. Device change. Per bend sinister azure and argent, a comet bendwise sinister and a laurel wreath counterchanged.

Their previous device, Argent, on a lozenge within a laurel wreath azure, a greyhound salient argent, is released.

Helewyse de Birkestad. Device. Argent, a chevron gules between two cauldrons vert and an oak slip palewise leaved and fructed proper within a bordure gules.

Isabel Ximena Galiano de Valera. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Nuala inghean Diarmada. Name (see PENDS for device).

Tairdelbach ua Conaill. Device. Gules, a dolphin haurient Or within a bordure compony argent and sable.

Terryl inghean Aodhagáin. Device. Per bend sinister purpure and sable, a castle and a bordure embattled argent.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Der Thommain Breathnach, Per saltire purpure and vert, a tower within a bordure embattled argent. Please advise the submitter to make the embattlements deeper.

Þorkell inn vikverski Máks son. Name and device. Gules, three conies courant in annulo widdershins argent.

Submitted as Þorkell inn vikverski Maccusson, the submitter requested an authentic 10th C Scandinavian name. No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that spelling Maccus was ever used in Norse names. Fause Lozenge notes:

Unfortunately, I can find no information on the exact form(s) in which the Hiberno-Norse used the Old Irish name [Maccus], let alone how they used it in patronymics, and it wouldn't surprise me if the information simply didn't exist: it's quite possible that we have only Latin and Old Irish records of the name. I'm afraid that the submitter is very likely attempting the impossible here: I could only conjecture how to construct a 10th century Old Norse patronymic from <Maccus>, and then without very much confidence.

I did find one possible (if less than ideal) solution. E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden (Uppsala & Leipzig: 1905-1915, sup. Oslo, Uppsala and Kobenhavn: 1931), s.n. <Mákr>, notes a <Þorgils Máks son> ca.1000; his patronymic also appears as <Márs son> and, in another source, as <Mágsson> and <Magsson>, and Lind thinks that <Mákr> may be a side-form of the better-attested <Már>. He also notes its possible appearance in a Norwegian place-name.

Whatever its source, the genitive <Máks> is attested and is evidently more than a scribal error, and the change to <Máks son>, which basically just loses a syllable, does not strike me as a major change. I'd much prefer a better attested name, but this is the only one that I've found so far that is at all close in sound, and it even comes very close to the period that he specified last time -- early 10th century...

We have changed the name to Þorkell inn vikverski Máks son in order to register it and to partially fulfill his request for authenticity.

This device is clear of Eoin Cerd's device, Vert, three rabbits courant in annulo conjoined by the ears argent. There is a CD for changes to the field and another for the orientation of the rabbits. Þorkell's conies have their feet toward the center; Eoin's rabbits have their feet towards the edges of the shield (as implied by the conjoining of the ears).

William de Greyhope. Name and device. Bendy ermine and sable.

Nice device!

NORTHSHIELD

Áine Whyterose. Device. Per pale azure and gules, two roses slipped and leaved in chevron inverted argent.

Áine has permission to conflict with Katherine of Scarborough's device, Quarterly vert and argent, two roses argent.

Damiano Cioli da Linari. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Damiano Cioli del Castello di Linari, the submitter requested an authentic Italian name meaning "Damiano Cioli from the Castle of Linari". No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Italian bynames were formed using the formula del Castello + [locative]. Barring documentation for such a pattern, it is not registerable. However, the surname Linari is found in "Florentine Renaissance Resources: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532", edited by David Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield, and Anthony Molho. The website Linari Castle, (http://www.castellitoscani.com/linari.htm), says that Linari was a city-state in 1279. The expected preposition with a locative surname such as Linari is da "from". We have changed the name to Damiano Cioli_da Linari, a name meaning "Damiano Cioli from Linari" in order to register it and to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

Dreibrucken, Shire of. Branch name and device. Argent, a pale azure, in pale over all three single-arched bridges gules, in chief two laurel wreaths vert.

Submitted as Driebrucken, Shire of, the theme drie- is a misspelling of the German drei, "three." The spelling drei is found in the documentation and the name appears on the group petition as Dreibrucken. In addition, the kingdom submitted a timely letter of correction changing the submitted form to Dreibrucken. We have changed the name to Dreibrucken, Shire of, the desired and correct form.

Ilya Mstislavich. Device change. Azure, in pale a double headed eagle and on a saltire argent a trident's head sable.

The submitter's previous device, Azure, a foot couped within a bordure argent charged with three trident heads sable, is released.

Reyna Thorne. Name (see RETURNS for device).

OUTLANDS

Ambrose atte Redehulle. Device. Argent, three piles palewise azure, overall an elephant gules.

Ambrose atte Redehulle. Badge. (Fieldless) An elephant's head erased close gules.

The fact that the elephant's trunk is raised is an artistic detail.

Cassia bint Abdullah. Name (see PENDS for device).

Cú Roí hua Duibidir. Name and device. Per fess sable and vert, a wolf passant between three triquetras argent.

Submitted as Cú Roí Ó Duibhir, the submitter requested an authentic name. The given name is Middle Irish; we have found no examples of the name later than the early 12th C. While we have Early Modern Irish (1200-1700) spellings of this name, we have no evidence that it was still in use during a period where Early Modern Irish is appropriate. The patronymic is Early Modern Irish; the form O Duibhír is found in the Annals of the Four Masters in an entry for the year 1519. For an authentic name, therefore, we need to change the patronymic to its Middle Irish form. The Annals of Ulster, whose forms are largely Middle Irish, shows the spelling Duibidir, while the Annals of the Four Masters, whose forms are largely Early Modern Irish, shows an example of this name in use in 1093. We have changed the name to Cú Roí hua Duibidir, a fully Middle Irish form, to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

Gere Thorkelsson. Name.

Iira Kazimir Zarubezhanin. Name.

TRIMARIS

An Crosaire, Barony of. Order name Order of the Red Feather.

Asa Fairhair. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The byname Fairhair is a Lingua Anglica translation of the Old Norse byname hárfagr, "fairhair".

Gabriele Parr Pembroke. Device change. Azure mullety argent, a unicorn's head couped Or.

The submitter's previous device, Purpure semy of mullets argent, a unicorn's head couped Or, is retained as a badge.

There was some confusion as to whether this armory should be released or retained. The LoI stated that she wished to retain the armory as a badge but the forms said to release it. In general, the wishes stated on the form will supersede those listed in the LoI; however, in this case, we have received independent information indicating that the armory is to be retained. Since it is easier to release armory that is retained in error than to re-register released armory, we have elected to retain her prior armory as a badge. We ask submissions heralds to please make sure that the LoI and the submitted paperwork agree. If a submitter changes their mind, please indicate on the LoI why the LoI and the form disagree.

Oldenfeld, Barony of. Order name Order of the Golden Beacon of Oldenfeld (see RETURNS for badge).

Richard of Marcaster. Name change from holding name Richard of Trimaris.

Segdae hua Morda. Name.

Submitted as Segdae_ua Morda, the Dictionary of the Irish Language (the equivalent of the OED for Irish) gives the nominative singular of this Middle Irish Gaelic patronymic particle as hua; ua is Early Modern Irish. As the patronymic is a Middle Irish Gaelic name, the patronymic particle must also be Middle Irish. We have changed the name to Segdae hua Morda to correct the grammar.

Syban Khal. Name.

WEST

Cecilia Palazzolo. Name.

Dietrich Jorgen von Marksburg. Name and device. Vert ermined, a chevron between two crescents and a dragon argent.

Originally submitted as Dietrich Jorgan von Marksburg, the name was changed at kingdom to Dietrich Jürgen von Marksburg at kingdom because no documentation could be found for Jorgan. It is unclear why the form Jürgen was chosen, as no documentation for this form was provided on the LoI. Aryhanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from 1495" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/ german1495.html) shows the name Jorgen as both a given name and a surname. We have changed the name to Dietrich Jorgen von Marksburg in order to register it.

No documentation was provided for the the given name Jürgen; the name that was substituted by the kingdom. We remind submissions heralds that, if you change a name in kingdom, you must provide appropriately summarized documentation for the changed name. You must also justify the changes you make. Failure to do so may be cause for returning a name.

Elisheva bint Sitt al-Sirr. Name and device. Sable, two roses in pale and a gore Or.

Submitted as Elisheva_Sitt al-Sirr, as submitted this name consisted of a Hebrew given name and an Arabic given name. However, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Arabic given names were ever used alone as bynames in Hebrew names. We also have no evidence that unmarked patronymics or matronymics were used in Arabic names. To register this name, we must add an appropriate Arabic patronymic/matronymic marker. We have changed the name to Elishiva bint Sitt al-Sirr in order to register it.

The submitted requested an authentic Hebrew name. However, while the submitted byname is recorded as a name used by Jews in Egypt, it is not a Hebrew name. The submitted noted that if Elisheva Sitt al-Sirr was not registerable, she would accept a change to Elisheva bat Shoshana. We note that the College does not accept alternate submissions where the name is substantially different from the one submitted. However, if the submitter prefers this name, it is registerable.

Francesca Carletti. Device. Purpure, an estoile and a chief rayonny Or.

Julian of Redwood. Badge. Or, a crow volant wings addorsed sable maintaining in its beak a needle gules within a bordure sable.

Melanie of Canale. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, a pear within a bordure Or.

Melanie is the submitter's legal given name.

Philip the Gravedigger. Device. Sable, a death's head and on a chief embattled argent, three tankards sable.

Philip the Gravedigger. Badge. (Fieldless) On a tankard sable, a death's head argent.

Rosaline Hiver. Name change from Deredere the Naughty and device. Per fess sable estencelly argent and vert, a fess dancetty argent.

Submitted as Rosaline d'Hiver, in French names, the preposition de is only used with placenames and some patronymics. Dauzat, Dictionnaire Étymologique des Noms de Famille et Prénoms says that the etymology is confused and that it may be from the name Yver, a given name of Germanic origin, or from the name Winter. In either case, the spelling Hiver is not found as a given name or as a placename, so the preposition is not appropriate in this case. We have changed the name to Rosaline_Hiver in order to register it.

Her old name, Deredere the Naughty, is released.

Please advise the submitter to draw the roundels of the estencelly larger.

Þyri blundr. Name.

- Explicit littera accipendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Béibhinn Mackynnay. Device. Per bend engrailed argent and sable, a raven and a decrescent counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Elizabeth Greene, Per fess wavy vert and argent, a decrescent argent and a raven close sable. There is a CD for the changes to the field. However, as the arrangement of the charges is forced, that is the only CD.

Camy inghean mhic Cullaich of Cardoness. Name.

The name was withdrawn from consideration by the submitter.

ANSTEORRA

François de Lions. Device. Vert, on a bezant within an orle Or a fleur-de-lis sable.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Savina La Brune, Vert, on a bezant a frog vert, an orle Or. There is a single CD for changes to the tertiary charge.

Renault du Mont St-Michel. Name.

This name uses the scribal abbreviation St (for Saint). However, we do not register scribal abbreviations. We would register this name as Renault du Mont Saint-Michel, but the submitter will not accept any changes. Therefore, we are forced to return this name.

Susanne of Caldwell. Name.

This name conflicts with the registered name Susan of Coldwell, registered August 1986. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names s.n. Susan(nah), notes that "in the 18th C it became very common, Susan being more usual..." This marks Susan as a diminutive of Susanne. RfS V.1.a.i notes "Irrespective of differences in sound and appearance, a given name is not significantly different from any of its diminutives when they are used as given names." The bynames Coldwell and Caldwell differ by only a single vowel; they are nearly identical in sound and appearance.

Her armory was registered under the holding name Susanne of the Steppes.

AN TIR

Mathieu Thibaud Chaudeau de Montblanc. Device. Argent, a key palewise wards to dexter base sable.

This device is returned for conflict with Anne of Framlingham's badge, (Fieldless) A key palewise wards to dexter base sable, which is reblazoned elsewhere on the letter. As the keys are in the same orientation, there is only the CD for adding the field.

This device is clear of Alan of Warhaven's device, Argent, a hangman's noose issuant from chief azure, pendant therefrom a key sable, by RfS X.2 (Substantially Different Charges) as the key in Alan's device is the equivalent of a maintained charge.

ATENVELDT

Beatrice Fayrwether of York. Device. Per chevron azure mullety argent and gules, a chevron Or and in base a cockatoo displayed argent.

This is device is returned for redrawing under RfS VIII.3, Armorial Identifiability, as the cockatoo could not be identified as a cockatoo. This is also two steps from period practice: one for using a cockatoo, which is native to Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea and other South Pacific islands (therefore falling under the same strictures as other non-European fauna), and one for its being a bird displayed that's not an eagle. This is also grounds for return.

Faolán Boru. Name.

The byname Boru (in Gaelic, Bóroma) is, as far as we can determine, a unique byname. Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames: Bóroma" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Boroma.shtml), notes "This byname seems to be unique to Brían Bóroma, the high king who died at the battle of Clontarf in 1014." We have found no examples of Bóroma or Boru used as a byname in period that did not refer to this king. RfS IV.3 states, "In some cases a unique name, surname, or epithet is so closely related to an individual that its use alone can imply relationship to that individual." This is the case with the name Boru or Bóroma. Barring documentation of this name used as a byname by other individuals, it is not registerable.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Faolán of Atenveldt.

Richard Froggenhall. Device. Or, a fox's mask sable and a bordure embattled azure.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Conrad Stronghand, Or, a wolf's head caboshed sable maintaining a rose gules, barbed, seeded, slipped, and leaved proper. There is a CD for adding the bordure but nothing for removing the maintained rose.

Vicana de la Haye. Name and device. Argent, a gauntlet inverted aversant sable winged gules grasping a fleur-de-lys fesswise purpure, a bordure flory counter-flory gules.

This name is two steps from period practice. First, assuming the inscription from Roman Britain used to document this name was carved in 500 AD (which is just after the Roman period in Britain is typically said to have ended), there is a gap of nearly 800 years between the dates at which the byname is documented and when the given name might have occurred. In fact, it is likely that the inscription is older than this. Second, the mixture of the truly Roman name (albeit found in Britain) with an Anglo-Norman byname is highly unlikely. While Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, notes a trend towards fanciful Latin style names in 13th C England, few of these names are derived from the pool of attested Roman names.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability, which violates RfS VIII.3. Either inverting the gauntlet or making it aversant would hinder its identifiability; doing both makes it extremely difficult to identify the charge. Adding the wings and the fleur-de-lys pushes it over the edge and makes the collection as a whole unidentifiable.

ATLANTIA

Elizabet Sinclair of Rosslyn. Device. Sable, a mullet of eight points Or within a bordure argent mullety of eight points sable.

The submitter's name was returned on the June 2006 LoAR. As she did not allow the creation of a holding name, her device must be returned. Please advise the submitter that the bordure should have more mullets.

CAID

Etain ben O Crowly. Name.

The byname phrase ben O Crowly mixes Gaelic and Anglicized Gaelic in a single name phrase in violation of RfS III.1.a, which says "Each phrase must be grammatically correct according to the usage of a single language." Although the submitter suggested that ben or ban was a period Anglicization of the Gaelic bean "wife", no documentation was submitted and none supplied by the commenters to show this. In fact, ben is a Middle Gaelic spelling of the Early Modern Irish bean. While there are changes that would make this name registerable, such changes are all major changes which the submitter will not accept. We suggest that Etain O Crowly is a registerable, but not authentic, form of this name. This form mixes Gaelic and English, which is one step from period practice. Alternatively, the name could be registered in a fully Gaelic form: Etain bean Uí Chruadhloaich. Uí Chruadhloaich is an appropriate feminine form for this byname based on Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames s.n. Ó Cruadhloaich.

If the submitter is interested in a gray area pattern for a wife using her husband's surname, Rowel notes these patterns and examples from O'Donovan's Annals of the Four Masters:

Construction: [given name] [father's family name, dropping Mc or O], alias [husband's family name, dropping Mc or O]

Juan Cartie, alias Donovane (also listed as Juane Carthie, alias Donovane; her husband was Daniell O'Donovane)

Source: O'Donovan, vol 6, p. 2446, 14 Aug 1629, will of Mr. Daniell O'Donovane

Construction: [given name] [husband's family name, dropping Mc or O], alias [father's family name, dropping Mc or O]

Joaane Donovane, alias Goggan (her husband was Teige O'Donovane)

Source: O'Donovan, vol 6, p. 2446, 10 Feb 1639, will of Teige O'Donovane

Isabella Katherine de Grey. Device. Azure, a chevron rompu between two roses argent barbed and seeded proper and a fleur-de-lys argent.

This device is returned for conflict the device of Darius Cordell, Azure, a chevron rompu between three Bourchier knots palewise argent. There is a single CD for changing the type of secondary charges. On resubmission, please advise the submitter that the secondary charges should be drawn larger.

DRACHENWALD

Katharina von Awe. Device. Per fess vert and Or, three squirrels sejant erect counterchanged.

This device is returned for recoloring. It appears that highlighter or other non-standard marker was used to color the emblazon as the Or is lime green on the emblazon sent to Laurel. In addition, while this was blazoned on the form and the LoI as Per fess Or and vert; the field is actually Per fess vert and Or. The submission would have been pended for further conflict checking under the correct blazon, but the problem of the non-standard coloration makes the point moot.

EAST

Havre de Glace, Barony of. Badge. Per fess embattled azure and argent, a fleur-de-lys argent and a ford proper.

This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Catelin Parry the Patient, (Fieldless) A fleur-de-lys argent. In the case of Bernard ben Moshe ha-Kohane (LoAR of April 2003), a design with Per fess embattled Or and sable ... in base three bars wavy Or was held to be equivalent to Per fess embattled Or and barry wavy sable and Or.... The same could be said of this design; unlike the other submissions from the barony, this is the only one that combines a ford and a field divided per fess. By the above precedent, this badge is equivalent to Per fess embattled azure and barry wavy argent and azure, in chief a fleur-de-lys argent; and it thus conflicts with Catelin's badge. There's a single CD for fieldlessness; placement on the field doesn't count when comparing fielded armory to a fieldless badge.

Patrick McConville. Badge. (Fieldless) A spoon Or.

This badge is returned for visual conflict under RfS X.5 with Balin the Fairhaired's badge, Sable, an oar Or.

Pierre de Tours. Device. Azure, a cross of five mascles, a chief argent.

This device is returned for conflict with Talan of Skye, Purpure, a Bowen cross and a chief argent. There is a CD for changes to the field. However, that is the only CD as there is not a CD between a Bowen cross and a cross of five mascles.

Robert MacNeill. Name.

This name conflicts with that of the real-world person Robert MacNeil, host of the long-running PBS news show, the MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour. Most commenters noted that the name struck a modern note due to this association. Given that Robert MacNeil retired from the News Hour in 1995, the fact that the commenters still associated him so strongly with American news broadcasting suggests that his impact in this field was significant. Therefore, he is worthy of protection at this time.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Robert of Smoking Rocks.

Stuart MacDonald. Device. Or, on a fess between a Scottish bonnet azure and a lymphad sable, a terrier statant argent.

The submitter has attempted to address the problems of his previous submission, which was returned November 2004 for using a post-period Scottish bonnet (whose form was not supported by the documentation). This time the submitter has taken the bonnet from a drawing of Highland mercenaries in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), which is during our grey period. Unfortunately, the redrawing of the bonnet has introduced a new problem, lack of identifiability. No one, looking at the submission, was able to identify the charge as a Scottish bonnet, or indeed as a hat of any kind. Charges must be drawn in a manner that allows them to be identified, per RfS VII.7.a. It's quite possible that a Scottish bonnet cannot meet that requirement, no matter how it's drawn. If evidence is found that a Scottish bonnet was used a period heraldic charge, it would be registerable.

That said, there were other types of hat in period, similar in concept to the Scottish bonnet: simple circles of cloth, gathered at the edge to a ribbon hatband. Such hats would not carry the Highlander cachet, but if drawn recognizably as hats, and accompanied by period evidence, they would be acceptable charges.

Stuart MacDonald. Badge. (Fieldless) A Scottish bonnet azure.

The submitter has attempted to address the problems of his previous submission, which was returned November 2004 for using a post-period Scottish bonnet (whose form was not supported by the documentation). This time the submitter has taken the bonnet from a drawing of Highland mercenaries in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), which is during our grey period. Unfortunately, the redrawing of the bonnet has introduced a new problem, lack of identifiability. No one, looking at the submission, was able to identify the charge as a Scottish bonnet, or indeed as a hat of any kind. Charges must be drawn in a manner that allows them to be identified, per RfS VII.7.a. It's quite possible that a Scottish bonnet cannot meet that requirement, no matter how it's drawn. If evidence is found that a Scottish bonnet was used a period heraldic charge, it would be registerable.

That said, there were other types of hat in period, similar in concept to the Scottish bonnet: simple circles of cloth, gathered at the edge to a ribbon hatband. Such hats would not carry the Highlander cachet, but if drawn recognizably as hats, and accompanied by period evidence, they would be acceptable charges.

William de Drummyn. Name.

This name conflicts with the Scottish poet, William Drummond, who has his own article in Britannica Online. Drummond was born in 1585 and died in 1649. The Britannica article notes that he is the "first notable poet in Scotland to write deliberately in English." While we might not consider such an accomplishment a reason to protect a modern poet, it is sufficient for protection of a period poet.

GLEANN ABHANN

Niccolo Talenti. Device. Per pale sable and vert, three triangles one and two, on a chief indented Or a crescent sable.

This device is returned for redraw; the line of division has far too many shallow indents, creating a "pinking shears" effect. This has long been grounds for return. On resubmission, please advise the submitter to use about half as many indents, each about twice as deep. The chief should also be drawn somewhat wider.

Symon de Warwyck. Device. Per chevron vert and sable, a centaur rampant guardant, maintaining in the dexter hand a sword and in the sinister hand a lyre Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Aulay Leod, Gules, an ape-headed centaur salient Or maintaining a drawn bow and arrow sable. There is a CD for changes to the field but nothing for changes to the head or maintained charges. If not for the conflict, this would have been returned for lack of contrast - while maintained charges need not have good contrast, they must have some contrast. The Or lyre lies entirely on the Or centaur.

Symon de Warwyck. Badge. (Fieldless) A centaur rampant guardant, maintaining in the dexter hand a sword and in the sinister hand a lyre Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Aulay Leod, Gules, an ape-headed centaur salient Or maintaining a drawn bow and arrow sable. There is a CD for changes to the field but nothing for changes to the head or maintained charges. If not for the conflict, this would have been returned for lack of contrast - while maintained charges need not have good contrast, they must have some contrast. The Or lyre lies entirely on the Or centaur.

LAUREL

None.

LOCHAC

Roxana Greenlefe. Device. Azure estencelly Or, on a pile throughout argent a vine leaf vert.

This device is returned as no form was received by Laurel.

MERIDIES

Anna z Karlových Varú. Device. Argent, on a bend cotised azure two triangles voided and interlaced at the points Or, in sinister chief a stag springing proper.

This device is returned for redrawing; the stag is in a non-blazonable posture which is half way between passant and springing. Per RfS VII.7.b, it must be in a posture that can be reproducibly blazoned. Please have the submitter choose either passant or springing (salient), then draw the stag so that it's unmistakably in that posture.

Guaire mac Guaire. Device. Vert, a tree stump eradicated argent and a bordure compony sable and argent.

This device is returned as no form was received by Laurel.

Maya Kâl.i. Name.

This name is being returned for several problems. First, and most important, is whether there was substantial contact between Europeans and Tamil speaking people during the 9th C, the dates given for these names. We do not know of any, and neither the submitter nor the commenters provided support for such contact. While Indian names are registerable, it is still necessary to show that it is possible for the person who bears the name to have had contact with Europeans.

[Madhu Brahman] There are two problems with the name. First we would like to see some evidence of interaction between 3rd through 6th century India and Europe...[January, 2000]

Barring documentation of substantial contact between Europeans and Tamil speakers prior to the European Age of Exploration, Tamil names dated to before the 15th C are not registerable.

The second issue is presumption. While the use of god names in Tamil women's names is documented by the submitter, the use of two god names in a single name crosses the line into a name claiming power or divine descent.

MIDDLE

Isabel Ximena Galiano de Valera. Device. Argent, a hummingbird rising vert and on a chief embattled purpure a feather bendwise sinister argent between two "ink pots" Or.

This device is returned for lack of documentation. Blazoned as ink pots on the LoI, the defining instance of an ink-pot was a badge registered to the College of Boethius in February 1985. The submitted ink pot does not match the form found in the Pictorial Dictionary, q.v. ink bottle, which is the form of the ink pot in Boethius's armory. No documentation was provided that these are a period form of an ink pot. They aren't really cauldrons either, since cauldrons are (a) large-mouthed pots and (b) have handles. Since they have feet, they can't be ink bottles or inkhorns. A generic pot would be unlikely to take the submitted form. As we can not derive a blazon that would reproduce this emblazon, as required by RfS VII.7.b, and as the ink pot has not been documented it must be returned.

Rhiannon Amber ferch Morgan ap Maredudd. Badge. Per saltire purpure and argent, in pale two roses argent barbed and seeded proper, in fess two inkhorns sable each sustaining a feather bendwise gules.

This badge is returned for violating RfS VIII.1.a (Tincture and Charge Limit). This badge has three type of charges in the same charge group, what is commonly referred to as "slot-machine heraldry". A pen and inkhorn (ink bottle) is not a single charge.

There was some question as just what the gules charges were - some thought they were flames rather than quill pens or feathers. Also, the flowers do not resemble roses; please advise the submitter that an example of a heraldic rose can be found at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/primer/flora.html.

NORTHSHIELD

Damiano Cioli da Linari. Device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, in pale a chevron enhanced and a candle lit counterchanged.

This device is returned for violating RfS VIII.3, Armorial Identifiability. The disjointed manner in which the candle is drawn makes it impossible to identify the flame. The enhancement and counterchanging of the chevron also makes the chevron difficult to identify. The per bend sinister line of division is off by about 30º - it should be drawn at a steeper angle. Finally, the azure portion of the field was not completely colored - the portion in the sinister chief corner was left uncolored.

Reyna Thorne. Device. Gyronny arrondi sable and argent, a mullet of eight points counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Anna af Aarnimetsä, Gyronny sable and argent, a mullet counterchanged. There is a CD but not a substantial difference between a mullet (of five points) and a mullet of eight points. While in the past a CD has been granted for quarterly versus quarterly arrondi (q.v. Br{o,}ndólfr the Stout, 03/03, A-Middle), there is no difference between gyronny and gyronny arrondi (q.v. Ingvarr Halvarson, 07/05, R-Outlands). The 2003 ruling was not clear whether it applied only to quarterly arrondi or to all arrondi fields. At this time we are explicitly ruling that there is not a CD between gyronny and gyronny arrondi.

OUTLANDS

None.

TRIMARIS

Asa Fairhair. Device. Or, an arrow inverted sable issuant from a sprig of mistletoe vert, in chief a ducal coronet gules.

This device is returned as the mistletoe is not identifiable per RfS VIII.3, "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability." The mistletoe would have been difficult to identify, even as a stand-alone charge; when conjoined to the arrow, it becomes completely unrecognizable.

Oldenfeld, Barony of. Badge. Vert, a lighthouse enflamed argent within a bordure Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with Bran MacNaughton le Hammer's device, Per saltire sable and gules, a tower argent within a bordure Or. There is a CD for changes to the field. However, as noted on their previous return on the July 2005 LoAR, no difference is granted between a tower and a lighthouse.

The flame was blazoned as Or on the LoI, it is actually argent. As this is a minor detail that does not affect conflict checking, it is not grounds for return.

WEST

None.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE March 2006 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

ATLANTIA

Eleanor de Montfort of Atlantia. Device. Per bend argent and vert, in cross a roundel between four crescents, horns outwards, all counterchanged.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per bend argent and vert, a roundel between four crescents in cross, horns outwards, all counterchanged, the charges are co-primary. This is pended to allow checking as five co-primaries rather than a primary and four secondaries.

This was item 7 on the Atlantia letter of April 20, 2006.

DRACHENWALD

Erec von Rosenfels. Device. Per bend sinister vert and argent, a tower between three cinquefoils counterchanged.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per bend sinister argent and vert, a tower between three cinquefoils counterchanged, the device is actually Per bend sinister vert and argent, a tower between three cinquefoils counterchanged. This is pended to allow conflict checking under the correct tinctures.

This was item 3 on the Drachenwald letter of April 19, 2006.

EAST

Victor Ispan. Device. Azure, a raven sable perched atop a trimount vert and in chief two mullets argent.

The LoI noted that the documentation was available at a certain website but failed to summarize that documentation. It appears that while some commenters did view the documentation, notably those using OSCAR, most commenters did not. We are pending this to allow all members of the CoA a chance to review the documentation. We are taking this unusual step so that others who wish to claim a regional style exception under RfS VIII.6.b can see the type of documentation that is required.

Many commenters noted that this should be returned for lack of identifiability of the raven (due to poor contrast) and for violating RfS VIII.2.b - Contrast Requirements. While we sympathize with those commenters, this motif is being submitted under RfS VIII.6.b - Documented Exceptions - Regional Style. When supported by documentation, the regional style exception allows the registration of motifs that would otherwise violate our rules.

The following is documentation that Victor Ispan's device submission, Azure, a raven sable perched on a trimount vert and in chief two mullets argent, uses design elements and styles compatible with period Hungarian heraldry. Evidence is presented for the use of complex dark or sable charges on azure fields; for green trimounts, mounts, or bases with azure fields, some with dark or sable charges standing on them; for light-colored peripheral stars, often accompanying otherwise low-contrast designs; and for the use of all three design elements together (see plate L Kállay Vitéz, plate LXIX Hohenperger, and illustration 63 Hartha).

All of the documentation is from Nyulásziné Straub Éva's Öt évszázad címerei (Babits kiadó, Szekszárd, 1999). In this book, an archivist at the Hungarian National Archives collected almost all the authenticated Hungarian (i.e., issued by a Hungarian monarch) letters patent kept in the archives. ("Almost all" because if the emblazon was missing, it was not re-created, and arms awarded to non-Hungarians who never settled in Hungary were omitted.) Out of the over 1300 coats of arms presented, 283 come from letters dated before the 17th century. Of these, 77 are from the 15th century, and 206 are from the 16th.

The book begins with a set of color plates reproducing the original emblazons; 70 of these date from SCA period. The other 213 period coats appear in chronological order as black-and-white illustrations with heraldic hatchments. The book also gives a description (Hungarian doesn't do "Blazon") for each color plate; these are given below in English translation (with translator's notes in square brackets). For the illustrations, a blazon is attempted below, but please check the picture.

The pictures from this book can be found online, on the website of the National Archives at http://www.arcanum.hu/mol/ (look for "A Magyar Országos Levéltár címereslevelei" in the left-hand frame). The numbers given below are the plate or illustration numbers from the book, followed by the hexadecimal number (in parentheses) which can be plugged in at the end of the following URL to take you straight to a no-frames version of just the page in question.

http://www.arcanum.hu/mol/lpext.dll/mol_cimer/1/

(For example, http://www.arcanum.hu/mol/lpext.dll/mol_cimer/1/12 is Plate XIV, Paczali Peres.)

Black complex things on blue (17 examples):

-	Plate XIV (12), Paczali Peres, 1431: On a blue field growing from a red-lined gold crown a white-beaked black eagle- (falcon?-)head, with two naturalistic [i.e. proper] stag's antlers at [coming up from] the sides of the crown.

-	Plate XLVI (32), Kanizsai, 1519: On a blue field, on a floating gold eagle's claw a black eagle's wing, accompanied [in base] on the right by a silver halfmoon and on the left by an eight-armed gold star.

-	Plate L (36), Kállay Vitéz, 1521: On a blue field, on a green riverbank a right-facing naturalistic bear, with a gold chain around his neck, holding a gold ball in his mouth, accompanied [in chief] on the right by a silver halfmoon and on the left by a gold eight-armed star.

-	Plate LII (38), Szerdahelyi Imreffy, 1523: On a blue field a [gold with red, blue, and green jewels] crown on whose outer points stand two gold-crowned and -armed black eagles with wings up facing each other, holding aloft with their inside legs a [white] bone; in the center of the crown a [naturalistic, green] lily-stem with three gold flowers, accompanied on the right by a gold [many-armed] star and on the left by a silver halfmoon.

-	Plate LXIX (47), Hohenperger, 1589: (1st and 4th quarters): On a blue field a black chamois (mountain goat) facing inward standing on green ground, accompanied in the 1st quarter on the left, and in the 4th on the right [i.e., in outside chief] by a gold moon and star.

-	29 (83). Sándy, 1437. Azure, in fess a wing sable and a mullet above an orb Or.

-	32 (86). Hunyadi, 1453. (1st and 4th) Azure, a raven displayed contourny sable maintaining in its beak a ring Or.

-	58 (A0). Brauen, 1515. (2nd) Azure, a wing sable clawed Or between in base a decrescent and two mullets Or. (3rd, same thing mirrored.)

-	62 (A4). Kormossy, 1521. Azure, a bird, wings elevated sable, maintaining in its beak an oak wreath vert, standing atop a bare rock mount proper.

-	63 (A5). Hartha, 1521. Azure, a bird displayed sable maintaining in its beak a quill, atop a leafy treetrunk argent growing from a base vert, in chief two mullets argent.

-	64 (A6). Básthi, 1522. Azure, a bird's head sable collared argent, crowned, issuant from a crown Or.

-	75 (B1). Máramarosi Szigethy, 1545. Azure, a demi-griffin? per fess sable and gules issuant from a base Or, maintaining a Turk's head proper.

-	85 (BC). Budaházi Vitéz, 1552. Azure, a bear statant erect (standing on two legs) sable, crowned, maintaining a lily, in chief a decrescent argent and a mullet Or.

-	108 (D4). Barla, 1563. Azure, a demi-bear sable pierced by a sword argent, issuant from a mount vert.

-	135 (EF). Dannyani Thúry, 1578. Azure, a raven sable pierced by an arrow argent perched on a tree proper issuant from a crown Or.

-	168 (110). Békeffy, 1590. Azure, a raven sable maintaining in its beak a ring perched upon a trimount Or.

-	185 (121). Eördögh, 1595. Azure, an arm issuant from base wielding a sword (bend sinisterwise) argent, conjoined at the wrist to a sinister wing sable, in dexter chief a crescent and in sinister base a mullet Or.

Green trimounts on blue (11 examples):

-	Plate XIX (17), Sánkfalvi, 1455: On a blue field sitting atop a green trimount a left-facing naturalistic monkey holding a triple-twisted snake in his front paws.

-	Plate LXVIII (46), Kampmacher, 1588: (1st and 4th) On a blue field standing on a green trimount a left-facing, spread-winged naturalistic crane holding a sword perpendicularly with its right foot.

-	68 (AA). Lokachi Chavrack, 1524. Azure, a demi-horse being cut by a sword argent issuant from a trimount vert, in chief a mullet and an increscent Or.

-	113 (D9). Ghyczy, 1564. (Left half of a per pale.) Azure an arm vested gules issuant from a crown Or atop a trimount vert, holding aloft a sword impaling a Turk's head argent.

-	165 (10D). Kezy, 1588. Azure, a lion statant erect Or atop a trimount vert, piercing himself through the mouth with a sword argent.

-	169 (111). Magyari Ferenczy, 1590. Azure, an armored elbow issuant from clouds holding a sword, behind it three green-stemmed white flowers, in base a trimount vert.

-	173 (115). Iwchych, 1592. Azure, a griffin statant erect Or maintaining a Turk's head impaled on a sword argent, stadning on a trimount vert.

-	175 (117). Jánosdeák, 1592. Per pale Or and azure, two lions combattant counterchanged, in base a trimount vert.

-	177 (119). Medwiai Suskowyth, 1592. (1st and 4th.) Azure, a lion statant erect Or maintaining a lance palewise, standing atop a trimount vert.

-	188 (124). Huszár alias Czigány, 1596. (Bottom of a per fess.) Azure, three roses one and two gules, slipped and leaved argent, issuant from the center mount of a trimount vert.

-	198 (12E). Szoldán, 1598. Azure, a lion statant erect Or maintaining a roundel azure (yes, azure on azure!) standing atop a trimount vert.

Green bases or mounts on blue (25 examples in addition to those above): plates XXXVI Gersei Peth{o"} (28; more visible in the illustration at e5), XL Radák (2c), XLIX Bicskey (35), LVII Szentgyörgyvölgyi Bakács (3d), LXVI Keresztúri Szabó (44), LXVII Adorján (45); black-and-white drawing numbers 59 Balajthy (a1), 60 Hiezernicai Tarnovszky (a2), 66 Devecseri Csoron (a8), 73 Gávai (af), 100 Thopolyai Gjanchewyth (cc), 124 Ochay (e4), 129 Peleskef{o"}i Istóczy (e9), 134 Morál (ee), 140 Köcsei Rodvánczy (f4), 142 Nagyidai Bornemissza (f6), 144 Miskolci Szahary (f8), 148 Ary (fc), 149 Prodi Rácz (fd), 163 Zok (10b), 171 Dics{o"}szentmártoni Szabó (113), 182 Lugosi Ztanissa (11e), 183 Váradi Barcza (11f), 193 Radics (129), 197 Bántó (12d).

Light peripheral celestial objects (moons and/or stars) on blue, 15 examples in addition to those described above: plates XXXV Enyingi Török (27), LIII Cserneki Dessewffy (39), LIV Gimesi Forgách (3a), LXII Vízkelethy (40); black & whites 49 Bási (97), 53 Nádasdi Ercsi (9b), 69 Kolozsvári Zalczer (ab), 70 Krasznai Pándy (ac), 105 Rákói Rakovszky (d1), 127 Somogyi Koroknay (e7), 142 Nagyidai Bornemissza (f6), 147 Skerlecz (fb), 148 Ary (fc), 179 Tótdiósi Feinnecker (11b), 205 Kolozsvári Literatus (135).

This was item 44 on the East letter of April 24, 2006.

MIDDLE

Nuala inghean Diarmada. Device. Vert, two horses salient addorsed within an orle argent.

The LoI omitted the tincture of the orle; it is argent. This is pended to allow conflict checking with the correct tinctures.

This was item 9 on the Middle letter of April 25, 2006.

OUTLANDS

Cassia bint Abdullah. Device. Gules, in pale a lotus flower affronty and a chevron inverted argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as a chevron and in chief a lotus blossom, making the charges a primary and secondary charge, the charges are clearly co-primary. This is pended to allow conflict checking with co-primaries.

This was item 3 on the Outlands letter of April 27, 2006.

- Explicit -