THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR

Annaka Poznanska. Device. Quarterly argent and azure, in bend sinister two bees Or within a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Annys Bradwardyn. Device change. Argent, a cross bottony quarter-pierced sable.

Her previous device, Checky argent and azure, a cross bottony sable quarter-pierced argent, is released.

Mathieu Thibaud Chaudeau de Montblanc. Device. Argent, three keys palewise, wards to dexter base sable.

Nice armory.

Pernell Camber. Name and badge. (Fieldless) On an acorn argent an ermine spot sable.

Qoyor Singqortai. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Refr orðlokarr. Name.

Regina O'Duncan. Device. Argent masoned sable, a violet purpure slipped and leaved vert seeded Or within a bordure purpure.

Please advise the submitter to draw the bordure and the masoning wider.

The submitted device is clear of the device for Kalea of House Lavender Rose, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter as Ermine, a serpent coiled sable sustaining by its slip a rose purpure barbed seeded and slipped vert. There is a CD for changes to the field and another for removing the snake. Some people believed that there should be a CD for the orientation of the roses as the slip of Regina's rose is bendwise and that of Kalea's is bendwise sinister. However, while we might blazon the orientation of slipping and leaving, the latter is usually not worth difference at all (even in its addition or deletion, let alone its orientation). If a slip is so big that its orientation counts, then it's more properly blazoned a slip flowered, not a flower slipped.

Salia d'eschele. Name.

This name mixes Frankish given name and an early Anglo-Norman byname; this is one step from period practice.

Sidroc Hrólfsson. Name and device. Argent, two griffins combatant, that to dexter sable and that to sinister azure, on a bordure sable an orle of chain Or.

This name combines an Old English form of an Old Norse name and Old Norse; this is one step from period practice. If the submitter desires a fully Old Norse form of this name, we suggest Sigtryggr Hrólfsson. Sigtryggr appears as a given name in the "Titles" section of Lindorm Eriksson, "The Bynames of the Viking Age Runic Inscriptions" (www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/runicbynames/). If the submitter is interested in a fully Old English form for this name, we suggest Sidroc Rolfes sune. Metron Ariston notes, "Sawyer 1448a, an Old English document containing a list of sureties for the estates of Peterborough Abbey dating to 983 - 985 clearly shows the name of Þurferð Rolfes sune as one of the sureties. (You can find the full text online at www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+1448a.)"

The submitter is a knight and thus entitled to display an orle of chain.

Tessa Tazzi. Device. Per chevron Or and gules, two cups and issuant from base a demi-sun counterchanged.

ARTEMISIA

Abd al-Rahman de Javier. Device. Sable, a unicorn rampant Or within a bordure Or mullety sable.

Eva Wen verch Wiliam. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Eva wen verch Wiliam, name elements in Welsh names that are not patronymic particles or articles are typically capitalized. We have changed the name to Eva Wen verch Wiliam to match this convention.

All elements of the name were documented from Heather Rose Jones, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/welsh13.html). While wen was documented as a given name, it is also a byname meaning "fair, white". Harpy notes that, in the 13th C, the most likely interpretation of the name is as [given-name] + [descriptive byname} + [marked patronymic} rather than [given-name] + [unmarked metronymic] + [marked patronymic]:

...when you look for examples of names that mix unmarked and marked relationship bynames, my data doesn't find them showing up until the 15th century. (Before that you get all marked or not marked at all.) While I'm working primarily from Anglo-Latin and English sources here, I'd expect Welsh-language documents to lean even more strongly towards a lack of mixed usage in the earlier centuries.

Ieuan ab Einion. Name and device. Vert, a talbot dormant Or and a chief embattled argent.

Nice 13th C Welsh name!

Please advise the submitter to draw the embattlements larger and deeper. Also, while Wreath is well familiar with dogs who cross their front legs in the manner depicted, it is not a posture likely to be duplicated by a heraldic artist. This is a minor artistic detail that is neither blazonable nor cause for return.

Jaquette la Panetiere. Name.

Submitted as Jaquette le Panetier, the byname was documented as a literal occupational byname. In French, a literal occupational byname must match the gender of the given name. We have changed the name to Jaquette la Panetiere to correct the grammar.

The submitter notes that she believed that Panetier meant "baker to the king." In fact, it is just the standard French occupational term for a baker or pastry maker.

Katelin de Irlande. Name.

This does not conflict with the actress and model Kathy Ireland, as she is not important enough to protect. Despite a, no doubt, undying influence on the cover aesthetics of sporting periodicals, we cannot see her as important enough for her name to rate protection.

ATENVELDT

Angelina al-Jabaliyya. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Angeline de Jebal Tariq, no documentation was provided and none found for the spelling Angeline in period. The submitter included documentation showing a possibly modernized Angelina in Cordoba in the 15th C. We were this able to find this spelling in both early and late 16th C Spanish documents; the name <Angelina> is dated to 1594 and 1503 in CORDE. The 1594 citation is from Documentos de la casa Bocangelina (1562-1710); it is an attestation of baptism listing the parents "Paulo baba y Angelina bocangelina." The 1503 citation is from Don Fernando al receptor de bienes confiscados por herejía en Cataluña, ordenándole no ponga obstácu ... and notes an Angelina Saluada. Given these early 16th C citations we are willing to give her the benefit of the doubt that Angelina is also a reasonable 15th C Spanish spelling.

The byname is more problematic. First, it mixes the Latin or Spanish de with an Arabic placename in violation of RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. In addition, we have no evidence for nisba formed from compound placenames that use the full compound within the nisba. Palimpsest observes:

The byname <al-Jabaliyya> is exactly what I'd expect for a woman from <Jabal T.{a-}riq>. The byname <al-Jabal{i-}> is found in al-Andalus, as you note. With most compound placenames only one of the two elements is used in a locative byname; cases from al-Andalus include <al-Zahar{i-}> 'from Medina Azahara,' <al-Qas.r{i-}> 'from Qas.r Kut{a-}ma,' and <al-Ma`qil{i-}> 'from Nahr al-Ma`qil (in Basra, Iraq).'

So, <Angelline al-Jabaliyya> is also possible.

We have changed the name to Angelina al-Jabaliyya in order to register it. We note that Angelina de Gibraltar is also registerable.

Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Badge for the populace. Per fess azure and Or, a sun counterchanged.

Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Badge. Or, on a fess azure between two wolves passant counter-passant gules three fireballs Or.

Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Badge. Or, a saltire azure between in pale two phoenixes gules and in fess two fireballs sable enflamed gules.

Catyln O'Sullivan. Device. Per bend vert and argent, a sheaf of arrows inverted and a horse passant counterchanged.

A sheaf refers to an arrangement of three charges: two in saltire with the third palewise. A sheaf of arrows is generally tied but, as in this case, need not be.

Catyln O'Sullivan. Badge. (Fieldless) A horse passant vert charged with a sheaf of arrows inverted argent.

Dubhchobhlaigh inghean Eoin uí Ealaighthe. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Dubhchobhlaigh inghean Eoin O'hEalaighthe, the second patronymic combines the English particle O' with a Gaelic patronym in violation of RfS III.1.a, Linguistic Consistency. While the submitter noted that she would not accept major changes such as a change of language, she noted that she would accept the change of O' to an appropriate Gaelic form. We have changed the name to Dubhchobhlaigh inghean Eoin uí Ealuighthe in order to correct the grammar.

Dylan Bond MacLeod. Device. Or, five scarpes gules between two Hungerford knots sable.

A number of commenters stated that this central group of charges should be blazoned as a bend sinister bendy sinister gules and Or. While that is not an incorrect blazon, the submitted blazon is valid and is thus retained. While the commenters were correct that five scarpes would generally take up more of the shield, when between two secondary charges the scarpes are compressed (moved closer together), just as an ordinary is often drawn narrower when between charges.

Elizabeth Iames. Name and device. Azure, on a chevron inverted argent three dragonflies palewise gules, in chief a wolf passant argent.

Heile Kozak. Name and device. Or, a butterfly azure within an orle vert.

Julianna Wilkins. Device. Per chevron throughout argent and purpure, two trees eradicated proper and a bat-winged cat sejant argent maintaining a rapier proper.

Kalea of House Lavender Rose. Reblazon of device. Ermine, a serpent coiled sable sustaining by its slip a rose purpure barbed seeded and slipped vert.

Registered October 1987 with the blazon Ermine, a rose bendwise sinister purpure, barbed, seeded and slipped vert, its stem entwined by a serpent sable, all within a bordure purpure, the relative sizes of the rose and serpent were unclear from the blazon.

Mitsuhide Shinjir{o-}. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There was some question about the transliteration {o-} in Japanese names. Current precedent states:

Submitted as Kato Tatsuko, the family name is properly transcribed with a macron over the o. This is typically shown as either Katou or Kat{o-}. When possible, the College of Arms prefers to use transliterations that use Roman characters. We have changed the name to Katou Tatsuko in order to register it. [Katou Tatsuko. November 2007]

We note that ou and {o-} are equally valid transliterations; if one is used consistently in a name, there is no reason to change it to the other. However, when an invalid transliteration is used, or a name mixes the two transliterations, the transliteration without the macron is preferred.

Nakas Sandor. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable crusilly patonce Or and azure, two legless dragons erect respectant, tails entwined and four wolf's teeth issuant from sinister argent.

Submitted as Sándór A Makacs, as submitted the name had four problems.

First, no documentation was submitted and none found showing that the word Makacs, meaning "stubborn, like a mule," is found in period. The submitted documentation showed the word from a modern Hungarian-English dictionary, but this shows modern usage. Barring documentation that Makacs is a word found in period, this name element is not registerable. Eastern Crown notes:

For "stubborn", there's <nyakas>, which is literally "with neck, necky". It can also mean "strong, well-muscled", according to Kazmer. He has 26 period cites, between 1330 and 1573. Spellings: <Nyakas> 14, <Nakas> 6, <N{y:}akas> 2, <Niakas> 2, <Nokos> 1.

Second, no evidence was provided that an article such as A was used in period in Hungarian descriptive bynames.

Third, the word order of the name is incorrect. Hungarian names in period are recorded in two forms: Latin forms, and Hungarian forms. In Latin forms, the word order is given + byname. In such names, the given name is always a Latin form, although the byname may be a Hungarian form. In Hungarian forms, the word order is always byname + given. In such cases Hungarian forms are used for both elements. Because the given name Sándór is a Hungarian form, the order of names in this submission is incorrect.

Finally, use of diacritical marks in Hungarian is post-period.

Given all of these things, we have changed the name to Nakas Sandor in order to register it.

While wolf's teeth have been returned for not reaching the center line of the shield, in this case three of the four do cross the center line, and the topmost is just shy of the line of division, therefore this depiction is acceptable.

Raven Mayne and Tvoislava Michelovna. Joint badge. Per pall inverted gules, sable and argent, in pale a decrescent argent and a gout de sang.

Reynier de Vriere. Name and device. Vert, a chief-pale ermine.

The chief-pale (or chéf-pal) is a Continental charge, which is usually treated as an ordinary (Woodward 120). It is found as early as 1415, in the Concilium zu Constenz, fo. clxxxi, and described in de Bara's Blason des Armoiries, 1581, p. 37. In both cases it's drawn as a chief and a pale, conjoined but with no seam where the charges meet. Certainly by the end of our period, it was considered a single charge, and we will do so as well. There is a CD between a pale and a chief-pale, and a substantial (X.2) difference between a chief-pale and any other ordinary.

If a device combines a chief and a pale of different tinctures (e.g., Azure, a pale Or and a chief argent), or with different complex lines (Azure, a pale engrailed and a chief argent), then it will not be considered a chief-pale. Like the chief, the chief-pale cannot be voided, fimbriated, or cotised. It can be charged with tertiaries, but (as the example in de Bara shows) the tertiaries must cover the entire charge, both the horizontal and vertical portions. Within those guidelines, we welcome further registrations of the charge.

We note that several prior registrations of a pale and chief exist. We are not reblazoning them at this time; however, if the owners wish them blazoned as chief-pales we will be happy to do so.

Willehalm Greywolf. Name and device. Argent, in bend a talbot's head erased contourny sable and a talbot's head erased gules, a bordure embattled per bend sinister gules and sable.

Submitted as Willahelm Greywolf, the spelling Willahelm was documented from Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names. Withycombe is not reliable documentation for non-English forms. A document dated to 1309 in Monasterium (www.monasterium.net) notes "ich herr Willehalm von Staina ritter und min sun Willehalm" (I, herr Wilhelm von Steinach and my son Wilhelm) The original source is Chartularium Sangallense V, Nr. 2714, S. 160 (Reg. ep. Const. II, S. 469, n53. - Thurg. UB VII, S. 842, Nachtrag 43 (beide nach B)). We have changed the name to Willehalm Greywolf in order to register it.

This name mixes German and English; this is one step from period practice.

Blazoned on the LoI as dog's heads, the primary charges are identifiably talbot's heads. As there is currently a discussion on whether or not a CD will be granted between a wolf's head and various dog's heads, we have elected to explicitly blazon the type of head.

ATLANTIA

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Azure Dragon Herald to Eldred Ælfwald.

Barbara of Bonei. Name change from Amber Roriksdatter.

The submitter's alternate name, Barbara of Bonei, registered in September 2004, is now her primary name. Her old name, Amber Roriksdatter is retained as an alternate name.

Bran ap Phelip. Name.

Nice 13th C Welsh name!

Cáelán Cócaire. Name.

Eldred Ælfwald. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Azure Dragon Herald from Atlantia, Kingdom of.

Jaufres de Carcassona. Name and device. Or, a chevron between three winged bulls rampant azure.

Rónán mac an Stalcair. Badge. (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo gules.

This badge matches the depiction of the similar badge, (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo argent, registered to Bran Trefonin in January 2003; however, it does not match the other badges mentioned on the LoI, blazoned like Bran's but emblazoned quite differently. Nonetheless, unlike the similar badges submitted on the same LoI, the birds are identifiable in this tincture and we are therefore registering the badge.

Victoria Pringle. Badge. (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo purpure.

This badge matches the depiction of the similar badge, (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo argent, registered to Bran Trefonin in January 2003; however, it does not match the other badges mentioned on the LoI, blazoned like Bran's but emblazoned quite differently. Nonetheless, unlike the similar badges submitted on the same LoI, the birds are identifiable in this tincture and we are therefore registering the badge.

CAID

Alexandra Raven. Name.

Originally submitted as Alexa Raven, the name was changed at kingdom to Alexandra Raven because there was no documentation for Alexa. The submitter indicated she would not accept major changes, but allowed the change of Alexa to Alexandra. Albion notes the Latinized Swiss name Alexia from her article "14th-15th C Given Names in Latin from Switzerland" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/swiss/villeneuve.html). Changing to this form would be a change of language; a change which the submitter will not allow. However, if she wishes to register Alexia Raven, we note that the name is registerable although a step from period practice for mixing Latinized German and English.

Colyn mac Labhrain. Name and device. Per chevron inverted azure and sable, in base a stag courant Or.

Submitted as Colyn mac Labhruinn, the patronym Labhruinn was documented as a Gaelic spelling from Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MacLaren. Unless Black gives a date or specifies that the name is a Middle Gaelic (MG) form, the Gaelic forms in his entries are explicitly modern. The same entry has a Middle Gaelic form dated to 1467, Labhran; the expected genitive form would be Labhrain. We have changed to name to Colyn mac Labhrain in order to register it.

Dragon Georg'ev syn Rudak. Name.

Submitted as Dragon Georglev syn rudak, the first patronymic, Georglev, appears to be formed from a misinterpretation of this line from the Grammar section of Paul Goldschmidt's Dictionary of Russian Names: "Vasilii fathers Vasil'ev, Iakov fathers Iakovlev, Iev fathers Ievlev." Note that Vasilii is a name ending in ii while the other two examples end in ov and ev. As Georgii is also a name that ends in ii, its patronymic form would be created like Vasilii. Hence, Georgii fathers Georg'ev, not Georglev. In addition, the second patronymic needs to have the first letter capitalized. We have changed the name to Dragon Georg'ev syn Rudak to correct the grammar and conform with normal capitalization conventions.

Éadaoin inghen Mhuircheartaigh. Name.

Submitted as Éadaoin inghen Muircheartaigh, Early Modern Irish grammar requires that the M in the patronym be lenited when used in a feminine name. We have changed the name to Éadaoin inghen Mhuircheartaigh to correct the grammar.

Elizabeth le Grace. Name.

Submitted as Elizabeth de Grace, the byname was documented as a descriptive name meaning either "fat" or "pleasing". No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest it was used as a placename. Per the submitter's wishes, we have changed the name to Elizabeth le Grace in order to register it.

Gemma Evangelista Borgia. Name and device. Purpure, a bend sable fimbriated between a stag springing and an arrow bendwise argent.

Evangelista is the submitter's legal middle name. When evoking the legal name allowance, middle names are evaluated by type. Evangelista is a given name by type (although a masculine given name) -- Evangelista Deuchino was a Venetian printer in the years 1606 - 1624 according to the Medici Archives site (documents.medici.net). We do not require submitters to show that their middle name is of the appropriate sex, just of the appropriate type. Therefore, this name is registerable.

Gregory Lucan. Name.

There was some question whether this name was registerable, as the byname was documented as an Old English given name (possibly in the genitive case); by precedent, unmarked patronymics in Old English are not registerable. Luckily, the byname Lucan is registerable as a Middle English unmarked patronymic derived from a literary name. Lucan is mentioned several times as a Knight of the Round Table and as the brother of Sir Bedever in the Morte de Arthur, Malory, where he plays a reasonably important part in some of the stories. He is also so named in the poem Gawain and the Green Knight. As such, Lucan is registerable as a literary name from Arthurian legend.

Irmgard von Einbeck. Device change. Per pale purpure and argent, two seeblätter and an ankh counterchanged.

Her previous device, Argent chapé ployé sable, three seeblätter azure, is released.

Karin of Dun Or. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, in pale a crescent and a cat passant sable between flaunches vert.

Submitted under the name Muiriath ingean Sheain.

Pierre de Dieppe. Name.

Sechequr Qara. Name change from Tairdelbach M'Cleri (see RETURNS for device change).

His old name, Tairdelbach M'Cleri, is retained as an alternate name.

Vitasha Ivanova doch'. Name change from Aleksandra Ivanovna Molotova.

Her old name, Aleksandra Ivanovna Molotova, is released.

CALONTIR

Crystal Mynes, Shire of. Badge. Argent, on a lozenge purpure a pickaxe argent.

The submitters have permission to conflict with the badge of George Emerson True, Argent, on a lozenge palewise throughout purpure, a winged lion rampant guardant to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, argent.

Mairgreg ingen Chailtigirn. Device. Per chevron engrailed argent and purpure, two feathers and a mermaid counterchanged.

Wolfram Ericson. Release of name and device. Per bend argent and sable, a raven and a wolf's head erased close counterchanged.

DRACHENWALD

Caoimhghin MacAindriú. Device. Azure, three spears in pall inverted points to center within a bordure argent.

Please advise the submitter that the bordure should be drawn wider. While the spear points are a reasonable size for the depiction of a real spear, they should be drawn larger for a heraldic spear: this will improve the recognizability of the spears.

Freydis Orkneyska. Device. Per pale sable and Or, a pegasus segreant counterchanged.

Nice armory.

Ulf Knutsson. Name.

Nice 15th C Danish name!

EALDORMERE

Celeste d'Arles. Name.

Edward of the Flaming Skies. Name and device. Per chevron rayonny Or and vert, three ragged staves counterchanged.

Submitted as Edward of_Flaming Skies, the byname was documented from a registered branch name. However, the registered form of the branch name is Flaming Skies, Shire of the, and precedent says:

Names of SCA branches are only automatically registerable in locative bynames in the forms in which the branch name was registered. [Ainnir of the Hidden Mountain, LoAR 09/2003]

We have changed to the name Edward of the Flaming Skies in order to register it.

Godfrey McKnight. Name and device. Sable, on a chevron argent three oak trees eradicated proper, in base a tower Or.

McKnight is his legal surname. By precedent from the September 2007 cover letter, Mc and M' are scribal abbreviations of Mac which need to be expanded for purposes of registration. However, elements registered via the legal name allowance are exempt from this requirement.

There was some question whether the byname McKnight was presumptuous. It is not, as this precedent indicates:

Dorothea M'Queyn. Name. The question was raised whether the use of the surname MacQueen or its variants in an SCA name is presumptous. This precedent is directly relevent to this question:

[Registering Mark FitzRoy.] RfS VI.1. states that "Names documented to have been used in period may be used, even if they were derived from titles, provided there is no suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank." FitzRoy meets that criteria. RfS VI.3. states that "Names that unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected person or literary character will generally not be registered." There is no implication of "identity with or close relationship to" any protected individual or character as used here. Consequently, the surname here is not considered pretentious. [6/94, p.8]

In this case, the surname may be interpreted by English speakers as "son of the Queen", but that is because it is a phonetic rendering. The name in Gaelic is Mac Shuibhne, whose written form carries no hint of presumption." [LoAR 06/2004]

MacKnight is a variant form of MacNaught, which is mac Neachtain in Gaelic. This form clearly carries no hint of presumption.

John Moran. Name and device. Gules, a wyvern erect wings displayed argent and a bordure argent crusilly couped sable.

The crosses on the bordure are tilted, with the bottommost one set saltirewise. Black Stag noted:

In at least some times and places, it's standard for charges on a bordure to 'tilt along' with the shield shape. Godinho's Livro da Nobreza is a perfect example. The arms of Pimentes on f.XV have crosses couped on a bordure and they are pretty much oriented as the ones here - except for the one at the very base of the shield, it's palewise not saltirewise, but the others are pretty tilted.

This is characteristic of the charged bordures in the entire book. For example, looking at the "gules semy of castles/towers triple towered Or" bordure of the arms of Portugal itself, v. VI verso shows the arms of Portugal and the basemost is palewise but the ones in the dexter and sinister base flanks are tilted. More tellingly perhaps are the arms where Portugal is shown in a different shape than standard shield shape. In f.VIII verso, we have the arms of Portugal as the sinister half of the princess' impaled arms, on a lozenge shape. The bordure goes all the way around the sinister half, so there is a palewise part along the palar line (where the buildings are all palewise), a bendwise part along the sinister chief of the escutcheon (where the buildings are all bendwise) and a bendwise sinister part along the sinister base of the escutcheon (where the buildings are all bendwise sinister.) At the fess point of the shield it so happens that the tower is bendwise sinister (following the line of the ones 'coming up from the bottom.') On f.IX there are the arms of Marques which are quartered, with the arms of Portugal in 1 and 4. In the rectangular quarter 1, all the towers are palewise. But in quarter 4, the towers along the curved part of the shield edge are various angles of bendwise sinister (following the bordure.)

For those interested, the list of period rolls at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/periodrolls.html says "Livro da Nobreza e Perfeicam das Armas is a Portuguese roll from the first half of the 16th C, including over 300 coats of arms. It includes a color reproduction of the roll with explanatory text in English and Portuguese. Livro da Nobreza e Perfeicam das Armas, Introduction, notes etc. by Martim de Albuquerque and Joao Paulo de Abreu e Lima, Acadamia Portuguesa da Historia, Lisbon 1987."

Tristan le Falcon. Name.

Submitted as Tristan Le Falcon, no documentation was provided and none found by the commenters for the capitalized article. We have changed the name to Tristan le Falcon to match the documented bynames in Reaney & Wilson s.n. Bird (le Brid(d) 1235), s.n. Hawk (le Hauek 1296), s.n. Goose (le Gos 1277), and s.n. Cock (le Cock 1271).

Xristina Viacheslavivna. Device change (see RETURNS for name change). Azure crusilly Or, a swan naiant to sinister wings addorsed argent.

Her previous device, Azure, a swan naiant contourny, wings addorsed argent, between flaunches Or, in cross four water-lilies in profile counterchanged, is released.

EAST

Beyond the Mountain, Barony. Order name Order of the Defenders of the White Oak.

Brinwen the Fair. Name and device. Quarterly sable and argent, four acorns counterchanged.

Submitted as Brenwen the Fair, the given name was proposed as a hypothetical Old English name constructed from the themes Bren- and -wen. However, the only documentation provided for Bren- was a cross-reference to Beorn- in Searle. The commenters were unable to find any examples of Beorn- being spelled Bren- in Old English. However, Tengvik p. 151 cites Godmani Brinsigesone to 1066 from OE Beornsige. The submitter indicated that she would accept the form Brynwen if Brenwen was not registerable, and that she cares most about sound. The one example of Beorn- being spelled Brin- does not support it also being spelled Bryn-, but Brinwen is pronounced similarly to Brynwen. We have changed the name to Brinwen the Fair to match the available documentation in order to give the submitter a name as close to her desired sound as we can.

The byname, the Fair, is a Lingua Anglica translation of the Old English byname fæger.

Nice armory.

Freydis Thorsteinsdottir. Name and device. Gules, a tree Or semy of pommes.

This does not conflict with Freydis Thorunnsdatter (registered July 1989) as Thorunns- and Thorsteins- are significantly different in both sound and spelling.

Jost von Aichstadt. Device. Lozengy bendwise argent and azure, on a chief gules three seeblätter Or.

Katerinka Lvovicha. Name and device. Per chevron azure and vert, a chevron argent and in base a lion dormant Or.

Nice early 16th-century Russian name!

Melanie de la Tour. Name and device. Per chevron gules and argent, two dogs couchant respectant argent and a tower sable.

Submitted as Mélanie de la Tour, the submitter requested that the accent be dropped if possible. As the use of accents was not uniform in French even by the end of our period, we have dropped it in accordance with her wishes.

GLEANN ABHANN

Amata Quentin Motzhart. Badge. Checky argent and sable, a bird rising, wings displayed, and a bordure gules.

Blazoned on the LoI as a dove volant, the bird lacks the crest of a heraldic dove and had therefore been reblazoned as a generic bird. As the underwings of the bird are seen, not the top of the wings, it has been reblazoned as rising, wings displayed. Please advise the submitter to draw the bird's head so that it does not overlie the wing.

Aurelia dei Medici. Name.

Bethan Bacon. Name and device. Argent, a serpent's head erased to sinister, a bordure wavy gules.

Submitted as Elizabeth Anne Bacon, the LoI noted that the submitter originally wanted the name Bethany Bacon, but no documentation could be found for Bethany. The commenters provided a number of names which are closer to Bethany than Elizabeth Anne, including the masculine name Bethan, dated to 1303 in Black Surnames of Scotland s.n. Bethan. At the request of the submitter, we are registering this name as Bethan Bacon.

Bran Finn hua Néill. Name and device. Per pale vert and sable, a raven between three crescents argent.

Listed on the LoI as Bran Fínán Uí Néill, the name was originally submitted Bran Fínán Ó Néill but no mention of this was made on the LoI. Submissions heralds, we remind you that if you change a name in kingdom you must give the originally submitted form and your reason for making the change. Failure to do so can result in a name being pended or returned.

As submitted, the name was not registerable because the only documentation provided for Fínán showed it as a given name, and double given names are not registerable in Gaelic. The submitter indicated that he was most interested in the meaning 'fair raven of the Clan Néill'. The correct Old and Middle Irish byname meaning 'fair' is Finn, which is found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Masculine Descriptive Bynames" with examples between 747 and 1161.

Additionally, the byname Uí Néill is not correct; Uí is the genitive of Ó, and following a given name in the nominative case, the nominative form of the clan particle needs to be used. The Middle Irish form of Ó is hua. At the request of the submitter, we are changing the name to Bran Finn hua Néill to correct the grammar. This name means 'Bran the fair of the Ó Néill clan'.

Edric of Seleone. Name.

Seleone is the name of an SCA branch, registered August 2000.

Jakob Gempel von Essen. Name.

Submitted as Jakob Gempl von Essen, the byname Gempl was documented from Bahlow/Gentry p. 155. However, no date was provided for the form Gempl, and none of the dated forms had the ending -pl. Brechenmacher s.n. Gemp(el) has Hans Gempel dated to 1393. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed the name to Jakob Gempel von Essen to match the available documentation in order to register it.

Katrín in hárfagra. Device. Argent, two chevronels couched from dexter vert, in sinister chief an acorn proper.

Barring evidence of couched chevrons sharing a field with other charges in period heraldry, this design motif is a step from period practice.

Marsilla la Despensere. Device. Per chevron gules and argent, two dogwood blossoms argent seeded vert and a Latin cross gules, a bordure vert.

Sarah MacGregor. Device. Gules semy of four-leaved clovers slipped, on a pale cotised argent a tankard sable.

LOCHAC

Clemens Gascoigne. Device. Per fess rayonny gules and Or, a lizard tergiant counterchanged.

Gilli feilan. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy vert and azure, two wolves sejant ululant argent.

Submitted as Gilli Feilan, the documentation showed the byname as feilan. Additionally, per precedent Old Norse bynames which are not based on proper nouns or adjectives must be registered in the lower case:

Submitted as R{o,}gnvaldr Sax, descriptive bynames in old Norse are transcribed in all lowercase (see the October 2002 Cover Letter for details). We have changed this name to R{o,}gnvaldr sax. [R{o,}gnvaldr sax, LoAR 08/2004, West-A]

We have changed the name to Gilli feilan to match the documentation and conform to current precedent.

The ululant position is a step from period practice. Please advise the submitter to draw the wavy line of division with deeper waves.

Isabella de Bordeaux. Device change. Per bend Or and sable, a sun in splendour vert and a bunch of grapes slipped and leaved Or.

Her previous device, Per bend Or and sable, a grape leaf bendwise inverted vert and a bunch of grapes Or, is released.

Johanna Kitching. Name and device. Per saltire azure and argent, two butterflies argent and two ivy leaves vert.

Robyn atte May. Name correction from Robin atte May.

Her previous name, Robin atte May, is hereby released.

Torcaill mac Léoid mhic Íomhair. Name change from holding name Torcail of Torlyon.

Submitted as Torcaill macLéoid mhic Íomhair, we have added the required space between mac and the patronym.

The submitter requested an authentic 13th-15th C Scottish Gaelic Name. While we do not have examples of all three elements in this period in Scottish Gaelic, this is more likely a reflection of the dearth of sources for medieval Scottish Gaelic names, and not an indicator that this name is inauthentic. However, lacking evidence that all parts of the name were used in his desired period, we cannot confirm its authenticity.

Wenefrith Everett de Calabria. Device. Azure, a bear passant guardant argent and in chief a comet fesswise Or.

MERIDIES

Adam Mac Aleyn. Name.

Cuhelyn Cam vap Morcant. Badge change. (Fieldless) A boar statant contourny argent, winged Or, armed and crined gules.

His previous badge, (Fieldless) A bull rampant guardant sable armed horned and ringed argent, is released.

Eoghan Mac Cailein. Name.

TRIMARIS

Aíbinn ingen Artáin. Badge. Vert, on a roundel per pale Or and azure, a fleur-de-lis counterchanged.

Angelline la chaeniere de Murat. Device. Gyronny Or and sable, a phoenix gules between eight roundels in annulo alternately sable and Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the roundels larger.

Asceline MacTiernane. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Aislinn Mactiernan_, this name had one step from period practice for using an SCA-compatible name, Aislinn, and another for combining Gaelic and Anglicized Gaelic in the same name. Since the submitter allowed all changes and cares most about sound, we have substituted the English feminine given name Asceline, dated to 1255 as a matronymic byname in Reaney & Wilson s.n. Aslin.

The byname Mactiernan was documented from Black, Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Tiernan, but that source gives no indication that Mactiernan is anything but a modern form. Woulfe, Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. mac Tighearnán has two Anglicized spellings dating from temp. Elizabeth I - James I, M'Tiernane and M'Ternane. Per precedent from the September 2007 cover letter, these are scribal abbreviations for MacTiernane and MacTernane, respectively. Though combining English and Anglicized Gaelic in the same name is a step from period practice, both of these forms are, so far as we can tell, consistent with the Anglicized Gaelic forms found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormond (Ireland 14th Century)". This information is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that there is no second step from period practice for temporal disparity. We have changed the name to Asceline MacTiernane to match the documentation and to remove the second step from period practice.

Diderick van dem Mere. Name and device. Per pale sable and azure, on a lozenge argent a tree proper.

Submitted as Dietrich van der Mere, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th-14th C German and cared most about sound. The byname van der Mere was documented from Bahlow, A Dictionary of German Names, s.n. Meer. However, the form that occurs there is van der Meer, and it is undated. Aryanhwy merch Catmael "Low German Names from Hamburg, 1475-1529" has the Low German bynames van dem Mere 1483, van deme Mere 1480, 1481, and van dem Meer 1484, 1492. The given name Dietrich is a High German form. Names which combine High and Low German are a step from period practice (cf. Heinrich Thies, November 2007 LoAR). An authentic name would be either wholly Low German or High German. We have not found any High German examples of the byname, but we have found Low German examples of the given name; Aryanhwy merch Catmael, op. cit. dates Diderick to 1480, 1481, 1483, and 1493; this is the closest-sounding Low German form that we could find. (Other possibilities include Diderike 1485, 1493, 1494, Dirck 1508, and Dirick 1482 in the same article.) We have changed the name to Diderick van dem Mere to partially meet his authenticity request.

The device does not conflict with the arms of O'Connor Don (important non-SCA arms), Argent, a tree eradicated vert. As ruled last month (v. Caitilín inghean Fheichín): "While a lozenge throughout must always be checked as a vêtu field, a lozenge need only be compared to a vêtu field (not to all fields)."

Please advise the submitter to draw the sides of the lozenge parallel.

Donatello da Napoli. Name and device. Sable, on a bend between two skulls argent three pheons palewise gules.

Elisabeth von Leiptzig. Name and device. Argent semy of acorns purpure, three oak trees fructed proper.

Submitted as Elisabeth von Leipzig, the only documentation provided for the byname was a dictionary article noting that the city of Leipzig was granted municipal status in 1170. As dictionary and encyclopedia articles generally use standard modern forms of names, this is insufficient documentation because it does not demonstrate that Leipzig is a period name for the city. The commenters were able to provide a number of period forms of the city's name, including Leiptiz in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Place Names from a 16th C Czech Register"; Leyptzig in Siebmacher and in Blaeu's 1645 map of Saxony; and Leibzigk on a map of the city dated to 1572 (http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/germany/leipzig/maps/braun_hogenberg_I_28_2.html). These spellings support the extrapolated form Leiptzig, which differs from the submitted form by one letter. We have changed to the name Elisabeth von Leiptzig in order to register it.

Genevieve Mullet de Troies. Name and device. Gules, a chevron cotised between three compass stars argent.

Submitted as Genevieve de Mullet Trois, the byname was documented as following the pattern of bynames based on inn-signs. However, no evidence was provided either that Mullet Trois is a plausible inn-sign name in French, or, more importantly, that bynames based on inn-signs were used in French. Lacking such evidence, bynames based on inn-signs are not registerable in French. In order to register the name we have changed it to Genevieve_Mullet de Troies, which best retains the sound of the submitted name. The byname Mullet appears in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names Found in Commercial Documents from Bordeaux, 1470-1520", and the byname de Troies in Hercule Geraud's edition of the 1292 census of Paris.

Hannah bat Isaac de Toledo. Device. Purpure, a compass rose and on a chief argent an ivy vine vert.

Hannah bat Isaac de Toledo. Badge. Purpure, on a bend sinister cotised argent an ivy vine vert.

A possible conflict with the device of Cifran o Ir Glyn, Azure, on a bend sinister cotised argent two ivy leaves conjoined at the stems proper between two estoiles of four straight greater and four wavy lesser points sable, was cited. There is a CD for changes to the field. The conflict depends on whether or not a CD can be obtained from the changes to the tertiary charges. The Rules for Submission, section X.4.j.i says "Generally such changes must affect the whole group of charges to be considered visually significant, since the size of these elements and their visual impact are considerably diminished. For example, Sable, two mullets and a fleam argent and on a chief Or three mullets gules would not have a clear difference from Sable, two mullets and a fleam argent and on a chief Or a mullet between two lozenges vert." As there is a CD between an ivy vine and two ivy leaves conjoined at the stems, there is a significant change in type of tertiary charges. The change in tincture of the tertiary charge group does not contribute to the difference as it does not effect the whole group - the ivy leaves are vert in both pieces of armory. However, an ivy vine is a single charge, no matter what number of leaves it may have. Therefore, since both the type and number of tertiary charges has changed, there is a CD for those changes.

Hruodland of Starhaven. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Argent, two wolf's heads erased respectant and on a tower sable a Latin cross bottony argent all within a bordure embattled sable.

On the January 2007 LoAR, the device for Matillis atte Hethe, Argent, three bendlets purpure and overall a tower azure, which had originally been blazoned as Argent, three bendlets purpure on a tower overall azure a Latin cross pometty argent, was pended as "the cross appears to be a standard arrow slit and not worth a CD." In this case the cross is clearly a tertiary charge, in fact it is nearly throughout. Thus, this submission is clear of the device for Víga-Þorfinnr inn svarti, Argent, in pale two axes in saltire and a wolf's head caboshed, a bordure embattled sable. There is a CD for changing the type of primary charges and another for adding the tertiary charge.

Maria de Andaluzia. Name and device. Or, two horses salient addorsed and in base a mullet of eight points sable, all within a bordure pean.

Submitted as Maria de Andalucía, the only documentation provided for the byname was from Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedias are not acceptable as sole sources of documentation because, unless they explicitly say otherwise, they generally uniformize and modernize their name forms. The entry for Andalucia in the Encyclopedia Britannica shows that the place existed in our period but tells us nothing about how the name was spelled. The submitter indicated that if the name had to be changed, she cared most about 12th century Spanish culture. Siren notes that the CORDE has the form Andaluzia starting in 1270. We have change the name to Maria de Andaluzia in order to match the available documentation.

Please advise the submitter to draw the horses further apart, so that it is clear that they are not conjoined.

Maria de Andaluzia. Badge. (Fieldless) Two horses salient addorsed conjoined sable.

Owen MacPherson. Device. Per bend sinister sable and azure, a wolf rampant and in chief three increscents argent.

Richard Clitherow. Name change from Richard of Marcaster.

His previous name, Richard of Marcaster, is retained as an alternate name.

The addition of the \C\ sound in Clitherow makes this sufficiently different from his legal name per AH III.A.9, which says that "A small change in the name is sufficient for registration, such as the addition of a syllable or a spelling change that changes the pronunciation."

Roland Merritt de Carr. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Roland Merrit_ de Carr, the byname Merrit was documented via the legal name allowance. However, his proof of legal name shows the surname spelled Merritt. We have changed the name to Roland Merritt de Carr to match the documentation.

Seanach of Trimaris. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Azure, two wolf's heads erased addorsed conjoined at the neck argent and a chief dovetailed ermine.

Submitted under the name Seanach Mac Lochlainn.

Takamatsu Tadayoshi. Name change from holding name Tadayoshi of the Ruins.

WEST

Clare de Norwude. Name and device. Azure, a bear passant argent between three mullets Or, a bordure argent.

For the 14th century (which is when the given name is dated), the spelling -wode is more typical than -wude, but the Middle English Dictionary has a few examples of -wude in the 14th century.

Clare de Norwude. Badge. (Fieldless) On a bear passant azure a mullet argent.

Étaín ingen Chellaig. Name and device. Per pale gules and azure, a lion rampant argent and in chief three chains bendwise sinister Or.

The submitter requested an authentic 12th C Irish name. This is a fine name for that place and culture.

Genevieve Elizabeth of Roseberry Topping. Name.

The byname was documented as a constructed spelling on the basis of this precedent:

Kateryn of Roseberry Topping. Roseberry Topping is the modern name of a hill that was recorded as Othenesberg in 1119, so there was some question as to whether the modern name is period; since topping in the sense of 'a hilltop' is Middle English, it seems likely that the name had assumed something like its present form by 1601. (In any case, Roseberry is a possible late-period reflex of a hypothetical Old Norse hross(a)-berg 'horse hill', so the place-name is at worst constructible.) [LoAR 09/1995]

Watts, Cambridge Dictionary of English Place Names, s.n. Roseberry Topping dates the form Rosebery Topping to 1610. As both -berry and -bery are common in Middle and Modern English place names, the submitted spelling is unremarkable.

Jocelyn of Rowenwood. Name.

Submitted as Jocelyn of Rowanwood, the byname was submitted as a constructed place name but no documentation was provided and none found to support the spelling Rowan-. We have changed the name to Jocelyn of Rowenwood, a constructed place name based on Rowenham 1269 in Watts, Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, s.n. Rownhams, from OE ruh 'rough', and Byrdwood 1532 in Watts s.n. Birdwood. Smith, English Place Name Elements, s.v. ruh shows this word combined with various deuterothemes including leah, making a combination with a Middle English form of the deuterotheme wudu plausible.

Muriel von Schrecken. Name change from Muriel NicCord.

The byname von Schrecken is grandfathered to her; she is the wife of Leon von Schrecken.

Her previous name, Muriel NicCord, is retained as an alternate name.

Susan Wilks. Name and device. Azure, a ship sailing to sinister and on a chief Or two bunches of grapes azure.

Blazoned on the LoI as a galleon, Green Anchor noted "I could go on at length about the distinguishing characteristics of a galleon, but the short version is that the only one shared by this vessel is that they both (usually) have three masts. The hull is wrong, the castles are wrong, and the sails are wrong." While the ship in this emblazon is not clearly a galley, a lymphad, or a particular type of ship, it is a ship. Given the wide variation of ships found in period heraldry, and the fact that ship emblazons (even for the same arms) changed over time, we have elected to simply blazon it as a ship. There is no difference granted between specific types of ships due to their mutable nature, nor between a generic ship and any given depiction of a ship.

Ulrich von dem Walde. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, two dragons and on a chief Or a lion couchant sable.

This does not conflict with either Ulbrecht vom Walde (registered April 2003) or Eric von Wald (registered November 1989). The bynames are equivalent in all three cases, but the given names are all spelled significantly differently and their differences in sound are also significant. In the case of Ulrich vs. Ulbrecht, the addition of the two hard consonants in the second syllable is sufficient for significant aural difference. In the case of Ulrich vs. Eric, the change in vowel in the first, stressed syllable is a significant aural difference.

Volker von dem Walde. Badge. (Fieldless) Two tilting lances in saltire surmounted by a rose slipped and leaved argent.

As identifiability is maintained, the amount of overlap between the rose and the tilting lances, despite all being argent, is acceptable.

Zinaida Or"shinaia. Device. Azure ermined argent, a female sagittary rampant regardant and drawing her bow to sinister within a bordure engrailed Or.

- Explicit littera accipiendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

AN TIR

Qoyor Singqortai. Device. Gules, two falcons close addorsed regardant argent.

This device is returned for a redraw of the birds. As emblazoned, the falcons are in trian aspect. In addition, they are drawn so large that they appear to be walking up the side of the shield; on resubmission they should be drawn smaller. Either problem may have been sufficient grounds for return; the combined problems are definitely sufficient grounds for return.

Rauðkinn eyverska Starradottir. Name.

This name consists of three bynames and no given name in violation of RfS III.2.a, which says "A personal name must contain a given name and at least one byname." The name Rauðkinn was documented as a descriptive byname. The submitter provided some examples of Old Norse names found both as descriptive bynames and given names. However, we do not believe these examples are sufficient to support Rauðkinn as a given name. Metron Ariston explains:

The problem, as I see it, is that, while some Old Norse names do appear both as given names and as bynames, the evidence that the given names are derived from the meaningful bynames rather than constructed from a pool of dithematic components does not seem to have been established. Given that certain components appear to have gone into the name pool in Germanic languages fairly early on, many of them no longer should be interpreted as having intelligible meaning in Old Norse just as in Gothic or Old English. Was someone who bore the name Álfgeirr really thought of as "Elf Spear" or Rauðúlfr as "Red Wolf"? I suspect not. What is really needed is some evidence that both parts of the constructed name were used as elements in the given name pool in Old Norse. With the "red" part of the name, there is no problem since one can point to several instances from Geirr Bassi alone both as a stand-alone element (Rauðr)and as the first element in a dithematic name (Rauðbj{o,}rn, Rauðúlfr). However, I have been able to find no instances where kinn or any clearly cognate form is used in the Norse given name pool (or in any of the equivalent Germanic languages either at this point). As a result I would not consider this a reasonable given name construction. (Incidentally, while I find the runic lexicon used so heavily in the submitter's documentation to be an invaluable resource, I also tend to use it very carefully both because so many of the forms are readings filled in on the basis of known lexical forms to make sense of broken inscriptions and because so many of the inscriptions are highly structured memorials whose conventions are not nearly as well determined at this point as, for instance, those of Greek grave stelae or Latin curse tablets upon which we can rely for less well-attested name forms in those languages.

As we know of no Old Norse name similar in sound and appearance to Rauðkinn, we are unable to replace it with a registerable name. Therefore, we are forced to return this name.

ARTEMISIA

Drachenfeld, Shire of. Branch name and device. Per fess argent and vert, a dragon rampant gules and a laurel wreath Or.

This is an aural conflict with Drachenwald, Kingdom of. The f --> v and a --> e sound change in an unstressed syllable is not enough to clear these. We note that these would be registerable with a letter of permission to conflict.

We note that when a group attempted to register Drachenfeld in November 1996, they had a letter of permission to conflict with Drachenwald. The commentary on that LoAR noted that this letter was necessary to clear the conflict.

Because we do not form holding names for groups, we are forced to return the device.

Eva Wen verch Wiliam. Device. Per chevron throughout vert and argent, six escarbuncles and a mascle knot counterchanged.

This device is returned for redraw of the escarbuncles. As submitted, the escarbuncles are so small that they are hard to identify. This is due to their non-space-filling placement on the upper parts of the field, which forces them to be drawn too small. In addition, this emblazon of an escarbuncle amounts to thin-line heraldry, which is in itself sufficient grounds for return. On resubmission we recommend that the escarbuncles be repositioned (e.g., if drawn two and one and drawn to fill the space) or that they be depicted as a true semy of charges.

The precedent disallowing mascle knots (Madigan of Kandahar, R-Outlands, 03/1996) is hereby overturned. While it is true that the charge was not known in period (and in fact appears to be an SCA invention), it doesn't seem that incompatible with period charges: for example, see the angular Bowen knots in the arms of ap Owain, 1530 (Oxford Guide to Heraldry, p. 149). Based on those charges, the mascle knot is just one step from period practice, and hence registerable.

Yamashiro Nagamitsu. Name.

No forms were received with this submission. The Administrative Handbook, section IV.C, notes "No submission, including any resubmission, appeal, change or release of a protected item, etc., shall be considered for registration until a complete set of paperwork is provided to the appropriate heraldic officer."

ATENVELDT

Angelina al-Jabaliyya. Device. Argent, a chevron throughout gules between two crosses moline and a horse salient contourny azure.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Sabina de Mordone, Argent, a chevron gules between two lions and a Catherine wheel azure. There is one CD for changing the type of secondary charges, but none between a chevron and a chevron throughout.

Dubhchobhlaigh inghean Eoin uí Ealaighthe. Device. Vert, a fleece and two filled drop spindles one and two argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Helva of Saxony, Vert, a full drop-spindle argent; there is a single CD for changing the number of charges. The blazon on the LoI, Vert, a fleece and in base two filled drop spindles in fess argent, suggests a really big fleece and two spindles shoved into base. In point of fact, the fleece barely fills the space above the per fess line, and the spindles are about as large as they can be in the space remaining, making this three co-primary charges. Her previous submission really did have a primary and two secondary charges.

Fergus MacInnes. Device. Sable, eight oars conjoined at their handles and fanned to base, in chief a cannon barrel reversed Or, all within a bordure argent.

This device is returned as the primary charge group cannot be blazoned in a way that would allow the emblazon to be recreated. This problem is mostly due to the arrangement of the oars, which follows no period heraldic pattern that we know. If this design is resubmitted, it should use fewer oars and the oars should be arranged in a standard heraldic motif.

Katheline van Weye and Ryan Dollas. Joint badge. (Fieldless) A windmill vert, sailed purpure, issuant from an earthen mount proper.

This is returned as there is no defined proper tincture for dirt; dirt can vary significantly in color from red to brown to white. The ground beneath a windmill, like that of a beacon, is an optional detail worth no difference. However, a windmill actually issuant from a mount or a trimount would be a CD from a windmill.

We grant a CD for changing the tincture of a windmill's sails, therefore the sails must be drawn such that they are half the charge. The sails on this windmill are too small, which is also grounds for return.

Mitsuhide Shinjir{o-}. Device. Gules, on a fess wavy sable fimbriated five roundels in annulo argent.

This device is returned for a redraw. As has previously been ruled with overly wide fesses:

[Argent, on a fess urdy vert between three roses gules seeded argent barbed vert and a dolphin naiant contourny argent] This is returned for redraw. The "fess" is drawn so wide that it blurs the distinction between what heraldic custom dictates (a fess) and what the eye sees (a chief and a base). If the submitter wishes this basic design, it should be emblazoned such that the center portion of the shield is clearly a charged fess and not a dolphin between a charged chief and charged base. [Pierre de Montereau, 04/2006]

Similarly, if the submitter wishes this basic design, it should be emblazoned such that the center portion of the shield is clearly a charged fess and not a group of roundels between a fimbriated chief and fimbriated base (which would not be allowed as peripheral ordinaries cannot be fimbriated).

ATLANTIA

Anne Marie de Lucy. Badge. (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo ermine.

This badge is returned for a redraw as the birds, in this tincture and posture combination, are not identifiable. This matches the depiction of the similar badge, (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo argent, registered to Bran Trefonin in January 2003; however, it does not match the other badges mentioned on the LoI, blazoned like Bran's but emblazoned quite differently. Drawn in the same manner as the badges registered to Isolde Corby and Robert of Sacred Stone, the birds are likely - but not guaranteed - to be identifiable in this tincture.

Halfdan bekkjarbrjótr. Device. Per saltire sable and vert, a stag's head cabossed argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Aengus mac Coll, Vert, a stag's head cabossed argent, orbed and attired of flames proper, resting on its head a chalice Or. There is a CD for changes to the field but nothing for removing the maintained chalice. As previously ruled (v. Richenza von Augsburg, 03/2003), there is not a CD for changing the tincture of the attires, which are less than half the tincture of the stag's head.

Margaret Wolseley. Device. Azure, on a chief embattled Or three roundels vert.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Sabine de Kerbriant, Azure, on a chief indented Or three pommes. There is a CD for changing the line of division of the chief, but that is the only difference.

Muriel of Aberdeen. Badge. (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo counterermine.

This badge is returned for a redraw as the birds, in this tincture and posture combination, are not identifiable. This matches the depiction of the similar badge, (Fieldless) Three birds close conjoined in annulo argent, registered to Bran Trefonin in January 2003; however, it does not match the other badges mentioned on the LoI, blazoned like Bran's but emblazoned quite differently. Drawn in the same manner as the badges registered to Isolde Corby and Robert of Sacred Stone, the birds are likely - but not guaranteed - to be identifiable in this tincture.

CAID

Amos the Pious. Device. Per chevron gules and sable, three Latin crosses crosslet one and two and a chalice Or.

This device is returned for multiple reasons.

The first reason is for a redraw as the line of division is drawn incorrectly: the top of the per chevron line barely reaches the per fess line at the middle of the shield. A per chevron field should be equally divided of the two tinctures.

The second reason is for conflict with the device of Antonio Francesco Bernini, Per chevron dovetailed gules and sable, three crosses bottony one and two, and a lion rampant guardant Or. There is a CD for changes to the field (the line of division). There is no difference between the type of crosses. Precedent, upheld as recently as June 2007 (v. Medb ingen ui Mael Anfaid), grants a CD for changes to charges on one side of a line of division even if they are not numerically half the charges. However, to get that difference, two changes must be made to the charges in question. As only the type of the bottommost charge has changed, there is no CD for changes to the primary charge group and the submitted device conflict's with Antonio's device.

The combination of this surname and group of charges is not excessive religious symbolism.

Haraldr hlátr drengr. Name and device. Argent goutty de sang, a mountain vert.

The byname of this name is not properly formed. The submitter intended a byname meaning "the laughing man". No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest Old Norse formed descriptive bynames of the form [noun describing action] + "man". Palimpsest explains and offers an alternative term with the desired meaning:

Is there evidence of bynames formed using a structure like <laughter-man>? I sure haven't seen any. Without that evidence, I don't see how a byname using <X-drengr> in any form can be registered.

On the other hand, Zoega (as cited above), gives an adjectival word <hlátr-mildr> "prone to laughter." It's in Cleasby-Vigfusson as well. It seems to have affected Middle English, as the Middle English Dictionary cites a word <unlaughtermilde> (no really) 'sober, not prone to laughter' derived from it.

We would change the name to that form, but the submitter will not accept major changes. We are, therefore, forced to return the name.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge for Caelin on Andrede, Argent goutty de sang. The mountain, despite its size, is considered a peripheral charge. Thus, there is but one CD for adding the peripheral charge.

This depiction of a mountain, which crosses the center line, is sufficient reason for return. Precedent states:

As noted in the LoAR of September 1993, p. 10, "mountains, as variants of mounts, should be emblazoned to occupy no more than the lower portion of the field". As in the emblazon here the mountain is sufficiently high so as to immediately be thought of as a per chevron field by most of the commenters and everyone at the Laurel meeting, there are multiple conflicts with "[Field], a rose Or". This needs at the very least to be redrawn so it is identifiable as a mountain rather than a field division. [Tara of Montrose, 04/94]

Muiriath ingean Sheain. Name.

No documentation was provided, and none could be found, that the feminine given name Muiriath was used outside of legend. Lacking evidence that it was used by humans in period, it is not registerable.

Unfortunately, we have no similar sounding names to suggest. We do suggest that, if the submitter wishes to use the byname inghean Sheain, that she choose a name found after 1200. Sean is a Norman import, and so we would suggest a name contemporary with the Normans in Ireland.

Her device was registered under the holding name Karin of Dun Or.

Sechequr Qara. Device change. Per bend argent and sable, a yale rampant Or spotted maintaining a sword gules.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge for Elizabeth Braidwood, (Fieldless), A yale rampant Or. There is a CD for adding the field but nothing for adding the maintained sword. As noted in precedent, the spots of a yale count for naught; this precedent has been upheld as recently as October 2007 (v. Vukasin of Tirnewydd).

CALONTIR

None.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EALDORMERE

Xristina Viaceslavova. Name change from Xristina Viacheslavivna.

This name is being returned for using two different transcription systems in the patronym. Precedent requires that a consistent transcription be used when transliterating names from non-Roman alphabets:

Submitted as Vizlaw Ivanovitch Nevsky, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 13th C Russian. As submitted, this name mixed transliteration systems, which has previously been cause for return...Using the name elements cited above as a guideline for the submitter's desired time period, we have changed this name to use a consistent transliteration system in order to register this name. [Voislav Ivanovitch Nevskii, 10/2002, A-Atenveldt]

The examples of the patronym in Paul Wickenden "A Dictionary of Period Russian Names" s.n. Viacheslav show that either Viacheslavova or Vjaceslavova is a consistent transliteration of the byname. We would change the name to one of these forms, but the submitter allows no changes.

The spelling of the given name is grandfathered to the submitter. In resubmitting we encourage the submitter to consider using the transliteration Khristina, which would bring the entire name into the same transliteration system.

EAST

Corwin Silvertongue. Household name White Wolfe Tavern.

This name is being returned for conflict and for obtrusive modernity.

First, the name conflicts with the Order of the White Wolf (April 1982 to the Barony of the North Woods). The designators are transparent for purposes of conflict, and the difference in sound and spelling between Wolfe and Wolf are insignificant.

This is also being returned for obtrusive modernity. Precedent from June 2005 discusses an analogous submission:

Northshield, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Rede Boke Herawde. Two issues were raised with this submission: whether this is a conflict with the trad[e]marked name of Redbook magazine and whether the name is an intrusively modern reference to that magazine. The Rules for Submission are silent about whether we protect trademarked names, and the Admin handbook says only "[Trademarked] names may be protected when covered by applicable laws and regulations in the country from which the material derives." Thus, while a Society publication titled Red Book could be argued to be a violation of trademark, it is highly doubtful that it's use as a heraldic title can be so viewed. Therefore, the matter hinges on whether the name is obtrusively modern. While most commenters noted the allusion, most noted that they had not found it obtrusively modern. We find that we agree with these commenters in this matter. Therefore, this title is registerable.

In the current case, the majority of the commenters said their first thought was of White Wolf Publishers, publishers of the World of Darkness role-playing games and novels, and that they found the name obtrusively modern. While the name does not infringe upon the trademarked name of the publishers, we must return it for its reference to modern culture. (We note that this was not an issue in the registration of the order name, since the publishing company had not yet come to its current prominence in 1982.)

Were it not for the problem of obtrusive modernity, this order name would be registerable with a letter of permission to conflict from the Barony of the North Woods. While White Wolf and White Wolfe are equivalent descriptive elements as defined in RfS V.2.a, they are not identical (they differ in both spelling and pronunciation), and conflicting but identical names are registerable with permission to conflict.

We would also like to inform the submitter that on the basis of new research, a variant on his previously submitted household name, Whitloup Tavern, returned in May 2007, would be registerable. French lou or louve, forms of loup 'wolf', was adopted into Middle English as love (cf. Reaney & Wilson s.nn. Love, Low). Whitlove Tavern would not have the lingual combination problems that Whitloup Tavern had.

GLEANN ABHANN

Johannes von Greiffenburg. Device. Sable, a griffin segreant argent, a bordure gyronny of sixteen argent and gules, semy-de-lys counterchanged.

This device is returned for using a bordure gyronny of sixteen. It has been ruled (v. Edborough Kellie, also Anastasia da Carrara, both in the LoAR of April 2007) that "Barring similar [i.e. period] evidence for charges divided gyronny of sixteen, they remain unregisterable." We note that a bordure compony, which would be divided at right angles to the line of the bordure, would be registerable (barring conflict or other problems).

Lorccán na Túaithe. Device. Vert, a raven "fesswise" between three triquetras one and two Or.

This device is returned for a redraw of the raven: its posture is not blazonable such that a competent heraldic artist could recreate the emblazon. We note that this particular posture is found in period armory but only if the bird is trussing, i.e., tearing flesh from its prey which it holds in its feet. We are unaware of any heraldic term for this posture when the bird is not actually trussing.

LOCHAC

None.

MERIDIES

Kynwric Gwent. Device. Argent crusilly clechy sable, a fox rampant proper sustaining a pole axe bendwise sinister sable.

This device is returned for lack of contrast: the tail of a fox proper has a white tip, which is argent on argent.

TRIMARIS

Asceline MacTiernane. Device. Purpure, between five roses two, one and two Or, three unicorns passant, the one in base contourny argent.

This device is returned for multiple conflicts. It conflicts with the device of Micheline Elphinstone, Azure, six roses, two, two and two, Or, with a single CD for changing the tincture of the field. No difference is granted between six and eight charges, nor is there a CD for the arrangement of the charges. As less than half the charges have changed type or tincture, these changes are not worth a CD. The submitted device also conflicts with the badge of Colin Tyndall de ffrayser, Quarterly sable and gules, all semy of fraises Or by the same CD count.

The confusion generated by this emblazon - whether there was a single group of primary charges or a group of primary charges and a group of secondary charges - may have been sufficient grounds in and of itself for return.

The blazon on the LoI failed to note that the unicorns are argent. A color emblazon was included and sufficient commenters noted the correct tincture that this need not be pended for further conflict checking.

Krotis Horak. Name and device. Gules, a crow contourny sable, three wolf's teeth issuant from dexter argent.

The name is returned for construction problems and lack of documentation for both the given name and the byname. The LoI cited Krotis from Paul Wickenden, "Dictionary of Russian Names", s.n. Krotis, dated 1560, but what is actually dated to 1560 is the byname Krotyss. As such, this name lacks a given name and violates RfS III.2.a. The most similar given name that the commenters is found is Krot, dated to 1552 in the same source s.n. Krot.

The byname was documented as an undated header spelling in Bahlow. For undated header forms in Bahlow to be registerable, it must be demonstrated that they are consistent with period spellings. No such evidence was provided on the LoI, and none found by the commenters. Barring such evidence, Horak is not registerable.

This device is returned for violating RfS VIII.2.b, which requires good contrast between the field and the charges placed on the field. In this case, the sable crow lacks contrast with the gules field. We note that the combination Gules, a charge sable has been registered under RfS VIII.6 - Documented Exceptions. An example of the documentation for regional style exception can be found at on the August 2006 Letter of Pends and Discussions (item 5, Victor Ispan), which is documenting a Hungarian-style device. A request for an exception under this section of the rules will need to show examples of a gules field with a sable animate charge (preferably a bird) and wolf's teeth in a contrasting tincture (argent or Or).

Petra Malusclava l'africana. Name and device. Per pale gules and azure, a pale dancetty between in bend a Gorgon's head cabossed and a dragon's jambe erased inverted sustaining a bone fesswise argent.

The only documentation provided for the second byname was a citation from a modern Italian/English dictionary. As this provides no evidence that l'africana is a correctly formed pre-1600 byname, this is not sufficient documentation. Loyall notes that the late 15th-/early 16th-century Arab writer Leo Africanus was called by an Italian editor Giovanni Leone Africano. This would be sufficient to register the byname Africana, but as Siren notes, "bynames derived from adjectival locative forms usually don't take an article." We would change the name to Petra Malusclava Africana in order to register it, but the submitter does not allow major changes such as dropping the definite article.

This device is returned for violating RfS VIII.1.a (often referred to as "slot-machine heraldry") as there are three types of charges - the Gorgon's head, the dragon's jambe, and the bone - in the secondary charge group.

In addition, there are other problems with the emblazon that may have been sufficient grounds for return. The field should be colored between the snakes that make up the Gorgon's hair, which was not done in the submitted emblazon. Also, most commenters were unable to identify the dragon's jambe.

Quentin Sprecher. Badge. (Fieldless) On a cross gules a bear's pawprint argent.

This is returned as a cross throughout cannot be used on a fieldless badge. We considered reblazoning it as a cross couped, but that would then use a restricted charge. The July 2006 LoAR stated in part:

At this time we are modifying the restriction listed in the Glossary of Terms to "A single gules cross couped on any argent background or in any way that could be displayed on an argent background (such as a fieldless badge)". The use of multiple gules crosses couped may be returned on a case-by-case basis if their placement or usage appears too evocative of the symbol of the Red Cross.

Roland Merritt de Carr. Device. Vert, a fleur-de-lys Or collared and chained chevronwise throughout and in base a single link of chain all within a bordure argent.

This is returned for a redesign. Among the other problems, a single link of chain isn't really a heraldic charge. An annulet would be; but what we have here is, in essence, a cartouche fesswise voided. It would not be recognizable as a chain link at all, without the presence of true chains elsewhere in the device, and it is arguably not recognizable, even then. As for the fleur-de-lys, Brachet summarized, "A fleur-de-lys cannot be collared and chained - it doesn't have a neck. Nor is the chain really chevron-wise. In this submission, the binding band of the fleur-de-lys has been drawn in a fancier style and two lengths of chain have been attached to dangle from either side." As the fleur-de-lys cannot be accurately blazoned, it must be returned.

Turold Dunstan Arminger. Device. Azure, a chevron rompu between three fleurs-de-lys one and two and a natural sea-turtle sable.

Blazoned on the LoI as a natural sea-turtle argent, the turtle is primarily sable not argent. As such, this must be returned for lack of contrast due to the sable turtle on the azure field.

WEST

Constantina von Ravenna. Device change. Azure, a chi-rho between in fess two crosses formy Or.

This device conflicts with the device of Gareth de Bailli, Azure, a Saxon feogh rune between two bars Or. There's a CD for type of secondary charges, but no difference for their placement: the placement of Gareth's bars is forced by the nature of the charges. The chi-rho has been previously ruled to be a single abstract symbol, such that it may not be used as the sole charge in an armory (Artus Quintus, February 2003); this makes it the heraldic equivalent of a single letter or rune. We do not grant difference between single letters, even when they are in different alphabets; we therefore cannot grant difference between a chi-rho and a feogh rune.

Loðhöttr Austmannaskelfir. Name.

This name has two problems. First, the given name was documented from Geirr Bassi, but this form is in fact not found in that source. The form in Geirr Bassi is Loðh{o,}ttr. The use of ö to represent the o-ogonek is a modern typographical convention which the College does not use:

Submitted as Björn Helgason, the ö is a modern typographical convention for the o-ogonek, which is represented as {o,} in standard SCA Da'ud notation:

Submitted as Þorbjörn Rauðfeldr, Þorbjörn was documented from Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "Viking Names found in the Landnámabók" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/landnamabok.html). This source notes that the character ö is used to represent an o "with a reverse-comma hook on the bottom". This is the character o-ogonek, which we represent as {o,}. We have made this correction. [Þorbj{o,}rn rauðfeldr, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia]

We have corrected the name to Bj{o,}rn Helgason. [Bj{o,}rn elgason, LoAR 06/2007, West-A]

Secondly, precedent requires that Old Norse bynames which are not based on proper nouns or adjectives must be registered in the lower case:

Submitted as R{o,}gnvaldr Sax, descriptive bynames in old Norse are transcribed in all lowercase (see the October 2002 Cover Letter for details). We have changed this name to R{o,}gnvaldr sax. [R{o,}gnvaldr sax, LoAR 08/2004, West-A]

We would change the name to Loðh{o,}ttr austmannaskelfir to match the documentation and conform to current precedent, but the submitter allows no changes.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE February 2009 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

TRIMARIS

Hruodland Colberht. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Hruodland Colberht, the forms show the name originally submitted as Hruodland Colbehrt. However, this change was not noted on the LoI. We are pending this name in order for Lymphad to supply the missing information. We remind submissions heralds that any time a change is made in kingdom, the original form and the reason for the change must be provided, even in cases where the change was explicitly authorized by the submitter, and that failure to provide this information can result in administrative return.

His device was registered under the holding name Hruodland of Starhaven.

The LoI originally provided the following information:

Submitter desires a male name.

No major changes.

Language (German 12th C) most important.

Culture (German 12th C) most important.

Documentation Provided:

Examples of unmarked patronymics in German: Bertschi Adelbrecht 1313, Bahlow `German Names' under Adelbrecht; Hans Adelrich 1301, Bahlow `German Names' under Adelrich.

Hruodland: Brechenmacher vol.2 p.245 s.n. Roland says this is how Einhard wrote the hero Roland's name (1398)

Colberht: Dauzat Noms de famille et prenoms de France s.n.Colbert states this is from a Germanic personal name, Colberht

Changes: Minor changes only. Desired gender is male. If the name must be changed, the submitter cares most about the language/culture and has written 'German 12th Century".

This was item 10 on the Trimaris letter of January 30, 2008.

Seanach Mac Lochlainn. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Seanach Mac Lochlainn, the name on the forms is Seannach Mac Lochlainn. While the fact that the name was changed was noted on the LoI, neither the original form nor the reason for the change were given. We are pending this name in order for Lymphad to supply the missing information. We remind submissions heralds that any time a change is made in kingdom, the original form and the reason for the change must be provided, even in cases where the change was explicitly authorized by the submitter, and that failure to provide this information can result in administrative return.

His device was registered under the holding name Seanach of Trimaris.

The LoI originally provided this information about the name:

Submitter desires a male name.

No major changes.

Sound most important.

Meaning most important.

Documentation Provided:

Seanach: Irish Names by ÓCorraine & Maguire p 164 Senach: Seanach (m) derived from sen `ancient, old' This was a very common early Irish name and was, according to O Rahilly, the name of a pagan Irish god. There is a St. Senach of Lough Erne whose feast-day is May 11

Mac Lochlainn: Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish names and Surnames by Patrick Woulfe p 387 lists MacLochlainn as the standard Gaelic form.

Changes: Minor changes only. Desired gender is male. If the name must be changed, the submitter cares most about the meaning and sound.

Comments: The name has been changed slightly from the submitted form.

This was item 19 on the Trimaris letter of January 30, 2008.

- Explicit -