THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR

Ada Thomas Heilyn. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic Welsh name, but this request was not summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided information showing that this is an authentic 16th century Welsh name, we would have had to pend this name for further commentary.

Please inform the submitter that, as documented, this is a masculine name meaning 'Ada, son of Thomas, son of Heilyn'.

Aleyn Wykington. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th-14th C English. Both elements can be documented to the 13th century, so this is a fine 13th C English name.

Calandra de Silva. Device. Sable, a bend between two bees Or banded sable.

The submitter has a letter of permission to conflict from Matthew of Norfolk, Sable, a bend between two mullets of eight points Or.

Edward Cire of Greymoor. Badge. (Fieldless) A scorpion passant argent.

This depiction of a scorpion passant is grandfathered to the submitter.

Elspeth Dubh inghean Dubhghaill. Device. Per saltire azure and purpure, a cross patonce and a chief embattled argent.

Elspeth Dubh inghean Dubhghaill. Blanket permission to conflict with name.

Eugenia Canossa. Name and device. Argent, a double rose gules between three mullets vert, a bordure azure.

This name combines Spanish and Italian; this is one step from period practice.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the mullets larger.

Freygerðr in spaka. Device. Per chevron sable and purpure, a needle fesswise reversed argent and a unicorn passant contourny Or.

Jacob Sparrow. Name.

This submission raised a number of questions. The first questions were whether this name conflicted with Jack Sparrow, the name of a prominent character in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" movies, and, if so, whether the name Jack Sparrow was important enough to protect from conflict. If the names do not conflict, there is still a question of whether the similarity of the names is either obtrusively modern or presumptuous.

Rules for Submissions V.1.a.i Given Names says "Two given names are significantly different only if they differ significantly in sound and appearance. Irrespective of differences in sound and appearance, a given name is not significantly different from any of its diminutives when they are used as given names." Jack and Jacob are significantly different in sound and spelling, so we need to determine whether Jack is a diminutive of Jacob. To answer this question, we must look at the rather complicated history of the name Jacob. The given name Jacob arose in English (and other languages) as a vernacular form of Latin Jacobus; Jacobus or Jacomus was used in Latin to render the name of the New Testament disciple who is now known in English as James. The French cognate of James is Jaques or Jacques, which in turn became Jack, Jake, and Jakes in English; Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. James says that "James is occasionally found in the 12th and 13th centuries, sometimes alternating with Jack or its diminutives Jackamin." It is clear that Jacobus is a Latinization of James and that Jack is a diminutive of James, but we lack clear evidence that Jack was used as diminutive of Jacob in our period. Lacking evidence that Jack is a diminutive of Jacob in our period, we will give the submitter the benefit of the doubt. Thus Jacob Sparrow does not conflict with Jack Sparrow, as the given names look and sound significantly different. Since the names do not conflict, we need not consider at this time whether the movie character is important enough to protect from conflict.

The remaining question was whether the submission falls under RfS VI.4 Other Presumptuous Names which says that "Some names not otherwise forbidden by these rules are nevertheless too evocative of widely known and revered protected items to be registered." While it is clear from the comments that this name is indeed evocative of Jack Sparrow and that Jack Sparrow is widely known, the commentary was not unanimous that the name was either too evocative or that the movie character is 'revered'. As Effrick neyn Kennyeocht put it:

[The name] isn't going to grab anybody by the scruff of the neck and bring them into the twenty-first century (or even 20th). If ever there was a non-medieval but SCA-compatible figure, it is the fantasy pirate Jack Sparrow.

We concede that the name may remind some people of the 21st century movie character. But we further agree that this is not sufficient for the name to fall under RfS VI.4, and so we are registering the name.

Marguerite fitz William. Name.

Misty of Madrone. Holding name and device. Vert, a lion dormant and on a chief wavy Or three suns sable.

Submitted under the name Rauðkinn eyverska Starradottir, that name was returned on the May 2008 LoAR.

Salia d'eschele. Device. Azure, a sea-panther erect argent spotted of diverse tinctures finned and incensed Or within a bordure wavy argent.

This is clear of the device of Colin de Wyndmere, Azure, a sea lion erect and a chief nebuly argent. There is a CD for the change from a chief nebuly to a bordure wavy. Given the differences between lions, which are beasts, and panthers, which are monsters, and the fact that the latter are both spotted and incensed, we are granting a CD for the difference between a sea-panther and a sea-lion.

Summits, Principality of the. Order name Order of the Grail of the Summits (see RETURNS for other order name).

The principality has permission to conflict with Compagnie du Graal, registered to Giovanni di Sieni in January 2000.

The question was raised whether this conflicted with the Grail Knights, the lead characters in Arthurian literature. This question was also raised with Giovanni's submission, when it was ruled:

This was pended to discuss whether a literary reference to the Knights of the Grail was important enough to protect. While I received little commentary, the evidence indicates that it is not. It is also true that there is a tradition of naming orders after important legendary artifacts, the most notable being the Order of the Golden Fleece. We therefore believe that such while such [sic] an order may imply a group intending to emulate the Arthurian knights, barring any notable actual Orders of the Grail, we must assume that they are not pretending to be the Arthurian knights. [Giovanni di Sienna, 01/00, A-Outlands]

No new evidence was provided to support the protection of the Knights of the Grail now, and so the submitted name may be registered.

Summits, Principality of the. Order name Order of the Bezant and badge. (Fieldless) On a chalice azure five bezants in annulo.

Summits, Principality of the. Badge. (Fieldless) A chalice within and conjoined to an annulet argent.

There was a question of whether this conflicts with the device for Elinor du Pont, Per chevron sable and vert, a goblet within a bordure argent, and that of Frederic Badger, Sable, a chalice within an orle argent. In each case, there is a CD for fieldlessness, but there was a question as to whether there was another CD. Precedent says:

[Azure, a sun within an orle argent] The device is clear of ... Azure, an estoile of eight rays within an annulet and a bordure all argent. Even though an orle looks like an annulet on a round field, they are nonetheless separate charges: if this were drawn on the standard shield shape the difference would be given automatically and it is unfair to penalize the drawing when it is forced to be circular by administrative requirements. [Taliesin de Morlet, 03/01, R-Caid] [returned for a different conflict]

We are extending this standard to also apply to a bordure. Properly drawn bordures follow the edge of the field. Considering a bordure to be equivalent to an annulet on a fieldless badge merely because it may be displayed on a roundel would, in our opinion, unfairly penalize submitters.

This is therefore clear of both Elinor and Frederick's armory, as each has a second CD for the change in type from a bordure or orle to an annulet, even when the bordure/orle is drawn on a circular display area.

Talentus del Albero. Name and device. Per chevron purpure semy of escarbuncles and argent, in base a tree blasted and eradicated sable.

ANSTEORRA

Eoin Wythirspon. Name.

This combines Gaelic and Scots in the same name; this is one step from period practice.

Helene Dalassene. Name and device. Ermine, a talbot's head erased sable collared Or and in chief three roses proper.

Submitted as Helena Dalassene, this used both a and e to transliterate the Greek letter eta. The use of a to transliterate eta is nonstandard. We have changed the name to Helene Dalassene so that it uses a consistent and standard transliteration system throughout.

Please advise the submitter that the ermine spots should be fewer and larger.

Ioannes Dalassenos. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or, a double-headed eagle counterchanged and on a chief argent three castles gules.

Ulrich von Brixen. Name.

ATENVELDT

Albin Gallowglass. Name.

Asha Batu. Device. Gules chaussé, on a chief Or a furison sable.

Brénainn mac Láegaire. Name and device. Per chevron azure and argent, a weeping willow tree eradicated, its trunk the head and torso of a woman counterchanged, on a chief argent a Continental panther passant sable incensed gules.

The use of a weeping willow is a step from period practice.

The tree trunk being the body of a woman is not a step from period practice: Batonvert notes that "the mundane example that springs to mind is the harp of the arms of Ireland, whose fore pillar is often carved into the shape of a winged woman but the fact never blazoned." We are blazoning the presence of the woman here because if we blazon this simply as a tree, our modern heraldic artists would not reproduce this emblazon.

Coileán mac an Báird. Name and device. Per saltire azure and sable, a sword inverted surmounted by a staff, headed of a roundel, bendwise argent.

Submitted as Coile{a-}n mac an B{a-}ird, Gaelic uses the acute accent, not the macron, to indicate long vowels. We have made this correction.

The documentation for the byname, Woulfe, Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish Names and Surnames, listed the byname with the substantive element lenited. However, the unlenited form, which was submitted, is also acceptable. Rowel notes a number of examples from the Annals of the Four Masters, including:

-	M1173.5: Maoil Iosu Mac an Baird Epscop Chluana Fearta Brenainn

-	M1449.8: Giolla Criost Mac an Baird

-	M1478.11: Mac an Baird .i. Gofraidh, Tire Conaill

-	M1495.18: Mac an Baird Tíre Conaill, .i. Aedh

-	M1531.12: Giolla Pattraicc mac Adhaimh Mic An Baird

-	M1534.6: Corbmac mac Ferghail Mic an Baird

-	M1546.1: Mheic An Baird Gofraidh

-	M1576.5: Uilliam Ócc Mac An Baird, mac Corbmaic ollamh Uí Domhnaill

-	M1597.5: Maolmuire mac Con Uladh Meic An Baird

These spellings are consistent with Early Modern Irish spellings, which means that both mac an Bháird and mac an Báird are reasonable Early Modern Irish bynames.

Constancia le Gode. Device. Vert, on a pale indented between two fleurs-de-lys argent, in pale a wyvern statant atop a tower sable.

Dominic de la Mer. Name.

Submitted as Dominique de la Mer, precedent from September 2002 says:

Dominica Maquerelle. Name. Submitted as Dominique Maquereau, both elements are modern forms. No documentation was found that these are plausible forms in period. Marie-Therese Morlet, Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siecle (vol. II, p. 42 s.n. Dominica), dates Dominica to various points in the 9th to 11th C as a feminine name...We have modified this name to use period forms in order to register this name.

In commentary Wreath Emeritus cited grey area examples of Dominique from http://www.ancestry.com: the father of someone christened in 1613, someone who died in 1645, someone who married in 1641, and four people born in 1616, 1643, and 1646. However, she also notes "I can't tell if the names have been normalized or not." Current precedent allows the use of genealogical websites such as http://www.ancestry.com for documentation purposes only in cases where we know that the name forms in question have not been normalized or modernized:

As genealogy sources routinely normalize spellings, they are not suitable for documentation of SCA name submissions on their own [Jörgen Unruh, LoAR 10/2004, Atlantia-A].

Heinemann was documented from ancestry.com. The April 2001 LoAR stated the following in regards to the submitted name Sueva the Short:

The given name was documented from Roberts, Notable Kin: An Anthology of Columns First Published in the NEHGS NEXUS, 1986-1995. While we have no reason to doubt the quality of the genealogical research, the goals of genealogists are different from ours and their data is not necessarily applicable to SCA use. The same issue applies to documentation from genealogy Web sites including ancestry.com. They cannot be relied on for documentation for spelling variants.

[Tatiana Heinemann, 08/01, A-Trimaris]

Barring evidence that these ancestry.com citations have not been normalized, they do not provide support for Dominique as a grey-area spelling.

Wreath Emeritus also cited a burial record for a Dominque Gallinier who died in 1661, aged 55, which she confirmed by looking at a scan of the original record. However, the case of names of people born in the grey area is not the same as those who were married or buried in the grey area. As precedent says:

The purpose of the gray area is to provide the benefit of the doubt for names that are not found prior to the 17th century, but that may plausibly have been in use prior to 1600. For example, if a marriage record or a death record shows a particular name in use between 1600-1650, the name is registerable because it is plausible that it was in use prior to 1600. [Karolyne, called the Wanderer, 03/04, R-Caid]

With a marriage or death record from the grey area, we can give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the person in question was born before 1600. When we have clear evidence that the person was born within the grey area, then we can no longer can give that benefit of the doubt. Lacking clearly non-normalized examples of Dominique either in our period or in grey area records which are not birth records, the spelling Dominique remains unregisterable.

The submitter indicated that if Dominique was not registerable, she preferred the form Dominic, which Withycombe, Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Dominic(k) indicates was used by both men and women from the 13th century. We have changed the name to Dominic de la Mer in order to register it.

Dragna Aoine. Name.

Francesca Marchesi. Name.

Submitted as Francésca Marchési, the accents used in De Felice, Dizionario dei cognomi italiani and Dizionario dei nomi italiani, are pronunciation guides and are not part of the name. We have removed them.

Hans Rüpprecht. Name.

Iamys MacMurray de Morayshire. Device change. Azure, three mullets argent and a bordure argent semy of hands gules.

While we protect both the Red Hand of Ulster and the augmentation for British baronets, what we protect in each case is a single hand. Per the August 1992 precedent, "the use of red hands, gloves, gauntlets, etc., on white backgrounds is not, in and of itself, cause for return." This ruling was not overturned on the January 2008 Cover Letter, the definition of what is protected was merely clarified.

One commenter noted that the arms of the Murrays and the Province of Moray in Scotland are Azure, three mullets argent, later augmented to Azure, three mullets argent and for augmentation a double tressure flory counter-flory Or. While the combination of the submitted name and the uncadenced form of the submitted arms (without the charged bordure) would likely be considered presumptuous, we do not currently protect the Moray/Murray arms. The submission is also clear of them, with CDs for the addition of the bordure and the addition of the hands.

His old armory, Argent, on a bend azure cotised vert three mullets palewise argent all within a bordure azure, is released.

Kassah bint Badr. Name change from holding name Leslie of Twin Moons.

Maredudd Browderer. Badge. (Fieldless) In saltire a holly leaf vert and a sewing needle argent.

Mederic de Chastelerault. Badge. (Fieldless) In cross a sword fesswise reversed argent, hilted and quilloned sable, and a sickle inverted argent.

This would normally have been returned for excessive allusion to the symbol commonly used by the rock band "Blue Öyster Cult" (which can be seen at http://www.blueoystercult.com/main.html) except that this exact motif is used in his registered armory and its use is grandfathered to him.

Mederic de Chastelerault and Ameera al-Sarrakha. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Argent, on a fess cotised between a sword fesswise and another fesswise reversed sable, a pair of drinking horns argent.

Please instruct the submitter to draw a thicker fess, so the horns can be more readily identified.

Michiel Martel. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and argent, a bend sinister between a mallet and a cross formy counterchanged.

Submitted as Michiel le Martel, the documentation, Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Late Period French Feminine Names", listed the byname as Martel without the definite article. No documentation was provided for the addition of the definite article le. We have dropped it to register the name as Michiel_Martel to match the documentation.

Roland Ansbacher. Name.

The only documentation provided for the byname was an Encyclopedia Britannica article discussing the history of the city. This is inadequate documentation because it does not show that the city was called Ansbach in our period. Blaeu's 1645 atlas of Territorium Norimbergense (http://www.library.ucla.edu/yrl/reference/maps/blaeu/norimbergense.jpg) mentions the Marckgraef von Anspach; this map pretty consistently spells modern -bach as -pach. However, Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Place Names from a 16th C Czech Register", shows various place names recorded with both spellings interchangeably, so the Blaeu citation supports Ansbach as a plausible period form of the place name, and hence Ansbacher is a plausible adjectival locative based on this place name.

Rollo of Mons Tonitrus. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, on a bend sinister cotised between two Thor's hammers sable a sword Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the bend thicker.

Submitted under the name Rollo the Walker.

Ryon of Sundragon. Holding name and badge. (Fieldless) A cock within and conjoined to a mascle Or.

Submitted under the name Dubhghlais Brocc, that name was returned on the July 2008 LoAR.

Terrance of Granite Mountain. Name and device. Sable, on a triangle inverted argent a bow fesswise drawn and nocked with an arrow inverted sable, all within an orle of plates.

Terrance is the submitter's legal given name. Granite Mountain is the name of an SCA branch.

Please inform the submitter that charges in orle should be equidistant from the edge of the field. Given the wide variance in art skills displayed in period armorials, however, the submitted emblazon is acceptable and registerable.

Zedena Lyschka. Name change from holding name Zedena of Tir Ysgithr.

ATLANTIA

Adeliza of Bristol and Thorgrimr inn kyrri. Joint badge. Pean, in fess an owl contourny maintaining an acorn argent and a boar rampant Or.

Aldric Smith of Exeter. Name.

Angélique Dragon. Name.

Submitted as Angélique da Dragoni, the submitter desired a name authentic for 14th C French Italian and noted that retaining the given name was most important. As submitted, the name is not authentic for two reasons. First, an authentic name using these elements would be either wholly French or wholly Italian, and not a mix of the two. Second, the earliest example of Angélique that could be found by the commenters is from 1606. To partially meet her request for authenticity, we have changed the name to Angélique_Dragon_, using a surname dated to 1601 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Artois, 1601". Angélique Dragon is an authentic late 16th/early 17th C French name.

If having a 14th C name is more important to the submitter than retaining the given name Angélique, we recommend the name Angela da Dragoni; Angela is found four times in Arval Benicoeur, "Feminine Given Names from Thirteenth Century Perugia", and once in Arval Benicoeur, "Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto of Florence of 1427", making it plausible for the 14th C as well. Angela da Dragoni would be an authentic 14th C Italian name.

Bonaventura da Castelfranco. Name change from Ávangr Kársson.

His previous name, Ávangr Kársson, is retained as an alternate name.

Brian Killian the Red. Badge. Quarterly gules and Or, a grenade within a bordure embattled sable.

Brockore Abbey, Canton of. Branch name and device. Purpure, on a bend sable fimbriated between two brocks rampant argent marked sable three laurel wreaths palewise argent.

Submitted as Brockshore Abbey, Canton of, the LoI justified Brockshore on the basis of Pershore, but the deuterotheme of Pershore is -ore (from OE ora 'border, margin, bank, edge'), not -shore. Middle English shore derives from OE *scor(a), but the only examples of this element in English place names that were found used it as a prototheme. Lacking examples of -shore used as a deuterotheme, it is not registerable as such in English place names. We have changed the name to Brockore Abbey, Canton of, which uses the constructed place name Brockore, meaning 'shore, bank of the brook'.

No documentation was provided on the LoI for the pattern place name + abbey. While the LoI cited Pershore Abbey, no evidence was given that it was known by this name in our period. However, Siren provided the following examples of the pattern place name + abbey, from http://www.british-history.ac.uk: Chersey abbey 1538, Pypwell Abbey 1511, Myssenden Abbey 1511, Meryvall Abbey 1511, Bardmonseye Abbaye 17 Edward II. Margaret Makafee also provides some examples, from the Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse, http://www.hti.umich.edu/c/cme/, including the following: Kenelworthe abbey c. 1450, Becc abbey 15th C, seynt Ede abbey undated. These examples demonstrate the acceptability of this pattern and allow us to register the name.

Cairistiona de Coueran. Badge. Quarterly vert and Or, a quatrefoil saltirewise counterchanged.

Edmund Hawkesworth. Name.

Esperanza Susanna Flecha. Name and device. Argent masoned gules, a cinquefoil pierced sable and on a chief gules in pale an arrow fesswise and an arrow fesswise reversed argent.

Gawain MacDonald. Name and device. Purpure, a doumbek and on a chief raguly argent two duck's heads erased addorsed vert.

The only documentation provided for Gawain was a header spelling in Withycombe, Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names. As with most other sources, undated header forms in Withycombe are modern and therefore only registerable if it is demonstrated that the spellings are consistent with period forms. Withycombe gives no dated examples using the spelling -wain or -wayn. Reaney & Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Gavin notes that "In central French the Anglo-Norman Walwain became Gawain or Gauvain", so Gawain is registerable as a French given name.

Submitted as Gawain MacDonald the Artificer, past precedent places restrictions on what type of byname can follow a Mac- style patronymic in Scots:

Submitted as Brigitte MacFarlane the Red...the bigger problem is placing a the or le style of literal descriptive byname after a Mac- style of surname. Very few types of bynames appear after a Mac- style surname in Scots. Most of these are locatives (i.e. of Edinburgh). All other bynames that have been found after a Mac- byname modify the object of the Mac- byname, and so form a compound byname. For example, Black (p. 475 s.n. MacConachie) dates William M'Ane Makconquhye to 1543. This name means 'William son of John [who was the] son of Duncan'. So William has one patronymic byname that contains multiple generations: M'Ane Makconquhye> is his patronymic byname, and it is a single name phrase. In the case of this submission, the Red refers to MacFarlane, not to Brigitte. MacFarlane is a Scots rendering of a Gaelic byname. The cited le Rede is a Scots or English rendering of an English byname. While both elements are Scots, no evidence was presented that they can be combined in a compound patronymic byname MacFarlane the Red. Since Black (s.n. Reid) states that "Reid is also used as an Englishing of Gaelic Ruadh", and Ruadh (meaning 'red') is a logical descriptive to follow Mac Pharlain in Gaelic, MacFarlane Reid is a logical Scots form of this combination. As Black shows Red and Reid to be variants of each other, MacFarlane Red is also a plausible Scots form. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have dropped the in order to register this name. [Brigitte MacFarlane Red, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc]

Similarly, in the current name, no evidence was provided that the Artificer could be combined with MacDonald in a compound patronymic byname. Because the submitter allows all changes, we have dropped the second byname to register the name as Gawain MacDonald_. This name combines French and Scots, which is one step from period practice.

There was some question about the plausibility of the byname the Artificer. This is a reasonable lingua anglica form of Latin artifex, which can be found in the entries Thomas Falledew, artifex; Ricardus Coleman artifex; and Ricardus Pyper artifex in the 1381 poll tax of Suffolk, edited in Powell, Edgar, The rising in East Anglia in 1381: with an appendix containing the Suffolk poll tax lists for that year (Cambridge: University Press, 1896). It's unclear to what extent this term is part of the name and to what extent it is a non-nominal descriptive, but these examples are sufficient to give the benefit of the doubt. If the submitter would like to use this byname, we recommend that he submit a name change which does not use a Mac- style surname.

Highland Foorde, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) A patriarchal cross bottony counter-ermine.

Jökull landi Haraldsson. Device change. Vert, a plate between three gouttes inverted argent.

His old device, Per bend sinister Or and vert, a bendlet sinister between a trefoil and a sword, all counterchanged, is retained as a badge.

Katyn of Black Forest. Name.

Submitted as Kateryn of the Black Forest, the LoI notes that the submitter desired the given name Katyn if that was possible. Reaney & Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, s.nn. Catt, Katin gives Catin or Katin as a diminutive of Catherine; given the standard i/y switch in English, this supports Katyn as a plausible English form.

The byname was documented as a lingua anglica of the byname vom Schwarzwalde, but no documentation for this byname was provided. We remind submissions heralds that the lingua anglica rule is a translation, and requires an attested byname (or word that can be used as a byname) in the original language that can then be translated. Additionally, the lingua anglica specifically does not allow the translation of place names:

Lingua Anglica equivalents for placenames are based on their English rendering, not on a literal translation of the meaning of the placename. For example, the Lingua Anglica form of Tokyo (which means 'Eastern Capital') is Tokyo, not Eastern Capital. [Erik the Bear, 05/2002, R-Atlantia]

Luckily, Black Forest can be constructed as a hypothetical English place name. Ekwall, Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, shows a number of place names with the prototheme black and a deuterotheme referring to trees and woods. While the most common Middle English theme referring to trees or woods is wode, Watts, The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, does have a few examples of forest, including Inglewod forest 1350 s.n. Braithwaite and Nova Foresta 1086, c.1115, 1231, Noveforest 1154, s.n. New Forest. This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt about Black Forest. However, because Black Forest is a proper place name, a locative byname referring to this place would not use the definite article the.

We have changed the name to Katyn of_Black Forest to give the submitter her desired given name and in order to register it.

Margaret of Hollingford. Badge change. (Fieldless) A sprig of holly inverted and fructed Or.

The badge is three holly leaves bendwise sinister, palewise, and bendwise conjoined at the top, fructed at the join. This is a reasonable depiction of a sprig inverted.

Her old badge, (Fieldless) A wreath of holly leaves vert, fructed gules, overall two arrows inverted in saltire Or, is released.

Nicolosa de Isenfir. Name and device. Argent, a dance vert between two butterflies azure.

Isenfir is the registered name of an SCA branch.

There was some question whether de Isenfir violated RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining Latin de with a non-Latin place name. Examples of this pattern can be found in virtually all places and periods where Latin was used as a standard documentary language. Therefore we hereby rule that the Latin preposition de can be used without penalty with any vernacular, undeclined place name from any country which either used Latin as a documentary language or which had substantial contact with such a country.

Ragnarr rifsbrjótr. Name and device. Argent goutty de sang, a valknut vert.

Submitted as Ragnarr rifbrjótr, all the documented examples of X-brjótr that were supplied on the LoI and by the commenters have the X element in the genitive case. We have changed the name to Ragnarr rifsbbrjótr to match the documented examples and fix the grammar.

Rakel Kyrre. Device. Lozengy azure and argent, on a pile Or a dragon couchant contourny purpure, winged gules.

Randal Sinclair Hawkins. Badge. Quarterly azure and Or, a crescent within a bordure embattled sable.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the badge of Logan Blackwoulfe, Quarterly gules and argent, a crescent within a bordure embattled sable.

Rhieinwylydd verch Einion Llanaelhaearn. Addition of joint owner Galeran Chanterel for badge. Per bend indented argent and sable, a fleur-de-lys azure and a lion's head cabossed argent.

Rose Wynd of Cydllan Downs. Name.

Submitted as Rose Wynd of Cyddlan Downs, the second byname was documented from an SCA branch name. However, the registered form of the branch's name is Cydllan Downs. We have corrected the name to match the registered spelling of the branch name.

Seamus the Tinker. Device. Sable, a cog wheel and in chief a hammer fesswise reversed argent.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the badge of Iathus of Scara, Sable, a roundel embattled voided argent.

Submitted as co-primaries, sufficient commenters noted that this was a primary cog wheel and a secondary hammer that it need not be pended for further research.

Umm Hurayrah bint Khalid. Name.

The phrase Umm Hurayrah was documented as a metaphorical kunya, meaning 'mother of the kitten', constructed on analogy with Ab{u-} Hurayrah 'father of the kitten', the byname of one of the companions of the prophet Muhammad. In Arabic, kunyas are usually literal descriptive bynames, describing the bearer as the father or mother of one of their sons. This means that, as documented, the name consisted of two bynames (Umm Hurayrah and bint Khalid), and no given name; this violates RfS III.2.a Personal Names which says that "A personal name must contain a given name and at least one byname". Palimpsest argues that Umm Hurayrah and other metaphorical kunyas are often used as if they were given names:

The name element <Umm Hurayrah> above takes the form of a kunya. The question is whether names that take the form of a kunya can be understood to be a given name (whether or not that is equivalent to the Arabic term ism). This problem is made more serious by the fact that many documentary forms of names omit the ism of an individual, even though he or she had one.

In most cases, a kunya comes before a given name, like <Abu'l-Fa{d.}l S{a.}li{h.}>. However, in the case of the Geniza data, it is clear that for some people, women and men alike, names that look like kunyas (i.e. have the form Umm X or Ab{u-} X) where [sic] the only thing that people had that functioned like given names. They were given at birth, there was no other thing in their name that looked like an ism, and they are identified by this name in all contexts that one would expect a given name. In other words, these are more than just documentary forms that omit an ism; in these cases, these kunya-like names function as an ism in every way that matters.

S. D. Goitein (author of A Mediterranean Society) makes it clear he thinks of these as given names:

Several names e[x]pressing the idea of eminence, mentioned above, such as "Glory," "Praise," "Victory," appear also as male names, but then mostly preceded by Ab{u-}, "Possessor of." These identical names of males and femal[e]s also probably demonstrate the proud mother's contention that she did not care whether she had given birth to a boy or a girl. (vol. 3, p. 318)

Umm al-Khayr, "Possessor [literally, "Mother"] of Goodness," found thus far only once in a Jewish document, dated 1029, appears again as the name of a Muslim noble woman, married in Aswan three hundred years later in 1334. (ibid, p. 319)

If the main scholar of these documents unproblematically sees these as given names, who am I to quibble. That's what led me to list the names that Loyalle gives as given names. I think that we must accept some names of the form <Umm X> and <Abu X> as given names.

The question of whether we should accept all remains. In practice, it is often difficult to determine for any individual whether the kunya-like name is functioning as a given name or as a kunya. In documentary forms, people are often identified using only their kunya or with their kunya together with bynames, as in the cases of the individuals Loyalle cites from Persia. In many cases, people are referred to most frequently by their kunya rather than their given name. Thus, when you find a documentary <Abu `l-Fa{d.}l> 'father of reward,' it's almost impossible to be certain whether it is functioning as a given name, or if the documentary form simply omits a known ism.

So, I lean toward the interpretation that (1) we must accept some names of the kunya form as given names and (2) there is no useful way to distinguish between a "true kunya" and a metaphoric kunya used as a given name. That leads to the idea that (3) we should accept a name with a kunya and some other byname as a reasonable Arabic construction, with the kunya serving as a sort of given name and the other byname as a byname. There is no evidence of the use of true kunya with a metaphoric given name kunya, so that construction should not be allowed.

The examples cited by Loyall that Palimpsest refers to are the following from Juliana de Luna, "Jewish Women's Names in an Arabic Context":

-	Umm al-Khayr (mother of goodness)

-	Umm Bayda' (mother of the fair girl)

-	Umm Farjun

-	Umm Halila

-	Umm Hasan

-	Umm Musharrafa

-	Umm Sa'id (mother of propitiousness)

-	Sitt al-Nass (mother of the mistress of mankind)

-	Umm Thana (mother of praise)

We agree with Palimpsest's assessment. Lacking any useful way of distinguishing metaphorical kunyas being used as given names, on the one hand, and names which have a literal kunya and an omitted ism, on the other, we will allow metaphorical kunyas to fill the role of given names for the purposes of RfS III.2.a. A name which uses a metaphorical kunya in this way may not also use a literal kunya, barring evidence for the use of both types of kunya in the same name in period.

Una Freyviðardóttir. Name.

Valgard av Mors. Device. Sable, on a plate between three pheons argent a sealion erect maintaining with its dexter paw an arrow inverted bendwise sinister and with its sinister paw a skull gules.

Wenllyan Goch. Name.

BATONVERT

Gondor. New device (important non-SCA armory). Sable mullety of eight points, a tree blasted, flowered and eradicated and in chief a crown argent.

Various armory from Tolkien's Lord of the Rings used to be protected, but were released in 1995, with the justification that the popularity of the books had waned among those participating in the SCA. With the release of the Peter Jackson movies, we can once again expect that nearly everyone participating in the SCA is familiar, not only with the movies, but with the emblazons of the armory contained therein. As such, we are reinstating the protection of various pieces of armory from these works.

This device is one interpretation of the armory of the Heirs of Elendil. In keeping with the protection of the armory of Rohan, we are protecting them as important non-SCA armory.

Gondor. New device (important non-SCA armory). Sable, a tree blasted, flowered and eradicated beneath an arch of seven mullets of eight points, in chief a crown argent.

Various armory from Tolkien's Lord of the Rings used to be protected, but were released in 1995, with the justification that the popularity of the books had waned among those participating in the SCA. With the release of the Peter Jackson movies, we can once again expect that nearly everyone participating in the SCA is familiar, not only with the movies, but with the emblazons of the armory contained therein. As such, we are reinstating the protection of various pieces of armory from these works.

This device is one interpretation of the armory of the Heirs of Elendil. In keeping with the protection of the armory of Rohan, we are protecting them as important non-SCA armory.

Isengard. New device (important non-SCA armory). Sable, a hand argent.

Various armory from Tolkien's Lord of the Rings used to be protected, but were released in 1995, with the justification that the popularity of the books had waned among those participating in the SCA. With the release of the Peter Jackson movies, we can once again expect that nearly everyone participating in the SCA is familiar, not only with the movies, but with the emblazons of the armory contained therein. As such, we are reinstating the protection of various pieces of armory from these works.

This is the device that Saurman's orcs bore. In keeping with the protection of the armory of Rohan, we are protecting them as important non-SCA armory.

Mordor. New device (important non-SCA armory). Sable, an eye gules.

Various armory from Tolkien's Lord of the Rings used to be protected, but were released in 1995, with the justification that the popularity of the books had waned among those participating in the SCA. With the release of the Peter Jackson movies, we can once again expect that nearly everyone participating in the SCA is familiar, not only with the movies, but with the emblazons of the armory contained therein. As such, we are reinstating the protection of various pieces of armory from these works.

This device is one interpretation of the armory of Sauron. In keeping with the protection of the armory of Rohan, we are protecting them as important non-SCA armory.

CALONTIR

Arganguen filia Dinocati. Name change from Aranwen Bengrek.

Her previous name, Aranwen Bengrek, is released.

Elspeth Gruenwalde. Name.

Submitted as Elspeth von dem Grünwalde, the submitter requested an authentic German name. The byname von dem Grünwalde was documented on the LoI as a constructed byname, but no dated bynames using the spelling grün- were provided. Bahlow, Dictionary of German Names, s.n. Grunewald dates Hinrich Grunewalt to 1322 and s.n. Wald(e) dates Wernher zu dem Walde to 1361. Margaret Makafee provides 14th century examples of the spelling gruen- from http://www.monasterium.net, including Ruedger der Piber von Gruenwerch 1319, Vlreichen von Gruenwurch 1340, and Anna die Gruenpekchinn in 1394. Together these examples supports Gruenwalde as a plausible 14th C form of the byname. We have changed the name to Elspeth_Gruenwalde to meet her request for authenticity.

Emery Le Fevre de Lyon. Name (see PENDS for device).

Finn mac Dubgaill meic Cuill. Device change. Or, three crosses fleury gules each charged with a bezant within an orle gules.

His old device, Per bend sinister vert and azure, an anchor Or sustained by a sea-lion argent, is retained as a badge.

Isolda of Skye. Name.

Jóhann Steinarsson. Name.

Od Barbarossa. Device. Erminois, a bear rampant contourny gules within a bordure embattled sable.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the arms of the Shire of Westumbria, Erminois, a bear rampant contourny gules within a laurel wreath sable.

Otto Augustin von Württemberg. Device change. Per saltire argent and azure, in pale two tau crosses and in fess two annulets counterchanged.

The device is clear of the device of Amartine du Bon Coeur, Per saltire argent and azure, four ballpeen hammers, handles to center, counterchanged by X.2. There is substantial difference between a ballpeen hammer and a tau cross.

Some commenters asked whether this could be a monogram, which are specifically disallowed. Since the charges are in a standard heraldic arrangement and do not appear to actually form a word, this is acceptable.

His old device, Per pale azure and argent, a boar rampant counterchanged, a bordure sable, is retained as a badge.

Robert Cory MacPherson. Name and device. Argent, three demi-lightning bolts conjoined in pall inverted throughout azure between a sword, a sword inverted, and a feather sable.

Listed on the LoI as Robert MacPherson de Cory, the name was originally submitted as Robert Cory MacPherson, and changed in kingdom because of this precedent:

"Submitted as Beatrice Lindsay MacBean, the submitter requested authenticity for "any" time period. Lindsay is a locative byname. All examples of multiple bynames in Scots found by the College have the patronymic byname (or inherited surname) before the locative byname. Therefore, lacking evidence that a locative byname would precede the patronymic in Scots, that byname order is not registerable. Authentic forms of this name would be Beatrice Lindsay, Beatrice de Lindsay, Beatrice MacBean, or Beatrice MacBean de Lindsay. As the last option is the closest to her submitted name, we have made this change." [Beatrice MacBean de Lindsay, 09/01, A-Calontir]

Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Cory indicates that Cori or Cory was also used as a given name, deriving from Old Norse Kori or Kári. They give the patronymic examples of Robert Cori 1266 and Henry Cory 1297, 1327. These are sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Cory was used as a given name, which means we can restore the name to the originally submitted form and register it as Robert Cory MacPherson. The use of two given names with a Scots language byname is one step from period practice.

There was a discussion in commentary of whether or not this armory is slot machine heraldry. It is not. The primary charge group is the pall of lightning bolts. The secondary charge group is composed of two swords and a feather. Even though the arrangement is unbalanced to both period and modern eyes, there are still only two charge types in the secondary charge group.

The use of lightning bolts, per section VII.6.a of the Rules for Submission, is a step from period practice.

Saerlaith ingen Chanainn. Name and device. Argent ermined purpure, on a plumed great helm vert a cross of swords tips to center argent.

This name has one step from period practice for the temporal disparity of more than 300 years between the 962 date for the given name and the 616 date for the patronym.

While there is a resemblance between the tertiary charges and a cross crosslet, this is clearly drawn as four swords in cross, tips to center.

Uldin de Vatavia. Name.

Submitted as Uldin_Vatavia, the byname was documented as an SCA branch name. The proper way to form a locative byname based on an SCA branch name is to use a preposition such as of or de followed by the branch name. Precedent from April 2008 makes this clear:

However, because of [SCA branch names] are a special category of names, care must be used in how they are registered. Most branch names are not, and should not be, registerable without the use of the preposition of. This marks the name as a true locative rather than a name that follows a pattern of an inherited surname (which is a pattern consistent with the lack of the preposition). [Máire Black Rose, Caid-A]

Since the documentation indicates that the given name occurs in Latin context, we have changed the name to Uldin de Vatavia, using the Latin preposition de. We note that Uldin of Vatavia is also registerable.

Yamamoto Yukiko. Name (see RETURNS for device).

DRACHENWALD

Catelin the Wanderer. Device. Per fess argent and gules, a thistle proper and six triquetrae argent.

Margaret de Mey. Name (See PENDS for device).

Nicholas de Estleche, dictus le Tardif. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The byname dictus le Tardif does not violate RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency because we have numerous examples of Latin dictus combined with an Anglo-Norman, Middle English, or Scots byname, including Johannes Gyffard dictus le Boef 1297 in Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, p.xiii; Thomas dictus le Ussher 1296 in Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Ussher; and Iohannes dictus Marchaunt de Croindene, Iohannes dictus Fin de Risberge, Petrus dictus Dru de Birchinton, Adam dictus de Rever de Godwenestone, Alexander dictus Man de Dovor', Iohannes dictus Here de Cant', Edmundus, dictus Fersheringe, Ricardus de Ockefeud, dictus Kebbil, Galfridus de Taneto, dictus Roter, Thomas, dictus Babir, and Robertus dictus le Wyse de Gloc(estrie), all found in The register of John Pecham, archbishop of Canterbury, 1279-1292, Decima Douie, ed., (Torquay: The Devonshire Press, 1968).

EALDORMERE

Eoforwic, Canton of. Badge. Argent, a sword sable and overall a chevron cotised gules.

The use of a chevron cotised overall is grandfathered to the group.

Phillida Parker. Device. Per fess wavy argent and Or, a natural rainbow proper clouded azure and three fir trees couped vert.

This submission includes indigo as one of the rainbow's tinctures. This matches the description of a natural rainbow proper provided by Laurel when one of Phillida's previous submissions was returned, in December 2002, and the description listed in the Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry. This contradicts the definition in the Glossary of Terms, which omits indigo following precedent from the tenure of Wilhelm von Schlüssel as Laurel. Given the inability of most people to see indigo, the use or omission of indigo in natural rainbows will be considered a matter of artistic license.

While the device has a complexity count of ten (argent, gules, orange, Or, azure, indigo, vert, purpure, rainbow, tree), which is greater than our guideline of eight, natural rainbows proper by themselves already have a complexity count of eight or nine, depending on the inclusion of indigo (either six or seven colors for the arch, argent clouds, and the rainbow as a type). If some additional complexity was not acceptable, natural rainbows by themselves on a field would be entirely unregisterable. Since natural rainbows always have this large complexity count, a complexity count of two greater than that of the rainbow by itself will be considered acceptable. Higher complexity counts may be registerable on a case by case basis.

The use of a natural rainbow, which is an SCA invention, is a step from period practice.

Tita Batini. Name.

Good name!

EAST

Eva Bengrek. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Welsh language/culture; this is an excellent 13th C Welsh name.

Johanne i Visby. Name and device. Azure, a chevron argent and in sinister chief a mullet Or.

This does not conflict with Jon i Visby, registered below. The given names are significantly different in appearance, and as Johanne was pronounced with three syllables in our period, it is significantly different from Jon in sound as well.

Johanne i Visby. Badge. (Fieldless) A swan naiant argent charged with a mullet azure.

Jon i Visby. Name and device. Gules, two bars wavy and in sinister chief a pair of compasses argent.

This does not conflict with Johanne i Visby, registered above. The given names are significantly different in appearance, and as Johanne was pronounced with three syllables in our period, it is significantly different from Jon in sound as well.

Magdalena Winter. Badge. Argent, on a bend cotised azure a mullet of six points Or.

The submitter has a letter of permission to conflict with Rowan le Beau, Argent, on a bend cotised azure a lily palewise Or between two others argent.

Mahîn Bânû Tabrîzî. Name change from Selena d'Ambra.

Submitted as Mahin Bãnu Tabrîzî, this used both the tilde and the circumflex accents to indicate the long vowels. For purposes of SCA registration, we require that it use a consistent transcription. The transcription system which uses the macron or the circumflex to mark long vowels is more usual than that which uses a tilde. Additionally, the documentation showed the given name as Mahîn Bânû; we have changed the name to Mahîn Bânû Tabrîzî in order to match the documentation and use a uniform transcription system.

Her previous name, Selena d'Ambra, is released.

Margaret Gresham. Name.

Good name!

Østgarðr, Crown Province of. Order name Order of the Sea Dog of Østgarðr and badge. (Fieldless) A sea-dog rampant azure, finned Or.

This name conflicts with Sea-Dog Herald, transferred to Sebastian Halyburton in December 2003. The designators are transparent for purposes of conflict as is the SCA branch name. However, Østgarðr has a letter of permission to conflict from Sebastian Halyburton, so the order name is registerable.

Sibán Gallowglass. Device change. Purpure, on a lozenge ployé between four feathers embowed in annulo argent a domestic cat couchant guardant sable.

Her old device, Per chevron Or and sable, two oak branches gules, slipped sable, and a winged cat sejant affronty, wings displayed Or, is released.

GLEANN ABHANN

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge (see RETURNS for other order names and badges). (Fieldless) On a keystone argent, in bend a Gothic capital G gules and a Gothic capital A sable.

This was submitted as the badge for the Order of the Argent Keystone, which order name is returned elsewhere on this LoAR.

The use of this modern stylization of a keystone, which originates from the State of Pennsylvania, is a step from period practice.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for the Poet Laureate. Argent, on an open book per pale gules and sable, a quill pen fesswise Or, a bordure per pale gules and sable.

Poet Laureate is a generic identifier.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Lamb. Per pale gules and sable, a lamb passant argent and in sinister chief a mullet Or.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for guards of the Sovereign and Consort. (Fieldless) A ram's skull per pale gules and sable.

The term guards of the Sovereign and Consort is a generic identifier.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for the Equestrian Champion. (Fieldless) A chamfron argent within and conjoined with a pair of hames per pale gules and sable.

Equestrian Champion is a generic identifier.

A pair of hames is the heraldic term for a horse collar.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for the Bardic Champion. Per pale gules and sable, an open book and three lutes one and three argent.

Bardic Champion is a generic identifier.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Arrow and Bolt. Per pale gules and sable, a crossbow between in base two sheaves of arrows argent.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for the Thrown Weapons Champion. Per pale gules and sable, five double bitted axes bendwise sinister in saltire argent.

Thrown Weapons Champion is a generic identifier.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Diamond Chalice.

The order name construction precious stone + chalice is grandfathered to the kingdom.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Order name King's Order of Condatis.

There was some question as to whether the deity Condatis was known to medieval people. The Celtic Encyclopedia by Harry Mountain, pp. 474-475 says:

Condatis was a god who was venerated at sites on the rivers Tyne and Tees as well as at God's Bridge, a natural limestone bridge at Bowes on the Greta river. This was in the territory of the Brigantes who arrived in England by BC 13th century and were still there after the Romans left in AD 407.

It is plausible that this god was still known to the Brigantes in the 5th century, and thus we can give the submitters the benefit of the doubt.

The use of a non-Christian deity in an order name is one step from period practice.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge. Per pale gules and sable, in bend a rose argent barbed and seeded proper between two rams rampant respectant argent.

This was submitted as the badge for the Queen's Order of the Argent Rose, which order name is returned elsewhere on this LoAR.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Mastif Herald.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Shepherds. Per pale gules and sable, a lamb couchant between in fess two shepherd's crooks argent.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Silver Ram. (Fieldless) A fleece within and conjoined with an annulet argent.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for the Rapier Champion. Per pale gules and sable, two rapiers inverted in pile Or and in chief a rose argent, barbed and seeded proper, a bordure argent.

Rapier Champion is a generic identifier.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per pale gules and sable, in pale a rose argent, slipped and seeded proper and two rapiers inverted in chevron Or all within a bordure argent, sufficient commenters noted that the rose is a secondary charge that this need not be pended for further conflict checking.

LOCHAC

Isobel Rosewell. Name.

MERIDIES

Gefroi le Gris. Device. Per bend sinister purpure and vert, two jester's caps Or.

Giric mac Arcill mec Fhinguni. Name and device. Argent, on a lozenge vert between in chief two fox's masks gules a Russian Orthodox cross argent.

The submitter desired an authentic Scottish Gaelic name; this is an excellent 12th C Scottish Gaelic name.

Rosamond Playfayre. Device. Gules, a fess ermine between three hinds statant argent.

Sorcha inghean Ghregoir. Device. Per saltire purpure and argent, a saltire per saltire argent and vert between four Celtic crosses counterchanged.

William de Ekton. Name.

Good name!

MIDDLE

Calybrid Ine Tere. Device. Quarterly sable and argent, a cross counterchanged and in sinister chief a cross crosslet sable.

James Underhill. Device. Argent, a skull sable between three crosses formy gules, a bordure sable.

Sigriðr Þorgeirsdottir. Name change from holding name Valerie of Strikkenwoode.

Submitted as Sirið Þorgiersdottir, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Viking and noted that she cared most about language (unspecified). The Viking Age is generally agreed to have ended with the 1066 invasion of England by William the Conqueror, so this means that there isn't really any such thing as an authentic 12th C Viking name.

No documentation was provided for the spelling Sirið; the closest that the commenters found is the Anglo-Scandinavian form Sirid, dated to 1185 in Fellows Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, s.n. Sigríðr. The standard Old Norse form of the name is Sigríðr, which occurs 8 times in Landnámabók.

The byname was documented from Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name, but he lists the given name Þorgeirr, not Þorgierr, occurring 51 times in Landnámabók. We have changed the name to Sigriðr Þorgeirsdottir to retain the language of the name and to partially meet her request for authenticity.

This item was pended on the December 2007 LoAR.

Þórormr Snorrason. Name and device. Azure, a bee and in chief three drinking horns Or.

Listed on the LoI as Þiórormr Snorrason, both the forms and the documentation showed the name as Þórormr Snorrason. We have corrected the name to match the documentation.

Victorius Suspectus. Name change from Andrew Bend.

The submitter requested authenticity for Roman, any period. While we have not found any examples of Suspectus, it is plausible based on other examples of past participles used as cognomina, such as Spectatus and Speratus, which were used by Roman soldiers. The earliest date that we have for Victorius is the early 6th C; this name is thus most appropriate for a man living in the Eastern Roman empire in the 6th C.

His previous name, Andrew Bend, is released.

This item was pended on the December 2007 LoAR.

Vitus Aurelius. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Roman, any period. During the classical era, it was more common to put the cognomen before the nomen (e.g., Aurelius Vitus), but as Loyall notes,

Johnston's Private Life of the Romans (http://www.forumromanum.org/life/johnston_2.html) has these comments on the order of elements in Roman names:

When two only of the three names are thus used in familiar intercourse, the order varies. If the praenomen is one of the two, it always stands first, except in the poets, for metrical reasons, and in a few places in prose where the text is uncertain. If the praenomen is omitted, the arrangement varies; the older writers regularly put the cognomen first. Cicero usually follows this practice: cf. Ahala Servilius, (Milo 3,8); contrast C. Servilius Ahala, (Cat. I, 1,3). Caesar puts the nomen first; Horace, Livy, and Tacitus have both arrangements, while Pliny the Younger adheres to Caesar's usage.

Harold L. Axtell, "Men's Names in the Writings of Cicero", Classical Philology, Vol. 10, No. 4, (Oct., 1915), pp. 386-404 (available on JSTOR at http://www.jstor.org/stable/261629) counts 46 examples of nomen - cognomen in Cicero's letters, plus 4 more by his correspondents, versus 56 examples of cognomen - nomen, plus 10 more by his correspondents. Axtell also notes (footnote 5, p. 396) that Cicero referred to the same individual in both orders in at least one case: the <Atilius Calatinus> of Pro Plancio becomes <Calatinos Atilios> in Pro Sestio.

Thus, the submitted form is also plausible for the classical era.

This item was pended on the December 2007 LoAR.

NORTHSHIELD

Adeliz de la Tour. Name and device. Vert, on a bend sable fimbriated, three martlets palewise argent.

Æðelwald Balt. Name.

Submitted as Æ{d-}elwalh Balt, both the forms and the documentation had the given name as Æðelwalh. The Croatian slashed-d and the edh are not the same letter, and care should be taken that the correct letter is used in the preparation of LoIs.

The submitter requested authenticity for 7th C Northumbria. The spelling Æðelwalh is found in Ælfwyn æt Gyrwum, "Anglo-Saxon Names", as a normalized form of a name recorded in Bede's A History of the English Church and People as Aedilualch. This Aedilualch is a king of the South Saxons, living in the late 7th century. He is the only person in the Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England database with this name, but PASE gives a number of recorded forms of the name besides Aedilualch. The name was recorded as Aethelwalch in Stephen of Ripon's life of S. Wilfrid, composed in Latin in the early 8th century; Aþelwold in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle <661> B, 661 C; Æðelwold in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 661 E; and Æþelwald in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 661 AG. These spellings support Æðelwald as an authentic 7th C spelling of the given name. Lacking 7th C examples of the name ending in -lh, the submitted spelling is not authentic for that period.

The only clear example of the byname Balt that was found is from Domesday Book. Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 341-342 notes that it is just as likely from Old French balt, bault as from Old English bald, beald. As such, we cannot confirm that this is an authentic pre-Conquest Old English byname. We have changed the name to Æðelwald Balt to partially meet his request for authenticity. The temporal disparity of more than 300 years between the date for the given name and the date for the byname is one step from period practice, but we're willing to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Balt represents the Old English byname, which means that there is not another step from period practice for lingual disparity.

Blachemere, Canton of. Branch name.

Nice name!

Cera de Shetland. Name.

Submitted Cera of Sealtainn, the byname violated RfS III.1.a by combining English of with Gaelic Sealtainn in the same phrase. Additionally, no documentation was provided that Sealtainn is a period name of the Shetland Isles. Lacking evidence that it was found before 1600, Sealtainn is not registerable. The Diplomatarium Norvegicum vol. 19, no. 328 dated 1289 lists in Latin contexts one Thorwaldu[s] de Shetland. As the submitter allows all changes, we have changed the name to Cera de Shetland in order to register it.

Ciarán Oaker Sword. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Ciarán Oakensword, no documentation was provided and none found by the commenters that Oakensword follows patterns of period English bynames. Since the submitter allows all changes and has no preferences, we have changed the name to Ciarán Oaker Sword, which is similar in sound and appearance. Oaker is dated to 1279 in Reaney & Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames s.n. Oaker; it means 'dweller by the oak'. Reaney & Wilson s.n. Sword date Swerd to 1297 and s.n. Sworder have Swordere dated to 1354, supporting the spelling Sword. The use of two inherited bynames in English is unusual, but registerable without a step from period practice.

The name combines Gaelic and English; this is one step from period practice.

Edward the Tall. Device. Argent, two oarlocks in saltire and on a chief azure three garbs Or.

Blazoned on the LoI as hayforks, hayforks have three straight tines while the charges in submission have two 'tines' which curve outward at the end. Siebmacher, Johann Siebmachers Wappenbuch von 1605, plate 108, in the left column has a charge which matches the current submission nearly perfectly. Stemmario Trivulziano, which has the same charge, blazons these as 'scalmi', which translates as 'oarlocks'. Therefore, we have blazoned these charges as oarlocks.

Emelye Ambroys. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Eoin Mac Conmera. Name and device. Sable, on a cauldron argent a quill pen bendwise sinister azure.

Listed on the LoI as Eion Mac Conmera, a timely correction to Eoin Mac Conmera was issued. This name combines Gaelic and anglicized Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

The device is clear of Brekke Franksdottir's device Sable, a cooking pot hanging from a tripod above a flame in base argent. There is a CD for the removal of the secondary flame and a CD for the addition of the tertiary quill pen.

Ermina Soutere. Name and device. Per pale ermine and purpure, a chevron and chief counterchanged.

Isolde Rosaker. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Isolde Raysacre, the name was originally submitted as Isolde Roseacre and changed in kingdom because no documentation for Roseacre could be found. Watts, Cambridge Dictionary of English Placenames, s.n. Roseacre dates the form Rosaker to 1569. It is plausible that this spelling could also have been used as an inherited byname in the 16th century. We have changed the name to Isolde Rosaker to make it closer to the originally submitted form.

James de Hagethorn and Kori Redjohan. Joint household name House de Hagethorn.

This conflicts with Hawthorn Hall, registered to Siranna of Hawthorn Hall. The submitters have a letter of permission to conflict with Hawthorn Hall from Siranna.

Some commenters noted that House de Hagethorn should not be registerable barring period examples of household names of the form House + <byname>, and that this should be changed to House of Hagethorn to match period examples of household names following the pattern House of <inherited surname>. This same issue was presented, and noted in commentary, in the original submission of the household name, and was not given as a reason for return then. Precedent notes that:

The Laurel office has been known to give the benefit of the doubt to a submission when a possible problem was not mentioned in the previous return, but was present in the previous submission and was clearly visible to Laurel when viewing the submission [LoAR 06/2003].

Since the issue with the construction was brought up in commentary on the original submission, and was not given as a reason for return, we feel it would be unfair of us to change the submission for this reason now.

Jararvellir, Barony of. Badge (see RETURNS for other badges and heraldic title). (Fieldless) In pale dependant from a label dovetailed of five points azure a fish haurient Or.

John Bartholomew of Flanders. Device. Sable, a decrescent argent between three plates.

Khattab al-Nabil. Name and device. Purpure, a camel statant and a bordure Or.

Listed on the LoI as Khattab _Nabil, a timely letter of correction was issued changing the name to Khattab al-Nabil, the name listed on the forms and supported by the documentation.

Kristyan Applegate. Name change from Kristin Leifsdottir.

Conflict was called with Christina Applegate, the name of a contemporary American actress. Because Christian and Christina were variants of the same name and were used interchangeably, the two names are in conflict; the question is whether this actress is important enough to protect from conflict. Looking at the various criteria discussed on the November 2004 Cover Letter, we note that the actress is not a sovereign ruler and she did not flourish in the time and place that the society covered. On the other hand, the surname, which is rather rare, makes it difficult to call the name ordinary, and the commenters were split roughly 50/50 in terms of recognition of the name and/or belief in whether the actress's contributions to current culture render her significant enough to protect. Because the actress does not have her own entry in the on-line Encyclopedia Britannica, we believe she is not important enough to protect from conflict.

Her previous name, Kristin Leifsdottir, is retained as an alternate name.

Reinholdt von Trollenhagen. Heraldic will.

His heraldic will specifies that, upon his death, he grants permission to conflict for armory that is "not identical to [his] registered armory (any blazonable difference)." The will lists his device (Per pale Or and azure, two chevronels and a chief, all counterchanged), and both badges (Per pale Or and azure, a chevron and a chief counterchanged, and (Fieldless) A saltorel of chain Or.).

Robert le Maillier. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Robert le Mailier, the documentation showed the byname as le Maillier. We have made this correction. Please advise the submitter that the byname means "the enameller", not "the mailer (maker of chain mail)".

Ruadnat Ruad ingen ui Briain. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Skjaldv{o,}r Kormáksdóttir. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Skjaldør Kormáksdottir, the given name was changed in kingdom from Skjaldvör to match the documentation. However, the documentation, Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name, shows the form Skjaldv{o,}r. As no documentation was provided for dropping the v or changing the o-ogonek to the o-slash, we have changed the name to the documented form. We have also added the accent to the byname, as precedent requires that accents be used or dropped uniformly in Norse names.

OUTLANDS

Bardolf Gundwaldtsson. Name change from Jeffery Paul Gundwaldtsson (see RETURNS for device).

His previous name, Jeffery Paul Gundwaldtsson, is released.

Carloman Macht. Device. Vert, in pale a crescent pendant and an increscent, a bordure Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the bordure wider.

Catherine of St. Golias. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per fess azure and argent, a bow fesswise Or and a domestic cat couchant azure.

The cat should be drawn slightly larger, so as better to fill the space.

Submitted under the name Catherine McLaren.

Catherine of St. Golias. Badge. Azure, in bend sinister three paw prints bendwise sinister argent, the centermost within a bow bendwise string to base Or.

The use of pawprints is a step from period practice.

Catherine Wentworth of Cambridge. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Cerdic Cenfrithes sunu. Name and badge (see RETURNS for device). Gules, an eating fork bendwise sinister argent.

Submitted as Cerdic Cenfrithsson, the byname violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by using Norse genitive grammar and the Norse spelling of 'son' with an Old English given name. Old English given names which end in consonants form their genitives by adding -es, not just -s, and the Old English word for son is sunu (earlier) or sune (later). The submitter requested authenticity for 6th-8th C Saxon. Given the 7th C dates for the elements, the earlier spelling sunu is more appropriate. We have changed the name to Cerdic Cenfrithes sunu to correct the grammar and to meet his request for authenticity.

Gytha Lokheued. Name and device. Per pale sable and vert, on a pale argent three lozenges azure.

The given name was documented from Searle, Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum, which lists Gytha as the normalized Old English form of an undated Old Danish feminine name. As is discussed in more detail on the Cover Letter of this LoAR, many of Searle's headwords are Old English forms of non Old English names, and so his citations cannot be taken, without further information, as plausible Old English names. Checking more reliable sources on Old English names such as Tengvik, Old English Bynames; the Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England; and Sean Miller's database of Anglo-Saxon charters provides no native Old English examples of this name. Fause Losenge provides the following translation of what Boehler, Die altenglischen Frauenamen, p. 21 says of the name:

Although it could perfectly well represent a short form of the OE feminine names in <-gyð>, the name is apparently of Danish origin. The name appears in England in the 11th c., and all of its bearers are Danish by birth, as for example Gyða 'Haroldes modor' ASChr. a. 1067, the wife of Earl Godwine (cf. K 926) and mother of Eadgyð (the wife of King Edward the Confessor) and Harold II; she is also frequently mentioned in Domesday Book as Ghida, Gida, and Gueda, with the title 'comitissa' or 'mater Heraldi comitis'. Her son Harold II also had a daughter named Gyða (whose mother was probably Eadgyð Swanneshals, according to Freeman). So far as I know, Harold's daughter is the only Gyða who was not of purely Danish descent, but even she was probably named after her Danish grandmother.

Sveriges Medeltida Personnamn, s.n. Gydha, dates the spelling Gytha to 1259. Using that documentation to support the submitted form Gytha, this name is registerable, with one step from period practice for combining Swedish and English.

Muirgheal inghean Shitheach. Alternate name Gríma sjóna.

Listed on the LoI as Grima Sjóna, the documentation showed the forms Gríma and sjóna. Precedent requires that accents in Old Norse names be used or dropped uniformly throughout. Additionally, precedent also says that descriptive bynames which are not based on proper nouns and proper adjectives should not be capitalized. We have changed the name to Gríma sjóna to match the documentation and conform to current precedent.

The byname means "seeress". Per past precedent, this is not presumptuous:

"Fáid means seer or prophet. Some doubts were raised in commentary about the appropriateness of such a byname. However, The Dictionary of the Irish Language glosses it in the same fashion as Druid. Since we would register [Name] the Druid, [Name] the seer or prophet is also acceptable." (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1997, p. 1)

Nathaniel Hayes. Name.

Ótama in glaða. Name.

Submitted as Ótama inn glaði, adjectival bynames in Old Norse must agree in gender with the given name. Ótama is a feminine name, and so the byname also needs to be feminine. We have corrected the name to Ótama in_ glaða in order to register it.

Robert Moffat. Device. Per saltire azure and gules, a saltire between in pale two mullets argent.

Tancorix mac Cait. Name.

Submitted as Tancorix of Cait, the byname of Cait violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining English of with Gaelic Cait in the same phrase. Additionally, while the place name Caithness derives from Cait, Cait is not the name of a place and so it is incorrect to use it in a locative byname. Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "A Consideration of Pictish Names", II.B.1 gives Cait as the name of one of the seven sons of the legendary king Cruithne and also references one Aenbecan mac Cait Olfinecta. We have changed the name to Tancorix mac Cait, following the example in Tangwystyl's article, in order to register it.

Tatiana Grigor'evna. Name.

William Heron. Name and device. Per chevron azure and vert, three heron's heads erased argent.

The documentation for the name was inadequately summarized. The LoI merely listed sources and page numbers for both elements, and gave no indication what the sources said about the name elements. Had the commenters not provided alternative documentation for the name, we would have been forced to pend or return it.

Properly drawn heron's heads, with the tuft and sharp beak, are significantly different from swan's heads. As such, this is clear of Laurence of Kennedy, Azure, three swan's heads couped argent. There is one CD for the field and one CD for the change of type of bird head.

Wolfhart Strobel. Name.

Wolfhram St. James. Name.

Submitted as Wulfhramn St. James, no documentation was provided for the given name. Müller, Gunter, Studien zu den Theriophoren Personennamen der Germanen (Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 1970), pp. 7, 55, gives Wolfhram, Wolfram, Wolframmus, and Wolferam as Bavarian forms from the 12th C or earlier. We have changed the name to Wolfhram_ St. James as this spelling is most similar to what was submitted.

St. James is the submitter's legal surname. While scribal abbreviations, such as St. for Saint, are in general not registerable, they are registerable when they are documented via the legal name allowance, as is the case here.

TRIMARIS

Aodhagán Mac Taidg. Name and device. Purpure, a boar rampant and in sinister chief a mullet of four points argent.

The given name Aodhagán was documented from a header spelling in MacLysaght, The Surnames of Ireland. As ruled on the July 2007 Cover Letter, MacLysaght is no longer acceptable as the sole source of documentation for any name element. Luckily, Aodhagán also occurs in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in the Irish Annals", as the standardized Early Modern Irish form of a name found in 1443. This allows us to register the name as submitted.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the boar more centrally on the field.

Arsl{a-}n von Drakenburg. Name and device. Per saltire sable and gules, a lion guardant argent maintaining in its mouth a sword fesswise reversed sable hilted and pommelled Or, in chief a fleur-de-lys Or.

Submitted as Arslaan von Drakenburg, the doubled aa is an ASCII transcription system for Arabic long a; this is more standardly indicated with the use of a macron, represented in Da'ud notation as {a-}. We have changed the name to Arsl{a-}n von Drakenburg to correct the transcription.

This name combines an Arabic form of an originally Turkish given name with a German byname. Both Siren and Loyall have provided evidence for significant contact between German-speakers and Arabic-speakers, which is required for registration. In addition to the contact resulting from the Crusades, Siren notes:

The Teutonic Knights (and their predecessors) maintained facilities for German visitors to the Holy Land from 1143 to 1198. Then they were centered out of either Acre or the castle of Montfort for most of the 13th century, until they left in 1291 (wikipedia.org s.nn. Teutonic Knights, Montfort Castle). So there were a substantial number of Germans in this area for well over a century.

And Loyall cites a facsimile of a 16th century Turkish/German glossary, available at http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/0002/bsb00025554/images/index.html?seite=44. Given this information, names combining Arabic and German are registerable, but they are a step from period practice.

Celine Alexandria. Device. Argent, a palm tree proper and in chief an eye azure irised argent.

Christofle Dubois. Device. Argent, a bend sinister between two talbot's heads couped, a chief embattled sable.

Cicilia d'Este. Name and device. Gules, two roundels Or and a hind's head couped argent.

Submitted as Gules, a hind's head couped argent and in chief two roundels Or, the bottom charge of a two and one arrangement is frequently drawn slightly larger than the two in chief, as they are in the emblazon; the impression here is of three co-primary charges drawn in a period fashion.

This is clear of the armory of the Holy Roman Empire, Arch-Steward of the, Gules, an orb Or. There is not substantial difference between an orb and a roundel, so X.2. does not apply, but since they were considered distinct charges in period, there is significant difference. There is, therefore, a CD for the change in number of the primary charge group and a CD for the change in type of the primary charge group.

Sufficient commenters noted that they checked this as a single group of three co-primary charges that this need not be pended for further research.

Cristall Gowanlok. Name and device. Per chevron gules and sable, a dragon contourny and a bordure embattled argent.

Eirene of Marcaster. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a bend sinister wavy purpure between a mullet of nine points voided and interlaced and a dove rising azure.

Submitted under the name Eirene Agapia apo Mytilene.

Elena María Alonso. Name and device. Vert, a pall sable fimbriated Or and overall a sun argent.

Per the June 2008 Cover Letter, and the registration of the device of Faolán Ó Sirideáin that month, overall charges surmounting fimbriated ordinaries are allowed as long as identifiability is preserved, which it is in this case.

Elyn of Darkwater. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a horse salient to sinister sable within a bordure wavy vert.

Submitted under the name Elyn verch Gwilim.

Énán MacCarbre. Name.

The documentation for the given name was not adequately summarized on the LoI, as no information was provided concerning what the source had to say about the element. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.

Additionally, the fact that the name was originally submitted as Ena'n MacCarbre and changed in kingdom was not mentioned on the LoI. As the June 2008 Cover Letter says, this is also grounds for pends or return. However, in this case, the information about the change was supplied in commentary once the lack was pointed out. We therefore do not need to pend this name.

This combines Old/Middle Irish with Scots; this is one step from period practice.

Ghita Amati. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and gules, two dragonflies counterchanged.

Jakeline Fayrchild. Name.

Jehannette de Lille. Device. Gules, a pall between three roundels two and one and two bees Or.

This device is not simple for purposes of X.2, since it has three different types of charge directly on the field. Therefore, we must consider the device of Geirdís Valsdóttir, Gules, a club inverted Or within an orle of bezants. There is one CD for the change of type of primary charge. Examination of Geirdís' submission form shows that it has thirteen roundels. There is therefore a second CD for the change in number of secondary charges, and the two devices are clear.

Máel Dúin Dubh mac Diarmada. Name and device. Per chevron sable and gules, a chevron between three mullets Or.

Listed on the LoI as Maol Dúin Dubh mac Diarmada, the name was originally submitted as Mael Dúin Dubh mac Diarmada and changed in kingdom. However, no mention of this change was made on the LoI, and the fact that the name was changed only came up in commentary. Normally, failure to give the full history of a name submission would be cause for pend or return. In this case, Rowel provided information about the registerability of the originally submitted form:

The only problem I see with registerability of the original name is lack of one accent (as we require them to be used or omitted uniformly).

In the original name of <Mael Dúin Dubh mac Diarmada>, there's an accent missing in the first word, it should be <Máel>. <Máel Dúin Dubh mac Diarmada> would be registerable, though not authentic as it combines Middle Gaelic with Early Modern Gaelic.

We have changed the name to Máel Dúin Dubh mac Diarmada, as this is closer to the originally submitted form. As Rowel notes, the name has one step from period practice for the lingual combination.

This device is clear of that of Mariposa de los Montoyas, Per chevron sable and gules, a chevron between three butterflies Or, wings voided. There is a CD for the type of secondary charge group. Since the butterflies are of a style formerly referred to as 'chased', there is a CD for the tincture of the secondary charge group. The butterflies' wings are nearly entirely red or black, with a thin yellow outline, which makes up more than half the charge.

Raynagh Mac Shane. Name and device. Gules, a cross couped between in bend sinister two clarions bendwise sinister, a bordure embattled Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw fewer and larger repeats on the bordure.

Thomas Wright of Lancaster. Name and device. Argent, in bend three triremes reversed azure and a chief wavy azure semy-de-lys argent.

Toran Saraev. Name (see PENDS for device).

Submitted as Taran Saraev, the LoI stated that Taran was dated to 1543 in Paul Wickenden of Thanet, Dictionary of Period Russian Names 2nd ed., s.n. Taran. However, the spelling dated to 1543 in that source is actually Toran; Taran is a header spelling which is undated in both the 2nd and 3rd ed. of Paul's work. Lacking evidence that Taran is a period form of this name, it is not registerable. We have changed the name to Toran Saraev to match the documentation.

WEST

Aasa Thorvaldsdottir. Name and device. Argent semy of musical notes, on a fess azure an otter statant Or.

Submitted as Áasa Thorvaldsdottir, both the forms and the documentation showed the given name as Aasa. We have made this correction.

Please instruct the submitter to draw fewer and larger musical notes.

Anne of Cloondara. Name.

Cloondara is the name of an SCA branch.

Bianca Lucia da Como. Name and device. Per pale azure and vert, a sun and on a chief Or an ivy vine proper.

Cormac MacKay. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Cormac_ MacKay, the name was written on the forms as Cormack MacKay. However, no mention of this discrepancy or the reason for changing the name was given on the LoI. We remind submissions heralds that this information must be provided whenever a name is changed in kingdom (see the June 2008 Cover Letter for a fuller discussion of this issue). In this case, the forms also say that the submitter preferred the spelling Cormac, and this was the form documented on the LoI. This allows us to register the name without pending it for further commentary.

Darren Pantyr. Name.

Darren is the submitter's legal given name.

Emrys Coedwig. Device. Per fess argent and azure, two oak trees fructed eradicated proper and a dragon displayed Or winged and gorged of a collar argent.

Étaín du Pommier. Badge. (Fieldless) A trefoil per saltire Or and sable.

Gabrielle du Chesne. Name and device. Per fess vert and Or, a sun and a fleur-de-lys counterchanged.

Submitted as Gabrielle Lechesne, Lechesne was documented as the name of a place; lacking examples of unmarked locatives in French, Lechesne is not registerable as a byname. The correct locative byname based on Lechesne or Le Chesne is du Chesne; this byname is found in 1421 and 1438 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, and 1438." Though the submitter does not allow major changes, she has explicitly allowed the change from Lechesne to du Chesne; we have changed the name to Gabrielle du Chesne in order to register it.

Gelis of Balwery. Name and device. Per pale purpure and Or, two wolves sejant respectant ululant and a pine tree eradicated counterchanged.

The use of the posture ululant is a step from period practice.

Gerin Nytzmanskinde. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Gerin Niemandskind_, the byname was documented as a header spelling from Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen. Header spellings from this source are only registerable if it is demonstrated that they are consistent with period forms. No such evidence was provided in this case. The only dated citation found in this entry is for Nytzmanskinde 1374. We have changed the name to Gerin Nytzmanskinde to match the documentation in order to register the name.

Jocelyn of Rowenwood. Device. Per fess vert and argent, two trees eradicated counterchanged.

This is not a conflict with Isabela Damiana Diez de Medina y Sandoval, Per fess vert and argent, an elephant statant argent and a tree blasted and eradicated proper. Isabela's tree is entirely brown. There is a CD for the change of type of half the charge group from tree to elephant and another for the change of tincture of half the charge group from entirely green to entirely brown.

Padraig Mactyre. Device. Per saltire argent and vert, a wolf rampant azure sustaining a spear gules.

Ruaidhrí Mac Diarmada. Device. Argent, a fess nowy azure charged with a plate.

The first explicit registration of a fess nowy in the SCA was in October 2007 in the reblazon of a device from August 1982. At the time, Wreath said: "A fess nowy would be equivalent to a fess surmounted by a roundel; we have no evidence of fesses nowy in period, but in this case it's grandfathered to the submitter." The use of the grandfather clause points out that the charge was not documented, and therefore not allowed in future submissions without documentation.

This submitter produced copious documentation for the charge, none of which included reliable dates that showed the use of the fess nowy in period heraldry. Thankfully, White Antelope provided a citation from a source which appears to be from the 15th century. Therefore, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this device.

Snorri Randulfsson. Name and device. Per pale argent and vert, three crescents conjoined in pall, horns outward, counterchanged.

The submitter requested authenticity for the migration/Viking era. During this period, the appropriate language is Old Norse. However, the byname, Randulfsson, was documented as Norwegian. Randulf and its variants are late borrowings of Continental Germanic Randulf. The earliest example of the name that we have found in Scandinavia is in Danish from 1332 (Knudsen Gunnar, Marius Kristiansen, & Rikard Hornby, Danmarks Gamle Personnavne, Vol. I: Fornavne (Copenhagen: 1936-48), s.n. Randulf). Lacking evidence for a form of this name in Scandinavia during the Viking era, this name is not authentic. If the submitter is interested in a similar byname which would make the name authentic, we recommend Rauðúlfs son; Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name, notes that the masculine given name Rauðúlfr occurs in Landnámabók once.

Solange of Vinhold. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Purpure, two besoms in saltire Or and on a chief argent a roundel between an increscent and a decrescent purpure.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the besoms (brooms) larger

Submitted under the name Solange au Bon Coeur.

Solange of Vinhold. Badge. (Fieldless) Two besoms in saltire Or.

- Explicit littera accipiendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

AN TIR

Summits, Principality of the. Award name Award of the Gryphon's Paw.

This is being returned because it does not follow any of the known meta-patterns for order or award names (as outlined on the August 2005 Cover Letter). Though the name was justified on the LoI as following the "heraldic charge" meta-pattern, while griffins are period heraldic charges, no evidence was provided that their paws were either period heraldic charges or are compatible with period heraldic charges. It is unlikely that such evidence could be provided; separated from the rest of the griffin, a "griffin's paw" will either be an eagle's jambe or a lion's jambe.

ANSTEORRA

Rhieinwylydd Dryslwyn. Name and device. Azure, a panther rampant guardant argent spotted sable incensed proper and on a chief argent three caltrops sable.

Rhieinwylydd is the standardized modern form of the name of the mother of Saint Iltud (or Illtud or Illtyd) who lived in the late 5th/early 6th C; in a 12th C Latin-language life of that saint, the name is recorded as Rieingulid. The saint's mother is the only person with this name that we have found. As such, it would only be registerable in a form appropriate for the 5th-6th C; neither Rieingulid nor Rhieinwylydd is such a form. Lacking evidence that the name was used in the 12th C, Rieingulid is not registerable, and lacking evidence that Rhieinwylydd was used at all before modern times, that form is not registerable. We cannot change the name to a form appropriate for 5th-6th C because we do not have information on what that form would be.

The flames of the panther are not proper, they are gules fimbriated Or. This has been cause for return since April 1995. Please see that month's Cover Letter for further details on the correct depiction of flames proper.

ATENVELDT

Margareta Marrian. Device. Per bend sinister argent and Or, in bend a hummingbird rising contourny vert, beaked, winged and tailed sable, throated gules and argent, maintaining in its beak a threaded needle sable, and an arrow bendwise sinister inverted proper fletched vert.

This is returned for being excessively complex and for the unblazonable posture of the thread.

With four charge types (bird, arrow, needle, thread) and six tinctures (argent, Or, sable, vert, gules, brown), this submission has a complexity count of ten. While we routinely register armory that exceeds our suggested limit of eight, we require that the armory in question have good period style. The use of a hummingbird is a step from period practice, per the December 2007 Cover Letter, which means this design is not good period style.

The position of the thread in the submission, depicted as wound around the arrow, cannot be blazoned. The Rules for Submission, section VII.7.b, states that "Elements that cannot be described in such a way that the depiction of the armory will remain consistent may not be used, even if they are identifiable design motifs that were used before 1600."

On resubmission, the charges in the primary group should be centered in their sections instead of crowding the line of division.

Mederic de Chastelerault and Ameera al-Sarrakha. Household name House Steel Fang.

This is returned for lack of evidence that it follows period patterns of household names in English. The LoI justified the name as following the inn-sign pattern of household names and meaning 'noose, trap made of steel'. However, no examples of similar type sign names were provided; all of the provided examples were much simpler and used the every day terms for items, e.g. the Hamere 1426, the Bell 1307, 1522, the Shippe 1423, the Sword 1380, 1470, all found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "English Sign Names". Based on these examples, we'd expect an inn whose sign had a noose on it to be called the Noose, not the Steel Fang.

The submitters noted that if House Steel Fang was not acceptable, they'd accept House Steel and Fang. However, by the same argument as given in the previous paragraph, an inn whose sign had a noose and a fire-steel on it would likely have been called the Steel and Noose, not the Steel and Fang.

Finally, we note that none of the examples of household names based on signs that were provided on the LoI or in commentary support the pattern House [of] X. Instead, the documented patterns include X (with no designator; note that this pattern is not registerable as it violates RfS III.2.b), X Inn, X Tavern, X Brewhouse, and Sign of X.

Rollo the Walker. Name.

This is returned for conflict with Rollo the Walker, one name under which Hrolfr gangr, the founder of the duchy of Normandy, is commonly known in modern times. Hrolfr is effectively a sovereign ruler, and is thus automatically protected. RfS V.1.c Historical Personal Names says that "Protected historical personal names are protected in all of the forms in which they commonly appear." While a significant number of the websites cited by the commenters call Hrolfr Rollo the Walker because Wikipedia does so and they have derived their content from Wikipedia, this is not an argument that Rollo the Walker is not a name under which the duke is commonly known. In fact, given the high access rate of Wikipedia, and the fact that so many sites copy their information from that site, we would not be surprised if name forms used in Wikipedia become, in the future, perhaps the only form under which a historical person's name is known, for at least some people. Additionally, a number of commenters noted that this name immediately brought to mind Hrolfr.

His device has been registered under the holding name Rollo of Mons Tonitrus.

Varsonofii syn Zakhar'iashev Olyechnov. Badge. (Fieldless) A mullet voided surmounted by a spider inverted argent.

As drawn, there are difficulties with identifiability of the charges. This is a violation of RfS VIII.3, which requires that "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability." Neither the spider nor the mullet can be distinguished. It may be impossible to emblazon this design in a fashion that allows both charges to be recognized. The fact that the two charges share tinctures adds to the problem.

ATLANTIA

Bj{o,}rn inn hávi. Badge. Per pale sable and Or, two wyverns combatant maintaining between them a roundel counterchanged.

Conflict with Aeruin na Cantairechet Sreagan, Per pale sable and Or, two dragons combatant within a bordure counterchanged. There is a single CD for the removal of the bordure, but no difference is granted for adding the maintained charge or the distinction between wyverns and dragons.

Ricard Tanner. Name.

This conflicts with Richard von Tanne. The given names are insignificantly different in sound and appearance. Tanner can either be an occupational byname meaning 'tanner' or a locative byname meaning 'man from Tanne'. RfS V.1.a.ii says that "Two bynames are significantly different if they look and sound significantly different. In general the addition or deletion of prepositions and articles is not significant." The preposition von does not contribute any difference, so we must compare Tanner vs. Tanne with respect to their sound and appearance. The only difference is the addition of a single terminal letter. This is not significant visual difference, and so the bynames also conflict.

BATONVERT

None.

CALONTIR

Conchobhar mac an Druaidh. Badge. (Fieldless) In fess a 'Maltese' cross fitchy sable sustained by a horse salient argent.

This is returned for non-blazonability of the cross. The May 2007 Cover Letter explicitly defines the proper way to draw a Maltese cross: "Properly drawn, a Maltese cross should have four deeply notched arms, converging to a central point (or very nearly); and each arm should take up an angle as wide as the space between the arms." That cover letter discussion also provides an illustration. Maltese crosses should also have arms of equal length. The cross in the submission does not fit this definition, nor is there a term for this sort of cross, so we are forced to return it.

Yamamoto Yukiko. Device. Azure, three chevrons braced and in chief five gouttes in arch all within a bordure argent.

This device is returned because the gouttes are clearly in arch and the form blazons them as such. This practice is disallowed by precedent: "This device must be returned for using an arch of charges, a practice long forbidden in SCA heraldry." [01/2005 Atlantia R-Timothy of Shaftesbury].

DRACHENWALD

Nicholas de Estleche, dictus le Tardif. Device. Per chevron sable and vert, a tower argent and in base a garb Or.

This armory is returned for blurring the distinction between a per chevron line of division and a point pointed. A properly drawn per chevron line of division should have a much steeper line, with the top point being well above where these two lines meet. The problem is compounded both by the tower obscuring the intersection of the per chevron line and by the common use of vert mountains as peripheral charges in period heraldry.

EALDORMERE

Ewander Maclachlan. Device. Gules, on a dance sable fimbriated a three towered castle between two unicorns rampant respectant argent.

This is returned for a redraw. The 'fimbriation' in this device is too thin to be considered such. If the submitter wishes to resubmit this device, he should be instructed to draw the fimbriation wider, so that it is more noticeable.

EAST

None.

GLEANN ABHANN

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Argent Keystone.

Heraldic tincture names are only registerable in order names if they were also used as the regular every day names for those colors. Past precedent ruled that argent is not such a color term, and no documentation allowing us to overturn this precedent was provided on the LoI:

[Sentinels' Keep, Barony of. Order name for Order of the Silver Crane] Submitted as Order of the Argent Crane, there is no evidence that English used argent as an adjective. Therefore, we have changed it to silver as they allow. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1998, p. 2)

And from the August 2005 Cover Letter on order name patterns:

Therefore, since heraldic objects may be found in any heraldic tincture, the ordinary color name for any heraldic tincture may be used as part of an order name when combined with a heraldic charge (which, if applied to the example above, gives us the "Order of the Green Lion," a perfectly ordinary name.)...This does not overturn the precedent disallowing the registration of Orders of the form heraldic tincture name + object in English, since we have no examples of English order names that use heraldic tincture names.

We would change the name to Order of the White Keystone, but this would be a major change, which the submitters do not allow.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Combattant Rams. (Fieldless) Two ram's heads erased fesswise respectant conjoined at the forehead and horns argent armed Or.

This submission was withdrawn by the submitter.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge. (Fieldless) On a lozenge per pale gules and sable, a chalice argent.

This armory was submitted as the badge for the Order of the Diamond Chalice.

Since a lozenge is a medium for heraldic display, this badge must be checked as Per pale gules and sable, a chalice argent. As such, it is in conflict with Kathleen Erin-go-burn-the-Bragh, Vert, a chalice argent containing flames Or. There is a CD for the field, but none for the flames, by precedent:

Conflict with Kathleen Erin-go-burne-the-Bragh, Vert, a chalice argent containing flames Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness, but the flames are not large enough to count for difference. [Kiena Munro, 11/99 R-Atenveldt]

Please inform the submitters that a charged lozenge is not registerable as a fieldless badge. Since a lozenge is a medium for heraldic display, we consider all such submissions as being fielded armory, and register them as such.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Sable Banner.

Heraldic tincture names are only registerable in order names if they were also used as the regular every day names for those colors:

Therefore, since heraldic objects may be found in any heraldic tincture, the ordinary color name for any heraldic tincture may be used as part of an order name when combined with a heraldic charge (which, if applied to the example above, gives us the "Order of the Green Lion," a perfectly ordinary name.)...This does not overturn the precedent disallowing the registration of Orders of the form heraldic tincture name + object in English, since we have no examples of English order names that use heraldic tincture names. [CL 08/2005]

No evidence was provided that sable was used as the ordinary color term for black in English. We would change the name to Order of the Black Banner, but this would be a major change, which the submitters do not allow.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Order name Queen's Order of the Argent Rose.

This is being returned for the use of a heraldic tincture name which was not also the ordinary every day color term, and for presumption.

Heraldic tincture names are only registerable in order names if they were also used as the regular every day names for those colors. Past precedent ruled that argent is not such a color term, and no documentation which would allow us to overturn this precedent was provided on the LoI:

[Sentinels' Keep, Barony of. Order name for Order of the Silver Crane] Submitted as Order of the Argent Crane, there is no evidence that English used argent as an adjective. Therefore, we have changed it to silver as they allow. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1998, p. 2)

And from the August 2005 Cover Letter on order name patterns:

Therefore, since heraldic objects may be found in any heraldic tincture, the ordinary color name for any heraldic tincture may be used as part of an order name when combined with a heraldic charge (which, if applied to the example above, gives us the "Order of the Green Lion," a perfectly ordinary name.)...This does not overturn the precedent disallowing the registration of Orders of the form heraldic tincture name + object in English, since we have no examples of English order names that use heraldic tincture names.

More problematically, any order name of the form color + rose is presumptuous of the Society's Order of the Rose:

[Household name House Green Rose] This name is too evocative of the Order of the Rose to be registered. Precedent states:

[House Whitrose] Per VI. 4. Other Presumptuous Names - Some names not otherwise forbidden by these rules are nevertheless too evocative of widely known and revered protected items to be registered. Such items include the peerage orders of the Society and such well-known items outside the Society as the Order of the Garter. The House of the Rose and Laurel does not conflict with the Order of the Rose or the Order of the Laurel, but it is too evocative of both to be registered. Similarly, the Award of the Blue Garter is too evocative of the Order of the Garter, whose badge is a blue garter.

This is too close to the Society Peerage order, Order of the Rose, to be registered. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1998, p. 22)

House Green Rose and House Whitrose have the same level of difference from the Order of the Rose. Therefore, House Green Rose is too evocative of Order of the Rose to be registered. [Séamus mac Inneirghe, 05/2003 LoAR, R-Outlands]

The same issue would be true of Order of the Argent Rose even if the use in English of argent as the ordinary color term for the heraldic tincture were demonstrated.

LOCHAC

None.

MERIDIES

None.

MIDDLE

Calyvorri Ine Kill. Device. Per pale Or and purpure, two octopi affronty counterchanged.

This device is returned for three separate reasons, each of which would be sufficient cause for return.

This is returned because the tinctures used on the form blur the line between purpure and gules - the meeting was evenly split as to which tincture this was. Elements of a design must be recognizable solely from their appearance.

It is also returned because the charges are not in a standard, recognizable heraldic posture. The Rules for Submission, section VII.7.a, require that "Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon. Elements that cannot be described in such a way that the depiction of the armory will remain consistent may not be used, even if they are identifiable design motifs that were used before 1600." Since we are unable to accurately blazon the posture, this must be returned.

Lastly, this submission was on a non-standard form. It appears that the entire form was shrunk, and then a non-standard shape escutcheon was overlaid on the form, covering the nearby words. This is a violation of the Administrative Handbook, section IV.C.1, which requires that "all submissions must be made on currently valid forms". Were this the only issue with this device, we might have considered overlooking it this time, but submissions heralds and submitters should not assume that this will be the case in the future.

NORTHSHIELD

Albrecht of Caer Anterth-Mor. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion couchant wearing a barrel helm within and conjoined to an annulet argent.

The lion in this submission is in an arrangement with the annulet that is referred to as 'barely overall' - parts of the beast are overlapping the annulet. Precedent says:

The tree is not within and conjoined to the annulet; it is slightly overall. This type of "slightly overall" charge has long been a cause for return. [Gyldenholt, Barony of, 06/00, R-Caid]

Several members of the College of Arms also claimed identifiability problems with the beast. Since the head and mane are hidden entirely by the helm, and the neck is so out of proportion to the usual stylization of lions, it becomes harder to identify this beast as a lion. Please make the submitter aware of these possible identifiability issues, so they can be addressed on a resubmission.

Anpliça Fiore. Badge. Paly azure and argent, a Great Dane's head couped Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Richard of Ravenwolf, Sable, a wolf's head erased Or, armed argent, orbed sable. There is a CD for the changes to the field, but nothing for the difference between a dog's head and a wolf's head, nothing for the difference between erasing and couping, and nothing for the tincture of the arming or orbing.

On resubmission, the submitter should provide documentation that a Great Dane is a period breed of dog, as this will be the first registration of any part of a Great Dane in the SCA. The OED dates the first citation of the breed name to 1750, which is 100 years past our cut-off date of 1650. Additionally, the submitter should provide documentation for cropping the dog's ears, which appears to be a post-period practice.

Ciarán Oaker Sword. Device. Quarterly gules and sable, a fleur-de-lys Or between in bend two dragons volant bendwise sinister and in bend sinister two acorns argent.

This armory is returned for multiple reasons. First, the dragons appear to be in trian aspect, which is not allowed in Society armory. Secondly, the dragons appear to be, and were blazoned as, volant. Volant dragons are also disallowed in Society armory by the following precedent:

The difficulty here is that the position of a winged beast volant is ill defined. We can recall instances of bodies courant and springing, and would doubtless find others if we searched the files. Since body position has been left to the caprice of the artist, we see no alternative but to disallow this, except in the most extreme cases, as a source of difference. It is our recommendation that, in the future, no winged beast be blazoned as "volant." "Passant, wings elevated and addorsed" (or whatever) -- with a stricture to the designers to place their beasts in suitably heraldic positions to begin with -- would avoid such ambiguities in future coats. [BoE, 3 Aug 86, p.17]

Either of these issues by itself is sufficient cause for return.

Emelye Ambroys. Device. Argent, a heart gules and a bordure vert.

This is being returned for administrative reasons. The emblazon on OSCAR did not match the emblazon on the forms. The OSCAR image is nicely symmetrical, the heart on the forms is obviously hand drawn, as it has the right lobe drawn higher than the left. The Administrative Handbook, section V.B.2.e, requires that "an accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory shall be included on the letter of intent." This has long been interpreted to mean that it should be a true miniature, scan, or photo-reduction of the full size emblazon, and that heraldic equivalence is not sufficient.

Eva of Greenfield. Device. Vert, on pile indented Or a hedgehog proper between two frets couped gules.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability of the "pile indented". On resubmission, the submitter should address the issue raised in the following precedent:

[... on a pale azure a salmon haurient embowed contourny in chief a compass star argent ...] It is not period style to have two different tertiary groups on the same underlying charge. The difference in scale between the salmon and the compass star makes the compass star appear to be in a subsidiary charge group to the salmon. There is precedent pertaining to this matter:

[returning A mullet Or charged with a fleur-de-lys florency between five daggers points outwards sable] None of the commenters could find a similar motif: a primary charged with a tertiary X and a group of five tertiary Y's. Barring documentation of such an arrangement of tertiary charges, we believe that the motif is not a period one and therefore unregisterable. [The submission was returned for this reason and for conflict.] (Esperanza Razzolini d'Asolo, 10/95 p. 15)

[Uma, Shire of, 10/01, R-Drachenwald]

This precedent was upheld as recently as March 2006. The hedgehog and frets have the same problem in this depiction as the fleur-de-lys and daggers did in Esperanza's submission: they appear to be a charge group of a hedgehog between a charge group of frets.

Fearghus mac Aonghais. Name.

Conflict with Fergus MacInnes, registered June 2001 via Æthelmearc, and Fergus MacInnes, registered July 2001 via Atenveldt, (not the same people). Though the bynames are significantly different in spelling, MacInnes is a Scots rendering of the Gaelic byname mac Aonghais. In some pre-1600 Scottish Gaelic dialects, Aonghais is pronounced roughly \#N-@sh\, where \#\ is the vowel formed by positioning your lips to say \ee\ but saying \oo\ instead, and \@\ is the schwa sound. As we protect names on the basis of correct period pronunciations, this means that MacInnes and mac Aonghais are not pronounced significantly differently, and thus conflict.

Jararvellir, Barony of. Heraldic title Catfish Herald.

The earliest date that was found for the term catfish is from 1620. While this is within the grey area, as precedent from October 2003, reaffirmed in October 2004, indicates, we require that heraldic titles based on heraldic charges use period, pre-1600 terms for those charges:

While we register heraldic titles based on the names of charges, we register the period names and spellings of those charges. [LoAR 10/2003, Gorges Pursuivant, An Tir-A]

In order to be registerable as a heraldic title, the name of a heraldic charge must be found in period. [LoAR 10/2004, Octofoil Herald, Artemisia-R]

The case of words dated to the gray area differs from that of names which are dated to the gray area. If we have, say, a 1620 record of some name, then in most cases it is plausible to assume that this person was born before 1600, and hence we can give the benefit of the doubt that the name was used before 1600. The same is not the case with words. If the earliest record that we have for a word is from 1620, this doesn't give us any reason to assume that the word was in use earlier, in particular that it was in use before 1600. So we cannot give the benefit of the doubt in these cases. Hence, without evidence that catfish was used before 1600, it cannot be used in a heraldic title.

We can offer some alternatives. One type of fish which came to be called "catfish" is the wolf fish or the seawolf; both of these names are found before 1600 with Seawolf and Wolf fishe appearing in 1569, and Wolfe fish in 1604, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. wolf-fish. While the submitters allow all changes, because of the significant difference between these two terms and catfish, we are reluctant to change the name to Wolf Fish Herald (note that Sea-Wolf Herald was registered to the Kingdom of the West, for the Principality of the Mists, in April 1981, so this alternative is not an option as it would conflict with this registered title).

Jararvellir, Barony of. Badge. Lozengy argent and azure, a money-bag vert, lined and tied Or.

This is returned for administrative reasons. The image on OSCAR does not match the image on the form. On OSCAR, the azure lozenges are cut evenly in half at the left and right edge of the field. On the forms, more of each azure lozenge is visible, with small triangles of argent lozenges forming part of the edge of the field. Additionally, OSCAR has the tips of the azure lozenges aligned with the top of the field and cut in half at the bottom. On the form, the tips of the azure lozenges are aligned with the bottom of the field and they are not aligned at the top. The Administrative Handbook, section V.B.2.e, requires that "an accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory shall be included on the letter of intent." This has long been interpreted to mean that it should be a true miniature, scan, or photo-reduction of the full size emblazon, and that heraldic equivalence is not sufficient.

Additionally, while the field is technically neutral, it is complicated enough that it hinders the identifiability of the primary charge. RfS VIII.2.a.ii allows "An element equally divided of a color and a metal, and any other element as long as identifiability is maintained". We do not feel that identifiability is maintained in this design. The non-standard 'open' bag contributes to the identifiability problem, as does the fact that the vert bag lies mostly on the azure portions of the field. We suggest using a more standard money-bag, with the mouth tied closed, on resubmission.

Jararvellir, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) On a fountain, a catfish naiant embowed Or.

Since a roundel is a medium for heraldic display, this must be considered as Barry wavy azure and argent, a catfish naiant embowed Or. Considered that way, it is in conflict with the badge of Andrew MacRobb, Per chevron purpure and Or, in chief a salmon embowed Or. There is a CD for the change of field, but nothing for the forced move of Andrew's fish to chief and nothing for the difference between embowed and counter-embowed. Both embowings are artistic variants of non-embowed charges in period, so we do not grant a difference for embowed vs. counter-embowed.

Please inform the submitters that a charged roundel is not registerable as a fieldless badge. Since a roundel is a medium for heraldic display, we consider all such submissions as being fielded armory, and register them as such.

Mor{d-}r Ragnarsson. Device (see PENDS for name). Gyronny arrondi sable and Or, in base a raven migrant sable.

This device is returned for both administrative reasons and for conflict. The emblazon on the form does not match that on OSCAR. The Administrative Handbook, section V.B.2.e requires an "accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory".

The device in conflict with the device of Bran of Cornwall, Vair, a raven displayed sable, the device of Sveinn Grímarsson, Per chevron vair and Or, in base a raven displayed sable, the device of Rurik of Mirkwood, Quarterly gules and argent, a falcon displayed sable, Prussia, Argent, an eagle displayed sable, Germany, Or, an eagle displayed sable, and many other pieces of armory, with only one CD for the field in each case. Precedent states that "there's no heraldic difference between displayed and migrant." [Rowena MacDonald, June, 1993]

It is, however, clear of the arms of Campbell, Duke of Argyll (important non-SCA arms), Gyronny Or and sable by X.1.

Northshield, Kingdom of. Badge for Northshield Unbelted Champions. (Fieldless) Two griffins rampant addorsed, tails conjoined Or, the dexter sustaining a poleax sable and the sinister maintaining a morningstar sable and a shield sable charged with a compass rose argent within a bordure Or.

With six types of charges (gryphon, mace, morningstar, shield, compass rose, and bordure) and three tinctures (Or, sable, and argent), this submission has a complexity count of nine, which exceeds our limit of eight. While we routinely allow designs to exceed the limit if they are good period style, we do not feel that this submission meets that requirement.

The badge is also returned because the bordure on the shield is Or, and it is being placed against an Or griffin, causing identifiability problems.

This submission is not in conflict with Hugh the Undecided, Gules, two griffins segreant addorsed Or. There is a CD for the field. Under our current standards, this poleaxe is 'sustained', which clears the conflict since there is a second CD for change in number of primary charges.

On resubmission, the submitters should be aware that the SCA does not register supporters and many members of the College of Arms thought that the gryphon holding the shield appeared to be a supporter.

Robert le Maillier. Device. Gules, on a fess between two chevrons argent, five annulets interlaced in fess sable.

This device is returned for administrative reasons. The emblazon on OSCAR did not match the emblazon on the form: the chiefmost chevron in OSCAR touches the top of the field, on the submission form the field shows between the peak of the chevron and the top of the field. Additionally, the leftmost annulet on the form is up against the edge of the field, which is not a problem on the OSCAR version.

Ruadnat Ruad ingen ui Briain. Device. Per bend sinister azure and vert, in canton a bezant.

This device conflicts with a badge for the Barony Beyond the Mountain, Per fess azure and vert, in canton a bezant. The submitter obtained permission to conflict, but the permission included the clause "we do hold in reserve that if in the future, we create a new award that conflicts with both armorial blazons, that there be an agreed compliance to the same courtesy." Such clauses are not acceptable under our rules. While Ruadnat could sign a letter of permission to conflict for the barony, that permission could be withdrawn at any time. Since the stipulation in this permission does not allow that option, this is not a valid permission to conflict.

OUTLANDS

Ambrosius von Beck. Name and device. Quarterly paly bendy vert and argent and pily bendy sinister azure and argent, a gryphon sable between three suns in splendor Or.

The byname von Beck was documented from p. 56 of the Journal of the Warburg and Courtland Institutes vol. 40 (1977), which lists a Sybert von Beck, a 14th C Carmelite theologian. However, as far as we can tell, the names in this article were normalized/standardized, so this citation does not provide evidence for von Beck in the 14th century.

Beck is a Low German or Dutch word meaning 'brook' (it is a cognate with High German bach). We have found evidence that it was also used as a proper place name, e.g., in the following names: Maria Van Beck and Elizabeth van Beke, married 1582, baptised 1591 (in The marriage, baptismal, and burial registers, 1571 to 1874, and monumental inscriptions, of the Dutch reformed church, Austin Friars, London: with a short account of the strangers and their churches, William John Charles Moens, ed., (Lymington: [King] 1884)), James van Becke 1571 (in Returns of aliens dwelling in the city and suburbs of London from the reign of Henry VIII. to that of James I., R.E.G. Kirk, ed., (Aberdeen [The University Press] 1900-1908.)), and the surname van Beke 1556 (in Aryanhwy merch Catmael & Kymma Godric, "Names from Antwerp, 1443-1561"). Koebler's Old High German etymological database gives beck as a High German word meaning 'basin, bowl'. Fause Losenge notes:

There appear to be three MHG words <becke>: 'basin, bowl' (referring to things like bowls for holding food, basins for washing things in, etc.); 'baker'; and 'bakery; baked goods; baking materials; process of baking; etc.'. It's possible that the first was also used in a topographical sense, but I've seen no evidence for it.

Lacking evidence that Beck is a plausible High German place name, von Beck violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining Low and High German in the same name phrase. We would change the surname to the wholly Low German van Beck, but the submitter does not allow major changes, such as changing the language of an element.

The submitted emblazon makes it is difficult to distinguish the suns from any distance. The problem is not necessarily the design - the use of a standard 'sun', with all the rays being equal length, removing the sable internal detailing of the rays, and using more standard color values may fix the issue. This is the primary cause for return at this time.

Secondly, while the form is labeled as being the most recent Laurel-approved form, the escutcheon does not match the approved shape. It was noticeable because the text on the forms was reduced in size, but the escutcheon is exactly the expected size - the note in the lower right hand corner about the size of the shield is cut off by the non-standard shape and larger relative size of the escutcheon. While we would not have returned this submission were this the only problem, future submissions having this issue may be returned for not being on approved paperwork.

On resubmission, the submitter should be aware that the argent arming of the gryphon on the extremely complex field, which includes argent elements, makes it difficult to distinguish what the charge is. We routinely return charges sharing a tincture with the field because it hampers identifiability, and the complex design of the field in this submission only adds to this problem.

Bardolf Gundwaldtsson. Device. Erminois, a raven within a bordure sable.

This device conflicts with the device of Arnóra hrafn Óláfsdóttir, Lozengy gules and Or, a raven within a bordure sable. There is a single CD for the changes to the field.

This device is not in conflict with the badge of Friedrich Eric Helmut von Rheinhausen, Erminois, an eagle displayed within a bordure sable. There is a CD for the difference between an eagle and a raven, and another CD for the change in posture from displayed to close.

Catherine McLaren. Name.

As ruled on the September 2007 Cover Letter, Mc is a scribal abbreviation for Mac. We do not register scribal abbreviations. However, the submitter allows no changes, so we cannot expand the byname to MacLaren in order to register the name.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Catherine of St. Golias.

Catherine Wentworth of Cambridge. Device. Gules, on a fess between three triquetras each interlaced with an annulet and a phoenix Or, a rose gules.

This device violates our ban on so-called 'slot machine' armory. There are three types of charge in the secondary charge group: annulets, triquetras, and a phoenix. Unless the submitter can provide evidence that the annulet interlaced with a triquetra is a period heraldic motif considered to be a single charge, we will continue to interpret an triquetra and interlaced with an annulet as two charges.

Cerdic Cenfrithes sunu. Device. Gules, a bend sinister between two eating forks bendwise sinister, a bordure argent.

This device conflicts with that of Charles the Bull, Gules, a bend sinister argent between two bull's heads cabossed, a bordure argent. There is a single CD for the change of type of the secondary charges.

Charles Robert Blackstone. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion passant guardant erminois wearing a pearled coronet Or lined with a chapeau gules.

This is a lovely badge. However, this uses a reserved charge to which the submitter is not entitled: chapeaus are reserved for members of the Order of the Pelican. The red chapeau inside the pearled coronet was used to signify baronial status in Scots crests. This is one place where SCA and real-world usage collide - we reserve this 'baronial' indicator for the Order of the Pelican. Remove the chapeau and the coronet will not violate our reservation.

Valentinus Trapezuntianus. Name.

This name is being returned for administrative reasons, because the documentation was not adequately summarized on the LoI. First, the given name was cited as appearing in a particular article, but no information was provided as to what the article says about the name. Second, the LoI showed that there is a town which at some point in time was called Trapezunta, but provided no information about when the town was known by that name, or that Trapezuntianus is a plausible byname constructed from the city name. Had one of the commenters been able to supply this missing information, we may have been able to consider the name. However, lacking a proper summary, the commenters cannot evaluate the name, and so we must return it.

TRIMARIS

Eirene Agapia apo Mytilene. Name.

The LoI documented the name as following the pattern given name + martyr + locative. However, no evidence was provided that this is a period pattern of Greek naming practices. Lacking such evidence, this pattern is not registerable. Additionally, no references were provided for the information about Mytilene, making it impossible to evaluate whether the byname is correctly constructed.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Eirene of Marcaster.

Elyn verch Gwilim. Name.

Conflict with Elena verch Gwilim. The given names are variants of each other and are insignificantly different in sound and appearance. They are, however, different enough that this name would be registerable with permission to conflict from Elena.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Elyn of Darkwater.

Rowan Fhearghuis. Name.

No documentation was provided for Gaelic bynames formed by putting a given name in the genitive case and leniting it, without the use of a patronymic particle such as mac 'son' or inghean 'daughter'. The given name, Rowan, is a masculine name; since Gaelic bynames must agree with the gender of the given name, the appropriate Gaelic byname based on Fearghus is mac Fearghuis (note that the given name is not generally lenited in masculine patronymic bynames). We would change the name to Rowan mac Fearghuis, but the submitter does not allow major changes, such as adding an element.

Additionally, the documentation for both elements was inadequately summarized. We remind submissions heralds that it is never sufficient to merely list a source and a page number; you must say what the source says about the element.

WEST

Fiallarr rauðulfr. Name and device. Gules, a chevron argent between three paw prints one and two and a wolf sejant ululant Or, a bordure argent.

The name is returned for lack of documentation of the byname. The byname was intended to be a constructed byname meaning 'red wolf'. Precedent says:

[Information demonstrating that the appearance of rauðrefr in Geirr Bassi is an error] removes support for the byname rauðrefr in Geirr Bassi, we are left with no confirmed examples of descriptive bynames of the form [color] + [animal] in Old Norse. One commenter reported an example of rauðbekri 'red ram' as appearing in the Landnámabók, but the information provided was incomplete and we were unable to find the byname in the online version of the Landnámabók. Further, as stated in a previous ruling:

A pattern of anything cannot be derived from a single example. It takes multiple examples--the more examples found, the more likely it is that the theorized pattern is accurate. [Annalies Maria von Marburg, 09/01, A-Caid]

Lacking solid evidence of a clear pattern of descriptive bynames of the form [color] + [animal] in Old Norse, there is no support for the submitted Hvithestr as a plausible descriptive byname in Old Norse. [LoAR 12/2003, Kristin Hvithestr, West-R]

No new evidence was presented for color + animal bynames in Old Norse, and so this type of byname continues to be unregisterable.

The device has a step from period practice for using pawprints and another for the use of a wolf in the ululant posture. Two steps from period practice has long been grounds for return. On resubmission, the submitter should draw the chevron wider.

Gerin Nytzmanskinde. Device. Gules, on an acorn argent a squirrel sable.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge for Pernell Camber, (Fieldless) On an acorn argent an ermine-spot sable, registered on the May 2008 LoAR. There is a CD for having a field vs. a fieldless design, but an acorn is not suitable for purposes of RfS X.4.j.ii, so there is no CD for the change of only the type of the tertiary charge.

Radnor of Guildemar. Badge. Argent, a cross of ermine spots sable and in canton a demi-sun vert.

The device is returned for conflict with the badge of Clare RosMuire St. John, Argent, a cross avellane sable the center roundel gules. It was the consensus of the commenters that the cross of four ermine spots is too close to a cross avellane for there to be a CD, the only practical difference being the addition of four small roundels to the cross of ermine spots. Therefore, there is a single CD for the addition of the demi-sun.

Solange au Bon Coeur. Name.

The byname au Bon Coeur was documented from Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #1303, which says:

We found <Boncoeur> as a modern French surname, but we also found English examples <Bonquer> 1229, 1257, 1298, <Bonquor> 1264 [5,6], which demonstrates that the name was used in Anglo-Norman and suggests that similar forms were used in Old French, possibly <Boncuer> or <au Bon Cuer> "with the good heart, courageous".

However, no references were provided in support of the form with au. Lacking examples of this construction in our period, au Bon Coeur is not registerable. We would drop the au and register the name as Solange_Bon Coeur, but the submitter does not allow major changes, such as dropping an element.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Solange of Vinhold.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE April 2009 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

CALONTIR

Emery Le Fevre de Lyon. Device. Per pale azure and argent, a Maltese cross counterchanged.

This is pended for discussion of whether there is significant or substantial difference between Maltese and Santiago crosses. If there is not substantial difference, this will conflict with the device of Cristóbal Vázquez de Narriahondo, Per pale azure and argent, a cross of Santiago counterchanged.

Commenters are asked to discuss the issue of conflict between these two types of cross separately from the Cover Letter proposal for methods of determining substantial difference between types of crosses, so that this submission can be ruled upon at that time even if the proposal is entirely rejected.

This was item 4 on the Calontir letter of April 29, 2008.

DRACHENWALD

Margaret de Mey. Device. Gules, three water bougets argent.

Conflict was called with the mundane armory of the Roos family, Gules, three water bougets argent, which is identical to the submission. The conflict was called on the basis that these arms are prominent on the cover of at least one general heraldic reference, that they are the usual example for the water bouget as a charge, and that they are a coat of arms used in the game Kingmaker, by PhilMar/Avalon Hill.

Since only one commenter mentioned this issue, and only mentioned it near the end of the commentary period, sufficient time was not provided for discussion of this topic. We ask commenters to address whether or not the Roos arms are important enough to protect.

This was item 2 on the Drachenwald letter of April 21, 2008.

NORTHSHIELD

Mor{d-}r Ragnarsson. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Mor{d-}r Ragnarsson, the forms have the name Morten Raknarson. When names are changed in kingdom, even if it is in consultation with the submitter, it is necessary to list the change, the reason for the change, and the originally submitted form on the LoI. This allows the commenters to evaluate changes made to ensure they are consistent with period practice and the submitter's stated wishes. Failure to mention changes on the LoI is grounds for returning (if the omissions are continual or egregious) or pending names. We are pending this item so that Keythong can provide the reason for the change to the name and to allow the commenters the opportunity to address this name knowing its full history.

The LoI originally provided the following information:

Submitter desires a male name.

Morðr - Old Norse Names by Gierr Bassi Haraldsson

Ragnarr - Old Norse Names by Gierr Bassi Haraldsson

"To create a patronym, the suffix -son 'son' or -dóttir 'daughter' is added to the genitive form of the father's name." - from A Simple Guide to Creating Old Norse Names by Aryanhwy merch Catmael.

This was item 9 on the Northshield letter of April 30, 2008.

OUTLANDS

Sorkhan Aradai. Name change from Iira Kazimir Zarubezhanin.

The submitter requested an authentic 13th C Mongol name, but this request was not mentioned on the LoI. We are pending this to allow the commenters to address the authenticity request.

The LoI originally provided the following information:

Old Item: Iira Kazimir Zarubezhanin , to be retained.

Submitter desires a male name.

No major changes.

Language (Mongol) most important.

Submitted at Estrella 2007

The current name was registered in August 2006.

A letter from Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy is included as documentation. She cites the following:

[Sorkhan]: found as a name element in "Mongolian Naming Practices" by Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy (KWHS Proceedings, 1995, Barony of Caerthe, Kingdom of the Outlands). The specific historical individual cited is Sorkhan Shira, a general under Chinghis Khan.

[Aradai]: Academy of St. Gabriel, "On the Documentation and Construction of Period Mongolian Names" by Baras-aghur Naran1 - per Marta: "The names list in the paper [Marta's paper referenced above] doesn't list Arada (this could also be transliterated as Ariga, or even Aratai - Baras-aghur's citation shows how one term can be transliterated in a number of ways). However, as mentioned in Baras-aghur Naran's article, Arida could be considered as a physical descriptive byname (if one happened to have unusual teeth, perhaps buck teeth or or protruding canines), or as an "occupational" byname Aratai (if one were considered to have the stealth and cunning aspects of some predatory animal). An occupational byname included in Marta's paper includes Arat, "herdsman". "

1 -- <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/baras-aghur/mongolian.html>

This was item 10 on the Outlands letter of April 30, 2008.

TRIMARIS

Mittainne von Wald. Device change. Sable, an eagle displayed guardant, between its wings a sun argent eclipsed sable, in base a ducal coronet argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as Sable, an eagle displayed guardant, between its wings a sun eclipsed sable, in base a ducal coronet argent, this blazon does not specify the tincture of the eagle and sun, which would make everything in the armory sable except for the coronet. Since a color emblazon was not provided and no commenters mentioned having checked with the correct tinctures, we are pending this for further comment. The emblazon is identical in outline to his original armory, Sable, an eagle displayed guardant, between its wings a sun, in base a ducal coronet argent, registered in June 2007, via Trimaris.

This was item 15 on the Trimaris letter of April 30, 2008.

Toran Saraev. Device. Per chevron gules and argent, two Russian Orthodox crosses and a fox passant counterchanged.

This is pended for a discussion of whether there is significant or substantial difference between a Russian Orthodox cross and a cross of lozenges. If there is not substantial difference, this will conflict with the device of Murienn of Wintersedge, Per chevron gules and argent, two crosses of lozenges and a phoenix issuant from base counterchanged. Only one commenter addressed the issue, which is insufficient to show a consensus in the College of Arms on this subject.

Commenters are asked to discuss the issue of conflict between these two types of cross separately from the Cover Letter proposal, so that this device can be decided at that time even if the proposal is entirely rejected.

This was item 18 on the Trimaris letter of April 30, 2008.

- Explicit -