THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Ælric Ravenshaw. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Quarterly azure and argent, on a roundel sable a bird's leg argent.

The tertiary charge was blazoned on the LoI as a talon. A talon is just the claw, the part that issues from the bird's toe. A foot would include the talons, the toes, the ankle and possibly a bit of the leg above the ankle, but not much of it: see the arms of von Grünau [Siebmacher, plate 58] for an example of a bird's foot. A leg is what is seen here: it includes part above the knee, and possibly some but not the entire thigh. A complete leg, including the thigh, is termed à la quise, which means 'at the thigh'.

Amy Davenport. Name and device. Per pale Or and vert, a shamrock within a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Nice 16th C English name!

This device is clear of the device of Bele Anna de Rugé, Per pale Or and vert, a fleur-de-lys within a bordure embattled counterchanged. The question was raised if there is substantial difference between a trefoil/shamrock and a fleur-de-lys. Batonvert has demonstrated that the change from fleur-de-lys to a trefoil/shamrock does not appear to have been a cadency step in period, so we rule that there is substantial difference between them. The device is clear of Bele's by Section X.2 of the Rules for Submissions: Substantial Change of Primary Charge.

Ballachlagan, Shire of. Branch name and device. Or, a fess enarched with three turrets issuant to chief sable masoned argent, in chief two laurel wreaths sable, a ford proper.

Blazoned on the LoI as Or, a bridge enarched throughout between in chief two laurel wreaths sable and a ford proper, the central charge is not a bridge, which would have distinct arches on the bottom edge.

Cailin Ruadh mac Cainnich. Name change from holding name Cailin of Blackstone Mountain.

Daniel O Rian the Fletcher. Badge. Or, a fess couped gules and in chief two saltorels sable.

Einarr Blæingsson. Name.

Finnr jafnkollr. Device. Gules, in bend a merlin rising contourny sustaining an axe bendwise sinister reversed within a bordure Or.

Iain Ard mac an Bhaird. Badge (see RETURNS for household name and badge). (Fieldless) On a griffin's head erased contourny sable a triquetra argent.

Please instruct the submitter on the proper way to draw erasing: either three or four prominent, pointed jags on the erasing, as described on the Cover Letter to the November 2001 LoAR:

Therefore, for purposes of recreating period armorial style for erasing, the erasing should (1) have between three and eight jags; (2) have jags that are approximately one-sixth to one-third the total height of the charge being erased; and (3) have jags that are not straight but rather are wavy or curved.

Raghnailt in Eich. Name.

This name combines Early Modern Irish and Middle Irish, which is a step from period practice.

Remus Fletcher. Badge. Or, a chevron gules and in chief two hurts.

Solveig Throndardottir. Alternate name Sugawara Miyuki.

ANSTEORRA

Amalia Zavattini. Device. Or, a domestic cat passant guardant to sinister and on a chief nebuly azure three round buckles Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the chief slightly narrower.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Badge for the King's Champion. Or, a demi-sword inverted sable issuant from a demi-sun issuant from base gules.

King's Champion is a generic designator.

Cilwch Corwyn. Correction of name change from holding name Phillip of Elfsea.

When the name Cilwch Corwyn was registered in December 1993, the LoI failed to note that it was a change of the holding name Phillip of Elfsea, registered September 1992.

Coblaith Muimnech. Blanket permission to conflict with name and device. Azure fretty, a chief Or.

The submitter grants permission to conflict with any name which is not identical to her registered name, Coblaith Muimnech.

The submitter grants permission to conflict for armory that is a countable step (CD) from her device.

Coenred æt Rauenesdale. Device change. Vert, on a fess argent two vols sable, in chief a compass star argent.

His old device, Vert, on a tower between three mullets of four points argent a raven sable, is retained as a badge.

There is a step from period practice for the use of a compass star.

Cristyne Lambrechtin. Device. Quarterly azure and pean, on a lozenge argent a bear rampant sable.

Cristyne has permission to conflict with the device of Werhener von Ingolstadt, Azure, on a lozenge argent a bear statant sable.

Dyrfinna Geirsdottir. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Dyrfinna Geirsdóttir, the name was originally submitted as Dyrfinna Geirrsdottir, and changed in kingdom to correct the grammar. While the correction of Geirrs to Geirs was required, the addition of the accent to dottir was not, since we register Old Norse names with the accents dropped throughout. We have dropped the accent from the byname to make the name closer to the originally submitted form.

Eleanora Nicolaa de Lavingtone. Name.

Elizabeth Seale. Device. Per fess dovetailed azure and gules, two wolf's heads erased and a lion couchant argent.

Please instruct the submitter on the proper way to draw erasing: between three and eight prominent, pointed jags on the erasing, as described on the Cover Letter to the November 2001 LoAR:

Therefore, for purposes of recreating period armorial style for erasing, the erasing should (1) have between three and eight jags; (2) have jags that are approximately one-sixth to one-third the total height of the charge being erased; and (3) have jags that are not straight but rather are wavy or curved.

Facon du Pray. Badge. (Fieldless) Two rapiers inverted in saltire sable, overall a hawk vert.

Fearghas MacRob. Name and device. Sable, a quaver argent.

Listed on the LoI as Fearghus McRob, the name was originally submitted as Fearghas MacRob and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation.

As it happens, the originally submitted name is registerable. The June 2005 LoAR notes:

In this case, we found documentation of the submitted spelling Fearghas in the poem Iomdha uaisle ar iath Laighean written toward the end of the 16th C. This poem is found at the CELT site (www.ucc.ie/celt). [Conall mac Fearghasa Charraigh, Calontir-A]

The LoI documented McRob from Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MacRobb, where it is dated to 1458 and 1584. Mc is a scribal abbreviation for Mac. Per the September 2007 Cover Letter, Mc needs to be expanded to Mac for purposes of registration.

We have therefore returned the name to the originally submitted form, which is registerable with one step from period practice for combining Gaelic and Scots in the same name.

The device is acceptable, though it bears a single symbol, by precedent:

While a quaver is a symbol, it is not an abstract symbol for the purposes of the March 2006 precedent (q.v. Yamahara Yorimasa) banning armory that consists solely of abstract charges. Quavers thus can be registered as the only charges in an armorial design. We are hereby overturning the July 2000 precedent (q.v. Iohann se pipere) that considered a quaver an abstract charge and unregisterable as the sole charge in an armorial design. [Vincenzo di Bartolomeo da Brescia, May 2006, Cover Letter]

Fridhur Haralds. Alternate name Livia da Nicolosi.

Katheryn Cunningghame. Badge. (Fieldless) On a shakefork gules seven quatrefoils argent.

Khioniia Pskovskaia. Name.

Marion Fay Holms. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Marion Faye Holms, the name was originally submitted as Marion Fay Holms, and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. The given name Fay, in this spelling, can be dated to 1582 in the baptism of Fay Everat, in Blyton, Lincoln. We have changed the name back to the originally submitted form, which is registerable on the basis of this new documentation.

Micheal na Tuaighe. Device. Sable, a pile inverted bendwise sinister between two double-bitted axes argent.

Micolay Haiduk. Name and device. Per saltire gules and argent, a cross fourchy, between the tines of each fork a roundel counterchanged.

Submitted as Mikolaj Haiduk, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Polish. The LoI provided no documentation for Mikolaj, and documented Haiduk as the submitter's legal name. Blue Tyger comments:

It's not quite Polish, but... Wickenden (3rd ed.) s.n. Gaiduk dates Olexa Haiduk to 1592; the header is glossed as 'grove'. He also has Mikolai Katovich 1555, Mykolay Krawyecz 1552-4, and Miko{l/}ay Pochfath 1558 as variants of Nikolai. The one with the slashed-L is almost certainly a Polish spelling -- I don't think there's a transliteration scheme for Cyrillic which uses that character.

Carp notes that the spelling of Haiduk with H instead of G is also typical of Polish, as opposed to Russian, spellings.

On the basis of this information, we can confirm that Miko{l/}ay Haiduk is an authentic name for a 16th C Polish man. In the 14th century, we find the name spelled Mycolay (1369) and Micolay (1375) in Taszycki, S{l/}ownik Staropolskich Nazw Osobowych, s.n. Miko{l/}aj. We haven't found any earlier example of Haiduk, so we cannot confirm that the byname is authentic for the 14th C. We have changed the name to Micolay Haiduk in order to partially meet his request for authenticity.

The cross depicted in this device is not a cross Osmorog. Osmorog is the name of the family that bears a similar device, blazoned in the book Herby szlachty polskiej, by S{l/}awomir Górzy{n'}sky and Jerzy Kochanowski, under the name Giera{l/}t as "W polu czerwonym krzy{z.} srebrny rozdarty, mi{e,}dzy rozdarciami czerty kule z{l/}ote". An earlier section of the book has pictures of crosses with names, including maltar{n.}ski (Maltese), {l/}aci{n.}ski (Latin), jerozolmski (Jerusalem), and the cross appearing in the emblazon of the Giera{l/}t armory, labeled as "rozdarty", which appears to mean 'torn' or 'riven' in Polish, so this blazon translates roughly as "A riven cross argent between four roundels Or". (Here, we have used a letter followed by a dot in Da'ud style notation to depict an overdot on that letter, and the comma for a letter with an ogonek.)

We note that the cross appearing in that book is not the cross seen in this submission. The cross in the book appears to be constructed out of four parentheses.

Muirghein MacKiernan. Device. Per fess sable and vert, a wolf passant and a dragon passant Or.

Perrin de Beaujeu. Device. Per pale gules and Or, a tree blasted and couped and a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Please instruct the submitter to draw deeper embattlements. The crenellations should be as deep as they are wide.

Porzia da Nicolosi. Name and device. Per chevron Or and azure, a dolphin and a demi-sun issuant from base counterchanged.

Pukhta Lovtsevich. Name.

Roana le Wolf. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Sean of Wiesenfeuer. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron argent and vert, two triquetras sable and a tower argent, a bordure embattled sable.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the bordure slightly wider.

Submitted under the name Sean Graeme.

Sosanna le Fey. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, two wine amphorae counterchanged.

The submitter requested authenticity for a Saxon woman living in a Norman crusader household. The earliest date that we have found for any form of Susan in England is 1194; Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Susan dates Susanna to that date. The byname le Fey derives from Old French; it is only suitable in England after the Norman Conquest. The name as submitted is a fine name for a late 13th/early 14th C English woman, but there is nothing particularly Saxon about it, and it could just as well have been borne by a woman of Norman descent.

Ulf Arnfinnsson. Device. Per pale vert and azure, two wolverines combatant guardant Or and a flame proper.

While several commenters thought that the beasts in this device were monkeys, we do not expect our submitters to be expert zoological artists. This depiction matches several stylized wolverines which have been registered in the past.

Vilhiálmr vetr. Blanket permission to conflict with name and device. Argent, three annulets interlaced within a bordure purpure.

The submitter grants permission to conflict with any name which is not identical to his registered name, Vilhiálmr vetr.

The submitter grants permission to conflict for all armory which is a countable step (CD) from his device.

ATENVELDT

Aodhan of Twin Moons. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Lozengy gules and Or, a smith's hammer surmounted by a key bendwise wards to base sable.

Submitted under the name Aodhan McKie.

Aodhan of Twin Moons. Badge. (Fieldless) A smith's hammer surmounted by a key bendwise wards to base sable.

Bernard d'Acre. Name and device. Erminois, a tower vert and a bordure per saltire sable and gules.

Nice 13th C French name!

Carolina Nanni. Name and badge. Azure, four swords in cross hilts to center proper within an annulet of rope Or.

This badge is clear of the device of Brodhir MacDathi, Azure, four daggers in cross, hilts to center, within a bordure wavy Or. There is a CD for the change from a bordure wavy to an annulet of rope, and a CD for the change from entirely Or weapons to proper weapons. Bladed hand weapons proper are argent hilted Or, which is considered to be mostly argent.

Coilean Mac Caiside. Badge. (Fieldless) A Byzantine chess-board checkered argent and sable.

Submitted as an annulet checky argent and sable, the submitter had requested that this be blazoned as a Byzantine chess board. The LoI provided no documentation, beyond a mention on a website, of the game. Documentation is required because this would be the first registration of this charge. Commenters provided a copy of an article from The British Chess Magazine on this game, which took its citations from the Cotton Cleopatra B.ix MS, with the relevant section dated to about 1280. Therefore, we are able to blazon this charge as a Byzantine chess-board. The checkering, with radially disposed divisions crossing concentric circles, is part of the definition of the charge. Without that, it is merely a roundel pierced.

Fiona inghean Mheg Uidhir. Device. Vert, a cow statant and in chief three annulets enfiled by an arrow fesswise reversed Or.

Gavine Kerr. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy sable and Or, two wolf's heads erased contourny counterchanged.

Johannes Cunctator. Name and device. Per chevron throughout gules and Or, two arrows inverted in chevron Or and a roundel per fess embowed counterembowed argent and sable.

John Ailewrde. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as John Ailewurde, the byname Ailewurde was documented from a genealogical website "The Family Surname" (http://www.aylesworth.net/Confidence_family_DWT_CSS/family_Surname.htm), which says that Ailewurde appears in Domesday Book. This is an error; the spelling which in fact appears in Domesday Book is Ailewrde. We have changed the name to John Ailewrde to match the form which actually appears in dated records.

Kateryn de Grey of Anwik. Name.

It was previously ruled that the use of two marked locative bynames, one using de and one using of, in English is not registerable:

Submitted as Stephen de Montfort of Huntington, no evidence was found that a name consisting of two locative bynames, both containing the prepositions de or of, is plausible in English. In cases of English names with what seems to be two locative bynames, the first is almost certainly an inherited surname and the second is a true locative. We have, therefore, dropped de in order to follow this pattern and register the name. [Stephen Montfort of Huntington, 01/02, A-Caid]

In October 2003, this precedent was partially overturned when evidence was provided for English names recorded in Latin with two locative bynames, both using de. In commentary on the present submission, Blue Anchor provides examples which allow us to wholly overturn the January 2002 precedent:

I was busy working on my Wakefield Manor names project when I stumbled on Robert de Hiperom of Rothewell, 1352. This is on pp. 101, 104 of The Court Rolls of the Manor of Wakefield: October 1350 to September 1352, edited by Moira Habberjam, Mary O'Regan and Brian Hale, published 1987 by the Yorkshire Archaeological Society. This volume is translated from Latin to English. The translators do discuss how they handle translating names, but don't discuss this specific case. But this looks like an example of this form in the mid-14th C. Oh, and then p. 29 of the same volume has John de Irland of Flotten.

These examples show that, while rare, the pattern <given name> de <place name> of <place name> can be found in late-period English, which allows us to register the name as submitted.

Ruadhán mac Aoidh. Name and device. Sable, a wagon wheel and on a chief argent three hourglasses sable.

Sankt Vladimir, College of. Badge. (Fieldless) A spear sable surmounted by an open book argent, winged gules, inscribed with the words "Ex obscuro, Lux; E studio Dementia" sable.

There are enough characters that the words are considered artistic detail, worth no difference, by precedent:

The question becomes, when does the writing become so small that it cannot be read? In general, more that 10 or 11 letters on a single primary charge will be considered unreadable and will not count for difference; for a secondary charge (or multiple primary charges) this number will be reduced due to the smaller size of the books. More than two or three letters on a tertiary charge will be too small to read. In SCA arms, such small writing will not be blazoned. [Eibhlín inghean uí Chiaráin, January 2007, R-Atlantia]

In this case, we will blazon the words, since they seem to be important to the submitter.

Tabitha Whitewolf. Device. Gules, a wolf rampant queue-forchy argent between three sets of four hearts each conjoined in saltire points to center Or.

Torin Makepath. Device. Azure, a bend wavy cotised argent between a rooster rising and a pawprint Or.

The rooster was blazoned as crowing on the LoI, but no documentation for that blazon was provided on the LoI and none was found by the commenters. The posture is sufficiently close to rising that we can register it in that posture.

The use of a pawprint is a step from period practice.

Wulfgar de Scy. Name.

Submitted as Wulfgar of Skye, this combined an Old English given name with a Scots spelling of a place name dated to 1610. Names combining Old English and Scots are not registerable. Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #2196 dates Scy to 1266, and Johnston, The Place-Names of Scotland, s.n. Skye dates Skey to 1292. These are both Scoto-Norman or Latin spellings of the place name, and can be registered with Wulfgar, which dates as late as 1030. However, the appropriate preposition is Scoto-Norman or Latin de, not English of. Of the two spellings, Scy is more likely to be pronounced like Skye than Skey. It is also more temporally compatible with Wulfgar, so we have opted to change the byname to this spelling.

Ysabel de Rouen. Device. Per pale argent and sable, a cauldron and in chief two fleurs-de-lys counterchanged, the cauldron atop a base azure charged with a needle fesswise reversed argent.

Please instruct the submitter to draw a bigger cauldron.

ATLANTIA

Abigail Lilian d'Arcy. Name.

Æsa Gunnarsdóttir. Name and device. Sable, a pegasus segreant and on a chief wavy argent a roundel between an increscent and a decrescent azure.

Angus of Bedford. Device. Checky argent and gules, two boars rampant addorsed sable and on a chief embattled Or three battle axes bendwise sinister reversed gules.

Aveline Marie d'Avignon. Name.

As documented, the name combined two French given names with an Occitan byname; combining French and Occitan is a step from period practice. However, Avignon is also a French form of the place name. The byname d'Avignon occurs once in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Names in the 1292 Census of Paris.

Azalais de Dia. Name and device. Azure, a foi within an orle argent.

Bellavene Scolari. Name.

Bj{o,}rn inn hávi. Badge. Sable, on a pale endorsed Or three pellets.

Cerball na hInnsi mac Donndubáin. Name.

Ceridwen ferch Owain. Alternate name Ceridwen South.

The given name Ceridwen is grandfathered to her.

Chikkaya Valandi. Name.

Submitted as Chikayya Valandi, the documentation spelled the family name Chikkaya. We have corrected the name to Chikkaya Valandi to match the documentation in order to register it.

Christoph Krieger. Device. Azure, a panther rampant Or spotted sable incensed, collared and chained, within a bordure argent.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the chain with larger and fewer links, so it does not disappear into the background.

Cian mac Cellacháin hUí Dhublaich. Name.

Submitted as Cian mac Ceallacháin Uí Dubhlaich, the spelling Dubhlaich is a hybrid form mixing Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish orthographies. Additionally, following Uí, the clan byname needs to be lenited. The submitter indicated that if the name had to be changed, he cared most about 10th-12th C Irish language/culture. For this period, the appropriate language is Middle Irish. If we change the clan byname to Middle Irish, the patronymic byname also needs to be Middle Irish, because the pattern mac X + Ui Y is a single grammatical phrase, and so must be wholly in one language per RfS III.1.a. Linguistic Consistency. A wholly Middle Irish form of the byname is mac Cellacháin hUí Dhublaich. We have changed the name to Cian mac Cellacháin hUí Dhublaich in order to register it. The wholly Early Modern Irish form of the name, Cian mac Ceallacháin Uí Dhubhlaoich, is also registerable.

Eilionora inghean Domhnaill. Name.

Eleonora Pragensis. Name.

Estienne Michel. Name.

Submitted as Estienne Michel d'Avignon, this name appeared to be a claim to be the son of Michel d'Avignon (registered August 1989). Thus, it violates RfS VI.3. Names Claiming Specific Relationships, which states in part, "Names that unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected person or literary character will generally not be registered." The submitter allows all changes so we have dropped the byname d'Avignon in order to remove the appearance of presumption. We could not drop the byname Michel for then the name would conflict with Estienne d'Avignon.

Felix del Rey. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There is a temporal disparity of three centuries between the two elements; this is one step from period practice.

Glaukos the Athenian. Device change. Purpure, an owl contourny within a bordure embattled Or.

Commenters asked if there was a CD for the change of facing of the owl, as there is not a CD between an owl viewed from the side and an owl affronty. Precedent says:

Some of the commentary noted the precedent stating that there is no difference between an owl turned to dexter and an owl affronty, and wondered if that meant there was no difference between an owl turned to dexter and an owl turned to sinister. The precedent in question, on the LoAR of August 1992, states, "The owl's posture has slightly changed, from statant close guardant to statant close affronty (which is guardant by definition). The 'blobbiness' of the owl's body, and the fact that the owl is guardant in all cases, leads me to conclude that there is no visual difference for turning the owl's body affronty." Conflict is not transitive: if A conflicts with B and B conflicts with C, it is not required that A must conflict with C. In this case, while there may not be a CD between an owl affronty and an owl turned to dexter, and there may not be a CD between an owl affronty and an owl turned to sinister, there is sufficient visual difference to allow a CD between an owl turned to dexter and an owl turned to sinister. One can thus meaningfully give a posture CD between respectant owls and addorsed owls, and also between respectant hawks and addorsed owls. [Sigurd Grunewald, November 2003, A-Meridies]

Therefore, this is clear of the device of Geoffrey of Kirkwood, Azure, an owl within a bordure embattled Or, with a CD for the change of field tincture and a CD for the change of orientation of the owl.

His old device, Purpure, a chevron inverted between a rose and a chalice argent, is retained as a badge.

Godai Katsunaga. Device. Sable, a pheon inverted within a mascle argent.

Grímkell Tannason. Name.

Guillaume d'Avignon. Name.

As documented, the name combined a French given name with an Occitan byname; combining French and Occitan is a step from period practice. However, Avignon is also a French form of the place name. The byname d'Avignon occurs once in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Names in the 1292 Census of Paris, so the name can also be seen as wholly French. If, on the other hand, the submitter is interested in using a wholly Occitan form of the name, we recommend any of the spellings Guilham, Guilhelm, and Guilhem, all of which are found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Occitan Names from Saint Flour, France, 1380-1385".

Henry Bartholomew Weste. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Hidden Mountain, Barony of. Order name Order of the Azure Mountain and badge association. Per chevron argent and azure, three clouds one and two azure.

The order name pattern azure + <heraldic charge> is grandfathered to the barony.

Hroði of Raven's Cove. Holding name and device. Gules, a double-bitted axe Or and in chief two birds respectant argent.

Submitted under the name Hroði Hrólfsson, that name was returned on the July 2009 LoAR.

Hubert Pierre d'Avignon. Name.

As documented, the name combined two French given names with an Occitan byname; combining French and Occitan is a step from period practice. However, Avignon is also a French form of the place name. The byname d'Avignon occurs once in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Names in the 1292 Census of Paris.

Ivarr jafnkollr. Name.

John Thomas of York. Name and device. Per chevron inverted gules and argent, a pair of wings argent and an anchor sable.

While many of the commenters thought of the slang meaning of John Thomas, it was their consensus that the allusion is not any more offensive than, e.g., the given name Dick.

Judeke von Colberg. Name.

The byname von Colberg does not violate RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency which requires that every name phrase be "grammatically correct according to the usage of a single language". While Colberg is a city in Poland, the name Colberg is German, not Polish, and so it can be combined with the German preposition von.

Katarzyna Witkowska. Name and device. Per pale vert and argent, on a chevron two arrows with points to center, in chief a rose all counterchanged.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the chevron so that the point rises higher on the field.

Levi d'Avignon. Name.

This name combines an English form of a Hebrew name and Occitan, which is a step from period practice.

Lillie of the Red Tower. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Lillie is the submitter's legal given name.

Merecwen Albern. Name change from Merewen Albern.

Submitted as Merecwen Albeorn, this was the same form in which her current name, Merewen Albern, was originally submitted. When registering Merewen Albern, Laurel said:

[B]oth elements of this name were constructed by choosing a protheme and a deuterotheme from Searle and putting them together. In Anglo-Saxon, not all prothemes and deuterothemes can be combined. In this case, -cwen only appears as a deuterotheme once, and the case appears to be a variant of a name that normally appears in the form Cwenburh. Thus it is not sufficient evidence that -cwen can be used as a deuterotheme with another protheme. [LoAR 08/2001]

In addition to the name Burhcwen, referred to on the August 2001 LoAR, the LoI cites the name Leofcwen, the standardized form of the feminine name Lefquene which is recorded in an 11th C will. With two examples of -cwen being used as a deuterotheme, we are willing to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Merecwen is a possible constructed Old English feminine given name.

However, no documentation for Albeorn was provided on the LoI, and none was found by the commenters. Lacking documentation, it is not registerable. We have changed the byname back to the previously registered form in order to register the name.

Her previous name, Merewen Albern, is released.

Ormr Gunnarsson. Name.

Reis Brangweyn. Device. Quarterly vert and sable, on a plate a triskele sable, a chief embattled argent.

Sabelina Portefleur. Name.

Sorcha MacParson. Name.

This name combines Gaelic and English, which is a step from period practice.

Tat'iana Aleksandrovna Ragozina. Device change. Per pale gules and sable, a natural tiger rampant argent marked sable and on a chief argent a roundel between an increscent and a decrescent sable.

Normally, we would return this submission for having sable markings against a sable field, which compromises the identifiability of the tiger. However, in this case, the use of sable markings on a cat against a sable field is grandfathered to her.

Her old device, Per pale azure and sable, a natural tiger rampant argent marked sable and on a chief argent a roundel between an increscent and decrescent sable, is retained as a badge.

Temair ingen Fháelchon meic Domnaill. Name and device. Per chevron vert and azure, a wolf rampant and in canton a roundel argent.

Tristan Frogier d'Avignon. Name.

As documented, the name combined two French given names with an Occitan byname; combining French and Occitan is a step from period practice. However, Avignon is also a French form of the place name. The byname d'Avignon occurs once in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Names in the 1292 Census of Paris.

William atte Nunnes. Name and device. Azure, a tree eradicated and on a chief invected argent three crosses pommelly gules.

Please instruct the submitter to draw larger roundels at the end of the crosses' arms, so that they are obviously not crosses couped.

William Scolari. Name.

This name combines English and Italian, which is a step from period practice. A wholly Italian form of the name would be Guglielmo Scolari. Guglielmo is a common Italian name found throughout Italy from the 14th through 16th C (cf. Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484", Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528", Juliana de Luna, "Names in 15th Century Florence and Her Dominions: The Condado", and Juliana de Luna, "Names from Sixteenth Century Venice").

Ysabel Clarice d'Avignon. Name.

As documented, the name combined two French given names with an Occitan byname; combining French and Occitan is a step from period practice. However, Avignon is also a French form of the place name. The byname d'Avignon occurs once in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Names in the 1292 Census of Paris.

CAID

Æthelwynn of the Angels. Name and device. Sable, a cross patonce Or between four mullets argent.

Submitted as Æthelwynne of the Angels, the given name Æthelwynne was documented from Marieke van de Dal, "Anglo-Saxon Women's Names from Royal Charters". This source is not listed in Appendix H of the Administrative Handbook, and yet no copies of the relevant pages were provided to Laurel. We remind submissions heralds that failure to provide copies or printouts of non-Appendix H sources is grounds for return. Additionally, the spelling Æthelwynne, like many of the spellings listed in Marieke's article, is an inflected form; we do not register given names in their inflected forms. The PASE database gives Æþelwyn and Æthelwynn as nominative forms of the name; we have changed the name to Æthelwynn of the Angels in order to register it.

The Angels is the registered name of an SCA branch.

This device is clear of the device of Aveline de la Rose, Sable, a cross avellane Or between four roses argent barbed and seeded Or. There is a CD for the change of type of secondary charge and a CD for the difference between a cross patonce and a cross avellane, since the cross avellane is a period charge, described in Gullim's A Display of Heraldry.

Agrippa Morris. Name.

Anne Noe of York. Name change from holding name Anne of Calafia.

The submitter's previous name, Anne Ouy de York, was returned on the January 2009 LoAR for lack of documentation for Ouy. Please inform the submitter that since that return, Edelweiss has found documentation for a similar byname, if she is interested:

[A]lthough I can't document <Ouy> I can find some close variants:

Edward Ouie mar. Susan Androes, 22 June 1592, Bexley, Kent

Mgart. Ouie mar. George Stevens, 01 Sep. 1583, Bexley, Kent

Thomas Ouie mar. Joanne Figge, 11 Nov. 1582, Bexley, Kent

Thomas Ouye bap. 22 Aug. 1566, Enderby, Leicestershire

Peter Auye bap. 06 May 1570, Enderby, Leicestershire

(IGI Parish Record extracts)

Cormac Mór. Household name Peerless House (see RETURNS for badge).

The spelling Peerless was dated on the LoI to 1667, which is outside of our grey area. Luckily, the spelling can also be found in our period; the Middle English Dictionary s.v. perles dates this spelling to c1450.

Gregory Lucan. Device. Quarterly vert and argent, a compass rose and a bordure counterchanged.

Haraldr hlátrmildr. Device. Per fess indented argent goutty de sang and vert.

Haraldr has permission to conflict with the badge of Caelin on Andrede, Argent goutty de sang.

Illuminada Eugenia de Guadalupe y Godoy. Household name Monelyght Manor.

Jean-Christophe Messier. Device. Per chevron vert and sable, a chevron between three mullets and a cross bottony argent.

This device is clear of the device of Galen MacColmåin, Per chevron sable and vert, a chevron between three mullets and a sheaf of arrows inverted argent. There is a CD for switching the tinctures of the field and another for the change of number of secondaries, from four to six. A sheaf of charges is treated as a group of individual charges, per the February 2008 Cover Letter.

Malucha Korotkova. Device. Or estencelly gules, a natural sea-turtle bendwise sinister vert.

Miriel Gard Yale. Device. Per fess argent and azure, a domestic cat passant sable and a domestic cat sejant ermine.

Blazoned on the LoI as cats, heralds are reminded that the undifferenced term is ambiguous: in SCA blazon, it might refer to a domestic cat, or it might, as it does in mundane blazon, refer to the Scots wild-cat. To avoid ambiguity, it is best to blazon explicitly.

Oddbj{o,}rn kápa. Name.

Pátraic Ó Ceallaigh. Name change from Gaius Grattius Brutus.

This name combines Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish, which is a step from period practice.

It does not conflict with Pádraig Ó Cillín, since the bynames Ó Cillín and Ó Ceallaigh are significantly different. RfS V.1.a.ii.(a) says that "Two bynames of relationship are significantly different if the natures of the relationships or the objects of the relationships are significantly different." The nature of the relationship in these two bynames are the same, but the objects, Cilléne or Cillíne and Ceallach, are significantly different in sound and appearance.

His previous name, Gaius Grattius Brutus, is released.

Sviatoslava Akilina Vasil'evskaia zhena Nikolaeva. Device. Sable, on a bend sinister argent three pomegranates gules seeded, in canton a peacock in its pride Or.

Þorfinnr brimill. Device. Per pale azure and argent, a three-headed dog statant to sinister and a chief embattled sable.

Thorgrim Tryggvason. Name.

Willen de Creke. Name.

Submitted as Willen de Cr{oe}k_, the documentation for the byname, Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Creek spelled the byname Cræk, not Cr{oe}k. Additionally, this citation was for a metonymic byname, deriving from Old French creche 'basket'. The use of the preposition de with this metonymic byname is not correct. The submitter noted that if the name had to be changed, he cared most about the sound "Willin de Creek". In the same entry, Reaney & Wilson date de Creke to 1298. We have changed the byname to de Creke so that the name uses a documentable byname.

This name combines English and Anglicized Dutch, which is a step from period practice. As Willen is dated to 1593, just under 300 years later than the byname, there is not a second step from period practice for temporal disparity.

William Talemache. Name.

The name was listed on the LoI with a filing name of William Talemache, with a note that the name had originally been submitted as William Talmach' and changed in kingdom to William Talmache to expand the scribal abbreviation. However, the name was in fact originally submitted as William Talemach'. Submissions heralds, we remind you that it is important to accurately represent the history of changes made to names in kingdom. When this history is not accurately summarized, it can be necessary to pend the name to allow the commenters a chance to comment on the correct form(s) of the name. In this case, we do not have to pend the name because the expansion of the originally submitted abbreviated form Talemach' is registerable, as Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Talmadge date Talemache to 1150.

DRACHENWALD

Áskatla Ketilsdóttir. Device change. Argent, a bear rampant azure maintaining a broken spear, a base gules.

Her old device, Argent, a bear rampant azure maintaining a broken arrow, a base gules, is released.

Karola de Flintbeke. Name.

Flintbeke was documented on the LoI as a constructed English place name. Siren notes that:

There's a German placename with this origin; it's dated to 1223 as <Vlintbeke> in Ortsnamen und Ortsgeschichten in Schleswig-Holstein by Hanswilhelm Haefs, s.n. Flintbek (http://books.google.com/books?id=nvXuwKjA4MsC). It appears as <de Flintbeke> in Latin context dated to 1314 in Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Kieler Stadtgeschichte, Volumes 9-12 (http://books.google.com/books?id=fN0OAAAAYAAJ). That should allow the submitted spelling in a German Latinized context.

Using this documentation for the byname, this name combines Dutch and Latinized German, which is a step from period practice.

Mærith aff Weselax. Name.

This name combines Danish and Swedish, which is a step from period practice. If the submitter would like a wholly-Swedish name, the following Swedish forms of Margaret can be dated to the 15th century (to which aff Weselax is dated) and are similar in spelling to the submitted form:

Mærætha, Mæreta, Mærete, Mæretha, Mæretta, Mærettha, Mærita, Mæritæ, Mæritta, Marit, Märita, Marith, Märitha

These can all be found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Swedish Feminine Given Names from SMP".

EAST

Albrecht Joseph von Halstern. Name change from Albrecht von Halstern.

The given name Albrecht and the byname von Halstern are grandfathered to him.

His previous name, Albrecht von Halstern, is retained as an alternate name.

Alexandre Bautista de la Mar. Badge. Purpure, a cross of Jerusalem and on a chief Or two galleons purpure.

Branimira of the Isles. Name and device. Checky argent and gules, a tree eradicated proper and a bordure azure.

The Isles is the registered name of an SCA branch.

Colette de Beaumanoir. Name change from Gwineth Llynllwyd.

Her previous name, Gwineth Llynllwyd, is released.

Francesca Damiani. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, five lozenges in cross and an orle argent.

Nice 14th C Venetian name!

Francesca Damiani. Badge. (Fieldless) A cross of five lozenges sable.

Gillian MacLachlan de Holrode. Alternate name Tachibana no Hiromasa and badge. Vert, a crane volant contourny, wings addorsed and on a chief argent three Japanese maple leaves gules.

There was some question about the registerability of Japanese maples leaves and whether they were known to Europeans in period. Eastern Crown provided some research into the question, which is summarized here:

In the late Ming period (1368-1644), Chinese porcelains were exported to Europe and Japan by the Dutch and Portuguese, and earlier to the Middle East. Japanese imari ware was first exported by the Dutch East India company c. 1650, with more than 50,000 pieces exported by 1659. Maples were listed as a common motif in imari ware. [Goro Shimura, The Story of Imari: The Symbols and Mysteries of Antique Japanese Porcelain; http://books.google.com/books?id=p9JqaKSNah4C&pg=PA25]

An example of 16th C (Momoyama Period) lacquerware that was produced for the European market is in the Kyoto Museum [http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/syuzou/meihin_%83%7B%83%5E%83%93%83%7D%83b%83v%8C%C3%82%A2/urusi/item03.html]. The item description is: "This chest is an example of 'Nanban (Southern Barbarian) lacquerware,' produced for the European market....The lid and body of this chest are decorated with designs of birds and animals, including...maple...The great number of existing examples suggest that a large number of such export chests were produced to order for Europeans."

Therefore, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt: Japanese maple leaves are allowed as flora native to Asia, but known to Europeans in period. They will be considered artistic variants of European maple leaves, blazoned, but not granting difference.

There is a step from period practice for use of the Japanese maple leaves, which are non-European flora not known to be used as charges in period European heraldry.

Griffith Davion. Device. Counter-ermine, a bend sinister gules fimbriated and overall a tyger rampant contourny argent.

This is clear of the device of Konrad Lockner of Idelberg, Counter-ermine, a scarpe gules, overall a wyvern displayed argent maintaining in the dexter claw a bow saw and in the sinister claw a mallet, proper. There are two CDs, one each for changing the type and orientation of the overall charge. Konrad's wyvern is affronty (part of the definition of displayed); Griffith's tyger is facing to sinister.

Jan Janowicz Bogdanski. Household name Herb Podkowa.

Submitted as Herbu Podkowa, this submission was an appeal of an identical submission returned by Laurel in April 2008 for the following reasons:

This name is presumptuous of the mundane Herbu Podkowa, as it is a claim to bear the arms of that clan. Precedent states:

Orzel Go{l/}aszewski herbu Ko{s'}cie{s'}z{a,}. Name....In addition, no documentation was provided for the form of the second byname, and it makes a claim to bear arms that the submitter does not own. Nebuly explains: The second byname means "of the arms of Ko{s'}ciesza". This name phrase has two obvious problems. (1) The construction is undocumented, and I can find no support for it. (2) The construction is presumptuous for explicitly claiming to bear the arms: Gules, a rogacina fourchy crossed argent (Szyma{n'}ski, p161), which are not registered to the submitter (RfS VI.1). [LoAR 10/2006]

While a constructed herb name should be registerable, because of the close association of membership in an herb with bearing a particular set of arms, existing herb names may not be registered.

The appeal argued that:

[T]here was no "close association" between a period herb and a particular coat of arms. There could be more than one herb by the same name, so one name could be associated with multiple coats of arms...The submitter didn't use any armory associated with the historical herb, so he argues that his submission isn't presumptuous.

Examples of herbs associated with multiple coats of arms were provided.

Walraven van Nijmegen comments:

I think the return was in error, but that the original cited Precedent is correct.

The comments quoted from me were misapplied to that return. My comments concerned the use of a possessive form of a herb name as a personal name element. I don't see a problem with registering the name of a period herb to a SCAdian...However, there is still a problem with this household name submission: [herbu] is a genitive form. The nominative form [herb] should be used instead.

We have corrected the grammar of the household name in order to register it.

Jean Paul Ducasse. Name and device. Per pale Or and gules, two rapiers inverted in saltire argent and overall a fleur-de-lys per pale gules and Or.

There were some calls to return this for having the appearance of the fleur-de-lys 'Florency', which has extra flowers in the space occupied by the rapiers. Those depictions do not have anywhere near as much mass as do the hilts of the rapiers in the submitted emblazon, and the rapiers are recognizable as such at quite a distance.

Lylie of Penhyll. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, a fleur-de-lys per pale argent and azure and a bordure semy-de-lys counterchanged.

Nice device!

Mael Eoin mac Echuid. Name and device. Gyronny argent and sable, a Maltese cross within an orle gules.

This device is clear of the device of Marke von Mainz, Gyronny argent and sable, a cross moline and a bordure gules. Precedent, set on the Cover Letter for the May 2009 LoAR, establishes that there is substantial difference under section X.2 of the Rules for Submission between a Maltese cross and a cross moline.

Mary of the Stuwes. Device. Argent, a chevron couped and in chief an annulet sable.

Naomi bat Avraham. Device. Per pale Or and azure, a tree blasted and couped and a bordure counterchanged.

Naomi bat Avraham. Badge. (Fieldless) A tree blasted and couped per pale Or and azure.

Robin Gallowglass. Badge. (Fieldless) On a hand quarterly gules and Or, four roundels counterchanged.

Robin Gallowglass. Badge. (Fieldless) A fleur-de-lys pean.

Rowan Orr. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Rowan is the submitter's legal given name.

Toki Redbeard. Badge. (Fieldless) A chevron wavy couped paly wavy argent and sable.

GLEANN ABHANN

Adriana Taillour. Name.

Andrew Mac Corryn. Name and device. Per fess rayonny Or and vert, two ravens volant sable and a boar statant Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw move wavy rayons.

Anton Vicentius Fortunio. Name and device. Argent ermined vert, on a pale Or fimbriated azure a tree eradicated proper.

Submitted as Antón Vicentius Fortunio, this form of the name was two steps from period practice. First, the given name Vicentius was dated to 917-935, which is more than 300 years before the 15th C date for the other given name, Antón. There was a similar disparity between Fortunio, a given name documented also to 917-935, and Antón.

Additionally, no documentation was provided for Spanish names consisting of three given names with no explicit byname. Luckily, Fortunio was also used as a byname; Siren notes that it was used as a surname "as late as 1075 (according to Diez Melcon)." CORDE (Corpus Diacrónico del Español) dates Anton, without the accent, to c.1352, which is within 300 years of the 1075 date for Fortunio. Using Anton instead of Antón removes the temporal disparity between the first given name and the byname, leaving just one step from period practice for the temporal disparity between the first given name and the second given name. We have therefore changed the name to Anton Vicentius Fortunio in order to register it.

Avisa of Dun Carraig. Device. Azure grillage Or, on a bend sinister argent two forget-me-not sprigs stems to center azure slipped and leaved vert.

There is an example of what is termed square fretty in Strangways' Book, c.1450, for the arms of Sir John Mandeville. Another example can be seen in Nikolaus Bertschi's Wappenbuch besonders deutscher Geschlechter, at http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00001364/images/index.html?seite=207, which was published in the 16th and early 17th century.

Grillage, in the Society, will be treated like fretty: it is a charge, not a field treatment. Charges surmounting grillage must have (as always) good contrast with the field, not with the grillage.

Caoilinn inghean Riocaird. Device. Or, a unicorn rampant sable crined azure and in chief three roses proper.

Dominica Maquerelle. Device. Per pale sable and azure, a phoenix and in base a dexter hand and a goblet Or.

Egill Skorrason. Badge. (Fieldless) Three valknuts conjoined one and two vert.

The use of valknuts is a step from period practice.

Geoffrey of Stonebridge. Name.

Giovanna da Corlione. Name and device. Sable, a raven between three keys palewise wards to chief and a bordure argent.

Submitted as Giovanna da Corleone, the byname da Corleone was documented from Bunson, Encyclopedia of Catholic History. Encyclopedias are not suitable sources for documentation because they generally modernize or standardize name forms. They are fine places to start looking for documentation, but they should not be the sole source of documentation for a name element.

Commenters provided various period examples of the locative byname, including a Corilione 1182 and Geraldus de Corelione 1286 from Caracausi, Dizionario Onomastico della Sicilia, and Corliono 1351 in Simonsohn, Jews in Sicily. These support Corlione as an extrapolated form, but not the submitted spelling. We have changed the name to Giovanna da Corlione in order to register it.

Henry of Chipeham. Device. Azure, an emmet and a point pointed argent.

An emmet is the blazon term for an ant.

Janos Hideg. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Per pale argent and vert, a cross formy quadrate counterchanged and on a chief sable two crosses formy quadrate argent.

This name uses a Hungarian given name and a Hungarian byname with a Latin-language name structure, with the given name preceding the byname. As ruled on the Cover Letter of this LoAR, this combination is a step from period practice.

Joye Wölflinin. Name change from Joye Wölflin.

Her previous name, Joye Wölflin, is released.

Kendra Dey. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Kendra is the submitter's legal given name.

Marie Isabelle Taillour. Name.

Submitted as Marié Isabelle Taillour, Marié was documented as a byname, meaning 'the newly-wed [man]'. Its use as the first element of a feminine name is not appropriate. The LoI also documented Marie, without the accent, as a feminine given name. We have changed the name to Marie Isabelle Taillour in order to register it.

Milia Gaia Alberti. Name and device. Argent, a fleur-de-lys and on a chief gules three suns in their splendor Or.

Submitted as Milia Gaia di Alberti, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th-15th C Florence. The submitter's documentation was for the byname Alberti, not di Alberti. In order to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired place and time-period, we have dropped the preposition di.

All of the elements were dated to 15th C Florence. Concerning the use of two given names in Italian at this period, precedent says:

Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane, Women, Family and Ritual in Renaissance Italy, notes, "Approximately 60% of the nine hundred children of Florentine bourgeois families studied by means of familial documentation bear a second given name in the period 1360-1530." Therefore, the double given name is authentic for her period. [Caterina Margarita della Rosa, 06/04, A-Atlantia]

Morgan of Osprey. Badge (see RETURNS for other badge). (Fieldless) A ham reversed sable boned argent enflamed on the upper edge proper.

Documentation for the depiction of a ham in period can be found in Corsair, the online resource for the Pierpoint Morgan Library, at http://utu.morganlibrary.org/medren/SearchResults.cfm?imagename=m1001.094r.jpg&page=ICA000121414&subject1=ham&totalcount=120&current=14 , a document from Poitiers, France, ca. 1475. The man on the pig is holding a ham which strongly resembles the one in this submission. This is the defining instance of a ham in SCA armory. The SCA default will have the long axis of the ham fesswise with the small end (the 'handle') of the ham to sinister.

Pal Uto. Name.

This name uses a Hungarian given name and a Hungarian byname with a Latin-language name structure, with the given name preceding the byname. As ruled on the Cover Letter of this LoAR, this combination is a step from period practice.

Róis inghean Fhaoláin. Name.

Submitted as Róise inghean Fhaoláin, Róise was documented as a subsidiary header spelling in Ó Corraín & Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Róis. Róis is the standardized Early Modern Irish form of the name. No evidence was provided, and none could be found, that Róise is consistent with Early Modern Irish spellings of the name; lacking such evidence, Róise is not registerable. We have changed the given name to Róis in order to register the name.

Úlfr blóðøx. Name.

This does not conflict with Olaf Blodhøx, as the given names Olaf and Úlfr look and sound significantly different.

Una d'Espence. Name.

Submitted as Una D'Espences, the LoI documented D'Espences from Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Spence, who says, "The name was early carried to France and appears there as D'Espences (de Nettancourt, de Bettancourt, de Vroil, etc.)". The entry is not clear whether D'Espences is a period form or a modern form. The most similar dated form that we have found is d'Espence, the byname of a French theologian who lived from 1511 to 1571. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register the name.

This name combines Gaelic and French, which is a step from period practice.

Yorath of Delvingrim. Name and device. Gules, in pale three oak branches fesswise leaved and fructed Or.

There was some question whether the spelling Yorath was used as a given name in our period. While no explicit example of it used as a given name was found, it is consistent with period spellings; Morgan & Morgan, Welsh Surnames s.n. Iorwerth list ap (Eorath ?), which they note is a form of Iorath from records dating between 1328 and 1561, and the byname ab yeroth dated to 1570. These demonstrate that Yorath is a plausible variant form of the given name.

Delvingrim is the registered name of an SCA branch.

LOCHAC

Alianore de Essewell. Name change from Aliénor of Essewell.

Her previous name, Aliénor of Essewell, is retained as an alternate name.

Caitlin mac Cumhaill na Cruachan. Device change. Sable, a chevron argent between three torcs Or and on a chief argent a domestic cat passant sable.

Submitted under the name Sinech ingen Chonchobair hui Briuin, that name change was returned on the June 2009 LoAR.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the torcs with more space between the tips, so that they are easier to distinguish from annulets.

Her old device, Argent, a domestic cat herissony sable between three torques gules all within a bordure nebuly vert, is released.

Cormacc Mac Artúir. Name.

Eilis inghean Uí Chuinn. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy azure and argent, a bend sinister wavy counterchanged between a seahorse contourny Or and a fret couped vert.

Eilis is the submitter's legal middle name. Since it is in origin a given name, it can be registered as a given name via the legal name allowance.

Please instruct the submitter to draw a wider bend sinister.

Elisabetta Foscari. Name.

Henry Fox. Badge. (Fieldless) A cross formy quadrate gyronny purpure and Or.

Please instruct the submitter that the quadrate portion of the cross needs to be larger so it is easier to recognize.

Rowany, Barony of. Order name Silver Cinquefoil, Order of the.

Terence of Radburne. Device. Quarterly Or and sable, four cobras erect tails nowed counterchanged.

MERIDIES

Ailith in le Willewys. Device. Azure, a lotus blossom in profile and on a chief dovetailed argent three compass stars vert.

There is a step from period practice for the use of a compass star.

Eleanor of Forth Castle. Name.

Submitted as Eleanor_Fourthecastel, the byname Fourthecastel was intended to be an inherited surname based on a place name meaning "fourth castle". However, no documentation was provided to show that a place name meaning "fourth castle" is plausible in English, and precedent says:

The name was submitted as the Shire of Fourth Castle, but no one could find period evidence for ordinal numbers in English place-names. The group have explicitly indicated that they will accept Forth Castle 'castle on the River Forth' in order to keep the sound. [Forth Castle, Shire of, LoAR 08/1995]

Forth Castle, as the registered name of an SCA branch, is registerable as part of a locative byname. However, the byname needs to be constructed in a manner showing that it is a true locative byname, and not an inherited surname:

Submitted as Uldin_Vatavia, the byname was documented as an SCA branch name. The proper way to form a locative byname based on an SCA branch name is to use a preposition such as of or de followed by the branch name. Precedent from April 2008 makes this clear:

However, because of [SCA branch names] are a special category of names, care must be used in how they are registered. Most branch names are not, and should not be, registerable without the use of the preposition of. This marks the name as a true locative rather than a name that follows a pattern of an inherited surname (which is a pattern consistent with the lack of the preposition). [Máire Black Rose, Caid-A]

[Uldin de Vatavia, LoAR 08/2008, Calontir-A]

We have changed the name to Eleanor of Forth_Castle in order to register it.

Pipa Follywolle. Name (see PENDS for device).

MIDDLE

Alexander Fletcher. Name and device. Quarterly gules and argent, a badger statant azure marked Or.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English. The given name is dated to 1388 and the byname to 1379, so this is an excellent 14th C English name.

Ayla Volquin. Device. Per fess wavy argent and azure, a winged ounce passant reguardant sable incensed proper and a moon in her plenitude argent.

Enough commenters noted the tincture of the moon, which was omitted on the LoI, that we do not need to pend this for further conflict checking.

Ayreton, Barony of. Device. Per pale vert and azure, a laurel wreath between five mullets of six points in annulo argent.

Cáelfind ingen Faíltigirn. Name and device. Per chevron azure and argent, a crescent pendant Or and a spider sable.

Submitted as Cáelfind ingen Faíltigerna, the correct Middle Irish genitive form of Faíltigern is Faíltigirn, not Faíltigerna. None of the commenters were able to find any support for Faíltigerna in any context. We have changed the name to Cáelfind ingen Faíltigirn to correct the grammar so that it can be registered.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the central tip of the per chevron line of division rising higher on the field.

Elena Edgar. Device change. Per bend sinister gules and argent all semy of crosses of four lozenges counterchanged.

Her old device, Per bend argent and gules, a seadog rampant counterchanged, is released.

Elianora Saunfayle. Device. Quarterly sable and vert, an annulet Or within a bordure argent.

This is clear of the badge of Aleksei Zateev, Vert, a roundel Or, a bordure argent. There is a CD for the change of field and a CD for the change of type of primary charge from a roundel to an annulet. There is at least significant difference (CD) between the primary charges. Since it is not necessary to determine whether an annulet and a roundel are substantially (X.2) different at this time, we decline to rule on that question.

H{o,}skuldr dáðaskáld. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Höskuldr Dá{d-}askáld, the name appears on the forms as Höskuldr Dáðaskáld. We'd like to remind submissions heralds that, as discussed on the July 2005 Cover Letter, the edh, ð, and the Croatian slashed-d, {d-}, are not the same letters and cannot be used interchangeably. When inputting a submission into OSCAR, please be sure that you use the correct letters.

The LoI documented both elements from Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name, but in fact neither element appears in that work as cited. In the pamphlet, the given name is spelled H{o,}skuldr, and the byname is not capitalized, dáðaskáld. We have corrected the name to match the documentation so that it can be registered.

Ormr Kolgrimsson. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for a Norse invader in Calais, Normandy, in 920. Both Ormr and Kolgrimr were documented from Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name, where both names are noted as occurring in Landnámabók, so both elements are suitable for his desired period. Our best source for names of Scandinavians in Normandy is Des Gautries, Les Noms de Personnes Scandinaves en Normandie de 911 a 1066, which unfortunately does not list either name. Therefore we cannot confirm that his name is authentic for his desired place, though it is likely that it is.

Riviere Constelle, Shire of. Reblazon of device (see RETURNS for augmentation). Per chevron throughout wavy Or and sable mullety of four points Or, in chief a compass star azure and a laurel wreath vert.

Blazoned when registered in February 1988 as Sable, mulletty of four points, chape wavy Or, in chief a compass-star azure and a laurel wreath vert, we no longer allowed chapé sections of the field to be charged.

Weldlake, Canton of. Branch name and device. Per pall inverted argent, Or, and azure, a hurst proper and in chief a laurel wreath gules.

The petition of support for this name and device was dated August 16, 2006. The Administrative Handbook IV.C.5 says that "petitions and poll reports must include dates, as they must demonstrate current support for the submission." A petition which is out of date by three years will generally not be considered evidence for current support. However, a comparison of the names of the people who signed the petition in 2006 with the Canton's webpage shows that 8 of the people who signed it are current officers of the canton (the page was last updated September 2, 2009), and a further 4 are in the list of current members (that page was last updated June 17, 2009), and there is only one person who signed the petition in 2006 who is not listed as a current member. In this case, we are willing to be lenient; the name and device were submitted a day after the petition was signed, and it was through no fault of the group's that the submission only reached Laurel three years later.

NORTHSHIELD

Eilene O'Magher. Name.

According to the forms, the submitter cares most about the sound of the name, which she gives as Eileen Mahaer. Please inform the submitter that the byname Maher is more likely to be pronounced as she desires than the submitted O'Magher. O Maher is listed as an Anglicized Irish form of Ó Meachair dating to temp. Elizabeth I - James I in Woulfe, Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish Names and Surnames. Support for using the particle O in a feminine byname was given on the July 2008 LoAR:

Siren provides further examples from The Irish Fiants of the Tudor Sovereigns, including: Rose O Birne alias Rose nyne Yaghe O Toole 1597-8, Margaret O Brene 1577, Margaret Conor alias O'Conor 1560-1, Fenoile O'Done 1568-9, Oweny O'Kenally 1552, Egidia or Giles O'Colledan 1553, Mary O'Dyn alias Moore O'Dwyne 1547, Margarete O'Connor 1558. [Kathleen O'Dunchan, Caid-A]

Additionally, Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #3303 lists the late-period Anglicized Irish feminine names Ellen Donovane, Joaane Donovane, and Anne Ferrall. These all support Maher as a suitable Anglicized Irish byname for a woman.

Isolde Rosaker. Device. Per chevron vert and argent, in base a rose proper, a bordure wavy sable.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the per chevron line of division so that it splits the field into two nearly even parts. In period, a per chevron line of division would usually rise very near the top of the device.

Jois Corbet. Name and device. Azure, two staples in chevron inverted, points to chief, argent braced and entwined around an arrow inverted Or.

Kersteken Arends. Name and device. Purpure, in pale three millrinds argent.

Nice device!

Madeleine de Bellemare. Name.

Nice 16th C French name!

Orlova Dolina, Shire of. Branch name (see RETURNS for device).

Ruadnat Ruad ingen ui Briain. Device. Per pall Or, azure, and vert, a roundel per bend azure and Or, a roundel per bend sinister Or and vert and a bezant.

OUTLANDS

Cadlae Horsey. Name and device. Per pale purpure and argent, a key fesswise reversed counterchanged.

This name combines Middle Irish and English, which is a step from period practice.

Carola von Naumburg. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There was some question whether Naumburg was a Low or High German name. Since the record of J. Naumburger from 1527 in Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Naumburger is from Trebur, 35km from Frankfurt, it's reasonable to assume that this spelling was found in a High German document.

Carola is the submitter's legal given name.

Cilléne mac Conghalaigh. Device. Azure, a lymphad with sail set and oars shipped argent, in dexter chief a mullet of eight points Or.

Conall Mór MacNachtan. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, three bees counterchanged.

This name combines Gaelic and Scots, which is a step from period practice. A wholly Gaelic form of the name would be Conall Mór mac Nechtain; Nechtan is the standardized Middle Irish form of a name dated to 1160 in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals". A wholly Scots form of the name would be Conall Moir MacNachtan or Conall More MacNachtan. Black, The Surnames of Scotland dates John Moir McAgowne to 1619 s.n. MacAgowne and Patrik More McCaslen to 1613 s.n. MacAuslan.

Conall Mór MacNachtan. Badge. (Fieldless) A bee per pale argent and sable.

Conall of Stony Ford. Device. Per bend Or and argent, a retort reversed gules and a domestic cat sejant sable.

Daria Lebedeva. Name and device. Gules, a swan between four musical notes two and two argent.

Dearbháil inghean Léoid. Device. Argent, a pile sable between two valknuts purpure.

The use of a valknut is a step from period practice.

Frank von Hunsrück. Name.

Marie le Noir de Navarre. Name change from holding name Marie of Hawk's Hollow.

Listed on the LoI as Marie la Noire de Navarre, the name was originally submitted as Marie le Noir de Navarre and changed in kingdom so that the first byname matched the gender of the given name. However, changing the gender of an element is a major change:

[The masculine name] Ni`ma would not be registerable with the byname al-'Aliyya, because al-'Aliyya is feminine and Arabic bynames must agree in gender with the given name. As the submitter desires a feminine name and does not allow major changes (such as changing the gender of an element), we are returning this. [Ni'ma al-'Aliyya, LoAR 07/2008, Atenveldt-R]

The submitter does not allow major changes, and no indication was given on the LoI or with the documentation that the Outlands College of Heralds had secured her permission for this change. Lacking such permission, the change should not have been made.

Luckily, the gender of the byname does not need to be changed in order for this name to registerable. By the end of our period, when fixed, inherited bynames were used in many parts of France, there are examples of women using grammatically masculine forms of bynames, e.g.:

Agnes Ledrut, Jehanne Lefebvre, Jehenne Lefebvre, Jenne Lefebvre, and Marie Leconte, in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Artois, 1601".

Anthoinette le Mercier 1591, Catherine le Preux 1588, Françoise le Clercq 1588, Isabelle le Clercq 1592, Marguerite le Clercq 1594, Marguerite le Vignierz 1591, Marie le Clercq 1585, Nicole Lemoisne 1599, in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Names Found in Ambleny Registers 1578-1616".

These examples support the use of a grammatically masculine byname with a feminine given name in late-period French. We have restored the name to the originally submitted form in order to register it.

Michelet Chauveau. Device. Purpure, a horse rampant Or mullety sable.

N{a-}'ilah al-Raqq{a-}{s.}ah. Name.

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Order name Order of Courage and badge. Or, in saltire a stag's attire gules and a sword sable.

Nice order name!

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Heraldic title Besom Herald.

It was the consensus of the commenters that Besom is just different enough from Bezant in sound and appearance that this heraldic title does not conflict with the already-registered Order of the Bezant.

Sixtus Goetz. Device. Per pale Or and vert, a chevron cotised counterchanged.

This is clear of the device of Talen Gustaf of Marienburg, Per pale Or and vert, three chevronels counterchanged, overall a double-bitted axe palewise sable. Talen's device is definitely three chevronels, not a cotised chevron. They are, therefore, clear, with a CD for the change of number of primary charges (from three to one), one for the addition of secondary charges (the cotises), and one for the removal of the axe.

William Stuart. Device. Gules, an eagle displayed within a bordure Or semy of crescents sable.

Please instruct the submitter to draw rounder crescents that look more like croissants and less like bananas.

TRIMARIS

Agnarr Hamalsson. Name.

Bronach of Kildare. Name and device. Or, on a shamrock vert a mullet argent, a bordure sable.

Listed on the LoI as Bruinneach of Kildare, the given name Bruinneach is not registerable. The only bearer of this name noted by Ó Corráin & Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Bruinnech is a Munster princess whose virginity was miraculously restored by St. Ciarán of Saigir. Names whose only examples we have are people in saint legends who are not saints themselves are not generally registerable:

Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 46 s.n. Cassair) gives this as the name of a holy virgin included in the legend of Saint Kevin. No evidence has been found that this name was used by humans in period. Names of saints are registerable, regardless of whether they are apocryphal or not. This policy is due to the practice in many cultures (though not in Gaelic) of naming children for saints. (For more details, see the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR.) As Cassair was not herself a saint and the name has not been documented as having been otherwise used in period, it falls into the category of a legendary name and is not registerable. [Cassair Warwick, 02/02 LoAr, R-Atlantia]

Since the submitter cares most about the sound of the name, we have changed the given name to Bronach, the name of a 6th C Irish saint and abbess. The resulting name combines Gaelic and English, which is a step from period practice.

Castellana Roseia Diez y Rodriquez. Name change from holding name Ruthann of An Crosaire and badge. (Fieldless) On a rose argent barbed vert, a cock's head azure issuant from a coronet Or.

No documentation was provided on the LoI for the spelling Rodriquez, as opposed to the more common form Rodriguez. Siren found examples of the q spelling in New Spain (Mexico). Aiton, Antonio de Mendoza, First Viceroy of New Spain dates Sebastian Rodriquez to 1548 and also mentions a Francisco Rodriquez who was a canon of the church in Mexico at roughly the same time.

The submitter indicated that she cared most about 13th-15th C Spanish/Portuguese culture. Please inform her that Roseia is an English name which is out of place in an otherwise wholly Spanish name. The combination of English and Spanish is a step from period practice.

The coronet in this device is equivalent to a maintained charge. Therefore, since it has some contrast with the underlying rose, it is registerable.

The submitter is a court baroness and, therefore, entitled to use a coronet in her armory.

Dearbhforgaill Bhreifneach inghean Mhic Ruairc. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Dearbhorgaill_inghean_Ruairc ar Breffny, the name was originally submitted as Dearbhorgaill nic Ruairc de Breffny, and changed in kingdom to "keep language and temporal integrity". Unfortunately, the changed form still has a number of problems.

First, Dearbhorgaill is a modern form of the name. According to Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals", forms of this name were in use between 684 and 1476. The standardized Middle Irish form of the name is Der bForgaill or Derbforgaill, and the standardized Early Modern Irish form is Dearbhforgaill. Lacking evidence that Dearbhorgaill is consistent with period Irish orthography, it is not registerable.

Second, the latest example that we have of the patronym is from the Middle Irish period, where the standardized spelling of the name is Ruarcc. Lacking evidence that the given name Ruarcc was used in the Early Modern period, its Early Modern form is not registerable. Woulfe, Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. Mac Ruairc provides evidence that the byname Mac Ruairc was used in the late 16th/early 17th C. By this time, it was an inherited family name; the appropriate feminine form of this byname is inghean Mhic Ruairc.

Third, no documentation was provided for the construction ar Breffny, and none could be found by the commenters. Breffny itself was documented from MacLysaght, The Surnames of Ireland. On the July 2007 Cover Letter, MacLysaght was ruled to be unacceptable as the sole source of documentation for a name element, because he provides few, if any, dates, and the majority of the forms found in his works are explicitly modern. The Gaelic name of the kingdom is Bréifne. Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" gives several examples of the masculine byname Breifneach "Brefnian, Brefnish", indicating a man who comes from Bréifne, in the Early Modern Irish era. For a woman, the appropriate form of the byname is Bhreifneach, and it should come after the given name, before the second byname.

To correct all of these issues, we have changed the name to Dearbhforgaill Bhreifneach inghean Mhic Ruairc_ in order to register it.

Draco Giusti. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Please inform the submitter that the byname Giusti means 'son of Giusto'. If he wants a name meaning 'Draco the just', we recommend Draco Giusto.

This name combines Latinized French and Italian, which is a step from period practice.

Elyn verch Gwilim. Name change from holding name Elyn of Darkwater.

Submitted as Elyn verch Gwilim ap Emrys, this was a resubmission of the name Elyn verch Gwilim, which was returned on the August 2008 LoAR for conflict with Elena verch Gwilim. However, that return was made in error; the name Elena verch Gwilim was released in June 2006. Because the originally submitted name is registerable, we have restored the name to the previous form. We apologize to the submitter for the error that we made.

Gavin Kyncade. Name and device. Vert, two swords in saltire and on a chief wavy argent a bow purpure.

This does not conflict with Gareth Kincaid, since the given names Gavin and Gareth look and sound significantly different.

The submitter indicated that if the name had to be changed, he cared most about 12th C Scots language/culture. Please inform the submitter that the name, while registerable, is not suitable for the 12th C, as the earliest Scots form of the given name that we have found are from the 16th C.

Hanko Kale. Name.

Submitted as Hanko Kahl, the following documentation for Kahl was provided on the LoI:

Kahl: German Names - Bahlow/Gentry bald, bald headed p 255 R. Coletrop, lv. 1325, Kaleford, Kolheynrich Liogaite, 1372

This summary managed to misspell every single citation. The correct spellings of the elements as found in Bahlow are:

Calekop Lüb. 1325; Kalefend, Kalheynrich Liegnitz 1372.

The entry also says that the byname is found in "Silesia and Lausitz also with 'strong' ending", with citations of Kaler in Glatz 1384 and Görlitz 1434. Additionally the spelling Caleman is dated to 1381 in Zittau. None of the documented forms support the spelling Kahl, and none of the commenters were able to find any period citations for this spelling. Since the submitter cares most about the meaning of the name ('bald Hanko'), we have changed the name to Hanko Kale, using the most common of the documented spellings, in order to register it.

Leopold Bachmann. Device. Per bend embattled sable and gules, two lions rampant to sinister Or.

Manfred von Falkenhagen. Name and device. Gules, a lymphad with sail furled and oars shipped and in chief three eagles argent.

Blazoned on the Letter of Intent as falcons, the illustration used is exactly the illustration of eagles from Fox-Davies A Complete Guide to Heraldry. While we permit some latitude in bird types in the SCA, everything about these birds points to them being eagles: they are displayed, their feathers are ruffled, and they have no bells or jesses.

Matfei Krotyssev Horkov. Name and device. Gules, on a lozenge argent a crow contourny sable, issuant from dexter three wolf's teeth argent.

Matfei Krotyssev Horkov. Badge. Sable, a lizard rampant argent.

This is clear of the badge for the Barony of Lions Gate's, (Fieldless) A monster rampant with the body of a lion sable and the head and tail of an alligator argent. There is a CD for the field compared to a fieldless badge and a CD for the change of tincture because the sable body on Lions Gate's badge is more than half the charge.

Matfei Krotyssev Horkov. Badge. Argent, on a pellet within an annulet gules a lizard rampant argent, a bordure gules.

Osbert the Greyberd. Name.

No documentation was provided on the LoI for the use of the definite article with the byname Greyberd; the only examples found by the commenters of beard-based bynames with the definite article also had a preposition, e.g., a la barbe 1178, Ouelabarbe 1280, and od la Barbe 1311, in Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Beard. During the road-show, Siren found examples of le Berd in the 1296 subsidy of Sussex, online at http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=65845&strquery=%22le%20berd%22. It is possible that these examples are errors for the locative byname de Berd (which Reaney & Wilson s.n. Beard dated to 1327); misreading le for de and vice versa is one of the most common copying/transcription errors. However, we're willing to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that these examples do in fact use the definite article, which supports the use of the definite article in the submitted byname.

Trisel, Shire of. Branch name and device. Argent, a tree proper between in fess two laurel wreaths vert, a base checky azure and Or.

Nice name!

WEST

Donald MacMillan. Name and device. Sable, a chevron and in base a vair bell argent.

The vair bell does not appear to be a period charge, nor does it appear to be a very popular charge in the SCA, with only 10 registrations. Accordingly, unless documented to period, single vair bells will not be registerable after the April 2010 Laurel meeting.

Fiametta Margherita del Sanguigno. Name and device. Per chevron Or and gules, two gouttes and a foxglove slipped and leaved counterchanged.

Submitted as Fiametta Margharita del Sanguigno, both the forms and the documentation spelled the second given name Margherita. We have made this correction.

The byname del Sanguigno was documented on the basis of the family name Sanguini found in the list of family names in the "Online Tratte of Office Holders, 1282-1532", and examples of pairs of names in the Catasto which have both -i and -o variants. However, this is a misunderstanding of the data, as Siren explains:

Let me start by saying that this name should be fine...However, the documentation has a misunderstanding.

You present evidence of given names that appear both with <-i> and <-o>, but the documented <Sanguigni> isn't a given name. It's a family name, presumably deriving from an unattested (from your point of view) name <Sanguigno>. I can confirm that the name <Sanguigno> is found in Pisa in 1427 (in the Catasto data in my possession). There is support for family names formed from <del+given name> both in the Tratte discussion of names (at http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/doc/NN-Names.html, not the root directory) and in my article on the names from the Florentine Condado (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/condado), where I say "Some patronymic family names are formed in this data by putting del in front of the unmodified form of the name: del Nero, del Drea, del Duccio. But these are much rarer than the first type."

Blazoned initially with the tinctures reversed, a correction was issued in a timely fashion, allowing us to register this device.

Fiametta Margherita del Sanguigno. Badge. (Fieldless) A spoon argent and a snake Or entwined.

Godric of Castlemont. Name and device. Gules, on a plate an orle of roundels sable, a bordure argent pellety.

Submitted as Godric Of Castlemont, no documentation was provided for the capitalized preposition. While according to the forms the submitter allowed no changes, the name on the device forms was spelled with the lower-case preposition, so we contacted the submitter to see if he would allow the decapitalization of the preposition. He did, so we have changed the name to Godric of Castlemont in order to register it.

Katherine d'Aquitaine. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The question was raised whether this name conflicted with Katherine Swynford, who was the wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Aquitaine, from 1396-1399. The commenters were agreed that Katherine Swynford is important enough to protect from conflict. While we protect important non-SCA people under all names by which they were known, we do not protect them under all names by which they possibly could have been known. Precedent says:

There was some question about whether this name conflicts with Geoffrey Plantagenet, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, who was the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine and who has his own entry in the online Encyclopedia Britannica under the header of Geoffrey IV. No evidence was found that Geoffrey Plantagenet was ever known as Geoffrey fitz Henry. Therefore, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and are registering this name. [Geoffrey Fitz Henrie, 12/2002, A-An Tir]

The case here is similar; we have found no evidence that Katherine was called Katherine d'Aquitaine, instead of Katherine Swynford or Katherine of Lancaster, even though she was Duchess of Aquitaine for three years. Therefore, we will likewise give the submitter of the benefit of the doubt with this name, and register it.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th-16th C French. We have not found any examples of the byname d'Aquitaine used outside of the Dukes and Duchesses of Aquitaine. For an authentic name, we recommend that the submitter pick the name of a town within Aquitaine, and create a locative byname based on that.

Owen ap Morgan. Badge. (Fieldless) An estoile vert.

Precedent says:

Just as we grant a CD between a sun and a mullet (of 5 points), so do we grant a CD between a sun and an estoile (of 6 rays). (Monica Eve le May, July, 1993, pg. 6)

Therefore, this badge is clear of the device of Áed Vilhálmson, Quarterly Or and argent, in dexter chief a sun in splendor vert. There is a CD for fieldlessness and a CD for the difference between a sun and an estoile.

Precedent also says:

[Counter-ermine, three estoiles Or] This does not conflict with the Counts of Celje (important non-SCA arms), Azure, three mullets of six points Or. There is one CD for changing the field. The SCA has consistently held, since the Cover Letter for the June 1991 LoAR, that mullets should be given a CD from estoiles (in the estoile's standard depiction, with six wavy rays). [Giovanni Basilio de Castronovo, 10/02, A-Lochac]

Therefore, this badge is also clear of the device of Otto Bötticher von Spreebrucke, Argent, seven swords, blades fretted to form a mullet of seven points, vert, with a CD for fieldlessness and at least another CD for the difference between an estoile and a mullet of fretted swords.

Lastly, the badge is clear of the flag of Morocco, Gules, a mullet voided and interlaced vert. There is a CD for fieldlessness and another CD for the difference between an estoile and a mullet voided and interlaced.

Nice badge!

Owen Flechyr. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, a stag salient contourny between in annulo six mullets of six points argent.

This does not conflict with Alun Fletcher, since Owen and Alun are significantly different in sound and appearance.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the mullets slightly larger, to better fill the available space.

West, Kingdom of. Badge for the Royal Guild of Fence. (Fieldless) An open book Or surmounted by a rapier vert.

Royal Guild of Fence is a generic designator.

- Explicit littera accipiendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Ælric Ravenshaw. Household name House Silver Talon.

This household name is returned for lack of documentation that it follows period patterns of English household names.

The LoI documented the name as following the pattern of "color" + "thing" in Meradudd Cethin, "Project Ordensnamen". However, this is a pattern for order names, not for household names, and patterns which are plausible for one type of organization of people are not necessarily plausible for another type. As Siren explains:

To be a house name, this must be justified as an inn sign name. It can't be based on the pattern for an order, as it's not an order. The concept is at some level fine; Margaret's "Comparison of Inn/Shop/House names found London 1473-1600 with those found in the ten shires surrounding London in 1636" (http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~grm/signs-1485-1636.html) has <Eagles foote> before 1600. Mari's "English Sign Names From 17th Century Tradesman's Tokens" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/Tokens/) has <Golden Leg>. That's probably close enough to give <talon> the benefit of the doubt.

The structure has a problem; we find inn-sign names as <House of the X> or as <X House>, but not as <House X>.

Precedent from August 2008 discusses other patterns that household names based on inn-signs can have:

[House Steel Fang]Finally, we note that none of the examples of household names based on signs that were provided on the LoI or in commentary support the pattern House [of] X. Instead, the documented patterns include X (with no designator; note that this pattern is not registerable as it violates RfS III.2.b), X Inn, X Tavern, X Brewhouse, and Sign of X. [Mederic de Chastelerault and Ameera al-Sarrakha, LoAR 08/2008, Atenveldt-R].

In the context of the current submission, all of House of the Silver Talon, Silver Talon House, Silver Talon Inn, Silver Talon Tavern, Silver Talon Brewhouse, and Sign of the Silver Talon are registerable. However, the submitter will not accept any changes, so we cannot change the name to one of these forms.

Iain Ard mac an Bhaird. Household name Teulu Trobwll and badge. Per bend sinister sable and argent, a wolf's tooth issuant from chief and a wolf's tooth issuant from base conjoined counterchanged.

The household name is returned for lack of documentation that the word Trobwll was used in Medieval Welsh. The word was documented from Lewis, Welsh-English English-Welsh Dictionary, meaning 'whirlpool'. While this demonstrates that the word is used in Modern Welsh, it does not show that the word was also used either in our period or in the grey area. Lacking evidence that it was, Trobwll is not registerable.

This badge is returned for violating Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." Nearly all of the commenters were unable to identify the charges, many confusing them with the disallowed ribbon.

In addition, this badge is returned for having more than a single step from period practice in a single piece of armory. Wolf's teeth were never used singly in period, but always appear in groups of three. Wolf's teeth also never issued from chief in period, usually from the sides of the field or very rarely from base.

ANSTEORRA

Roana le Wolf. Device. Gules, on a cross Or a cross sable, in canton a chalice Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Wulfgar von Regensburg, Gules, on a cross Or a cross sable, in dexter chief a cross formy Or. While the submitter included a letter of permission to conflict, the letter is not signed as required by section III.C.3 of the Administrative Handbook.

Sean Graeme. Name.

This is being returned for two different conflicts.

First, it was the consensus of the commenters that Sean and Siobhan are not significantly different in sound, so this name conflicts with Siobhan Graym.

Second, the submitted name differs from the submitter's legal name only by a slight change in the spelling of the surname, a change which does not result in any difference in pronunciation. Admin Handbook III.A.10 Name Used by the Submitter Outside the Society says:

No name will be registered to a submitter if it is identical to a name used by the submitter for purposes of identification outside of a Society context...A small change in the name is sufficient for registration, such as the addition of a syllable or a spelling change that changes the pronunciation. However, a change to spelling without a change in pronunciation is not sufficient.

Since the change in the spelling of the surname does not result in a change of the pronunciation, the submitted name is not sufficiently different from his legal name.

His device has been registered under the holding name Sean of Wiesenfeuer.

ATENVELDT

Aodhan McKie. Name.

This conflicts with Aidan Mackay; the given names are variants of each other, and they are pronounced similarly. The bynames are also not significantly different in sound.

Please advise the submitter that if he wishes to resubmit with the same byname, per the September 2007 Cover Letter the abbreviation Mc- needs to be expanded to Mac-, e.g., MacKie.

His device and badge have been registered under the holding name Aodhan of Twin Moons.

Christiana Gaston Dax. Name change from Christiane Dax.

This is returned for lack of documentation for the pattern <patronymic byname> + <unmarked locative byname> in Occitan, the language in which both Gaston and Dax were documented. We would add the preposition de to make the second byname a marked locative, de Dax, but the submitter does not allow major changes, such as adding an element.

Gawayn Langknyfe. Device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, a bull-headed human with bull's hoofs vested of a loincloth per bend Or and argent between in bend a battle axe Or and a battle axe argent.

This device is returned because the primary charge is not recognizable. The monster's horns were drawn here to blend with the body, in such a way that they could not be distinguished. If any charge's identifying features are not readily seen, that charge is not identifiable, and thus not registerable.

Blazoned on the LoI as a minotaur, the monster drawn here fits neither the Classical Greek nor the medieval definition of the term. The Classical Greek minotaur of antiquity was drawn on pottery as a man with a bull's head; by medieval times, the minotaur was depicted as a centaur-like monster with a bull's body, a man's torso, and occasionally bull's horns from the man's head. This is neither. The head is not a bull's head (though it has bull's horns and ears), and the hind legs have cloven hooves, so it is not a Classical Greek minotaur; and it has a human body and legs, not a bull's body, so it's not a medieval minotaur. Please instruct the submitter that any resubmission including a minotaur should use a period depiction of the monster, drawn in a period style.

John Ailewrde. Device. Per pale vert and gules, in pale three wolves dormant argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Derrick of Kent, Per chevron enhanced gules and sable, in base in pale three wolves couchant argent. There is a CD for the field, but Derrick's line of division is nearly at the top of the field and the wolves in that design fill most of the field, as do the ones in John's submission. There is no difference granted for the change from couchant to dormant.

Phelan Ó Coileáin. Badge. Sable, a cross alisée gules fimbriated argent.

This badge is returned for conflict with the badge for the Order of the Knights Templars, (Fieldless) A Latin cross formy gules. There is a CD for the field vs. a fieldless design, but we grant no difference for fimbriation, we do not grant difference between a Latin cross and a cross not so elongated, and we do not grant difference for embowing the ends of the arms.

It is also returned for conflict with the device of Ivan the Astronomer, Per fess wavy argent and gules, in canton a cross patty gules, with a CD for the field. A cross patty is another name for a cross formy, so there is no difference in type. The cross in Ivan's device is forced out of the default position in the center of the field. By precedent, we do not assume that it moves to a particular place:

[returning Sable, in chief a dragon couchant Or and a gore Or papellony gules for conflict with Sable, a dragon dormant Or] There is a CD for adding the gore; however, the gore forces the dragon to move and thus there is not a CD for the position of the dragon. RfS X.4.g states "Changing the relative position of charges in any group placed directly on the field or overall is one clear difference, provided that the change is not caused by other changes in the design." Adding the gore forces the dragon to move, thus its location cannot grant CD. [Miklos Temesvari, October 2006, R-East]

Please inform the submitter that any further submissions of this style of cross, here called a cross alisée, which resembles a cross patty/formy with the notches cut out of a roundel, rather than a delf, must be accompanied by documentation that it is a period cross or a period artistic motif. While we have registered this cross in the past, it has been fifteen years since the last registration, in which time our standards have become more rigorous. The only known place that this form of cross is found is in Elvin's Dictionary of Heraldry. Without more reliable evidence of its period use, we rule the cross alisée (also called the cross formy convex) unregisterable.

Sara Blackthorne. Device. Argent, on a heart gules a key fesswise reversed argent and in chief a staff fesswise entwined by a thorn vine sable.

This device is returned for violating section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." The charge group in chief is not at all recognizable. Were it drawn to match the staff entwined of a vine registered to her husband, William Griffin Blackthorne, it would be registerable through the Grandfather Clause.

Properly drawn, the device is clear of the device of Thomas Heath, Argent, on a heart gules, a unicorn passant regardant argent. There is a CD for the addition of the charges in chief and a CD, under section X.4.j.i of the Rules for Submission, for the change of type and orientation of the tertiary charge.

Wolfgar beytill. Name.

The byname beytill was ruled unregisterable in January 2006:

The byname, beytill--"horse-penis" or "banger/pounder"--is offensive per RfS IV.1 which says "Pornographic or scatological terms will not be registered. Obscene terminology, sexually explicit material, bathroom or toilet humor, etc. are considered inherently offensive by a large segment of the Society and general population." There is some merit to the argument that beytill is a species of plant that resembles a horse's member, including the definition in Richard Cleasby's, An Icelandic English Dictionary. However, two other reasonably scholarly sources give it the meanings listed above, Haraldsson, The Old Norse Name, and Finnur Jónsson: "Tilnavnene i den islandske Oldlitteratur" in Aarbøger for nordisk oldkyndighed og historie 1907 vol. 22.

Some commenters argued that, because the name was in a language that few SCA members understand, the sexual reference would go unnoticed and hence the name would not be offensive. This argument carries some weight. However, the rule does not make exceptions for "offensive terms in the SCA lingua anglica". We apply the same rules to non-English languages for documentation, construction, and grammar; we must, therefore, apply the same standards in matters of offensive [sic]. The rule doesn't say that the Society has to understand it, but strongly suggests that the very nature of the name is what makes it offensive, and once the translation is made known, the name itself would be inherently offensive to a large segment of the Society. [Finnr beytill, Atlantia-R, LoAR 01/2006]

Additionally, no copies of the documentation for either element of the name were provided. Since neither element was documented from a source appearing on Appendix H of the Administrative Handbook, failure to provide photocopies or printouts of the documentation is grounds for return.

The LoI did not note that the name was originally submitted as Wolfgar Beytill, with the capitalization changed in kingdom. While this is not a reason for return in itself, we remind submissions heralds that failure to properly summarize any changes made to names in kingdom can be grounds for pend.

ATLANTIA

Felix del Rey. Device. Per chevron azure and argent, three open books one and two Or and a sword inverted sable.

Precedent on the depiction of open books says:

The "book" in the blazon is not what we normally blazon as a book. Books, in heraldry, have multiple pages with a cover that can be seen behind the pages. The depicted item is similar in appearance to a single open sheet of paper, arranged in much the same fashion as the pages of a book are frequently depicted. Since the charge is not recognizable as a book, this violates RfS VII.7.a, which requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." Therefore, this device must be returned. [Leopold Grimme, December 2008, R-Caid]

Like those described above, the 'books' in this submission appear to be single open sheets of paper. They are not recognizable as books, and therefore, this device must be returned.

On resubmission, please instruct the submitter to draw a full handle on the sword.

Henry Bartholomew Weste. Device. Per pale azure and sable, on a tankard Or a Celtic cross azure.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Gregory of Grand Sea, Barry wavy argent and azure, on a pitcher Or a compass star azure. There is a single CD for a field, but no difference is granted between a tankard and a pitcher. There is not a CD for changing only the type of tertiary charge, since a tankard/pitcher is too complex to be suitable for purposes of section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submission.

Lillie of the Red Tower. Device. Per bend vert and argent, a lily argent and three towers gules.

This device conflicts with the device of Monique de la Maison Rouge, Quarterly argent and gules, four towers counterchanged. There is a CD for the field. There is not a CD for the change of only one of the four towers to a lily. There is not a CD for the change of one of the gules charges to argent. There is not a CD for the arrangement, since both positions are forced by the tincture.

CAID

Cormac Mór. Badge. (Fieldless), A pelican in her piety argent within and conjoined to an annulet of chain Or.

This badge is returned for the use of reserved charges to which the submitter is not entitled. Cormac is not a member of the Order of Chivalry or the Order of the Pelican. On the Cover Letter to the May 2009 LoAR, Laurel declined to drop the protection and reservation of these items for those orders.

Giles Hill. Name change from Giles Hill of Sweetwater.

This name change is returned because no forms for it were received by the Laurel office, as is required by Administrative Handbook V.C. Completed Paperwork, which says "No submission, including any resubmission, appeal, change or release of a protected item, etc., shall be considered for registration until a complete set of paperwork is provided to the appropriate heraldic officer."

Giles Hill of Sweetwater. Heraldic title Chrysostom Pursuivant.

The LoI documented this heraldic title as following the pattern <Surname> + Herald, noting that Chrysostom was the byname of a saint who died in 407 and a sophist and rhetorician who died in 115. However, as with household name patterns, the patterns for heraldic titles that are discussed in Juliana de Luna's article cited on the LoI, "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Overview", are patterns that are used in specific places and specific times, and one needs to demonstrate that both the elements and the pattern can be found in the same culture. Siren explains the problems with the current submission:

The name <Chrysostomos> (the Greek form) is not unique; it was used for other orators. However, no evidence has been presented, and I haven't found any, that this element would have been used in a culture that created heraldic titles, let alone in one that created them from family names (that's England and France).

We would need evidence for Chrysostom being used as a family name in England or France before this heraldic title could be registered on the basis of the pattern <Surname> + Herald.

Gregor MacDonald and Petronel Harlakenden. Joint household name House Evergold.

This is returned for two reasons: problems with the construction of Evergold and problems with the overall construction of the household name.

Evergold was constructed to mean 'ever gold' or 'always gold' on the basis of the pattern <adverb> + <adjective> discussed in Jönsjö, Studies on Middle English Nicknames, vol. 1, p. 31:

13 exponents. The adverb modifies the adjective in a positive direction in Ayredy (ON ey), Swythgod (OE swiðe), Trehardy (OF tres) and negatively in Everwake (OE æfre), Malvais (OF mal), Ouerprud (OE ofer), Tardcurtays (OF tart), Togod (OE to), Tropinel (OF trop) and Yllewyly (ON illr). In Alleblack, Tutriche and Tuttgay, OE al(l) and OF tot have an emphatic function.

These bynames mean 'always ready', 'very good', 'very bold/courageous', 'ever watchful', 'bad way/direction', 'over proud', 'late' + 'courteous' = 'discourteous', 'too good', 'too hasty', and 'ill willing', respectively. The last three are 'all black', 'totally rich', and 'totally gay'. The examples with positive or negative adverbs, which include Ever, all modify adjectives referring to a person's character. Gold is not such an adjective, so it does not follow the construction exemplified by these bynames.

Even if Evergold was a reasonable surname, the pattern House + <Surname> is not registerable:

[We] rule that, lacking examples of the pattern House + <inherited surname>, household names following this pattern are not registerable.

The pattern House of <inherited surname> continues to be registerable in English on the basis of period examples such as the house of Lancastre 1464, in the Middle English Dictionary, s.v. hous.

Siren notes that

There are examples of buildings (and perhaps by extension, of those who dwell within) known as <X House>, where X is a name element:

-	Michael House

-	Peter Houwse

(both from my and Mari's "Names of English Colleges" http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/Colleges/)

Either House of Gawain or Gawain House would be registerable. However, either adding of or switching the order of the elements is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, so we are forced to return this name. [LoAR 05/2009, Middle-R]

The current submitters also do not allow major changes, such as adding of or swapping the designator and the substantive element.

DRACHENWALD

Tor zum Norden, Shire of. Branch name and device. Per chevron azure and vert, a castle and in chief four laurel wreaths Or.

The name was intended to mean "gate to the north", but while documentation was provided that the elements Tor and Norden are German words meaning "gate" and "north", no documentation was provided that Tor zum Norden is a grammatically correct phrase meaning "gate to the north" or, more importantly, that "gate to the north" is a plausible period German place name. Ælfwynn Leoflæde dohtor comments:

I would not expect the form "Tor zum Norden" as a place name. Looking at the Nord- and Nor- names in Brechenmacher that come from place names, I find (modern town name forms in parentheses):

(Nordeck/Nordegg) =north corner Norden = northern Nordtenberch/Nortenberg (Nordenberg) =northern mountain Nordenstat (Nordenstadt) =northern city Nortgöw (Nordgau) =northern river valley (Nordhalden) not sure of meaning Nordhusen Northus[er] (Nordhausen)= northern houses Northeim (Nordheim) =northern home Northof =northern farmstead Nordholdz =northern wood Nordkirch(en) =northern church(es) Norstetten (Nordstetten) not sure of meaning Nortwil (Nordweil) =north hamlet Northem (Northeim) =north home

None examples of medieval German place names using the element Tor, either as a first element or a second element, were provided. Such examples would be required before Tor would be registerable as part of a German place name.

The commenters requested authenticity for the 12th century (language/culture unspecified, but presumably German). There are few good resources for 12th C German place names. We can recommend, in addition to Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, cited above, which has many examples of surnames deriving from place names, the following resources which may be helpful in resubmitting:

-	Hans Bahlow, Deutschlands geographisches Namenwelt: etymologisches Lexikon der Fluss- und Ortsnamen alteuropäischer Herkunft.

-	Wolf-Armin Reitzenstein, Lexikon bayerischer Ortsnamen: Herkunft und Bedeutung.

Since we do not form holding names for groups, the device must also be returned.

EAST

Caitriona inghean Chalbhaigh. Device. Vert, on a bend between a triquetra and three thistles argent a hawk volant sable.

This device is returned for technical conflict with the device of Karl Braden von Sobernheim, Vert, on a bend doubly cotised argent a violin sable. There is no CD for the changes of type only of the tertiary charges, as the device is too complex to be suitable for purposes of X.4.j.ii. There is a CD for the change of type of the secondary charges. There is not a CD for the change of arrangement of the secondary charges, from one above and three below the primary charge to two above and two below the primary charge, because only one of the four secondary charges is moving. The position of the cotises is otherwise forced.

Ísgerðr ísungr. Device. Sable, a chevron between in chevron four escarbuncles of six arms and a bear statant argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Cerdic of Atenveldt, Sable, a chevron between four triskeles three and one argent. There is a CD for changing the type of secondary charges, but nothing for changing the number as four is not significantly different from five.

Rowan Orr. Device. Per pale vert and argent, a tree counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Aleyn More, Per pale vert and argent, a weeping willow counterchanged. There is a single CD for the type of tree.

It is also a conflict with the device of Wolfgang von Valkonberg, Per pale vert and argent, a blasted tree atop a mount counterchanged. There is a single CD for removing the mount. As precedent explains, there is

... no difference between a tree and a tree blasted: "There is no CD between a tree eradicated and a tree blasted and eradicated, as noted in the August 1994 LoAR... This is because there are period depictions of trees with only a few leaves." (LoAR July 2000) [Kenric of Rohan, March 2002, R-Meridies]

Wentliana Bengrek. Device. Purpure, three pegasi segreant argent.

Sadly, this lovely device conflicts with the device of Elena Catalina Santangelo y Fernandez, Purpure, three horses rampant argent. There is not considered to be substantial (X.2) difference between horses and pegasi, because a pegasus is defined as a horse with wings. There is, therefore, only a single CD for the addition of the wings.

GLEANN ABHANN

Galen de More. Badge. Per pale gules and argent, in saltire a rose slipped and leaved sable the petals fimbriated argent, the slip entwined of a maintained vine and a rapier inverted sable.

This badge is returned because the rose is chased: i.e., outlined and internally detailed with a thick line of a contrasting tincture. We have not registered chased charges since April 1982. Were the rose drawn without the chasing, the bulk of the sable flower, including the identifying portions, would lie entirely on the low-contrast gules portion of the field rendering it unidentifiable.

Janos Hideg. Badge. Sable, a cross formy quadrate argent.

Question was raised in commentary whether the quadrate treatment of a cross is worth difference. Batonvert found the arms of Jerusalem depicted as Argent, a cross potent quadrate between four crosses couped Or, in The Armorial de Gelre, c.1370, rather than the usual cross potent (i.e., not quadrate). A cross quadrate must, therefore, be considered an artistic variant of the underlying cross type, blazonable, but not significant for purposes of conflict.

The badge, therefore, is returned for conflict with the badge of the Order of the Dannebrog (important non-SCA armory), (Fieldless) A cross formy argent fimbriated gules. There is a single CD for fieldlesness, but nothing for the fimbriation or the quadrate treatment of Janos' cross.

The badge is also returned for conflict with the device of Christgaen von Köln, Sable crusilly formy argent. There is a CD for the change of number of primary charges, but nothing for the quadrate treatment of Janos' cross.

Kendra Dey. Device. Barry azure and Or, a quatrefoil knot and a bordure argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Felicity of Rowany, Per saltire sable and vert, a Bowen knot crosswise within a bordure argent. There is a single CD for the field. A Bowen knot crosswise is effectively identical to a quatrefoil knot.

Morgan of Osprey. Badge. Sable, a flame proper and overall a crane's skeleton rising contourny argent.

This badge is returned for multiple reasons.

Blazoned on the LoI as a skeleton enflamed proper, enflaming would be multiple, separate, small tongues of flame issuant from the outline of the primary charge, not the single large burst behind the primary depicted in this submission. Since the flame is the primary charge, this badge conflicts with the device of William of Sark, Sable, a flame proper. There is a single CD for the addition of the overall charge.

This badge is also returned for violating section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, Identification Requirement. Commenters were unanimous that the white charge on this submission is not identifiable as a bird skeleton at all, much less recognizable as a particular type of bird skeleton.

Please inform the submitter that flame should not be drawn as if the viewer is on the business end of a flamethrower: tongues of flame should issue from near the bottom of the flame and travel upward, they should not radiate from a central point.

Roch Wölflin. Device. Per saltire sable and azure, two annulets in fess and overall an ankh argent.

The identifiability of the primary and overall charges in this device is hindered by being the same tincture and by the arrangement of the annulets centered on the crossbar of the ankh. Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submission requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance", and these are not.

On resubmission, the submitter should take care to arrange the charges in such a way that does not violate RfS VII.7.b, which requires that "a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon." The alignment of the crossbar of the ankh with the per fess line and the centers of the annulets would not be expected.

LOCHAC

Aachenfeld, Canton of. Device. Per pale vert and gules, a goblet within a laurel wreath Or.

The canton's name was returned on the June 2009 LoAR. Since we cannot register a branch device without a registered branch name, this device must be returned.

Anastasia della Valente. Name.

This is returned for incorrect grammar in the byname. The LoI documented the family name del Valente from Juliana de Luna, "Names in 15th Century Florence and her Dominions: the Condado", and then noted that both del and della mean "of the". While this is true, it does not follow that they are interchangeable with each other. The preposition della is only used with feminine words, which Valente is not. We would change the name to Anastasia del Valente, using the documented form of the byname, but she does not allow changes, so we are forced to return the name.

MERIDIES

Stefan le Gascon. Badge. (Fieldless) A dagger proper surmounted by a rose Or marked azure, barbed and seeded proper.

This badge is returned for violating section VII.7.b of the Rules for Submission, which says "Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon." We have no way to describe the way that the yellow rose has a "V" shaped azure section on each of the leaves. Additionally, the amount of blue on each petal means that the blazon Or marked azure is not sufficient, since it implies a mostly Or rose rather than the half yellow and half blue tincture in the submission.

MIDDLE

Bárekr silfri. Device. Sable, a bear's pawprint and on a base argent three torteaux.

This is returned for conflict with the device of Harald Ulfson, Sable, a bear's paw print and on a chief wavy argent, a pellet between a decrescent and an increscent sable. There is a single CD, for the change of the chief wavy to a base plain. There is no CD for changing only the tincture of the tertiary charges. Section X.4.j.i of the Rules for Submissions requires both changes to affect the entire group; one of Harald's charges and all of Bárker's charges are roundels.

Hiordís Reginsdóttir. Name.

The byname Reginsdóttir violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining Norwegian Regins- with Old Norse -dóttir. The only non-legendary example of the name Reginn that we have found is from the 14th century; in this period, Norwegian spellings of the word 'daughter' include dottor, dotor, dottir, dotter, dottur, datter, and daatter, all of which can be found in Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #1774. Of these, dotter is the most typical. We would change the byname to use one of these Norwegian forms, but the submitter does not allow major changes, such as changing the language of an element. Additionally, changing the byname to a wholly Norwegian form would make the name two steps from period practice: one for combining Old Norse and Norwegian in the same name and the second for the temporal disparity greater than 300 years between the elements.

The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Norse, but this authenticity request was not summarized on the LoI. However, we can provide some information about the authenticity of this name for the submitter to consider when resubmitting. Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #1701 discusses the suitability of the name Hjordis Regindottir for a woman living in Denmark at the very end of the 9th century. The report says in part:

<Hjordis> is a slight misspelling of the modern Norwegian name <Hj{o|}rdis>, which in turn comes from the feminine Old Norse name <Hio,rdís>. (Here {o|} stands for an <o> with a slash through it, and <o,> stands for an <o> with a reversed comma dangling from its lower edge.) The name is a little problematic: so far as we can discover, prior to the 19th century the only person recorded as having borne the name is the mother of the legendary <Sigurðr Fáfnis bani> 'Sigurd Fafnir's bane'. [1, 2, 3] We found no genuinely historical instance of the name until modern times. On the other hand, its second element, <-dís>, is fairly common in Old Norse feminine names, and the first element, <Hio,r->, occurs in several historical names. [4] Thus, while a name known to have been used by historical persons would be better re-creation, it seems likely that <Hio,rdís> could have been so used.

The Old Norse name <Reginn> is perhaps more problematic: the only early examples are fictional, and some, like the smith in 'Völsunga saga' who is Fáfnir's brother, are clearly non-human. [5]...A slightly similar-sounding name that definitely was used at that time is <Ragnarr>. [8]

Hio,rdís Ragnars dóttir is a possible 10th C Old Norse feminine name, though without concrete examples of Hio,rdís in this period we cannot confirm that it is authentic.

Riviere Constelle, Shire of. Augmentation. Per chevron throughout wavy Or and sable mullety of four points Or, in chief a compass star azure and a laurel wreath vert, for augmentation in base a chalice Or.

This augmentation is returned for multiple reasons.

Administratively, it is returned for not having a petition. Section IV.C.5 requires a petition of support for "Submissions involving the branch name or arms of an active branch". No petition was provided, and an augmentation involves the branch arms.

Secondly, it is returned for a redraw. Both the Per chevron throughout and Chapé (as the submission was originally blazoned) should meet in a point at the top center of the field. The depiction in the emblazon does not. The depiction is not grandfathered to the group; their original submission paperwork has the line of division meeting much more closely than this depiction.

Third, the mullet, wreath, and cup are all co-primary charges. This is a violation of our so-called "slot-machine" rule. By precedent, while augmentations are allowed to break some rules, the slot-machine rule is not one that augmented armory is allowed to break:

Making the escutcheon larger would make it effectively a co-primary charge with the lymphads and laurel wreath, violating RfS VIII.1.a: "[T]hree or more types of charges should not be used in the same group" (the "slot machine" rule). While the addition of augmentations can be allowed to break rules in some cases, the violations we allow are grounded in period examples. Barring examples of period augmentations that result in three types of charges in the same group, this sort of augmentation cannot violate RfS VIII.1.a. We note as one possible suggestion that making the escutcheon an azure canton would eliminate the style problem. [Ildhafn, Barony of, LoAR 07/2004, Lochac-R]

Skalla Geirmundr Ulfsson. Device change. Quarterly argent and gules, a mullet azure.

Precedent says "The rules for change of type of mullets follow the rules for change of number of charges. Mullets of n points will get a CD from mullets of m points if RfS X.4.f gives a CD for changing the number of charges from n to m." [Kouac Myklos, 02/02, A-Ansteorra]

Therefore, this device is returned for conflict with the device of Selivia de l'Estoile, Gyronny of six purpure and argent, a mullet of six points azure. There is a single CD for the change of field, but no difference is granted between mullets of five and six points.

The device is also returned for conflict with the badge of Tømmån Dallas Sare, Checky argent and sable, a mullet of four points azure, with a CD for the field. No difference is granted between mullets of four and five points.

The device is also returned for conflict with the badge of Eric Blaxton, Argent, scaly sable, a mullet of four points, set saltirewise and elongated to sinister base azure. There is a single CD for the change of field. Since there is no difference given for orientation of a mullet of five points, there is not a CD between a mullet of five points and a mullet of four points set saltirewise.

While the device conflicts with the badge of Eleanor Leonard, (Tinctureless) A mullet of four points distilling a goutte, Eleanor has a Blanket Letter of Permission to Conflict on file, and the submitted device fits the requirements for Eleanor's permission, since the field is not a solid tincture.

Skalla Geirmundr has permission to conflict with the device of Adela de Warren, Per chevron checky azure and argent and argent, in base a mullet azure.

NORTHSHIELD

Cormac o'Chian. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Cormac o'Chian, the LoI noted that the name had been originally submitted as Cormac o'Cian, and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. However, inspection of the forms showed that the name was in fact originally submitted as Cormac O'Cain.

None of the three variants of the byname are registerable: They all violate RfS II.1.a. Linguistic Consistency by combining Anglicized Irish O' with a Gaelic second element. The Gaelic form of the clan byname marker is Ó. Additionally, none of Chian, Cian or Cain correctly follows Ó. The lenited form Chian should not be used in a masculine clan byname, and both Chian and Cian are in the nominative case, instead of the genitive case as required when following Ó. The spelling Cain was not documented as either a correct nominative or genitive form. The correct Gaelic-language clan-style byname based on the given name Cian is Ó Céin.

Unfortunately, we cannot change the name to Cormac Ó Céin in order to register it, since it conflicts with Cormac Kane. The April 2002 Cover Letter says:

For purposes of conflict, all of the following are significantly different relationships: son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter, wife, husband, brother, sister. As a compromise between simplifying conflict checking and basing conflict on interchangeability of bynames in period: in the cases where no particle is present, the unmarked byname shall conflict with a form of the same byname that contains a particle of descent. Particles of descent include those particles that indicate a relationship to an ancestor and so have the meaning 'son', 'daughter', 'grandson', 'granddaughter', et cetera.

Kane is an unmarked form of O'Kane, an Anglicized Irish rendering of the Gaelic byname Ó Céin, which literally means 'grandson of Cian'. Since, as the same Cover Letter says, "a byname without a particle conflicts with a byname with the same object of relationship that includes a particle of descent (here O), these two bynames conflict".

Margareta Saunfayle. Device. Sable, a horse courant argent and a demi-sun issuant from base Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Charlesbury Crossing, Sable, a horse statant argent within a laurel wreath Or. There is a CD for the change of type of secondary charge, from wreath to demi-sun, but nothing for the change from statant to courant, nor for the non-comparable change of position of the secondary charge, since the demi-sun cannot surround the horse as the laurel wreath does.

Orlova Dolina, Shire of. Device. Per bend bevilled gules and sable, a double-headed eagle argent and a ship reversed Or sailed argent, the sail charged with a laurel wreath vert.

The device is returned for lack of identifiability. The bevilling is so small that many commenters did not notice the complex treatment of the per bend line of division. This is a violation of section VIII.3 of the Rules for Submissions, which requires that "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability." It goes on to say that "Identifiable elements may be rendered unidentifiable by significant reduction in size."

The device is also returned for the use of dissimilar charges on either side of a per bend bevilled line of division. This is disallowed by precedent:

Even the documented per bend bevilled cannot, by Laurel precedent, be used with dissimilar charges. Legh, Accidences [sic] of Armory (1586), asserts that the field should not be charged at all. We have, as one step beyond period practice, allowed the field to be used with a single type of simple charge. The submitted device, however, would be at least two steps beyond period practice. [Béla Kós, 02/01, R-Outlands]

Finally, this device is returned for the use of a charged sail which displays registered armory. Precedent says:

As noted on the LoI, a charged sail is not an inescutcheon of pretense under RfS XI.4; but as a display of armory, it must still be checked for conflict. In this case, Or, a martlet volant to sinister gules is clear of conflict. An anomaly of our rules is that, under these circumstances, conflict is not reciprocal. Thus the registration of Azure goutty d'Or, six lymphads sailing to sinister Or, each sail charged with a martlet volant to sinister gules, a base Or does not protect Or, a marlet volant to sinister gules. A charged sail must be clear of conflict at the time it is registered, but a different person could later register armory that conflicts with that sail. [Cover Letter, October 2007]

The question was asked in commentary whether or not groups are allowed to register armory which conflicts with (Tinctureless) A laurel wreath, reserved for the Order of the Laurel. Precedent, set in April 2001, says that they are not. Laurel returned the armory of the Shire of Vargavik, (Gyronny arrondy Or and gules, in canton a laurel wreath sable) for conflict against the Order's badge. Therefore, this device must also be returned for display of the badge for the Order of the Laurel on a sail.

In addition, there are several other conflicts with Argent, a laurel wreath vert, including the arms of the Society, Or a laurel wreath vert.

OUTLANDS

Carola von Naumburg. Device. Gules, two griffin's heads erased Or and a tower argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge of the Barony of Caer Mear, for their Order of the Pharos, Gules, atop a grey granite tower a copper brazier enflamed proper. The brazier is a maintained charge. Therefore, this is a conflict with only a single CD for the addition of the griffin's heads.

Please instruct the submitter that, on resubmission, the erasing of any heads should be closer to the style described on the cover letter to the November 2001 LoAR:

Therefore, for purposes of recreating period armorial style for erasing, the erasing should (1) have between three and eight jags; (2) have jags that are approximately one-sixth to one-third the total height of the charge being erased; and (3) have jags that are not straight but rather are wavy or curved.

Þóra Hrónarsdóttir. Badge. Argent, a wyvern azure.

The wyvern in this submission is in the default posture for wyverns, alternately blazoned as either statant or sejant. Difference against this posture was defined in January 2002:

[passant vs. sejant] When quadruped postures are used to blazon two-legged monsters, the difference between some of these postures becomes blurred. While there is a CD between a sejant quadruped and a statant quadruped, there is no clear distinction between a wyvern statant and a wyvern sejant. Both legs are down, and the angle of the body and disposition of the tail is variable in both postures. Nor is there a clear distinction between a wyvern passant and a wyvern statant or sejant. The passant wyvern has one leg raised, as opposed to both legs on the ground as in the other two postures. Current precedent does not give difference between these postures: "[a wyvern passant vs. a dragon sejant] As a wyvern passant can be equally blazoned as a wyvern sejant, there is no CD for posture, thus there is only a single CD for the tincture of the wyvern." [Ramiro the Sicilian, January 2002, R-Caid]

Therefore, the badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Eldred Ælfwald, (Fieldless) A dragon passant azure, and the device of Sciath ingen Chuain, Gyronny gules and Or, a dragon passant azure. There is a CD for changing the field, but no CD for the difference between a dragon and wyvern, and no CD for the change of posture: there is no CD between passant and statant.

The badge is also returned for conflict with the device of Harðbeinn eldr, Argent, a wyvern passant within a bordure rayonny azure. There is a CD for the removal of the bordure, but no CD for the change of type of primary and no CD for raising a single foot, which is the only posture difference between passant and statant wyverns.

The badge, however, is clear of the device of Andrew of Riga, Sable, a wivern volant azure fimbriated argent There is a CD for the change of tincture of the field and a CD for the change of posture. While we no longer register wyverns volant, Andrew's wyvern is effectively in an erect posture.

The badge is also clear of the device of Macha Drake, Argent goutty, a dragon azure. There is a CD for the posture and a CD for the added gouttes. It is also clear of the device of Gwydion Gwirion, Argent, a wyvern erect azure and a chief gules, and of the device of Evet Drachenklaue, Argent, a dragon segreant azure within a bordure sable. There is a CD for the change of posture, from either erect or segreant to statant, and another for the removal of the peripheral ordinary. Likewise, it is clear of the device of Eadwine be Bocce Sele, Ermine, a wyvern undulant erect bendwise, wings elevated and addorsed, azure, orbed, langued, armed and spined Or, grasping in both legs a partly open book bendwise argent, bound gules, clasped Or. Eadwine's wyvern is effectively erect, so there is a CD for the change of posture and a CD for the change of tincture of the field.

TRIMARIS

Chantel Granat. Name.

This is returned for violating RfS III.2.a. which says that "A personal name must contain a given name and at least one byname". Chantel is a byname derived from a place name, and Granat is also a byname, so this name lacks a given name.

Dearbhforgaill Bhreifneach inghean Mhic Ruairc. Device. Or, a tree eradicated proper between two lions combatant sable.

Precedent on the difference between a crequier and an oak tree says:

As Wreath, Dame Gwenllian ruled "the crequier is simply a stylization of a wild cherry tree (see Woodward, p. 318, along with Plate XXIX fig. 4 and p. 344 fig. 72 for a discussion). While it is a particular stylization, it falls within the expected range of depiction for trees in general. There is no reason to treat it differently from other trees, so it is not significantly different from a generic tree." [Guilheumes de Garrigis, October 2005, R-An Tir]

Therefore, this device is returned for conflict with the device of Orlando dei Medici, Or, a crequier vert. There is a CD for adding the lions but no difference is granted for the tincture or type of tree. This conflict holds whether the submitted device is considered a single group of primary charges or a primary charge between two secondary charges.

Draco Giusti. Device. Sable, a dragon's head erased argent between three lozenges Or.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability. The lack of internal detailing, the unusual depiction, and the posture combine to make the primary charge unrecognizable. This violates section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says, "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance."

Please instruct the submitter that, on resubmission, the lozenges should be drawn larger, to better fill the available space. Please also instruct him to follow the guidelines on the cover letter to the November 2001 LoAR on how to draw erasing.

WEST

Katherine d'Aquitaine. Device. Per pale gules and sable, a griffin segreant contourny and a bordure rayonny Or.

The device must be returned for redrawing of the bordure. While it was blazoned on the Letter of Intent as rayonny, the repeats are drawn in a fashion that is not clearly rayonny, indented, or wavy-crested. The repeats on this emblazon vary between rayonny, indented, and a shape which is neither. Rayonny repeats should be more markedly curved than most seen here, indented repeats should be triangular with straight sides, and wavy-crested is a line of division which significantly post-dates 1600 and thus is not acceptable for SCA use. In addition, the repeats are too small and numerous to be registered.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE March 2010 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

MERIDIES

Pipa Follywolle. Device. Quarterly argent and vert, on a bend purpure between an open book and a sheep passant three acorns bendwise sinister slipped and leaved argent.

This device is pended to discuss whether or not it falls afoul of our ban on marshalled armory. Fields divided quarterly are not allowed to use different charges in the quarters unless there are "identical charges over the entire field, or with complex lines of partition or charges overall that were not used for marshalling in period heraldry." The question is whether or not the charged bend overall removes the appearance of marshalling.

This was item 3 on the Meridies letter of May 31, 2009.

- Explicit -