Great 14th C Perigord name!
Submitted as Anzelm W{o-}u{l/}czek, the documentation provided on the LoI for the byname was for the spelling Wo{l/}czek. No documentation was provided, and none could be found, for the change from o to {o-}u. We have corrected the byname to match the documentation in order to register the name.
Submitted under the name Galdra-Aron.
This is clear of the device of Joyesse de Wolfe of Cath Mawr, Argent, a lion sejant erect coward guardant contourny gules seated upon a maintained rock sable and playing a maintained viol vert with a bow sable, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. There is a CD for the change of posture of the lion and a CD for the addition of the castle.
This name combines French and Scots, which is a step from period practice.
As submitted, the documentation for this name combined Anglicized Irish (Connor), Scots (MacGregor), and English (of the Bog). There was some question whether this combination of languages was registerable. Fortunately, the byname of the Bog is plausible in Scots as well as in English, avoiding this issue.
Examples of locative bynames based on toponymics found in Scotland include several found in the Ragman Rolls dated to 1296: Rogier del Grene (p. 150), William O the Hi{ll~} (p. 155), William o the Hulle (p. 124), and William On the Hull (p. 136). Additionally, Black (s.nn. Hill, Loch, Muir, Wood) dates William de la Hyll to 1271, William de le Hille to 1321, Laurence del Hylle to 1380, Ade del Louche to 1330, William de la More to 1296, Hugo o' the Wode to 1407, William de le Wod to 1413.
Bog meaning 'a bog, mire' is found in the "Dictionary of the Scots Language" in entries dating as early as 1208-18 and continuing through the end of our period.
Based on this information, the byname of the Bog is plausible for Scots as well as English. Therefore, this name combines Anglicized Irish and Scots which is, at most, a single step from period practice. (It may not be a step from period practice, but we are not addressing that issue at this time as it does not affect registerability of this submission.)
There is a step from period practice for the use of paw prints.
Submitted as Erik of the Three Streams, there was some question about whether of the Three Streams needed to be changed to of Threestreams in order to be registerable. Three Streams was documented as a constructed place name along the lines of Sevenak 1218, Fourstanyes 1236, and Sixele 1212, found in Ekwall, Oxford Dictionary of English Placenames, s.vv. Sevenoaks, Fourstones, and Sixhill. The expected form based on these examples, and others found by the commenters, would be of Threestreams. Ensign found that "Watts, CDEP-N, p. 613a, offers 'le three bridges' dated to 1613 under 'THREE BRIDGES.'" As Watts is a place name dictionary, this citation supports of the three streams, though of Threestreams would be a much more common form. We have changed the name to Erik of the three streams to match the pattern found by Ensign, in order to register this name. Erik of Threestreams is also a registerable form.
Please inform the submitter that Galle is a masculine name. We have not found a feminine form of this name, and the one example of Galla that we found (in Juliana de Luna, "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century") is also masculine.
Great 13th C English name!
Because they are both attested period charges, there is significant difference between a spear and a properly drawn palmer's staff. Therefore, this device is clear of the device of Addison the Wanderer, Potent, two palmer's staves in saltire Or, with CD for the field and one for the significant change of type of primary charge.
This name was submitted as a mix of Polish (Iwan) and German (Berenthaler). Combining Polish and German in a single name is a step from period practice.
Nice Dutch name!
The byname de Forez was documented from Arval Benicoeur, "French Names from Two Thirteenth Century Chronicles". This article uses modernized forms of the name elements, so it is not a reliable source for documenting the spelling of SCA names, though a citation from this source is useful for documenting that some form of the name was in use in that time period. Luckily, the byname can be dated to our period; de Forez appears twice in Uckelman, "Names in the 1292 census of Paris". This source also lists the given name Lantani, making this submission an excellent 13th C French name.
A branch of coral has been previously registered, in the badge for Atlantia's Order of the Coral Branch, June 2005. It is considered identical to a leafless tree branch for purposes of conflict.
This name combines Anglicized Dutch and Italian, which is a step from period practice. A wholly Italian form of this name would be Matteo di Lupo Corsi.
Submitted as Meadhbh Amhránaíth, the byname Amhránaíth was documented on the LoI as follows:
eDIL [www.dil.ie], s.v. amrán, gives the meaning of the header word as "singing, song". The Pennsic work sheet states, "We think <Amhránaith> is the Early Modern form meaning 'singer'."
This is not adequate documentation for the form Amhránaíth, since it does not say on what basis the Pennsic consulting heralds concluded that Amhránaíth is a plausible Early Modern form of amrán. (Note that this is a problem with the documentation and not with the LoI's summary of the documentation; no further information was provided either on the forms or the Pennsic worksheet).
Magnus von Lübeck found this information about period forms of the word:
At this time, no descriptive byname has been found in Gaelic in period meaning 'the singer'. However, there are examples of several different words meaning 'singer' used in period documents, though none of them have yet been found as a formal part of a person's name. The word amrán (also ambrán) is listed in Royal Irish Academy, Dictionary of the Irish Language: based mainly on Old and Middle Irish materials ["DIL"], with the meaning 'song'. The LoI documented amhránaí as a word meaning 'singer' from a modern Irish-English dictionary. This word has as its root amrán 'song', found in the DIL. The word amhránaí is Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present). The Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form is amhránaidhe, and the Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) form would be ambránid. [Leith Ambránid, March 2002 LoAR, A-An Tir]
We have changed the name to Meadhbh Amhránaídhe to match this information.
Precedent says:
... there was a clear consensus among the commenters that urdy is not a CD from wavy. [Irina Francesca degli Schiavon, February 1995, R-Meridies]
However, both urdy and wavy are period lines of division. Since they were distinguished in period, we are overturning this precedent and granting a CD between them unless they are shown to have been considered identical in period.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a compass star.
Kings Crossing is the registered name of an SCA branch.
As documented, the name combined Gaelic and English. However, Onora also occurs in Latinized English contexts; Withycombe, Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Honor(i)(a) notes that Onora occurs in Latin records from the 12th-14th C. Thus, this name can be considered entirely English.
McBryan is the submitter's legal surname.
Listed on the LoI as Si{h.}r bint Bulus, this name was submitted as Sihr bint Bulus and the given name changed at kingdom to match the submitted documentation. We require that Arabic names use a consistent transcription throughout the entire name. In the case of this name, this would either be Sihr bint Bulus or the more scholarly Si{h.}r bint B{u-}lu{s.}. As the originally submitted form of this name is registerable, we are registering this name in that form.
His old device, Per pale vert and azure, a dragon passant contourny and a bordure embattled Or, is released.
Nice badge!
Note that the default position for firearms other than pole cannons in the SCA is fesswise with barrel pointing to dexter. Pole cannons default to palewise, barrel opening to chief.
The second byname was originally submitted with the spelling Wallace and was documented as a Scots byname. It was changed in kingdom to the English spelling Wallis, since the name otherwise combined English, Scots, and Italian, which is two steps from period practice. However, the byname Wallace is also English; Edelweiss provided the following late-period examples:
Margaret Wallace baptized 20th February 1581, Skelton, Cumberland
Willm. Wallace married Apeline Clarcke, 10th June 1589, Skelton, Cumberland
Margaret Wallace baptized 14th September 1589, Skelton, Cumberland
Thomas Wallace baptized 28th October 1591, Skelton, Cumberland
Janet Wallace baptized 2nd February 1597, Skelton, Cumberland
Given this documentation, we have restored the second byname to the originally submitted form. This name combines Italian and English, which is a step from period practice.
The Letter of Intent asked whether this device was a conflict with the badge of Paganus Grimlove, Argent, a wolf's head, cabossed and snarling, sable within a heart voided gules. There is certainly a CD for changing the heart voided to a hand. Paganus has provided Francesca with a letter of permission to conflict, so we do not need to determine whether or not these two pieces of armory are in technical conflict.
Some commenters asked whether there was a problem with the protected Red Hand of Ulster. There is not. Precedent says:
There was some concern whether this was too reminiscent of the Red Hand of Ulster, a prohibited charge in the SCA. It turns out that the Red Hand of Ulster was used as an augmentation, not as a main charge. We would certainly return a device that used a canton argent charged with a hand gules, and perhaps even a chief argent charged with a hand gules would be too suggestive; but the use of red hands, gloves, gauntlets, etc., on white backgrounds is not, in and of itself, cause for return. [Guillaume de la Rapière, August 1992, A-Atenveldt]
The red hand in this submission is not being used as an augmentation, so it is acceptable.
Submitted under the name Jennet MacLaughlan, that name was returned in January 2010.
This name combines German and French, which is a step from period practice.
His previous name, Fritz the Peasant, is released.
His old device, Vert, a lozenge and in chief two annulets Or, is released
Sienna is the submitter's legal given name.
This name combines Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish, which is a step from period practice.
This name combines Occitan and French, which is a step from period practice.
In commentary second-hand information was received that the submitter preferred the given name Magda if it could be documented. Magda is dated to 1522, 1571, and 1601 in Walraven van Nijmegen, "Hungarian Feminine Names". Because we did not get confirmation directly from the submitter that this was her preference, and because she does not allow major changes, we are not changing the name. If she wishes to submit a name change in the future, commenters provided evidence of contact between Hungarian and French speakers. Blue Tyger notes that:
[C]ertainly Hungarians were aware of France and the French, especially in the 14th century, when the Hungarian king was from the House of Anjou, but I am less certain whether the French had any real awareness of the existence of Hungary and Hungarians.
And Siren found:
[A] discussion of a 15th c. "Roman de messire Charles de Hongrie." An edited version of it can be found at http://books.google.com/books?id=p_NJAwcOxYYC. So apparently the French were, sort of, aware of Hungary.
Contact points between Hungary and France: (1) Crusades: one of the main routes between France and the Holy Land went through Hungary. Godfrey de Bouillon's army in the First Crusade, for example, went through Hungary. The Catholic Encyclopedia says "Before entering Hungary Godfrey negotiated with King Coloman for a free passage through his dominions. He himself met the king, who welcomed him warmly, but took Godfrey's brother Baldwin as a hostage, together with his wife. During the march through Hungary (October, 1096) the strictest disciplines prevailed among the crusaders, to whom the inhabitants furnished provisions in abundance."
Bela III (d. 1196) of Hungary married Agnes, daughter of the prince of Antioch (Raynald of Châtillon). He also made a substantial donation to the Hospitallers to buy land near Jerusalem, again tying him to the French Crusader states. Some Hungarians served in the Third Crusade, with Barbarossa. They were involved, among other encounters, in the siege of Acre (1189-91), which involved forces from all over Europe. Andrew II spent much of 1217 in the Holy Land, dealing with the rulers of the Crusader States. (from Hungary in the Crusades, 1169-1218, by James Ross Sweeney, in The International History Review, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Oct., 1981), pp. 467-481, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40105173).
(2) Dynastic Links: There were, as Julia noted, Angevin kings of Hungary. I'm going to brush over them because I expect others can say more useful things about them.
(3) Educational Links: There is a book titled The University of Paris and its Hungarian students and masters during the reign of Louis XII and François Ier (by Gabriel Astrik, the most important 20th c. scholar of the medieval university). It includes 15th and 16th century students and masters at Paris, who certainly were not a tiny number to allow a book to focus on them. Other sources suggest that this followed a much older (13th century on) trend, but I can't really be more specific.
On the basis of this evidence, names combining French and Hungarian are registerable, but a step from period practice.
The use of a weeping willow is a step from period practice.
Please instruct the submitter to use some tincture other than argent for the arming of the boar.
Nice 13th C English name!
Please instruct the submitter to draw the sexfoils larger, to better fill the available space.
Submitted as Michèle Bacelier de la Chance, no documentation was provided for the second byname, and none could be found by the College. We were, however, able to find documentation for a similar byname. Dauzat & Rostaing, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Noms de Lieux de la France, s.n. Chançay dates de Chanceio to around 1330; this is a Latin ablative form of what would likely be de Chance in the vernacular. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register the name.
This badge is not in conflict with the badge of Anna Malakina, (Fieldless) Three torteaux conjoined one and two. There is a CD for fieldlessness and at least a CD for the difference between a single shamrock and three roundels. Even under X.5, Visual Conflict, the visual impression of this submission is of three hearts and a slip conjoined in cross, while the visual impression in Anna's badge is of three roundels conjoined in pall inverted.
The given name Moire was documented on the LoI as an inflected form of the Gaelic name Mór. We do not register given names in their inflected forms, so the submitted documentation only supports the name Mór. Eastern Crown provided alternative documentation for Moire, as an Anglicized Irish spelling:
Moire is found in entry 6541 (p. 252) of "The Seventeenth Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland: Appendix III: Fiants of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth" (Dublin: Alex. Thom. & Co., 1885; http://books.google.com/books?id=NSwNAAAAYAAJ). This entry includes Moire nyn Dermott on a list of people pardoned on 30 May 1601. The names do not appear to have been normalized or modernized.
Using this documentation, the name is registerable. This name combines Anglicized Irish and English, which is a step from period practice.
Blazoned when registered in January 2002 as Per chevron gules and Or, two drinking horns Or and a leatherworker's head knife sable, we are reblazoning this to match the new default for horns.
When registered in October 1984 as Azure, a chevron erminois between two cotises engrailed on the outer edges argent, in chief two ash keys fesswise reversed, and in base a domestic cat couchant Or, the blazon overlooked the fact that an ash key is the individual pod in each cluster and that they were hanging from branches as large as the clusters.
The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Italian. This is a great name for that time and culture.
Edward has permission to conflict with the device of Richard Wymarc, Sable, a shakefork gules fimbriated argent.
Her previous name, Elizabeta de Porta, is released.
Her previous name, Ginevra Isabetta del Dolce, is retained as an alternate name.
Betha was documented on the LoI as the Latinized form of a given name. However, no evidence was provided either for the use of two given names, one Latinized and one not, or for the use of a Latinized given name in the nominative form being used as a byname. Edelweiss notes the gray area baptism of Catherine Betha in 1625, in Morpeth, Northumberland. This Gray Area citation allows us to register the name.
There has been no consistency in which part of the horn is the 'back', so 'horns addorsed' are not well defined. We have decided to define the longer, outer part of the curve as the back, for horns. The horns in this submission are back-to-back. Horns with the points facing towards each other are respectant; a pair of drinking horns is assumed to be respectant (it need not be blazoned). Two horns will have both inner curves (fronts) pointed to sinister.
Rhiannon is the submitter's legal given name.
This name combines Gaelic and Anglicized Irish, which is a step from period practice.
Salem was documented as the name of a German town. While there are places named Salem in England, as far as the College could find, they all post-date the founding of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1626. Thus, we must consider Salem as a German name, not an English one, and the phrase of Salem violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining English and German in the same phrase. However, since Salem is the standard English form of the German placename Salem, the phrase of Salem may be considered to be a Lingua Anglica rendering of the German von Salem. Therefore, this name is registerable as submitted.
Nice device!
William has permission to conflict with the device of Siegfried Conrad Georg Heydrich, Quarterly Or and gules, a cross surmounted by a bordure, all counterchanged.
His previous device, Quarterly Or and gules, a cross pomelly counterchanged, is released.
Submitted as Flur' le Swan, the apostrophe in Flur' represents a scribal suspension, probably of the letter e or letter i. We do not register scribal abbreviations of names, so the form Flur' is not registerable. This name is identical to the Middle English word for 'flower', of which the most common forms in the Middle English Dictionary are flour, flur, and the like. On the basis of these examples, Flur is also a plausible spelling of the given name. Since the submitter cares most about the sound of the name, we have changed the given name to Flur_ in order to register the name.
Her previous name, Guðrún Valdísardóttir, is retained as an alternate name.
Nice 14th C Venetian name!
Submitted as Maren Þorskabítr, we have changed the byname to conform to current precedent concerning the capitalization of Old Norse descriptive bynames.
Maren is the submitter's legal given name.
While the documentation for the byname spelled it Fitzalan, Reaney and Wilson (s.n. FitzSimon) date the form FitzSymond to 1387. This entry shows the patronym as capitalized, supporting the capitalization in the submitted FitzAlan.
Submitted as Thora Sigurdsdottir, the submitter requested authenticity for Denmark but did not specify a time period. The languages spoken in Denmark changed over time during our period. Thora is found as the Latin form of the name of a 10th C Danish queen taken from a record in Norfolk, England. The typical Old Norse form of this name is Þora. The form Sigurdsdottir was found by the commenters to be appropriate for 14th C Sweden.
Therefore, the submitted name combines a 10th C Latin form of an Old Norse name with a 14th C Swedish byname. This combination has a step from period practice for temporal disparity and a second for the lingual disparity of combining Latinized Old Norse with Swedish.
We have changed the name to the fully Old Norse form Þora Sigurðardóttir to make the name register and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Though documented as Old Norse, this form is likely authentic for 10th C Denmark as well.
This name combines Hebrew and Italian, which is a step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a wholly Italian name, we recommend the given name Sippora; this is the Italian form of Tzipporah found in the 1641 Diodati Bible.
This device is clear of the device of the Shire of Cortlandslot, Vert, a fess dancetty between three hearts and a laurel wreath argent. There is a CD for the change of number of secondaries, from four to three, and another for the change of arrangement of the secondary charges, from three and one to one and two.
This name combines French and Occitan, which is a step from period practice.
This does not conflict with Mathieu de la Croix. Mateo and Mathieu are significantly different in sound and appearance, as are Cruz and Croix.
Blazoned when registered, in August 1979, as Argent, a satyr countercourant sable, the monster is not actually a satyr, since it is tailless and has human feet instead of hooves.
The submitter asked for "authenticity for born about 1500, Calabria region of Italy". The submitted documentation shows that the byname Falcone is appropriate for Florence in 1427, near the submitter's requested time. However, due to a lack of Calabrian specific resources, we were unable to confirm that Falcone would also be the form found in Calabria.
Submitted as Godfrey Barlowe, the submitter requested authenticity for 14-15th C English and allowed all changes.
The submitted documentation showed the spelling Godfrey used in the 13th C and the spelling Barlowe used in 1509. Noir Licorne found that, "The British National Archives list two wills with Godfrey - Godfrey Speryng in 1499 and Godfrey Oxenbregge in 1496, which put the name in the desired 15th C." The submitted documentation included the form de Berlowe dated to 1379. However, none of the commenters were able to find a form of Godfrey in the 14th or 15th C. While it seems reasonable that Barlowe, which is dated to 1509, could have appeared a little earlier, at the end of the 15th C, we cannot confirm that due to lack of resources. So, it is our best guess that the submitted form Godfrey Barlowe is authentic for the end of the 15th C, but we cannot be certain.
Submitted as Adelle la Verrière, the College was not able to find support for the addition of the accent in the byname. We have removed it to match period forms.
Adelle is the submitter's legal given name.
The flutes in this submission are maintained charges.
The Letter of Intent asked whether masoning only half the field was acceptable. Precedent says:
[Per chevron pean and sable, on a chevron Or ...] It was the consensus of the College that a divided field in which the two parts are tinctures that share the same background is allowable if there is an ordinary to aid in the separation of the two parts, though the practice is not documented. [Thorgrimr inn kyrri, 02/01, A-Atlantia]
Since there is an ordinary present, the device is registerable.
This device is clear of the device of Gabriella d'Astias, Per chevron argent and purpure, three violets slipped and leaved proper and an escallop argent. There is a CD for the change from four charges to three charges. There is another CD for the change of type of the charge in base, as it is considered half the group.
Please instruct the submitter to draw fewer and larger ermine spots.
While descriptive bynames in Old Norse are generally not capitalized, bynames based on proper nouns are an exception. Included in "From Pelican: Regarding Capitalization in Norse Bynames" in the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR is an example of a byname formed from a proper noun where the byname appears both capitalized and uncapitalized in transliterations. Therefore, a byname based on a proper noun is registerable both in a capitalized form and an uncapitalized form.
The byname Grikkfari means 'traveller to Greece'. Since Grikk 'Greece' is a proper noun, this byname falls into the category of bynames based on proper nouns and can either be capitalized or not.
In this case, all of the documentation on the submission form is written solely with capital letters and the "filing name" and the "submitted item" for this submission did not match on OSCAR. The byname was not capitalized in the "filing name", but it was capitalized in the "submitted item". Therefore, we are unable to determine if the submitter prefers Grikkfari or grikkfari. As bynames based on proper nouns are more often than not registered with the initial letter capitalized, we have registered this name as Gunnarr Grikkfari. We note that the form Gunnarr grikkfari is also registerable.
Her old device, Purpure, three acorns inverted Or and a chief triangular erminois, is released.
The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Symmonne Deccarrete de Villette, Per pale sable and argent, two dragons statant erect respectant counterchanged breathing flames proper, a chief per pale ermine and counter-ermine.
The device is clear of the devices of Alden Drake, Per pale sable and argent, a dragon counterchanged, and Iona de Fay, Per pale sable and argent, a dragon rampant counterchanged maintaining a flame Or. Precedent says:
[Per bend sinister argent and azure, two cinquefoils counterchanged] This is clear of conflict with Gerelt of Lockeford, Per bend argent and azure, in bend two roses counterchanged. There is one CD for the change to the field. There is also a CD for changing the tincture of the roses. Each rose in Gerelt's arms is half azure and half argent. Each of these roses is a solid tincture. Therefore, half the tincture of each rose has changed. [Katrein Adler, 02/02, R-Outlands]
In each case there is a CD for the change of number of primary charges and a CD for the change in tincture of the primary charges, since we are going from a single particolored dragon to two dragons that are each a single tincture.
River Haven is the registered name of an SCA branch.
Her previous name, Caitlin mac Cumhaill na Cruachan, is released.
Please instruct the submitter to draw somewhat wider chevronels.
Blazoned when registered in December 1991 as Per pale rayonny sable and gules, in fess a chamfron between two drinking horns, the sinister inverted, Or, we are reblazoning it in line with the new default for drinking horns.
Submitted under the name Mark Miles Martin.
Submitted as Mathúin Beag, Mathúin is a modern Gaelic form of the name and was ruled unregisterable on the January 1996 LoAR:
Unfortunately, Mathuin (or rather Mathún) is a strictly modern spelling of Mathghamhain, and the change from Mathuin MacRae to Mathghamhain MacRaith is certainly not minor, so we are forced to return the name. [Mathuin MacRae, Caid-R]
No new evidence was provided to support Mathúin as a period form of the name, so it continues to be unregisterable. We have changed this name to use the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 - c. 1700) form Mathghamhain in order to register this name.
This device is clear of the device of Gregory Wynterson, Azure, on a bear's pawprint argent a mullet of four points elongated palewise azure, a chief embattled argent. There is a CD for the change of type of chief (adding a complex line of division is considered to change the type of a charge) and a CD for the removal of the tertiary mullet.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a pawprint.
The documentation for the given name was not adequately summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
This device is clear of the device of William Bauer, Azure, on a chief argent an arrow reversed sable. There is a CD for changes to the field and a CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charge, under Section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submissions. There is substantial difference between a dagger and an arrow.
This was pended on the September 2009 LoAR
Consensus of the commenters was that the addition of a charged bend removes the appearance of marshalling.
Troy is the submitter's legal given name.
Arenal is the registered name of an SCA branch.
The documentation for the given name was not adequately summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
Submitted as William of Hawkmoor, Hawkmoor was documented as a modern form of the place name on the LoI. While the commenters provided period forms of the place name and gave examples of other place names spelled Hawk- in period, no justification for the spelling -moor, as opposed to -more or -mora, was provided, and none could be found. We have changed the name to William of Hawkmore, to use a period form of the place name, in order to register this name.
The documentation for this name was not adequately summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing information and corrected the incorrect information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
Submitted under the name Llygad Crede.
The name Ana Linch de Yuebanc is currently registered to the submitter as an alternate name. Her previous name, Ione Linch, is released.
This device is clear of the badge of the Barony of Illiton for the Order of the Crossed Needles, Azure, two needles in saltire, points to chief, argent. There is a CD for the addition of the secondary buckles and a CD for inverting the needles.
Submitted as Androu mac_Lochlainn, this name combined Scots and Gaelic, which is a step from period practice. The submitter requested authenticity for Scotland and noted that he cared most about "Scot Borderlands Elizabethan".
For the borderlands, a wholly Scots form of the name is appropriate. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MacLachlan dates the Scots name Lachlan Maclachlan to 1555. We have changed the name to Androu Maclachlan in order to meet his request for authenticity.
The submitter requested authenticity for late 16th C Italy. This is an excellent late 16th C Italian name.
This name uses three given names in Italian, which is a step from period practice (Danièlla Rosamarìa D'Abramo, 11/2003, R-Meridies, q.v.).
The documentation was not adequately summarized on the LoI; had the commenters not supplied the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
Additionally, the name was listed in the "filing name" field as Antonia Lavinia Maria Toscano, but in the "submitted item" field as Antonia Lavina Maria Toscano. The second spelling appears to be a typo. We would like to remind submissions heralds that, when inputting a new primary name into OSCAR, it is extremely important that both the "filing name" and the "submitted item" fields contain exactly the same name. If they differ, this both causes confusion on the part of the commenters and extra work for the Laurel clerk. Gross discrepancies in the information in these fields can be grounds for pending the submission so that the commenters may comment on the actually submitted form.
Submitted under the name Arabella von Atzinger.
While Barak appears in Martin Luther's translation of the Bible into German, precedent states that: "No evidence was presented that Germany shared the late-period English vogue for resurrecting obscure Biblical names." (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 7) Therefore, lacking evidence for this pattern in German, Barak is not registerable as a Biblical name used as a given name in German.
The commenters found support for Barak in both English and Russian. As such, this name is registerable, though it combines either English or Russian with German; either combination is a step from period practice.
The documentation for the name was inadequately and incorrectly summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing and corrected information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
There is a step from period practice for the use of any bird, other than an eagle, in the displayed posture.
The submitter is a duchess and is entitled to display a ducal coronet.
Her previous device, Argent, two chevronels gules, overall a dragon passant sable, gorged of a crown embattled, dependent therefrom a chain Or, is released.
Blazoned when registered as Quarterly argent and gules, in bend two gillyflowers slipped and leaved proper, we are clarifying the tincture of the flowers.
The byname von Drachenstein is grandfathered to her; it is the registered byname of her father.
There is a step from period practice for combining Italian and German in the same name.
This device is clear of the device of Alfred Windragon Sable, a wyvern erect and a chief dovetailed Or. Precedent says:
[Per saltire sable and gules, a dragon segreant Or] ... and another CD for the difference in posture between a dragon segreant and a wyvern passant. The wyvern posture erect is equivalent to the dragon posture segreant. [Godwin of Edington, 10/03, A-Ansteorra]
Therefore, there is a CD for the change of posture of the monsters and a CD for the addition of the tertiary fleurs-de-lys.
Great 15th C Italian name!
The documentation for the name was inadequately summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
Blazoned when registered in August 1990 as Per chevron throughout sable and Or, a sword inverted sable between in chief two drinking horns addorsed Or, we are reblazoning this device in keeping with our new default for drinking horns.
Blazoned when registered in July 1974 as Or, a delf vert voided Or, at each corner a quatrefoil overall a cross alchee all vert, a cross 'alchee' does not seem to exist outside this submission and, therefore, is not reproducible. We suspect that the original cross was intended to be a cross clechy. The emblazon of her original armory has the lozenges elongated to center which is not significant for blazon purposes.
Submitted as Donnchad Camsron mac Rónaín, the accent on the second byname was misplaced. We have corrected the name to Donnchad Camsron mac Rónáin in order to register it.
The documentation summary on the LoI was not adequate; it consisted solely of the following three lines:
Quick and Easy Gaelic Names
Index of Names in Irish Annals
Academy of St. Gabriel
This summary is not adequate because it does not provide the authors of the articles, the relevant URLs, or any summary or quote of what the sources say about each element. We remind submissions heralds that failure to summarize the documentation is grounds for return; this includes Pennsic submissions. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to return this name.
Please instruct the submitter to draw the charges larger, to better fill the available space.
There is a step from period practice for the use of secondary charges in a design including a bend beviled.
Listed on the LoI as Dovaidu maggas Baidagni, both the forms and the documentation spell the middle element maqqas. We have made this correction in order to register the name.
Please instruct the submitter to draw more prominent erasing on the wolf's head.
Commenters asked if there is a step from period practice for the use of Thor's hammers. Thor's hammer amulets are period artifacts, and the hammers are depicted in runic inscriptions. Section VII.3 of the Rules for Submissions says that "The use of artifacts that, though not found in period armory, follow a pattern of charges found in period armory, will not be considered a step from period practice" Since the amulets are representations of hammers and tools are depicted in period armory, their use is not a step from period practice.
The use of the ululant posture is a step from period practice. Since that is the only step in this device, it can be registered.
There was some question whether the pattern de X de Y is documentable in English. Precedent says:
Submitted as Christian de la Rose of Acre, the submitter requested a name authentic for a 13th C crusader and accepted only minor changes. Albion notes:
The construction of the name, with the prepositions in different languages, is unlikely for the 13th century. The only time that I've found double locatives in English in the 13th century is in a wholly Latin context, and there I've only found two. My "Names from 13th C Northumberland" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/english/northumberland.html) has the following:
Adam de Allebray de Novo Castro
Michael de Anegos de Scocia
[Christian de la Rose de Acre, LoAR 10/2006, Meridies-A]
Edelweiss provides further examples of this name construction pattern from the UK National Archives:
SC 8/131/6546 John de Waltham de Lonndre c.1320
SC 8/16/722 Johan de Oldebury de la Leigh {en la counte de Wiltes} 1320-1327
SC 8/95/4705 John de York de gnt. Driffeld [Great Driffield] 1381-2
The examples provided by Edelweiss further support the pattern noted by Albion. Therefore, we are upholding the registerability of the pattern de X de Y in 13th-14th C English.
This device is clear of the device of Jehanne de Huguenin, Sable, three owls rising sinister wing elevated argent each maintaining a willow slip vert. There is a CD for the change of tincture of the field and a CD for the difference between a swan and an owl. While the November 2003 Cover Letter assigns these birds to different categories, there is not substantial difference in this case because owls are not found in the rising posture in period.
Elizabeth has permission to conflict with the device of Rorik Fredericsson, Azure, a grey goose volant bendwise wings addorsed proper gorged of a coronet Or.
The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C England. As submitted, this name is an excellent 14th C name.
Reremice are also known as bats displayed. Bats inverted are registerable, by precedent:
We will accordingly consider a bat (displayed) inverted to be a step from period practice ("a weirdness") unless documentation is provided for bats inverted in period heraldry. [October 2002 LoAR, A-Lochac]
Therefore, there is a step from period practice for the use of a reremouse inverted.
Submitted as Emme Foster of Whickam, the submitter requested authenticity for pre-Elizabethan English. The documentation for the second byname was incorrectly summarized on the LoI. The LoI claimed that Whickam is dated to c1201 in Ekwall, s.n. Whickam, p. 513, but this is not the case. The spelling which is in fact dated to 1201 (not circa 1201 as noted in the LoI) is Quicham. The College did not find any pre-1600 citation for Whickam. The most similar period spelling is Whickham, found from 1567 according to Watts, Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, s.n. Whickham. Earlier, the name is spelled Whykham or Whikham between 1380 and 1547. We have changed the name to Emme Foster of Whikham to meet her request for authenticity.
Submitted as BeFail ingen Artuir, the documentation spelled the given name as two elements. We have changed the name to Be_Fail ingen Artuir to match the documentation in order to register this name.
Eric is the submitter's legal given name.
Nice cant!
No documentation was provided for the byname von Reyenspurg on the LoI. Siren found evidence for this spelling of the city name in our period:
Deutsche Reichstagsakten, Volume 8 (published 1883), p. 134, has the spelling in a transcription of a 1422 document (http://books.google.com/books?id=rD0OAAAAQAAJ). It says: "...daz un{ss}er gnediger herre der konnig z(a u with some mark that I can't make out) Reyenspurg (again the u has some marking)..." Later in the same document it appears again, without the diacritic: "odir ze Reyenspurg..."
Thus, we are able to register the name as submitted.
Nice late-period Scots name!
The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C English. This is a fine 16th C English name.
The documentation for the name was not adequately summarized on the LoI; the title and author of the article cited for the given name were not provided. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
This name combines Gaelic and Anglicized Irish, which is a step from period practice.
Gwenllian and Rhydderch were documented from Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's "Simple Guide to Constructing a 16th Century Welsh Names". However, in that source, Gwenllian and Rhydderch are listed as modern forms. This article lists period forms as Gwenlliana, Wenllyan, Gwenllyan and Rudderch, Rydderch respectively. The commenters were able to find the Gwenllian as a 16th C form in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's "Women's Names in the First Half of 16th Century Wales". Noir Licorne found "... dated to 1564 in Shropshire (ancestry.com): '21 Feb 1564 John ap David ap Rys, of St. Martyns. Goshipps, John ap David ap Howell, Rhydderch ap Eignion & Elnor Hanmer chr." As this citation is from extracted records, not general genealogical information, and is a faithful direct transcription as best we can tell, this documentation is sufficient to support the form Rhydderch as a 16th C form. Therefore, this name is registerable as submitted.
This name combines English and German, which is a step from period practice.
This is the defining instance of an F-clef in Society armory. No documentation was provided. Batonvert, during commentary, provided documentation that this form of the F-clef was period:
Fortunately, this depiction of the F-clef is found in 1504, in the Frottole libro primo (New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, vol.6, p.26)
This F-clef is a disjoint charge, but considered a single unit, like an ermine spot. We do not grant a difference between the various forms of musical notation.
The documentation for the name was not adequately summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing information we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
This device is clear of the device of Laszlo Oroszlanveri Vert, a lion rampant dismembered Or, multiply vulned gules. There is a CD for the addition of the bordure and a CD for the addition of the pellets.
Submitted as Jocelin le Verdière, the byname was documented as Verdière on the LoI, and no argument was given for the addition of the masculine definite article le. We have dropped the article to match the documentation.
If the submitter is interested in a form of the name that retains a word between the given name and Verdiere, Siren notes that there is a street in Amiens named Le Verdiere in a 1248 document, cited in Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Picardie, p. 311. This could be used to construct a locative byname du Verdiere (du derives from de le or de Le).
His old device, Gyronny of six azure and Or, a bordure counterchanged, is retained as a badge.
Precedent says:
[Gules, between a chevron and a chevron inverted two double-bitted axes in chevron argent.] The combination of a chevron with a chevron inverted in the same armory is a distinct step from period practice, but is only one "weirdness." [John Logan, LoAR 09/2004, Meridies-A]
This precedent is hereby overturned. On page 503 of the Dictionary of British Arms, vol. 2, there is a record of Per pale chevron interlaced with another reversed on the seal of John filii Michaelis "c1220".
Juliane was documented from Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Julian, which dates Gunnilda filia Juliane to 1211. In this example, Juliane is in the genitive case; the expected nominative form is Juliana. Since we do not register given names in forms which are not in the nominative case, this citation does not support Juliane as a given name. However, this spelling of the name can be documented in French; it appears in Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris", and Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Given Names from Brittany, 1384-1600". With this documentation, we are able to register the name as submitted.
Please instruct the submitter to draw the fimbriation slightly wider so it is more visible.
The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C French. This name is appropriate for southern France (that is, Occitan/Provençal-speaking areas) in that time period.
The documentation for Lederbach provided on the LoI was insufficient. The LoI cited a modern gazetteer which lists this city name; this does not provide any evidence that the name, or even the city, is period. Noir Licorne comments:
I've found Lederbach in Latin: Hessisches Urkundenbuch, a publication of the Prussian state archive (1899). This [...] appears to be a direct transcription (no normalization). The record (see image below) is from 1292 with a footnote dated to 1470 - I'm not sure what the footnote is referring to.
Since Lederbach doesn't show any obvious signs of Latinization, it's plausible that this spelling was also used in the vernacular at this time. Thus, on the basis of this citation, von Lederbach is a registerable byname.
Submitted as Khadagan Kereljegene, the submitter indicated that language (Mongolian) and meaning ("the mouse") were most important and allowed all changes.
Some question was raised about whether the spelling Khadagan should be Khadaghan. The submitted form Khadagan appears in Marta as tu Mika-Mysliwy's article "Mongolian Naming Practices" (KWHS Proceedings, 1999). Therefore, the submitted form is registerable.
The element Kereljegene was submitted as a modern Mongolian word meaning "mouse". However, it specifically means 'field-mouse'. It is unlikely that the word Kereljegene is a plausible medieval name element, as Leonor Ruiz de Lisón explains:
The Lingua Mongolia dictionary, while a useful resource, includes many words found in Classical Mongolian that are not attested to in Middle/Preclassical Written Mongolian. In all of the Preclassical Written Mongolian texts I have seen, the typical word for 'mouse, rat' is 'khulughana' or 'khulukhana' (q may be substituted for 'kh' in all of these words, and you will usually see the word written as 'quluqana/qulughana').
However, 'kereljegene' appears to specifically mean 'field mouse." While Classical and Preclassical Written Mongolian vocabulary is often the same, there are some differences, and when documented Preclassical Written/Middle Mongolian words are available, I prefer to use those.
"The Secret History of the Mongols" (trans. Igor de Rachewiltz, notes 89 & 111, pp. 383 and 425) discusses an old term for field mouse used in the text, 'küchügür', and gives 'küchügüne' or 'küchügene' as a more common, but perhaps less specific, variant which appears in both "The Secret History" and in the c. 1651-55 text of "Altan tobchi" [...].
'Küchügür' or 'Güchügür' is attested as a male personal name in "Altan tobchi"; it is also the name of the main clan of the Naiman tribe and could be used to construct a tribal byname. Volker Rybatzki's dissertation "Die Personennamen und titel der Mittelmongolischen Dokumente (The personal names and titles of Middle Mongolian documents)" discusses the onomastics of these words pretty extensively (pp. 533-534).
...
I would feel pretty confident about 'Khadaghan Küchügene', 'Khadaghan Küchügür', or 'Khadaghan Khulughana' as a name. 'Küchügu'jin Khadaghan' (Khadaghan of the Kuchugur clan) would also be fine. I do not believe there is sufficient evidence for 'kereljegene' as a word that would have been used in SCA period.
Of the names suggested by Leonor, Khadaghan Küchügene is most similar to the originally submitted name, so we have changed the name to Khadaghan Küchügene in order to register it. We note that the other three forms, Khadaghan Küchügür, Khadaghan Khulughana, and Küchügu'jin Khadaghan are also registerable.
Submitted as Lasair inghean uíhAirt, following uí, there is no h before Airt. However, there should be a space. We have changed the name to Lasair inghean uí_Airt to correct these two problems.
Submitted as Leopoldo ibn Talib ibn Habib ibn Abdul-Malik ibn Salih al-Razïm, the documentation spelled the final element al-Raz{i-}n{i-}. Lacking evidence that al-Razïm is a period Arabic byname, it is not registerable. We have changed the name to Leopoldo ibn Talib ibn Habib ibn Abdul-Malik ibn Salih al-Razini to use the documented form. Since the rest of the name does not mark the long vowels, we have omitted those markings from the final byname.
Leopoldo is the submitter's legal given name.
Submitted as Liadan O'Tuathail, there were two problems with the byname.
First, it combined the Anglicized Irish O' with the Gaelic Tuathail, violating RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency.
Second, it used a masculine form of the byname with a feminine given name. In Gaelic, bynames were used literally, so the gender of the byname must match the gender of the given name.
A wholly Gaelic feminine form of the byname which is appropriate for the time period of Liadan is ingen hUi Thuathail. We have changed the name to Liadan ingen hUi Thuathail in order to register it.
Submitted as Llywelyn Glyndwr, Glyndwr was documented from Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #2127 as "a contracted form of the place name which is <Glyndyfrdwy> in modern Welsh". The report does not provide any evidence that this contracted form is period. Owen & Morgan, Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales, s.n. Glyndyfrdwy gives the following period citations: Glynndyfyrdwy 1279, Glindou(er)do 1283, Glyndowerdwe 1334, Glyndyvyrdoy 1392, and Glyndyverdwy 1414. The submitter indicated that if the name must be changed, he cared most about late-period Welsh, so the 1414 citation of Glyndyverdwy is the most appropriate. We have changed the name to Llywelyn Glyndyverdwy in order to register it.
The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C German. The byname was dated to 1441. As we have not been able to find any earlier examples of this byname, we cannot confirm that the name is authentic for the 14th C.
This name combines Occitan and English, which is a step from period practice.
Submitted under the name Medhbh inghean Uí Drisceóil.
The use of a compass star is a step from period practice.
Submitted as Morgan MacAoidh of Dearnhelde, Gaelic patronymic bynames and Gaelic family names in period were always two words, not one. We have changed the name to Morgan Mac_Aoidh of Dearnhelde, adding the required space, in order to register it.
This name combines English (Morgan) and Gaelic (Mac Aoidh), which is a step from period practice.
Dearnhelde is the registered name of an SCA branch.
The documentation for the byname was not adequately summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
Submitted as Morwith verch Willim Bleth Wyn, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Welsh. As we have not found any 13th C examples of Bleth (the earliest example of this byname that we found is Bleithe dated to 1326 in Morgan & Morgan, Welsh Surnames, s.n. Bleddyn), we have dropped this element to comply with the submitter's request for authenticity.
Submitted under the name Nataliia Wohlgemuth.
This name does not conflict with Prudence Cowley, which is the legal name of the character "Tuppence," from the Tommy and Tuppence series of mysteries by Agatha Christie. This character is not important enough to protect.
Nice 13th C English name!
The documentation for the name was not correctly summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the correct information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
This name consists of a family name followed by a nanori, a formal given name. This construction is not common in Japanese, but it is found in period, as indicated by precedent:
There was some question whether this name followed construction patterns found in Japanese names. We believe it does reflect a documentary form, the form [surname] + [nanori] (a nanori is a formal name reserved to the aristography [sic], according to Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan). This is the form of the name that would appear on official documents. However, the form [surname] + [yobina] + [nanori] is considerably more likely, especially for the 16th C (the yobina is a less formal "use" name). [Yamahara Yorimasa, LoAR 03/2006, Æthelmearc-A]
The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C German, but allows no changes.
Sigmund is a fine choice for both the 14th and 15th C. It is dated to 1392, 1397, 1381-88, and 1420 in Talan Gwynek, "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia".
As submitted, Kittel was documented to the 15th C. Pelican Emeritus found Kittel as a byname dated to 1386 in a transcription that does not appear normalized (but the original document is not viewable) at http://www.mom-ca.uni-koeln.de/MOM-CA/show_charterDetail_Action.do?id=313091&highlight=yes&type=simple. This example supports Kittel as a 14th C form as well.
Based on this information, the submitted name is an excellent name for 14th C German.
Submitted as Signý illrað{o,}, the byname illrað{o,} was intended to be a feminine form of illraða. This form is not quite correct. The feminine form of illraða is illr{o,}ð. We have made this correction in order to register the name.
Listed on the LoI as Siobhán ingheau Aodhagáiu, both the forms and the documentation spelled the byname inghean Aodhagáin. We have made this correction.
The documentation was not adequately summarized on the LoI; had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
Listed on the LoI as Wen verch Iareword, both the forms and the documentation spelled the patronym Ioreword. We have made this correction.
The documentation was inadequately and incorrectly summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the correct and missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this name.
The documentation for the name was not adequately summarized on the LoI. We remind submissions heralds that the title, author, and URL should be provided for every web page cited.
The submitter noted that she preferred Isadora to Ysa Dora if it could be documented. While we were unable to find any support for Isadora as a period name, we did find that the variant Isidora appears in Paul Wickenden of Thanet, "Dictionary of Period Russian Names", as the name of a 4th C saint. As Isidora is not the form requested by the submitter, we have not changed the given name to this form but have noted it in case she may be interested in this form. We note that Isidora von Drachenstein combines Russian and German, a combination that is registerable with a step from period practice.
The byname von Drachenstein is grandfathered to the submitter; it is the registered byname of her husband.
Submitted under the name Ysmay of New Ross.
Submitted under the name Ysmay of New Ross.
Blazoned when registered in October 1991 as Purpure, a increscent and on a chief argent a mullet between two drinking horns addorsed vert, we have defined the position as the default.
Her old device, Sable, in pile a rose slipped and leaved argent and a feather Or, is released.
Outlands Page Academy is a generic identifier.
Listed on the LoI as Àz{i-}za al-{H.}urra, the documentation and the form spelled the given name `Az{i-}za. We have made this correction. We require that Arabic names use a consistent transcription throughout the entire name. In the case of this name, this would be Aziza al-Hurra, the slightly more scholarly `Aziza al-Hurra, or the significantly more scholarly `Az{i-}za al-{H.}urra. Since the submitted form of this name uses the significantly more scholarly transcription, we have returned the name to this form.
The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Silvan Luneau, Gules, a sea-griffin erect Or tailed and maintaining a fleur-de-lys argent, registered elsewhere on this letter.
While the permission to conflict for the armory was mentioned on the LoI, it was attached to the name submission. Submissions heralds are reminded that the two notes sections are separate and people who comment through the "Comment" interface on OSCAR will not see the relevant information.
Submitted under the name Bebhinn Ó Siodhacháin.
Listed on the LoI as Cassandra Basset_, the name was originally submitted as Cassandra Bassette and changed in kingdom because no documentation was found for Bassette.
Siren notes that "British History Online gives several period people with the surname spelled <Bassette>: 1539 (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=75874&strquery=bassette), 1604 (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=112201&strquery=bassette) and 1436 (available to subscribers only)."
Given this documentation, we have restored the byname to the originally submitted form.
We have blazoned this as a coronet because the projections are not recognizable as strawberry leaves.
The submitter is a duke and, therefore, entitled to use a coronet on his device.
This is clear of the device of Beatrix Behr, Argent semy of bees azure, registered in December 2009. There is a CD for the addition of the bordure and a CD, by precedent, for the difference between butterflies and bees:
... There is one CD for changing the field and a second CD for changing the type of the group around the cotised chevron from bees to butterflies. [Sorcha inghean Shearraigh, July 2003, A-Atlantia]
We also grant a CD between butterflies and dragonflies, so this submission is clear of the device of Agatha of the Abbey, Argent, three dragonflies within a bordure azure. There is a CD for the change of type and a CD for the change of number of primaries.
This is clear of the device of Magdalen MacKenzie, Gules, a sun in splendor and on a chief wavy Or three roses leaved gules. There is a CD for changing the complex line of the chief and another for changing the type and number of the tertiary charges.
This name combines Early Modern Irish and Middle Irish, which is a step from period practice.
Submitted as Hala Hatun bint Yuhannan, Yuhannan was documented from Da'ud ibn Auda, "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices", as an Arabic form of John. However, Yuhannan does not in fact appear in this article. The most similar name in the article is Yuhanna. The name listed as an Arabic form of John is Yahya. We have opted to change the patronym to the former, since it is more similar to the submitted form.
Additionally, Hatun is a title and is not registerable:
Submitted as Nafisa Hatun bint Abdullah, Hatun is a title meaning 'lady' and has previously been ruled unregisterable... [Nefise bint Abdullah, LoAR 07/2009, East-A]
While the submitter does not allow major changes, such as dropping an element, she specifically agreed to drop Hatun, which we have done in order to register the name.
As with any alternate title, if the submitter has received an award that carries the rank for that title, she may use the alternate title instead of the standard English title, if she so chooses. For example, in this case, instead of using Lady Hala bint Yuhanna, she may use Hala Hatun bint Yuhanna.
Submitted as Clann Fáelán, the element Fáelán was in the nominative case. Following Clann, an element needs to be lenited and put in the genitive (possessive) case. We have changed the name to Clann Fháeláin to correct the grammar so that it can be registered.
Clann Fháeláin does not conflict with Clan Faol-lonn, registered to Lachlann Faol-lonn o Lochlon. Effric neyn Kennyeocht explains how the substantive elements Faol-lonn and Fháeláin are significantly different in sound:
The pronunciations are significantly different...there are at least these differences:
<Fh> in Clann Fháeláin is silent, <F> in Clan Faol-lonn is pronounced "f"
While early period <áe> does become late period <ao>, the pronunciation of the vowel is different
<á> is a long vowel (that is, held for a long duration), <o> is short (held for only a short duration). Also, <á> is pronounced with an "ah" quality, <o> is pronounced with an "oh" quality
The pronunciation difference between slender, single <n> and broad, double <nn> in Gaelic is significant. Slender, single <n> is palatal (like the <ñ> in Spanish <señor> and the <gn> in French <montaigne> and Italian <lasagna>). Broad, double <nn> is a velarized dental -- say "n" while sticking your tongue out and pressing it up against your front teeth while simultaneously raising the back of the tongue towards the back of the roof of your mouth. (Trust me, they don't sound the same, even to English ears!)
In addition, <Fháeláin> is a single word with emphasis on the first syllable, while <Faol-lonn> appears to be two words with roughly equal emphasis.
So, taken altogether, the only sound that is the same between <Fháeláin> and <Faol-lonn> is the (first) <l>. Everything else is different. The difference is actually greater than, say, the difference between <élan> and <fool Lynn> in English.
When properly pronounced, the substantive elements are significantly different in sound. Combined with the significant difference in appearance, the two names are clear.
Submitted under the name Uesugi Yama'neko.
The use of a paw print is a step from period practice.
Great name!
Alloue was documented as a header name in Dauzat, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Noms de Famille et Prenoms de France. This header form alone is not sufficient documentation. Many header names in Dauzat are purely modern, so they do not provide evidence for pre-1600 usage.
Noir Licorne found examples of Alloue as a byname in records dated to 1615, 1620, and 1637. These Gray Area examples are sufficient to register this form of the name.
Submitted as Maria Bramer, the submitter noted that she preferred the spelling Brammer if it could be documented. Brewer, ed., Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 1, p. 489 dates one Richard Brammer to 1511. We have registered the name as Maria Brammer in order to give the submitter her desired spelling.
Submitted under the name Berel Luc de San Michel.
Luneau was documented on the LoI as the modern form of a French place name. Green Staff notes that "There's a <Lyot Luneau> in a list of soldiers from 1537 on p. 284 of Archives historiques de la Saintonge et de l'Aunis at http://books.google.com/books?id=kgBeAAAAIAAJ," showing that this spelling is also appropriate for a pre-1600 byname.
The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of `Az{i-}za al-Hurra, Gules, a sea-griffin Or tailed argent maintaining a heart Or, in canton an increscent argent, registered elsewhere on this letter.
Submitted as Tuathal an Damh Gil mac Sáerbrethach Ui Donnchad_, the grammar of each of the bynames was not quite correct.
The byname an Damh Gil '[of] the white ox' was constructed based on the documented byname in Eich Gil '[of] the white horse'. The correct phrase with this meaning is in Daim_ Gil, using the earlier forms of the definite article and the word for 'ox', and putting Dam into the genitive case.
Additionally, following mac, Sáerbrethach needs to be in the genitive case, i.e., Sáerbrethaig, and following Uí, Donnchad needs to be in the genitive case, i.e., Donnchada.
Finally, in Gaelic names, accents must be either used or dropped uniformly throughout the name. If the accent on Sáerbrethaig is used, then the clan particle needs to have the accent too, i.e., Uí.
We have made these corrections in order to register this name.
This name combines German and Czech or Serbo-Croatian, which is a step from period practice.
Blazoned when registered as Argent, a lion counter-sejant erect coward gardant gules seated upon a stone sable and playing a viol vert with a bow sable, the stone and instrument are both maintained charges.
- Explicit littera accipiendorum -
This device is returned for violating the so-called "sword-and-dagger" principle. The original statement, from the September 1993 Cover Letter, says: "If two charges are artistically distinct, but heraldically identical, they should not be used in the same armory." Since only the tertiary roses are slipped and leaved, this device violates that principle. The charges may be anywhere on the device, they need not be in the same charge group or together on the field. For more information on that decision, see the March 2007 LoAR, in the return of the device of Desiderata Drake.
This name is returned for problems with the documentation for Chi. Chi was documented from Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, p. 149, s.v. Pond, as the pre-1600 Chinese reading of a character that appears as an element in some Japanese names such as Kikuchi 1332.
While some evidence was found that Chi is in use modernly as a Chinese surname, no support was provided and none was found that Chi alone is a plausible period Chinese hsing (which identifies the maternal clan) or shih (which identifies the paternal clan). [For more information on Chinese naming, see Yin Mei Li's "Period Chinese Names".] Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #2346 discusses Chinese naming practices for the period 1100 and 1500 and includes a list of hsings in use during that era. However, this list does not include Chi.
Lacking evidence that Chi is a plausible period Chinese surname, this name is not registerable.
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Katherine of Scarborough, Quarterly vert and argent, two roses argent. There is a single CD for the change of field; no difference is granted between peonies and roses, no difference for slipping and leaving, and the position of Katherine's flowers are forced and, therefore, not worth a CD.
The device is also returned for conflict with the device of Áine Whyterose, Per pale azure and gules, two roses slipped and leaved in chevron inverted argent. There is a CD for the field. No difference is granted for the position of the slips and leaves and the blossoms of the flowers are in effectively the same position.
The device is clear of the device of Alesia Anna von Altmul, Per fess indented azure and Or, in chief two edelweiss argent seeded Or. There is a CD for the changes to the field and a CD for the unforced move of the flowers to chief, since the field is neutral and the flowers could overlie the line of division.
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Cherie Ruadh MhicRath of Locksley, Vert, on a tree eradicated argent a cat herisonny guardant gules and with the device of Phillip MhicRath of Locksley, Vert, on a tree eradicated argent a crescent gules. In each case, there is a single CD for the field. There is no difference granted between a plain tree and a tree eradicated. Since a tree is not suitable for purposes of section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submissions, there is not a CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charges.
This name conflicts with Eva Goch. The given names are not significantly different in appearance.
Commenters were nearly unanimous in being unable to figure out what the beast on the chief was: a common suggestion was 'a cat'. This is a violation of section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance."
The device is also returned for having the beast in an unblazonable posture. It is not sejant; a sejant creature would be much more upright. It is not statant, since a statant creature would have the hindquarters supported by the legs, not by a hard surface. This violates section VII.7.b of the RfS, which says that "Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon." Since the posture cannot be blazoned, it must be returned.
The proposed byname Galdra- 'Witchcraft-, Sorcery-' violates RfS VI.2 Names Claiming Powers, which says "Names containing elements that allude to powers that the submitter does not possess are considered presumptuous. Society names may not claim divine descent, superhuman abilities, or other powers that the submitter does not actually possess." Previous Sovereigns have returned names with bynames meaning 'the sorceress' (Ragnhildr in Sieðkona, LoAR 01/2005, q.v.) and 'the wizard' (Dirk de Tovenaar, LoAR 03/2001, q.v.). The submitted byname is analogous.
His device has been registered under the holding name Aron of Hartstone.
This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Angus le Todde Mac Donnell, Per bend sinister engrailed argent and azure, a sprig of three cherries proper. There is a single CD for the change of tincture of the field but no CD is granted between apples and cherries, by precedent:
...It would appear that even period heralds had difficulty telling the two charges apart. As the charges were not distinct in period, we grant no difference between an apple and a cherry. [Cécille Cerise of Cherybeare, October 2005, R-Calontir]
Angus' cherries are arranged in fess.
This device is returned for violating section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which states that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." Commenters were unable to identify the inverted Omega. Guesses ranged from torcs to horseshoes.
On resubmission, the submitter should be aware that there was some confusion on whether the wings were attached to the sword or the book. Several commenters called for return based on this ambiguity.
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Loy Schiemann der Kleine, Per pale argent and sable, two crosses formy fitchy counterchanged, registered last month. There is a single CD for the change of tincture of the field.
This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Roderick of Basing, Argent, upon an unbarbed rose azure another argent, seeded Or, and with the badge of Thomas of Linlithgow, (Fieldless) A rose azure, barbed vert, charged with a lynx head cabossed argent. In each case, there is a CD for the fieldless design against any other design, but there is not a CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charge, since a cinquefoil is not suitable for purposes of section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submission.
This badge is clear of conflict with the device of Alyanora of Vinca, Argent, a periwinkle [Vinca minor] proper and the device of Alys of the Midnight Rose, Or, a rose slipped and leaved azure. Precedent says:
[Argent, a rose azure barbed within a wreath of thorns vert] Conflict with Alyanora of Vinca, Argent, a periwinkle [Vinca minor] proper. There is one CD for adding the wreath of thorns. Per the May 2000 LoAR, "Periwinkles are bluish purple and by current precedent (see the September 1996 LoAR, pg. 17 ...) they are not significantly different from either blue or purple roses." [Cassandra Attewoode, November 2003, R-Atenveldt]
Therefore, while there is no difference for any change to the primary charges, in each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and a CD for the addition of the tertiary mullet.
This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Ragnarr ulfheðinn, reblazoned in August 2005 and associated with the name Gregor von Drachenstein, (Fieldless) In fess a dragon's jambe inverted and conjoined to a dragon's sinister wing Or. We do not grant difference between bat (dragon) wings and bird wings, nor do we grant difference between a lion's jambe and a dragon's. There is a single CD for comparing two fieldless badges, but no other difference. As there is a blazonable difference, this badge would be registerable, barring other conflicts, were Ragnarr to give Justing permission to conflict.
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Lessa of the Wierde Beasties, Argent, a monarch butterfly displayed proper. [Monarchus monarchus]. While there is a CD for change of number of primary charges, there is not a CD for the difference between gules butterflies and Lessa's Monarch butterfly, which is mostly a very red-hued tenné.
This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Steffan ap Cenydd of Silverwing, (Fieldless) A pair of wings conjoined in lure argent. There is a single CD for the field.
The badge is; however, clear of the device of Matill of Windkeep, Purpure, three sinister wings argent. There is a CD for changing the number of wings and a CD for reversing half of the charge group.
Precedent says:
Under both the old rules and the new rules, there is a clear difference between a hammer and a hammer inverted, between a pheon and a pheon inverted, etc. By the simple expedient of taking several standard depictions of wings in lure and wings in vol and inverting them, we came to the conclusion that the difference between the lure and the vol is essentially an inversion of the other charge. Therefore, it is our feeling that a clear difference exists between a wing and a vol and this armoury is clear of the cited arms of de la Baud under both rules. [Peter Francis Christopher Michaels, November 1989, A-CAID]
Therefore, this badge is clear of the device of Francois le Féroce, Per chevron vert and argent, in chief a pair of wings argent. There is a CD for the field and a CD for the difference between Francois' wings, which are in vol, and this submission's, which are in lure.
The badge is also clear of the badge Etienne Xavier Bondurant de Blacquemoor, Purpure, a caltrop inverted conjoined to a pair of wings displayed argent. Etienne's appears to be a primary vol with an overall caltrop, in which case it is clear with a CD for inverting the wings and a CD for the addition of the overall charge. If considered as a winged caltrop, the device is clear by X.2. If considered three co-primary charges conjoined, the submission is clear with a CD for removing one of the three charges and a CD for inverting the remaining two.
This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Astra Christiana Benedict, (Tinctureless) On a mullet a cross crosslet. There is a CD for comparing a tinctureless and tinctured design, but all other CDs must come from something other than tincture. Mullets are not suitable for purposes of section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submissions. There is, therefore, no CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charge.
None.
None.
This device is returned for violating section IX.2 of the Rules for Submissions, which says "Magical or religious symbolism that is excessive or mocks the beliefs of others will not be registered." The body of the rule says "Magical or religious symbolism is not usually inherently offensive, but offends by context. Both devotees and opponents of a particular religion may be offended by an excessive display of the symbols of that religion..."
This device has three visible references to modern paganism: the phases of the moon, the pentacle, and the chalice. According to some of our commenters, the primarily blue and white design is used in many modern pagan banner or flag designs. The charges are also apparently arranged very similarly to a pagan altar, which could be considered another reference to religion. The combination of all the elements, and the context in which they are set, rises above our threshold for excessive religious symbolism.
Since this is a return for the overall context of the design, we leave unanswered the question of whether three references to religion are excessive by themselves, without other contextual issues.
This submission was an appeal of a kingdom return for excessive religious symbolism and for excessive complexity. With three tinctures (azure, argent, vert) and five charge types (roundel, crescent, chalice, mullet, annulet), it has a complexity count of eight. Section VIII.1.a of the Rules for Submissions says that "the total of the number of tinctures plus the number of types of charges in a design should not exceed eight." Since this design does not exceed that limit, complexity should not have been considered in the final decision.
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Michael of Braghan, Azure, a bend bevilled argent. Both engouling and bevilling are complex treatments of a bend. Therefore, there is only a single CD between a bend engouled and a bend bevilled.
This device is returned for using a low-contrast complex line of division. Precedent says:
[Per bend sinister nebuly azure and sable, in bend a Norse sun cross argent and double rose argent and azure.] This has an unregisterable low-contrast complex line of division: "...Finally, we no longer allow combining azure and sable with a complex line of division." (Sep 1997, Returns, Trimaris, Tymm Colbert le Gard) This is one of the combinations that has been held to violate RfS VIII.3, Armorial Identifiability, even without a charge overlying it. [Katerin ferch Gwenllian, LoAR 06/2004, Middle-R]
This name is returned for lack of documentation for compound bynames being prepended in English. While there is evidence for prepended bynames in English, all of the examples that the College found were simple, single-word bynames. Latimer comments:
Of the cited examples in Jonsjo's "Middle English Nicknames", I found only six where the compound nickname was the first element of a multi-element name (there are various other instances where a person was recorded by a compound nickname alone):
<Deuleward of Skapwic> 1231 [Deuleward]
<Godmanno parvo> c1220-27? [Godman]
<Godsaule de Brakenholm'> 1361-64 [Godsoule]
<Maluaisin de Hersin> 1230 [Mauveysin]
<Mauuaisin clericus> 1230 [Mauveysin]
<Richemann Calle> 1241 [Richeman]
It does not appear that the second element in any of these is a given name. As the overwhelming majority of the cited examples take the form <given name> <compound nickname>, it appears statistically legitimate to conclude that the pattern <compound nickname> <given name> did not exist, unless there is reason to believe Jonsjo normalized his data.
Lacking evidence for the pattern <compound nickname> <given name> in English, this pattern is not registerable. We would change the name to Gilmyn Blackleg in order to register it, but the submitter does not allow major changes, such as changing the order of the elements.
This is an appeal of a return from the December 2007 LoAR, which read:
This place name does not match known patterns for forming German place names. No documentation was provided and none found to support the use of -hund "hound" or for any animal name as the second element in two-part compound German town or city names. While animal names are used in this way in house names, house names are not appropriate models for branch names. Barring documentation for such a formation, it is not registerable.
In appeal, the submitters provide examples of place names which they believe contain the name of an animal as the second element including:
Mule: Greutzmuhl, Kranstermuhl, Kröthemuhl, Hauffenmuhl, Ladmul, Brantemule.
Catfish: Oberweloz.
Bull: Tetenbul, Walsbul.
Cat: Oberkatz, Unterkatz.
Weasel: Wesel, Oberwesel.
Cow: Gutzkow, Volkskow, Crucow, Woltkow, Bertkow, Lantkow, Kritzkow.
Sow: Smarsow, Rosentasow, Gransow, Dassow, Rensow.
Unfortunately, this list and the purported derivations contain many misconceptions about medieval German place names:
The element muhl does not mean 'mule' in German, but rather 'mill'; the word mule or mul means 'mouth' (Ladmul is located at the mouth of a river). The usual German word for mule is maultier.
Oberweloz was named after the river on which it lies, the Wölzer Bach. Given its location in Moravia, the river name is more likely of Slavic origin than German.
Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Bulle notes that the word bul(le) for 'bull' did not exist before the 16th C. Instead, in these place names -bul represents either a variant of Middle Low German pûl 'water-filled depression' or of Danish -bøl 'farm'.
The cities of Oberkatz and Unterkatz are named after the river Katz, not the word for 'cat'.
Wesel and Ober Wesel derive not from the word for 'weasel' but either from Weselo 'low-lying bog area' or from an older Celtic settlement named Volsavia or Volsolvia.
The examples of -kow, -cow, and -sow are not examples of the medieval German word for 'cow' and 'sow', but are rather examples of places ending in -ow, as the examples of Clabow, Turow, Ilow, etc., show. These are almost certainly all German spellings of Slavic place names.
None of the commenters were able to find any German place name that unequivocally used the name of an animal as the second element. Barring such examples, this pattern continues to be unregisterable.
This device is returned for lack of blazonability. Section VII.7.b of the Rules for Submissions requires that "Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon." Described on the LoI as a Bowen knot crosswise, the item interlaced with the annulet is not actually blazonable. Bowen knots have rounded ends, a space in the middle, and are set saltirewise. Occasionally, one finds a version which appears to be made out of five rectangles. The Bowen cross, in the SCA, is the angular version set crosswise, similar to a cross of lozenges. There is no way to blazon the charge here, which has no space in the center and has rounded arms with pointed ends.
None.
None.
None.
This device is returned for using a low-contrast complex line of division. Precedent says:
[Per bend sinister nebuly azure and sable, in bend a Norse sun cross argent and double rose argent and azure.] This has an unregisterable low-contrast complex line of division: "...Finally, we no longer allow combining azure and sable with a complex line of division." (Sep 1997, Returns, Trimaris, Tymm Colbert le Gard) This is one of the combinations that has been held to violate RfS VIII.3, Armorial Identifiability, even without a charge overlying it. [Katerin ferch Gwenllian, LoAR 06/2004, Middle-R]
The byname Miles is the approved alternate Latin term for "knight". As such, it violates RfS VI.1 Names Claiming Rank and is not registerable.
Miles is also used as an English given name in period. Therefore, it is registerable as a given name. However, it has to be unmistakably in a given name context. In a three element name of this type, the second element can be a byname or it can a second given name (in the 16th C). As this usage is not clearly as a given name, Miles is not registerable in this context.
We would drop Miles in order to register this name, but we cannot do so for two reasons. First, he does not allow major changes, which includes dropping an element. Second, the result would be insufficiently different from his legal name, and so would violate AH III.A, Name Used by the Submitter Outside the Society.
The form Miles Martin is also registerable as it uses Miles in a context that can only be a given name. However, this form also requires dropping an element, which is a major change.
His device has been registered under the holding name Mark of Ravenwood.
This device caused much discussion of whether or not it was a primary drum between two secondary bars, two primary bars surrounding a secondary drum, or three co-primary charges. No consensus was reached in commentary. As it is not possible to accurately blazon this device, it is returned for violating section VIII.7.b of the Rules for Submissions, which says "Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon." Since this arrangement cannot be described in blazon, it is not registerable.
On resubmission, the submitter should take care to avoid the appearance of having the drum and bars as three co-primary charges. If this is considered three co-primaries, it will conflict with the important non-SCA armory of Drummond, Earl of Perth, Or, three bars wavy gules.
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Kathryn of Oldenburg, Per fess gules and Or, a sun Or and a falcon displayed sable. The SCA considers suns and mullets of more than six points to be identical for purposes of conflict. There is, therefore, a single CD for the change of type of half the primary charge group.
No evidence was found to support the byname inghean Uí Drisceóil as a period form.
The byname inghean Uí Drisceóil was submitted as a feminine form of Ó Drisceóil which is found as a header in Woulfe (p. 507). In this entry, Woulfe dates the Anglicized Irish form O Driscole to temp. Elizabeth I - James I. In general, when Woulfe lists an Anglicized Irish form dated to this period, the Gaelic header form is also appropriate for the same time period. However, Ó Drisceóil turns out to be one of the rare cases where the Gaelic form Woulfe gives as a header is not appropriate for late period. Effric Neyn Ken{gh}ocht Mcherrald explains about headers in the surname section of Woulfe:
Woulfe [...] dates to before the mid-20th century Irish spelling reform. So, for names that can be dated to period, with very few exceptions the spellings given in Woulfe will be the same as standard late period spellings. The exceptions to this are the relatively small number of names where the pronunciation significantly changed (either at the end of period or post-period) but the Gaelic spelling didn't change to reflect the new pronunciation until post-period. (O Drisceoil appears to be such a name.) Generally in these cases Woulfe will include both the period form and more modern form of the name (again, as with O Drisceoil).
Note that this rule does not hold true for the given name section of Woulfe. Many of the names in that section are not found in period.
The name Ó Drisceóil derives from Ó hEidirsceóil, which can be found as an entry in Woulfe on p. 565. Under that entry, he lists two Anglicized Irish forms dated to temp. Elizabeth I - James I: O Hederscoll and O Hidirscoll. Based on the Anglicized Irish forms found in Woulfe (s.nn. Ó Drisceóil, Ó hEidirsceóil) this seems to be one of those cases that Effric describes; where the pronunciation changed by the end of period (which we can see reflected in the Anglicized Irish form O Driscole) but where the Gaelic spelling remains in the older form (Ó hEidirsceóil) during our period.
The feminine byname form of Ó hEidirsceóil is inghean Uí Eidirsceóil. The pronunciation difference between inghean Uí Drisceóil and inghean Uí Eidirsceóil is minor because the initial vowel in Eidirsceóil runs together with Uí. The only other pronunciation change is the placement of the r in the middle of the element. However, the general consensus was that the visual change to the patronym was enough that it constituted a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Therefore, we must return this name.
The submitter may wish to know that the form Aodhamair O Driscole would also be registerable with a single step from period practice for combining Gaelic and Anglicized Irish.
The byname von Atzinger is incorrectly formed. Atzinger is an adjectival form of the German place name Atzing or Atzingen. It means 'person from Atzing(en)' and is not used with the locative preposition von 'of'. If von is used, then the nominative form of the place name, either Atzing or Atzingen, is correct. We would change the name to Arabella_Atzinger, Arabella von Atzingen, or Arabella von Atzing, but the submitter allows no changes.
Her device has been registered under the holding name Arabella of the Flame.
This augmentation is returned for having no contrast with the field, rendering it unidentifiable. While augmentations are allowed to break some of the rules, and adding augmentations may render the underlying armory unidentifiable, the augmentation itself must remain identifiable. Since the augmentation is argent and gules on an argent and gules background, from any distance it is difficult to identify it as an escutcheon. While maintained charges do not necessarily need to have good contrast with the underlying field, they must have some contrast. Though they may obscure other parts of the design, augmentations themselves may not break section VIII.3 of the Rules for Submissions, which requires that "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability."
This augmentation is returned because the submitted base device (the part without the augmentation) does not match the submitter's actual device. There are blazonable differences in the fact that the original cross of lozenges is nowed and that the flowers in the corners are shamrocks set saltirewise, not quatrefoils set saltirewise. While this submission is drawn better, the presence of blazonable differences between this submission and her base device forces us to return the augmentation so that the submitter can choose to match the original emblazon or submit a device change for the base device. The submitter should be aware that the original artwork for her submission is available by contacting Laurel.
Please inform the submitter that, on resubmission, she should present period evidence that an augmentation should be able to break the rule of tincture with respect to the base armory, as that is a practice that has not yet been allowed in the SCA.
The byname von Atzinger is incorrectly formed. Atzinger is an adjectival form of the German place name Atzing or Atzingen. It means 'person from Atzing(en)' and is not used with the locative preposition von 'of'. If von is used, then the nominative form of the place name, either Atzing or Atzingen, is correct. We would change the name to Eldric_Atzinger, Eldric von Atzingen, or Eldric von Atzing, but the submitter allows no changes.
This device is returned because the fox projects slightly over the edges of the cross in several places, a condition called barely overall in the SCA. This has been prohibited for many years.
This armory must be re-designed. If the fox is drawn as a true overall charge, it will have poor contrast with the vert field, and overall charges must have good contrast with the field. If the fox is drawn as a tertiary, entirely on the cross, the submission will be returned because the argent tip of the fox's tail will have no contrast with the cross, hindering identifiability of the fox.
This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Tibor of Rock Valley, Vert, a delf Or, with a single CD for the change of tincture of the delf. It is also a conflict with the device of Timothy of Glastinbury, Azure, a billet argent, with a single CD for the changes to the field. It also conflicts with Timothy's badge, (Fieldless) A billet argent, the only CD being the one for the difference between a fielded and fieldless design.
The crow is not large enough to be considered a co-primary charge, so under our current rules it is maintained and does not count for difference. Therefore, this badge is returned for multiple conflicts, all with a single CD for the difference between a fieldless and a fielded design. The conflicts are: Ireland (important non-SCA arms) Azure, a harp Or stringed argent; Society for Creative Anachronism, Arts, Ministry of, Purpure, an Irish harp Or; and the Kingdom of Meridies' badge for the Companionate of Bards, Vair, a harp Or.
Llygad was documented as a modern form of the name. The period form listed in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names", is Leget. We would change the name to this form in order to register the name. However, changing the language of the element from a modern Welsh form to a medieval Welsh form is a change in language. As a change in language of an element is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, we are forced to return this name.
His device has been registered under the holding name Alan of the Marshes.
This device is returned for unidentifiabilty of the tertiary charges. Most of the commenters were unable to recognize them from their depiction. On resubmission, if the submitter wishes to submit a redraw of this design, please instruct him to draw the leeks larger, to better fill the available space.
This badge is returned because it is not possible to blazon the tincture of the hat in a standard heraldic fashion. Section VII.7.b of the Rules for Submissions says "Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms so that a competent heraldic artist can reproduce the armory solely from the blazon. Elements that cannot be described in such a way that the depiction of the armory will remain consistent may not be used, even if they are identifiable design motifs that were used before 1600."
This device is returned for having more than two types of charge in a group. Unfortunately, under our current rules, the staves are of equal length to the angels, which makes them co-primary charges. Since the primary charge group is composed of angels, staves, and a bear, this design violates section VIII.1.a of the Rules for Submissions, which requires that "three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group."
Please instruct the submitter that per chevron lines of division in period were throughout or nearly so. The per chevron line depicted in this emblazon would very nearly be returnable for blurring the distinction between a per chevron line of division and a point pointed.
No evidence was found to support inghean Uí Drisceóil as a period form.
The byname inghean Uí Drisceóil was submitted as a feminine form of Ó Drisceóil which is found as a header in Woulfe (p. 507). In this entry, Woulfe dates the Anglicized Irish form O Driscole to temp. Elizabeth I - James I. In general, when Woulfe lists an Anglicized Irish form dated to this period, the Gaelic header form is also appropriate for the same time period. However, Ó Drisceóil turns out to be one of the rare cases where the Gaelic form Woulfe gives as a header is not appropriate for late period. Effric Neyn Ken{gh}ocht Mcherrald explains about headers in the surname section of Woulfe:
Woulfe [...] dates to before the mid-20th century Irish spelling reform. So, for names that can be dated to period, with very few exceptions the spellings given in Woulfe will be the same as standard late period spellings. The exceptions to this are the relatively small number of names where the pronunciation significantly changed (either at the end of period or post-period) but the Gaelic spelling didn't change to reflect the new pronunciation until post-period. (O Drisceoil appears to be such a name.) Generally in these cases Woulfe will include both the period form and more modern form of the name (again, as with O Drisceoil).
Note that this rule does not hold true for the given name section of Woulfe. Many of the names in that section are not found in period.
The name Ó Drisceóil derives from Ó hEidirsceóil, which can be found as an entry in Woulfe on p. 565. Under that entry, he lists two Anglicized Irish forms dated to temp. Elizabeth I - James I: O Hederscoll and O Hidirscoll. Based on the Anglicized Irish forms found in Woulfe (s.nn. Ó Drisceóil, Ó hEidirsceóil) this seems to be one of those cases that Effric describes; where the pronunciation changed by the end of period (which we can see reflected in the Anglicized Irish form O Driscole) but where the Gaelic spelling remains in the older form (Ó hEidirsceóil) during our period.
The feminine byname form of Ó hEidirsceóil is inghean Uí Eidirsceóil. The pronunciation difference between inghean Uí Drisceóil and inghean Uí Eidirsceóil is minor because the initial vowel in Eidirsceóil runs together with Uí. The only other pronunciation change is the placement of the r in the middle of the element. However, the general consensus was that the visual change to the patronym was enough that it constituted a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Therefore, we must return this name.
The submitter may wish to know that the form Medhbh O Driscole would also be registerable with a single step from period practice for combining Gaelic and Anglicized Irish. A fully Anglicized Irish form of this name would be Meave O Driscole. (Meave is dated to 1584 in "Names Found in Anglicized Irish Documents" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnglicizedIrish/).
Her device has been registered under the holding name Medhbh of Catteden.
This device is returned for conflict with the device Aengus mac Coll, Vert, a stag's head cabossed argent, orbed and attired of flames proper, resting on its head a chalice Or. There is a single CD for the addition of the oak sprig. The chalice on Aengus' device is a maintained charge and does not count for difference.
Listed on the LoI as Natalia Wohlgemuth, the name was actually submitted as Nataliia Wohlgemuth. Normally, failure to correctly list the submitted name on the LoI is grounds for pending the submission, so that the commenters can address the form of the name that was actually submitted. In this case, however, there are problems with the byname which require the return of this submission.
The LoI documented Wohlgemuth as being dated to 1459 in Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Wo(h)lgemut(h). However, this appears to be an error. This entry dates Wolgemut to 1370, 1392, and 1376. No dates are provided for Wohlgemuth, and no citation is dated to 1459. Bahlow/Gentry (p. 619, s.n. Wohlgemut) dates Wolgemuet to 1356 and Wolgemut to 1370 and 1376.
We would change the name to one of the documented forms above, but the submitter allows no changes. Therefore, we are forced to return this name.
Her device has been registered under the holding name Nataliia of the Flame.
This device is returned for excessive complexity. With four tinctures (Or, vert, argent, sable) and six types of charge (sea unicorn, sword, unicorn, rose, chief, roundel), this submission has a complexity count of ten, which exceeds our rule of thumb limit of eight.
Commenters asked if this appeared to be impaled armory, which violates our ban on marshalling. Precedent says:
However, the chief's use as a brisure was never as widespread as the bordure's: where the bordure would be used to cadence all forms of marshalling, the chief would only be used cadence quartering. In the case of impalement - which implies a marital coat, not an inherited one - the addition of the chief is sufficient to remove the appearance of marshalling. [Æthelstan von Ransbergen, September 1992, A-Ansteorra]
Therefore, this is not marshalled armory.
This device is returned for multiple reasons.
The gules chief lies directly on the sable field, a violation of the Rule of Tincture. Section VIII.2 of the Rules for Submissions requires that "All armory must have sufficient contrast to allow each element of the design to be clearly identifiable at a distance." Gules and sable do not have good contrast, and a chief is required to have good contrast with the field on which it lies.
The complex edge treatment of the fess is not a properly drawn rayonny but appears closer to the long-forbidden wavy-crested.
Finally, it is returned for administrative reasons. The date of submission on the form is in May 2009, but the forms used carry a date of June A.S. XXXII, which is to say, 1996. Since the oldest allowable forms at the time of submission were produced in 2006, this submission should have been redrawn at kingdom onto a new form.
This device is returned for lack of identifiability, a violation of section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." The rapiers strewn on the field are not identifiable, as they are too small. Both commenters and those at the Wreath meeting were divided as to whether these charges were rapiers, drop spindles, or needles.
This name is being returned for lack of documentation of Kitsune as a given name used by humans in period.
Kitsune was submitted as the name of a Japanese mythical literary character in "Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition". However, no evidence was found that this character is human. Siren explains:
There are two stories in this account regarding people named <Kitsune>. However, both are connected (one clearly in the story, the other by the editor) to the mythological fox/human people today known as kitsune. No evidence is presented in the book or elsewhere that I have seen to suggest that <Kitsune> was used as a given name in other contexts.
Lacking evidence for Kitsune being used as the name of real people, or of ordinary humans in literature, the use of this element violates RfS VI.2 Names Claiming Powers, which says "Names containing elements that allude to powers that the submitter does not possess are considered presumptuous. Society names may not claim divine descent, superhuman abilities, or other powers that the submitter does not actually possess. Such claims include [...] given names that were never used by humans, like the names of some Giants or Dwarves in Norse mythology."
If the submitter is interested in a similar sounding given name, we recommend Kitsume, which is dated to 793 in Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, 2nd. ed., p. 376.
We would change the given name to Kitsume in order to register this name, but the submitter does not allow any changes.
This device is returned for conflict with the badge of John of the Pines, Argent, a cloud within a bordure sable. There is a single CD for changing the number of primaries by adding the crescent. The roundel is a maintained charge, worth no heraldic difference.
This device is returned for using three types of charge in a single group. On the Cover Letter to the March 2009 LoAR, it was ruled that when a charge within an annulet is not alone on the field, they are considered part of the same group. Therefore, the primary charge group in this submission consists of three types of charge: leaf, mullet, and annulet. This is a violation of section VIII.1.a of the Rules for Submissions, which states that "three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group."
This badge is returned for multiple conflicts.
It is returned for conflict with the device of Anne of the White Tower, Sable, a tower argent, and the device of Stanford of Sheffield, Per fess and per pale dovetailed argent and azure, in sinister chief a tower argent. In each case, there is a single CD for the field. The position of Stanford's tower is forced.
It is also returned for conflict with the device of Guillaume di San Marino, Pean, a tower argent, issuant from its battlements two plumes pendant to base argent. There is a CD for the field, but nothing for the plumes, which are maintained charges.
It is returned for conflict with a badge of Dreiburgen, Argent, on a pile inverted throughout azure a tower argent. There is a single CD for the change of field, since current interpretation is that a pile inverted should also be considered for conflict as a per chevron field.
In addition, precedent says:
Edwin FitzLloyd: Ermine, chaussé raguly vert, a tower gules. There is a CD for the field, but nothing for type between a tower and a castle. This was originally blazoned as a single-arched bridge, but as drawn this is far closer to a castle than a bridge. [Olaf Wulfbrandt, LoAR 08/2004, Atlantia-R]
Therefore, this is also returned for conflict with the device of Thomas of Dinbych. Per fess embattled gules, and argent masoned sable, in chief a castle triple-towered argent, with a single CD for the field.
This badge is not in conflict with the badge of William fitzBubba, Sable, a chess rook argent, and the device of Salaamallah the Corpulent, Tierced in pall sable, gules and vert, a chess rook argent. Towers and chess rooks are substantially different and the designs are, therefore, clear under section X.2 of the Rules for Submissions.
Commenters asked if this badge was in conflict with the badge of Carlos Juan Ramiro, (Fieldless) A zule argent. Zules are, according to the Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry, stylized columns. Since this is being returned for other conflicts, we will not rule on whether there is difference between a tower and a zule at this time.
This name combines a Gaelic feminine given name with a Gaelic masculine byname. In Gaelic, bynames must agree in gender with the given name, since bynames were used literally in Gaelic during our period.
The appropriate feminine form of Ó Siodhacháin is inghean Uí Shiodhacháin. We would change the byname to this form, but the submitter does not allow major changes, and the change from Ó to inghean Uí is a major change.
Her device has been registered under the holding name Bebhinn of Darkwater.
Berel was documented as the name of two minor characters (one male, one female) in Thomas Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur. Precedent concerning the use of names documented from Arthuriana says:
Argus was documented from Y Saint Greal, the Welsh version of the Grail story, as the name of another son of Elaine, the mother of Galahad. The registerability of names from literary works was discussed in the Cover Letter with the February 1999 LoAR. Among the points it outlined was:
4. And this is subjective - minor characters from minor works may or may not be acceptable. Especially if they do not fit the naming patterns of the time period. (Jaelle of Armida, CL with the February 1999 LoAR, p. 2)
While the Arthurian tales are certainly significant, it is important to note that the character of Argus has only been documented as appearing in the Welsh version. As such, he is even less significant than minor characters who appear in multiple versions of the tales. Given this single reference to this character, he is not significant enough to be registerable under the literary name guidelines, especially combined with the fact that the characters named Argus from Greek legend (neither of whom are human) were certainly much more widely known in period as well as today. [Argus Caradoc, 03/2002, R-Meridies]
The commenters were unable to find any references to Berel outside of Malory. As such, the significance of these two characters is on a par with Argus in the quoted precedent; they are not significant enough for their name to be registered via the literary names allowance.
Juetta Copin provided information about a similar sounding given name:
The Jewish name <Berel> seems to have come into use only at the very end of our period. The earliest example in Beider's A Dictionary of Ashkenazic Given Names (p. 288) is for the spelling <Berle>, which is found in a German source in 1589.
Since the submitter cares most about the sound of the name, he may wish to consider Berle.
The byname San Michel was purportedly documented from Morlet, Dictionnaire Étymologique de Noms de Famille, s.n. Saint Michel, but this entry does not discuss San Michel. San Michel is an Iberian form of the byname; the French form is Saint Michel or Saint-Michel, as evidenced by the byname de Saint-Michel dated to 1548 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Late Period French Surnames (used by women)". Berle Luc de Saint Michel or Berle Luc de Saint-Michel would be registerable with one step from period practice, for combining German and French. However, since the submitter does not allow major changes, such as changing the language of an element, we cannot change the name to either of these forms.
His device has been registered under the holding name Michael Luc of Darkwater.
This household name is being returned for a number of issues.
As submitted, this name combined a scribal abbreviation (XXIII), with Latin (Hastati) and with Middle English (Gard).
As we do not register scribal abbreviations, the form XXIII is not registerable. The form Vicesima Tertia, the Latin for 23rd, would be allowed.
RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. In this case, the structure of the submitted household name results in a single name phrase. While we allow designators for household names to be rendered in the common modern English form, that allowance does not permit a designator to be rendered in Middle English in combination with a Latin element elsewhere in the household name.
An additional problem is that gard is not a reasonable translation of any Latin word that we would use as a designator for a household based on a Roman military unit.
The model for this name construction given in the LoI was a "military unit", but no examples of military unit names from period were provided in the LoI. The closest model found by the commenters for this type of name is a naming pattern for a Roman legion or smaller military unit. However, there are issues with this name when compared to that model. Metron Ariston explains:
There are a couple of points that need to be made concerning the Roman legionary nomenclature.
The first is that the XXIII here represents a scribal abbreviation for the ordinal number that actually would have been used with the name of a legion or other military unit. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, if we substituted Legio for the gard that creates a linguistic mix in the phrase, then this should be Legio Vicesima Tertia (as legio is feminine).
Likewise, the term hastatus is adjectival in usage and would need to agree in gender and case with legio if one follows the classical examples for legionary cognomina.
In form hastatus is a perfect passive participle from the verb hastare and both hastare and hastatus appear not only in medieval Latin (cf. Ducange online at http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/2010/src/H.xml) but also in the classical period (Lewis and Short, Latin Dictionary, p. 842). Hastatus technically means "armed with a spear" and the term hastati is used as a substantive equivalent to homines hastati, i.e., "men armed with a spear". To use it with the feminine legio, you need to modify it to the feminine nominative singular hastata.
This would give something like Legio Vicenima Tertia Hastata.
Note that that would be grammatically correct and would follow the pattern for Latin legionary names where a cognomen was in use, but the likelihood of that name would be vanishingly low since the hastati were only a small part of the typical legion and, as far as I can determine, no legion was named for only a minority portion of their fighting force.
The last point brought up by Metron Ariston is also a reason for return. Lacking evidence that a legion was named for only a minority portion of their fighting force, the submitted name, even changed to Legio Vicenima Tertia Hastata, does not follow a documented pattern "of period names of organized groups of people" as required by RfS III.2.b.iv Household Names.
If this name could be justified as the Latin name of a Roman military unit, this name could be registerable using the designator Legio. As we prohibit registration of Ordo as the designator in a household name (see the Cover Letter to this LoAR), we will allow Legio or another suitable term to be used in place of Ordo in household names based on that model.
This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Angela of the Meadows, Vert, on a sun Or three roses in chevron gules, slipped and leaved vert. There is a CD for fieldlessness, but there is not another CD for the change of only the type of the tertiary charges. A sun is not a suitable charge for purposes of X.4.j.ii.
The name and device were withdrawn by the submitter.
This badge was withdrawn by the submitter.
This device is returned for using two different complex treatments of the same charge in the same design. The top fess is indented, the bottom fess is dancetty. The difference is that indented gets wider and narrower over its length, while dancetty appears to be a single-width stripe with bends in it. This is against precedent:
[returning a chevronel rompu and another fracted Or] It was the consensus of the commenters and those attending the Laurel meeting that two different treatments should not be used on a group of identical charges. Johann Dähnhardt von Kniprode, July 1995, R-Ansteorra]
This device is returned because the scarpes are too thin. Blazoned on the LoI as A bend sinister voided, this would be equivalent to Azure, a bend sinister azure fimbriated. Since ordinaries of the same tincture as the field are disallowed by precedent, this must be interpreted as being two scarpes. Under that interpretation, the scarpes are far too thin for us to register. On resubmission, please draw them at least three times as wide.
This name is returned for lack of documentation for the byname Van Hahn. The LoI asserted that Hahn was dated to 1437 in Bahlow, A Dictionary of German Names, p. 311, but this is not the case. The documented forms found in Bahlow, s.n. Hahn, are zem Hane 1437 and Hane 1280, 1367. (zem is a contraction for zu dem 'at/to the'.) Brechenmacher s.n. Hahn dates Joh. vom Han to 1493. (vom is a contraction for von dem 'of the'.) The origin of this byname is a house name, deriving from the word hane 'rooster'. The element -hahn 'swamp, bog' also appears as a deuterotheme in compound place names, but the entry in Bahlow does not support the use of Hahn as a standalone place name. We would change the name to Lothar zem Hane, Lothar vom Hahn, or Lothar Hane, to use one of the documented bynames, but the submitter does not allow major changes.
There were also problems with the documentation for the given name. The LoI documented Lothar from Bahlow, p. 184, but in fact Bahlow gives no dated examples of Lothar. Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #2976 says of this name:
We found your name recorded in two Latin forms around your period [1]:
<Lotharius> 7th C., 888, 973, 1122
<Lotherius> 887, ca.1000
The Latinized forms <Lotharius> and <Lotherius> represented the vernacular (spoken) forms <Lothar> and <Lother>.
[1] Morlet, Marie-Therese, Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siecle, three volumes (Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1968, 1972, 1985), I:133a.
On the basis of this information, Lothar is registerable in the context of 8th-12th C France.
This device is returned for lack of identifiability. The combination of the heavily pixelated art and the strewn triskeles confuses the outlines of the primary charges, rendering them unidentifiable. This is a violation of section VIII.3 of the Rules for Submissions, which says "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability."
The similarity between the griffin and the sea-griffin, as depicted in this emblazon, contributes to the overall lack of identifiability. While it may be possible to draw a griffin and a sea-griffin so that it is immediately possible to tell them apart, this emblazon does not succeed.
This is returned for lack of documentation that Onomastos Herald meets the requirements of RfS III.2.b.iii, which says that "Heraldic titles must follow the patterns of period heraldic titles". Onomastos was documented as a Greek given name, but no evidence was provided that heraldic titles were ever derived from personal names. Additionally, no evidence was provided that the element Onomastos was used in a culture that created heraldic titles. A previous return of a similarly-constructed heraldic title says:
The LoI documented this heraldic title as following the pattern <Surname> + Herald, noting that Chrysostom was the byname of a saint who died in 407 and a sophist and rhetorician who died in 115. However, as with household name patterns, the patterns for heraldic titles that are discussed in Juliana de Luna's article cited on the LoI, "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Overview", are patterns that are used in specific places and specific times, and one needs to demonstrate that both the elements and the pattern can be found in the same culture. Siren explains the problems with the current submission:
The name <Chrysostomos> (the Greek form) is not unique; it was used for other orators. However, no evidence has been presented, and I haven't found any, that this element would have been used in a culture that created heraldic titles, let alone in one that created them from family names (that's England and France).
We would need evidence for Chrysostom being used as a family name in England or France before this heraldic title could be registered on the basis of the pattern <Surname> + Herald. [Giles Hill of Sweetwater, LoAR 09/2009, Caid-R]
The same issues are present in the current submission.
This name is returned for lack of documentation for the given name Yama'neko. Metron Ariston explains the problem with the construction, citing from Solveig Throndardottir's Name Construction in Mediaeval Japan (NCMJ):
Yama itself does not appear on the cited page, but on page 387 it appears as part of the historical feminine name Yamabukime which is dated to 1572 in the Muromachi period and is glossed as "Yellow Rose Tree" which again does not tie to the desired meaning ['mountain cat'].
Kaneko appears as a historical feminine name on page 376 dated to 1147 in the Heian era. Not Moneko but Muneko appears in two different forms on page 379, one from 1147 in the Heian era and the other from 1332 in the Kamakura era. Neko by itself appears as a feminine name on page 380 dated to 1392 in the Nanboku era.
Note that none of these has an infixed apostrophe as does the submitted form and no clear evidence was provided for the formation of a name, feminine or masculine, from the combination of yama and neko with or without the desired meaning.
Moreover, neko does not show at all as a phonetic element in the thematic dictionary, while kane, ne and mune do. This leads me to believe that Kaneko, Neko and Muneko are simply those thematic elements to which has been appended the -ko which is so common on Japanese feminine names. (For a discussion of the formation of feminine names and the use of the -ko suffix see Nostrand, op. cit., pp. 46 ff.)
Examining the Kanji forms of the names cited by Metron Ariston from NCMJ, she is correct. In each of the instances of Neko, Muneko, and Ka'neko, the Kanji forms show the Kanji character that is rendered in Romaji as ko appended to another character.
Without evidence that Neko is an element that can be combined in a compound name, with or without the apostrophe, neither Yamaneko nor Yama'neko is registerable.
Her device has been registered under the holding name Janet of Amurgorod.
None.
- Explicit littera renuntiationum -
The submitter requested authenticity for "English in Ireland c. 1200", but this authenticity request was not noted on the LoI. We are pending the name to allow the College to address its authenticity.
The documentation for the name was not adequately summarized on the LoI. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, this would also have been grounds by itself for pending or returning the name.
The LoI originally provided the following information:
Client would like to see someone document Irish town of New Ross. We believe it can be done, but material here only allowed us to "construct" New Ross.
Withycombe 3rd Ed. pg. 165, Header: Ismay.
Ekwall, Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names 4th Ed., pg.292-3, Header: Ross.
New Ross according to client is an Irish town founded by the Normans about the time of Richard Strongbow--it probably could be documented online but we don't have it here. Hence we call it "constructed" adding New as in B Kivall 4th Ed. p.340 New Forest (1104), New Lew [Newelod 1241] New Market (1418).
Her device and badge have been registered under the holding name Ysmay of Alderford.
This was item 31 on the Middle letter of October 30, 2009.
- Explicit -
Created at 2010-06-21T22:23:25