APPROVALS 1 28 December XXI (1986)

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE APPROVED:

Kingdom of Ansteorra

Adelaide Walcheman. Name and device. Azure, a peacock's head couped Or.

Aelis d'Argent. Name and device. Per bend azure and argent, a bend between a roundel and four mullets in bend counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Aelis d'Argente. The masculine noun for silver in French is "argent", the adjective form for silvery is "argente". She may be Aelis Argente or Aelis d'Argent. We have used the form closer in sound to the submitted form.

Aeruin ni hearain o Chonnemara. Device. Per chevron inverted sable and vert, a grey heron displayed argent, beaked and membered Or, and in chief a compass star gules, fimbriated argent.

This converts her badge, registered in November, 1985, to a device.

Alanna of Ravenwood. Badge (see RETURNS for device). Argent, fretty, a raven volant to sinister sable.

Alanna of Ravenwood and Sean de Carew. Joint badge. Per bend sinister argent, fretty sable, and sable, in bend a raven volant and a lightning flash bendwise sinister surmounted by a turtle tergiant palewise argent.

The lower portion of the badge is derived directly from the device of Sean de Carew, passed prior to the current ban on natural lightning flashes, and so we felt it should be covered by the "Grandfather Clause".

Aldonza Pandora. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name and device). A serpent, nowed in a Stafford knot, gules.

Since no branch name was indicated on the forms, we have formed the holding name using the "alias" listed on the name documentation.

Alexander MacAonghais. Name only.

Although the patronymic was given on the letter of intent as "MacAongais", the forms used the correct form of "MacAonghais".

Angelique de La Croix. Name and device. Per bend azure and argent, a Latin cross voided and counterchanged.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Augmentation for Dukes. On a canton Or, in pale a crown of three points and a mullet of five greater and five lesser points sable.

Note: since this augmentation was stated in the letter of intent to have been granted by the Crown to all dukes, it should be registered to the Kingdom for that purpose, rather than to the four individuals currently covered by the royal decree.

Arenvald Kief av Kiersted. Name only.

The gentle's appeal of the return of Kief av Kiersted (on the grounds that Kief was a documented place name and had not been documented as a given name) consisted solely of a Xerox of the same page from Arthur's Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names that had been submitted with the original submission, pointing out that tile name of the volume implies that it contains given names as well as surnames. However, the preface to Arthur's work, provided with the original submission, indicates that the intended scope of the work is "the origin and import of Family Names" and specifically defines it as a "Dictionary . . . embracing surnames derived from the English, Saxon, Dutch, Danish, German, Welsh, Gaelic (Celtic), Cornish­British ' and other languages". Additionally, even if it were allowed that the listing for Kief demonstrates its use as a given name, it contains no evidence that the name was so used in period, which is required under our rules since Kief is a known place name. However, since Kief is clearly acceptable as a family name, we have followed the submittor's request and prefaced the submitted name with the documented Old German given name Arenvald to produce an acceptable Society name.

Ariana ferch Medwyn. Name change from Ariana Zsigmondy and badge. Argent, a wolf's head erased sable, breathing flames, within a bordure of flame proper.

There is a precedent in Society usage for the unusual bordure with the device of Damon of the Lake That Flames ("Azure, a bordure of flame proper.")

Baldavin Thorfinnsson. Name only.

The name was submitted as Balvin Thorfinnsson with the statement that the elements are given in An Introduction to Old Norse as meaning "fire friend". Unfortunately, no Xeroxes of the documentation were provided to confirm these elements as valid name elements in Old Norse. Old Norse does not randomly take particles of words and unite them to form names: the treasury of name­forming elements is limited, as it is in Old German and Old English. Additionally, the suggestion that "Balvin" would be an acceptable variant for "Baldwin" is not linguistically valid since all the variants we could find retain the "d". Rather than return the submission as a whole, we have substituted the Old German name form Baldavin which is very close in sound.

Bjorn Tannasson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Since he indicated on his forms that he wished Old Norse and permitted spelling corrections, we have changed the patronymic to the proper form: masculine names ending in "­i", such as Tanni, generally form their possessive in the patronymic by dropping the "i" and adding the suffix "­as".

Black Lake, Shire of. Device. Per pale Or and sable, a tower gules between in pile two tilting spears, pennons outwards, counterchanged, overall a laurel wreath vert.

Blayne atte Wood the Juggler. Name change from Blayne the Juggler.

Bronwen Lorelle. Name only.

Cassandra Louise Marchand. Name only.

Catherine Blackrose. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Catherine Marie Elisabeth d'Evreux. Name change from Catherine Marie de Lille.

Although the letter of intent spelled the place name "Evraux", the forms used the proper spelling of "Evreux".

Ceol Hardfellow. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Cerelia de Lacy of Sherbourne. Badge. Purpure, on a heart argent, a cross moline purpure.

Cliodhna ni Bhriain. Badge. Per fess indented crusily vert and argent.

Colin Oisin Donovan Ui Neill. Device. Vert, a stag's head erased Or and on a chief embattled argent three caltrops sable.

Dafydd ap Rhys. Name and device. Gules, on a fess between two open books and a harp Or, three equal armed Celtic crosses sable.

Daniel Blackaxe. Badge for House Wolfstar. Sable, a wolf's head caboshed Or within an orle of eight compass stars argent.

Eldred Talen Godwinsson. Badge. Per saltire vert and Or, four mullets of four

counterchanged.

Since only one major point of difference is required between Society badges, this is clear of the badge of Morgan Sheridan ("Or, four mullets in cross vert.").

Emrys Miles. Name and device. Per bend vert and argent, a crescent and a two­headed serpent wavy erect, heads respectant, counterchanged.

Estrill Swet. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Eveline Leighton of Mayhall. Device. Vert, a saltire parted and fretted between four sprigs of ivy Or.

Fergus Thorkell. Name only.

Gairovald Eburhard. Name only.

Galen Litelpage of Redore. Device. Argent, masoned sable, an arched door gules, banded and handled azure.

Gerbold Asbjorn. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Hamlin du Soleil Levant. Name and device. Per fess vert and argent, a demi­sun Or and a two­towered castle gules.

The letter of intent had the name with the incorrect spelling "Soliel" and the submittor indicated that no changes were to the name were acceptable. However, since the name is spelled with both "Soleil" and "Soliel" at different places on the forms, we felt that it should be permissible to spell the name properly rather than be compelled to return the submission as a whole.

Hector Phillip Martel. Device. Gules, two halberds in pile, between their blades a tower, argent, overall a chevron, all within a bordure Or.

Isleif Brimstone. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Karina des Pensees Pures. Name only.

Her mundane given name is Karina. As her paperwork permitted, we have modified the byname from "aux Pensees Pures" to give the meaning she clearly wishes "of the Pure Thoughts".

Karolus of Palehorn. Name and device. Argent, a pair of bat's wings sable, surmounted by a unicorn's head affronty, erased at the shoulders, gules.

Kayla Estelle Lemee. Name only.

The given name was submitted as Cayla, the documentation being Kaganoff's Dictionary of Jewish Names and Their History. However, as Yiddish is ultimately derived from German, the name forms follow German spelling conventions and thus names in a hard "c" are generally spelled with a "k" in Yiddish. Therefore, we have modified the spelling to that actually documented in Kaganoff: "Kayla".

Kendrick de Fraser. Name and device. Per fess engrailed argent and purpure, a demi­unicorn sable issuant from the line of division.

Keridwen Bowen. Device. Per bend sinister wavy azure and bendy sinister wavy Or and azure, in dexter chief a mullet of six points argent.

Layla of Shadowwoods. Change of device. Per pale argent and purpure, a chevron cotised counterchanged.

Her previous device ("Per pale argent and sable, a bar dancetty enhanced between an estoile of eight points and a unicorn and a seahorse combattant, all counterchanged.") is released.

Leopold der Schwarzenschwann von Koenigs See. Device. Argent, three swans naiant to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, sable, within a bordure vert.

Maeve MacMaolain. Name and device. Purpure, a stag courant to sinister and on a chief argent two thistles, slipped and leaved, proper.

The family name was given as MacMhaolain in the letter of intent. Following the forms given in MacLysaght's Surnames of Ireland, we have corrected this to MacMaolain.

Michael of Oland. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Northkeep, Shire of. Badge. Argent, a tower sable within a mullet of five greater and five lesser points voided gules.

Oliver de Leon de Oro. Badge. Sable, in pale a demi­sun and a chevron Or.

Philomeena of Morningscourt. Badge. Gules, a tower within a bordure rayonny argent.

Rafael Diego de Burgos. Badge. Purpure, a mullet dismembered argent.

Simon de l'Est. Name and device. Quarterly azure and gules, a wyvern displayed, wings inverted, between in chief two Latin crosses, all within a bordure argent.

Ulfr Thorgrimsson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Kingdom of An Tir

Bernard di Forano. Blazon correction. Per bend sinister vert and argent, three escallops, two and one, Or and two palmer's staves in saltire sable.

Geoffrey of Salisbury. Name only.

His name was passed at the September Laurel meeting, but was inadvertently omitted from the letter for that meeting.

Iagoba Garsez Otsueskua. Name only.

At the September, 1986, meeting this submission was placed in the pending file to await the results of research into the proper form of Basque names requested from a correspondent at the University of London. Since three months have passed with no adequate response to that request, fairness to the submittor demands that action be taken. Note that acceptance of this name should be taken as a special case, establishing no precedent for the formation of Basque names submitted in the future.

Rollo Brassnose. Name correction.

On the November letter this was listed as Rollo Brasenose, using the more common form of the epithet. Internal audit whilst filing uncovered the error.

Three Mountains, Barony of. Blazon correction for Order of the Crystal Rainbow. Per fess indented of three azure and argent, in chief a rainbow proper.

Wulfhere the Capacious. Name correction.

When his name and device were registered in November the "f" inadvertently dropped from his name.

Kingdom of Atenveldt

Drogo Baillehache. Name only.

Francis Strider Shieldbane. Name correction.

When the name was registered in November, the "n" dropped out from the given name.

Ian of Silver Keep. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name). Per fess argent and sable, in pale a bicorporate lion rampant and another inverted counterchanged.

Margaret Blakesley. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Mark of Gilnockie. Name and device. Per bend Or and sable, a unicorn's head, couped and sinister facing, between three mullets, all counterchanged.

As Habicht noted, Gilnockie is one of the strongholds of the Armstrongs. This is the sort of allusion to one's mundane heritage that is perfectly licit and should be encouraged (the gentle's mundane family name is Armstrong).

One Thousand Eyes, Shire of. Name only.

Almost without exception the commenting heralds felt this name was non­period in style. However, it is the sort of name which is not at all uncommon in the fantastic literature, period and modern, which also forms a background to our Society and therefore seems legitimate, if the populace of this group are prepared for the humorous jibes that will inevitably come their way.

Pawel of Gdausk. Name only.

Rachel Ashton. Name only (see PENDING for device).

Theodoric van Rijn. Name only.

Thomas de Bohun. Badge. Per bend sinister wavy argent and sable, a clenched sinister gauntlet counterchanged within a bordure gules.

Tristan Gryphonroke. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Vivian Leonna d'Arcy. Name only.

Kingdom of Atlantia

Alfea of Arindale. Name only.

Axel of Taavistia. Badge for House Taivassalama. Sable, a pile dovetailed Or within a bordure argent.

The household name is formed from a noun + noun combination, which is common in Finnish and perfectly acceptable. However, all our sources showed all the combined forms involving "taivas" (sky) retaining the "i" of the noun stem in the combined form so we have modified the submitted spelling (Tavassalama) to reflect this. We would welcome documentation to the contrary.

Catherine Adrienne de Steele. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Clare de Crecy. Name and device. Per chevron azure, fretty Or, and vert, in base three plates, one and two.

Felicia Catriona Morgan. Name and device. Vert, a mermaid in her vanity argent, crined and scaled, and on a chief wavy Or three thistles, slipped and leaved, proper.

Helene du Chateau Montargent. Name and device. Per fess argent and azure, three fleurs­de­lys, one and two, and a mountain couped counterchanged.

James Christian. Name only.

John of Fordington. Change of device. Azure, a mascle Or and on a chief argent two water bougets sable.

His old device ("Ermine, a lion sejant affronty erect, forelegs displayed, per pale azure and Or, the head counterchanged, within a bordure engrailed azure") becomes a badge under the designation of Sean of Bedford (his former Society name).

Jonathan Ryder. Blazon correction. Tierced per pall inverted sable, Or and gules, mulletty Or, in chief two A frame plumblines in fess counterchanged.

Maud Milbourne. Name only.

Nicholas Landsman. Name and device. Azure, on a fess between three billets fesswise argent, an arrow, point to sinister, azure.

Ranulf FitzOsbern. Name and device. Per chevron dovetailed Or and gules, in chief two lions salient combattant and in base an open book counterchanged.

Rhiannon Christian. Name only.

Stefan of Cambion. Name and device. Erminois, a key fesswise, wards to sinister, vert.

This is nice cant (his mundane name is Kiefert), but the key should be drawn in the center of the shield, not enhanced as it was on the emblazon.

Theodora Quennell. Name and device. Purpure, on a pile indented argent, a pomegranate purpure, seeded argent.

Many commentors noted a potential conflict with Julian of the Purple Mist ("Purpure, on a pile argent, two sprigs of laurel proper.") This is the perfect example of a case where the allowance of a full major point of difference for tertiaries made in DR10 should come into play. In both cases the field, the tincture of the charge and the ordinary (a pile) are identical. There is a clear major for the indenting of the pile here. A major point of difference can be allowed for the tertiaries not only because the differences between the tertiaries are not only striking in degree but also because the tertiaries lie at the visual center of the field of the shield with virtually no visual distractions on the periphery. The same changes placed on a secondary charge (for example, a chief) would not attract the eye with nearly the same force.

Winifred Corbeaunoir. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Kingdom of Caid

Arthur FitzGerald of Salisbury. Name only.

Christina Ebenstein. Name and device. Argent, a bend engrailed vert, cotised plain, between a phoenix azure, rising from flames vert and Or, and an oak sprig bendwise vert.

Donwenna Beast Healer of Hawkhaven. Name and device. Sable, a chevron inverted ermine between in chief three mullets, two and one, and in base a decrescent argent.

Jihan um Omar. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Joseph of the Angels. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, two comets in annulo, heads in fess, argent.

Joseph of the Angels. Badge for Household of the Voyagers. A longship and in chief a comet azure.

Katherine Brianna Coldrake Kyven. Change of device. Argent, three demi­horses rampant to sinister purpure.

Her present device ("Per chevron sable and purpure, in chief issuant from the line of division a demi­sun, and in base a natural sea­horse erect to sinister argent.") becomes a badge.

Renee of Dragonskeep. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Wilhelm Roderick FitzLovel. Blazon correction. On a mullet of sixteen points voided, a lion rampant Or.

On the November letter, the beast on his badge was incorrectly noted as a wolf.

Kingdom of the Middle

Alixia Aurora Airielle. Badge for Household of the Golden Griffin. Azure, mulletty argent, a griffin passant to sinister Or.

This was pended on the November letter until paperwork was provided. Dragon having forwarded the forms, action on the submission can be completed.

Duncan MacEwan. Blazon correction. Per chevron sable and Or, two pegasi combattant Or, winged argent and incensed gules, and a tree eradicated vert.

Stefania di Roma. Blazon correction. Per saltire purpure and argent, a mullet counterchanged between two cinquefoils, slipped and leaved, sable.

The November letter inadvertently made the cinquefoils purpure. (Parenthetical note: those of you who encountered my errata sheets as Brigantia will recall that my current word processor occasionally decides it does not like "sable"; hopefully, the new one will not share this quirk!)

Thrain Broberg and Thorhalla Karlsdottir Broberg. Joint badge (see RETURNS for household name). Per chevron azure and argent, in chief a bridge Or, masoned sable.

This was placed in the pending file in November for lack of forms. Dragon has remedied this omission.

Zenon of Gray Tower. Name correction.

On the November letter this appeared with the British spelling:"Grey".

Kingdom of Trimaris

Adalheid of Oak Leah. Device. Per saltire gules and azure, a wolf statant ululant between two acorns in pale Or.

Alaric Valdemar Whitewolf. Device. Sable, a patriarchal cross Or between three wolf's heads erased argent.

The submittor indicated a preference for wolf's heads proper rather than argent. Unfortunately, since the breed of wolf specified (the Alaskan tundra wolf), like all breeds which change coloration with the season, varies in tincture widely, there is no way of telling what "proper" should be. Therefore, we have blazoned the heads, as they were drawn on the emblazon, simply as "wolf's heads argent", which will retain the cant on his byname.

Alaric Valdemar Whitewolf. Badge. Sable, a patriarchal cross Or surmounted by a wolf's head erased argent.

Since only a single major point is required between Society badges, this is clear of the famous badge of William of Houghton ("Sable, a grey wolf's head erased proper.")

Adriana Maria Presley. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Aislinn Columba of Carlisle. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ardgal ap Morgan O'Brollachain. Name and device. Purpure, a saltire vert, fimbriated, between four equal­armed Celtic crosses Or.

The submitted given name was, by the submittor's own documentation, a diminutive of the Irish name Ardgal and we could find no documentation for the use of this diminutive as a separate given name in period as required by NR9.

Corwin ap Arawyn. Name and device. Argent, goutte de sang, three mullets of six straight and six wavy points and a chief wavy sable.

The byname on the forms (and used by the submittor as consulting herald on several other devices on this letter) is Arawyn, quite a different name from Arawn, shown on the letter of intent, which many commentors correctly pointed out as the name of the lord of the underworld in the Mabinogion and therefore not licit for use in the Society.

Donnchadh Farris. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and sable, on a cross crosslet fitchy argent, a mullet of eight points gules between four horseshoes in cross, open ends to center, azure.

As Farris is the Anglicized version of the name, used only as a last name so far as our sources show, the use the of the Irish patronymic particle seemed inappropriate and so has been dropped.

Donnchad O'Gradaigh. Name and device. Or, on a pale between two roses azure, two winged lions rampant Or.

The name was submitted as "Donncad Ui Grada". However, the "c" in the given name, by the Irish spelling provided in the letter of intent, is aspirated and thus spelled as "Dounchad" in the Roman alphabet. "Ut" is the plural form of the patronymic particle and is used to refer to a clan as a whole. Finally the patronymic requires a genitive form. Therefore, we have used the usual Irish form (O'Gradaigh) for the meaning he indicated he desired.

Erik Loreu Eleara. Name Correction.

Current armorial records show his device and one badge under the name of Erik Loren Alcara and another badge under the name Erik Loren Elcara. All items should appear under the form in "E".

Erika Bjarnsdottir. Device. Per bend azure, mulletty Or, and azure, a bend invested and in dexter base a bear passant bendwise Or.

She must draw upper portion of the field properly as mulletty, i.e. more evenly distributed. As drawn now, the design looks more like an attempt to depict a constellation (Ursa Major and Minor?) which is not permitted as a charge in Society heraldry.

Fara Steinhauser. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Genevieve Fehrmann. Name and device. Vairy Or and azure, on a cross formy quadrate throughout gules, a tortoise tergiant palewise Or.

Since the preposition "von" is not used in German with an occupational name such as Fehrmann, it has been dropped.

Geoffrey Allyn Dawnstar. Device. Vert, on a pile inverted bendwise sinister throughout gules, fimbriated, a mullet of seven points argent.

Gleaun Dubh, Shire of. Name and device. Sable, a cross parted and fretted Or between in chief a thistle and a winged demi­unicorn, in base a laurel wreath overall argent.

The name was submitted as Gleann Dhubh. However, since "gleann" is a masculine noun, the adjective which follows should not be aspirated.

Gwendolyn Mary Douglas. Name only.

Jean Philippe Duvier. Name and device. Sable, an eagle volant, wings elevated and addorsed, maintaining in its talons sword fesswise reversed, on a chief embattled Or, five fleurs­de­lys azure.

Please ask the submittor to draw the bird larger, as befits its status as the primary charge, and not to truncate any of the fleurs­de­lys on the edges of the chief.

Katherine Angelique d'Artois de Berry. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Lassair of Waterford. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and vert, two roundels, each within an annulet, all counterchanged.

Martha Elcara. Name and device. Azure, a blonde baby sejant erect to sinister, legs crossed, proper.

Michelle du Roc Rouge. Name only.

Nakagawa no Ienobu. Device. Sable, a kuwagata helm crest and in chief a fan inverted of five bamboo leaves within a hexagon voided argent.

Ragnarr Hardraada. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Note that in his listing of bynames Geirr Bassi shows "hardraada" in its Old Norse spelling as merely meaning "stern" or "severe" which seems to be the generic sort of epithet which should not be limited because of its use as a byname by a famous ruler (i.e., Harold Hardraada). One touchstone for the uniqueness of a byname is whether it is used by itself, in period or in modern histories, to refer to the individual it describes (e.g., in medieval and modern literature Richard I of England is sometimes called simply "the Lionheart"). We could find no examples in the period or modern texts at our command where King Harold was referred to simply as "Hardraada".

Raseem al­Mujahed. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The byname "Lellah", given as meaning "in God's name", apparently was not used in period Arabic nomenclature and might indeed be considered offensive by devout Moslems. If he wishes to include the name of Allah in his name, it is suggested he use one of the standard names indicating a servant of Allah, for example Raseem Abdullah al­Mujahed.

Roland Wolfram Floyd. Name and device. Purpure, on a bend sable, fimbriated, between a unicorn's head couped and a heart three roses argent.

The family name was submitted as Floydsson. However, Floyd is an English mispronunciation of the Welsh family name Lloyd and thus is inappropriate for use in such a patronymic.

Sine Immey. Name only (see PENDING for device).

By the documentation provided in the letter of intent "Immey" is itself a patronymic derived family name and so it is inappropriate to precede it by the patronymic particle. Therefore, we have modified the submitted form Sine nic Immey to Sine Immey.

Takashita Katsuyoshi. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Thorkel Tryggvason. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Victor Hildebrand von Koln. Name and device. Ermine, on a bend sinister between two foxes' heads erased azure, four mullets pierced argent.

Wulfgar of Gleann Dubh. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, five pheons conjoined, points outward, between three wavy­bladed daggers in pall, points to center, proper, all between two gores Or.

Kingdom of the West

Alexander of Iffhaven. Device. Or, a phoenix displayed and on a chief azure three estoiles Or.

Barbara of Eltham. Release of name.

Bjorn Katryuson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

East Ridge, Shire of. Name only.

Evan MacGowan. Change of device. Sable, issuant from a straight armed tau cross throughout between in base two lozenges argent, a demi­sun Or.

His previous device ("Vert, issuant from a straight tau cross throughout argent, a demi­sun throughout Or, and in base two shamrocks argent.") becomes a badge.

Hawks Haven, Shire of. Name only.

Kerridwen of Falconhold. Change of name from Maelen Faulkner.

Lachlan O'Sheridan of Falconhold. Change of name from Elizabeth Sharaden.

Neil Greenstone. Name and device. Argent, two tilting spears in saltire surmounted by a third palewise sable and on a chief embattled vert three broadarrows inverted argent.

Peredur Maedrus ap Tristan. Name and device. Sable, four caltrops in cross, points elongated to center, argent.

Torold of Hawkshurst. Change of previously registered badge to device. Argent, a hawk displayed gules, on a base indented sable, a hurst of pine trees argent.

Walter Kempe of Falconhold. Change of name from Walter of Haven.

Wilhelm Leopard der Schwarze. Name only.

This name should have been on the letter for the October meeting but was omitted by a scribal error. The name was submitted as Wilhelm Leopo Schwarze and minor changes have been made, as the paperwork allowed. The documentation for Leopo, which we could not otherwise document, was a page reference in Yonge. Since Yonge's listings frequently include out of period names or name "elements" which may have no independent existence in period, it is necessary to check the context. Unfortunately, since neither Laurel nor the Laurel Office library forwarded from California could provide a copy of Yonge, this was not possible. Rather than delete the name element entirely, we have used the name which the paperwork seemed to indicate was his original first choice. Since family names derived from animals were extremely common in period Germany, it would be entirely feasible for him to call himself Wilhelm Leopard. The definite article "der" has been added to the byname to make it the grammatically correct substantive for "the Black". Note that in modern German this is reserved for an ethnic black, but in some period sources "the black man" as a substantive is used for a Caucasian who is dark complexioned.

William of Wolfscape. Device. Azure, on a saltire between four lozenges Or five hurts.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE RETURNED:

Kingdom of Ansteorra

Alanna of Ravenwood. Device. Argent, fretty, a raven volant to sinister sable within a bordure azure.

After comparing the emblazons, it is clear that Crescent is correct in citing as a conflict the badge of Katherine Marie Yvonne Jette ("Argent, an eagle volant to sinister, bearing upon its back a woman sejant to sinister, arm upraised and maintaining a flaming torch, all sable, within a bordure azure."). The two primary charges are so close in outline that the verbal differences between the two are visually negligible (the mass of the woman on the badge occupies the space of the upper wing on the device). Thus, although the two are blazoned quite differently, the only significant difference between the emblazons is the fretty which is not adequate difference between a Society device and Society badge.

Alberic of Winter Hills. Badge for Winter Hills Holdt. Sable, a pithon erect to sinister, its dexter wing inverted and sinister wing elevated, argent.

There are three distinct problems with the badge. First of all, it is demonstrably non­period style and definitely a non­standard pithon. Secondly, as Crescent has pointed out, it is a commonly available piece of jewelry which is almost certainly in the public domain and arguably should not be reserved for use to one individual. Finally, if the pithon is drawn in a standard heraldic manner in the nearest heraldic position, there is a conflict with the device of Ferall von Halstern ("Sable, a bearded pithon erect guardant, wings displayed, within a bordure embattled argent. Note: the submittor's personal name was stated in the letter of intent to have been registered, but we have no record of any submission passed under this name.

Aldonza Dulcinea. Name and device. Argent, a bend sinister between a horse passant to sinister and a cat sejant to sinister sable.

Her badge was passed under the name of Aldonza Pandora since the proposed Society name is clearly in conflict with the heroine of Cervantes' Don Quixote: both names are used for the tavern girl whom the Don chooses as the object of his chivalric adoration: the one name is her actual given name, the other her "nom de guerre" in his imaginary world. The peasant Aldonza Lorenzo becomes in his fantasy the aristocratic Dulcinea del Toboso. The device conflicts with Helene of Glen Laurie, cited in the letter of intent ("Argent, a bend sinister between a garden rose gules, slipped and leaved vert, and a squirrel sejant to sinister erect gules: the maximum difference which may be derived from changes to a single group of secondary charges is a major and a minor point (DR9).

Anastacia Marie Travarra. Badge. A plate surmounted by a sprig of belladonna.

Chevron is quite correct in noting that, with the plant drawn large, as on the emblazon, this is visually in conflict with Morgana of the Marshes ("Argent, a sprig of belladonna proper, in canton an increscent azure."). If the belladonna were drawn smaller so that it lay on the plate entirely, this would then conflict with Sumer Redmaene ("Purpure, on a plate a rose gules, seeded Or.") and others.

Anora Frayne of Winward. Badge. Purpure, on a rose argent, a cross crosslet purpure.

As the famous white rose of York is a fieldless badge, there is a clear conflict here.

Bjorn Tannasson. Device. Argent, a drakkar sable, the sail emblazoned with a boar's head erased argent, between three Thor's hammers gules.

There is a long­standing precedent in Society heraldry which considers charged sails as being equivalent to arms of pretense and therefore forbidden for Society usage: "You may not charge a sail if the resulting sail conflicts with existing arms." As the sail here appear identical to at least one mundane items of armory, this device must be returned. (The passage of the arms of Eisenmarche cited by Star in the letter of intent is a special case: the armorial display on the sail there was a special case: the arms of the Society, which the Board has specifically stated may be displayed by any group.) Note that removing the boar's head from the sail with several mundane coats mentioned which involve a ship sable on an argent field.

Catherine Blackrose. Device. Per chevron argent and sable, two roses and a griffin rampant counterchanged.

Conflict with the arms of Knight ("Per chevron argent and sable, three roses counterchanged.")

Ceol Hardfellow. Device. Gules, a bend sinister between a Jerusalem cross and a scroll fesswise Or.

Conflict with Saskia van Voorhees ("Gules, a bend sinister between a candle argent, enflamed Or, and an open book argent."): only a major and minor may be derived from cumulative changes to a group of secondary charges.

Egil Ironwood. Device. Or, a gore and in sinister chief a triquetra sable.

Conflict with Regulus of Vinhold ("Or, two gores sable.").

Ellisena de Bayonne. Device. Per saltire argent and Or, two winged sea­dragons erect respectant vert, in chief a cross crosslet fleury enhanced azure.

The visual differences between the "sea­dragons" here and the traditional period wyvern are negligible. This being so, I fear Brachet is correct in calling conflict with Pendragon ("Or, two wyverns without legs respecting each other vert, crowned gules." as it is cited in Papworth). As the beasties are also frequently shown without their crowns and the personage to whom these arms belong is peculiarly prominent (Uther Pendragon, King Arthur's father), the weight for protection falls with the mundane arms.

Emerald ferch Ddeulwyn. Name and device. Argent, a unicornate sea­horse erect vert within a bordure sable.

The passage in Withycombe alluded to in the letter of intent specifically states that Emerald is not related to the period Merouda. Also, Deulwyn appears to be one of the large number of place names cited in Gruffudd as a suggestion for a modern Welsh given name: no example of period usage is provided, although Gruffudd regularly provides specific exemplars for older names (the meaning given in Gruffudd for the name is "two groves" which is a typical Welsh place name). We would suggest she use the documented Cornish name Merouda with a period Welsh saint's name like "Derfael". The device conflicts with Angelique of Glen Laurie ("Argent, a winged unicornate hippocampus, wings addorsed vert, winged, armed and orbed Or."): only a weak minor can be allowed for the wings since they are virtually invisible on the argent field.

Estrill Swet. Device. Per bend sinister azure and vert, a bend sinister between a sun and three mullets of four points argent.

Conflict with Widsith Devoua of Exmoor ("Per bend sinister azure and vert, a bend sinister argent, in chief a Celtic broach Or.)".

Ewen Blackpool. Device. Quarterly gules and sable, a unicornate wyvern erect argent.

Conflicts with Karina of the Far West ("Azure, a wyvern argent."). Since the Continental dragon is identical to the English wyvern, this also conflicts with von Drachenfels ("Gules, a dragon winged argent, inflamed proper.")

Gerbold Asbjorn. Device. Sable, a katar argent.

Even amongst those weapons mavens who were aware that a katar is a peculiarly Indian two­handled dagger, there was a general consensus that the charge was not identifiable (several indicated that it appeared at first glance to be a rocket!). In addition, since a dagger is a sword and a sword is, generally speaking, a sword from the point of view of difference, there are a number of mundane conflicts which involve a sword argent in various positions on a sable field.

Giovanni dei Fiori. Badge. Two cup hilted rapiers in saltire surmounted by another palewise inverted sable, overall a rose gules, barbed and seeded proper.

We were compelled to agree with Crescent that the red rose of Lancaster, like the white rose of York, deserves extra protection versus Society badges which should differ by more than one major point from this particularly famous royal badge.

Isleif Brimstone. Device. Gules, a bend between a rose argent, pierced gules, and a Bengal tiger passant proper.

Conflicts with Beikemore ("Gules, a bend argent.").

Jessica Elaine Kincaid. Device. Argent, two flaunches azure pierced by a sewing needle, threaded, Or.

The interlacing of the flaunches by the needle is not period style and is, in and of itself, too great an anomaly to allow. Additionally, if the needle is considered the primary charge, it breaks tincture where it overlies the argent field. If it is considered mainly a tertiary charge, the device is insufficiently differenced from Varin Waldreisender ("Argent, in pale three pine trees eradicated vert between two flaunches azure.")

Jochim Murre. Name and device. Per bend azure and gules, a long cross argent and a star of David Or.

The name is really too close to that of Joachim Murat, the brother­in­law of Napoleon and king of Naples. As the final consonant in Murat's name is silent, the echo is inescapable. (The name also raised echoes of the California bandit Joachim Murrieta.) The device conflicts with Alcuin of Threekingham ("Per bend azure and gules, a cross couped and a cup argent.").

Korwin Freawine of Maeldun. Device. Azure, a bend argent, cotised Or, between a fleur­de­lys and a compass star argent.

Conflict with the arms of Humphrey de Bohum, Earl of Hereford ("Azure, a bend argent between two cotises Or."). These are famous arms indeed, cited not only in Papworth but also in numerous period rolls of arms. In a number of treatises it is one of the chief examples of arms which were "feudally differenced" by the addition of further charges (usually, but far from uniformly six identical charges Or) around the cotises.

Michael of Oland. Device. Argent, a dragon's head erased to sinister gules. Conflict with James Edward de Marksbury ("Argent, a dragon's head bendwise sinister erased to sinister azure, breathing flames gules.").

Sebastian Eton Frobisher. Badge. In saltire a cup­hilted rapier and a sword Or, overall a natural sea­horse vert.

Two types of sword should not be united in a single visual whole here: it is very poor style and has been grounds for return in the past (Daibhi Iain Dubhghall, July, 1985). Moreover, since "a sword is a sword", this is in conflict with the badge of the Society marshallate.

Selwyn Tuebor. Name.

Tuebor is indeed, as suggested on the letter of intent, a valid future form from the Latin second conjugation deponent verb "tueri" and means "I will protect". This makes a wonderful period motto, but does not make a period surname.

Ulfr Thorgrimssou. Device. Sable, three wolf's heads conjoined at the neck Or, collared gules, and an orle of two ropes entwined Or.

The orle is in essence a form of Celtic knotwork, which has been ruled illicit for Society use ("Knotwork is not, by and large, heraldic" Karina of the Far West, July, 1979)

Kingdom of Atenveldt

Adelvarg na Midnathimmel. Name and device. Sable, a wolf statant atop a rock argent.

The elements in the given name could­not be documented as name elements, rather than independent words and the period Scandinavian languages, where they were not "borrowing" Biblical names, generally were like Old German, Old English and Old Norse in drawing "prothemes" and "deuterothemes" from a fixed pool of words. "Varg" does not appear in the Old Norse tradition of naming (or as a naming element in any of the cognate languages). The Old Norse name elements for "noble wolf" would produce "Adalulfr", although Old German Adelulf would be closer in sound. Also, the preposition here should be "av" (cognate with English "of"). He should also be aware that the primary meaning of "htmmel" in period and modern Germanic languages seems to be "heaven" (as in the German phrase "Gott im Himmel!"). The name "Noble wolf of the Midnight Heaven" made several people distinctly nervous. As the wolf is distinctly secondary in importance here, there is no visual conflict with Aodh of Gloghgriffin, cited in the letter of intent ("Pean, a wingless griffin statant upon a rock issuant from base argent."). However, it is technically in conflict with Walter de Montagne ("Sable, in chief a lion passant dismembered and in base a mount argent.").

Batu Bator the Ursine. Name and device. Gyronny Or and argent, a winged bear rampant, wings addorsed and elevated, sable, grasping in his sinister forepaw a mace gules.

Since Bator or Bahadur appears to be a title in Mongolian usage (somewhat similar in rank to our knights), it is not permitted for use in Society names. According to Star, Batu is a legitimate Mongolian given name, although it has not been established that it was a unique name used only by the grandson of Genghis Khan and it should be. The device runs afoul of the prohibition on fields gyronny of two metals (AR2b).

Ian Howard. Name only.

The name is in conflict with John Howard, first Duke of Suffolk and Hereditary Marshal of England. Unfortunately, the problem with the polylingual names so common in our Society is that their use is predicated on the assumption that the person in question moved in more than one nation in the course of their career. This requires that we check for conflict beyond the limits of a single language into translated forms that would not have been common in period. In fact, this personage with a Scots given name and the English family name Howard would have been called Ian Howard in Scotland (because there was no ready translation for Howard), but would have regularly been called John Howard in England. His badge has been registered under the holding name Ian of Silver Keep.

Margaret Blakesley. Device. Gyronny Or and sable, on a point pointed argent four leopard's heads erased and affronty sable.

The tertiaries crammed into the tiny compartment at the base of the field tended to degenerate into unidentifiable splotches. We were compelled to agree with Brachet and others who felt this visually to be in conflict with the famous "Gyronny Or and sable" of Campbell, even though there was adequate technical difference from the charged point.

Tristan Gryphonroke. Device. Per chevron argent and sable, in chief two griffins segreant combattant azure and vert, armed Or, and in base a sword fesswise reversed proper surmounted by a tower argent.

This is overly complex for period style, involving as it does five tinctures and four different types of charge. It would add a considerable amount of unity to the design if the griffins were both of the same tincture.

Kingdom of Atlantia

Calgaich MacPhee. Per pale vert and argent, a goose migrant palewise counterchanged.

Unfortunately, although he had permission to conflict with the arms of Stefan den Strassenrauber, the conflict for which his device was returned in July, 1986, there was another pre­existing conflict, unfortunately not discovered at that time: John of Ean Airgead ("Vert, a chimney swift migrant palewise argent."). There is a major point for counterchanging along the line of division, but the cumulative between the birds are worth a minor point at best (in this position the primary difference is in the tail configuration).

Catherine Adrienne de Steele. Device. Per fess argent and sable, two mortars and pestles conjoined at theirs bases at the line of division and counterchanged, on a chief embattled vert three aspen leaves argent.

There was a general consensus that the two mortars conjoined were neither period style nor identifiable, even at close range. Three pestles counterchanged would be far better heraldry.

Charles of the Red Oakes. Device. Sable, on a pile inverted throughout between two fleurs­de­lys argent an oak tree eradicated gules.

Technical conflict with Rowena d'Anjou ("Azure, on a pile inverted throughout between two fleurs­de­lys argent a swan naiant affronty, wings elevated and addorsed, head to sinister sable.")

Harold Olafsson. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and sable, a sword bendwise sinister inverted proper between a lion passant guardant to sinister Or and a wolf passant reguardant argent.

The name conflicts with Harold I, son of Olaf II, king of the Isle of Man (1237­1248). It is also perilously close to the Society name of Harold Ulfson. The device conflicts with Roderick MacLucas ("Per bend sinister vert and sable, a sword bendwise sinister throughout proper between a mullet of six points pierced Or and another argent.").

Moriah of Land's End. Name.

The name Moriah has been returned previously (e.g., in the case of Moriah Elliot) on the grounds that it is a Biblical place name, the mountain where Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac, and not a form used in period as a given name. No evidence has been presented to contravene that precedent.

Winifred Corbeaunoir. Device. Azure, on a bend sinister Or between two doves migrant to base argent, two ravens rising to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, sable.

Conflicts technically with Kaidu ibn Yesugai ("Azure, on a bend sinister Or, between two mameluk rosettes argent, au arrow inverted sable, fletched gules."). Note that DR10 says "at most" a major point may be derived from tertiaries. In such a case as this, where there are prominent secondaries, we should not even consider making that allowance unless there are three clear differences in the secondaries: since the primary tincture of both sets of tertiaries is sable, there are only two: type and number.

Kingdom of Caid

Jihan um Omar. Device. Gules, two scimitars in saltire argent, in chief a lotus blossom in profile Or.

Since by tradition "a sword is a sword" when counting difference, this does conflict with Holway, cited in the letter of intent ("Gules, two swords in saltire argent.")

Joseph the Wanderer. Name.

Unfortunately, the given name attached to the "Wandering Jew" by Matthew Paris and other medieval writers is Joseph. This account, extremely detailed and circumstantial, is well summarized in the Oxford Companion to English Literature at p. 870. His device, badge and household name have 'Seen registered under the holding name of Joseph of the Angels.

Misheal of Riga. Name and device. Per bend gules and Or, a natural reindeer statant to sinister proper, in chief a mullet argent.

Unfortunately, Star is correct when he says that this name conflicts with Michael, Archbishop of Riga. Crescent's argument that this is a situation parallel to John of London, where we would not consider the name to conflict with King John, although London was his capital, is not really valid. The Archbishopric of Riga was apparently at this time secularly a sovereign entity, parallel to the Palatine clerical territories in Germany, where the ecclesiastical title carried secular power and the ruling clerics were regularly referred to in contemporary documents as X of Y where X was the given name and Y the territorial designation (this does not rule out their being mentioned, sometimes in the same sources, with their family names, any more than the usage of "Richard of England" ruled out "Richard Plantagenet" or "Richard Lionheart" for the same person. Unfortunately, the bulk of the reindeer is a dark brown which shows up poorly against the red portion of the field: the rear portion of the animal showed up well on the Or, but the front half, the distinctively to reindeer" part, was virtually unidentifiable at any distance.

Renee of Dragonskeep. Device. Gules, a pegasus salient argent between three butterflies Or.

Alas! Virgule is correct when he states this is in conflict with Ababrelton, cited at #5025 of Lyon Ordinary II ("Gules, a pegasus salient argent.") This is also very close to Sylvia des Silence Argentius de Bois ("Gules, a winged unicorn rampant argent within a bordure rayonny Or."), although it is technically clear.

Kingdom of the Middle

Thrain Broberg and Thorhalla Karlsdottir Broberg. Household name for Household of the Mountain Bridge.

When the forms arrived for the joint badge submission, the name for the household was as given above, rather than "House Broberg" as originally given on the letter of intent. Normally, this would have been pended for comment, but in fairness to the submittors it is being returned immediately since this is a clear conflict with the name of the Barony of the Bridge ("In a name containing adjectival phrases, the addition or removal of an adjective is not sufficient difference." NR7).

Kingdom of Trimaris

Adriana Maria Presley. Device. Sable, in pale and a chevronel between in chief three escallops and in base a frog sejant to sinister argent.

However this is blazoned, in appearance it includes a fimbriated chief, which is not permitted for Society usage.

Aislinn Columba of Carlisle. Device. Barry of eight Or and sable, on a chief triangular sable, a wolf passant to sinister argent.

Since the difference between barry of six and barry of eight is negligible (Determination of Difference, p. 8, Dl), this conflicts with the Society device of Barry Goldman ("Barry of six Or and sable.").

Arnevet bat Gideon. Name and device. Azure, a chevron argent between two plates and a hare statant reguardant argent.

Since the Rules require that any common noun be specifically documented in use as a given name before it may be used. The use of animal names in general in period Jewish life is demonstrated by the documentation, but not this particular name and, as Batonvert has noted, this is considerably less likely than some. The device conflicts with Angela of the Stoney Oak Forest ("Azure, a chevron between two acorns and an oak leaf argent."), Beorn Collenferth ("Azure, a chevron between a harp, an ax and a sabre­toothed tiger statant argent.") and others.

Fara Steinhauser. Device. Sable, seme of unicorn's heads couped, on a lozenge Or, a unicorn's head couped sable.

Conflict with Konrad von Drachenruh ("Sable, on a lozenge Or, a dragon couchant sable.").

Katherine Angelique d'Artois de Berry. Device. Azure, three bezants, on that in dexter chief a key fesswise sable, on that in sinister chief a quill bendwise sinister gules, on that in base a triskele azure.

The use of three different tertiaries on each one of three identical charges is not period style: this looks like a collection of badges strewn on a field. Additionally, it conflicts with the Society device of Caolbhach MacOisdealbhaigh ("Azure, three bezants, each charged with a shamrock vert, within a bordure Or.") as well as several mundane arms with "Azure, three bezants.").

Mitsuhashi Masaie. Device. Argent, three hashi (chopsticks), two in saltire surmounted by another palewise, fretted with a hexagon voided, all sable.

This conflicts with Ferran de Montfery ("Argent, an escarbuncle of spears offset deasil gules.") and Clovia Lumi ("Sable, a snowflake argent."). Note the rules for tincture differentiation involving mon (DR8). By these, there is a minor point for tincture from Ferran and at most a major point for type of charge (visually it is less). Similarly, from Clovia there is a major point for tincture but only a weak minor for the type of charge (visually, they are almost identical).

Ragnarr Hardraada. Device. Gules, a pale bevilled Or, overall a Norse raven sable.

There are several problems with this device. The pale is not a true bevilled pale but either half a pale dancetty or a sig rune throughout, neither of which may be used in Society devices. The raven is not an identifiable charge. The raven is technically colour on colour (see AR4). Finally, it is in conflict with the badge of Cigfran Myddrael Joserlin ("Gules, a pale Or, overall a raven disclosed proper.").

Raseem al­Mujahed. Device. Sable, an Arabian citadel Or and in chief two swords in saltire proper, all within a bordure embattled Or.

Unfortunately, this conflicts with the badge of Goldwyn of Britain ("Sable, a castle and in chief a compass star, all within a bordure embattled Or.").

Rurik Petrovich Stoianov. Device. Gules, a saltire vair, in base two morningstars in saltire surmounted by a sword Or.

Since the charges in base form one unit, they provide at most one major point from Bayleur ("Gules, a saltire vair.").

Sean Ui Neill. Name and device. Azure, three chevronels interlaced, on a chief Or, two dolphins naiant respectant azure.

The name is a clear conflict with Sean O'Neill, sometimes called Shane the Proud, chieftain of the O'Neills in the Elizabethan era. He was one of the most important figures in the Irish history of the late medieval era and become a heroic figure to the Irish romantic revival (even such a popularizing history as MacManus Story of the Irish Race devotes a whole chapter to his exploits). The device is in conflict with that of Einar aus Enwelt ("Azure, three chevronels interlaced and in chief a pegasus forceny to sinister, wings addorsed Or."): there is a major point for changing the type of secondary and a minor for the addition of the tertiaries.

Storm, Shire of the. Name and device. Per fess wavy argent and azure, in chief two zephyrs sable, in base three barrulets wavy argent surmounted by a laurel wreath proper.

The addition of a single word is not sufficient difference between Society branches (NR20). Therefore, Stormgate would not be sufficiently different from Storm. Logic then would indicate that Storm should not be sufficiently different from the already registered name of Stormgate. The device could not be registered because the name is not acceptable, but it is also visually in conflict with the Shire of Afon Araf ("Per fess argent and barry wavy azure and argent, in pale a swan naiant sable and a laurel wreath vert."). While technically clear because of the change of number and type of charges in chief (a major and minor point) and the line of division (only a minor in effect because of the visual distraction of the wavy), the visual resemblance is overwhelming.

Takashita Katsuyoshi. Device. Sable, a Japanese bamboo flute palewise within an annulet argent.

Conflicts with the device of Komura Shimitsu ("Sable, two chevronels couped counter­couched within an annulet argent.") and the badge of Keridwen of Montrose ("Sable, an iris within an annulet argent.").

Thorkel Tryggvason. Device. Sable, on a bend argent between two suns Or, an escallop argent.

Technical conflict with Siegfried von Hoflichkeit ("Sable, on a bend argent a mullet of four points gyronny Or and sable.").

Wulfgar der Ariegar. Name.

The name was returned in August, 1986, for lack of documentation for the byname. This problem was not addressed in the resubmission. His device was passed under the holding name of Wulfgar of Gleann Dubh. Note that the armoury returned in August was a badge, not a device as noted in the letter (however, the conflicts cited still hold).

Wihtgar Silfrhar. Device. Sable, on roundel engrailed argent, a sword inverted sable surmounted by a hawk displayed, wings inverted, and sinister facing.

The blazon given above matches the emblazon, rather than the blazon given on the letter of intent. (Remember that we register the emblazon, not the blazon.) This is clearly four layers, using a charge surmounting a tertiary, which is forbidden (AR6b).

Kingdom of the West

Agro d'Aix. Name.

Agro is not a valid Latin or Greek name. Moreover, De Felice (Dizionario del Cognomi Italiani, p. 46) shows this as an Italian surname derived from an epithetic use of the adjective "harsh" or "hard".

Bianca Coniglio. Name.

This was inadvertently omitted from the letter for the October meeting. The name, as it stands, is in conflict with Lewis Carroll's White Rabbit (Bianca means "white", Coniglio means "rabbit"). The addition of an attributive preposition to make the commoner family name form "Bianca del Coniglio" would resolve the problem, but the submittor has specified that no change should be made without her permission.

Bjorn Kathrynson. Device. Per pale sable and gules, a winged bear rampant Or.

Technical conflict with Orly ("Sable, a bear rampant Or."): there is a minor point for changing half a low contrast field and another minor point for the addition of the wings.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE PENDING:

Kingdom of Atenveldt

Rachel Ashton. Device. Or, three lilies purpure, cupped vert.

The flowers are blazoned as lilies but they bear no resemblance to the heraldic lily and little resemblance to any natural lily. In fact, they are depicted on the emblazon as the classic iris reticulate. Aten is requested to provide a more precise definition of the type of lily (or iris if that is in fact the "lily" desired).

Kingdom of Trimaris

Sine Immey. Device. Per bend purpure and argent, in bend sinister a butterfly volant Or, and two strawberry leaves palewise vert.

The question has been raised whether strawberry leaves as a charge should be reserved to those of ducal rank. I would request the members of the College to comment on this issues and a decision shall be made on the issue in general and this device in particular at the March meeting.