APPROVALS

19 DECEMBER XXII (1987)

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE APPROVED:

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

Aelfraed Hawkmoon. Change of device. Argent, on a bend sinister, doubly cotised, azure a hawk rising, wings displayed and inverted, and an increscent moon, both palewise, argent.

Catrin of Llanbadern. Name only.

Deborrah Rodriguez Silva. Badge. Argent, goutty de sang, a boar's head sable, jessant-de-lys gules.

Ingirith Austsfari. Name only.

The name was submitted as Ingirith Austrafari. As the submittor specifically desired the name to be changed to the appropriate Old Norse byname, we have modified it, according to Batonvert's suggestion, using the pattern of the analogous "Englandsfari".

Philip de Dampierre. Device. Per chevron lozengy sable and argent and vert, in base two weaver's shears, inverted and fretted in saltire, Or.

Randal der Jäger. Name and device. Per saltire argent and sable, a winged stag salient to sinister gules.

Terrance the Brave. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ursa Ivarsdottir. Name and device. Sable, a woman courant argent, crined, helmeted of a winged helm and vested, bearing in the right hand a round shield Or and in the sinister a sword bendwise sinister proper, a chief lozengy argent and pean.

The submission was made under the name Yrsala Ivarsdottir. As all sources indicate that the "u" and "y" do not interchange in this manner in any of the languages that use the form "Ursula", we have used the alternate suggested by the submittor: "Ursa" which is a documented Slavic given name. This submission is still not very period in style, but the consensus in the College was that the Law of Toyota should apply ("you asked for it, you've got it"). The lady should be asked to draw the device in a more period manner, not (as Crux Australis correctly, if a trifle cruelly, stated) as a "1920's representation of a valkyrie".

Ursa Ivarsdottir. Badge. Sable, a woman's head couped argent, crined and wearing a winged helmet Or, all within a bordure argent.

The stylistic comments made above apply doubly here: please advise the submittor on period usage and style.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Alyna of Snow Camp. Name only.

Andrea of Carlisle. Name and device. Per saltire argent and azure, four domestic cats sejant guardant counterchanged.

Angharad verch Rhuawn. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

As Batonvert has noted, "verch" is a correct period spelling of the mutated form of "merch" since "v" has the sound of "f" in Welsh. It may give rise to confusion on the part of heralds unversed in Welsh orthography, but is legitimate (Triton is advised to make certain that the submittor herself knows the correct pronunciation of her name!).

Aodhnait ni Amhlaoibh. Name and device. Per chevron engrailed azure and argent, three escallops in chevron and a gurges counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Aodhnait ni Amblaibh. It has been modified to give the proper genitive form of the name after the patronymic particle. Note that the usage of "ni" and "nic" before the vowel in Irish seems to be at least partially dialectic: at least in modern Irish, southern dialects seem less concerned at the presence of the conjunction of two vowels.

Calgaigch MacPhee. Device. Per pale vert and argent, a goose migrant palewise between in chief two shamrocks counterchanged.

Clarence Forbes of Glen Dee. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, on a pile inverted throughout between two decrescents Or, a swan naiant to sinister sable.

The submission was made under the name Duncan Forbes of Glen Dee.

Corwyn Mac Domhnaill Ui Chaireallain. Name only.

The name was submitted as Corwyn O'Domhnaill O'Caireallain. The patronymics have been modified to the proper Irish form as the paperwork allowed. It would definitely be more period, were one of the patronymics dropped.

Daniel MacPhearson. Name only.

Ealasaid Ramsey of Skye. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Elizabeth Wingfield. Name and device. Per pale and per chevron gules and Or, a quiver holding two arrows sable.

Fridrich Eisenhart. Name only.

Gillian Clayshaper. Change of name from holding name of Ginger of the White Mist.

Gwaeddan o Ystrad Llangollen. Name correction.

When the name was registered in October, 1986, the "r" was inadvertently omitted from "Ystrad".

Justin du Bois Noir. Transfer of badge for Free Company of the White Mist from Ginger of the White Mist (Gillian Clayshaper). Per pale sable and argent, a helmed, gauntletted and booted man, affronty and hands raised above the head, holding in dexter hand a sword and in sinister hand a bow counterchanged.

Kara von Brandenburg. Name and device. Sable, a sword inverted between in chief two doves rising, wings addorsed, on a chief nebuly argent a bar nebuly azure.

Michel de Montrevel. Name and device. Gules, a stag's head, couped and sinister facing, Or within a bordure Or, semy of lozenges azure.

Paul of Skye. Name and device. Per chevron sable and argent, a phoenix argent rising from flames gules within a bordure counterchanged.

Robert MacGillivray. Device. Sable, on a saltire couped argent, a boar's head caboshed gules, in chief a thistle argent.

Rorik Fredericson. Blazon correction. Azure, a grey goose volant bendwise, wings elevated and addorsed, proper (Anser anser). When registered in August, 1979, no position was specified for the wings. The submittor has requested this modification to avoid problems with misdrawn emblazons.

Sacred Stone, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Phoenix's Claw. Argent, in pale two spears in saltire and a phoenix's claw inverted vert, issuant from flames of fire proper.

Sacred Stone, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Phoenix's Eye. Argent, a pheonix's head vert issuant from flames of fire proper.

Thorbrandr Olafsson. Name only.

Tristan Alexander. Name and device. Azure, a merman affronty reguardant, maintaining in the sinister hand a trident, within a bordure argent.

Please ask the submittor to draw the bordure wider.

Tristan Alexander. Badge. Azure, two tridents in saltire, in chief an escallop inverted, all within a bordure nebuly argent.

Note that this reminded several of the Laurel staff uncomfortably of official Atlantian armoury, although there were no actual conflicts. If the submittor is not aware of this, some counseling might be in order.

KINGDOM OF CAID

Anastasia de l'Arbre de la Pluie. Name only.

To those who asked, the raintree is the name given to a number of New World trees, the most familiar is that found in North America, typified by flowers which are particular odiferous before a rainstorm. Its Linnaean name is Brunefelsia pubescens.

Arianne Lightheart of Whiteheld. Name only.

Arnold Weissdrache. Blazon correction. Per bend sinister embattled azure and gules, an eagle rising to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, Or and a dragon passant coward argent.

The line of division was omitted from the blazon when the device was accepted in September, 1987.

Bartholomew Gwaltrudd O'Cullaighne. Spelling correction.

When the name was registered in September, 1987, the last name element was mistyped as "O'Cullaighn e".

Castle North, Canton of. Device. Quarterly Or and vert, in bend sinister a mullet of four points within a laurel wreath and a castle, all Or.

This simply adds the laurel wreath to their already registered badge. Crescent has invoked the "Grandfather Clause" and, while we do not feel comfortable in accepting the obvious marshalling here, we have to agree that it would not be consistent or just for us to return the device in this case. While the badge itself should probably not have been registered under the then current rules, it slipped by under the lenience which for a long time was granted "secondary" armoury. Given the original registration, we have no choice but to accept the modification proposed here.

Garmon Woodworth. Name and device. Per chevron gules and argent, two lions sejant Or, each maintaining a sword argent, and a lion sejant gules, maintaining a sword sable.

Gwayr of Warwick. Name and device. Per bend sinister purpure and Or, three garbs and a cow salient to sinister counterchanged.

Gwidia Arrowcastre. Release of name.

Gyldenholt, Barony of. Badge. Per chevron azure and Or, three oak leaves counterchanged.

Kenneth of the Grove. Name and device. Sable, two grozing irons in saltire within a bordure embattled argent.

Kyril de Barcelona. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Lisette de Sonsierré. Name correction.

When a badge transfer was made in September, 1987, the previously registered name was spelled without the article. It should not have been.

Manuel le Gules. Name only.

Marcus Naturalis. Blazon correction. Or, a bend sinister sable, overall a monster composed of a human figure with the head and foreclaws of a griffin and the main, tail and rear paws of a lion, purpure , kneeling and maintaining a pellet purpure.

The tincture of the monster was omitted when the device was registered in November, 1987.

Maryann of Naevehjem. Correction of designation from Scatach Faol and blazon correction. Sable, a tree eradicated argent, charged on the foliage with a wolf's head ululant couped sable, within a bordure rayonny Or.

The word processor really got out of control on this submission. When the device was registered in September, 1987, it inadvertently deleted the created holding name used above and restored the name (Scathach Faol) which had previously been returned. (Oops!) It also omitted the tincture of the bordure.

Michel du Cygne Noir. Name only.

Rivka bat Shmuel Alfasi. Change of name from holding name of Rebekah bat Samuel Alfasi.

Rowland Arrowcastre. Name and transfer of device from Gwidia Arrowcastre. Or, an epinette des Vosges palewise proper within a bordure gules.

Salvador Paolo de Barcelona. Badge for Casa del Puñal Carmesi. Or, an eagle rising, wings elevated and addorsed, sable, grasping in its dexter claw a sword gules, all within a bordure embattled sable.

Seóinín Irontree. Name and device. Ermine, in pale a tree, blasted and couped, and an anvil, all within a bordure dovetailed sable.

The name was submitted as Seóin n Irontree. According to the passage in O Corrain and Maguire cited in the letter of intent, the final "i" should be accented.

Tybalt di Milano. Name only.

Valeran do Pico. Change of badge. Gules, a cross formy Or, charged with a cross pointed gules, all within an orle of chain Or.

Ynesyn Ongge Xong Keri j-e. Spelling correction.

When the name was registered in October, 1987, the last name was spelled "Keri -e". The letter form on both the letter of intent and the forms misled us, but Crescent has indicated that the character should be a "j".

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Aran the Silent. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Aran has been documented as an Old Testament given name.

Arianwen ferch Lawen. Name and device. Azure, a swallow volant within a bordure embattled argent.

Aurelius Leander. Badge for Maison de Verdegris. Vert, a bend between two billets argent.

Barbary Elspeth Ham. Device. Erminois, a chevron rompu and in base a griffin statant sable.

Brendan O'Carroll. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Christian d'Hiver. Device. Per pale dovetailed argent and purpure, a chevron counterchanged.

Damienne d'Auxerre. Name only.

Damon of Three Rivers. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, a horse salient argent within a bordure engrailed Or.

The name appeared on the letter of intent as Daman Borrendöhl. However, the forms indicated that the submittor wished the more normal spelling of Damon.

Francis de Burgo. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Herbrand Levorson. Name only.

Jason Rodbeard. Name only.

Katrei Grünenberg. Name and device. Vert, on a pile wavy, issuant from dexter chief, a mullet of seven points, elongated to base, purpure.

Copious documentation was provided from Jahrhunderts Regensburger Rufnamen des 13. und 14 to support this form of Catherine in period German.

Kevin of Shadowdale. Device. Per chevron vert and argent, two towers argent and a portcullis within a bordure sable.

Krisztina Holgyasszony. Name and device. Per pale sable and erminois, on a fess counterchanged a unicorn argent and a dragon vert, bellied and winged gules, combattant.

Lile ni Mhordha. Name and device. Per chevron ermine and azure, in base three annulets, one and two, interlaced Or.

The name was submitted as Lile ni Mordha. However, the Mordha patronymic must be aspirated after the "ni".

Liriel Correll of Tuatha Keep. Name and device. Paly of four Or and azure, two mullets and a decrescent counterchanged.

The Irish name is not really properly manufactured on the Irish model as the letter of intent indicated nor is the use of an undifferentiated Irish noun in an adjectival usage with an English noun really permitted under our current rules. There was also some concern about the difficulty in identification of the charges caused by the counterchanging here. However, convincing evidence was provided by Gold Falcon that the submittor has been making a good faith effort to register this submission since the tenure of Mistress Karina, efforts frustrated by a series of accidents and losses to the extent that we feel the "hardship clause" should apply.

Maurice de Granada. Blazon correction. Or, a dhow, sail set and sinister facing, vert within a bordure vert, bezanty.

When the device was registered in October, 1987, the bordure was registered as "bezanty Or". This is tautological.

Patrick O'Reilly the Tall. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Raonull Modar. Name only.

Renwick the Silver Tongued. Name only.

Richard de Montmorency. Name only.

Robert of the Northern Wastes. Name only.

Roderick of Warwick. Name and device. Sable, a pithon and in chief three compass stars within a bordure argent.

Roger de Bayeux. Name only.

Sarra Hrafnhildr. Name and device. Per chevron counterermine and argent, two shuttles fesswise argent and a raven sable.

Sean MacMaurice. Name and device. Argent, a saltire triply parted and fretted vert and in base a mullet of eight points pierced, all within a bordure embattled sable.

The name was submitted as Sean MacMaurice Rhys. Unfortunately, it was our feeling that this was too close to the already registered name of Sian ferch Rhys, shown elsewhere on the same letter of intent (this is particularly obvious from the point of view of the use name [Sian/Sean Rhys] common to both).

Sherry Foxwell. Device. Sable, a horse's head couped within a decrescent argent.

Please advise the submittor to draw the decrescent properly, not as the thin arc used on the submitted emblazon.

Stephen Grimfalcon de Norfolk. Name and device. Argent, a chevron, embattled and rompu, gules between two falcons striking respectant and a hammer bendwise, all within a bordure sable.

Please ask the submittor to draw the bordure wider!

Stephen Grimfalcon de Norfolk. Badge for Household Grimfalcon. Argent, a falcon striking sable within a bordure gules.

Swordhold, Shire of. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Timothy Longwatcher. Name only.

Tryffin ap Myrddin. Name and device. Azure, semy of acorns, on a pile between two swords argent, a tree eradicated proper.

The name was submitted as Tryffin ab Myrddin. The patronymic particle has been corrected to the form which usually precedes consonants. Note that the submittor provided a genealogy to support his contention that the given name "Tryffin" appeared in the family of the princes of Dyfed in the person of Tryffin ap Rhain who died in 814 (Davies, p. 107 Wales in the Early Middle Ages).

Volkmar Katzbalger. Device. Per pale sable and gules, two halberd heads addorsed and in chief a lucy Or.

Warrior's Rest, Canton of. Name and device. Argent, a castle sable within a laurel wreath vert, in chief three boar's heads erased gules.

Witram Elwood. Name only.

Zenobia of Rebelswood. Device. Argent, a unicorn rampant and on chief embattled gules, an arrow, barb to dexter, argent.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Adrianna de la Telaraña. Name and device. Per pale sable and Or, a spider tergiant counterchanged.

Adrienne du Val des Roses. Name and device. Argent, on a pile nebuly purpure a rose argent, barbed vert.

Alicia de Maris of Ravenstar. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for Holding name). Argent, a raven close, on a chief sable three mullets Or.

The submission was made under the name Alyssa de Maris of Ravenstar. As the given name was unacceptable, we have used the closest sounding variant of the given name from which "Alyssa" was stated to derive to form the holding name.

Alison MacDermot. Name only.

The name was submitted as Alison nic Dermot. As the patronymic is formed with the Anglicised form of the Irish Diarmuit and the given name is English, the feminine patronymic particle did not seem appropriate. To modify the name to make the form proper Irish would entail a change of sound considerably more radical than that involved in using the inherited male patronymic for the common Anglicised family name MacDermot, so we used the more consistent form here.

Armel de Locmariaquer. Device. Per fess wavy azure and Or, three mullets, two and one, and three forget-me-not flowers, two and one, counterchanged.

Please ask her to draw the line of division properly, with more waves than appear on the submitted emblazon.

Arnoff Ragnarsson. Transfer of badge from Kingdom of Meridies. Argent, a fleam gules.

By request of the Kingdom of Meridies, this badge is transferred to Arnoff Ragnarsson, presently Kingdom Chirurgeon of the East.

Artemas Maximus. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Or, a bear's pawprint gules.

Note that this is identical in outline to Igor Medved ("Argent, a bear's dexter pawprint azure."), but this is clear because it is a badge. AR20b specifically states that identity of outline only causes badges to be returned if the identity is with the arms or flags of "mundane royal houses or territorial entities" or with "the arms of Society Kingdoms, Principalities or Corporate Offices".

QUESTION TO THE COLLEGE OF ARMS: It has been noted that identity It has been noted that identity of outline may be permitted to exist with Kingdom badges (e.g., for orders), personal armoury of individuals, etc. Is this a license which may cause offense? I would like commentary on this issue for the February meeting (at least some discussion to be held at Estrella War).

Bjorn Karlsson. Name and device. Gules, a bear rampant, maintaining two goblets, Or, between three plates.

Brian de Northwode. Badge. Sable, an oak tree eradicated between five acorns argent.

Brian of Bowman's Rest. Holding name and device. Gules, on a fess wavy between two geese, volant to sinister, argent, a bar wavy azure.

The submission was made under the name Desmond O'Brian. Please ask him to draw the bar azure wider than it appeared on the emblazon sheet so it will be clearly visible at a distance.

Brighid ni Chiaráin of Tethba. Name only.

The name was submitted as Brighid ni of Ciaran Tethba. The patronymic has been modified to the proper genitive form after the feminine patronymic particle.

David MacDougall. Name only (see RETURNS for badge).

The name as it appeared on the forms was David MacDougalls. The letter of intent had the proper form of MacDougall which we have used here.

Dillon Griffith A'Bheithir. Badge for House Beithir. Vert, a pall inverted ermine between three boar's heads caboshed argent.

Note that the household name was submitted as "B heithir". As the noun (meaning "serpent") is in apposition to House, it is in the nominative and does not aspirate when the article is absent as it is here.

Duncan Thorfinn. Name only.

Note that this name gave us some twinges since the first wife of Malcolm Canmore, king of Scotland, was Ingeborg of Orkney who was the wife of Earl Thorfinn of Orkney (some versions would have her his daughter). Their eldest son was Duncan II of Scotland. However, the consensus was that the relation was not so close as to be more than vaguely suggestive of an Orkney connection.

East, Kingdom of the. Title for Aurora Pursuivant.

Elaigne Kerr Benicoeur. Badge. Per bend argent and azure, a cur's head erased to sinister per bend azure and ermine.

Eleanor Cleveland of York. Name only.

Elektra Leonides. Change of device. Sable, a bend sinister between two lion's heads caboshed within a bordure argent.

Elspeth Livingston. Name and device. Vert, a chevron plain, cotised, the cotises embattled on their outer edges, between three sprigs of three holly leaves Or, fruited gules.

Emrys Hawkwind. Name only.

Ernst Nuss von Kitzengen. Name only.

Esteban Ontiveros de San Antonio. Name only.

Note that Ontiveros is his mundane family name.

Frederic of Toddington. Holding name and badge for House Toddington (see RETURNS for name). On an escallop inverted sable, a tau cross Or.

The submission was made under the name of Tygart of Toddington.

Gabriel of Berkhamsted. Name only.

George Emerson True. Name and device. Sable, on a pale between two lions combattant Or, three fleurs-de-lys sable.

Guenevere of Saint Kilda. Name only.

The name was submitted with the spelling Guenevere of St. Kilda. Since we register the full form of the name, not a scribal abbreviation, we have corrected the spelling.

Gwendolyn of Moray Firth. Name only.

Katerina Martenhood. Name only.

Kieran von Rottenbuch. Name and device. Per bend azure and sable, on a bend between a sun Or and a plate, a comet, head to base, gules.

For those who may wonder about a cultural incompatibility involving the given name, we are informed that St. Kieran is one of the patron saints of Wurzburg!

Kurt Michael Meyer Wittman von Altenstein. Device. Gules, a cross flory gyronny sable and Or between four crosses formy, on a chief Or, three eagle's heads erased sable.

Please ask the submittor to draw the primary charge with thicker arms in the period manner so the division of the tinctures is clearer.

Lea Grarvargr. Name and device. Sable, a horse's head couped within a bordure Or, semy of roses proper.

Note that her mundane given name is Lea.

Lind Rachael Fessel of the Falconshield. Change of name from Lind Rachael Fessel of the Falconshield. MacAindreas of the Falconshield and Badge for Beadworkers' Guild. Chequy argent and gules platy, a needle bendwise sinister, point to base, sable.

The name was submitted as Sindara Lind Rachael Fessel of the Falconshield. It was stated that "Sindara" was a feminized Hebrew form from Alexander the diminutive form "Sender". No adequate support could be adduced for this and the consensus was that the bulk of Society members would more plausibly derive this from "Sindar", the ethnic name for the Grey Elves of Tolkien. To register the remainder of the name change we have dropped the problematic "Sindara".

Lindorm Erickson Blad. Change of name from Lindorm Erickson.

The byname means "leaf" in Swedish (the submittor is a native Swedish speaker, being a member of the Barony of Nordmark). Note that the time his name was first registered in February, 1987, we noted that we could not find documentation for the given name in actual period usage, but that it followed the pattern of known period names. The submittor has confirmed that this conclusion was correct by providing documentation for the usage of the name "Lindorm", as such, during the fourteenth and fifteenth century in the Swedish family of Ribbing (Gustaf Elgenstierna, Den Introducerade Svenska Adelns Ättartavlor med Tillägg och Introducerade och Rättelser, Vol. VI, p. 287 ff).Rättelser.

Louis of Bowman's Rest. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for Holding name) Per pale vert and azure, an arrow Or between a pheon inverted and a pheon argent.

The submission was made under the name Nisse Godreng.

Margery Coulano de Tracey of Toddington. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The name appeared on the letter of intent as Margaret Coulano de Tracey of Toddington. The forms, however, indicated that the submittor desired the equally period form "Margery".

Myrddin Bwagrymusol. Device. Purpure, a monster composed of the body of a lion conjoined to the torso and head of a man, passant and maintaining a drawn bow, all within a bordure potenty argent.

Note that this monster is quite in the period tradition: something almost identical appears on arms attributed to King Stephen of England (von Volborth, Heraldry: Customs, Rules andHeraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles, p. 47).Styles

Myrddin o'r Afon. Name only.

The name was submitted as Myrddin Afon. The preposition gan yrgan yr "gan" in Welsh is not generally used in the locative sense as the submittor clearly desires it (the meaning would be closer to "Merlin born from the river", which has some dubious overtones).

Therefore, we have modified the name to the appropriate grammatical form for "Merlin of the River".

Peder Klingrode. Name and device. Per fess sable and argent, in pale a bezant and a torteau.

Randal Dougal. Name only.

Regina Romsey. Change of device. Purpure, semy of swords Or, a snowy owl argent.

Brachet pointed out a potential conflict with James MacChlurain ("Sable, an owl argent."). Since Master Baldwin's ruling on the nature of a semy and the consequent changes to the rules, this is clear: there is a major point for the change in field tincture from sable to purpure and another for the addition of the semy. Since these are from different categories neither "demotes".

Rhonwen Y Clermwnt O'r Mwntduog. Device. Per fess indented of three points argent and sable, in chief three cythau lyres in fess gules, in base two such lyres in fess argent.

Richard of Concordia of the Snows. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for device). Sable, a demi-chrysanthemum arising from water, between in chief two cranes volant respectant, bills crosses in chief, all argent.

The submission was made under the name Kikuchi Tsurunaga. Note that this was submitted as mon and all charges are drawn properly in the Japanese manner.

Rosalinde De Witte. Device. Ermine, a griffin segreant vert, on a chief sable a pair of scissors fesswise Or.

On the letter of intent, this was indicated to be a name and device submission, but her name had previously been registered in this form in June, 1986.

Rosalind Sylvana de la Croix. Name only.

The name was submitted as Rosland Sylvana de la Croix. As we could find no evidence for such a variant of the documented name Rosalind, we have changed the given name to the radical form.

Simon Dubh Mac Brian O Glen Rannoch. Name only.

The name was submitted as Simon diub Mac Brian O glen Rannock. As the submittor requested, we have modified the name to give a consistent and grammatically correct name.

Stephen of Raglan. Name only.

Thorbjorn Olafsen. Name only.

Note that the patronymic here is formed with the Danish patronymic suffix "-sen" which frequently is not preceded by the possessive "s" (e.g., Hansen, Jensen, etc.).

Tiphaine des Montagnes. Name only.

The name was submitted as Tiphaine de Montagnes. The byname has been modified to give the meaning "of the Mountains" that the submittor desired.

Vanora Wulfstan. Device. Per bend sinister wavy argent and azure, two natural seahorses counterchanged.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Bertrand d'Avignon. Name and device. Argent, a singly arched bridge, its span fracted, gules, masoned argent, within an orle of lozenges sable.

The letter of intent had the given name as "Bertand", with only one "r", but the submittor's forms indicated that he desired the normal "Bertrand".

Catalina de Almería y Tiermas. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Cerridwen ni Morna. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Drogo de Lac du Bourget. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Hawkyn Fitzgerad. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The name was submitted as Hawksyn Fitzgerad. The citations for Hawkyn as a name in Reaney (p. 157) make it clear that the given given form ending in the possessive suffix "-s" is a patronymic form so we have corrected the name as his documentation allows. Reaney makes it clear that it was a common feature of later medieval English to drop the "l" from the given name "Gerald" in patronymic constructions. Although the specific citations for this are for the radical form of "Gerald", rather than for the form with the particle "fitz", it is clear that this would occur in both contexts as early as the thirteenth century.

Johann von Balduinseck. Blazon correction. Per fess embattled argent and sable, in pale a label couped sable and a two-towered castle argent.

When the device was registered in March, 1987, the castle was inadvertently omitted.

Laeriel Fayrehale. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Merlina Gitano del Sacromonte. Change of name from Merlina Gitana del Sacromonte.

Outlands, Kingdom of. Title for Chagama Herald Extraordinary.

Chagama is Japanese for "tea pot". [Irreverent note from Laurel meeting: "Obviously, the heraldic officer in charge of settling precedence disputes!"]

Outlands, Kingdom of. Title for Weel Pursuivant.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Alaine de Rue Vert of Dragon Vale. Name and device. Sable, goutty d'eau, a Caucasian mermaid erect affronty proper, tailed Or, crined gules, holding in her dexter hand a goblet and in her sinister hand a candelabra Or, its candles argent, enflamed gules.

Arianwen de Lynn. Device. Quarterly azure and gules, a hind courant to sinister within an orle argent.

Briana Ailie of Shadowskeep. Blazon correction. Per chevron sable and ermine, in chief two cats sejant erect to sinister guardant argent.

The posture of the beast's heads was omitted when the device was registered in September, 1987.

Champclair, Shire of. Change of device. Per fess azure and vairy Or and azure, in chief a sun within a laurel wreath Or.

Diarmid O Lorcain. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Pean, three natural leopard's faces Or, on a chief embattled argent a lion passant guardant sable.

The name was submitted as Diarmid Ui Lorcain. The submittor indicated no changes his name which would make it acceptable. Since the Western forms specifically allow formation of a holding name we have created one in order to pass the device. The procedure used to create this holding name was simply to make the minor grammatical change needed to make the name acceptable. [Editorial note: our Jesuitical training always comes out strong around Christmastide. . .]

Eric Godwyne atte Ipswich. Name and device. Or, on a pall inverted cotised azure three plates.

Étienne Xavier Bondurant du Blaquemoor. Badge. Purpure, a caltrop inverted conjoined to a pair of wings displayed argent.

Eveline of Shoreham. Badge. Azure, a slipper bendwise sinister Or.

Far West, Barony of. Order of the Attic Helm. Name only.

Far West, Barony of. Order of the Bouget. Name only.

Far West, Barony of. Order of the Oriental Dragon. Name only.

Far West, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Empty Shell. Gules, an escallop inverted conjoined at its base to an escallop, all between a pair of flaunches Or.

[Irreverent query from Laurel staff after consideration of the preceding four entries: "Do they really call it Drachenwald West?"]

Finn O Lochlainn. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The name was submitted as Fin O Lochlainn. Research indicates that the translation from the Irish sources included as documentation involves a mistransliteration of the Irish given name "Finn" which the submittor had offered as an acceptable alternate. Therefore, we have modified the given name to register the whole.

James of Lochiel. Name and device. Per chevron Or and counter-ermine, a chief rayonny gules.

The byname is not manufactured, as stated on the letter of intent. It is the seat of the Camerons of Lochiel and its use here caused some distinct twinges amongst the Jacobites on the Laurel staff in view of the Barony of Lochiel created in 1528. However, available resources did not show any chiefs with the given name James (the favoured Cameron names were Ewen and Donald).

Jania of Call Duck Manor. Name and device. Quarterly Or and vert, a duck statant within a Bowen knot in cross argent.

Jean Étienne de Brive la Gaillarde. Name and device. Per pale and per chevron Or and sable, in base four fleurs-de-lys in cross counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Jean Étienne de Brive-la-Gaillarde. The hyphens do not seem to be used in this place name in period so they have been deleted.

John Theophilus. Spelling correction and blazon correction. Azure, a cross formy throughout and on a chief argent, three hearts gules.

When the device was registered in October, 1987, the byname was misspelled "Theophilous" and the modifier was omitted from the cross.

Juliana di Modena. Name and device. Vert, on a pale between two lions combattant argent, three roses gules.

The name was submitted as Juliana de Modena. The preposition has been modified to the proper Italian form to match the place name.

Lochac, Principality of. Transfer of badge from Reynardine de Clifford and addition of designation for the Mead Guard. Per pale vert and purpure, a windmill within a bordure Or.

Mahala de Sorbonne. Name and device. Argent, a peacock in its pride proper, a bordure invected purpure.

Olaf Ketilsson. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, a chevron throughout between two roundels Or.

Riverhaven, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Pierced Anvil. Azure, a needle palewise surmounted by an anvil Or, all between a pair of flaunches argent.

Draw the needle bigger, please!

Sionnaich Craig. Badge. Per pale sable and argent, two foxes rampant addorsed, each brandishing a battle-axe, counterchanged.

Snorri Ottarsson. Correction of name correction.

In November, 1987, a name correction was entered appropriately indicating that the byname should have had a double "s" when registered in June, 1987. Unfortunately, the extra "s" was left out of the name itself.

Tiburtius of Scarpa. Device. Gules, five scarpes argent, on a chief Or a sword fesswise azure.

Ventbarré, Shire of. Device. Per bend sinister Or and gules, a laurel wreath vert and a pomegranate, slipped and leaved, Or, seeded sable, within a bordure counterchanged.

Wiglaf Wilfridson. Name only.

Wilhelm Zweiköpfig Falke. Device. Argent, a double-headed hawk displayed and a chief purpure.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE RETURNED:

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

Terrance the Brave. Device. Vert, on a lozenge Or, two shillelaghs in saltire proper.

Conflict with Robert of Woodsende ("Or, vetu ployé vert, a serpent nowed sable.") and Galan-Schol of Eirmeathe ("Vert, on a fusil throughout Or, a tree eradicated proper, all within a bordure argent.").

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Angharad verch Rhuawn. Device. Sable, a rowan branch Or, fructed gules.

Brachet is correct in citing a visual conflict with Grane the Golden of Hippogriff Tower ("Sable, three stalks of wheat as in a garb Or."). It also falls afoul of the badge for the Order of the Golden Branch registered to the Principality of the Mists ("A branch palewise hung with bells, within a bordure engrailed."). [A note on process description: this last conflict was noticed when a member of the Laurel staff objected "You can't register the Golden Bough" to be answered "The Mists already has!".]

Caterina Leonora di Forza d'Agro. Device. Vert, a woven round-bottomed and handled basket within a bordure Or.

Conflict with the badge of Kendric de Morlaix ("Vert, a crescent within a bordure Or."): the resemblance in shape is too strong for complete difference of charge to exist.

Duncan Forbes of Glen Dee. Name only.

By the submittor's own documentation, the name conflicts with that early Forbes chieftain named Duncan to whom Alexander III of Scotland made official grant by charter of the lands of the Barony of Forbes. There is no doubt that his "use name" of Duncan Forbes is in conflict.

Ealasaid Ramsey of Skye. Name and device. Vert, a chevron ermine between two roses argent and an opinicus sejant erect to sinister Or.

Conflict with Jobber ("Vert, a chevron ermine.", as cited in Papworth, p. 377).

Gwaeddan o Ystrad Llangollen. Device. Or, two foxes salient respectant in annulo gules within a bordure wavy sable.

Unfortunately, the consensus in the College was that the beasties were still not in an identifiable heraldic position and were consequently extremely difficult to identify. The attempt to force the beasts into an annulate arrangement forces them out of any identifiable salient or rampant posture. Please ask her to resubmit with a standard heraldic arrangement.

Tir-y-don, Barony of. Badge. Argent, a saltire azure overall a dolphin haurient gules.

Conflict with the flag of Nova Scotia ("Argent, a saltire azure, overall an inescutcheon of Scotland".) Under DR2a, a major and a minor point of difference is required from "the arms and flags of mundane royal houses or territorial entities".

Volodimir Vseslavovich Kambionets. Change from holding name of Volodimir of Cambion.

The holding name was originally applied when the submitted name of Volodimir Vsevolodovich was found in conflict with Volodimir II of Kiev, son of Vsevolod I of Kiev. The patronymic was changed and a "Russianised" version of his household name was added for extra difference. This latter was stated at the time this was returned in July, 1987, to be unacceptable since it joined a non-Slavic root to the Russian suffix "-ets".

The submittor has appealed this decision with a truly amazing number of exemplars to demonstrate that Russian will borrow from other languages and tack on the suffix "-ets" to form adjectives of origin. Unfortunately, as far as we can determine, all of these exemplars are out of period and, indeed, most seem to be of twentieth century origin, sometimes spectacularly. Adjective forms such as "kukluksklanovets" (belonging to the Ku Klux Klan), "gitlerovets" (follower of Hitler), "ehsehsovets" (SS member), "kambodzhiets" (Cambodian), "vegetarianets" (vegetarian), "neokantianets" (adhering to neo-Kantian philosophy), "respublikanets" (belonging to the Republican party), etc. do not really support the argument that "Kambionets" would be a period period Russian byname. We suggest he consider using the lingua franca "of Cambion".

KINGDOM OF CAID

Dmitri Yaroslavich Tsepesh. Name only.

It was the consensus of the commentary in the College that the byname "Tsepesh", which means "Impaler" and is associated with Vlad the Impaler, prototype for the Dracula legend, is offensive in itself, offensive in its association with Vlad/Dracula and should not be registered. Unfortunately, simply deleting the epithet brings the name into clear conflict with Dimitri Yaroslavich Aryelov and so the name must be returned. Note that the analogues noted with Scots practise to support the difference of the two names with a different byname (Ian Bruce MacRae and Ian Bruce Robertson) may not be valid. In Scots practise the "use name" in each case would most likely be Ian MacRae and Ian Robertson. In Russian practise the usual mode of reference for both would be with given name and patronymic so that both would commonly be referred to and addressed as Dimitri Yaroslavich (this is extremely confusing to Western readers, as anyone who was exposed to in Freshman English Anna Karenina or War and Peace will testify, but the Russians do not seem to have a problem with it).

Goldwyn of Britain. Badge. A horse rampant to sinister Or maintaining in its forehooves a peel ermine.

Conflict with Ian Michael ("Gules, a unicorn salient to sinister Or, attired, crined and unguled argent."). Laurel sends her sympathies to the submittor: she was addicted to The Avengers too!

Kyril de Barcelona. Name and device. Argent, two unicorns passant counterpassant sable, armed Or.

Note that the blazon was changed for clarity: the occasional usage of "counterpassant" in Society blazonry as the equivalent of "passant to sinister" demands the longer blazon. Unfortunately, Brachet is correct in calling a technical conflict with Aryana Silknfyre ("Per pale and per saltire argent and Or, a unicorn trippant sable, crined gules.").

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Aran the Silent. Device. Azure, a bend cotised argent, overall a griffin's head gules.

Given the depiction on the emblazon sheet, we suspect it was Master Charles' intent to appeal to the exception clause specifically written to AR4. This should have been made clear in the letter of intent. Unfortunately, the ruling is quite specific on the circumstances under which this leniency may be invoked: "Exceptions may be made for designs where the underlying charge(s) are inherently large, taking up most of the shield in any reasonable emblazon." In this case, if the cotises and bend were drawn in the usual Society proportions, the overlying charge would significantly overlap the azure field, breaking contrast. Note that this also runs into conflict problems with the mundane arms of Fortescue ("Azure, a bend between two cotises argent.", as cited in Papworth, p. 204).

Ayesha al Qadi. Name only.

The title "Qadi", in several transliterations, does mean "judge", but has also been used in the Society as an approved alternate for "Count" so may not be used unless the lady actually has that rank. Note that the paperwork indicated that she had a device registered under the name Catriona MacLean, but neither the name nor the supposed device could be found in our files.

Brendan O'Carroll. Device. Vert, a hunting horn, within its loop a horse rampant, Or.

Monsho appears to be correct in calling this a conflict with the German Post Office insignia of "Vert, a posthorn Or." It would seem impossible to draw the horse large enough for it to be clearly visible and identifiable.

Briana Etain MacKorkhill. Name and device. Quarterly embowed counterembowed argent and vert, in bend a maunch and a sprig of two strawberries gules, slipped and leaved vert.

There exists a serious disparity between the version of the name given in the letter of intent and that shown on her forms: the former shows Briana Etain MacKorkhill, the latter shows Briana MacKorkhill of Clithan Hold. We need a determination of the submittor's intent before the name can be registered. (For the benefit of others in the College, it would have been nice to have a specific citation for Briana from the Faerie Queen documentation included a biographical notice on Spenser to show that the volume was period, but the precise location of the reference to a human Briana was not given.) The maunch is a not heraldic representation and it is merely a matter of faith that the charge is intended to be a sleeve. Also, the arching of the lines of division is such that this appears definitely to be quartering, albeit seen through a funhouse mirror.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge. Purpure, a falcon striking Or.

Unfortunately, this lovely badge technically conflicts with the device of John Aquila of Eaglesdown ("Purpure, an eagle close to sinister Or."): the only real difference is one of posture.

Daman Borrendöhl. Name only.

No meaning was given for the byname, nor copies of the source cited in the letter of intent for the name elements in the byname so that the College could judge on the viability of conjoining these elements.

Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge. Argent, a poplar tree rooted of a trident vert.

Conflict with Joseph of Locksley ("Vert, a tree eradicated argent."): as the unusual rooting of the tree is a distinction rather than a difference, there is only the major point for counterchanging the tinctures. This also conflicts visually with the mundane arms of Nozier ("Argent, a nut tree eradicated vert.", as cited in Woodward, p. 318) and Kymberlee ("Argent, a tree eradicated vert.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1112).

Francis de Burgo. Device. Counterermine, a fox passant reguardant argent.

Conflict with the badge of Johann von Graustein ("A fox statant reguardant argent.").

Megan Elphinstone. Device. Ermine, on a saltire azure, a hawk's lure Or.

Conflict with Gawaine ("Ermine, on a saltire azure, five fleurs-de-lys Or.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1081) and with Orielle de Harfleur ("Ermine, a saltire azure, overall a legless oriole displayed, wings inverted, head to sinister, gules.").

Patrick O'Reilly the Tall. Device. Vert, three mullets within a bordure argent.

Conflict with Morgan Morningstar ("Vert, three compass stars, the greater points wavy, within a bordure invected argent."): DoD4B3 specifically cites mullets of five points as being different by only a minor point from mullets of eight points and the visual resemblance here is just too great despite the difference in the bordures.

Robert MacDonachie. Name only.

Unfortunately, as the submittor's own documentation indicates, MacDonachie is equivalent to "son of Duncan". This places the name in conflict with Robert Duncanson, Fourth chief of Clan Donnachaidh who was the eponymous founder of the house of Robertson of Struan (Moncreiffe, The Highland Clans, p. 211).

Swordhold, Shire of. Device. Argent, on a pellet a sword palewise, quillioned of a laurel wreath, maintained by two gauntlets Or, all within a bordure embattled sable.

There are two problems with the submission. First, the laurel wreath is not a "significant part of the design" as required under AR9a. It also conflicts with Dav Greyheart ("Argent, on a pellet a francisque Or.").

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Adrienne du Val des Roses. Badge for House Val des Roses. Argent, a rose purpure, barbed vert, within a bordure nebuly purpure.

Conflict with Alyanora of Vinca ("Argent, a periwinkle proper."). Obelisk is correct in noting that the flowers are virtually identical visually.

Alyssa de Maris of Ravenstar. Name only.

Although the given name was stated to be a variant of Alice, noone could document this particular variant. In both look and sound it is closer to the flower "Alyssum", which both in Greek and Latin refers to the plant which the ancients felt cured hydrophobia. In fact, in classical Greek there is an adjective, whose feminine form is identical to the proposed given name, which means "curing madness due to hydrophobia".

Andree Nadine de Valois. Name only.

Unfortunately, as Crescent has noted, there is really no way to be "of Valois" without giving the impression of claiming a relationship with the Valois dynasty of French royalty. If the lady wishes to be from this region (it is a region, not a city), she could be from one of the period towns or, as suggested by Crescent, use the name of the river from which the region takes its name ("de l'Oise"). It should also be noted that the citation in Withycombe offered in support of Nadine (p. 225) suggests that the name is an out of period French formation derived from a Russian form, which bears the appearance of a diminutive.

Artemas Maximus. Name for House Maximus.

"Maximus" is a Latin adjective, which must agree with the noun it modifies "in language, number, case and gender " according to NR4a. The masculine Latin adjective agrees with the English neuter noun in neither gender nor language. Additionally, the meaning of the proposed name, "the greatest household", seemed more than a little pretentious.

Canus Michaelius of Amnderron. Name only.

The proper Latin nominative form of Michael is "Michael". Like a majority of the Hebrew masculine names borrowed into Latin, it is a third declension noun which forms a genitive in "-is" so the form "Michaelius" is not at all correct. The adjective "canus" should follow the given name. The submittor gave it as meaning simply "grey", but the meaning is not that simple since it describes the colour of white hoar-frost and is frequently applied to the grey-white hair of the aged. Thus the most common meaning for the adjective, when applied directly to an individual, as in this case, is the transferred meaning of "old, aged" (i.e., having a hoary head of hair). Finally, we were not able to find any support for the statement that Amnderron was a hill fort in the Scottish Highlands and, if this was intended to be a manufactured Gaelic name, it fails for it does not follow the standard patterns for Gaelic place name formation.

Cecelia Constanza de Castile. Name only.

Conflict with Constance of Castile, daughter of Alphonso VII of Castile and wife of Louis VII of France. The submittor allowed no changes whatsoever to her name.

Constance Eleanor Beauchamp. Name and device. Barry wavy and per pale azure and argent, a bordure vert.

The name conflicts with that of Eleanor Beauchamp, daughter of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. In 1435 she married Edmund Beaufort, one of the leaders of the Beaufort party, whose own aspirations to the throne triggered several of the major political convulsions of the mid-fifteenth century. As the submittor will not allow even minor changes to her name, the submission as a whole must be returned.

David MacDougall. Badge. Per chevron inverted azure and gules, a chevron inverted tierced chevronwise argent, sable and Or.

Conflict with the badge of Joanne of Puffin Cliff, registered in August, 1987 ("Per chevron inverted azure and gules, a chevron inverted Or."). Note that the tinctures of the two metals were inadvertently reversed on the letter of intent.

Desmond O'Brian. Name only.

Unfortunately, all the evidence points to the usage of the given name Desmond being a recent usage, derived from the use of the place name Desmond as a family name. Its popularity would seem to date from a relatively late date, perhaps influenced by the Fenian adoption of the long dead Fitzgerald Earls of Desmond as martyrs for Irish liberty under the Tudors.

Emrys ap Llyr. Change of name from Turlough Mac Art.

Llyr does indeed appear in early Welsh genealogies, just as Mars appears in the early genealogies of Rome: he is the Welsh sea god and there is no doubt that the use of his name here will be interpreted as a claim to more than human descent. By the submittor's own documentation, which indicates that Manannan mac Lir of Irish tradition and Manawydan ap Llyr of Welsh myth are the same person, that the intent is to claim descent from Lir/Llyr. There can be no doubt that Llyr, as he appears in the Mabinogion is described sometimes in terms that would suit a Mabinogion mortal king, as is Beli, but it is equally clear that such heroes as Bran, son of Llyr and grandson of Beli, are not really considered as of wholly human descent. The supranatural overtones of the name are only reinforced by the use of the given name "Emrys" which is applied to Merlin in the Mabinogion as one of the Welsh names applied to Merlin.

James Colin MacLochlen. Name only.

Conflict with the Reverend Colin MacLachlan who was notorious of the leading role he played in the slaughter of the Lamonts in 1648 (Moncreiffe, The Highland Clans, p. 160).

Kikuchi Tsurunaga. Name only.

Monsho indicates that the given name is not properly formed since the given names beginning in "tsuru" (crane) never seem to end in an element like "naga". At least one member of the College also thought the assonance with the Shogun "Toranaga" of was uncomfortably close to western ears.

Margery Coulano de Tracey of Toddington. Device. Per bend gules and sable, on a bend Or in chief an escallop inverted sable.

Technical conflict with Paul of Bellatrix ("Sable, on a bend Or three compass stars palewise gules.").

Megwen Rhys-Gwynedd. Name and device. Vert, a daffodil sprig argent with two flowers Or.

The given name was stated on the letter of intent to be a Welsh variant of Margaret and the documentation provided by the submittor included an elaborate persona story to support a derivation from the English diminutive "Meg" with the Welsh adjective "Gwyn". Unfortunately, this is not the way Welsh names were formed. The Welsh form "Marared" (Margaret) would be feasible or, to preserve assonance, the name of the Welsh saint "Medwen" might be used. The hyphenated last name is not period Welsh practise. It should also be noted that, if a grammatically appropriate form of the patronymic such as "ferch Rhys Gwynedd" were used, it might suggest that she were claiming to be the daughter of a prince of Gwynedd. (She will accept absolutely no changes to her name.) The device conflicts with Barbara of Levedia, registered in November, 1987 ("Argent, on a pile ployé throughout vert, a daffodil, slipped and leaved, argent.").

Mhoireagh of Mucky Heath. Name only.

Both the letter of intent and the submittor's documentation state that the given name is a Gaelic alternate spelling of the submittor's mundane family name of Murray. Unfortunately, there are two problems with this. The first is that the Scots Gaelic form for Murray appears to be "Moireabh". The second, and more important, is that Murray is a place name of origin (from the territory of Murray or Moray, as in the "Bonnie Earl of Moray") which has only been used as a given name in very recent times.

Nisse Godreng. Name only.

Although the given name was stated to be a Scandinavian name, meaning "good elf", it is in fact the common noun in modern Norwegian for a goblin (Marm and Sommerfelt, Norwegian: A practical course for beginners and students, p. 170). As such, practical course for beginners and students considerably better support would be necessary for the use of the given name than the "baby name book" provided. Additionally, there was no documentation for "Godreng" meaning "good fellow" in Norwegian. In any case, taken together with the given name, for some commentors it created entirely too strong a suggestion of a Norwegian Robin Goodfellow.

Ragnvald Joransson Ek. Device. Quarterly argent and lozengy gules and argent, in bend two pairs of oak leaves pilewise, fructed, vert, overall a fillet cross sable.

This fails by the accumulation of too many anomalies. Despite the attenuated cross, this clearly looks like quartering (the impression is the greater since the Germanic nations commonly superimpose a cross on the line of division of their grand quarters). What is more, as Obelisk rightly notes, it quarters the arms of Monaco in the second and third quarters! The fillet cross here is perilously close to "thin line heraldry" and, as Brachet notes, the foliage could be mistaken by the casual observer for a laurel wreath.

Tygart of Toddington. Name only.

The submittor stated that the given name was compounded from two Old English common nouns. Neither element is part of the usual Old English name stock and the name is not formed properly for a given name. The name is, however, very close to the period family name of "Tegart", an occupation name for a shepherd, which could be used with a given name added. Alternately, he could use the documented period name "Tigar" (from Old German "Thiodger").

Ygraine la Libra. Name and device. Azure, semy of dolphins embowed argent.

You cannot claim to be an astrological sign, which is what this name does. Although she allows us to change the name to give the meaning she wants (that of someone born under the sign of Libra), we are somewhat puzzled as to how to do this, since one's sign was not usually a part of one's name in period. (Indeed, in some cultures information about the date of one's birth was kept from public knowledge as it would allow astrologers for one's enemies to plan hostile action.) The device conflicts with James ("Azure, a dolphin embowed argent.").

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Beatrix von Wertenberg. Device. Sable, a saltire gules, fimbriated argent, overall a lion queue fourchy rampant to sinister Or.

There are several problems with this device. First of all, the foreparts of the lion are dismembered and the hindparts not, in a distinctly non-period manner. Secondly, although the miniature emblason does not reveal this, the argent banding of the saltire criss-crosses at the centre of the saltire so that the saltire is distinctly filled or voided not as the original blazon has it. In fact, what you appear to have is "Sable, a saltire gules surmounted by another parted and fretted argent, overall. . .". This is not period style and forms excessive layering. Unfortunately, if the saltire is drawn properly fimbriated, it is then visually in conflict with Brak of the Eagle's Eyrie ("Sable, a saltire gules, fimbriated and overall an eagle's sinister wing argent.").

Catalina de Almería y Tiermas. Device. Sable, a fly agaric mushroom proper between four escallops Or (Amanita muscaria).

As the mushroom is capped gules, this violates the rule of tincture. It is also technically in conflict with William MacBruithin the Wilde ("Sable, a sharpened wooden stake bendwise sinister surmounted by a mushroom proper (Laecaria ochesopurpurea)."

Cerridwen ni Morna. Device. Argent, two unicorns combattant sable and on a point pointed sable, a harp Or.

Conflict with Robert of the Mountains ("Per chevron Or and sable, two pegasi salient respectant and a tower counterchanged."). In appearance this is a variant of a field "per chevron argent and sable" (in fact, this is how White Stag blazoned it) charged with a group of three charges, which diminishes the amount of difference that can be derived from the changes to the equines and the change of type in the charge in base.

Drogo de Lac du Bourget. Device. Sable, two gussets argent and in chief three estoiles Or.

Conflict with Coningham ("Sable, two gussets argent."), cited on the letter of intent. Although White Stag blazoned the gussets as "debased", long Society precedent indicates there is no such heraldic charge (gussets themselves are a bit controversial as a period charge). If the gussets are drawn properly, as they must be, this is in conflict since only a single major point of difference can be derived from addition of a group of secondary charges.

Elisheva bat Simon Halevi. Device. Or, a lion sejant gules, maintaining in upraised paw a pitcher azure.

This device was returned in February, 1985, for conflict with Giles of Lennox ("Or, a domestic cat sejant, paw extended, sable."). The gist of the appeal is that the differences between the cat and lion are so significant heraldically that they constitute a strong minor point of difference (most notably, that the posture of the tail is distinctly different for a lion and a cat) and that the ewer is a secondary charge and its addition should be equivalent to at least a strong minor point of difference. Unfortunately, the consensus of the College was that the present state of the rules, which would rate the ewer as a tertiary with diminished weight, is correct. Moreover, the posture of the two beasts is essentially identical (the tail posture is not generally heraldically significant) and the distinction between a lion and a domestic cat under current rules can be no more than a minor point of difference. This does not seem to be adequate difference under our current rules.

Hawkyn Fitzgerad. Device. Per bend sinister azure and argent, a sun in its splendour and a double-headed hawk displayed, wings inverted, counterchanged.

Conflict with Airbertach Deoraidh ("Per bend sinister argent and azure, two eagles displayed counterchanged.").

Laeriel Fayrehale. Device. Per fess embattled argent and azure, a dexter tierce counterchanged.

Conflict with Ruy d'Oute ("Argent, the dexter tierce azure, in canton a wheel Or."). While a major point is derived from counterchanging along the line of division, only a minor point can be derived from the subtraction of the tertiary charge on Ruy's device.

Outlands, Kingdom of. Title for Montrose Herald.

This is directly in conflict with a period heraldic title from the English College of Arms, as White Stag himself notes on the letter of intent. Heraldic titles are registered independently of the status of the position (thus it would be theoretically possible to have White Stag Pursuivant, White Stag Herald, White Stag Herald Extraordinary or White Stag Principal Herald). Therefore no difference can be derived from the rank descriptor.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Diarmid O Lorcain. Name only.

The name was submitted as Diarmid Ui Lorcain with the note that this was the Old Gaelic form of O'Larkin. This does not seem to be the case. It is rather the genitive singular form of the patronymic, used to indicate possession by someone with that patronymic, or the plural nominative, used in many old sources for the clan in a collective sense (i.e., the equivalent of English usage of "the O'Larkins"). Since he permitted no minor changes to the name, the name had technically to be returned.

Finn O Lochlainn. Device. Per saltire and per fess vert and argent, a roundel counterchanged.

Unfortunately, it was the consensus of commentary in the College that the proposed device did conflict with William Gordon of York ("Per pale sable and argent, a roundel counterchanged."): the most difference that can be derived under the current rules is a major and a minor point of difference.

Khaalid al Jaraad. Change of name from Ambrose of Barduin.

Unfortunately, no meaning was given for the byname and without some idea of the meaning, it is impossible for the members of the College to decide if the name would be in conflict with any of the important historical Khalids.

Khulan Terlea. Device. Argent, a wolf statant, head raised, sable and in chief a sword fesswise gules.

Conflict with Walsalle, cited on the letter of intent ("Argent, a wolf statant sable."). The difference derived from raising the head is negligible.

PENDING:

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Sian ferch Rhys. Device. Per chevron argent and azure, two mermaids in their vanity proper, crined sable, and an escallop argent.

The tincture of the portion of the field on which the escallop lies was omitted from the letter of intent. This has been pended until the March meeting to allow the College to check properly for conflicts.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Stephen Calvert of Arundale. Name and device. Paly of six Or and sable, a chevron counterchanged, in chief three crosses couped gules.

This submission combined a number of allusions to the Calverts, the founding family of Maryland, which some thought might pass the acceptable. The Society Shire of Arindale is very firmly in the original land grant made to the first Calvert Baron Baltimore. Moreover, the basic design of the device is a variation of the Calvert arms as quartered by the Barons Baltimore and hence, in modern times, by the State of Maryland (even unto their license plates!). In this case there is a bend instead of the Calvert chevron, but the basic visual effect is similar. There is clearly an intent to play upon the allusions to the Calverts. We have pended this until the March meeting to allow the College to decide whether the allusions are indeed excessive.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Outlands, Kingdom of. Title for Gimlet Pursuivant.

This is a direct translation of and would seem to conflict with the title for the Wimble Pursuivant, registered to the Outlands in September, 1987. Whilst it is perfectly possible for the Kingdom to give itself permission to conflict, this appears to be an inadvertent duplication of titles. We await a clarification from White Stag on the intention of the Outlands.

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