March 1988 LoAR

19 MARCH XXII (1988)

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE APPROVED:

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

Ailith ferch Dafydd. Name and device. Azure, a pall between a Celtic cross and two unicorns combattant argent.

Andrew Selwyn. Name and device. Vert, two stags passant counterpassant within a bordure rayonny argent.

Athelwulf Wulfsson. Device. Lozengy couped in fess Or and gules, a wolf sejant within a bordure sable. The letter of intent used an unnecessarily complex blazon for the field: "barry bendy bendy sinister". Compline suggested calling it "triangly" and will, I am sure be glad to hear that it is not a modern Society construct but in fact the French term for the field, which is illustrated in at least one standard text: Woodward, A Treatise on Heraldry, pp. 100101. As we have a prejudice for an English blazon where one is available, we have opted to use the blazon which Woodward uses for the arms of Gise which appear on Plate VIII.

Bastion de la Frontière, Shire of. Name only.

Branwen filia Marci. Device (see RETURNS for name appeal). Azure, a raven volant argent between three acorns slipped and leaved and a demi-sun issuant from base Or. Please ask her to draw the bird larger so we can tell it is the primary charge.

Brian of Loch Solleir. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, on a pile dovetailed sable between two trefoils slipped azure, a stag's head caboshed argent. The submission was made under the name Brian mac Chael ui Cennéidigh.

Caitlin níc hEóghain ó Kincorraigh. Name only. The name was submitted as Ceithlionn ní hEóghain ó Kincorraigh. The given name was documented only through a glossary entry from Cross and Slover's Ancient Irish Tales as name of the wife of the Fomorian chief Balor who herself is stated to have fought at Moytura and wounded the Dagda. As far as we have been able to determine this is a unique legendary name, so we have substituted the documented given name "Caitlin", since the submittor allowed "any changes" to her name.

Cheryl de Scotia. Name only. Her mundane given name is Cheryl.

Clare Margaret di Cuneo. Name only.

Corina Inés Martín Durand. Name only. Although all name elements are documented by the submittor from specifically out-of-period exemplars (the two volumes used are Woods, Hispanic First Names: A Comprehensive Dictionary of 250 Years of Mexican-American Usage and Woods and Alvarez-Altman, Spanish Surnames in the Southwestern United States), all elements are otherwise documented from period Spanish. "Corina" is the usual Spanish form of the name of the ancient Greek poetess, Corinna.

Cormac mac Ronain. Holding name and device. Sable, a dexter hand appaumy fesswise argent, a chief raguly Or. The submitted form of the name was Cormac mac Ronan. As he appeared to allow formation of a holding name, but not grammatical changes (the intent was not entirely clear), we have "cheated" a bit in making the holding name consist of the submitted name with the proper genitive for the patronymic.

Donnchad McDonell. Name only.

Douglas Starwolf. Name only.

Elizabeth Dabernoune. Name only.

Ellisena de Bayonne. Device. Or, a winged sea-dragon erect vert and on a chief gules a cross crosslet fleury concave argent.

Haldana Jensdottir de Baliol. Device. Azure, a decrescent and on a sinister tierce dovetailed argent three escallops inverted azure. The tincture of the crescent and tierce were omitted from the original letter of intent but was assumed by the commentors and clearly stated in a letter from Obelisk dated 18 February so there seemed no need to "pend" the submission. Note that this is rather unbalanced and not the best style: it will inevitably be mistaken for a field "per pale dovetailed" drawn by an off-balance artist.

Hrothgar of Brunanburh. Name only. Brunanburh was the site of the battle in 937 where King Athelstand defeated a large force under King Olaf of Dublin.

Jocea Anne Gallowglass. Name and device. Per chevron argent and sable, two domestic cats sejant guardant addorsed and a decrescent counterchanged.

Karina des Pensées. Change of name from Karina des Pensées Pures and device. Purpure, in pale a unicorn courant argent, gorged vert, and a plate, all within a bordure Or.

Katrina Marie di Monteleone. Name only. The name was submitted as Katrina Marie de Monteleone. As the place name is in Italian, the preposition has been modified to match.

Kieran ni Dhonnchadha. Name only. The name was submitted as Kieran nic Donnchada. As the submittor allowed, we have modified the patronymic to the proper form. Although cross-gender forms have been accepted for years in the Society, they are usually self-consistent (i.e., a masculine name will usually have masculine modifiers even if the person who bears it is feminine). The submittor probably should be informed that in period Irish the application of the feminine form of the patronymic to a masculine name would have been something of an insult, used to indicate a man of less than manly habits by the standards of the period. It would be less disconcerting if she were to use the masculine form "mac Donnchadha" or were to use an Irish feminine name with a similar sound like Ciar or Cairenn (the latter included in her documentation).

Lucienne Isabeau d'Orléans. Name only.

Martin Hart of Wells. Name and device. Vert, a stag's head cabossed within a mascle, all within a bordure argent.

Odette de Burgh. Name and device. Argent, a cup and on a chief indented azure, a sun in his splendour Or.

Olaf of Kharkov. Name and device. Per chevron sable and argent, in pale a compass star argent and a ram's head, affronty and couped at the shoulders, azure, armed gules, between in fess two axes, palewise and blades to center, argent. This pushes at the outer limits for acceptable complexity and would be vastly improved if the head were sable and one of the other types of charge were removed.

Pedran Glamorgan. Change of holding name from Brian of Glamorgan. The name was submitted as Pendran Glamorgan with the note that this form appeared on p. 78 of Gruffudd. In fact, the form that appears is Pedran and the extra "n" would not appear since this is a diminutive form of "Pedr" (Peter) which is documented in period.

Revekka Alexandrovna Dobriye Ruki. Change of blazon. Per fess wavy argent and sable, two feathers in chevron inverted, crossed at their tips, azure and a candlestick argent, the candle enflamed Or.

Rhodri ap Gwythyr. Name only. Morgan and Morgan (Welsh Surnames, p. 119) give several examples of Gwythyr from historical records and note that it is unusual in retaining the initial "g".

Roderick Saxton. Name only.

Stevyn Luttrell Bowyer. Name and device. Argent, a bend sinister wavy sable between a bow and arrow crossed in saltire and a stag statant to sinister gules.

Tarl Godric the Brokentoe. Device. Per pale azure and vert, a stag's head, erased and affronty, between three wolves courant in annulo Or. Note that the head here is not "cabossed" since the neck is distinctly visible and erased.

Thessala de Lyons. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The given name is uncomfortably close to the geographic name Thessalia (an area in Greece) and, despite the clue on the letter of intent, we were unable to find a version of the early French romance Huon of Bordeaux which included a servant called Thessala. However, the name "Thessalus" is not uncommon in the classical Greek world and the name "Thessala" itself appears in a number of Latin inscriptions as the name of a feminine slave (presumably one of Greek origin).

Thomas of Tenby. Device. Per fess sable, semy of sparks argent, and argent, a pale counterchanged, overall a martlet displayed gules. The submittor has done some real research in finding a uniquely period sort of semy and should not be penalized simply because it is not defined in all of our standard references. The term is in French estencelé and is clearly described with sources in Brault's Early Blazon, pp. 197198 as well as in an article in Coat of Arms (1952). It is clear from the period sources that it was relatively uncommon (one source would make a particularly Norman usage) and, while it varied somewhat in form, most commonly was depicted as three dots painted one and two (rather like an ermine spot without the tail!).

William Miesko. Name and device. Per chevron potenty argent and purpure, two bears rampant addorsed, the dexter maintaining a cross, the sinister maintaining a rose sable, slipped and leaved vert, in base a tree, blasted and eradicated, argent. The submission was made under the name William Miesko w Ladislas. It was stated that Ladislas is the name of a city in Poland and that "w" means "of". However, the usual preposition of place in Polish is "z". Furthermore, Ladislas is normally a given name in Poland (the name of several Polish kings) and the only documentation given to support its use as a place name was a page number from a book whose author was not cited and which therefore could not be checked. As a result we have dropped the byname to register the name and device. This device would be a lot better if the bears were not holding the "frou-frou".

William of Dover. Name and device. Sable, a chevron inverted gules, fimbriated, between three goblets argent. Please ask him to draw the fimbriation wider so it is clearly visible: fimbriation should never be reduced to the point that it becomes merely delineation and the ordinary fimbriated is in fact colour on colour!

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Adrienne d'Avenay. Name and device. Azure, three scarpes abased and in dexter chief an eagle rising, wings elevated and addorsed, maintaining in its sinister talon three annulets, interlaced one and two, Or. The submission was made under the name of Adrienne d'Avengué. As Crescent has noted, qué does not seem to form compounds as the second element of the word. French equivalents of such formations as English Oxford seem to have the "ford" placed first: Guéméné, Guérande and Guérigny, for example. As the submittor indicated that she was interested in preserving the sound, but would allow changes in spelling and meaning, we have substituted the similarly pronounced "Avenay", the name of a small town in northern France.

Ælric Farrider. Name and device. Plumetty gules and Or, a bend sinister counter-ermine.

Alina of Ierne. Name and device. Argent, on a bend rayonny gules between an increscent and a decrescent vert a sword argent. The name was submitted as Aliena of Ierne. The documentation indicated that the given name was derived from the alias selected assumed by Celia in Shakespeare's As You Like It. Unfortunately, as Lion's Blood has pointed out, this nom d'exile is specifically indicated to be invented to be suitable for the purpose of the play: "something that hath a reference to my state: No longer Celia but Aliena". Aliena is the Latin feminine for a stranger, an exile, one not recognized by one's own kin and country (the source of the modern English term "alien") and was probably never used as a given name in period. As the submittor indicated she would accept corrections, we have substituted the nearly identically pronounced period given name Alina which appears in England as early as the twelfth century. Several commentors made note of an apparent disparity between the place name usage and the given name: actually both are period Latin usage (Strabo and others derived this "scholarly" spelling for the name of Ireland from the Greek, but it is still cognate with the more familiar Latin form "Hibernia".) Since Alina is the form of Aline used in formal (usually Latin) documents, the name is still consistent.

Andra of Northeton. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, two swords inverted in saltire, surmounted by a sword palewise proper, overall a unicorn's head erased Or. The submission was made under the name of Anthea of Northeton. Note that this is as close as you can get to the mundane arms of Norton ("Azure, three swords one in pale point upwards surmounted of the other two in saltire points downwards argent.") without actually conflicting. There is a relatively weak minor point for the partial change in tincture of the swords and a strong major point for the addition of the unicorn's head. At least one commentor felt that the addition of the charge overall was automatically sufficient difference from a mundane device under AR18a ("The addition or removal of the primary charge or charges constitutes sufficient difference between a submission and mundane or fictional arms."). After much consideration we have come to the conclusion that this is not the case: at the time this rule was promulgated, the intention was to allow automatic difference in cases where period (and modern) heraldic practice would not perceive cadency. Thus a Society device which bore "Azure, a unicorn's head Or, between three swords palewise proper." would not conflict with "Azure, three swords palewise proper." because period heralds would perceive a potential cadet relationship not with the mundane coat cited, but with "Azure, a unicorn's head Or.". In the case of a charge added overall, the same situation does not exist: mundane heraldry does in fact indicate cadency by adding a charge overall, so the (probably intentional) cadet relationship between this device and the arms of Norton would be immediately identified by a competent herald.

Anne d'Avignon. Name only.

Aurelia the Undaunted. Device. Papellonny sable and Or, a unicorn's head, erased and sinister facing, nose lifted to sinister chief, within a bordure argent.

Blanche de Calais. Name and device. Per bend vert and azure, in chevron two horseshoes, interlaced and with points to chief, Or.

Bonnie of Madrone. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, a pegasus salient affronty, wings displayed, within a bordure embattled argent. The submission was made under the name of Lynne the Farrover.

Brenainn MacCúUladh. Name only.

Briaroak, Shire of. Name only.

Cassandra Wineday of Newingate. Name and device. Vairy purpure and Or, four piles issuant from sinister conjoined in dexter chief argent.

Daegar Fairhair. Name only. Although this submission was documented only from the index of the Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum (the actual passages would have been far more useful!), the formation of the given name is a good example of a constructed name which uses Old English name elements in a plausible manner, combining a documented protheme and a documented deuterotheme in a reasonable manner. Note that the presence of the "g" from the deuterotheme preserves the value of the ash in the protheme (unlike "Celdae", where there is no following consonant to prevent a change of its quality).

Dragon's Laire, Shire of. Change of name from Shire of Dragon's Lair.

Eilidh nic Alpin of Dunollie. Change of device. Purpure, a shuttle bendwise sinister Or within an orle of Celtic crosses argent.

Garick Köpke. Name only. The given name was "documented" by Loughead, who is not the most reliable of sources. It immediately conjured up images of the eighteenth century actor David Garrick and in fact did not appear in Withycombe, Yonge, etc. which caused some concern. However, Olof von Feilitzen (The Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 258) shows "gar" as a protheme in "Garwine" and "ric" is a common Old English deuterotheme so the given name is a reasonable period given name. Xeroxes of various German biographical and geneological sources documented the family name as early as 1531.

Ian of Three Mountains. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per fess wavy azure and barry wavy Or and vert, a fish-tailed seagull close to sinister argent, winged sable, and in chief three gouttes argent. The submission was made under the name Ian Jameson de Comyn.

Jason of Rosaria. Badge for the Bear and Tankard Tavern. Vert, a demi-bear rampant Or maintaining a tankard argent, issuant of flames proper.

Jörg Siggeirsson. Name and device. Gules, a standing balance, arm bendwise, and a chief potenty argent.

Jürgen Mumm. Name and device. Gyronny of six Or and chequy argent and sable, three chrysanthemums in pall, stems to center, purpure, slipped and leaved vert.

Katheryn de Gonneville. Name and device. Gules, on a heart Or between three crosses in fess, couped and fitched at the foot, argent and a goutte d'eau, a heart gules. This submission pushes hard at the limits of period style: the general consensus of the commentary was that this submission would be much improved if the heart were metallic with no superimposed colour and all the secondary charges were of one type.

Malcolm of Hibernia. Device. Vert, a falcon's head erased within a bordure Or.

Matthew Hemesdal. Name only.

Matthew of Friar's Manor. Name and badge. Three nails bound into the shape of a cross, one palewise, the others fesswise, points to center, sable, bound with a cord Or.

Meredith of the White Cliffs. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Nikolai Gornych. Name and device. Argent, a rose gules, slipped and leaved vert, surmounted on the stem by a double-bitted axe blade, all within a bordure sable. The name was submitted as Nicholai Gornych. As the original submission had the correct Russian form "Nikolai" and the submittor gave permission for spelling corrections, we have amended the name accordingly.

Pegasus Devona. Badge. Gules, a pegasus couped at the breast, wings elevated and addorsed, argent.

Rioghbhardan MacInnes the Lame. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Rioghbhardan MacInis the Lame. As no documentation was provided to support the use of the word for island as a patronymic and the submittor allowed corrections, we have modified the surname. Note that since the given name is well-documented in actual use in early period Ireland, it may be used even though its meaning involves a title (i.e. royal bard) as long as it is not used in conjunction with a territorial modifier or charges which are associated with the rank involved.

Tangwen ferch Arial ap Tangwen Haakonarstadir. Name and device. Per fess azure and sable, a dove statant, wings elevated and addorsed, between in pale two hawk's bells argent. The name was submitted as Tangwen ap Arial ferch Tangwen Haakonarstadir. Since the submittor allowed grammatical corrections, we have corrected the patronymic particles: ("ap" follows a masculine name, "ferch" a feminine name).

Tess Ella of Silvershadow. Badge. A swan's head erased Or, mulletty gules, in its beak a sun argent.

Thorik Sigurdsson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ulf Tonn Bjarnarson Haakonarstadir. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Ulf Tonn Bjornsson Haakonarstadir. As the submittor indicated that he wished an Old Norse name and gave permission for grammatical corrections, we have modified the patronymic to use the correct Old Norse genitive form for Bjorn.

Ulric Fredricson. Name and device. Sable, a tyger statant Or within an orle of crescents argent. The name was submitted as Ulric Fredricson in-Nimir. We have dropped the byname to register the name and device because of two problems. Firstly, as Obelisk noted, the written form of the article in period Arabic is generally "al", even where local dialects assimilate the "l" sound to the following consonant. The document provided (from A Basic Course in Gulf Arabic) gave no evidence that the pronunciation "in" is in fact reflected in orthography (all the symbols used are the linguist's pronunciation symbols rather than Arabic letters) nor that this usage prevailed in period. Such evidence would be less important if it were not for the fact that "Nimir" is the name of the distinctly non-human villain of Susan Dexter's Calandra series, a name drawn from the world of Old Norse myth (and the masculine article in Old Norse is, of course, "inn" or "in").

Wastekeep, Barony of. Name for Award of the Blasted Tree (see RETURNS for badge).

Wilhelm von Westfalen. Badge. Six swords conjoined in annulo proper.

Wilhelm von Westfalen. Badge. Argent, a horse's head erased sable within a bordure sable, semy of annulets Or.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Alan Quentin Garretson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Althea the Healer. Name and device. Pre chevron inverted argent and azure, in pale a periwinkle proper and a mortar and pestle argent.

Aoibheal de la Belle Ame. Name and device. Purpure, a peacock pavanated to base between in chief two hearts, all within a bordure argent. The name was submitted as Aoibheal de Belle Ame. As the submittor allowed grammatical corrections, we have provided the missing article to give the meaning she desired.

Deirdre of Hope's Dale. Device. Gules, a seahorse, erect and sinister facing, and a base wavy Or.

Jeremea Gerber. Device. Vair, upon a fess azure, a two-handled currier's knife argent.

Katherine Campbell. Name only.

Magnus Malleus. Name only (see PENDING for device).

Manfred von Ravensburg. Name and device. Per bend sable and Or, three roses in bend between in bend sinister a sun and a raven close, all counterchanged.

Matthew the Taylor's Son. Name and device. Azure, two lions rampant, addorsed and respectant, Or, on a chief erminois an increscent azure. The name was submitted as Matthew, the taylor's son and the orthography and punctuation have been corrected to proper name formation.

KINGDOM OF CAID

Brandan Rudd Eriksen. Name and device. Per pale Or and sable, two flames voided and a chalice counterchanged. The form "Brandanus" or the vernacular form "Brandane" is documented in German from the thirteenth and fourteenth century (Mulch, Arnsburger Personnamen: Untersuchungen zum Namenmaterial aus Arnsburger Urkunden vom 13. - 16. Jahrhundert, pp. 32 and 46). Crescent's arguments that flames should be an exception to the general rule on voiding or fimbriating complex objects, since flames proper are by definition "voided' gules or Or, seems compelling.

Chlöe Aubre Duclair. Name and device. Sable, a spiderweb and on a chief argent three spiders sable. Crescent is correct when he states that this device is technically clear of the badge for the Order of Arachne's Web ("Sable, a spiderweb argent.") but it caused concern to a significant number of commentors. In fairness to the submittor, it might be suggested that changing the argent portions of the device to Or would remove the potential for misunderstanding without really affecting the design or its significance.

Dietrich von Vogelsang. Change of blazon. Per bend sinister argent and azure, two crosses formy counterchanged.

Duncan Gallowglass. Name only.

Ivon of Darkforest. Spelling correction. The given name was "normalized" to Ivan when this was registered in January, 1988.

Johannes von Bern. Name and device. Sable, a fess erminois, in chief two bears passant addorsed Or, breathing flames of fire proper.

Juliana Greyfern Kindlehurst of Clowderhome. Name and device. Vert, in bend sinister three pawprints bendwise sinister and in dexter chief a cat sejant to sinister, forepaw raised, all within a bordure argent. Please ask the submittor to draw a wider bordure than that which appeared on the emblazon sheet.

Morgan Arthur ap Llewellyn. Transfer of name and badge for Caer Llewellyn from Rhyance Llew ap Llewellyn; change of badge. Per fess sable and vert, a tower between in fess two bear's pawprints palewise Or. The previous badge for Caer Llewellyn ("Azure, in pale a harp seal pup couchant guardant to sinister proper resting on a bar argent and in base a bottlenosed dolphin embowed proper.") is released.

Steinsee, Canton of. Name and device. Per chevron gules, semy of flames Or, and Or, in base a flame gules within a laurel wreath, all within a bordure sable.

Thomas of Billingham. Name only.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Sian ferch Rhys. Device. Per chevron argent and azure, two mermaids in their vanity proper, crined sable, and an escallop argent. This submission was pended from the December meeting to allow for further comment because of an error in the blazon on the letter of intent.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Adrian of Saint Clair. Name only.

Alice Gardener. Change of name from Amod Godwin.

Brian of Leichester. Name only. (see RETURNS for device).

Brighid Duflaidd. Name and device. Or, a wolf courant to sinister sable between five mullets, three and two, vert. The name was submitted as Brighid Dublaidd. Sources would suggest that the adjective would normally follow the noun. However, according to Brachet, there is a formation known as a "proper compound" in Welsh in which the normal word order is inverted in forming the compound with the second element always mutated, no matter what its gender. In this case the initial "b" of "blaidd" would mutate to "f" (which is pronounced as a "v").

Ciara of Trawsfynydd. Name and device. Per chevron dovetailed sable and gules, two compass stars Or and a double-flowered thistle argent.

Darius of Hidden River. Name only.

Dmitri Bluestone. Badge for Household Arrow's Rest. Argent, a staff raguly, fitched at the foot, within a bordure gules.

Duncorlach, Borough of. Name and badge. Gules, a pall wavy, in chief a tower argent. The name was submitted as Dunchorloch. On the letter of intent Brigantia suggested this as a corruption of "Dun Tearlach" or a variant of "Duncorloch", stating the latter to mean "tower on the loch". Neither derivation is firmly rooted in Gaelic syntax and morphology and we were unable to find any documentation to support the existence of "Duncorloch" with or without the meaning cited. Since the paperwork permitted changes to the name, we have used the closest sounding Gaelic construct we could find. Note that the use of "Borough" for a quasi-geographic non-official entity in the East is a very old usage, predating by a number of years the registration of the badge for the Borough of South Banke in May, 1981. While in some ways similar to the official "college" which developed on the West Coast in that it is frequently located in an educational institution, its structure is more similar to that of a guild or household. It is intended to be an entity in itself, not an "incipient shire" (while most such groupings have been small, a couple have had enough members to qualify for barony status at the time).

East Kingdom. Title for Badger Herald.

East Kingdom. Title for Bruin Pursuivant. Note that the use of "bruin" applied to a bear dates back at least to Caxton's Reynard, according to the OED.

East Kingdom. Title for Cattail Pursuivant.

East Kingdom. Title for Chanticleer Herald.

East Kingdom. Title for Posthorn Pursuivant.

East Kingdom. Title for Rising Raven Pursuivant.

East Kingdom. Title for Standard Pursuivant.

George Emerson True. Badge. Argent, on a lozenge palewise throughout purpure, a winged lion rampant guardant to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, argent.

Harald Helstorm. Name and device. Sable, a dragon's head, couped close and sinister facing, Or within a bordure argent, semy of roses sable.

Horic Grarvargr Caithnes. Badge. Argent, a hound passant coward within an annulet of chain sable.

Juliana da Mestre. Name only. The name was submitted as Julleran da Mestre. Brigantia's letter indicated the name was formed with the suffix "-eran" on the basis of Latin "Julia", citing as analogues "Joceran" and "Waleran". However, no documentation was given for either analogous form. As it happens, we have found "Waleran" as a normal Flemish form of "Valerian" and it is clear that the "eran" in that case is not a separable suffix. Brigantia indicated that this should be considered as a hardship case and "judged under the naming rules in force at that time", but we were unable to do so since no chronological history of the submission was provided.

Katerina de los Puntos. Name and device. Argent, an eye sable and a point pointed pommetty gules. This is really poor style.

Kiera Lann Haden. Name only.

Laura della Francesca. Name and device. Purpure, a lyre argent and a chief potenty argent, ermined purpure.

Matthias Sean Cameron. Name and device. Per bend gules and Or, a lion rampant sable within a bordure engrailed azure.

Michael Dennison of Alnwick. Name and device. Azure, a snowflake between two dragon's heads addorsed, necks conjoined in base, and a chief embattled argent.

Olivia Andrea a'Bheithir. Name and device. Sable, a tree issuant from a mount argent, in chief a plate between an increscent and a decrescent, all within a bordure argent. This is scenic and almost too reminiscent of the "Old Religion" (Monsho believed it was actually the logo of a Neo-Pagan group but could not provided a sample or specific citation). Please ask her to draw the bordure wider.

Patrick Ravensclaw. Name only.

Paul Wickenden of Thanet. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Phillip of the Golden Stag. Name only.

Rosamund von Schwyz. Name and device. Argent, a popinjay vert within an orle of fleurs-de-lys purpure.

Roxanne of Hidden River. Name only.

Ruiseart MacLennan of Kintail. Name only.

Sian Surrey. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Thora Sharptooth. Name only.

Torin Ertheshert. Name and device. Sable, a heart pily bendwise sinister gules and argent within an orle of annulets Or. The byname is not Old English as stated on the letter of intent: it is in fact a late Middle English formation.

Torin Ertheshert. Badge for House Ertheshert. Sable, a heart pily bendwise sinister gules and argent.

Yllaria de Lyra. Name only.

KINGDOM OF THE MIDDLE

Aodhan MacCoinnigh. Release of name. The name, registered in February, 1987, has been released at the submittor's specific request.

Owen atte Thorn. Blazon Correction. Argent, a European Eagle Owl proper (Bubo bubo), perched on a thorn branch within an orle vert. When this was registered in August, 1987, a bordure was accidentally substituted for the orle.

Rivenwood Tower, Shire of. Spelling correction. When registered in November, 1987, this was erroneously spelled Riverwood Tower.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Outlands, Kingdom of. Title for Gimlet Pursuivant. This was pended from the December meeting to allow clarification from White Stag as to whether this was intended to be registered in addition to the title of Wimble Pursuivant or instead of the previously registered title. He has indicated that two separate titles were desired.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Aletheia Dilwyn Floutere. Name and device. Purpure, four dolphins naiant in annulo argent. The name was submitted as Aletheia Delwyn Floutere. As all our sources indicate that the use of "Delwyn" is a modern usage (Dunkling and Gosling, p. 99, indicates that it only dates from the 1920's), we have substituted the toponymic name "Dilwyn", from a period Welsh village near Hay.

Annabell of Riverhaven. Name only.

Berengaria de Montfort of Carcassonne. Transfer of badge for House of the Singing Phoenix from Hirsch von Henford. Per chevron Or and azure, two garden roses gules, slipped in saltire vert, and issuant from base a phoenix Or, enflamed proper.

Bianca del Coniglio. Change of name from holding name of Bianca of Dismal Fogs.

Blessed Herman the Cripple, College of. Device. Per pale Or and argent, a closed book palewise, spine to dexter, gules, clasped and charged with a laurel wreath Or, all within a bordure embattled azure.

Bridget of Ashbury. Name only.

Ceridwen o Fachynlleth. Name and device. Argent, a griffin segreant and on a chief gules, three crescents argent.

Constancia Luiza de Almada. Name and device. Chequy purpure and argent, a lion's face jessant-de-lys and in chief three crescents Or. Please ask the submittor to draw all the charges larger!

Elffin of Mona. Device. Vert, an annulet rayonny on the outer edge argent and in chief a sword fesswise proper.

Elisia Castel of Dragonmoor. Name and device. Or, in saltire two garden roses gules, slipped and leaved, vert, on a chief embattled gules, three escallops inverted Or.

Elrik Thurstan Gerewolf. Name and device. Ermine, a three-headed wolf sejant affronty, the outer heads addorsed, sable.

Encinal, Riding of. Name only.

Eric of Stormwind. Name only.

Gwendolyn of Castle Court. Device. Argent, a quatrefoil knot interlaced with an arrow palewise inverted azure. This was returned in July, 1987, for conflict with the tinctureless badge of Hugh ap Llewelyn ("An ankh interlaced with a quatrefoil knot."). Latimer has pointed out to us that all the badges of her late husband were released some time ago and this should not have been returned. Examination of the files showed that there was no notation of release on the emblazon sheet which was pulled for comparison: the notation had been made on a piece of correspondence tucked into the file and so was missed by the staff who pulled the emblazon at the time of the meeting. Our apologies to the submittor for any discomfort this "goof" may have cost her.

Hirsch von Henford. Change of device. Per pale Or and vert, two stag's heads erased respectant counterchanged.

Hirsch von Henford. Release of badge. Per bend sinister vert and Or, a stag's head erased counterchanged.

Ian of Loch Naver. Name and device. Paly and per saltire gules and ermine, on a chief Or two wings conjoined.

Kathleen of Kittens. Reblazon. Azure, in annulo four pairs of kittens couchant respectant, tails arched, argent, orbed azure. In the previous blazon, the cats were described at "sejant", which is incorrect: their posture is couchant.

Kirstan von Königsburg. Name and device. Azure, a swan naiant and in chief three mullets Or.

Lochac, Principality of. Name for the Order of the Iron Spoon.

Lucia die Näherin. Name and device. Argent, a chevron azure, cotised gules, between two needles threaded, points to base, and a pair of shears azure.

Michael the Farlander. Name and device. Purpure, a single-horned anvil argent, on a chief Or, three bunches of grapes purpure.

Riley of Golden Sand. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a bend sinister argent between three crescents Or and three mullets of six points argent, a base wavy Or. The submission was made under the name of Eraina of Golden Sand.

Robin the Ruthless in Battel. Name and device. Gules, a scorpion tergiant, maintaining in each pincer a heart, and in base within the curve of its tail another heart, all Or.

Steven Longshanks. Blazon correction. Per bend sinister wavy gules and argent, a comet bendwise sinister, head to chief, argent and on a heart gules, a rose argent. The line of division was incorrectly stated when this was registered in January, 1988.

Tomas Fitzsimon of Oxford. Device. Per chevron inverted gules and azure, in pale a cross bottonny gyronny argent and sable and a cup Or.

Vivienne of the Moon. Reblazon of device. Purpure, in pale a sprig of three lotus blossoms and a crescent argent.

West, Kingdom of. Title for Hund Pursuivant.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE RETURNED:

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

Branwen filia Marcus. Name only. Many commentors made note of the care with which the submittor had recourse to original source material in the preparation of her appeal and this is indeed commendable. Unfortunately, the distinction which she wishes to make between period Latin and medieval Latin in its use of the genitive with a patronymic indicator does not seem to be valid and is not in fact supported by her documentation. Working with parallel texts (i.e., with the English next to the Latin), the lady may not have realized that all the names which she cited are non-declinable names, generally borrowed from non-Romance languages (some Semitic, some Germanic, some Celtic). Even in classical and post-classical Latin, Semitic names which do not end in consonant vowel combinations which can be readily assimilated to Latin forms are regularly treated as non-declinable and therefore cannot appear in the genitive even in the "purest" sources. Thus even in sources which predate the Vulgate David and Ioseph are treated as indeclinable. When dealing with native German or Celtic names which, like the Semitic Ioseph or David, did not end in Latinate syllables, literate clerics of our period tended to do one of two things: either the noun remained in the original spelling (or as near to it as the Latin orthography allowed) in which case it remained indeclinable or a Latin suffix was appended (to form Iosephus and Davidus), but in the latter case the suffix was then declined to the appropriate case. By the latter medieval period the Latin case system had definitely fallen into disarray and, as was the case with French and German, had very nearly vanished from popular use (the simplified forms are the "dog Latin" to which you hear late period writers referring). However, as was the case with English, German and the Scandinavian languages, the possessive (i.e., genitive) was the last case to fall into disrepute and, in the case of Latin as with German, it never ceased to be used for this sort of construction. Note that all the examples were from non-Romance languages: there are none from the normally declinable vulgar languages, let alone from Latin itself and we cannot really ignore the fact that "Marcus" is Latin and at that a simple second declension Latin noun of the sort that was most familiar to even schoolboys in our period (and for some time after). Even in the passages provided by the submittor, this is the case. On the same page from Gildas as the cited indeclinable forms appear the declined forms "Annaniae filio" and "filius Ioiadae". Immediately before the genealogical passage from Nennius is a relationship reference to "mater Fausti sancti". All this having been said, however, after considerable searching through the Laurel library and Laurel's personal library, we may have found a way whereby the lady may preserve the essential sound of the name she desires while still following a documented period exemplar. According to Reaney, the Curia Regis Rolls for 1207 show one Rogerus filius Markes. In this case, the patronymic name is clearly an English genitive in "-es" (and incidentally demonstrates the sort of cross-cultural phrase formation that did occur although our current rules militate against its use in our Society). Perhaps this option could be suggested to the lady (we could not make this change to her registered name since she did not allow any changes to her appeal submission).

Brian mac Chael ui Cennéidigh. Name only. Unfortunately, the name seems to conflict with that of the Irish king Brian mac Cennéidigh, also known as Brian Boru.

Isabela del Bosque. Name and device. Vert, a lion couchant, on a chief arched Or, three crosses patoncy vert. In his letter of intent, Obelisk noted that "one of our Spanish speakers. . .says that the single "l" in Isabela is O.K. Unfortunately, no documentation was provided to support this statement. Since the consonants "l" and "ll" are distinct and can create differences of meaning in both Continental and American Spanish (in the latter it even has devolved to a "y" sound rather than a liquid), some documentation for the change seemed advisable. The device is visually in conflict with that of Arthur of Burgundy ("Vert, an African lion dormant Or and on a chief argent, three goblets gules."). Note that Brachet is quite correct in noting that the arching here is virtually identical to that shown on period renditions of a plain chief and adds almost no visual difference between the two devices.

Jean Richard Malcolmson. Device. Per bend sinister purpure and vert, an annulet Or. Since no difference can be derived from the field, this is technically in conflict with the badge of Aidan Cadwaladr of Gwynedd ("A triskelion of dragon's heads within an annulet Or."). It also conflicts with Anne des Anneaux ("Purpure, five annulets in saltire Or.") since the difference in half a low contrast field adds only a minor point of difference to the major point for number of primary charges.

Michael of Öland. Device. Argent, two axes palewise, blades to center, and a dragon's head erased to sinister gules. Conflict with Daimon Isamu ("Argent, two axes, blades to center, between their handles two single Japanese arrow notches in saltire, gules.").

Sindra Gunhild Sigmundsdottir. Device. Argent, a mortar in a pestle sable within a wreath of rosemary, lying as on a bordure, proper. This was an appeal of a return by Star because the wreath too closely resembled a laurel wreath. In fact, this wreath does bear a strong resemblance to one of the common renditions of the "group laurel wreath", having no fruit or flowers to distinguish it. However, it also conflicts with Aaron von dem Drachen ("Argent, a pestle in a mortar and a chief sable.") and Elizabeth of Dittany ("Argent, a stalk of dittany in flower within a wreath of wormwood all proper.").

Thessala de Lyons. Device. Azure, on a cross azure, fimbriated argent, a lion couchant Or. Although attractive, this is "thin line heraldry": whether you blazon the cross as "azure fimbriated argent" or "argent voided" it is azure placed upon an azure field with only a thin line of argent separating the two. Visually, this makes the lion the primary charge with a "frame" of tracery around it.

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Ædrik Thorulfsson. Device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, three tau crosses argent. Conflict with Sean MacFflam of Ravenswaard ("Sable, in sinister chief a tau cross argent."). There is a major point of difference for the number of crosses, but only a minor for the field.

Ambrose Mavrothakis. Name and device. Argent, a sinister glove bendwise sinister gules, grasping a garden rose bendwise, slipped and leaved, sable. The device seemed acceptable, but the submittor allowed no changes whatsoever to his name and there are real problems with the byname. In the first place there is some real doubt as to the submittor's intent. The transliteration provided uses a "theta" at the beginning of the second element, but a "delta" appears in the Greek spelling provided in parenthesis next to it and these would not have the same linguistic value in medieval or modern Greek. Generally speaking, this is a medieval formation and the use of "mavro" to reflect the modern pronunciation of the medieval/modern Greek word for black is so common that only the most pedantic would object that the period pronunciation would produce the spelling "mauro" (the adjective is cognate with the imported English word "Moor" for a black). However, his forms indicated that he wished a Cretan form of a byname meaning "Blackrose", while the Xeroxes and the letter of intent point to a desired meaning closer to "Black Rosethorn". Unfortunately, this construction does not seem to provide either. Greek, classical or medieval, does not generally form bynames by simply concatenating a series of noun adjectives in the manner German does. When compounds are formed, they usually contain two identifiable elements (e.g., Chrysogonus, Paleologus) with contraction kept to a minimum. In this case, it is proposed that three forms "mavros", "rhodon" and "akis" coalesce to form "Mavrothakis" in which "rhodon" (meaning "rose"), which is the primary substantive on his initial forms, is reduced to the sort of dental glide which is commonly introduced in medieval Greek between a terminal vowel and an initial vowel in a compound. Actually, this byname sounds and looks like a number of epithetic family names which Laurel herself encountered in Crete, but the presence of the Blackrose on the gentle's device indicates that the meaning is as important to him as the sound. If changes to the name had been permitted, we would have attempted to construct a period Greek version of "Blackrose", but this was not possible.

Anthea of Northeton. Name only. Unfortunately, as the submittor's own documentation suggests, the given name apparently occurs first in the poetry of Herrick and other pastoral poets of the seventeenth century. One of the hallmarks of these poets was to imitate the Augustan poets of imperial Rome in using allegorical pseudonyms for the objects of their poetic devotion. In this case, the pseudonym is derived from one of the epithets of the Greek goddess Hera ("the flowery one"). As Withycombe makes clear (p. 27), the use of Anthea as a given name derives from its use in the pastoral poets and thus must be considered to be distinctly post-period. (The "grey area" alluded to in the letter of intent does not really exist: on a case by case basis objects and/or usages which are first documented after 1600, but may be legitimately supposed to have existed before that date may be granted some "extra slack". A classic case of this would be a name for which the earliest documentation is a marriage record of 1608: it may be supposed that the person who bore that name was born before the turn of the century!)

Celdae the Seeker. Change of name from Colleen of Lion's Gate. On the letter of intent, Æstel indicated the Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum showed "Cel" as a documented variant of the protheme "Ceol". It was also stated "'-dae" is not specifically documented, but we consider it a possible spelling variant of the Anglo/Saxon deuterotheme '-daeg' (alternate spellings given include '-dag', '-dai', '-dei') meaning and pronounced 'day'". Unfortunately, the photocopies presented in support of these contentions came solely from the index and were all cross- references which do not show how the elements were actually used in compounds. Given period examples from the sources in our library, such as Celwulf and Celestan, the contraction of the protheme seems reasonable. However, there is a considerable body of evidence to indicate that "dæg" appears primarily as a protheme (Batonvert lists it only as a protheme in her article for the Proceedings of the Caerthan Heraldry Symposium) and would only lose its final consonant when used as a protheme. As Lion's Blood has noted, based on her conversations with Professor Stevick, only in the very late texts do you find any words ending in an ash. Even in those texts, "dæg" would not appear without a following letter to produce the vowel modification indicated by the letter ash. Given the lack of documentation provided for "dæg" as a deuterotheme, we would be a trifle nervous even about changing the name to the form "Ceoldæg" suggested by Lion's Blood (an option not available to the College since the lady specifically forbade any changes to her name). As the name stands now it would more plausibly be interpreted to be a variant of the Latin word for the Celts ("Celtae"), given the tendency of insular Latin to muddy "t" and "d" in pronunciation during several portions of our period.

Duncan Macquarie. Device. Gyronny of twelve argent and sable, a dragon passant coward gules. There was general agreement that this was visually in conflict with the badge of Bela of Eastmarch for the Company of Free Mariners ("Gyronny sable and argent, a dragon rampant gules, armed and webbed vert."). As several commentors pointed out, this is also technically in conflict with the flag of Wales ("Per fess argent and vert, a dragon passant gules."): DR1 requires two major points of difference between Society devices and "from the arms and flags of mundane royal houses or territorial entities".

Gareth of Eastbrook. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, a compass star elongated to base within and surmounting an annulet, all counterchanged. As Crescent quite rightly noted, this is in conflict with Alexandre sur le Mer ("Azure, a compass rose argent."). The depiction of the compass rose, defined by Alexandre's submission (and copious documentation), is close enough to this to consider this an artistic variant. Since counterchanging along a line of division provides only a major point of difference between two Society devices this is not clear. The submittor should be informed that several commentors (from as far afield as Lochac!) thought this might infringe on the badge for NATO. As we had no depiction of this badge available, we could not confirm this, but the submittor should be made aware of the potential problem.

Ian Jameson de Comyn. Name only. When the name was returned for conflict with a Society name in November, 1987, it was suggested that a sufficiently different place name be added to clear the conflict. Unfortunately, the name is now clear of Society conflict but runs into a problem with an important figure from Scots history John (or Ian) Comyn, sometimes known popularly as the Red Comyn. When Robert Bruce stabbed Comyn in a church at Dumfries, it triggered war with England (because Comyn had been under King Edward's peace), excommunication of Bruce by the Pope (because of the sacrilege) and Bruce's coronation at Scone (hurriedly carried out to anticipate the previous two events). A different place name perhaps?

Lynne the Farrover. Name only. Æstel made a valiant attempt to be persuasive that the given name could be formed as an Old English construct from the protheme "Lyn" (as in "Lynsige") and "-ne" (as in "Tilne"). Unfortunately, evidence is that the lady wishes a monosyllable name rather than the bisyllable this would produce and under our current rules relatively strong evidence for the actual existence of the form is required since "Lynn" and its variants are well attested as modern diminutives for Caroline and other names and in period "lynn" is a common noun (as in the geographic name King's Lynn). The problems will also affect the shorter variants "Lyn" and "Lin" suggested as alternates by the submittor (note as well that "lin" is a common noun in Old English, referring to flax or to a linen cloth or napkin).

Meredith of the White Cliffs. Device. Sable, a tyger sejant to sinister Or within an orle of mullets argent. Conflict with Thomas Lackland of Appledore ("Sable, a domestic cat sejant to sinister Or."): comparing the emblazons only reaffirmed our conviction that only a minor point of difference could be derived between the two primary charges in this position.

Paul of Somerton. Device. Azure, a lion rampant and a gore sinister argent. Conflict with Allye ("Azure, a lion rampant argent.").

Rioghbhardan MacInis the Lame. Device. Per fess azure and argent, a natural rainbow proper, clouded Or, and a Celtic harp proper. There are several problems with the device. The rainbow in chief is treated like an ordinary and the clouds are couped by the edges of the field. While the natural rainbow is by precedent neutral, it does not have good contrast here and there was some feeling it was an excessive use of proper taken in conjunction with the harp proper. Finally, the choice of charges was unfortunate, taken in conjunction with the given name. As has been noted before, heraldic entities which may be perfectly acceptable in themselves can cause problems when conjoined (e.g., one can be Rhiannon, one can have horses on one's armoury, but one cannot be Rhiannon and have horses on one's device). In this case, the harp is problematic when taken with the given name. At least one herald also found the rainbow to contain an allusion to senior bardic circles, since only the most senior bards were allowed to wear seven colours (such as are contained in the natural rainbow).

Sophia de la Mer. Badge. A seahorse erect argent within an annulet of six swords conjoined in annulo proper. Since this is a fieldless badge and no difference can be derived from the field, this is in conflict with Rowan of Windtree Tower ("Per saltire sable and vert, a seahorse erect argent.")

Sophia de la Mer. Badge. A seahorse erect within an annulet argent. Conflict with Rowan of Windtree Tower ("Per saltire sable and vert, a seahorse erect argent."), Cerelia de Lacy of Sherborne ("Purpure, a seahorse erect within a bordure embattled argent.") and the Barony of Mountain Freehold ("Per chevron Or and azure, a seahorse within a laurel wreath argent.").

Thorik Sigurdsson. Device. Per pale erminois and pean, a fess cotised counterchanged. Conflict with Gabrielle Tara Dwenwyn ("Per pale vert and argent, a fess cotised counterchanged.")

Ulf Tonn Bjarnarson Haakonarstadir. Device. Argent, a winged wolf passant, wings elevated and addorsed, and on a chief triangular sable, a bunch of grapes argent, all within a bordure counterchanged. In the first place, the bordure overlays the chief, which is not period practise. Also, although the bordure was blazoned as sable on the letter of intent, it was in fact counterchanged: it is sable where is lies on the argent field, but argent in chief where it surmounts the chief. Finally, it conflicts with the registered device of Haakon Haukarson ("Argent, a winged wolf passant, wings elevated and addorsed, on a chief triangular sable, an auroch's skull argent.").

Wastekeep, Barony of. Badge for Award of the Blasted Tree. Argent, a tree blasted and eradicated sable. Conflict with the mundane arms of Kornkooper, as cited in the Ordinary to Woodward, p. 126 ("Argent, a dry tree sable."). There are also Society conflicts, but all involved had agreed to grant permission.

Wastekeep, Barony of. Name for Award of the Silver Tower. Direct conflict with the Order of the Silver Tower, registered to the Barony of Settmour Swamp in March, 1983.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Alan Quentin Garretson. Device. Argent, a bend sinister gules between a fleur-de-lys sable and a two-headed turtle vert. Conflict with Helene of Glen Laurie ("Argent, a bend sinister between a garden rose gules, slipped and leaved vert, and a squirrel sejant to sinister gules.")

Conn of Cathanar. Device. Vert, a hound's head couped and on a chief argent, three trefoils vert. Conflict with Bryan mac Dhugaill an Boghadair ("Vert, a crossbow bent palewise and on a chief argent, three shamrocks slipped vert.").

Fiona Lachtna. Device. Vert, an estoile argent and a chief indented of three points ermine, each upper point terminating in a fleur-de-lys vert. Unfortunately, a comparison of the emblazons confirmed that this does conflict visually with Katherine FitzWalter ("Vert, an escarbuncle argent, a chief ermine."), as suggested by Compline.

Korubushi Hikaru. Name only. Both Monsho and Dolphin agree that both that "Korubushi" is not a valid variant of "Kurabuchi", as stated on the letter of intent. "Kurabuchi" is formed from the kanji for storehouse and deep pool and apparently is used only as a place name, not a family name. In any case, since Japanese does not randomly modify vowels and consonants without change of meaning, the proposed variant is not valid. Dolphin notes that the name which he desires ("black warrior") is very close to a famous Japanese folk song (Kuroda Bushi) about a drinking contest and might be taken to be a presumptuous allusion to that song. Monsho suggested "Kurabayashi" or "Kurahashi" as documented family names which sound similar.

KINGDOM OF CAID

Connor O'Brian. Name and device. Per pall gules, Or and sable, in fess a wolf's head erased sable and an apple Or. The name is in direct conflict with Connor O'Brien, King of Munster, who was known for his patronage as far afield as Germany (MacManus, Story of the Irish Race, p. 253). Unfortunately, although the device was acceptable, the submittor forbade creation of a holding name so the entire submission had to be returned.

Eadric Harreth of Mercia. Name and device. Azure, fretty Or, a fess Or, fretty azure, overall a hare sejant erect argent. All the evidence we could find from out Old English sources indicates that the byname should be "Rethahara": all similar compounds we could find place the adjectival component of the compound before the noun in its "natural" position (e.g., "retheman" for a tax collector, "leofspel" for good news, "ealdriht" for an ancient right, etc.). Unfortunately, we could neither emend the byname, drop it nor form a holding name to register the acceptable (if a trifle hair-raising) device, since the submittor specifically forbade any modifications to the name or the formation of a holding name.

Hrorek Halfdane of Faulconwood. Household name only. As Crescent noted on his letter of intent, this submission was made by Chevron as a "test case" in the wake of the "von Markheim" precedent. Two points were raised: whether a household name submission can be made without a badge submission and whether prior registration of a personal name with the proposed household name as a component can block registration of the household name. For a discussion of the latter issue, see the cover letter. That point is moot, however, with regard to this submission since the Rules for Submission are quite specific in stating that a household name submission must be accompanied by a badge. While Laurel personally has no problem with the registration of household names and alternate persona names without accompanying armoury, both at the time the present rule was put into effect and in current discussions of the rules, she has found herself distinctly in the minority (sometimes a minority of one!). Therefore, a change in current policy does not seem justifiable at this time.

Naevehjem, Shire of. Device. Quarterly argent, ermined gules, and sable, in bend sinister two annulets Or, each environed of a laurel wreath argent. Unfortunately, White Stag is technically correct in stating that the letter of the current law prohibits the presence of more than one charge in a quarter, if the appearance of marshalling is to be avoided: "there shall be no more than one charge in a quarter, and that charge cannot be an ordinary" (AR11b).

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Abd Adin Tinkar. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy argent and azure, a winged torch and a winged bull rampant, each with wings elevated and addorsed, counterchanged. Despite Brigantia's statement in his letter of reply, the submittor's documentation does not show either that the formation of the name elements is "period spelling" or that the name is properly formed for Arabic practice. On the original letter of intent it was stated that the name "Abd Adin" was Arabic for "servant of the faith". Obelisk has demonstrated that this is incorrect (the first element is Arabic, the second is Hebrew, the latter fact being confirmed by Xeroxes included in the submittor's own documentation packet). Moreover, if the name were properly formed in Arabic, it would usually be formed with an article prefixed to the noun used and that noun would not be a proper name (the formation would probably be "'Abd-al-Din"). The Arabic formation "abd" is prefixive and functions similarly to a preposition or patronymic particle and thus under NR4 the Arabic "abd" should not be randomly combined with Hebraic "Adin", even if the latter were not a proper name. Additionally, "Adin" in Hebrew does not mean "faith", but rather is adjectival and means "voluptuous" (Odelain and Séguineau, Dictionary of Proper Names and Places in the Bible, p. 12) which would give quite a different meaning to the name, even if it were linguistically permissible. Finally, the submittor, who is female, should be warned that the names in "abd" were all masculine and it would be against either Arabic or Turkish practice for a woman to use such a name. It should be noted that no documentation was given for the Turkish byname beyond Xeroxes of dictionary pages showing "tin" and "kâr" as existing words in modern Turkish. No evidence was provided to support the construction of bynames in Turkish from the unmodified conjunction of two nouns. In fact, the word does appear as an orthographic variant of "tinker" dated to 1533 in the OED, but that form is not at all related to any Turkish original and has quite a different meaning. Unfortunately, since the submittor would accept no changes whatsoever to her name, we were compelled to return the submission as whole.

Alasdair Stuart Campbell. Badge for Argyllshire Highlanders. A boar's head erased close between three claymores in triangle argent. The consensus of opinion in the College was that the conjunction of this badge, which differs by only a single point of difference from the badge of the Campbell chiefs, with the name Campbell and Argyll was presumptuous. Moreover, the name is in direct conflict with that of the actual regiment which is now known as the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (originally they were solely the Argyll Highlanders and under that name gained great fame in various parts of the British Empire).

Argento di Rocco. Name only. The letter of intent itself says "Argento is Italian for silver. It seems reasonable to use Argento in a language which used Bianca." Unfortunately, the analogy with "Bianca" is flawed: the latter is a descriptive adjective, the former is a common noun and NR10 is very specific in stating "common nouns may not be used as given names unless the submitter proves to the College's satisfaction that the particular name was used as a given name in period." Note that the context of this name only increases the problem since the name as a whole differs by only one letter from "argento di rocca" the idiomatic Italian term for native silver.

Arwen Evaine ferch Rhys of Gwynedd. Badge for the League of Freebooters. Argent, on a delf sable two femurs in saltire argent, all within a bordure indented azure. The general consensus in the College was that the charged delf appeared to be arms of pretense of Newton ("Sable, two shin bones in saltire argent."). Note that the letter of intent gave the submittor's name as Arwen Evaine ferch Rhys ap Gwynedd, but it is registered in the form given above.

Brian of Leichester. Device. Per pale gules and argent, on a roundel a tower, all within an orle counterchanged. Conflict with Armilda Astyages of Lydia, as cited on the letter of intent ("Per pale gules and argent, a swan naiant within an orle counterchanged."). Brigantia counted a point and a half for the difference between the swan and the roundel plus an extra minor for the tertiary. However, DR7 is quite clear that the primary charges on both coats must be "themselves uncharged" for a major and minor point to be derived from the simple change of type of primary charge.

Darcy Wilric. Name and device. Sable, a wyvern passant to sinister and on a chief argent, three towers sable. As Brigantia himself noted, the documentation is unclear as to the period in which the family name of origin d'Arcy came into use as a given name in Ireland. We would like to give the submittor the "benefit of the doubt" as he suggests, but this is difficult when there is solid evidence for its use as a surname and none for its use as a given name in period (cf. NR10).

East Kingdom. Title for Silurian Herald. Although this was not stated on the letter of intent, the supposed derivation of the title was from the Silures, a tribe who lived in the Welsh border areas in Roman times. Unfortunately, the word itself does not seem to appear in this form until after our period and is then associated as much with geological terminology (referring to the pre-historic "Silurian era") as with the historical. Furthermore, in more modern times the name is heavily associated with the distinctly non-human reptilian monsters who lived under the sea and attacked the human population of Earth in one of the more popular Doctor Who episodes ("fannish" friends have told us that Silurians are one of the most popular costumes at "cons" with a significant Doctor Who contingent).

Gunther Schwarzdwaldersohn. Name only. The letter of intent indicated that the byname was meant to be "son of the man from the Black Forest". There are two problems here, one a simple grammatical problem, the other more radical. The suffix "-sohn" is regularly used with the genitive form in German so technically this should be "Schwarzwalderssohn". However, the real problem here is that after searching several volumes of original source material for German period surnames, we have been unable to find any example where a surname of place used the patronymic suffix, even with a substantive derived from an adjective such as is used here. The form that would be used would be a preposition with the place name (with or without an article as determined by the nature of the place name) or the simple adjective form. In this case, the form "Gunther Schwarzwalder" would be most likely, but since the submittor allows no changes to his name, however minor, the name as a whole must be returned.

Gwilym o'r Afonydd Tair. Change of name from Gwilym of the Three Rivers. The submittor's appeal for this previously returned form of his name must be denied. Brachet has provided an extensive analysis of the issue and the conclusion must be that the numeral, unlike most other adjectives in Welsh, precedes the noun, that the noun following a numeral is usually in the singular and that an analysis of a significant number of Welsh place names shows no examples which depart from this standard syntax.

Jean d'Eaux. Name and device. Argent, on a tombstone, a fountain. There is no doubt that the name conflicts by sound with that of the famous (period) legal entity John Doe (note NR15 "A personal name conflicts with another name if it looks or sounds enough like the other name to cause confusion" [italics ours]). In sound the two are identical. Additionally, as many of the commentors pointed out, this will be considered by far too many as a bad example of offensive "toilet humour" (literally!), given the general Society euphemism of "Shrines of Saint John of the Waters". Even taken at face value, the device creates some problems. Crescent has provided some convincing evidence that the sort of tombstone used here, presumably for maximum identifiability to modern eyes, is post-period. Also, were the fountain to be drawn properly (on the emblazon it is a plate charged with three barrulets wavy azure), it would not appear at all round since the azure tends to fade into the sable. Finally, although the submittor may not really have intended the effect of a drawing of a modern (very Art Deco modern in black!) toilet seen from above, this is the picture that a majority of the populace will see, particularly when placed in context with the name. Leaving aside the issue of whether this is offensive, it is disruptive to the medieval atmosphere by its very modernity.

Jehan Lebatarde. Change of name from Jehan le Batard. Brigantia is quite right in asserting that the surname forms in which the article coalesces to the noun can be documented in period. However, the modification of orthography also included the change of the noun from the feminine form to the masculine to agree with both the given name and the article. There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that masculine nouns were never modified by feminine articles or vice versa. We would cheerfully have modified the byname to the proper coalesced form "Lebâtard", but the forms prevented any change to the submitted form, however minor. (Note that at the time the name was originally accepted, we did not have the ability to print the circumflexed "a"; now we do.)

Paul Wickenden of Thanet. Device. Vert, on a bend sinister argent between two mullets of eight points Or, three crosses crosslet palewise Or. Conflict with Tav-Alandil cited on the letter of intent ("Vert, a bend sinister argent between a hawk close and a lightning bolt Or."): there is a major point for change of type of a group of secondaries and a minor for addition of a group of tertiaries.

River's Mist, Shire of. Name and device. Azure, a heron close and on a chief argent, a laurel wreath vert between two acorns proper, slipped and leaved gules. There was a general feeling that "River's Mist" and "Riversmeet" sounded too much alike to avoid confusion (they are even in the same Kingdom) and that the laurel wreath here is just too small to fulfill the requirements AR9a.

Sian Surrey. Device. Azure, six mice couchant in annulo argent. The mice are actually couchant and, save for the tails, in exactly the same posture as the beasts on the device of Kathleen of Kittens ("Azure, in annulo four pairs of kittens couchant respectant, tails arched, argent, orbed azure.") After a comparison of the emblazons, we are convinced that the two devices are almost impossible to distinguish at any distance.

Stephen Calvert of Arundale. Name and device. Paly of six Or and sable, a chevron counterchanged, in chief three crosses couped gules. This submission was pended from the December meeting to allow for further comment since some Laurel staff thought it contained an excessive number of allusions to the Calverts, the founding family of Maryland. Ibis, who herself lives in Maryland, has confirmed this impression. She indicates that the Society Shire of Arindale, which lies in the original land grant made to the first Calvert Baron Baltimore, was specifically named in honour of Anne Arundel who was in fact the wife of Lord Cecil Calvert. Moreover, the basic design of the device is a variation of the Calvert arms as quartered by the Barons Baltimore and hence, in modern times, by the State of Maryland (even unto their license plates!). In this case there is a bend instead of the Calvert chevron, but the basic visual effect is similar. Ibis indicates that a number of the lesser entities of Maryland also play on the Calvert arms (e.g., Calvert County), although they are differenced to a greater degree than this device. The conjunction of the name and device elements in this case seem excessive.

KINGDOM OF TRIMARIS

The reasons for return for the following submissions from Trimaris were omitted from the 31 October, 1987, letter through a word processing error.

Dimitri Mikhailovich Kirusov. Device. Sable, a drinking mug argent, on a chief gules, three bezants. The exemption from the "Rule of Tincture" extended to a chief in some periods of mundane heraldry is not permissible in Society heraldry. Thus the gules chief on the sable field is "colour on colour".

Wilhelm aus Stodd. Device. Per fess, Or, goutty de larmes, and sable, issuant from the line of division a demi-jester displayed proper, garbed in tunic and three-horned cap lozengy vert and purpure and cowled sable. There are several problems with this device. In the first place fields or charges lozengy of two colours are not permitted under AR2a. Secondly, the human charge issuant from the line of division is a distinctly anomalous usage. Finally, there is some doubt in the mind of the College whether the Harlequin puppet from a European Punch and Judy show should be reserved to one individual.

William of Varenne. Name only. This is a direct conflict with the William de Warenne (c. 1030-1080) who came over with the Conqueror, was the first Norman Earl of Surrey and played a prominent role in the reorganization of England after the Conquest.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Cassandra Cernakova. Badge. Purpure, a crescent argent. Conflict with Vivienne of the Moon, cited on the letter of intent ("Purpure, in pale a sprig of three lotus blossoms and a crescent argent.", as reblazoned above).

Delbert of Swabia. Change of name from holding name of David of Aneala. Noone in the College was able to document the protheme "Del-" as an identifiable separate element in German, Old English or any other Germanic language. He stated that he would accept Adalbert as an alternative. Unfortunately, even that is not really an option since Adalbert and Albrecht are variant of the same German name (Yonge, p. 410) and thus the proposed name conflicts with Albrecht von Swabia, the Clumsy (who is generally referred to without his byname).

Eraina of Golden Sand. Name only. Unfortunately, linguistic considerations prevent our consideration of the given name as a valid variant of Eirene. Attempts to find some form closer to the submitted name proved fruitless.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSION IS PENDING:

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Magnus Malleus. Device. Sable, in pale a hammer fesswise, argent, hafted proper, and a divider argent, all between three bezants. On the letter of intent the hammer was blazoned incorrectly as argent. The device is pended until the June meeting to allow for further commentary.

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