3/89

Acceptances

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

Aine Aislinn Stirling. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Change of King's Battle Flag. Or, in pale a crown indented and a mullet of five greater and five lesser sable, a sinister tierce embattled gules. Note that the addition of the crown to the flag means that it may no longer be used as a battle standard by members of the Ansteorran populace in general, but would be restricted to use when the King was himself present and fighting. (although theoretically a royal peer could bear it in the King's absence, we suppose. . .).

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Badge for King's Champion. Or, a mullet of five greater and five lesser points sable, a base embattled gules.

Arnolda Kolfina O'Comhraidhe of Inis Celtra. Name only. The name was submitted as Arnolda Kolfina O'Comhraidhe of Tuath Inis Celtra. As the form of "Inis Celtra" would have to be modified after the "tuath" which is not really appropriate before the name of an island monastery, we have deleted "tuath". Note that the documentation of the given name was from Wells, which is not a very good source. However, "Arnoldus" appears in Latin documents from German sources so that a feminine form is acceptable. "Kolfinna" is documented by Geirr Bassi as a relatively common feminine name in Old Norse. Note that, if it were not for the "lingua franca rule", this name would exceed our current naming limits: Latin, Old Norse and Irish plus the English preposition.

Astrid of Flora. Name only.

Branwyn de Grafton. Name only.

Cairbre mac Amargein. Name only.

Catrin ferch Gwilym o Gonwy. Name and device. Vert, a hind trippant reguardant, on a chief wavy argent, three Catherine wheels gules. The name was submitted as Catrin ferch Gwilmy o Conwy. The initial consonant of the place name mutates after the preposition "o".

Cyran Cyriac de Chalon-sur Saône. Name and device. Argent, on a heart purpure a quill bendwise sinister argent, all within a bordure purpure, crusilly couped argent. The given name appears to a valid variant form of the form more familiar from the name of Cyrano de Bergerac.

Elizabeth Harcourt. Name and device. Argent, two natural panthers combattant guardant, tails entwined to base, sable, in chief a rose gules.

Gabrielle Honorée de Saint Pierre. Name only.

Gunthar Jonsson. Device. Purpure, a Maltese cross, in chief two escallops argent. Please ask him to draw the cross as it was drawn on the letter of intent rather than as it was on the emblazon sheet, i.e., a lot more boldly.

Hans Dürrmast von der Wanderlust. Device. azure, a pale argent, surmounted by a chevron counterchanged, between in chief two halberd heads couped, blades to center, argent.

Kayla Estelle Lemee. Change of device. Azure, on a pall between three millrinds Or, a pall azure. For a discussion of the issue of "thin line heraldry", see the cover letter.

Klar of the Misty Vale. Name and device. Argent, an alphyn passant sable within a bordure nebuly azure, ermined argent. Klar is the submittor's mundane given name. Part of the documentation provided for this by Star was a letter indicating that the submittor originally desired the name "Tamsin Klar" and that this was returned by the Kingdom for being a diminutive form. As this is also the standard period form for Thomasina in Cornish sources, it is in fact acceptable for Society use, if the submittor is still so minded.

Leona of Remington. Name and device. Or, a Cornish chough sable, beaked and membered gules, maintaining in its dexter talon a chalice, within a bordure vert.

Mara MacNaughton. Change of name from Mara of the Crystal Sword.

Orfhlaith O Ceallaigh. Name only. The name was submitted as Orplait O Ceallaig. It is our belief that the submitter desires that Gaelic forms used in her submission and that she (or her local herald) have misread the Gaelic alphabet used in the copies sent with the submission. The Gaelic alphabet indicated aspiration by a dot over the modified consonant. In the given name the first consonant (which is an "f" not a "p") is so marked as is the final "t". In the surname, the final "g" is also marked as aspirated.

Raibeart MacNeely of Rose. Name and device. Azure, on a sinister side argent, three roses in pale azure, seeded gules.

Stargate, Barony of. Badge for the Sodality of the Stargate. Sable, two spears in saltire between two towers in fess argent.

Thessala de Lyons. Device. Azure, on a cross voided argent, a lion couchant Or. For a discussion of the issue of "thin line heraldry" see the cover letter. As Crescent is correct in noting that a major point of difference can be derived from the addition of the tertiary on a single ordinary, this is clear of the flag of Iceland ("Azure, a cross gules fimbriated argent.", as cited by Green Anchor) and Crancure ("Azure, a cross hummetty voided argent.", as cited by Hund), although both made some of the Laurel staff very twitchy.

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Adiantum, Barony of. Name for Fern and Quill Award.

Ambrose Blackrose. Name only (see PENDING for device).

Angharad Severn o Glamorgen. Badge for House Wild Hart. Sable, a hart rampant to sinister within a bordure argent. The badge and household name are transferred from Arias the Innkeeper's Daughter to whom they are currently registered.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Blazon correction on badge for College of Pages. Quarterly Or and argent, a closed book gules, from its pages issuant to base a lion's tail forked and nowed sable. Between paperwork delays and pends due to inaccurate blazon, by the time this submission was registered, the ink on the forms unfortunately had paled to azure.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Title for Argent Scroll Pursuivant.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Title for Queue Forchée Pursuivant. The title was submitted as Queue Forché. While the anglicized form "forchy" could be used, if the French form is used as it was on the submission forms, the extra "e" much be added since "queue" is a feminine noun in French.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Title for Town Crier Pursuivant.

Eric of Clan Smith. Name only. For a discussion of the issue of household names, see the cover letter. Note: this was pended from the July meeting and pended again in January.

Garik Kopke. Badge. Or, two wolves salient respectant and a chief indented sable.

Sophia de la Mer. Reblazon of device. Argent, a seahorse erect vert within an orle flory on the outer edge azure. When her device was registered in May, 1986, the orle was blazoned as "flory" which could mean that the inner edges were not straight as they in fact are.

Wastekeep, Barony of. Name for Award of the Silver Keep.

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

Anne de Junius. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Gules, a fox sejant to sinister grasping in its teeth the lower end of the bag of a bagpipe Or.

Antonia d'Alessandria. Badge. Azure, an owl close, holding in its talons a tuft of wool pendant from hangs a drop spindle argent.

David de los Caballos. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as David Navarre de los Caballos. As no documentation was proved for the name "Navarre" being used by anyone other than the royal family of the Kingdom of Navarre, this element has been deleted to register the remainder of the name.

Erik mac Donnachaidh. Name and device. Argent, a lizard tergiant fesswise within an annulet of flame gules, overall a sword palewise inverted sable.

Georg Bereward. Name and device. Or, a bear rampant, on a chief dovetailed sable, three escallops inverted argent.

Gillian of the Swallows. Name and device. Per chevron Or and sable, on a chevron between two eagles rising respectant, wings addorsed, and a winged lion salient, three fleurs-de-lis Or. This device pushes at the very limits of complexity, only being saved by the use of colour to tie the secondary and tertiary charges together.

Godwin Blacke of Rye. Change of name from Godwin of Rye.

Hildr Ulfsdottir. Badge for Hildarstadir. A Viking woman statant to sinister argent, crined Or, shod sable, gowned gules, aproned argent and mantled purpure, maintaining a drinking horn Or.

Iain Gillcriosd mac Donnachaidh. Name only.

Ivar Vandrer. Name only. The name was submitted as Ivar jo Vandrer, with documentation from Marm and Sommerfelt's Teach Yourself Norwegian. Unfortunately, the submitter misunderstood the context in which "jo" was translated as "the" for it is not a definite article at all. It can be used as a response equalling "yes" after a negative and is also used adverbially (like well" in English). Since the article is not needed for the byname, it has been dropped. Although "Vandrer" was not in fact given at the location cited, it is properly formed from the verb "vandre" (= "to wander").

John Ironstone. Name only.

Jonathan Gray. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and argent, an annulet between and interlaced with four annulets in saltire argent and a tree, eradicated and inverted, vert. While the inverted tree occasioned much discussion in the College, in view of the well-known arms of MacGregor, which feature a tree in a distinctly diagonal position, and the natural occurrence of upended trees, this does not seem an unreasonable usage.

Lionet de la Rose Blanche. Name and device. Argent, a triquetra azure within and fretted with a triangle inverted gules.

Robert de Spencer. Badge for Hold Tyte. Gules, a fret Or, overall a mailed cubit arm issuant from dexter grasping the hand of an arm, vested and issuant from sinister, argent. The considered option of the Laurel staff was that the household name did not even rate a small groan (the inevitable sign of a good pun), but that the well-known Rule of Toyota applied.

Sean Kirkpatrick. Device. Azure, a chevron inverted Or, goutty de sang, issuant therefrom a demipegasus salient, wings addorsed and inverted, argent.

Tellias of Kenyon. Device. Gules, a saltire embattled counter-embattled ermine, overall a helmet in the form of a horned skull affronty Or. It was still the opinion of the College that the helm was rather poor style, but the other problems had been ameliorated to the point where the device as a whole was acceptable (in the words of one member of Laurel staff "Weel, it's down to one weirdness!).

William Griffin Blackthorne. Name only.

Wolfram von Grymwüst. Name and device. Per bend rompu Or and sable, a wolf's head erased and sinister facing, counterchanged. Badger had proved period examples for the spelling "grym" in German as an alternate for "grimm".

Wolfram der Jäger. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Yorick of Yarmouth. Name and device. Per bend sable and vert, a bend Or between three dolphins naiant fesswise in bend and three quills palewise in bend argent.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Release of name and badge for Order of the Probus. Azure, in pale a wine amphora inverted and a unicornate natural seahorse erect argent.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Release of title for Alcyon Herald.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Release of title for Osprey Herald.

Morgan MacDonald McCrae. Badge. Azure, a crescent argent, overall an arrow palewise inverted Or.

Niall O'Gallchobair. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ragnar Refskegg. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, in chief an axe fesswise, blade to base, argent, a demi-sun issuant from base Or. The name was submitted as Ragnar Resskeggi, with a citation from Geirr Bassi. As that form does not exist in Geirr Bassi, we assume that the submittor really desired the documented form above, which means "fox beard" or "red beard".

Rhiannon ferch Rhys ap Emrys. Name only.

Richard d'Andrade. Badge. Azure, an annulet surmounted by a mullet of four points, all within a bordure embattled Or.

Seamus O'Day. Name only (see RETURNS for device and badge).

Seonaid ni Fhionn. Badge. Per pale vert and purpure, a crescent within a bordure engrailed argent.

Shane MacAlpin of West Shire. Name only.

Starra Skraelingadottir. Name only (see PENDING for device).

Thorarin Kodransson. Name and device. Vert, a bend Or between two narwhals naiant in annulo argent, horned, all within a bordure Or.

Thorberg Tryggvason. Name only.

Timothy of Arindale. Name and device. Per pale Or and sable, a winged bear rampant within a bordure embattled, all counterchanged. Arindale is the name of his home group (several commentors asked about this. . .).

Uther Clavus. Name only.

William Ranulf le Broc. Device. Sable, an annulet surmounted by three crescents in pall, horns outwards all within a bordure argent. While we could see the potential allusion to the biohazard symbol noted by Brachet, the addition of the bordure together with the other changes required (inversion of the arrangement of the crescents, overlapping, etc.) seemed to carry this clear. Note that the submittor should be told to draw the crescents as heraldic crescents rather than the "bananaoid" objects which appeared on the emblazon sheet.

KINGDOM OF CAID

Aithbric an Ardain Dhuibh. Name and device. Vert, a Celtic cross within a bordure Or. The name was submitted as Aithbric na Dhu-Ard. The submittor indicated that she wished the meaning of the name )given as "black hill") to be preserved rather than the sound. The "Duart" included in the submittor's documentation probably derives from an initial element of "dun" (= "hill fort"). in point of fact, in most of the geographical names in Scotland which used "ard" (and there are many), the "ard" comes first, either as a prefixed adjective form in a compound or as a contracted form from "ardan" (= "hill" or "raised area"). Even were the original name fully grammatical, in addition, it would not have the meaning the submittor desired: since the adjective "ard" is commonly used adverbially as an intensive in Gaelic (i.e., meaning something like "supremely" or "extremely"), the phrase would mean something like "the supreme blackness". ("Dubh" is a masculine noun meaning "blackness", "darkness", etc. It can also mean "ink" so that the name would translate "of the deep black ink"!) To retain the meaning unambiguously we have used the substantive form of "ardan" with the appropriate genitive article (the noun is male) and made "dubh" and adjective in its more usual position after the noun.

Aldwin Ian Mac Kechnie. Name and device. Sable, sword bendwise sinister argent, overall a fish-tailed sea-dog Or, maintaining a garden rose, slipped and leaved, argent. In discussion this submission, Crescent noted the return of the submission of Beatrix von Wertenberg for conflict where the only change from the conflicting device was the charge overall in each case. The cases are, however, not really analogous, although this is confused by the fact that the term "primary charge" is used in two distinct manners in the Society. In the first case, it is used to indicate the relative visual weight of the components of an actual device from a traditional heraldic point of view, which is generally reflected in blazon. (See Laurel's previous meanderings philosophical discourses on the psychology of blazon.) At times the Society has also used the term much more loosely to indicate categories of visual strength, which may or may not apply in a given instance, rather than the weight of an actual element in a design. In both cases there is an attempt to provide a structure to the determination of visual difference and in most cases the two structures will coincide. On occasion, imprecise (or incorrect) definition will create some problems. In the current rules, charges overall are not actually defined as primary charges. Indeed under the definitions of charge in the rules, as good a case can be made by a literalist for them being tertiaries as for primaries: a primary charge is defined as "an ordinary, when present; a visually dominant charge or group of charges in the center of the field" while a tertiary charges are defined as "charges placed on top of other charges". (Just as a point of information, secondary charges are defined as "charges on the periphery of the field".) Note that, if we were literalists, we could say that a bordure, since it is an ordinary, it automatically a primary charge, even though elsewhere (under the definition of a group of charges), it is clearly stated to be a secondary charge. In period (and many modern sources, it is clear that charges overall are added to a coat for cadency. From this is follows that for a conflict to exist, the underlying coats must be similar enough that the addition is what differences the two or (in a case where the two derivative coats are being considered) where the change of the charge overall is what differences the two. This was clear in the case of Beatrix von Wertenberg. The underlying coats were identical: "The primary visual weight, the addition or change of a charge overall to a pre-existing coat is a recognized form of indicating cadency (see the examples in Gayre, Heraldic Cadency, chapters XIV and XV) so the modifications to the charge overall should not sufficient in and of themselves to establish difference between two coats." In this example, the underlying devices are a clear major point of difference away from one another through the addition of a group of secondary charges. To one of the coats a charge overall has been added for additional difference. The possibility of visual conflict or misinterpretation that existed in the case of the device of Beatrix von Wertenberg does not exist.

Ann Marie du Moineau Chateau. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Per fess wavy Or and azure a longship proper, sailed, gules, and a tree eradicated argent. This previously registered badge is transferred from Sieflinde von der Höhenwuste.

Aonarrach Faol MagUidhir. Change of name from Aonarrach Faol Maguire O'Byrne.

Brian O'Seachnasaigh. Name and device. Ermine, a unicorn rampant to sinister and on a chief embattled vert, two Celtic crosses Or.

Christine Conner. Name only. The name was submitted as Christine ni Conner with the note that the submittor had had the initial letter aspirated but that this had been removed to "make it acceptable". In point of fact, were this in the Gaelic, the patronymic would suffer lenition after "ni". However, this is the Anglicized form of the name and the "ni" is not appropriate. If she wished a completely Irish equivalent patronymic surname, it would be "ni Chonchobhair".

James of Amberwood. Name only. For a discussion of the issue of household names, see the cover letter. Note: this was pended in January.

Jared Alexandre Blaydeaux. Change of name from Jared Blaydeaux.

Mark von Salzberg. Name only.

Original Nightshade. Name only. Laurel suspects that a Society that could deal with Decrease Mather can cope with Original Nightshade . . .

Samilus Fitzhugh. Name and device. Argent, goutty bendwise, a sword inverted bendwise sinister fracted sable.

Sieglinde von der Höhenwuste. Release of name for House Ekhamn.

Ysabeau Anais Roussot du Lioncourt. Name and device. Per pale gules and pean, a wingless griffin rampant, incensed and queue-forchy, within a bordure embattled Or.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Aubrey Kendall of Rosewood. Name and device. Per pale argent and azure, in pale an anvil and two hammers palewise in fess, all counterchanged.

Bran mac Domnhail. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Brian Larson. Name only.

David Grand Dorian. Name and device. Pean, a wolf passant reguardant and a chief Or.

Duncan Bruce of Logan. Badge. Or, three wolf's teeth issuant from sinister sable.

Edmund Jones. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Gwynne Wallace of Carlyle. Name only.

Heinrich von Isenburg. Name and device. Vert, on a bend sinister cotised between two maple leaves argent, a palmer's staff vert.

Liam MacRae. Device. Per pale and per chevron argent and azure, in chief two tygers combattant counterchanged.

Reynald il Bianco. Name only. The name was submitted as Reynaldo il Bianco with the statement that the given name was an Italian variant of "Reynald" which is documented in Withycombe (p. 252-253). Unfortunately, this variant is not documented in English (final "o" is rare to the point of extinction in English). At the same time it does not appear to be an Italian form, as Green Anchor has noted. If he really wants an entirely Italian name, "Rinaldo Bianco" would be the most plausible form (the article generally drops before simple adjectives in Italian name formation).

Riverhold, Canton of. Device. Gules, a wooly mammoth's head cabossed Or, tusked argent, within a laurel wreath Or. The beast was blazoned on the letter of intent as an elephant, but depicted as a wooly mammoth and Habicht assures us that this is what they really want.

Tegan y Telynores. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and Or, in bend two harps within a bordure engrailed counterchanged. This does not conflict with Cassaundra Igraine of Gwynedd ("Per bend sinister azure and Or, three harps in bend sinister and a bordure embattled counterchanged."), either technically or visually: the fact that these harps are in bend and Cassaundra's are in bend sinister removes and lingering visual echo. This is a case where the blazons sound more alike than are the emblazons.

Thomas Bacon. Device. Purpure, a hand maintaining a torch palewise between in fess two quill pens palewise, in chief five mullets in fess, all Or. This is only saved from excessive complexity by the fact that it is rendered in two tinctures.

Ulric the Saxon. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, in pale two pairs of falcons rising respectant, wings elevated and addorsed, each maintaining a sword, all counterchanged.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Celyn ap Llewelyn. Name only. For a discussion of the issue of household name protection, see the cover letter. Note: this submission was pended from the January meeting.

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

Aleyne the Forgetful. Name only.

Christopher MacShawn de Galbraith. Name only (see RETURNS for device). Several commentors were able to adduce a period exemplar for "de Galbrath" from Black (Surnames of Scotland, pg. 285) so we cannot in good conscience consider this as exceeding the language limit.

Cler Hélène Mareschal. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Eowyn of Thorshaven. Name and device. Argent, a leonine female sagittary statant sable, in chief three compass stars, one and two, gules. Note that Thorshaven is the anglicized form of "Thorshavn", capital of the Faroe Islands.

Finn Normanson. Device. Per chevron raguly vert and pean, in chief in fess a chalice and an axe palewise reversed Or.

Gershom ben Avraham. Name and device. Per chevron argent and azure, two ram's heads cabossed sable and a sun in splendour Or.

Gillian Anna di Lando. Name and device. Quarterly argent and azure, in bend sinister a quill pen bendwise sinister and an open scroll bendwise argent within a bordure embattled counterchanged. The name was submitted as Gillian Anna DiLando. We have modified the orthography to the documented spelling.

Gwendolyn of Aaron Isles. Change of name from Gwendolyn of the Aran Isles. The lady is daughter to Francis of Aaron Isles, whose name was registered in December, 1983, a piece of information which was lacking from the original submission.

Hrothgar Bjornsson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Lorin Ranson. Name only. The surname has been documented from the early sixteenth century (Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 290).

Manfred von dem Schwarzwald. Device. Per chevron inverted argent and sable, a chevron inverted counterchanged between a tree eradicated sable and two antlers in pile argent.

River March, Shire of. Name and device. Argent, a sheaf of three cattails gules within a laurel wreath, on a chief enarched sable two water bougets argent.

Sean MacDuncan. Device. Argent, a five-headed hydra rampant within a bordure raguly vert.

Sophia von Thüringen. Name and device. Per fess gules and Or, in pale an owl argent and a tree eradicated vert. The name was submitted as Sophia von Thuringia. As Badger and others have noted, the German form of the place name is Thüringen so we have substituted that form.

William Guiscard. Name and device. Or, a pair of bat's wings, conjoined and displayed, sable within a bordure countercompony vert and argent. As the submittor's documentation noted, Robert Guiscard was the son of Tancred de Hauteville who conquered Sicily (Withycombe, pg. 141).

KINGDOM OF THE MIDDLE

Aelfwine Langhand. Name only.

Amyas Calcularius. Device. Azure, three bezants in fess between three cups inverted in fess and a base argent.

Aonghas O hAonghusa of Stratafon. Name only. The name was submitted as Aonghas O hAnghusa of Strathafon. The citation from MacLysaght which appears in the letter of intent only supports the form of "hAonghusa". As "Strathafon" combines the Scots "Strath" and the Welsh "Afon", the place name as such is not acceptable. (Although Welsh and Gaelic come from the same linguistic family, they are not the same language.) As Targe indicates that the submittor badly wants "afon" for personal reasons, we have adopted the suggestion of Brachet for a close period Welsh formation "Stratafon".

Ariadne Athingana of Ravenglass. Name and device. Argent, on a bend sinister purpure a weaver's shuttle argent, all within a bordure purpure, mulletty argent. The name was submitted as Ariadne Athingani of Ravenglass. As White Stag has noted, it is necessary for the adjective to agree with the feminine given name Ariadne so we have changed the final vowel to an "a" (The "e" suggested by White Stag is also feasible for a number of medieval Greek dialects, but is more likely to result in an incorrect number of syllables when pronounced by a herald who is not fluent in period Greek.) Note that, were the initial a here derived from elision of the article, White Stag would be correct in stating that the "rough breathing" (usually rendered in English by an "h") should be included. However, this is actually a pretonic vowel inserted before an initial consonant combination which is not native to Greek but derived from the loan word. These vowels are not uncommonly inserted in popular speech t ease pronunciation (the analogy in English is the "uh" sound frequently inserted in "pneumonia"). In mediaeval Greek such pretonic vowels, even when they were part of an original noun formation, often dropped out of use in idiomatic speech (and hence in spelling which was even more phonetic in Greek than in most other European languages). Thus you have formations like "ligos" for "oligos" ("small"), "gidi" for "aigidion" ("goat"), etc. Note at the same time that from the documentation the "th" sound here is a period consonant alteration after the vowel was supplied so that the "Tchinganes" of Turkish languages are "smoothed" after the vowel has been supplied to assist pronunciation to the even smoother aspirated "t" sound.

Artair MacArtair of Orkney. Device. Azure, a lymphad under a full sail argent within a bordure argent, crusilly fitchy azure.

Bjorn Sveinssen. Name only.

Branwen o'r Gelli Aur. Name and device. Per pale purpure and gules, a fret between four decrescents Or. The name was submitted as Branwen o y Gelli Aur. As Brachet has pointed out, the form of the article is governed by whether it follows a vowel and whether it precedes a consonant. Here the form should be elided following the vowel but retain the consonant to be "o'r" rather than "o y".

Bronwen D'Arcy of Strathafon. Name only. The name was submitted as Bronwen D'Arcy of Strathafon. As with the name of aonghas O hAonghusa of Stratafon above, the name has been changed to make the place name entirely Welsh.

Carraig Ban, Barony of. Device. Per chevron vert, semy of castle argent, and argent, in base a laurel wreath vert.

Ciaran Dubhlachlan. Name only.

Codran Bloodaxe. Name only.

Colm Llewelyn. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Colm Llewelyn of Wales. This brought it in conflict with both Llewlyn the Great and his grandson Llewelyn ap Gruffudd (known as the last prince of Wales).

Garrett Steele the Fox. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Guillaume di San Marino. Name and device. Or, a cross portate pean, in dexter chief a goutte de sang. Strangely enough, we could find no evidence for a ruling noble in San Marino. Indeed, San Marino claims to be the oldest continuous republican state in the world, asserting that it was found by San Marinus in the fourth century A.D. and that it has been ruled by a representative council ever since.

Guillaume di San Marino. Badge. Pean, a tower argent, issuant from its battlements two plumes pendant to base argent. The blazon on the letter of intent called the feathers "ostrich plumes" but the emblazon depicted identifiable peacock plumes. In this particular case, generic plumes are probably all that is required.

Halldor Rauthbjorn. Name only.

Jasper the Galloglach. Name and device. Argent, a phoenix, head to sinister, and in chief three crosses couped azure.

John Frye. Name and device. Argent, on a pale rayonny gules, a garden rose Or, slipped and leaved vert, between two quill pens palewise argent.

Laurence Kleinstadt. Device. Azure, a frame saw fesswise Or and a chief potenty gules and Or. Please ask the submittor to draw the chief with a greater number of rows of tincture to make the colouration more clearly potenty.

Margherita Alessia. Name and device. Purpure, a sword palewise Or between two winged cats combattant, that to dexter argent, that to sinister Or. The name was submitted as Ghita Alessia. As this is a diminutive form, we have substituted the full form of the name from which it is derived.

Maximilian Geist. Name and device. Gyronny sable and argent, in pale three ferrets statant to sinister gules within a bordure counterchanged. The name was submitted as Maximilain Geist von Böhmen. Unfortunately, Targe was incorrect in stating that "no ruler of Bohemia seems to have been named Maximillian". In fact, Maximilian II, a contemporary of Elizabeth of England, was not only Holy Roman Emperor but also King of Bohemia and Hungary whose arms he displayed on his own personal armoury. We have therefore dropped the place name to register the remainder of the submission.

Rabiah of the Misty Mountains. Device. Vert, three chevronels braced argent within a bordure Or, semy of fir trees couped vert.

Reynard de Foch of Ravenglass. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Rory O'Tomrair. Name only.

Skraeling Althing, Barony of. Name for Order of the Hare Salient (see RETURNS for badge).

Stephan of Silverforge. Change of name from holding name of Stephan of Würm Wald.

Taj al Hadiya. Name and device. Or, chausee azure, a cat sejant affronty azure, collared Or, between in base two peacock feathers Or.

Tatiana Keenan. Name only.

Thora Freydisardottir. Name only.

Vaclav Semjaka. Name only.

Vittoria Camilla Riola di Fiorenza. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Waldemar the Mad. Name only.

Wilhelm von Fünfstadtgemeiden. Device. Per chevron sable and Or, a chevron between five crosses botonny fitchy, one, two and two counterchanged.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Agharet Aethnen filia Cuneddae. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Llamrei y Aethnen filia Cunedda, with a notation that Angharad would be an acceptable substitute were "llamrie" found unregisterable. As Brachet has noted, "Llamrei" is documented in period sources only as the name of a horse and appears descriptive. Following the advice of Brachet, which White Stag indicated was acceptable to the submittor, we have modified the name. One change not suggested by Brachet was made to the patronymic. As the evidence of Nennius indicates that the name of "Cuneda" was treated as a standard first declension noun akin to "agricola" (Chapter 15: "expulsi sunt a Cuneda. . .") and not as an indeclinable noun, we have used the genitive ending appropriate after "filia".

Alexandre Lerot d'Avignon. Blazon correct. Per pale wavy purpure and argent, a serpent, glissant palewise and sinister facing, and a wolf rampant sable. When registered in September, 1988, the wolf was accidentally blazoned as "sinister" (Freudian slip?).

Anastazia Winogrodzka. Badge. A water bouget purpure charged with two whelks palewise Or.

Angelique Rivez de Hellsgate. Name and device. Sable, in saltire two batons between four crescents in cross, horns outwards, on a chief argent, three crescents purpure. As Crescent and a couple of New York born members of the Laurel staff noted, the Hellsgate is a plausible period place name on earth since it is the name applied to one of the most famous channels in the port of New York. The name was applied at least as early as 1614 (in its Dutch form of "Hellegat"). The use of the French "de" with English place names has been well documented in the past.

Beatrix von Wertenberg. Device. Sable, a saltire chequy argent and gules, overall a lion rampant to sinister Or.

Daved Schmuel ben Rachon. Change of name Daved Schmuial ben Rachon (see RETURNS for badge).

Diedre of the Wilds. Badge for Tempus Perditum. A four-petalled rose saltirewise gules, barbed vert, charged with a chalice Or, all within a torse wreathed gules and Or.

Erasmierz Waspanieski. Release of device. Or, a gurges sable.

Erasmierz Waspanieski. Badge. A mandrake's head eradicated Or, jessant of a cross crosslet fitchy quadrate, the limbs quadrate and square-pierced gules.

Eric Blaxton. Badge. Argent, scaly sable, a mullet of four points, set saltirewise and elongated to sinister base azure. This is somewhat unbalanced but legal.

Heinrich der Jäger. Device. Gules, a winged unicorn salient within a bordure embattled Or. The submittor has been granted permission to conflict with Ian Michael of Greyhaven ("Gules, a unicorn counter-salient Or, attired, crined and unguled argent".), although the addition of the bordure in fact removes the previously existing conflict.

Konrad von Greifswald. Device. Pily bendy gules and argent, an escarbuncle counter-ermine. When registered in September, 1988, a typographical error rendered the field "paly".

Mirianna Wrenne of Ravenswood. Name and device. Per bend purpure and gules, on a bend indented flory on the outer points between two wrens close Or, three columbines purpure, slipped and leaved vert.

Nicole de Saint Clair. Device. Sable, an orle crusilly fitchy counter-crusilly fitchy Or. This does not conflict with Jean Louis de la Bete ("Sable, on a sun Or, a lion rampant reguardant sable, all within a tressure demiflory Or."). To see this clearly, pretend that the current submission was the existing armoury. Jean Louis would add a primary charge for a major point, a tertiary charge for a minor point and significantly modify the orle for another minor point.

Outlands, Queen of the. Blazon correction. Vert, a hind salient argent, unguled, and in chief a Saxon crown, all within a wreath of roses, lying as on a bordure, Or. The tincture of the hind was omitted when this was registered in October, 1988.

Patrick of the Quietwood. Change of name from Patrick the Lost.

Phillippa McCallum. Device. Plumetty Or and gules, a horse's head, couped and sinister facing, between three annulets argent.

Rachel of Ravenskeep. Name only.

Rowanne of Hamilton. Name only.

Thora of the Outlands. Badge. A rose Or, pierced by a cross crosslet fitchy sable. The submission was made under the name Tara av Asgadr and is registered above under the holding name issued when her device was registered in February, 1989.

Tiphanie d'Aquitaine. Device. Azure, on a pile wavy between in base two set of four pheons conjoined in cross, barbs to center, Or, a grasshopper tergiant palewise vert.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Alienor Flannabhar. Name and device. Vert, four sexfoils in cross argent, seeded sable, within a bordure argent. The name was submitted as Alienor Flannabhra. The form is derived from the surname "O Flannabhra" which has the epithet (red eyebrow) in the genitive as one would expect in a patronymic. While some patronymics did drop the "O" or become adjectival, especially with feminine names (e.g., "Maire Charthach" rather than "Maire ni Charthaigh"), grammar was usually retained so that the genitive would not directly modify the given name in the nominative. An exception to this, of course, are the sort of English translations which are not sensitive to the case structure in Irish, but they would not retain the unusual genitive here. As the name is epithetic in origin, it would apply to the lady as well as to a forebear, but must be placed in the nominative as we have done.

Boris of Bedlam. Name and device. Azure, a three-headed wolf rampant, heads dexter facing, guardant and reguardant, and on a chief Or, three wolves' pawprint azure.

Caiomhin o Fiodhabhra. Change of Kevin O'Fiodhabra.

Castillo de los Lobos, Shire of. Sable, on a bezant within a laurel wreath Or, a wolf rampant gules, a chief dovetailed Or.

Cathasach of Rocktown. Device. Argent, three triple-peaked mountains couped azure.

Duncan Saxthorpe of Alnwick. Name and device. Per bend argent and azure, a ram rampant to sinister counterchanged.

Edwin Gründrache. Name only.

Elizabeth of the Blue Rose. Name only. For a discussion of the issue of household name protection, see the cover letter. The name was pended from the February meeting.

Emrys Llewellyn. Name only. For a discussion of the issue of household name protection, see the cover letter. The name was pended from the January meeting.

Erich al-Kafir. Name only. The name was submitted as Erich al-Khafir. As Star has indicated that the transliteration with an initial "kh" does not produce the meaning desired, we have changed the initial consonant to give a documented form for the Arabic "unbeliever".

Faelan O Taithligh. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and vert, a stag's head affronty erased argent, attired Or, in chief three mullets in fess argent.

Gilchrist Morgan. Name and device. Argent, a cross doubly parted and fretted, on a chief azure two tankards argent.

Gillam Adestan. Name only.

James Nightstriker. Name and device. Sable, two lightning bolts in saltire between in fess two swords palewise and in chief a decrescent, all within a bordure Or.

Lavinia of the Tyrol. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and vert, ermined Or, in dexter chief a harp vert. The name was submitted as Lavinia of Tyrol. As Green Anchor has noted, in English this is referred to as "the Tyrol" so we have added the article. Note that the Lavinia of classical fame was associated with Latium, not the north of Italy.

Myfanwy Elen o Gaerfyrddin. Name and device. Quarterly argent and azure, four owls within an orle, all counterchanged.

Oksana Vladislavovna Soroka. Badge. Per pale and per bend gules and argent, a sea-magpie sable, marked argent.

Raymond von dem Löwengrab. Name and device. Or, a bend sinister pean, cotised, between two chalices sable.

Timo Auliksenpoika. Device. Sable, a pale argent between two swords inverted Or, a chief argent.

West, Kingdom of. Title for Black Wing Pursuivant.

William Elleison. Name and device. Or, two chevrons cotised and in base an armored arm embowed fesswise sable.

Wolfram the Smith. Name only. For a discussion of the issue of household name protection, see the cover letter. The name was pended from the July meeting and pended again in January.

Returns

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

Aine Aislin Stirling. Name and device. Per chevron sable and argent, a chevron counterchanged between in chief a plate between in fess a decresent and an increscent argent and in base a thistle, slipped and leaved proper. As Hund has noted, since all changes are to the secondary charges, this is in conflict with the device registered in June, 1988, for Gwenhwyfar Trelowarth ("Per chevron sable and argent, a chevron counterchanged between a dove displayed argent and a wolf's head, erased and sinister facing, sable.").

Bors of Lothian. Device. Per fess vert and gules, on a fess embattled counter-embattled Or a raven displayed sable. As Green Anchor has noted, this is in conflict with the flag of Ethiopia which may be blazoned either "Tierced per fess vert, Or and gules." or "Per fess vert and gules, a fess Or." As this is a territorial flag, two full points of difference are required (DR1a).

Derric Greywolf. Device. Or, on a bend sinister pean a wolf passant to sinister ululant argent. The original return of this device for conflict with Maria del Gato ("Or, a bend sinister pean between two quills pens crossed in base azure and a cat sejant affronty sable.") was appealed on the grounds that a major point should be given for removal of the pens and another major point for removal of the cat. However, the pens and the cat are a single group of charges and at most a single major pint can be derived from their removal. The conflict stands.

Mikael of Monmothshire. Badge. Or, a gusset azure and a sinister gusset gules. We had to agree with Brachet that this is in conflict with Regulus of Vinhold ("Or, two gores sable."). The distinction between the gore and gusset seems to be more a distinction than a difference and many heraldic authors (for example, Woodward, p. 689) consider the two to be the same charge.

Ulf Gunnarsson. Device. Argent, a raven displayed, wings inverted, proper, maintaining in the dexter talon an axe bendwise gules and in the sinister talan a harp sable, a base azure. Conflict with Haakon Redbeard ("Argent, a raven displayed with wings inverted proper, on its breast an inverted tau cross Or.") There is a major point for the addition of the base, but, to quote Brachet, "we don't believe you can get a full point to the changes to the frou-frou".

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Lynne the Farrover. Change of name from Bonnie of Madrone. Since the reasons for the return of March, 1988, were not adequately addressed in the letter of intent, it is relevant to quote the original return in its entirety: Æstel made a valiant attempt to be persuasive that the given name could be formed as an Old English construct from the protheme "Lyn" (as in "Lynsige") and "-ne" (as in "Tilne"). Unfortunately, evidence is that the lady wishes a monosyllable name rather than the bisyllable this would produce and under our current rules relatively strong evidence for the actual existence of the form is required since "Lynn" and its variants are well attested as modern diminutives for Caroline and other names and in period "lynn" is a common noun (as in the geographic name King's Lynn). The problems will also affect the shorter variants "Lyn" and "lin" suggested as alternates by the submitter (note as well that "lin" is a common noun in Old English, referring to flax or to a linen cloth of napkin). The letter of intent merely repeated the original argument for the name as a construct from Old English linguistic elements and did not address the issue of its use as a "pet name" or a common noun by providing any evidence for the actual use of the name as such in period, whatever the spelling (and the submittor indicted on her forms that the spelling is "crucial"). As it happens, the weight of evidence for the use of the name is that it is a twentieth-century diminutive form. As Star had noted Dunkling and Gosling (Dictionary of First Names, p. 268) quite firmly place the name in this century, the earliest citations of the name being those of the theatrical personages Lynn Fontiane and Lynn Bari. Note too that Reaney (Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 223) cites "Lynn", "Lynne", etc. as surnames of origin from King's Lynn. all this being the case, under the current rules it is necessary to provide considerably stronger evidence for the use of the name than has been provided. With regard to the byname, it might be wise to suggest to the submittor that the separation into its component elements "Far Rover" would be less confusing, clarify the meaning and ensure that is was spelled correctly. At least one member of the College was not entirely sure whether this was a typo for "Farrower", which would probably be an embarrassing reading for the submittor since she is not a sow.

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

Anne de Junius. Hame for Hadrian House. This is in conflict with the famous palace built by the emperor Hadrian near Tivoli. While this is commonly referred to in modern guidebooks as "Hadrian's Villa", it is also called "Domus Hadrians" (i.e., "Hadrian's House") in period and modern sources. This site was not only known at the beginning of our period, it was also quite famous in the Renaissance since excavation of the site began under Pope Alexander VI and many of the works of art with which Cardinal Ippolito d'Este decorated the Villa d'Este in the mid-sixteenth century came from this site.

Barak ben Canaan. Name only. The name was submitted as an appeal from Aten who had returned the name for conflict with the character Barak Ben Canaan in the novel Exodus by Leon Uris. Opinion in the College was virtually unanimous that Mistress Marta had acted correctly in calling the conflict.

David de los Caballos. Device. Gules, a horse rampant between six mullets of six points in orle Or. Conflict with Lourana Moonwind "Gules, a decrescent moon within an orle of mullets Or."): the visual difference between the bullets of five points and the mullets of six points is so diminished by their size that it is negligible here.

Margaret Blakesley. Device. Per pale purpure and erminois, a natural leopard's face jessant-de-lis counterchanged. A comparison of the emblazons reveals that there is indeed a conflict with the badge of Parlan MacFallon ("A wolf's head jessant-de-lis purpure."): while there is a major point for the tincture modification, the differences between the two beasts head's cabossed become virtually invisible when the fleur-de-lis is added.

Wolfram der Jäger Device. Or, a bend azure between an eagle displayed, wings inverted, sable and a cluster of oakleaves fructed vert. Conflict with Badye ("Or, a bend azure.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1919) as well as with Sula von Pferdenthal ("Or, on a bend azure two horse's heads cabossed argent.").

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA.

Morgan MacDonald McCrae. Device. Per bend sinister azure and gules, a crescent argent surmounted by an arrow palewise inverted between in bend a mullet Or and bezant. It was the consensus of the commentors that this was "slot machine heraldry" and by definition in contravention of AR6c.

Morgan MacDonald McCrae. Badge. Or, a dexter hand appaumy vert, overall a sword palewise argent. As charges overall are tested for contrast with the field (AR4), this violates the rules of contrast.

Moriah of Land's End. Name only. The name had previously been returned because "Moriah" is a Biblical place name (both the land of Moriah cited in the letter of intent and Mount Moriah which is the location of the sacrifice of Isaac) and has not been documented as a given name. The submittor, who had derived the name from Kolatch, contacted the author who very kindly responded, indicating that he had no evidence of the name being used before the twentieth century. The submittor then argues that the name "Moriah" is actually probably a tribal name and that, like other Semitic tribal names, it could also be used as a given name. The problem with this latter line of argument is that the twelve tribes were all specifically descended from eponymous founders in the twelve sons of Jacob. The use of the personal names then precedes the usage as a place name. Not all personal names become place names and the majority of places names in Palestine are not derived from personal names so that the logic fails. ("All trees are alive, some trees are green, all tress are green" is the classic faulty logic.) While the submitter apparently allowed alternative, the College really does not consider alternative submissions and, in this case, no documentation was provided to the College for the alternative which were not "common usage".

Niall O'Callchobair. Vert, a whelk shell palewise between two flaunches argent. Conflict with Brian Corwin Kilpadriag ("Vert, a Celtic cross between two flaunches argent each charged with a shamrock vert."). The "Point and a Half Rule" specifically states that the primary charge in question must be the "dominant" part of the design (DR7), which the shell here clearly is not. Flaunches are by definition visually more complex than a bordure or chief so that the fact that one set of flaunches is charged detracts from the simplicity enough that the "Point and a Half Rule" cannot apply.

Nöckl Redhand. Name only. The name was submitted with the given name documented as meaning "rounded hill" from Bahlow's Deutsches Namenlexikon. The citation does prove this meaning, although the name is clearly listed as a surname, not a given name. It also supports the usage as a diminutive form from the early German name "Notget" or "Nicher" (as in the name of the famous monk Notger balbulus), but the only period example of the diminutive form adduced shows it as a surname.

Rhiannon Bloodsong. Name and device. Argent, in chief a wheel gules between two flaunches purpure. Although the bulk of the commentors did not share the minority view that he byname might cause offense through its "bloodiness", it does seem inadvisable in the context of the given name Rhiannon. As punishment for her supposed crime of killing her newborn son, Rhiannon was condemned to sit at the gate and tell (some sources say "sing") the story of her guilt, i.e., how she had been found with her hands smeared with blood on the morning after she gave birth and thus was presumed to have killed the child who had vanished in the night. The device unfortunately conflicts with that registered to Sebestain Hawkwood in December, 1988 ("Argent, a hawk's head erased and affronty gules between two flaunches purpure.").

Seamus O'Day. Device. Vert, a bend sinister argent, overall a lion's head, couped and sinister facing Or. Conflict with Jehanne de Lyonesse ("Vert, a lion's head affronty Or, orbed vert."). AS the tincture of the eyes creates no difference, there is only a major point for the posture of the head.

Timok of Nordheim. Change of name from Timothy of Nordheim. As Green Anchor has noted the bureaucratic listing of "Foreign Versions of English Names" is "Not too reliable as it freely mixes foreign diminutives with root names." Several searches of Russian names sources do not reveal "Timok" as a period diminutive form, much less a radical form and we are compelled to believe that this is a modern diminutive form for "Timothy"> This is supported by the fact that the alternate offered by the submittor ("Timoshca") is definitely a diminutive form.

Volodimir Vseslavovich Kambionets. Change of name from Volodimir of Cambion. There was a considerable feeling in the College that this often resubmitted name should be passed. Some commentors supported the appeal on the basis that "when we can swallow 'of the Yellow Rose' . . . then we should certainly not even gag a little on this." Others felt that in view of the submittor's mundane Russian expertise, the translation of the approved English byname was reasonable, particularly in view of evidence that "-ets" was a period Russian suffix. Still others felt that we were trying to hold Russian to a higher grammatical standard than English. Unfortunately, while Laurel would like to agree, the appeal still did not address the original grounds for return, i.e., that the epithet flatly contravenes the long-standing Laurel precedent that two languages may not be combined in the same word unless there is period evidence for this occurring for the particular languages and elements concerned. The return in December, 1987, made it very clear that this is the problem: "This latter was stated at the time this was returned in July, 1987, to be unacceptable since it joined a non-Slavic root to the Russian suffix "-ets". The submittor has appealed this decision with a truly amazing number of exemplars to demonstrate that Russian will borrow from other languages and tack on the suffix "-ets" to form adjectives of origin. Unfortunately, as far as we can determine, all of these exemplars are out of period and, indeed, most seem to be of twentieth century origin, sometimes spectacularly. Adjective forms such as "kukluksklanovets" (belonging to the Ku Klux Klan), "gitlerovets" (follower of Hitler), "ehsehsovets" (SS member), "Kambodzhiets" (Cambodian), "vegetarianets" "neokanianets" (adhering to neo-Kantian philosophy), "respublikanets" (belonging to the Republican party), etc. do not really support the argument that "Kambionets" would be a period Russian byname." The submittor's eloquent appeal includes ample evidence for "-ets" as a period suffix, but this was never really the issue. The central issue was the use of blatantly foreign name element conjoined to a Russian suffix. As far as we can determine, the period examples cited in the letter of appeal did not use "alien" linguistic elements with the suffix. (No analysis of the linguistic source for the elements to which the suffix was appended was provided, merely their usage.) Certainly, the place name Novgorod, which was presented as directly parallel, is Russian. For years the College has regularly modified or returned names which united more than one languages in a single word or phrase (Guillaumesdottir", "de Firenze", et.). even where these are "linguistically compatible", i.e. all from Romance languages or celtic languages, etc. Exceptions such as the use of the French "de" with English place have only been allowed after significant evidence has been produced for such usage in period. No such evidence has been provided here, either for the submission itself or for its proposed alternate "Kambionskj", although the citation referring to Turks comes very close for the latter. While Laurel shares the desire of most commentors to register this submission, to do so without clear evidence to support the use of clearly foreign elements unmodified with this suffix in period Russian because the byname "sounds right" would be to break with one of the basis requirements for Society names. If this could be done for the less familiar Russian, then in equity we would have to grant the same lenience to the more familiar French, German, Italian, English, etc. This is something that we feel a majority of the College would not find as acceptable. Sadly, the submission must be returned. However, Laurel would love to see compelling evidence for this usage in period. (Well, it worked for "Bjornsson". . .).

KINGDOM OF CAID

Ann Marie du Moineau Chateau. Name for Kunnungheim. Actually, Habicht and Brachet are correct in noting the existence of the mundane surname "Cunningham" and the place name from which it is derived. This is not merely a question of assonance, but one of appearance, the more so since Black (p. 192) adduces at least one period exemplar of "Kunningham". For the linguistically curios, "him" and the Old English "ham" which passes into such place names as Cunningham, Lewisham, etc. not only look and sound alike but are also cognate, i.e. derive from the same root element and, in this case, have the same meaning.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR.

Bran macDomnhail. Device. Azure, a chevron between two stags combattant and a thistle, slipped and leaved, Or. Conflict with Roderic of Cenydd ("Azure, a chevron Or between a label and a stag's head erased Or.") and Quentin Wrenguard ap Rhys ("Azure, a chevron Or between two doves volant palewise argent and two ram's erased combattant Or."), as well as the mundane arms of Abborne ("Azure, a chevron Or.").

Catlin Ravenlock. Device, Per chevron argent and azure, a chevron between three bats displayed counterchanged. Conflict with Dominic Tremayne ("Per chevron azure and argent, a chevron between three fleurs-de-lis, all counterchanged.").

Christopher Amber. Badge. Per pale sable and gules, a mask of comedy Or, issuant from the dexter eye two gouttes de sang. Conflict with Hal of the Mask ("Sable, a tragic mask Or, featured sable.").

Edmund Jones. Device. Gules, a bicorporate lion within a bordure engrailed Or. Conflict with Martel Slugslayer ("Gyronny of six sable and gules, a lion bicorporate Or.") as well as the mundane arms of Borne ("Gules, a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed Or.", as cited in Papworth, p. 120).

Heather MacRae. Name only. As the letter of intent and several commentors (including Brachet who bears the name mundanely) noted, "Heather" is a modern flower name which would be acceptable only if the submittor bore the name mundanely. This has been the case ever since 1983 when Wilhelm von Schlussel specifically cited it as a post-period "flower name" in ruling against the use of "flower names". (A member of the Laurel staff also mentioned a daughter of Gordon MacRae who performed in a club act with him some years ago . . .).

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

Christopher MacShawn de Galbraith. Device. Sable, a cross enhanced to chief and to dexter, between to sinister a mallet fesswise and a sword palewise enflamed proper. Although this cross has been used in modern heraldry, we were unable to find any use of the extremely unbalanced design in period heraldry. This is just not "period style".

Cler Hélène Mareschal. Device. Per chevron inverted azure and purpure, on a chevron inverted Or, three crosses paty gules. Conflict with Claryce Orfevre ("Per chevron inverted azure and purpure, a chevron inverted Or between a unicorn's head argent, horned and maned and a phoenix Or."): there is a major point of difference for the deletion of the secondary charges and a minor for the addition for the tertiaries.

Hrothgar Bjornsson. Device. Sable, a chevron inverted between a bear's head, erased and affronty, and three compass stars argent. Conflict with Elayna Amavia ("Sable, a chevron inverted and in chief a rose argent, barbed vert, seeded of a heart gules.").

Sean Lannin of Munster. Name only. "It was the unanimous and spontaneous opinion" of the Brachet meeting that this name was too close to that of John Lennon. The Laurel staff felt that the name was even close to that of his younger son, who is rapidly getting to be a major media event "in his own write"[sic].

KINGDOM OF THE MIDDLE

Brenainn O'Murchadha de Ros Comain. Badge for The Brothers Martial of the Cross Damaçon. Four swords conjoined in cross those in pale blades to center, those in fess hilts to center. Since White Staff's article was cited as the source for the use of the swords as a single charge (a cross Damaçon), it should be noted that White Stag in his commentary indicated that the charge was not attested armory not in the standard heraldic works, being derived from Lehrer's Symbols, Signs and Signets. (White Stag did not, however, feel that this debarred them from use of the "charge".) The identity of the swords is not so subsumed in the "cross" here that we can avoid considering them as separate charges. Therefore, we must consider the badge for conflict against other pieces of armory which include swords rather than those with crosses. Since this is fieldless badge, no difference can be derived from the field and so this runs into technical problems with Yseult of Brocelainde ("Argent, four scimitar blades in cross azure.") and Marcus Gladius ("Tierced per pall vert, sable and gules, overall a gladius inverted proper.").

Colm Llewelyn. Device. Per fess sable and Or, a sword inverted proper, its blade entwined by the slips of two roses counterchanged. The blade of the sword lying almost entirely on the Or portion of the field, is virtually unidentifiable even when (especially when?) entwined by the stems of roses.

Enid Aurelia of the Tin Isles. Badge for Household Aurelia at Dorchester. Sable, a square Roman lantern Or, candled argent, enflamed proper, within a bordure Or. There is a conflict with St. Nilus, cited on the letter of intent ("Sable, a sanctuary lamp suspended by chains Or."). As Targe herself said in the letter of intent, "the difference between the lamps is artistic, and thus negligible." This being the case, AR23 comes into play: the addition of a plain bordure is specifically noted as one of the marks of cadency which may not be used as sole difference between Society submissions nd mundane armory. The Laurel staff, like Crescent, felt rather queasy about differencing the name of a Roman imperial gens merely by addition of a place name ("House Plantagenet of Oslo"?).

Garrett Steele the Fox. Device. Sable, a fox sejant affronty argent playing a transverse flute Or. Unfortunately, this conflicts with Wolfangus MhicMairgdhim ("Azure, a wolf sejant affronty, forepaws spread in fess argent, maintaining a basket-hilted broadsword and a targe Or."): while there is a major point for the field and a (relatively weak) minor for the objects held, the two beasts in essentially the same position are nearly identical. Indeed, at least one member of the Laurel staff blazoned the animal as a wolf before the blazon was read.

Madeleine Aurore des Mille Roses. Badge. Gules, an amphora Or charged with a pink garden rose proper. Conflict with Daniel de Tankard ("Gules, a tankard of beer Or, headed argent."). The cumulative changes to the container are worth a strong minor as is the addition of the rose, but this is not enough to carry this clear.

Patri ibn Cariadoc. Name only. Documentation was kindly provided for a name similar in sound to Cariadoc from Arabic of the Crusader period. However, the approximation was not really close enough to justify this form as a transliteration, especially since it has a known identity as a Welsh personal name. Alas! out current rules are quite definite in requiring the patronymic particle to match the language of the name in the patronymic or to use the "lingua franca". Although the name is quite reasonable, given the persona story of Cariadoc of the Boar, we do not register persona stories. . .

Petraia Thule, Canton of. Name and device. Or, a compass star gules within a laurel wreath, in base a chain fesswise throughout, embowed to base, sable, all within a bordure gules. While Habicht is correct in noting the use of Thule in certain occult movements of dubious report and others in noting other modern associations (Prince Valiant was named by some), the primary difficulty of the name is a conflict with the original Thule itself. As Targe noted on the letter of intent, in the ancient sources the location is given only as "Thule" (even in a majority of the Latin sources). The descriptions of the area are uniform: it is in the far north, is rocky and desolate and surrounded by mists and freezing fog and at midsummer the sun never sets. All for the primary candidates for the historic "Thule" are notably rocky, with rocks falling directly to the sea. This is true of the Norse fjord country, of the Shetland Islands and, most notably, of Iceland, which is the most likely candidate for the original "Thule". As the name cannot be registered, neither can the device (holding names are not possible for groups). As noted on the letter of intent, the position of the chain on the proposed device was anomalous (it reminded some of the chains that bar entry to closed parking lots!).

Rask Ulfbjorn. Name only. While "Rask" is a reasonably English form for the Scandinavian "Raski", the documentation provided suggests strongly that that is a diminutive form. As Crescent notes, more solid evidence is needed for its use given the existence of "rask" as a verb in English.

Reynard de Foch of Ravenglass. Device. Pean, a saltire cotised argent, overall a fox rampant gules. Conflict with Keturah Alansdatter of Sondre Lindelin ("Pean, on saltire cotised argent, a sprig of thyme vert.").

Shattered Crystal, Barony of. Badge. Azure, three mascles interlaced in pale argent. Unfortunately, under the special difference rules for mon in DR8, this is still in conflict with Hibino ("Sable, three diamonds in pale voided.").

Skraeling Althing, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Hare Salient. Gules, a hare salient to sinister within a wreath of clover blossoms argent. There was a strong feeling among a number of commentors (and among the Laurel staff who saw the actual emblazon) that the wreath of clover was visually too close to a laurel wreath. Note: that, while groups are required to have a laurel wreath on their arms, they may not have one on their badges.

Vittoria Camilla Riola di Fiorenza. Device. Sable, a dance between three sinister feet couped Or, winged argent. Conflict with Garwynton "(Sable, a fess dancetty between three buglehorns stringed Or.", ibid., p. 770).

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Dafydd the Silvertongue of Deverell. Device. Azure, in dexter canton a compass star elongated to base, the rays to sinister and to base surmounted by the upper and dexter rays of another compass star elongated to base, on a base wavy argent, a bar wavy azure. While the problem of conflict has been addressed, the unbalanced and non-period use of the two compass stars remains. Separating the two stars (or at least conjoining them in a recognizably heraldic manner) would resolve the problem.

David Schmuel ben Rachon. Badge. A golden eagle's head erased, maintaining a red garden rose, slipped and leaved, proper (Aquila Chrysaetos). As this is a fieldless badge, there is a conflict with Hugh Louis ("Per chevron dovetailed Or and sable, in base an eagle's head erased Or."): no difference can be given for the field or for position on the field so the differences are limited to the minor difference for the tincture of the bird and the addition of the rose. Similarly, this is excessively close to the badge of the U.S. 39th Infantry Regiment ("A falcon's head erased Or, holding in the gill an ivy leaf vert.", as cited by Silver Trumpet). Note that a request for reblazon of the device was included with the badge submission. As Crescent has noted, the reblazon had been a result of uniform reblazoning performed at the end of his tenure by the current Laurel's predecessor. While she would be amenable to arguments on the issue, the commentors could not make a reasonable judgement on this request without a depiction of the bird (the vast majority of the College were not commenting when it was registered in March, 1985).

Einrich Armspittsbaine. Badge for Rolling Thunder. Sable, an annulet indented arrondy Or. White Stag is quite correct when he notes that the character, real or rumored, of the group of submittors is irrelevant to the submission. They deserve precisely the same treatment as any other group submitting a household name and badge. The converse of this is that they must be held to the same standards. This being so, we must note that there are problems with both the name and the badge. The name "Rolling Thunder" is far too closely associated with several twentieth century themes for it to be considered truly compatible with the medieval ambience of the Society, even though both components are period. A large number of commentors have picked up on the 'seventies rock tour'. The name for this was apparently derived from the drag racing arena and is in current use today for a series of "hot rod" competitions which are heavily advertised (at least on the East Coast). We suspect that the title of the movie alluded to by Habicht was derived from one or both of these sources. As for the badge, the issue of whether the charge is too similar in concept to a "Shazam" is irrelevant: as Brachet has notes, it is in conflict with Kourost Bernard of the East Woods ("Sable, a sun eclipsed Or."). A comparison between the two indicated that the primary difference is the irregular line of division on the "eclipsing" here, as the "ryas" on the outer edge of the sun are only marginally different in appearance. Visually, the two are startlingly close. Note that the widespread use of unregistered (and unregisterable) emblem does not prove its suitability for Society use. Several people have mentioned the red on black badge of the "Abbey", which has caused stylistic grief to heralds and aesthetes in several kingdom; old timers in the East and Middle will also remember the badge of Duke Dagan's "Killer Elite" which was used for some time at Pennsic to the great distress of many until someone finally got the courage to tell the good duke that it was the badge of an SS regiment!.

Erasmierz Waspanieski. Change of device. Gules, a mandrake, eradicated and displayed Or. Alas! After all his excellent research, debate and artwork, this must be held in conflict with the badge of Migel Gnueyle de Normandie ("Gules, an old man statant affronty, maintaining sword and shield, Or."). The redrawn device, while now clearly distinct from the "tree conflicts", only emphasizes the resemblance. The addition of the charges held and the other changes to the device can at most produce a major difference (and some on the Laurel staff felt that was "pushing it"). It might be worth approaching Migel (late Eastern Crown Herald of the East) and asking for permission to conflict with his badge. . .

Eric Blaxton. Device. Quarterly argent, scaly sable, and azure a mullet of four points elongated to base counterchanged azure and argent. Unfortunately, as Crescent noted, this technically conflicts with the tinctureless badge of Alaine the Novatrix ("A mullet of four points distilling a gout."). [Irreverent (and somewhat bitter) comment from a member of Laurel staff: "Forget household names -- let's repeal protection of tinctureless badges. . ."].

Aghared Aethnen filia Cuneddae. Device. Azure, an aspen tree eradicated argent, leaved, within a bordure embattled Or. Although White Staff submitted new forms and indicated that the submitter would accept a raguly border in his comment letter of 1 March, 1989, this is not a valid substitute for a letter of intent which would allow for complete conflict checking. Since the submitter is not willing to agree to the conditions laid down by Derrick Gunther Valdemar for conflict with his device ("Per pale sable and gules, a tree eradicated argent within a bordure embattled Or."), that conflict still stands. Given the nature of the change, pending the submission seemed inappropriate. (For those who were interested in the nature of the conditions and the reason why the submittor might refuse, the text of the condition reads: "I agree to conflict on a condition. Any device that holds up a tree argent or Or and/or is embattled Or or argent does represent that tree of eternal life found in the holy scriptures of the Hebrews and the writtings [sic] of those followers of the only true Son of God which is Jesus Christ. The stipulation is that the lady who does wish to register this device must vow a vow to her local herald with two other nobles present and signing as witness that if ever asked what this tree represents she will answer "The tree of eternal life which is found in heaven in care of Jesus Christ the only true Son of God. . .".

Nicole de Saint Clair. Badge. A rose sable, seeded and barbed of five crosses crosslet fitchy Or. Conflict with the badge of the Queen of Ansteorra ("A rose sable, charged with a rose Or, thereon a mullet of five greater and five lesser points Or."). The usage of the crosses as barbing substitutes diminishes their importance materially (the "fitchy" part of the crosses is entirely interlaced with the rose),increasing the visual assonance with this badge, which is royal heraldry, at least in Society terms. A conflict also exists with Sylvester von Beerberg "Argent, on a rose sable, barbed vert, a death's head argent."):no difference can be adduced for the field and the most that can be derived from the addition of the tertiary is a minor point of difference since it is not placed on an ordinary.

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Title for Puca na n-Adharc Herald. Withdrawn at request of White Stag Principal Herald.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Rodney Wilhelm Czensny. Badge. Argent, a hawk's head, erased and sinister facing, gules. Technically, this is in conflict with the device of Garanhir of Ness ("Argent, a wolf's head erased and sinister facing gules."), as noted by Crescent. In point of fact, it is difficult to see how more than a single major point of difference can be derived here since both heads are more or less identical to dexter and base, differing only in the addition of the wolf's ears and the outline of the face. As Sir Garanhir has a rather latitudinarian attitude towards conflict, a letter of permission could probably be acquired, however . . .

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