THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR

Alyna Wolfstan. Device. Checky azure and argent, on a bend engrailed between two double roses gules three fans palewise Or.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Name for Honor of the Lion's Heart.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Name for Honor of the Lion's Rapier.

Andrew McClaine. Name and device. Paly vert and argent, on a chief indented purpure three fleurs-de-lis argent.

Arianwen verch Kynwraidd ap Aeddan. Device. Vert, a bull dormant and on a chief Or three roses proper.

Christine Wolfstan. Device. Per bend sinister wavy purpure and Or, two sea unicorns contourny counterchanged.

Chrystiana Saint Ebremond. Name.

Submitted as Chrystianna Saint Ébremond, the doubling of the "n" appears from the evidence to be an 18th Century usage. Given the clearly English provenance of the given name, the accent in the byname is very unlikely; we have substituted the Englished form. (If she would like a French form of the name, the closest is Christiane Saint Ébremond.

Cyrus Hammerhand. Device. Quarterly ermine and sable, a griffin segreant contourny dismembered gules maintaining a hammer argent between three mullets counterchanged sable and argent.

Please ask the submitter to draw the mullets larger; the one in dexter chief particularly tends to get "lost" in the ermine spots.

Eoin Piers. Name.

Please tell the submitter that a more likely form would be Eoin Piaras.

Iain Alasdair MacKenzie. Name.

John Wolfstan. Badge. [Fieldless] On a wolf's head erased ululant contourny argent a double rose gules.

Karl Redstone. Name and device. Quarterly gules and sable, a sword inverted proper within a bordure Or.

Though the mini-emblazon showed the sword to be throughout, it is not on the large emblazon.

Laura MacConoch. Name and device. Or, a sheaf of artists brushes sable.

Submitted as Laura MacConnach, there is in Gaelic a large difference between MacCoinnich (the name of which the submitted form is said to be a variant) and MacConnach; the distinction between the 'slender' vowels e and i on the one hand and the 'broad' a, o, and u on the other is pretty fundamental. We have substituted a form, matching as closely as reasonable the submitted form, of the documented Makconoch.

Lavina de Beaujolais. Name and device. Purpure, three roses in bend Or, a bordure invected Or semy-de-lis purpure.

Mersi Stonegate. Name and device. Barry wavy azure and argent, on an inescutcheon gules a Dolmen Or.

Submitted as Mirsigha Stonegate, -sigha does not appear to be justifiable without much better evidence than is now available. Mersige is, according to Palimpsest, a reasonable OE construction, and Mersi or Mersy would be its normal ME reflexes. We have substituted the one the submitter prefers.

Robert Bloodaxe. Name.

Robert of Carlisle. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, three helms affronty counterchanged.

Nice armory!

Sheron of Three Mountains. Holding name and device. Azure, a winged lynx rampant in chief a mullet between a decrescent and an increscent argent.

Submitted as Mredyth Vetrgaupa, the name was returned in the May 1994 LoAR.

Tamlyn of Wyntersea. Name change from Tamlyn of Dragonmore.

Though the proposed derivation in the LoI for the locative does not seem likely, Palimpsest suggested a likelier derivation from OE Wintres êg (island or piece of land owned by a man named Winter), of which Wintersea is a possible modern reflex. The i/y switch in English is well-documented (the COED shows wynter as a spelling of winter as early as the 13th C.).

Three Mountains, Barony of. Badge. Azure, three triangles in bend argent.

Three Mountains, Barony of. Badge. Argent, three triangles in bend azure.

Waldemar Kendrik Tavenor. Name.

ANSTEORRA

Adelicia Gilwell. Badge change. [Fieldless] An owl Or.

Her currently registered badge, Gules, an owl perched on a branch, within an annulet invected on its outer edge Or, is released.

Angus Patrick de Ruthven. Device. Argent, on a pale between two fleurs-de-lis gules an axe reversed argent.

This was pended from the May 1994 Laurel meeting.

Anna Caitlin MacFergus. Name.

Brighid Ellen Seward. Name.

Cecelya Capelet. Name and device. Per chevron inverted sable and gules, a maiden's head couped proper, crined Or, between three ankhs argent.

Submitted as Cecelya Capulet, Shakespeare's use of Capulet is insufficient to establish it as an actual name. The available Italian sources suggest that Capulet is probably a distortion of Cap(p)elletti (and that Montague is similarly a distortion of Montecchi). We have substituted, at Palimpsest's suggestion, Capelet, an occupational byname for a maker of chaplets (small hats; chaplets, garlands).

Chiang Ti Lung. Name.

Submitted as Chaing Ti Lung on the LoI, the transposition of the "a" and the "i" in the given was a typographical error.

Daniel de Lincoln. Device change. Per chevron embattled argent and azure.

Nice armory. His currently registered device, Azure, four coneys rampant in saltire heads to center conjoined by the ears in annulo argent playing bagpipes Or, becomes a badge.

Dave of the Wastelands. Holding name and device. Argent, a sinister wing between three compass stars sable.

Submitted as William Blackwing.

Díghe na Mara. Name.

Submitted as Díghe NaMara, the "clan name" was not supported by the documentation, which noted that Mac Namara is derived from Mac Conmara). We have substituted the correct grammar for "of the sea".

Egan MacFergus. Name.

Eirik Silver Ferret. Name.

Submitted as Eirik Silverferret, the existence of Silver and Ferret as period surnames, as noted in the LoI, no more justifies Silverferret than the existence of Smith and Jones justifies Smithjones. We have therefore registered the name as an (extremely rare in period) double surname.

Gabriela Silver Fox. Name and device. Argent, on an inescutcheon azure between three foxes courant gules, a fox's mask argent.

Gita Ameena al-Rashida. Device. Gules, a talbot passant argent goutte de poix within a bordure counter-compony argent and sable.

Versus Comberford (Papworth, p. 60), Gules, a talbot passant argent, there are CDs for the addition of the bordure and for the addition of the semy to the dog, which is certainly the equivalent of ermine, for which we would allow a CD from argent.

Gretchen Constantine. Device. Per chevron inverted azure and gules, a badger rampant contourny and a chief argent.

Heafoc Egle. Device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, an arrow bendwise Or and in sinister chief a hawk rising, wings elevated and addorsed..

Iain Dougall MacDuff. Device. Azure, a bend sinister embattled between two griffins segreant argent.

James Cullen O'Lynchehan. Name and device. Per pall ermine, azure and gules, in fess a sword argent and a lion rampant Or.

Submitted as James Cullun O'Lynchehan on the LoI, the second "u" in Cullen was a typo.

Johann Gunnbjörnsson. Name.

Joscelyn Jentyl. Device. Azure, a unicorn's head erased argent, armed Or, and on a chief wavy argent three bells azure.

Versus Glynys of Arran (SCA), Azure, a unicorn's head couped,on a chief nebuly argent a thistle proper, there are CDs for the multiple changes to the tertiaries and for the difference between nebuly and wavy.

Juana de Córdoba. Name.

Submitted as Juana De Córdoba, the particle is not normally capitalized, and indeed, was not capitalized on the submitter's forms.

Kormak Ivanson. Device. Chevronelly inverted Or and sable, two labrys argent and a wingless dragon rampant gules.

Llywelyn Gruffydd of Elfsea. Name and device. Vert, three cattails slipped and leaved conjoined at the base argent.

Lyelf the Lame. Name change from Lyelf Hrothbjortsson the Lame.

Submitted as Lylelf the Lame on the LoI, the central "l" in the given was a typo, appearing neither in the already registered name or on the submitter's forms.

Marcus McKeon of Clan McKeeman. Device. Per chevron dovetailed sable and argent, two dragonflies and an owl displayed counterchanged.

Marlene Moneta. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Though Marlene is, as Withycombe notes, "a name devised for the German film actress Marlene Dietrich, by telescoping her original name of Maria Magdalena" and thus, post-period, it is also the submitter's legal middle name; hence, the Legal Name Allowance applies here.

Matheu Matson. Name.

Submitted as Matheu Mathison, the submitter originally wanted Matson, which several commenters were able to document from Bardsley, p. 521, under Matts.

Mathilde Brotbäcker. Name.

Maud Alysoun de Faraby. Device. Per saltire purpure and Or, four bees counterchanged.

Nice armory!

Mendersham, Shire of. Device. Azure, semy of needles argent, a laurel wreath Or.

Musashi Kirimaro. Name.

Nanna Vála of Trondelag. Name.

Submitted as Nanna Valin of Trondelag, Valin appears to be an error; neither Lind, Geirr Bassi, nor Cleasby has any such entry. The name Váli or Vali may have been intended; the latter is well-attested in human use. Though normal usage would require a patronymic in this position in the name (Valadóttir), Fellows Jensen says that Váli is an original byname meaning 'foreign' and that that is how it is appears in later West Scandinavian records. Since Nanna is feminine, the byname would presumably here take the form Vála, which is closer to Valin than is the patronymic form Valadóttir.

Patrick Donovan of Warwick. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Patrick Donovan Warwick, the use of double surnames (or double given names) in English was very late period, and rare enough to be remarkable. (The 1086 citation from Reaney & Wilson is actually for Turchil de Waruuic; the documentation has been overstated.) Since the submitter allowed changes, we have added the article to make a more likely form.

Perronnelle Charrette de La Tour du Pin. Name.

Submitted as Perronnelle Charrette de La Tour-du-Pin, the hyphens in the placename are modern. As the submitter allowed minor changes, we have removed them.

Ricardo de Montague. Device. Checky argent and vert, two hares combattant gules.

Versus Barony of Skraeling Althing (SCA), A lyre Or sustained by two hares salient respectant sable (as reblazoned in the accompanying Errata letter), there are CDs for fielded vs. fieldless and for the removal of the primary charge (the lyre).

Sean O'Nolan. Device. Quarterly embattled Or and sable, in bend two lions rampant and in bend sinister two eagles displayed counterchanged.

As noted by a number of commenters, in spite of the line of division, this looks like quartered arms. It is also, however, specifically legal by our rules, in this case XI.3.a.

Tiernan Shepherd. Name.

Zara of Bethany. Name.

ATENVELDT

Alistair Ian McGregor. Name.

Anastasia Marina van der Zee. Name and device. Per chevron throughout vert and Or, two estoiles and a sea-pithon erect and nowed counterchanged.

Submitted as Anastasia Marina van der See, Dutch for "of the sea" is van der Zee.

Versus Sarah Jane Mander of Wenlock (SCA), Per chevron vert and Or, two estoiles and dragon passant within a bordure all counterchanged, as cited by Argent Snail, there are CDs for the removal of the bordure and for the difference in posture (erect [mostly vertical] vs. passant [mostly horizontal]) of the monsters, without ever having to worry about whether there is one between a sea-pithon/legless wyvern and a dragon.

Angus Phelan Stewart. Name.

Submitted as Angus Phelen Stewart, no one found any documentation which would justify the second "e" instead of "a" in Phelan. We have therefore substituted the documented form.

Aoife ní Chiarán of Durrow. Name and device. Vert, a lion passant regardant maintaining an annulet, on a chief invected Or three annulets vert.

Submitted as Aoife ni Ciarán of Durrow, we have added a fada to the patronymic particle for consistency's sake, and placed the patronym into the genitive case and aspirated it, as is required after .

Arabella Moira of Heatherhill. Device. Vert, a stag trippant contourny, on a chief embattled argent two roses purpure.

Bronzehelm, Shire of. Badge. Azure, a helm affronty Or, a chief indented argent.

Catlin Lindsay. Name.

Coinneach Ó Domhnaill. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Coinneach O'Donnell. Period names even in Britain did not mix Gaelic and Anglicized forms. We have therefor substituted the Gaelic form of the patronymic to match the given.

Cyra Shea O'Malley. Name (send PENDING for device).

Cyra is not a feminine form of Cyrus, which seems never to have developed a feminine form. The closest anyone could suggest to the given is Kiera, registered in 1992 on the basis of a listing in Butler's Lives of the Saints for a female Irish saint Kiara circa 680. This may be as close as we can come with a name that is culturally compatible with the surnames, but was a greater change than we thought we could reasonably make without consulting the submitter. A second difficulty is the overall formation of the name. The Irish in period do not use double surnames (or double given names, for that matter). Kiera O'Malley would be unproblematical. Palimpsest also suggested Ciara ségda Ó Máille.

Deaton Claymore. Device change. Vert, two claymores in saltire surmounted by a third inverted proper, enfiling a ducal coronet Or.

His currently registered device, Vert, two claymores in saltire surmounted by a third inverted proper, is retained as a badge.

Devora Risee de Apors. Badge. [Fieldless] In pale a reremouse inverted holding in its wing-claws a pear Or.

While the inversion of the bat is unusual, it remains (even at a distance) identifiable, and the original return by Laurel was for conflict; there was no mention of the unorthodox posture of the bat. Because of the bird-like nature of the bat, we believe that it should be allowed a posture which is not so very different from "migrant to base", which posture has not been disallowed under the ban on "inverted creatures" noted in the September 1993 LoAR.

Domingo Marín de León. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and Or. a lion's head Or and a sun azure charged with a decrescent Or.

Submitted as Domingo Muhammad Marín de León, even in Spain the combination is extremely unlikely. All of the evidence we have suggests that either Domingo ibn Muhammad (a reasonable patronymic formation for a first-generation Christian Mudejar) or Domingo Marín de León (appropriate for Spanish Christians) are the two strongest possibilities. We have therefore made the smallest change possible and dropped the intrusive Islamic element to register the name.

Edana of the Vineyards. Badge. Sable, on a fess argent between three compass stars Or a dragonfly sable.

Eirik Ising Steingrim. Device. Azure, in pale a pair of crampons in saltire and a falcon rising, wings displayed and inverted Or, a bordure erminois.

Elizabeth of Grey Castle. Name change from Elizabeth de Westwood.

Elspeth Buckingham. Name.

Submitted as Elspeth Buckingham of Dragon's Crest, no support was given in the documentation nor was found by any of the commenters for the "made-up English locative". As a consequence, we have dropped it in order to register the name.

Etienne Brillant. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and argent, a jester's cap per pale gules and vert, and a quill pen bendwise sinister purpure.

The surname is fine and well-attested, though it does not have the origin or meaning the submitter believes. (It is associated with Brille, which may refer either to a lens or eyeglass merchant, or to some sort of trapper.)

Finn Einar Gilchrist. Name change from holding name of Finn of Artemisia.

Gwylym ab Owain Tatershall. Or, two rapiers in saltire sable, a griffin passant gules overall, and on a chief sable a mouse statant Or.

Submitted on the LoI as Gwylym ab Owain o Tatershall, the above is the form registered in March 1994.

Isabella Zelina Griffith. Name.

Submitted as Isabella Selina Griffith, the spelling of the middle name with an initial "s" is dated to 1680, outside even our "gray area" of permissible documentation. We have therefore substituted the earlier form.

John Edward. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and sable, a cross moline counterchanged and a chief embattled gules.

Submitted as John Edward Thin Oak, Thynchere ("thin cheer (face)") and Thynnewyt ("thin wit") offer only very weak support for Thinoak (let alone Thin Oak). Both describe directly some feature of the person in question. Jönsjö has no nicknames containing the word oak, and the examples of Oak at (Reaney & Wilson, 327) are all locative. We have therefore dropped the problematic phrase in order to register the name.

Jonathan Thorne. Name and device. Ermine, on a lozenge throughout palewise gules, a single-headed chess knight contourny argent.

Submitted as Johnathan Tharne, Jonathan and John are quite different names, and no one could find any evidence that such a confusion between the two ever occurred or was likely to occur. No one could find anything which supports Tharne. The related names derive from OE thorn or from OE thyrne or ON thyrnir 'thorn-bush'. As a consequence, Thyrne, Thirne, and Thurne are found in addition to Thorne, but Tharne is not at all likely. (Tharpe is not a period form, since Bardsley has no examples before the 18th Century. We have therefore substituted the documented forms of the given and the surname.

Katrine Eberly. Name.

Kiera Nighthawk. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Kyra Nighthawk. Kyra has no better support than Cyra, above. We have substituted a documented form which was acceptable per the submitter's forms.

Lilly Anna Marie des Jardins des Fleurs. Name and device. Quarterly wavy argent and azure, a rose counterchanged Or and azure between fleurs-de-lys counterchanged.

Submitted as Lilly Anna Marie de Jardins des Fleurs, we have corrected the grammar to use the definite article.

Loch Salann, Barony of. Badge for the Baronial Artisans League. Sable, an arm embowed vested at the shoulder holding on an open palm a string of pearls, a bordure argent.

Loch Salann, Barony of. Badge for the Baronial Guard. Sable, a sinister arm embowed vested at the shoulder sustaining by the blade a sword bendwise, a bordure argent.

[In a humorous aside, it was noted that the Baronial Guard really should know better than to grasp a sword by the blade. Ouch! Ooh! Ow! J]

Michael of Marlborough. Device. Per pale azure and vert, three swords in pall throughout conjoined at the pommels between three caltraps argent.

Please ask him to be sure to draw the caltraps larger.

Robin Huxley of Land's End. Badge. Sable mullety, a winged ox passant contourny argent.

Robin of Rhovanion. Badge change. Bendy sinister argent and alternately sable and gules, on a chief sable a Saracenic pen box reversed argent.

Her currently registered badge, Argent, four scarpes alternately gules and sable, on a chief sable a Saracenic pen box reversed argent, is released.

Roderick Gavin McLeod. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, a standing balance and a bordure dovetailed counterchanged.

Roger MacPherson. Name.

Severian the Northumbrian of Saint Ninians Isle. Name and device. Quarterly argent and azure, a snowflake within a bordure counterchanged.

Submitted as Severian the Northumbrian of St. Ninian's Isle. As has been noted before, we do not register the scribal abbreviation (St.) but the full form (Saint), and the use of the apostrophe in possessives is not period.

Though the further registration of snowflakes has been discontinued, this one was in process during the discussion of that ban, and hence we do not feel that we can legitimately return it here for violating that ban.

Shamus Odyll. Name and device. Argent, a sword inverted sable between three compass stars azure.

The commentary generally favored granting a CD for inverting a sword when it is the primary charge. This is thus clear of Dymock (Papworth, p. 1102), Argent, a sword erect sable, hilted gules, and with Dimock (ibid.), Argent, a sword in pale sable, with CDs for inverting the primary charge and for the addition of the secondary mullets.

Shane Kenrick. Name.

Submitted as Shawn Kenrick, the spelling of the given was not documented (the citation from Withycombe was a parenthetical demonstration of the pronunciation of Shane, not documentation of a spelling variant). We have therefore substituted the documented form, which is pronounced, as Withycombe notes, "shawn".

Sine of Fairhaven. Name change from Sine of Wealhhnutu.

Thorkell Bloodaxe of Gardar. Name and device. Sable, a winged unicorn rampant on a chief argent a label couped dovetailed between two roses sable.

Versus Alfgar the Sententious (SCA), Sable, a pegasus rampant, on a chief argent a stag's attire fesswise sable, there is one CD for the changes to the tertiaries and another for the difference between a pegasus and a winged unicorn. (Though there were some complaints in the commentary regarding the depiction of the unicorn in the mini-emblazon, the critter in the large emblazon is quite definitely a unicorn with wings, complete with beard, lion's tail, and cloven hooves. If we are going to grant a difference between a unicorn and a horse, I cannot see that we can justify not granting one just because they both have added wings.)

ATLANTIA

Áedán Aylwyn. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, three chevronels braced and in base a roundel counterchanged.

Alesia la Sabia de Murcia. Name and device. Azure estencely argent, a sun in splendor between three increscents Or.

Alicia de Mersey. Device. Per chevron sable and argent, a peacock feather vert between three mullets of eight points counterchanged.

Anlaf Thurketilsson. Name.

Bronwen McFinlay. Name and device. Purpure, a griffin and a dragon combattant and on a point pointed Or a rose proper.

You might ask the submitter to not draw the tertiary rose so large as to rival the primary monsters. While this is clearly not a per chevron field division, the eye keeps trying to merge the three charges into a single (slot-machine) group.

Carlota Quiñones. Name.

Ealasaid MacDonald. Device. Azure, a chevron inverted between three crescents argent.

This is clear of Cotton (Papworth, p. 408), Azure, a chevron between three crescents argent, because either (1) a chevron inverted is a complete change of ordinary from a chevron (like a bend and a bend sinister), or (2) there is a CD for inverting the chevron and another for the difference of position on the field of the secondaries (one and two versus two and one). Versus Olafr Saelindingr Haraldsson (SCA), Azure, a chevron inverted and in chief an increscent argent, there are CDs for the orientation of the crescent and the number of crescents.

Eithne Nic Dhòmhnuill. Name.

Elisabeth MacAlester of Kintyre. Name change from Elisabeth de Monts Argents.

Esclarmonde de Collioure. Name.

Hildewulf Werreur. Name.

Marie Thérèse Normand. Name.

Submitted as Marie Thérèse Normandi, the surname as documented was a Latin declension of the given name Normandus. As the submitter allowed corrections to grammar, we have substituted the documented surname Normand (Dauzat, p. 453).

Rowan McCann. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

CAID

Aileve of the Mists. Name.

Beibhinn nic Earnáin. Device. Argent, a salamander rampant purpure inflamed proper, a bordure sable.

Charles of Calafia. Holding name and device. Per pale azure and vert, a Celtic cross ermine.

Submitted as Aonghus Gunn Fear-Cuairt.

Christopher Thomas. Name.

Domhnall Cú Chaille. Device. Lozengy gules and argent, a double rose sable barbed and seeded or and a bordure embattled sable.

Naevehjem, Barony of. Name for Order of the Dragon's Gem.

This name is to be associated with the registered badge, Azure, on a plate within an annulet Or, an ermine spot gules.

Philip Williams of Aston. Name and device. Gules, a saltire Or, surmounted by a rose; on a chief argent,three crosses flory vert.

Sean Michael Reade. Name and device. Azure, on a chevron cotised argent five lozenges throughout palewize azure, in base a trefoil, on a chief argent three hurts.

Sorcha ní Dhonnghaile. Name.

Submitted as Sorcha Silin ní Dhonnghaile, nothing in the LoI or the documentation gives us reason to believe that "cherry, cherry tree" is an appropriate Irish nickname. The Gaelic descriptive bynames generally are to be animals, colors, and other adjectives. Lacking documentation for the byname, we have dropped it in order to register the name.

Sven Örfhendur. Name.

Thorfinn Asleifsson the Solemn. Device. Sable, on a lozenge fesswise between four mullets of four points Or a compass star sable.

Wynn of Naevehjem. Holding name and device. Azure, a bear rampant contourny sustaining a halberd between, in chief, two mullets of eight points argent.

Submitted as Wynne Snowmane of Ravens Keep, the name was returned in the August 1994 LoAR. Versus Wohnsfleth (Woodward, cited in Combo II), Azure, a white bear rampant contourny collared gules, there are CDs for the addition of the mullets and for the halberd. Regarding the "significance" of the halberd, as Green Crown noted, a charge consisting mostly of a long, skinny handle will always have difficulty matching the visual weight of other charges, but here the sizes of the charges are about the same as would be expected if they were in fess a bear and a halberd. That seems to be a reasonable rule of thumb for determining sustained (and qualifying for a CD), as opposed to maintained (and not qualifying for a CD), charges.

CALONTIR

Archibald Michael Mac Robert. Name.

Arnaud de Gournay of Dragonsley. Name.

Submitted as Arnaud de Gournay of Dragon's Ley, the use of the possessive in this form is post-period. We have therefore submitted the closest registrable form. You might let the submitter know that according to Palimpsest, the normal modern reflex of OE dracan lêah ("dragon's clearing or meadow") would be Drakeley, which would also be a reasonable 12th or 13th C. spelling.

Miura Natsuko. Device. Gules, a cherry blossom between in pall three reremice, heads to center, within a bordure argent.

Radbot Gunther. Name.

Shajar al-Yaasmeen. Badge. Per pale purpure and gules, on a key cross throughout argent a county coronet purpure.

Siobhan le Blake. Device. Or trefly vert, a fret engrailed purpure.

Thomas von Wörth. Name and device. Azure, on a plate between four mullets, two and two, argent an owl sable.

Una MacRobert. Name.

DRACHENWALD

Liunga, Canton of. Name and device. Per saltire argent and azure, a lion's head cabossed Or within a laurel wreath vert.

Morat d'Orléans. Name.

There was some question among the commentary regarding whether Morat is a given rather than a surname, but the documentation supplied by Schwarzdrachen and related names noted by Palimpsest lend sufficient support for the given as submitted.

EAST

Aethelred of Ambrevale. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Agnieszka Mlynarska. Name and device. Argent, three chevronels braced and on a chief wavy purpure, a rabbit statant argent.

Submitted as Agnieszka Mieleska, there already exists a feminine occupational surname meaning "miller"; as such, there is no need to construct such a name, especially without input from someone with a good knowledge of the language. We have therefore substituted the documented byname.

Allison of Carillion. Name.

Ananda of the Bells. Name and device. Per bend argent and sable, three hawk's bells in bend and a spear bendwise counterchanged.

Cadhla Ó Faoláin. Name and device. Argent, flaunches purpure charged with a pair of seawolves respectant argent.

Submitted as Cadhla Phelan, it has been pointed out before that mixed Gaelic/anglicized names are not found in period. Thus, the use of the Englished Phelan is not appropriate with the Irish Cadhla. We have therefore substituted the nearest fully-Gaelic equivalent.

Cerdic Alexandre d'Avignon. Name and device. Azure, a lute and a sword in saltire, a bordure argent.

Elen Alswith of Eriskay. Device. Argent, three passion nails and on a chief indented gules an estoile of seven rays argent.

Elisabeth Browneye. Name.

Submitted as Elisabeth the Brown-Eyed, English bynames were not formed from adjectival past participles. We have substituted the documented form.

Fíne nic Bhloscaidh. Name and device. Purpure fretty, on a chief Or three shuttles palewise purpure.

Submitted as Fine nic Losgaidh, Losgadh (of which the submitted form would be a genitive) is not a name: McCloskey is not traced to mac Losaigh but to Mac Bhloscaidh - the comment that in Gaelic the "b" is dropped is misleading, as the statement refers to pronunciation and not the written form. You might let her know that the spellings of the given and the byname do not match well temporally; wholly compatible forms would be Fíona nic Bhloscaidh (using modern spellings throughout) or Fíne ingen Bloscaid (using early forms throughout).

Gareth Strongbow. Badge. [Fieldless] On a cross potent per bend sinister gules and Or an arrow counterchanged.

Gemme Whitelocke. Name.

Madeline Cartier. Device. Per fess sable and argent, a melusine proper crined Or between three whelk shells counterchanged.

Please ask her to draw the whelks larger.

Myron Duxippus Draco. Badge. [Fieldless] On a bezant invected a wyvern displayed sable.

By current standards, a roundel invected is not considered a "standard vehicle" for the display of armory, and thus this is not considered arms of pretense under RfS XI.4.

Otto of Westphalia. Name.

Toriijima Tsuru Tohaku. Name and device. Purpure, a saltire parted and fretted argent between four plates.

Submitted as Toriijimo Tohaku Tsuru, from the commentary of both Solveig Throndardottir and Palimpsest, the transliteration Toriijimo is incorrect; the Japanese for "island" is shima, which coarticulates to jima here. The order of the common name and the formal name is inverted in the submitted form. We have therefore corrected the spelling of the locative and placed the common and formal names in their proper order.

Wulfstan Huscarl. Name.

Submitted as Wulfstan Huscaarl, the second "a" in the byname appears to have been a typo.

MIDDLE

Adeliza de la Croix. Name.

Antonia da Troina. Name and device. Vert, a horse couchant, on a chief argent three caltraps purpure.

Versus Cian O Cathail (SCA), Vert, a unicorn dormant and on a chief argent, three arrows bendwise sable, there are CDs for the difference between horse and (Cian's very well-drawn) unicorn and for the multiple changes to the tertiaries.

Ardena Wildflower. Device. Per bend gules and sable, a daisy proper between three mullets Or.

A daisy proper is argent, seeded Or.

Brian Caradoc Walsh. Device. Gules ermined, an armillary sphere Or.

As the commenters correctly deduced from the LoI's blazon of "Ermine gules and Or", the field is Gules ermined Or. Versus Harme (Papworth, p. 1095), Azure a sphere Or, Lamont (ibid.), Azure a mound Or, and Astroll (ibid.), Azure an astrolabe Or, there is in each case a CD for the change in tincture of the field and another (at least) for the change in type of primary charge.

Calum MacDhaibhidh. Badge. [Fieldless] Upon a vair bell azure a flame proper.

Versus the Shire of Starhaven (SCA), Argent, on a vair bell azure an estoile Or, there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for the change to type and tincture (from Or to approximately half Or and half gules) of the tertiary charge.

Daibhidh Ruadh MacLachlan. Badge. Gules, a lymphad sail set argent within a bordure embattled Or.

This was pended from the May 1994 Laurel meeting.

Deward von Gellenbeck. Name.

Einar Gunn. Name.

Gabrielle Therese Gonneau. Name and device. Per chevron ployé Or and purpure, two ermine spots and a rose counterchanged.

Gideon of Kingsbridge. Name.

Judith Godley. Name.

Leonidas Flavius Christianus. Name.

Manus O Murchadha. Name.

Martyn Map. Name.

Ottokar von dem Schwarzwald. Name.

Rosaline Weaver. Name.

Tobias Arth. Name and device. Or, a brown bear rampant regardant proper, on a chief embattled vert three Celtic crosses Or.

Wulfric Duncan of Ayr. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, a wolf rampant between two swords inverted within a bordure all counter-changed.

OUTLANDS

Amice Fayel. Name.

While the documentation in the LoI did not support this spelling of the surname, it does appear in Dauzat as a Norman surname, which is a reasonable match for the given.

Athelstan of Bainbridge. Name and device. Gules, two battle axes in saltire surmounted by a claymore inverted between two pallets Or.

Audrey la Solitaire. Device. Sable, a lion salient to sinister argent, on a chief Or three torteaux.

Citadel of the Southern Pass, Barony of the. Name for Order of the Ensis Honoris (see RETURNS for badge).

Gwenlyn Aldwyn. Name and device. Per saltire Or and gules, four roses counterchanged.

Inigo Needham Bledsoe. Device. Sable, a boar rampant dexter hind leg couped argent within a bordure Or.

Blazoned in the LoI as a "sow", the primary charge is not drawn as such. We have therefore substituted the standard term for what has been emblazoned here. [It's nice to know that this is a "special" pig, and that he's not going to eat it all at once. J]

Moria O'Morchoe. Name.

Richenda Arabella Letellier de Trémont. Device change. Per bend azure and vert, on a bend urdy bretessy between two crosses of four lozenges argent, three columbines purpure slipped and leaved vert.

Her currently registered device, Per bend ermine and argent, a bend beviled azure between a cross of four lozenges purpure and three columbines vert, is released.

Robert Spenser of Bristol. Name change from holding name Mark of Unser Hafen.

Serena Ravensworth. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Sheela Marcq. Name.

Shoshana bat Malachi. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Sorcha ní Ghlais. Device. Per bend sinister Or and vert, a mouse sejant erect contourny and a viol bendwise sinister counterchanged.

William of Chesterfield. Name.

WEST

Aaron of Buckminster. Name change from Llwyd Tentor.

Alain Pentric. Name.

Bronwen Selwyn. Name and device. Sable, a pall raguly Or between two roses in fess argent.

Fionn Mac Pháil. Name and device. Vert, a triquetra and on a chief wavy argent, two more vert.

Giuliana La Gazza. Name and device. Per pale sable and purpure, a mullet of eight points, on a chief argent, three crescents sable.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kozorezov. Name change from Emeric Mallikson.

Rafael da Venezia. Name and device. Per chevron gules and vert, on a chevron between two lions combattant and a tower Or, two sprigs of mistletoe vert.

Submitted as Rafael di Venezia, the Italian particle with locatives is da.

Serrana Isabella de León y Beltrán. Name and device. Sable, a tree argent within a bordure argent, semy of Catherine wheels sable.

Thomas Rumboll. Name and device. Or, three dragons segreant sable.

Very nice!

Walter of Huntsdale Keep. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

AN TIR

Arlith Arliss o' Gordon. Name and device. Sable, on a goblet within an orle argent a Scandicus neume sable.

Both the prototheme Ar- and the deuterotheme -lith are of doubtful standing. Ström (who is more trustworthy than Searle) doubts that there is an OE prototheme Ar-, noting that Searle's examples are "very few" and "of a late date and of a suspicious nature". It is therefore hard to justify any OE construction with Ar-, even with an undoubted deuterotheme. The only undoubted example of -lith is in the feminine name Hildelith. If only one of the two themes were a bit questionable, we might take a chance; as it is, Arlith seems to be out of the question.

The emblazon is not reconstructible from the blazon. The scandicus neume is not only a very specialized (read: obscure and hard to look up) musical notation, from the documentation the one submitted is only one of several of different specific forms that it may take. As a consequence, there is no reasonable way of ensuring that the blazon will recreate the emblazon. (See RfS VII.7.b.) Even blazoning it as only a "musical note" is not adequate, as the scandicus neume is not anything like what most people picture as a musical note.

Celeste de la Montagne. Device. Argent, on a lozenge throughout azure four mullets in cross points outward argent.

The applicable rule here is RfS XI.4., which states in its entirety "Arms of Pretense - Armory that uses charges which themselves are charged in such a way as to appear to be arms of pretense is considered presumptuous. Period and modern heraldic practice asserts a claim to land or property by surmounting an individual's usual armory with a display of armory associated with that claim. Such arms of pretense are most commonly placed on an inescutcheon or lozenge, but may also appear on other geometric charges such as roundels, cartouches, etc. For this reason, such charges may not be charged in such a way as to suggest independent arms. Such charges may not contain an ordinary that terminates at the edge, or more than one charge." (emphasis added) This is quite clearly the case here.

Moreover, if Celeste's device is reblazoned, as it reasonably could be, as Azure vetu argent, four mullets in cross points outwards argent, it conflicts with the flag of Micronesia, Azure, four mullets in cross points outwards argent, with only one CD for the modification of the field.

Rúadhán Súil-glas. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and vert, a bend sinister wavy argent between two flames of fire proper.

The word shown at (Dinneen, 1146) is súil-ghlas 'bright-eyed', and aspiration of the adjectival second element is normal after the feminine noun súil. The hyphen is most likely not a period usage, so the probable form of the byname would be Súilghlas. However, as the submitter allowed no changes whatsoever to the name, we are having to return it.

As for the device, flames are not proper, but rather Or with a [prominent] interior line of gules. This is being returned for redrawing with either flames proper or flames Or.

William of the Battered Helm. Device. Sable, on a chevron argent between two ram's heads respectant and a ram's horn Or three hoof prints sable.

If I may quote from the commentary of Actuarius and Orle: "We have rules for the purpose of giving us objective standards for the comparison of armory. This permits us to definitely state that two pieces of armory are in conflict with one another, or that they are clear of conflict and permits us to clearly state why. This frees us from having to depend on finding the 'most myopic person on this planet' to make our judgements for us. We understand that you may feel that your device and the cited conflict are very different, however under our rules they are in conflict. While we can sympathize with the submitter's feelings we must follow the rules. The kingdom College of Heralds was correct in their return." This submission is in conflict with Tibbs as cited in the LoI. It is also in conflict with Cowper (Papworth, p. 521), Sable, on a chevron between three goat's heads couped argent, as many ogresses. Though technically no closer to the submission than Tibbs by the RfS, it is perhaps visually closer to the non-heraldic eye.

ANSTEORRA

Adelicia Gilwell. Badge change. [Fieldless] A Catherine's wheel gules.

Conflict with Akimoto (Hawley's Mon, p. 68), A wheel, with one CD for fieldlessness, and with Jago (Rietstap), D'argent à une roue de six rayons de gueules (Argent, a wheel of six spokes gules), with the same point count.

Agilwulf the Loud. Device. Sable, a shark naiant Or, on a chief argent three shark's teeth sable.

It was the overwhelming consensus of the commentary that the "shark's teeth" were unrecognizable, as is required by RfS VII.7.a., Identification Requirement.

Charles William de Lacy. Name.

While the name itself seems to be quite acceptable, no submission form was included in the Laurel packet. As a consequence, we are having to return this for the proper paperwork.

Eirik Gunnolfsson Mac an Ghabhann. Name.

A mixture of ON and Gaelic isn't in itself out of the question, and both in ON and in Gaelic a two-generation patronymic is possible, but none of the commenters could find support for a mixed-language, two-generation patronymic. Additionally, the grammar of the second patronymic is incorrect. In Irish the second-generation patronymic has the genitive of mac, which at the relevant period is generally meic. Nowadays mic may be more common, and it would be aspirated to mhic. Ghabhann is a modern spelling, so a consistent modern form is mhic an Ghabhann. Such a second-generation patronymic would require to be preceded by a Gaelic version of Gunolfsson, which in turn would require finding or constructing a Gaelic borrowing of ON Gunnúlfr. None of the commenters was able to find an example of such, and so we are unable to make any suggestions as to how it might be constructed.

Eisilind of Black Thorn Keep. Name and device. Or, within a wreath of thorns sable a dove migrant gules, on a chief wavy vert two hourglasses Or.

The Eisi- found in Von Feilitzen is not an uncompounded name but, as shown by the header it is listed under, is a shortened form of ÆLelsige. What is postulated here is a shortened tri-thematic name ÆLelsigelind. No evidence of such tri-thematic names in Anglo-Saxon has been found. (Even if Eisi had been a single OE prototheme, there would have been a problem using it with the deuterotheme -lind. The latter is Old Germanic, not Old English.) The modern place-name is Blackthorn, and the period citations are Blaketorn and Blachetorn. (Keep is first found in English late in the 16th C., and despite its popularity with participants in the SCA, is a very unlikely name element.)

The blazon is out of order; it should be Or, a dove migrant gules within a wreath of thorns sable and on a chief wavy vert two hourglasses Or. The bird has nothing about it which suggests that it is a dove rather than a generic bird. Additionally, it is not really "migrant", as it is drawn in a ventral view with the feet showing; however, "displayed" would place the head in profile. The "wreath" of thorns is so misproportioned as to be nearly unidentifiable: its sprawl is all out of proportion to its width. It is neither in annulo nor in orle, and as such, becomes unblazonable. The line of division of the chief needs to be drawn much more boldly. We are returning this for redrawing.

Elric Storm Crow. Device. Sable, on a bezant a hawk rising wings elevated and addorsed sable within a bordure dovetailed Or.

Conflict with Gwynaeth math Oddylluan (SCA), Sable, a bezant charged with a raven on a branch bendwise all sable, there is a CD for the addition of the bordure, but the posture change (from close to rising, wings elevated and addorsed) to the tertiary is insufficient for the necessary second.

Marlene Moneta. Device. Azure, a dagger proper, hilt and guards fleury, and on a chief wavy Or, a ribbon fesswise azure.

The ribbon is an SCA invention. While the Armorial and Ordinary has five registrations of a ribbon, the most recent is 1984. In three of those it is a maintained charge or the equivalent. A fourth has three scarves "knotted in triskelion", which have a different and more substantial appearance. The fifth, which has the ribbons as a primary element, also has them intertwined into a mascle -- effectively, a mascle of two ribbons. Thus, the charge appearing in the Pictorial Dictionary, and copied here, has never been registered before in this form as a significant element of armory in the SCA. Its loops and twists are unblazonable, leaving a great deal of variation in appearance and making it virtually impossible to reconstruct accurately from the blazon alone, which would violates RFS VII.7.b. There seems to be no compelling reason to register the ribbon as an heraldic charge.

Mór Rígán. Name.

Irish usage doesn't seem to allow either double given names or unmarked patronymics. In some cases we have been able to get around the problem by interpreting the second element as a nickname, but it is not possible to do so here: as a nickname Rígán could only be 'sub-king, chief', which would fall afoul of RfS VI.1. ("Names Claiming Rank + Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous"). There was also a ríga(i)n 'queen or noble lady', which would go better with Mór but which is equally problematical. However, Rígán definitely was a personal name, so there seems to be no bar to her being Mór ingen Rígáin, 'Mór daughter of Rígán'. However, the addition of patronymic particle and resultant change to the genitive seemed to us to be larger changes than she allowed on the submission form.

Patrick Donovan of Warwick. Device. Per bend azure and argent, a bend sinister counterchanged between two Japanese cranes displayed in annulo gules.

The Japanese crane displayed in annulo was returned for being not identifiable some time ago, having more in common with roundels and crescents than European renditions of birds.

Suzanna the Herbalist. Badge. Sable, three dandelion blossoms Or, one and two.

Conflict with Akizuki (Hawley's Mon, p. 16), Three carnations, one and two, with only the fieldless difference, and probably with van Blommestein (Combo II citing Woodward), Sable, three marigolds slipped and leaved Or, with one CD for the arrangement of the flowers.

Thomas Brandon. Device. Argent, a bend sinister between two Catherine's wheels azure.

Conflict with Thomas of the Isles (SCA), Argent, a bend sinister between a chair and a roundel azure. There is only one CD, for the change in type of the secondaries.

William Blackwing. Name.

None of the commenters could find any surnames based on the English word wing. (The surname Wing itself is apparently locative.) Indeed, no examples of <color><animal part> were found. Nor is there an English tradition of surnames based on armorial bearings (as there is in Germany, for example). As a consequence, there is no support at all for the byname.

The armory was registered under the holding name Dave of the Wastelands.

ATENVELDT

Adriana Mendeith. Device. Per chevron argent and azure, two mullets and a unicorn passant counterchanged.

Listed on the LoI as a name and device submission, the name was registered as Adriana Menteith in the LoAR of December 1993.

The device conflicts with Day (Papworth, p. 994), Per chevron argent and azure, three mullets counterchanged. There is only one CD for the change to type of the bottommost of three charges two and one.

Albion, Son of Robyn. Name.

The use of commas in registered names has been disallowed since at least the February 1990 as being unattested in period names. Albion is the oldest known name for Great Britain as a whole as early as circa 500 B.C.E. The mythological figure mentioned in the LoI was created to explain the ancient place-name. Names of mythological figures are generally disallowed unless shown to have been used by real humans in period. Albion appears never to have been anything but a place-name. Finally, the structure of the patronymic is very odd in English. Robynson would be the more usual form.

Catherine of Gordonhall. Badge. Purpure, a rose Or, barbed and seeded vert, within a spokeless Catherine wheel Or.

The "spokeless Catherine wheel" is not really recognizable as such. Several commenters noted that it appeared to be "an annulet wavy-crested on the outer edge", which would fall afoul of the ban on the use of the wavy-crested line of division. Given that the prior registration of this charge was over 11 years ago, we need more documentation for it as a period or otherwise compatible charge before we register another.

Coinneach Ó Domhnaill. Device. Sable, on a cross nowy throughout argent a dragon engorging itself of a spear azure.

Conflict with Petroushka of Bohemia (SCA), Sable, on a cross nowy argent a sprig of parsley vert between three mullets sable and a heart gules. There is only one CD for the multiple changes to the tertiaries.

Cornelius the Crusader. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and sable, a cross counterchanged, overall a dragon's head couped gules.

Crusader appears not to be a period word. The earliest citation in the OED for crusader is from 1743. Given the history of the word crusade in the same source, a date much earlier than c.1700 seems out of the question.

The effect of counterchanging the cross over the bend sinister line and then placing a charge overall makes the device look like a field multiply divided in an undeterminable way. The ordinary has thus been reduced to unidentifiability.

Einar Leatherwood. Name change from Einar of Wealhlnutu and badge. Per pale wavy gules and purpure, a sword inverted proper and a needle argent in saltire, overall a rose Or.

Any literal interpretation of the surname seems extremely unlikely. While there is a modern surname Leatherwood, no one could discover its origin. According to the OED, leatherwood is either a North American shrub of the genus Dirca with very tough bark or a Tasmanian wood of a pale reddish mahogany color. Neither is likely as a source for a period surname. We could have formed a similarly-pronounced byname from the wudu (woods) of a man called LRodhere (as in Letheringset and Letheringham (LRodhere + -inga- + -{ge}sett or -h@m); Letherwudu or even Letherwood. As he allowed no changes whatsoever, we are having to return the name.

There are several problems with the device. The wavy line of division is not drawn boldly enough to be reasonably identifiable, even without being between two low-contrast tinctures and partially obscured by the overlying charge group. The sword is not a standard broadsword but has fantasy-style double blade. The needle even in large emblazon looked to everyone at the Laurel meeting like a scabbard wrapped and decorated, and is thus unidentifiable without the blazon, in contravention of RfS VII.7.b. Reconstruction requirement ("Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon). (And the needleworkers among us cringed at what a bone needle that elaborately carved would do to any fabric which it was used to sew.) Finally, given the relative size of the rose to the sword and "needle", there was some question as to whether it was two charges in saltire with an overall charge or whether it was three different types of charge in a single group. In any resubmission with this motif, the overall charge must be clearly drawn as such in order to keep from falling afoul of the complexity limits of RfS VIII.1.a. ("Three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group").

Eir Dùn, Shire of. Name and device. Vert, two picks in saltire within a laurel wreath Or.

The name combines in a single phrase two different languages (Norse and Gaelic), and thus falls afoul of RfS III.1. Name Grammar and Syntax ("Names should generally combine elements that are all from a single linguistic culture") and III.1.a., Linguistic Consistency ("Each phrase must be grammatically correct according to the usage of a single language"). As we cannot form holding names for groups, we are having to return the device as well.

Gwendolyn MacAuslane of Loch Lomond. Device. Quarterly vert and azure, a pine tree argent.

Conflict with Susan of Winterwood (SCA), Counter-ermine, a pine tree couped argent, with one CD for the field, and with Nishio (Hawley's Mon, p. 41), A pine tree, with one CD for fieldlessness.

Henry of Three Needles. Device. Per pale vairy gules and Or and sable, a bear passant contourny argent muzzled sable chained argent.

Conflict with Bjoern hinn Heppni (SCA), A bear passant contourny argent. There is only one CD, for fielded vs. fieldless.

Hrolfr svero-Freyr. Name and device. Or, on a chevron gules between three pairs of Danish axes in saltire sable, three bezants.

The relevant entry in Gordon is sverL-Freyr, literally 'sword-Frey'. The usual transliterations without the edh would be sverd-Freyr and Sverdh-Freyr. However, as the context of the poem from which the phrase is taken shows, sverL-Freyr is not a straightforward word for 'warrior'; rather it is a kenning taken from a form of court poetry. It is quite different from the more straightforward, earthy examples of bynames shown in Geirr Bassi and other sources. Without evidence for the use of such fanciful bynames by real people, we are reluctant to register it here.

The device conflicts with Estafford (Papworth, p. 489), Or, on a chevron gules three bezants. There is only one CD, for the addition of the axes.

Jonathan Thorne. Household name and badge for House of the Argent Horse. Gules, ermined argent, a single-headed chess knight contourny argent.

(If registered, this was to have been held jointly with Tiernehy Shay O'Malley bint Muhammad, but her name is being returned in this LoAR.) "Argent" is not a common English element; as an adjective referring to a color, its use is confined almost entirely to heraldry. English, unlike German, has no tradition of house names based on armory; the authentic usage would be White Horse.

The badge conflicts with Keriane Saint John of Shaddoncarraig (SCA), Purpure, a horse's head erased to sinister argent. There is a CD for the changes to the field, but nothing for single-headed chess knight versus horse's head.

Justin du Roc. Augmentation to badge. Per bend sinister azure and sable, a madu argent, as an augmentation, in canton a sun in glory Or.

Blazoned in the LoI as above, the registered badge is actually Per bend sinister azure and counter-ermine, a madu argent. We need an accurate emblazon form before we can register this.

Kiera Nighthawk. Device. Argent goutte de eau, on a pile inverted azure, a bat close inverted Or.

Though blazoned as Argent goutte de eau, the field is actually Or, goutte de larmes. ("Though you know the names to say, use the tinctures anyway." From the song "A Mnemonic" by Iulstan Sigwealding ("D'eau, a gout, a silver gout...."). The real problem however is that the bat is not at all identifiable in this posture. (See RfS VII.7.a. Identification Requirement. "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance.")

Ludwig der Hartnäckig Drache. Name and device. Ermine, a pall dovetailed sable, overall a bull-headed dragon passant to sinister gules.

The byname bears too little resemblance to bynames of this sort used in period, being more complex than documented similarly-formed period bynames. Would he settle for Ludwig der Drache?

Even in the large emblazon, the dragon is difficult to identify. It needs to be drawn larger, as does the dovetailing of the pall.

Montanus Granum, Shire of. Name.

While the name may be translated as "mountainous grain", that phrase follows no example of placename construction which anyone could document. Granum is a neuter, second-declension noun meaning "a grain or seed". Montanus, -a, -um is a first/second declension adjective meaning either "pertaining to a mountain, found on a mountain" or "mountainous". At the very least, the adjective needs to agree in gender with the noun: montanum granum. But that leaves us with a phrase that means either "a seed found on a mountain" or "a seed that is mountainous in form". Neither of these makes any particular sense as a placename. Without knowing what the submitters want the name to mean, we are unable to render any particular assistance with it.

Padraig Dillon of Liaththor. Device. Azure, a bend embattled argent between a lion rampant and an owl rising, wings addorsed, Or.

Conflict with Wallies (Papworth, p. 184), Azure, a bend embattled Or, with only one CD for the addition of the secondary charges.

Raoghnailt Marie Beatrix de la Barbe. Badge. Per bend sinister vert and sable, a Jelling beast winged argent, langued Or.

The primary is not the defined Norse Jelling beast. As it cannot be unambiguously identified from the emblazon, and since it cannot be adequately reproduced from the blazon, we cannot register it.

Tierney Shay O'Malley bint Muhammad. Name and device. Ermine, a trefoil pierced between two flaunches purpure, charged with a decrescent and an increscent, within the horns of each a mullet argent.

Though the formation of this name is closer to the period examples of mixed Spanish/Arabic names (see Domingo [Muhammad] Marín de León, elsewhere in this LoAR), there remain a number of problems with the name. No evidence has been found to support a combination of Englished Irish and Arabic. Tierney (the extraneous "h" in the given in the LoI was a typo) is a masculine name, and thus can hardly be the bint (daughter) of Muhammad. Tierney itself is a bit questionable as a given name. The name of the mediæval chronicler was Tigernach (modern Tighearnach or Tiarnach); the associated modern patronymic is Ó Tighearnaigh. Thus it is the surname that is pronounced something like (O) Tierney, the final gh being nearly silent; the forename itself ends in the sound of the ch of loch. Period Englishings are generally fairly phonetic, it would be surprising to find that Tierney was a period Englishing of the forename. Another difficulty is the use of two surnames (three, if you count the patronymic). Double surnames are not rare in Gaelic; they do not appear to exist at all!

On the device, at the least the tertiary groups need to be redrawn. The mullets are not "within" horns of the crescents, but are rather conjoined to bottom horn of each. The resultant conjoined charge is somewhat confusing and probably not period style. (You might let her know that the mirror symmetry of the device is not period style either, though we have not used such an argument as a bar to registration in the past.)

ATLANTIA

Ciar O'Byrne. Badge. [Fieldless] A quill pen bendwise sinister sable enwrapped with a snake argent.

The snake wrapped around a feather is not really period style. (See RfS I.1.b., "All elements of a submission shall be used in a manner that is stylistically compatible with period usage"). All of the period examples of this motif which could be found use a rod (as in the rod of Aesculapius) or column around which the snake is entwined. The use of a feather here does not seem to be a reasonable extension of period practice.

Rowan McCann. Device. Argent, a wolf's head affronty conjoined to wings displayed azure, vorant of a dove Or, a bordure urdy azure.

There are a number of problems with the device. Though blazoned on the LoI as a "winged wolf's head", the emblazon does not show what one would expect from that blazon, but rather has a pair of wings issuant from the wolf's head just below the ears. As a consequence, its identifiability is diminished, as it takes a long look to determine what is happening here. Neither is the head truly erased (but it is not couped, either). The dove is almost entirely unrecognizable in this position. In any resubmission, the submitter is advised to draw the bordure thicker.

CAID

Aonghus Gunn Fear-Cuairt. Name.

Aonghus is one of the standard modern Gaelic spellings of the name Englished as Angus. Gunn is not correct in this form in a Gaelic name; the Norse name Gunna was adopted in to Gaelic as Guinne, with an adjectival side-form as Gunnach. 'Angus son of Gunna' would be Aonghus mac Guinne or Aonghus Gunnach. The hyphenation in fear-cuairt is either modern or an artificial dictionary spelling to show the composition of the term. Gaelic bynames seem in general to precede the patronymic, so the name in Gaelic would appear to be either Aonghus Fearcuairt mac Guinne or Aonghus Fearcuairt Gunnach. Though the submitter allowed changes which kept the sound of the name, neither of the two suggested versions here does that very well. We are therefore returning it so that he may decide how he wishes to proceed with the name.

The armory was registered under the holding name Charles of Calafia.

Evan the Forester. Badge. [Fieldless] A pair of stag's attires conjoined at their bases argent.

Conflict with Kondo (Hawley's Mon, p. 57), A pair of deer horns. There is only the fieldless CD.

Morwenna Gwir. Badge. [Fieldless] A triskelion arrondi of vines surmounted by a periwinkle argent.

[Irreverent comment from the Laurel meeting: "Weed whacker, one; kudzu, three!" J] There were several problems with this badge. The "triskelion" of vines is not really identifiable as such. Very few of those seeing the emblazon without the blazon came up with "triskelion" to describe the vines. The "vines" themselves are inadequately blazoned; the default "vine" is a grapevine. We cannot ascertain from the emblazon what kind of vines these are, but they are clearly not grapevines. Some of the commenters questioned whether the "triskelion arrondi of vines" was any more than an elaborate "slipping and leaving", which could then lead to a conflict with Breant (Papworth, p. 868), Gules, a cinquefoil argent (with a CD for fieldlessness and possibly another for the addition of the large "slipping and leaving"), and with Titus of Wormwood (SCA), Purpure a cinquefoil slipped and singly leaved argent (with the fieldless CD, but only a change to the style of the slipping and leaving). Moreover, the overall design appears to run afoul of the ban on overall charges in fieldless badges, as the area of intersection is not "small".

Richard of Wolfscairn. Name.

The locative is extremely unlikely. Wolfscairn is not comparable to Wolferlow (Wulfhere's hl@w - burial mound). Even though cairn/carn is Scots Gaelic and carn is also Welsh, none of the sources show -ca(i)rn as a theme. All available onomastic evidence shows cairn would come as the first element in a placename. Carn and its variants appear in actual placenames only as simplex forms or first elements of compounds, rather than as the final element in a compound such as this. (Even if it were, the locative would more likely be Wolfercairn, following the period examples.)

CALONTIR

Ulrike Elsabet Koenen. Name.

All of the documentation found by the commenters confirmed that Ulrike is an 18th Century feminization. We would have substituted Ulrica, documented in Withycombe, but the submitter allowed no changes whatsoever to the name.

DRACHENWALD

Friederich Karl von Wolfstein. Badge. [Fieldless] Pendant from a pair of bat-wings Or a banderole azure charged with the words "semper paratus" and overall a sword proper

There was some feeling among the commenters that this design is made from three different types of charges in a single group, and therefore falls afoul of the complexity limits of RfS VIII.1.a.. Especially given that the wings do not attach to the sword in the normal fashion for a "winged sword" (at the hilt), this argument has some merit. Another difficulty is the reproduction of the emblazon of the banderole from the blazon. The above blazon is the best from among several suggested, but still does not offer adequacy of reproducibility sufficient to meet the requirements of RfS VII.7.b. ("Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon.... Elements that cannot be described in such a way that the depiction of the armory will remain consistent may not be used"). The very difficulty of finding an adequate blazon is an indication of the non-period style of the badge, which is clearly modelled on modern military insignia rather than period exemplars. While it is true that the College does not normally regulate mottoes (indeed, it does not register them at all), enough members of the College recognized semper paratus as the motto of the U.S. Coast Guard that it may reasonably be argued to be intrusively modern.

[Irreverent comment from the Laurel meeting regarding the difference between a sword and a propeller blade: "A blade is a blade; if you stick your hand in its path, you will lose it." J]

EAST

A'isha al-Aneed. Name.

The byname is inadequately documented. We need more than that an unnamed "native speaker" said so. Dictionary or language book citations (or better, photocopies), or a more complete explanation from an identified native speaker as to why it is correctly formed would be helpful.

Aethelred of Ambrevale. Device. Checky argent and gules, on a chief triangular sable a cross of Jerusalem argent.

The charge in chief is drawn too deeply into the field to be a chief triangular, not deeply enough to be a pile (which would not issue from the corners of the chief), and cannot be a per chevron inverted field because it does not issue from the sides of the shield. It needs to be drawn as clearly one or another of these instead of, as here, somewhere in between.

Anysia of Carpasia. Device. Per bend sinister sable and azure, a bend sinister Or between a sea-unicorn contourny reguardant and a dove migrant argent.

The LoI accidentally dropped the tincture of the bend, leading everyone to believe that it was argent. This would normally be reason to pend it. However, in this case, the bend is, in fact, drawn unacceptably narrow (indeed, I suspect modern heralds would blazon it as a "ribband" or some such; it is certainly narrower than a bendlet. It needs to be redrawn thicker). Additionally, the "sea-unicorn" is simply a "unicornate seahorse", a disallowed charge. It needs to be redrawn as a sea-unicorn, with beard and more goat-like than horse-like traits. The "dove" is not particularly dove-like. There is nothing about it that would suggest that it is anything but a generic "bird".

Artos ap Gwydion ap Math. Name.

Artos is not a name; it is a word. While there are Welsh names that use arth- as an element, none of the commenters has found it used uncompounded. (Gruffudd's reference is to a possible derivation of the name Arthur, not to an independent name.) We need evidence for its use as a name in period before we can register it.

Caitlin ni Ceallaigh. Name.

The use of ni requires aspiration of the patronym, in this case to Cheallaigh. As the submitter did not allow any changes whatsoever, we are having to return the name.

Katia Stesnaya. Name correction from Katya Stesnaya (on the January 1994 East Kingdom LoI).

The submitted form mixes two different transliteration systems, which has the effect of changing the pronunciation of the names. The name in its entirety should adopt a single system of transliteration; either Katya Stesnaya (as already registered), Katia Stesnaia, or Katja Stesnaja.

MIDDLE

None.

OUTLANDS

Citadel of the Southern Pass, Barony of the. Badge for Order of the Ensis Honoris. Azure, a rapier argent between two piles inverted Or.

Conflict with Ferri (Woodward, cited in Combo II), Azure, a sword argent and with Tatnell (Papworth, p. 1102), Azure, a falchion in pale argent, hilted gules. In each case there is a single CD, for the addition of the inverted piles. This is one of those cases where drawing style changes the perception of what is the primary charge group. The "piles" here, though similar to the Barony's other badges, are not drawn even as high on the field as in prior registrations. Their reduction in size places them more in the state of peripheral or secondary charges, leaving the rapier as the primary, visually dominating the center of the field.

Serena Ravensworth. Device. Argent, a pale embattled counter-embattled between two ravens displayed facing sinister sable.

The pale is drawn far too narrow, enough so that it cannot be reasonably blazoned as such. We are returning this for redrawing.

Shoshana bat Malachi. Device. Argent, two cypress trees couped vert and a natural antelope statant sable.

Conflict with Ley (Papworth, p. 1118), Argent, three pine trees vert, with Kempthorne (Papworth, p. 1117), Argent, three pine trees proper, and Fouger (Combo II, from Dictionnaire Heraldique), Argent, three pine trees eradicated vert. In each case, there is only one CD, for the changes to the bottommost of three charges two and one.

WEST

Ana Ilievna. Name.

Withdrawn by the principal herald.

Walter of Huntsdale Keep. Device. Argent, a linden tree eradicated proper, on a bordure vert, three compass stars argent.

No emblazon forms were found in the file, and the sheet stating only "You already have the device" was not sufficiently precise to allow us to track it down.

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE JANUARY 1995 LAUREL MEETING:

ATENVELDT

Cyra Shea O'Malley. Device. Azure, on a bend sinister between two wolves sejant ululant argent, three crescents azure.

The LoI accidently dropped the tincture of the bend and wolves. This is pended for researching under the correct blazon.