THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR

Alain de Nottingham. Name and device. Vair, a rapier bendwise inverted sable between two martlets gules.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Title for Golden Dragon Herald.

Brigitta da Montanha do Fogo. Name.
Magellan coined the Spanish name Tierra del Fuego `Land of Fire' in 1520; a period Portuguese analogue does not seem to be out of the question, though we would expect it to be a specific toponym, not a generic expression for `volcano'. We do not know what the normal Portuguese syntax would have been; given the close relationship between Portuguese and Spanish, we have frankly guessed that it should follow the Spanish model, in which del Fuego is literally `of the fire', and have therefore changed de Fogo to do Fogo `of the fire'.

Cerdic MacAoidh. Name.
Cerdic is probably a reasonable Gaelic spelling of the given name, though it is likelier to have been found with the earlier spelling mac Áda.

Eric de Dragonslaire. Badge. [Fieldless] A dragon salient sable breathing flames gules.

Iain Alasdair MacKenzie. Device. Gules scaly Or, two dragons segreant addorsed argent.

Louise de Lauzun. Name.

Vincenzo Crovetto Genovese. Device. Sable, a compass rose and a chief embattled argent.
Nice armory!

William Wulfrun. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and sable, a double headed eagle displayed Or and a wolf rampant argent.

ANSTEORRA

Abu Isma'il Ibrahim 'Abdu'llah al Gharnatawayyi. Name.
The honorific was submitted as Abu Isma'll on the LoI, but this was merely a typo. The construction of the name is a bit questionable: Ibrahim and 'Abdu'llah are both given names, and Arabic does not seem to have used double given names. It seems possible, however, that 'Abdu'llah, literally `servant of Allah', can function here as an epithet. We do not know whether epithets of this type were used, but the idea is plausible enough to justify giving the name the benefit of the doubt.

Agnes the Silent. Name and device. Vert vêu ployéOr, a sheep couchant contourny argent.

Annais Eleanor de Montgomerie . Device change. Or masoned sable, a chevron gules.
Her currently registered device, Sable, semy of hearts Or, in saltire a plume and staff pennoned argent, is released.
This had been pended from the October 1995 Laurel meeting for a discussion of the importance and recognizability of the arms of Stafford, Or, a chevron gules, based primarily on its inclusion in the game Kingmaker. The consensus of those commenting was that the game is not sufficiently pervasive in the SCA that the arms appearing in it should be protected by the College.

Arianne Anastasia Balfour. Badge. [Fieldless] A thimble Or.

Arthur of Towers. Name.
Towers occurs as an English spelling for the French city of Tours, though the only available dated example is rather late for this style of name.

Blane Goldhawk. Name.

Boudicca of Cattaclohe. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and gules, a lion's head erased contourny and a double-bitted axe counterchanged.
The name was submitted as Boadicea of Catcleugh. According to Harpy, Boadicea is based on a post-period misunderstanding of the name that is attested in inscriptions in the forms Bodic(c)a and Boudic(c)a; as such it cannot be registered. For various phonological reasons, however, the name could not appear in these forms past approximately the 6th century, and any later form would involve more of a change than we care to make. Catcleugh, on the other hand, is a modern form that cannot predate the Middle English period; Cattacloh is a reconstructed Old English form, here inflected in the dative case after of. (An actual 5th or 6th century form might be somewhat different, since the earliest extant Old English texts date only from c.700.)

Brighid the Red. Name.
The lingua anglica allowance permits the combination of Irish Brighid with the English byname. The name does not conflict with Bridgit Ruadh, registered 8/90: the Irish and English bynames look and sound substantially different.

Brigid MacCana. Name.
This is an Anglicized form of Brighid nic Chana.

Catherine Harwell. Badge. Argent, two hammers in saltire sable overall a pair of shears gules.

Donal mac Seórse. Device. Per chevron sable and azure, a panther rampant argent pellety incensed between three mullets of four points.

Euphemia Acropolites. Name.
The byname was submitted as Acropolities; we have corrected it to agree with the documentation.

Falconridge, Stronghold of. Name.
The name was submitted as Falcons Ridge, which is hard to justify in exactly that form on the basis of period practice. The desired meaning is actually found in the modern place-name Hawkridge (Haweckrig 1225), from Old English heafoc `hawk' and hrycg `ridge, long narrow hill'; falcon is a later Old French import. However, there is evidence for an Old English falca `falcon' or an indistinguishable personal name, and `Falca's ridge' would be in Old English Falcan hrycg. Under the influence of the French import this could easily enough become Middle English Falconrigge, modern Falconridge.

Gerhart Mathias Jäer. Name.
The given name was submitted as Gerhard on the LoI; his form had the equally acceptable Gerhart.

Guthorm Reinaldsson. Name.

Jack the Happy of Brad Leah. Device. Or, a bend wavy azure overall a sea-mule contourny vert.

Johann Kiefer Hayden. Device. Per bend sinister gules and azure, two owls contourny Or. In response to the specific query in the LoI, Laurel is at a loss to understand how the Ansteorran College of Heralds could believe that a divided field is not a "field" for purposes of X.2. (or any other clause in the RfS). A field is a field, whether it is a singly-tinctured field, a divided field, or whether it is treated field (e.g., masoned).

Mooneschadowe, Shire of. Badge. [Fieldless] A peacock in its pride proper.

Morgan of Rhymney. Name.
Rhymney is a town as well as a river; an attested English spelling (from the late 13th century) is Rempney.

Nicollet Deuville. Name.
We have registered the name as submitted; however, is the lady aware that Nicollet is a masculine diminutive? The corresponding feminine name is Nicolet(t)e.

Rhun Rolfson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Roland de Ruthven. Name and device. Sable, a fess embattled and in chief two towers argent.

Sigen Fridreksdottir. Name.
Sigen is of unknown origin, attested once from c.1000 as the name of a woman whose father Styr and grandfather Ulf bore Scandinavian names. This fact leads Boehler (Die altenglische Frauennamen, p. 228) to suggest that it may be an otherwise unrecorded Danish name, though it may also be an Old English diminutive or a misunderstood oblique case of an Old English feminine name Sige. At any rate the combination with Norse Fridreksdottir does not seem out of the question.

Siobhá n¡g Fhloinn u¡ Donnabhán. Device. Azure, a unicorn's head erased contourny between in pale two triquetras and in fess two crescents argent.
This had been pended from the October 1995 Laurel meeting.

Tatsumi Tomoko. Name.
According to her form, an earlier submission of Matsudaira Tomiko was returned 10/94 in kingdom on the grounds that Matsudaira is protected; however, the name Matsudaira Kentarou Toshiyori was registered on the 1/94 LoAR, so the submitter could probably have her first choice if she still wants it.

Thomas de Ruthven. Name.

Tobias Bythewode. Name.
Very nice.

Tor Vigulf. Name.
The name was submitted as Tor Viga Ulfr, where Viga and Ulfr were intended as bynames meaning `battle' and `wolf'. (The words are actually vig and úfr.) From his form it appears that he intended the meaning to be `battle-wolf', which would be v¡gúfr; and though attested as a given name, this appears to be a reasonable Old Norse byname. (úfr, though not listed by Geirr Bassi, is an attested Norwegian byname, and Geirr notes several examples of V¡ga- as a prefixed byname.) Tor is Anglo-Scandinavian rather than purely Scandinavian, found in Domesday Book and some 12th century Yorkshire charters, so we have dropped the inflectional -r of the byname.

ATENVELDT

Alessandra Gabrielli. Name.

Alric of Ashfield. Device. Sable, a stag trippant within a bordure embattled argent.

Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Badge change for High Sheriff. Per fess Azure and vert, a fess argent between a sun in splendor and a portcullis Or.
The currently registered High Sheriff's badge, Vert, a portcullis Or, is retained by the kingdom as a badge.

Brenda Lynne. Name.
Brenda is her modern given name.

Conor MacNeil. Name and device. Sable, on a bend sinister between a bear sejant erect and a tower argent three mullets of eight points gules.
It is a close call, but the extra syllable is just enough to bring this name clear of Conn MacNeill, registered 8/88.

Dietrich Nibelung. Name.
Though redolent of German heroic literature, this is an excellent medi‘val German name.

Ered Sul, March of. Badge. Azure, a mountain of three peaks issuant from base vert, fimbriated and snowcapped argent.
The motif is grandfathered to them, appearing on their arms (registered 4/73).

Francesca Valentina d'Ivrea. Name.

Hans the Gentle. Device. Or, a feather, on a chief gules a pair of manacles Or.

Henry of Three Needles. Device. Per bend sinister sable and argent, a bear sejant erect guardant contourny counterchanged, collared and muzzled sable, chained argent.

Jane of Twin Moons. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a fess embattled Or between three crosses formy and a rose argent within a bordure Or.
Submitted as Jane Beaumont.

John Roderick. Name.

Justin du Roc. Badge change and augmentation. Per bend sinister azure and sable, a madu argent, as an augmentation in canton a sun in glory Or.
His currently registered badge, Per bend sinister azure and counter-ermine, a madu argent, is released.

Kytte Anna atte Rose. Name and device. Per bend sable and argent, an ankh argent and a rose bendwise slipped and leaved proper within a bordure counterchanged.
This would have been excellent as Kytte atte Rose; the addition of the metronymic Anna (which cannot be a second given name at any time when atte was still in use) makes it much less characteristic of period naming.

Lore von Vechta. Device. Azure, a phoenix argent rising from flames proper on a chief argent three harps sable. Please show her how to draw "flames proper" in the future.

Malcolm the Archer. Name.

Margaret Anne Redolf. Name.
The surname was submitted as Raedwulf. The double given name in an English context marks this as a late-period name; Raedwulf, on the other hand, is Old English and could not have long survived the Conquest in this form. In fact, it seems to be represented by the 1276 citation William Redolf (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Reddall), which shows a characteristic Middle English development of the elements. The surname could perhaps have persisted into the 16th century in this form, and we are so registering it, though in fact it appears to have died out or been absorbed by other names lacking the final f.

Melissa of Loch Salann. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per fess embattled argent and azure, an orca naiant embowed proper and in base three horseshoes Or.
Submitted as Mara von dem Turlin.

Michel Phillipe de Sarcey. Name and device. Gules, a dragon passant reguardant argent nimbed on a chief Or three crosses moline purpure.

Owen Blacksheep. Name only (see PENDS for device).
The form of the byname is well supported by extant examples, most notably Blaklambe 1348; a more probable medi‘val spelling is Blakshepe.

Rhiell ferch Gwilym. Name.

Robert the Incorrigible . Name.
He should probably be informed that according to the citations in the OED, the most likely meaning in period is `depraved beyond redemption'!

Roger fitzRolf Le Normand. Name.
The epithet appeared as le Normand on the LoI; the upper-case L, which appears on his form, is rare but documentable. The spelling fitzRolf is unusual but probably within the range of period variation.

Sarsif the Red. Name.
Sarsif is his modern given name; Pelican has no idea what its provenance might be, but it does not seem overly obtrusive, especially in combination with the straightforward lingua anglica byname.

Simone de Condé Name.
The locative appeared on the LoI as de Conde, but her form had the accent. Conde is the much more usual period form of the name; use of the accent is rare until the 17th century, but it can be found on syllabic final syllabic e in the 16th century (and in that context helps greatly to ensure the correct pronunciation).

Sylvanus of Sutherland. Device. Vert, a lion salient maintaining in both forepaws a sword inverted between three mullets argent within an orle of fleurs-de-lis points outward Or.

Thránn úfskjaldi. Name.
(The accents were missing on the LoI but present on his form.) The byname is based on Eikinskjaldi, a dwarf named by Snorri Sturluson in the Prose Edda. Skjaldi is an old dative case of skjödr `shield'; thus, the sense of the dwarf's name is not precisely `Oakenshield', but rather something closer to `with oaken shield'. The attested byname elliöskjödr `ship-shield' shows the normal formation with the nominative case. However, on further examination Pelican found in Geirr Bassi's list two bynames in the dative case, kampi `(with) whiskers' and rétilbeini `(with) straight leg'; there may be others. The parallel isn't exact, since these refer to parts of the body rather than to implements, but we are giving the name the benefit of the doubt. (We are not sure just what a `wolf-shield' might be, but none of the commenters raised any objection to the semantic content of the name.)

Tir Ysgithr, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Lamp of Tir Ysgithr. [Fieldless] An Arabian lamp flammant argent.

ATLANTIA

Abigail Burnham. Name and device. Purpure, a hammered dulcimer argent.

Adriana Broussard. Name.

Aislinn de Bhulbh. Name and device. Argent, in bend a cinquefoil purpure between two wolf's pawprints sable.

Alessandro di Firenze. Badge. Per pale sable and gules, an estoile and a demi-sun issuant from base argent.

Alisoun Ashling. Name and device. Gyronny gules and Or, a fleur-de-lys argent a bordure checky sable and argent.

Basil Rattenbury . Device. Per pale argent and vert, a double-headed eagle between three Maltese crosses counterchanged.

Brendan the Shameless . Name.

Caitil¡n Cheannl ider. Badge. [Fieldless] On a dumbek Or a fleam azure.

Canice Scrupe. Device. Azure, two dolphins urinant respectant and on a chief argent three bears rampant gules.

Catherine de Villehardouin. Name and device. Per chevron enhanced vert and argent, in base a domestic cat sejant guardant sable and a demi-sun issuant from base vert.

Catherine Delacroix. Name and device. Sable, a moon in her plenitude argent, on a chief Or three ankhs sable.

Charles Aythen. Name and device. Vert, a rose slipped and leaved a bordure Or.

Christian Broussard. Name and device. Azure, a crescent Or between three mullets of four points a bordure embattled argent.

Connor MacFergus of Strachur. Name change from holding name Connor of Meadowmarch.
There was a family generally called Fergusson or Mackerras in English who held lands in Strachur, but according to Ian Grimble (Scottish Clans & Tartans, s.n. Fergusson) there is no evidence for a true Fergusson clan.

Damianus Petrolino . Badge. [Fieldless] A dragon's jambe erased inverted clutching a roundel argent.

Dasha Miloslava Broussard. Name and device. Quarterly argent and vert, a crane in its vigilance Or.
The French surname tacked onto an otherwise thoroughly Russian name is implausible. Justification would appear to depend on a persona story rather than on evidence from period naming practice. Nevertheless, the persona story in question - Russian girl marries French trader and adopts his surname - is probably within current limits of acceptability.

Dewi Lan. Name.

Donal Makbrair. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and argent, an axe reversed and a hunting horn counterchanged.

Dubhgall Mac Conmeadha. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and vert a bend sinister cotised argent between an eagle displayed head to sinister and a hound statant reguardant Or.
The patronymic is pronounced roughly as if spelled Mac Conmay.

Elizabeth Unwyn . Device. Argent, a bear sejant affronty sable between flaunches gules.

Finn Marland O'Shannon. Device change. Azure, a chevron sable semy-de-lys fimbriated between three wolf's heads erased Or.
His currently registered device, Vair, two towers sable and a wolf statant Or, is retained as a badge.

Friederich Scrodir von Baden. Name and device. Or, an eagle displayed on a chief sable three lilies argent. The name would be more consistent as Friderich Scrodir or as Friederich Schröer: the ie in the given name is very late, while Scrodir is a medi‘val form of modern Schröer.

Galeazzo della Cucina. Name.

Gaston de Montrevel. Device. Or, a stag's head couped contourny gules, a bordure sable semy of lozenges Or.

Geldamar le farceur. Name.
The given name was submitted as Geldaman on the LoI; his form had Geldamar, which is supported both by his documentation (typoed in the LoI) and by evidence from Morlet. Note that farceur in the desired sense of `fool, buffoon' entered the French language very late (c.1450) for a name of this kind; if the word was used at all in the Middle Ages, it is more likely to have meant `a maker of mince pies or hash'.

Ginevra die Hohe. Device. Sable, three escarbuncles and a bordure Or.

Gregge the Archer. Device. Sable, a dragon's head couped and in chief an arrow fesswise reversed argent.

Iliana von Drachenfels . Name.
We have restored the preposition from the original worksheet.

Jacqueline de la Lunde. Device. Argent semy-de-lys vert, a griffin segreant sable, a bordure vert.

Jane Nora Carrik. Name and device. Paly sable and argent, on a chief vert two rapiers inverted in saltire Or. Although the documentation given for Nora shows only modern usage, there is an instance from 1379 in Bardsley's Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Manning.

Jeene MacDoughal. Name and device. Gules, in pale two winged hearts Or.

Jonathan Blackbow. Device. Or, on a pile raguly vert in chief a broadarrow inverted argent and suramounted by a bow drawn fesswise sable.

Julia Windsor. Name change from Annora nic Chailin.

Katelin Lestrange. Name.

Katherine Luvel. Device. Azure, on a chevron couched from sinister throughout argent three doves volant fesswise sable.

Keira Featherstone. Device change. Per bend sinister embattled paly azure and argent and sable, in base a cross crosslet voided argent.
Her currently registered device, Per bend sinister embattled paly azure and argent and sable, in base an arrow inverted bendwise sinister argent, is released.

Maeve Griffinsward. Name and device. Per pale azure and vert, a griffin segreant contourny and on a chief argent three triquetras purpure.
Griffinsward `worth (enclosure) of a man named Griffin' is extremely unlikely: worth appears with Old English personal names and, rarely, Old Norse names, but it is not found with post-Conquest names. However, Grifin appears in Domesday Book, so we are giving the construction the benefit of the doubt.

Marcia of Azurmont. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale vert and argent, a trefoil slipped counterchanged.
Submitted as Gaoth Makbrair.

Marcus Parvus Constantinopolitanus. Name and device. Gules, three standing balances argent.

Margerite von Buchholtz. Name.
We have some qualms about the spelling of the given name, but it does not seem quite out of the question as a German spelling of the French version of the name.

Margred Pontypwl. Name.

Mathias Broussard le Caignon. Name and device. Checky azure and argent, a cross patriarchal bottony and a bordure dovetailed Or.
The name was submitted as Caignon Mathias Broussard, but Caignon is not a given name; it's an epithet, a variant of Cagnon `little dog'. We have rearranged its elements to make the name registerable; it is of course perfectly reasonable for him to be known by his epithet if that is his preference.

Owen ap Madog. Badge. [Fieldless] A crab per chevron argent and gules.

Rhonwen Briana MacLean. Name.
Rhonwen does not seem to have been used by human beings in our period; it is the modern Welsh form of a name used by Geoffrey of Monmouth for a fictional character. Briana is a modern name that does not appear to have been used at all in period. Both have been ruled `SCA-compatible'; in accordance with current practice, we are therefore registering the name. However, we consider the use of one these names a `weirdness'; use of two is excessively weird and will be grounds for return as of the May, 1996, Laurel Meeting. For more information please see the Cover Letter.

Robert of Glasgow. Name and device. Sable, a single headed chess knight contourny Or.

Seamus Connachtach. Name and device. Sable, on a pile between two wolves combattant argent a crescent gules. The given name appeared as Sémus on the LoI, but his form lacked the accent.

Sean Mac Griogair. Name and device. Per pale purpure and sable, on a pall Or a roundel vert.
The given name appeared as Seá on the LoI, but his form lacked the accent.

Selina of Dun Carraig. Name.
The given name was submitted as Selene, but this form is not supported by the documentation. No independent evidence for Selene has been found, and the documentation in the LoI is erroneous. It refers to Withycombe's discussion of the name Selina, which Withycombe says is probably not related to Greek Selene; all of the dated examples are variants of Selina, and the earliest, from 1619, is for Zelina. Pelican has also found a baptismal record of Selyna from 1579, so there is no problem justifying Selina. Dun Carraig is a registered branch name.

Simkin Colfox. Device. Argent, a fox courant contourny sable between three trefoils vert, a bordure embattled sable.

Sorcha Caervran. Name and badge. Per saltire azure and vert, a tower within an orle of pawprints argent. The locative byname was submitted as Caerbran, but it appears that the element following Welsh Caer always lenites, so we have made the necessary change.

Stefano Trotta. Name.

Steffan Penhallow. Name and device. Azure, a goblet inverted bendwise argent between three boar's heads erased Or, a bordure argent.

Sven Jonssen. Name and device. Per saltire vert and sable, four talbot's heads cabossed, those in pale argent, those in fess Or.

Swieczka Kaim. Name.
Note that the given name should have an acute accent on the initial S; it is found both in the documentation and on his forms. This letter is found in period Polish documents, though it is sometimes replaced by sz. (The latter is pronounced like sh in English shoe; the s with acute accent represents a `thinner', more palatal version of this sound, with the tip of the tongue further forward and the blade of the tongue near the roof of the mouth. The w is here pronounced f, and the i indicates that the blade of the tongue should remain near the roof of the mouth to produce a hint of a y before the e (as in yet). Finally, the cz is like ch in church, so the whole is roughly `shfyetchka'.)

Thjodric Thorsson. Name and device. Per chevron gules and sable, two double-headed eagles displayed and a bicorporate lion argent.
The patronymic was submitted as Thorrason on the LoI, changed at kingdom from Thorson. It is clear from the data given by Fellows Jensen (Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, s.n. ¢rr) that the given name Thor was used in England, and (Black, s.n. Thor) has Scottish examples. Fellows Jensen labels the name Anglo-Scandinavian and notes that there is no clear evidence of its use by human beings in Scandinavia. The given name, on the other hand, is clearly Scandinavian: her data and notes on spelling indicate that in the English setting it would have been indistinguishable from its Old English and Continental Germanic cognates, becoming Tedric, occasionally Thedric, and perhaps rarely Theodric. However, there was certainly enough medi‘val traffic between northeastern England and Scandinavia to justify combining an Anglo-Scandinavian patronymic with a Scandinavian given name. We have therefore restored the submitter's original patronymic, slightly modifying the spelling to conform to normal Scandinavian practice.

Thorkell Ulfsson. Household name for House Ulfagardhr.

Thorkell Ulfsson. Name and device. Sable, a shakefork between three crescents argent.
The given name appeared as Thorkel on the LoI, but his form had both ls.

William le Red of Storvik. Name.
Storvik is the registered name of his barony.

Ysabel Farquhar. Device. Purpure, a pegasus segreant Or on a chief argent three iris blossoms purpure.

Ysolt la Bretonne. Name.
Brettone on the LoI was a typo; her forms had the standard French spelling.

CAID

Adelaide Rose von Erfort. Name and device. Azure, on a cross argent irradiated Or three roses in fess gules.

Antek Ignatovich . Name.
Antek is at worst a modern Polish diminutive of Antonin; since Pelican found a number of what appear to be similarly-formed period Polish diminutives, we are giving it the benefit of the doubt.

Antoinette Rosaura de La Villaverde. Name and device. Argent, three mermaids each maintaining a fleur-de-lys vert.
The name was submitted as Antoinette Rosarra de la Villaverde. Rosarra was documented from an unknown English-language Spanish baby-name book incorrectly identified as (a 1971 reprint of) Charles F. Gosnell's Spanish Personal Names, New York, 1938. It is said to be a variant of Rosaura, which is from Latin rosa aurea `golden rose' according to Gutierre Tibó (Diccionario Etimol¢gico Comparado de Nombres Propios de Persona, Barcelona, n.d.). Since she allows minor changes preserving the meaning, we have substituted the better documented form. Villaverde, literally `Green Village', is a common Spanish place-name. No documentation was presented to support the use of the definite article, but Pelican easily found Spanish communes named La Albuera, La Estrada (causeway, paved road), La Laguna (pond, lake, marsh), La Roda, La Solana (sun, sunny place), La Unió. According to M.A. Palacios (Toponimia rabe de Espa¤a, Madrid, n.d.), Albuera is Arabic for la laguna, and Roda is also Arabic, `place for collecting taxes on herds and flocks'. Finally, according to the map La Unió lies at the juncture of a sort of natural sea-wall and the main body of the Iberian Peninsula. Such names seem in general to be topographical, but there is enough variety that we are unwilling to reject the possibility of a place-name La Villaverde, especially since names of this type are likely to have been more common in the past. Antoinette is French; the usual Spanish form is Antonieta.

Ariane de Brie. Name.

Arianna of Chelsea. Device. Vert, two unicorns combatant and a pegasus passant argent.

Caid, Kingdom of. Badge for The Order of the Legion of Courtesy. [Fieldless] A rose Or barbed and seeded vert.

Caid, Kingdom of. Release of title Montcerf Herald.
Although the LoI described the transaction as a release of the title to the Kingdom of Atenveldt, there is no indication in the paperwork that it is anything but an unconditional release.

Camilla of Addershold . Name.

Caointighern nic Thiobraide. Device. Per bend sinister purpure and azure, two Lacy knots argent.

Cassandra Nicole Loustaunau. Badge. [Fieldless] A winged lion dormant wings elevated and addorsed counter-ermine.

Celeste Cathan. Device change. Or, a heart per pale indented sable and gules within a bordure vert.
Her currently registered device, Or, a heart per pale indented sable and gules between three quatrefoils vert, is retained as a badge.

Christie of Gyldenholt. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per bend sinister gules and vert, a sinister gauntlet clenched and a threaded needle bendwise sinister argent.
Submitted as Brynach Elysteg of Caerleon.

Connor Thornhill. Device. Argent, a wolf's head ululant erased gules within a bordure sable charged with a thornbranch in orle argent.

Dmitrii Andreevich Cheglakov. Device. Or, a falcon's head couped sable and a bordure rayonny vert.

Dougal MacRae. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ellisif Thorgrimsdottir. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent ermined gules and gules ermined argent, two estoiles gules and argent.

Gallavally, Canton of. Badge. Per bend gules and argent, a martlet and a tower counterchanged.

Giovanni di Fiamma. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Gregory of Saint Albans. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Guy of Castle Kirk. Badge. Per chevron inverted sable and gules, a chevron inverted embattled and in chief a crescent argent.

Idunn in Spanverska. Name.
The byname was submitted as in Sp nski on the LoI, combining a feminine form of the definite article with a modern Icelandic word for `(male) Spaniard'; the older word is Sp nverskr, and its feminine form is Sp nverska. Since she wishes to preserve the meaning, we have made the necessary correction. (We have followed her form in omitting the accent; this is an acceptable period variant.) The given name was submitted as I unn, a form that she is more than welcome to use; but until the College adopts a standardized ASCII representation for edh, thorn, etc., we will continue to register edh as d, dh, or th. Here we have chosen what seems to have been the usual period alternative.
Some commenters questioned the plausibility of the byname in combination with a Norse given name. There are at least two possible justifications; neither is wholly convincing, but they are enough to justify giving the name the benefit of the doubt. She may be a Spaniard living in Scandinavia who has adopted (or been given) a more familiar name. Alternatively, the byname may be an example of a phenomenon well-attested in the Middle Ages, at least for men's names: traders were sometimes named for the place with which they traded, and similarly, those who had lived abroad were sometimes named for the place where they had lived.

Lúrá MacCearnaigh. Name and device. Per bend azure and sable, an eagle displayed and in base a flame all within an orle argent.

Luighseach nic Lochlainn. Name.
The given name was submitted as Luiseach, but this spelling (or more correctly, Lu¡seach) appears to date from the modern Irish spelling reform. We have therefore substituted an earlier modern version that follows late-period spelling conventions. (The name is pronounced roughly `lee-shahkh'.)

Madeline Victoria of Marden. Device. Per bend purpure and gules, a bend wavy between a heart and a roundel Or.

Marcel Longueville. Device. Argent, a tyger rampant contourny between flaunches azure.

Marguerite le Swan. Name and device. Argent, a swan naiant wings elevated and addorsed purpure.
The given name was submitted as Marguéite; since the byname is essentially English, we have dropped the accent. The French spelling is unusual in an English context; Margarete and Margarette are both attested from a period compatible with le Swan.

Marie Elaine de Womwell. Device. Argent goutty azure, on a pale gules three fleurs-de-lis argent.

Marion MacCorkle. Name and device. Per bend sinister embattled argent and azure, two rabbits statant counterchanged.
The LoI is incorrect in describing MacCorkle as an Anglicized version of M'Korkyll; both are Anglicized from Gaelic Mac Thorcuill.

Morgana Ravenscrest. Badge. [Fieldless] A cross fleury azure irradiated Or.

Neassa inghean Ghiolla Chriost mhic Chathasaigh. Name and device. Azure chapé a Celtic cross and in base two bay leaves stems crossed in saltire argent.
The name was submitted as Neassa Ni Giolla Chriost Nic Cathasaigh, changed at kingdom to Neassa ingen Giolla Chriost mhic Cathasaigh. The masculine mhic `son of' is needed because Giolla Chriost is a man's name; it is in the genitive case because it is part of the patronymic, and it is aspirated for grammatical reasons. For the same reasons Cathasaigh must be aspirated to Chathasaigh, and after any feminine patronymic particle Giolla Chriost must be aspirated to Ghiolla Chriost. Finally, ingen is too early a spelling to be at all consistent with the rest of the name, so we have replaced it with the later form. The result is a three-generation name: Neassa is the daughter of Giolla Chriost, who is the son of Cathasach. An early spelling of the same name is Ness ingen Gillai Crist meic Chathassaich. (If she'd prefer to be the daughter of a man with the hereditary surname ua Giolla Chriost mhic Cathasaigh, she could replace inghean with ni.)

Richard of Wintermist. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale gules and vert, on a plate a drakkar sable.
Submitted as Ragnar Bövisbörskjaldar.

Roger Roderick Frizell. Name.
The surname was originally submitted as Frizzell, changed at kingdom to Frezel to fit the available documentation. Period spellings with z are in a small minority in the available sources, and we found no dated examples with zz. However, Black does have Frezel and Frezille from 1482; given his citations Fresell 1494, Frissell 1548, and Frizell 1685, we are willing to meet the submitter half way and accept Frizell as a possible late-period form.

Sigurd Ulfsson. Name.

Verena Marre. Name and device. Azure, a unicorn's head couped argent armed and crined Or between two bars wavy ermine.
Although there is no evidence that Verena was used in England in our period, this is a fine medi‘val German name: Socin (Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch, p. 95) has a couple of 13th century examples of Verena, and Brechenmacher (Etymologisches W”rterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen, vol. II, p. 236) cites Henr. dictus Marre 1359.

CALONTIR

Aengus Stiubhard Mac Dhughaill. Device. Barry and per pale argent and vert, a cross crosslet fitchy sable.

Alexandra Stick. Name.

Anne of Foxmoor. Name and device. Or, an eagle displayed and on a chief purpure a fleur-de-lys between two roses Or.
In this relatively early style of name the spelling Foxmore is likelier.

Benjamin McDougal. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Bianca Fioretta da Ravenna. Name.
We have replaced the patronymic preposition di with the usual locative preposition.

Catriona de Mura. Name.
Mure is a Northern spelling variant of Middle English more `moor, heath', while Catriona is a Scots Gaelic form of Katherine. In modern Scots Gaelic the o is lightly pronounced, but the period pronunciation of the name is clearly indicated by such recorded Anglicized spellings as Catrina 1551 (Black, s.n. Carstairs) and Katrina 1548 (Ibid., s.n. Drumbreck). The English evidently did not hear a sound that they could transcribe io, and Catriona is therefore (on the available evidence) not a reasonable period Anglicization. Catrina Mure would be a very authentic 16th century Anglo-Scottish name, but to accommodate the possibility that the submitter pronounces the o in Catriona, we have instead substituted a Gaelic form of the surname.

Christine Joye Stewart. Name only (see RETURNS for device).
The name is quite implausible: double given names appear only at the very end of our period in England, and by then the name Joye seems to have died out.

Conan de Walwehope. Name.

Cú an Iolair, Canton of. Device. Per pale Or and gules, an eagle displayed counterchanged and on a chief sable two laurel wreaths Or.
Nice group arms!

Dougal MacCabe. Name and device. Per bend sinister purpure and gules, a bend sinister wavy Or between two sturgeons bendwise sinister counter-naiant naiant argent.

Ekaterina Pirrovicha Zhemchuznikova. Name and device. Gules semy of pumpkins Or, a horse rampant to sinister argent.
The second element was submitted in the masculine form Pirrovich; we have substituted the corresponding feminine form.

Elspeth Lillian of York. Name and device. Argent, a fleur-de-lys gules within a bordure gules semy of escallops argent.
Since she chose Lillian for the lilies associated with her May birthday, she might like to know that the byname Lily is period (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Liley).

Gianlupo delle Bande Nere. Name and device. Azure, a wolf's head cabossed argent, in chief three poplar trees couped Or.
The compound preposition and article was submitted as della, which is singular; we have corrected the number to match the plural noun phrase Bande Nere `Black Bands'.

Jesca the Semstress. Name and device. Azure, three drop spindles and on a chief Or a threaded needle reversed azure. The name was submitted as Jessica the Seamstress. Jessica is apparently a Shakespearian creation for The Merchant of Venice, probably based on a name in Genesis 11:29; the name is Iscah in the Authorized Version of the Bible, but in earlier versions it is given as Jesca. Although no one remarked on the fact in commentary, Withycombe says that use of the name is `modern'. The play is usually dated to c.1596 and was first published in 1600, so any Jessica the Seamstress must have been extraordinarily precocious. Seamstress is also a bit problematic. The usual term in our period was sem(e)ster, sembster; though applied to both sexes by 1275, it was originally feminine. (The corresponding masculine term was semere.) Eventually a new feminine term was created by addition of -esse, a feminine suffix borrowed from the French; the earliest citations for it in the OED are sempstresse 1613 and Semstresse 1644. The earliest example of an ea spelling is from 1665, beyond even the Grey Area, but other words already show -ess rather than -esse in the 16th century, so semstress is a reasonable late-period variant.
The Puritans had already begun to mine the Old Testament for names by the end of our period, so it would not be astonishing if a child had been named Jesca. The style of name is much more characteristic of the medi‘val period, but there are rare late examples in some areas, e.g., Richard the Smithe 1582 and Henry the cutler 1601 (Richard McKinley, The Surnames of Lancashire, p. 49). Jesca the Semstress is therefore perhaps not an impossible late-period name, though nothing about it is wholly unproblematical.

Juelda of Salisbury. Badge. Azure, a dolmen Or.

Kazimir Davidovich Pyadyshev. Name and device. Per pale gules and argent, a bend sinister between two hammers counterchanged.

Kenric atten Oke. Name.

Lachlan MacKay. Name.

Michael van Bergen. Device. Or, on a bend sinister cotised sable a fleur-de-lys norry palewise argent.

Milada von Felsenhoff. Badge. [Fieldless] A butterfly per fess azure and argent.

Modric Deodatus. Device. Or, a chevron between three mullets in chief and a dragon passant gules.
This had been pended from the November 1995 Laurel meeting for a discussion (caused by the submission of Annais Eleanor de Montgomerie, registered above) of the importance and recognizability of the arms of Stafford, Or, a chevron gules, based primarily on its inclusion in the game Kingmaker. The consensus of those commenting was that the game is not sufficiently pervasive in the SCA that the arms appearing in it should be protected by the College.

Ognyen Fenlander. Device. Per chevron vert and azure, two Latin crosses and a crane in its vigilance Or.
The crosses in the large emblazon were more clearly Latinate than those on the mini-emblazon.

Raonull Modar. Badge change. Per pale sable and argent, three wolves' teeth issuant from dexter and as many from sinister counterchanged.
His currently registered badge, Azure, on a hide fesswise reversed argent a wolf courant to sinister azure, is released.

Rhys ap Hopkyn. Name.

Rowena MacDonald. Device. Per fess rayonny gules and Or, a heart counterchanged.
Please ask her to draw the line of division with fewer and larger rays.

Sabina Barclay. Name.

Samhthann ni Ghiolla Mhuire. Name.
The given name was submitted as Samthann, an early spelling inconsistent with the much later spelling of the rest of the name; we have submitted the later form. We have also added the required aspiration to the submitted Giolla. An early form would be Samthann ingen Gillai Muire.

Shane O Brollaghan. Name and device. Per bend sinister purpure and vert, a seven-headed wingless hydra statant contourny within a double tressure Or.
The surname was submitted as O'Brollochain on the LoI and as ÓBrollachán on his form. It therefore mixes English and Irish spelling codes in non-period fashion. To preserve the form of the given name we have Anglicized the surname; a completely Irish version would be Seá Ó Brollachán.

Skorri inn Godi Haraldsson. Name.
His form actually has the more usual spelling goö, which he is more than welcome to use; but until the College adopts a standardized ASCII representation for edh, thorn, etc., we will continue to register edh as d, dh, or th.

Stacia Erickson. Name.

Sveva la Lucciola. Name.
The byname was submitted as della Lucciola `of the butterfly', but the documentation supports Lucciola only as a nickname, so we have dropped the preposition.

Taariq ibn Akmal. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Tatiana Dieugarde. Name and device. Gules, a bear rampant maintaining a cross crosslet fitchy and on a chief embattled Or three crosses crosslet fitchy sable.

Wulfric Tyrrell. Name and device. Sable, a fess checky Or and gules between in chief three anchors and in base a wolf's head argent.
The name was submitted as Wulfric Ian Tyrrell, but his form had Wulfric Tyrrell. When Wulfric was still in use, the surname seems to have been spelled with just one r; Wulfric Tirell would be completely documentable c.1200.

EAST

Aetheric Lindeberende. Household name for Company of the Red Tyger.

Aryana van Wyck. Device. Or, a dove volant, wings addorsed, azure bearing in its beak an olive branch vert.

Brenna nic Adam. Badge. (Fieldless) A demi-horse argent sustaining a harp proper.

Brychan Tammas. Name and device. Gyronny Or and azure, a dragon segreant argent.

Catriona of Downpatrick. Name change from Ashling McNairn.
Catriona is not a reasonable period Anglicization of Gaelic Caitriona and its variants, as may be seen from the recorded Anglo-Scottish forms Catrina and Katrina. However, the lingua anglica allowance permits it to be combined with the English version of the locative.

Claus of Burzee. Device. Gules, a fess invected conjoined with a demi-pale in chief invected argent.

Conn Fox. Name.

Ealhswith of Evesham. Name and device. Argent, four lozenges in cross purpure.
The submitted form is good; Ealhswith on Eveshamme would have been a superb example of a tenth-century Old English name.

Elisabeth Browneye. Device. Or, a pile inverted vert and a chief wavy azure.

Elizabeth Elenore Lovell. Name.

Elsa de Lyon. Name only (see RETURNS for device).
Socin (Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch, p. 53) cites Elsa 1299 as the name of a gardener's daughter. Regardless of the submitter's possible intent, the name is a reasonable period construction and when properly pronounced does not even sound particularly like Elsa the Lion (the principal character in the movie Born Free).

Gwenhevare de Lacy. Device. Per pale vert and argent, in pale a lucy naiant and a rose counterchanged.

Hans ter Beke. Device. Per chevron inverted sable and vert, a chevron inverted ermine.

Hendricke Lambert Bloetgoet. Device. Azure, a knorr reversed Or, on a chief argent three gouttes de sang.

Isolde of Beaumaris. Name.

Jan Janowicz Bogdanski. Badge. (Fieldless) A horseshoe ensigned with a cross fitchy azure.

Jan Kees Dudel. Name only (see RETURNS for device).
Kees is a Dutch pet form of Cornelis; though undated, it is old enough to have produced the patronymic surname Keesen. The combination of Dutch given names with Dudel, a Low German pet form of Dietrich, is reasonable both linguistically and geographically. Finally, the use of two given names first occurs quite early in Germany; in particular, Pelican has a couple dozen Eastphalian examples from the 14th and 15th centuries, several of which use pet forms in much the same way as this name. This is geographically close enough to the Low Countries to justify extending the construction the benefit of the doubt, since we have little information on late-period Netherlandish names. From a purely formal point of view, therefore, the name is clearly registerable.
The only remaining question is whether its resemblance to Yankee Doodle is too intrusive. On this issue commentary was almost evenly divided between those who found the name intrusively modern and those who thought it a `funny-once' to which the so-called Toyota principle should apply, with a slight edge to the latter group. Returns for matters of taste, like armorial returns for visual conflict, should be avoided whenever possible; in the absence of a clear consensus that the name is intrusively modern, we cannot justify returning it.

Katharyn Clatworthy. Device. Argent, a horse salient and in base two tilting-lances in saltire azure.

Katherine la Lionesse. Device. Argent, on a cross invected vert between four acorns inverted bendwise sinister slipped and leaved sable a lioness sejant guardant Or.

Kirsten Munro. Name and device. Or, an eagle's head erased and on a chief gules a mallet fesswise Or.

Laurence Munro. Name and device. Or, on a bend engrailed sable, three fleurs-de-lys palewise Or.

Llywelyn Chwith. Name.

Mairghread NicNeachdainn. Name and device. Per chevron sable fretty argent and semy of fountains, and azure, in base a tyger dormant argent.
The name was submitted as Mairghread MacNeachdainn, but the masculine patronymic in Mac- is incompatible with the feminine given name, and we have therefore substituted the feminine equivalent.

Mord Hrutson the Green. Badge. Vert, semy of bears rampant argent.

Muiredach O'Siadhail. Device. Gyronny arrondy Or and gules, a gunstone.

Muirghein Dhubh ni Mhaille. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and argent, a comet headed of a roundel bendwise sinister and three mullets counterchanged.
The name was submitted as Muirgen Dubh ni Maille, which combines early and late Irish spelling conventions. We have substituted late forms throughout and aspirated the adjective dubh after the feminine noun in the nominative case; using early forms would apparently yield Muirgen Dub ingen Maille.

Owen ap Robert. Name only (see RETURNS for device).
The patronymic particle was submitted in the modern variant form op; lacking any evidence for period use of this variant, we have submitted the usual ap. As noted in the LoI, he actually submitted Owen op Robert (Called Owen Dall), a form that we do not register. If he wishes to be officially blind, as it were, he might consider Owen Dall ap Robert.

Paul the Pleasant. Device. Argent, a sinister gauntlet clenched transfixed at the wrist by an arrow fesswise reversed within a bordure sable.

Sadhbha ni Ruaidhri. Name and device. Or, on a pile flory at the tip vert a cross flory argent.

Stefan Hochreiter. Device. Per bend indented sable and Or, two caltrops counterchanged.

Stephan Grandchamp. Badge. Vert, an escallop inverted argent and in chief a chain of three links fesswise Or.

Tibor of Rock Valley. Device. Vert, a delf Or.

MIDDLE

Abu Da'ud al-Rashid al-Bodrumi. Device. Azure, a demi-elephant rampant and in chief three roundels Or.

Agnes Barbarossa. Name and device. Quarterly gules and argent, four roses counterchanged, barbed and seeded proper.

Alaric le Fevre. Name.

Aleid van Deursen. Device. Lozengy sable and argent, a basilisk erect contourny gules maintaining a drinking horn Or.

Artair Mac Neacail. Name.

Aurildis Peregrina. Badge. [Fieldless] A comet gules.

Barbara atte Dragon. Device. Argent scaly vert, a salamander statant guardant and a chief purpure.

Basarab the Wary. Device. Checky argent and purpure, in fess a sinister fist and a dexter fist each sustaining an annulet sable.

Ben Dunfirth, Barony of. Name for Award of the Boars Tusk.

Ben Dunfirth, Barony of. Name for Order of the Golden Boar.

Brithwine of Grafhamwude. Name.
The name was submitted as Beorthwine of Grafham Wood with a request to correct it for 11th century East Anglia. Beorthwine is a variant of the Old English name whose classical West Saxon form is Beorhtwine; the prototheme is formally identical to the word beorht `bright'. In the dialect spoken in East Anglia, however, the diphthong eo had been smoothed to e well before the 11th century; A.H. Smith (English Place-Name Elements, s.v. beorht) gives the Anglian forms as berht, breht. The citations in B. Selté (The Anglo-Saxon Heritage in Middle English Personal Names, vol. II) are specifically from East Anglia; there are about 60 12th century citations of names with this prototheme. They consistently show metathesis of the r and the characteristic Anglian raising of e to i; thus, they begin Bri. The most common are Brict-, Brich-, and Bricht, which together account for a majority of the citations, and most of the rest retain some trace of the h, but there are six citations with Brith- (and a few more with Brit- or Brid-). Domesday Book data are similar in kind. The documentable 12th century East Anglian form closest to Beorthwine is therefore Brithwine.
Evidence bearing on the locative is harder to come by. The one clear parallel is modern Burtonwood, which as late as 1228 still retained the possessive ending on the first element: Burtoneswod. This is explicitly the wood belonging to the community of Burton, and there is some indirect evidence to suggest that Burtonwod might have been an acceptable alternative for a wood that merely happened to be situated near Burton. At any rate there is no compelling reason to add the possessive marker to the submitted Grafham. The normal Old English word for `wood' was wudu, wuda in the dative case after the preposition of. However, by the 11th century it was normal to write the unstressed final -a as -e (Roger Lass, Phonology and morphology, in The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. II, Norman Blake, ed.; p. 77). It was also normal to write such a compound as a single word, so a reasonable guess at a 12th century East Anglian form of the byname is of Grafhamwude. (Other prepositions were more common than of, but it was not exceptionally rare.)

Caldrithig, Canton of. Name.
This had been returned in the November 1995 LoAR because it lacked the necessary poll of populace support. A copy of that poll having now been received, we are able to register the name here.

Catriona Elspeth Montgumery of Renfrewshire. Badge. [Fieldless] A thistle within and conjoined to an annulet of rope argent.

Cecil the Silent. Name.

Cecilia Maria Landriani. Device. Or, an iris purpure slipped and leaved vert, on a chief purpure three moons in their plentitude Or.

Christiana Sutherland. Name.

Conall Cailech . Name and badge. [Fieldless] Atop a barrel palewise a cock passant contourny maintaining a sword Or.

Cynfyn ap Rhiwallon. Name.

Cynnabar, Shire of. Badge. [Fieldless] An elephant statant Or.

Dairenn ingen Fh el in. Name.
The patronymic was submitted as ingen Fálain; we have added the missing aspiration and, for consistency, the missing fada.

Dmitrii Volkovich. Device change. Pean, a wolf rampant argent, on a chief enarched Or three crescents sable. His currently registered device, Pean, a wolf rampant argent, on a chief doubly-enarched Or two crescents sable, is released.

Eirik Frostbeard Banna. Badge. [Fieldless] Two ram's heads erased addorsed and conjoined at the horns and neck argent.

Elayne Gwenlhian de Bellée. Device. Argent, a demi-dragon rampant contourny gules.

Faoiltighearna n¡ Mhurchadha. Name.

Friedrich Burger. Name.

Inga Agnadottir. Name and device. Purpure, a bunch of grapes Or slipped and leaved argent.

Innokenti Rublyov. Name.
Please make sure that she is aware that the name is masculine.

Isabella Lacebrayder. Name and device. Purpure, a seeblatt and a chief invected argent.
An excellent medi‘val English name.

Isabelle of Leith. Device. Per bend sinister vairy argent and sable, and gules, in base two crosses crosslet Or.

Isbjön Eymuni. Name.
The hypothetical Old Norse name Isbjön is justified by the productivity of the prototheme (Is-) and deuterotheme (-bjön); the latter in particular appears in a large number of attested names.

Ivan Krasavets. Badge. [Fieldless] A tower per bend sinister Or and vert.

Jadwiga Wawrzynowiczóna. Name.

Kateryn of Cornwall. Name.

Konrad Mailander. Alternate persona name of Konrad der Bä.

Llwyd Aldrydd. Name.

Mana Borisova Tchekrygina. Name.
The name was submitted as Mana Borisova Tchekrugina, but the u is not supported by the documentation; we have therefore substituted a correct transliteration.

Medve Arszlan. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and gules, a bend sinister sable.
Striking armory!

Minowara Miyoshi. Name.

Minowara Torajirou Yoshiaki. Name.

Minowara Yoshiwakamaru. Name.
The given name appeared as Yoshiwakameru on the LoI, but this was merely a typo.

Mouren Mousseau. Name.
A combination of Pictish and French is at best rather iffy; fortunately, Mouren is also a possible medi‘val development of Latin Maurinus, albeit not one of the more probable ones.

Muirenn ingen Thomais. Name.
The patronymic was submitted as ingen Tomais; we have supplied the missing aspiration.

Ogg the Red. Name and device. Per pale gules and argent masoned counterchanged, a roundel per pale Or and sable. The given name was submitted as Og, but the available examples, Ogge filius Adam 1199 and Ralph filius Ogg 13th c. (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Ogg), better support the registered form.

Pagan l'Óarro de Montpeller. Name change from holding name Marshall of Turm an dem See.
This name change had been submitted and returned as "Pagan L'Ósaro de Montpeller" in the February 1995 LoAR because according to the documentation the byname should have been either l'ósaro or L¢sarro, and the submitter allowed no changes. The submitter has corresponded with Laurel (in June and November 1995), and has requested that the minor change to l'Óarro be made and the name registered. While this is not quite the "free upgrade" option which has been discussed among the members of the College and which most members appear to favor, it is a timely request to register a form of the name which would have been registered at the time had changes been permitted, and we saw no particular benefit to be gained by anyone in requiring the submitter to go through the entire submissions process again simply to "de-capitalize" an "L". As a consequence, we are here, at the submitter's specific and timely written request (no conflicting name having been registered in the meantime), registering one of the two forms of the name specifically mentioned in the prior return as being registrable.

Rachel Lamorran. Name.

Ragnar Gentlehand. Name.
The byname is very unlikely. For most of our period gentle referred to good birth and breeding; the sense of softness and tenderness seems not to have appeared until the 16th century. A period expression of the idea is seen in Godhand c.1095 `good hand', which might later have appeared as Godehand. Swethand' `sweet hand' is also attested, and Mild(e)hand would be a reasonable construct.

Randwulf Widefarer. Badge only (see RETURNS for household name). [Fieldless] Two dragon's jambs erased inverted in saltire argent.

Rowena of Jorvik. Name change from Rowena o'r Emrallt.
Her old name is released. Please inform her that Rowena does not seem to have been used by human beings in our period; it is an `SCA-compatible' Latinization of a name used by Geoffrey of Monmouth for a fictional character.

Runa von Rosenburg. Name change from holding name Andrea von Rosenburg.

Rupert von Grnwald. Name and device. Per chevron azure and Or, three compass stars one and two Or and a tree proper.
The place-name appeared as Grunwald on the LoI, but his form had Grnwald.

Sarah Fontaine. Name.

SignýSögvari Svansdötir. Badge. [Fieldless] A crescent sable.

Stephan von D&uringen. Name.
The name was submitted as Stephan Von Thüingen with a request to correct it for 12th century Thuringia. This date is within the Middle High German (MHG) period. According to M. O'C. Walshe (A Middle High German Reader, p. 187), the normal MHG name for Thuringia was Düengen, while E. Schwarz (Sudetendeutsche Familiennamen aus vorhussitischer Zeit, s.nn. Düing, Düinger) gives Düinc or Düinger as MHG for `a Thuringian'. These forms and the actual citations suggest that Düingen is a likely variant of Düengen, so we have registered the name as Stephan von Düingen in order to make as small a change as possible. (We suspect that the form Stephan Düinger was actually more common in this period.)

Thyri Aradottir. Name.

Valentine Christian Warner. Device change. Vert, three long conical caps Or turned up ermine.
His currently registered device, Vert, three long conical caps Or turned up ermine within a bordure ermine, is released.

Vincent von Waldheim. Name.
The preposition was capitalized on the LoI, but the consultation form had von.

Vladimir Vasil'ev Krasnogo. Name.

Wilhelm Cameron von Holstein. Household name for Company of Saint Constantine.
This is an excellent household name.

Wulfram Draco. Name.

Wulfwyn of Logan. Name.

Yehuda ben Maimon. Name.

NON-SCA ARMORY

Napoleon. Badge. Azure, semy of bees Or.
There were an ample number of commenters who felt that Napoleon's badge was of sufficient importance and recognizability to protect. As a consequence, we are adding it to the list of protected items here.

OUTLANDS

Carina Lunetta de Lacy. Name change from holding name Cherie of the Outlands.
This name had been returned in the September 1995 LoAR because no name submission form had been received by Laurel, and the accompanying armory was registered under a holding name. The form having now been forwarded, we are able to register the name.

Cormac MacLean. Name and device. Gules, two Grecian sphinxes combattant Or winged and in base a book argent. This had been returned in the November 1995 LoAR because no forms had been received by Laurel. The forms having now been forwarded, we are able to register these items.

Kamitatsu Toshimoto. Device. Per pale gules and argent, a crab counterchanged and a bordure sable.
This had been pended from the September Laurel meeting.

Meleri Gyfford. Name and device. Azure, a coney salient argent and on a chief Or three golpes.
This had been returned in the November 1995 LoAR because no forms had been received by Laurel. The forms having now been forwarded, we are able to register these items.

Robyn de Rohan. Device. Or, a compass-star vert, in chief a label dovetailed couped sable.
This had been returned in the September 1995 LoAR because no letter of permission to conflict from Rodema of Rohan had been included with the forms. That letter of permission having been received, we may now register this.

WEST

Brian of the West. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a créuier gules.
The créuier is sufficiently different from any other kind of tree to be considered a different charge, and its stylization is more than consistent enough for it to be unlikely to be mistaken for any other kind of tree. (Not to mention the fact that we regularly give a CD between radically different types of trees; for example, fir trees and oak trees.) All things considered, I have no problem granting at least a CD for a créuier versus any other tree.
Submitted as Walraven Van Nijmege.

Catherine de Arc. Name.
Although the usual French spelling is d'Arc, there are numerous Anglo-Norman examples without elision before a vowel.
Cathleen de Barre. Name.
Note that period English spelling conventions make it overwhelmingly likely that Cathleen is a modern Anglicization of Caitl¡n.

Dragmel Morgunn the Wanderer. Name and device. Or, a chevron purpure between two ducks close and a dragon segreant sable.
The epithet is allowable by virtue of the lingua anglica allowance.

Gawain Velimere. Name and device. Argent, a phoenix displayed within an orle azure.

Julyan of Glencoe. Device. Quarterly Or and azure, two ladybugs in bend gules marked sable.

Marcus Waffenschmied . Name.

Meliora de Curci. Name.

Politarchopolis, Barony of. Name for Order of the Burly Griffin.

Politarchopolis, Barony of. Name for Order of the Cordon Rouge.
A possible aural conflict was noted with the Couronne Rouge Herald of An Tir. They are very close, but we agree with Palimpsest that they are just clear: the addition of the d and the change in the vowel of the first syllable constitute a significant difference. (There is also a quite noticeable difference in the second syllables if they are pronounced in the French style.) Politarchopolis, Barony of. Name for Order of the Griffins Wing. The modifier was submitted as Griffin's; we have removed the apostrophe, which was seldom if ever used in period to mark the possessive.

Politarchopolis, Barony of. Name for Order of the Griffins Egg.
The modifier was submitted as Griffin's; we have removed the apostrophe, which was seldom if ever used in period to mark the possessive.

R¡oghnach n¡ Laisreán. Name.

Yseult de Lacy. Device. Azure, a griffin segreant and in chief three estoiles, all within a bordure engrailed Or.


THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:
AN TIR

Christiana Rowena Yonge. Badge. Barry wavy argent and azure, a sun in its glory gules.
Conflict with Ansteorra (badge for the Chronicler), [Tinctureless] A mullet of five greater and five lesser points distilling goutes. There is one CD for tincturelessness/fieldlessness, but we give no difference between a sun and a mullet of many points.

ANSTEORRA

Rhun Rolfson. Device. Azure, on a bend argent three wildcat heads caboshed gules.
Conflict with Andrea de Champs de Batailles, Azure, on a bend argent a unicorn's head palewise couped sable between two cinquefoils purpure, and with Pasgen ap Rhys, Azure, on a bend argent a dragon passant azure, armed and scaled Or, and in canton an emerald proper. In each case there is only one CD for the changes to the tertiaries.

Thorvald Egilsson. Badge. [Fieldless] A savage proper maintaining in dexter hand a beehive and in sinister hand a drinking horn Or.
Conflict with Bari the Unfettered, Barry argent and gules, a naked man manacled on each wrist, lengths of broken chain pendant, and a length of broken chain at his feet, all proper. There is clearly one CD for the fieldlessness, but nothing for posture or the maintained charges.

ATENVELDT

Jane Beaumont. Name
Unfortunately, this fine name was registered on the 9/95 LoAR to a lady in Meridies. The accompanying armory was registered under the holding name Jane of Twin Moons.

Mara von dem Turlin. Name.
Although the LoI gave the name as shown, it was in fact submitted as Mara von dem TülŒn, and the submitter forbids all changes. This is unfortunate, for although von dem Tülin is an attested 13th century form, the circumflex over the i is a modern scholarly indication of vowel length that was not used in period, and we must therefore return the name.
The accompanying armory was registered under the holding name Melissa of Loch Salann.

Masala a'Laon. Household name for House Syrocco.
The spelling syrocco is found in an English work of 1617, where it is described as the name given by the Italians to the South-East wind; this puts it within the Grey Area as a word. (The actual Italian term was apparently s(c)irocco or scilocco.) However, socio-political units do not seem to have been named after atmospheric phenomena in period. There are a few examples in which a fairly standard place-name element is modified by a word naming an atmospheric phenomenon; one is Windhill (Yorkshire West Riding). But before registering what is essentially House North-East Wind, we need evidence that such a name conforms to period practice.

Patricia the Whaleseeker. Name.
No one found Whaleseeker a plausible period byname, and most commenters found it intrusively modern in form. Despite the Norse trade in narwhal horns, the large Icelandic-English Dictionary compiled by Cleasby, Vigfusson, and Craigie has only one hval- (`whale-') compound describing an occupation, namely, hvalskyti `harpooner', and it seems unlikely that whaleseeking was a discrete occupation separate from command and navigation. Geirr Bassi notes the Old Norse byname hvalaskúr `a seabird which follows the whales', which would certainly seem to be appropriate for a notably successful whaler; unfortunately, it is questionable whether it could reasonably be combined with the Latin Patricia.

Raimund of Jutland. Device. Sable papellony argent, an alphyn passant Or.
Conflict with Alanna of Atenveldt, as cited in the LoI, Per fess wavy azure and gules, a tyger passant Or. There is only one CD, for the changes to the field. By prior Laurel precedent, "the visual similarities of the primary charges [an alphyn and a tyger], combined with the lack of a clear heraldic difference in period, is too strong to grant the necessary second CD." (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR November 1993, p.18) The presence of a field treatment in addition to the change of field tincture does not add another CD. Per RfS X.4.a.i., when other than peripheral charges are present, a maximum of one CD can be obtained for changes to the field.

Stephen von Repgow. Name.
His form actually has Von Repgow, despite the fact that his own documentation says that the upper-case V is incorrect. Since he forbids changes, we must return the name.

ATLANTIA

Achbar ibn Ali. Badge. [Fieldless] A compass star issuant from each point a lightning bolt argent.
The overall effect of this badge is very modern, consisting as it does of a non-period charge treatment (the thunderbolts) of another non-period charge (the compass star). As such, it falls afoul of the strictures of RfS VIII.4. (Obtrusive Modernity) and VIII.4.d. (Modern Style).
Additionally, there is a visual conflict with the badge of Cerelia de Lacy of Sherborne, Purpure, an escarbuncle argent. There is the fieldless CD, but it takes the eye too long to sort out the other differences between the two in all the "busy-ness" of the charges.

Gaoth Makbrair. Name.
Makbrair is an English spelling of Mac Brathair `the friar's son'. It indicates a dialect in which the th was already silent, as it is today. Thus, the th in Gaoth would also have been silent, and the name would have been transcribed Ge(e), Gy(e), Gi(e), or the like. Since it is a man's name, it might well have been replaced by the more familiar Guy. Any of these would be a rather considerable change; moreover, the submitter is female, and there is no indication that she realizes that this is a man's name. We could make the whole thing Gaelic (as Gaoth Mac Brathair), but the consultation notes indicate that she wants to take her husband's surname, and his name was registered as Donal Makbrair earlier in this LoAR. We are therefore returning the name to let her decide how to proceed.
The accompanying armory was registered under the holding name Marcia of Azurmont.

Gwenhwyvar Ywein. Device. Azure, a lymphad and on a chief argent three loaves of bread proper.
Given the wide variety of colors for bread loaves in their "natural" state, dependent upon, among other things, the type(s) of flour used and the baking methods utilized, bread comes in a range of colors from almost white to almost black, and there does not appear to be a "widely understood default coloration" for bread proper. Neither does there appear to be an heraldic default. The submitter should choose one of the standard heraldic tinctures.

CAID

Ancellin Fitzalan of Newe Castle. Device. Per pale gules and azure, a sea-frauenadler argent.
Conflict with Giovanni di Giacomettino, Azure, a winged merman argent, and Alexandra of Cat's Heart, Barry wavy azure and vert, a winged mermaid displayed argent. In each case there is a CD for the field, but nothing for posture (which is identical) or for the minor differences among the types of the winged humanoid sea-monsters.

Brynach Elysteg of Caerleon. Name.
Elysteg is a modern invention very loosely based on the Welsh masculine name Eliseg. Brynach is a Welsh man's name substituted at kingdom for the submitter's undocumented Bryna. Normally we would simply drop Elysteg to register the rest of the name, but since Brynach is neither what the submitter originally wanted nor, apparently, of the right gender, we prefer to return the name for further work.
If the submitter is most interested in the element Bryna, Searle lists the Old English men's names Bryne, Bryni, and Brynia; any of these would be registerable and indeed quite compatible with the locative in the Domesday Book form Carlion. (Bryna itself may not be justified by these names. If Redin is correct in thinking them to be forms of Brun in which the suffix -i(a) has caused i-mutation of the vowel, then the corresponding -a form is Bruna, not Bryna; like most Old English simplex names in -a, it is masculine.) If the submitter is more interested in having a Welsh name, it will be necessary to begin afresh, preferably with some instruction in how to identify the period names in Gruffudd.
The accompanying armory was registered under the holding name Christie of Gyldenholt.

Cloudy River, Shire of. Name.
The name was chosen on account of a `large, murky river' running through the shire; however, cloudy does not seem to have been used in this sense in period place-names. The Old English place-name elements fû `foul, dirty, filthy', fennig `dirty, muddy, marshy', bloec `black, dark-colored, dark', ê `river, stream', and w‘ter `water, an expanse of water; lake, pool; stream, river' can be used to construct a variety of period-style place-names with basically the desired meaning. In likely Middle English forms some of these would be: Fuleye, Fulewatere, Fennywatere, Blakeye, and Blakewatere (actually attested from 1279). There was also no petition of support with the submission form.

Dougal MacRae. Device. Argent, three chevronels braced gules, on a chief sable a lion couchant Or.
Conflict with the device of Jordre Pargon of Windhover's Reach, Argent, three chevronels braced azure, and on a chief sable, a snow leopard couchant argent spotted sable. There is one CD for the change of tincture of the chevronels, but nothing for the change of tincture only of the tertiary cat.

Dragon's Citadel, Canton of. Name and device. Or, two wyverns erect respectant and within a laurel wreath vert a tower gules.
The Old English word for dragon does occur in some real English place-names, but it was draca (genitive singular dracan), so it now appears as drake (or draken). Moreover, it is associated with words for natural features, especially mounds, hollows, etc., probably on account of the common Germanic folktale motif of a treasure guarded by a dragon. The word dragon is from the French and signified not only the monster but also a battle or pageant standard, carried by the dragoner (Old French dragonier). Here, however, neither meaning makes good sense: presumably the citadel is neither owned nor operated by a dragon or a standard! The word citadel itself is unlikely in a period name, since the first citation in the OED is from 1586, and its French source is only about a century older. Finally, use of the apostrophe to indicate the possessive seems to have begun in the 17th century. Some of these problems are relatively minor or easily fixed, but the net effect is of a name that owes more to 20th century fantasy than to period naming practice, and in any case they allow no changes. We are therefore returning the name for further work, with the suggestion that they consult with someone who has some knowledge of period place-names. Ensign's A Survey of the History of English Place-names in the Proceedings of the Knowne World Heraldic and Scribal Symposium held in Trimaris in 1994 is a useful, accessible, and brief introduction.
No problems were found with the device, but as we are unable to create a holding for a group, the armory must be returned with the name.

Edith of Warwick. Alternate persona name Eilidh NicDhómhnuill.
The patronymic, which was actually submitted as Nic Dhóhnuill, is based on a masculine form that appears as Mac Dhòhnuill in some modern Scots Gaelic sources, including the submitter's documentation, and as Mac Dhomhnuill in others, especially older ones. In modern Irish sources it is Mac D(h)omhnaill. We have found no example with the submitter's acute accent. Since Scots Gaelic use of the accent grave is modern, we would simply have dropped the accent to register the name as Eilidh Nic Dhomhnuill, but she permits no changes whatsoever, and we are therefore obliged to return the name.

Finn Mathie. Badge. Per bend gules and sable, a pile between two piles inverted argent.
No conflicts or other bars to registration were found, but as no forms were forwarded to Laurel, this must be returned.

Giovanni di Fiamma. Device. Per pale sable and gules, a phoenix, in chief five mullets of six points, Or.
No conflicts or other bars to registration were found, but as no forms were received by Laurel, this must be returned.

Gregory of Saint Albans. Device. Per bend Or and azure, a Celtic cross counterchanged.
Visual conflict with Ingold of the Flaming Gryphon, Per pale azure and Or, a Celtic cross counterchanged. While it is true that the line of division of both the field and the cross have been changed, in fact less than one-half of the tincture of the cross has actually been changed, and a visual comparison of the two emblazons demonstrated that in fact the only apparent change has been to the field.

Gregory of Saint Albans. Badge. Azure, two bars invected argent and in chief five piles in point Or.
"A pile should extend most if not all the way to the base; properly drawn, there would not be enough room for a charge ... to fit between the pile and the base." [Baldwin of Erebor, LoAR 16 December 1984, p. 18] "There is a long-standing precedent in the College for banning charges, including laurel wreaths, below piles on the grounds that a properly drawn period pile would not allow space for another charge to rest, in whole or in part, below the pile." (Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane, LoAR 25 February 1990, p. 19) "[A] pile would issue from farther in on the chief (rather [than] from the corners) and would almost touch the base point of the shield and would not have room for a charge beneath it". (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR October 1990 p.21) "Piles are properly drawn throughout, or nearly so; they would not come to a point at the point of the [per chevron inverted] field division, as here." (Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme, LoAR August 1992, p. 31)
As noted in all of the precedents above, piles should be nearly throughout; these do not even come to the fess line.

Mathuin MacRae. Name.
The most obvious problem with the name is that Mathuin is Gaelic while MacRae is Anglicized. Since the submitter thinks that the whole is Gaelic, and allows changes, this could be corrected by replacing MacRae by the Gaelic form, MacRaith. Unfortunately, Mathuin (or rather Mathún) is a strictly modern spelling of Mathghamhain, and the change from Mathuin MacRae to Mathghamhain MacRaith is certainly not minor, so we are forced to return the name.
The submitter is under the impression that Mathún is a Gaelic version of his modern given name, Matthew. This error arises from the fact that the surname Matheson can represent either the modern Gaelic patronymic surname M'Mhathain derived from Mathghamhain or the English patronymic surname Matthewson. It is re‹nforced by his mispronunciation of the name, which is actually pronounced approximately `mo-HOON'. In case he is most interested in keeping a version of his modern given name, we note that Maitiú pronounced approximately `mah-tyoo', is a genuine Gaelic borrowing of Matthew; a slightly older form is Maidiú

Ragnar Bövisbörskjaldar. Name.
The byname was originally submitted as Bövisbör, which the submitter mistakenly thought meant `mischievous warrior'. Böv¡ss is `detestable, mischievous' (literally `bale-wise'), but bör is a kind of tree. The error stems from a misunderstood entry in Zoöa's Old Icelandic Dictionary in which bör skjaldar, literally `shield's tree', is glossed as a poetic term (i.e., kenning) for a warrior. The Caidan CoH caught the error and added skjaldar in an attempt to rectify it.
Unfortunately, there is no evidence that such poetic expressions were actually used as bynames, which were much more down to earth. We therefore reaffirm the precedent set in the 9/94 return of Hrolfr sveröFreyr (Atenveldt), in which Laurel declined to register a similar kenning with the following explanation: The relevant entry in Gordon is sveröFreyr, literally `sword-Frey'. The usual transliterations without the edh would be sverd-Freyr and Sverdh-Freyr. However, as the context of the poem from which the phrase is taken shows, sveröFreyr is not a straightforward word for `warrior'; rather it is a kenning taken from a form of court poetry. It is quite different from the more straightforward, earthy examples of bynames shown in Geirr Bassi and other sources. Without evidence for the use of such fanciful bynames by real people, we are reluctant to register it here. The simple böviss is attested as a byname, and the constructed compound böviskappi `mischievous (or detestable) warrior or champion' seems justifiable on the basis of the examples Hitd‘lakappi `H¡tdale-warrior' and jarlakappi `champion of earls' from Geirr Bassi. Either of these is more than a minor change, however, so we are returning the name for further work.
The accompanying armory was registered under the holding name Richard of Wintermist.

Rouge Anne Marie de Maurier. Name.
No evidence has been presented to support French use of prefixed nicknames other than gros `large' and petit `small', whose use is inferred from such extant surnames as Grosclaude and Petitjean. The widespread surnames Rouge and Lerouge clearly indicate that the epithet rouge was used, but we need evidence for this unusual placement before we can register it. We would have dropped the problematic element, but she allows no changes, so we must return the name.
The submitter's documentation is quite beside the point. It consists of photocopies of documents written in a post-period hand summarizing what appear to be 14th and 16th century records concerning ownership of land. The first notes the purchase of le petit rouge pége de Péonne `the little red toll-house of Péonne'; the second is headed by what appears to be a place-name Bois-Rouge `Red-Wood'; and the last includes la seigneurie de la Grange-Rouge, paroisse de Saint-George-sur-Cher, tenue par N. Gallocheau `the manor of the Red Barn, parish of St.-George-sur-Cher, held by N. Gallocheau' in a list of fiefs held of the King by one Thomas Bohier, Knight, baron of Saint Cirque, lord of Chenonceau and of ...elles, general of finances. These transcriptions, if accurate, show that the adjective rouge `red' was used in period and that it had been incorporated into place-names, but they have no bearing on its use in personal names.

Seamus Maitiu an Ruaid. Name.
There are two problems here: first, Irish doesn't seem to have used double given names or unmarked patronymics; and secondly, Irish adjectival bynames don't seem to use the definite article (here an) when the given name is present. There are two quite different ways to fix the name, depending on what he wants it to mean: Sémus mac MaitiúRuaidh is `James, the son of Red Matthew', while Sémus Ruadh mac Maitiúis `Red James, the son of Matthew'. Since he indicates a desire to preserve both the meaning and the sound of the name, we are unwilling to make the choice for him.

Steuen Cur Tgellast. Name.
The original documentation for Cur is based on a misunderstanding of Withycombe's citation `Matheus Cur 1166', in which Cur is a reference to the Curia Regis Rolls. It is a perfectly acceptable byname, however: Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Curr, have Hugo le Cur 1212. Tgellast, documented from the 1606 parish register of St. Keverne, Cornwall, presented a fascinating problem. The initial consonant combination Tg is very improbable, since it does not occur in either English or Cornish. Harpy points out that G. Pawley White (A Handbook of Cornish Surnames, p. 54) notes a surname derived from the town of Tregellast (cf. Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Tregellas: Nicholas de Tregellest 1297) and offers the following explanation: `Given how common the element tre is in Cornish place (and thus sur-) names, it would not be surprising to find it abbreviated. So I believe we can interpret Tgellast as T'gellast, i.e. T[re]gellast.' This interpretation is confirmed by a close examination of the photocopies of the microfilm of the register: the cross-stroke of the T has a pronounced upward hook not found on any other upper-case T on the page, of the sort not uncommonly used in Elizabethan secretary hand to mark an elision. Another example is the surname Tfallack, which appears in the printed summary but is unfortunately from a different page of the register; it is clearly a similar abbreviation of Trefallack, probably Trevellack `walled homestead' (T.F.G. Dexter, Cornish Names, Truro, 1968, p. 28).
Normally we would simply expand the scribal abbreviation and register the name as Steuen Cur Tregellast; the combination of bynames is more reasonable than most and could probably be given the benefit of the doubt. However, his forms indicate that he does not care about the meaning and does care about the sound of the name, and he thinks that Tgellast is homonymous with cellist. Since Tregellast sounds quite different, we prefer to return the name for further work. If he resubmits this with a double surname, he should try to document the form.

CALONTIR

Anlon MacMatha. Badge. [Fieldless] An equal-armed Celtic cross vert pierced of a mullet.
The "piercing" of the cross here is essentially an attempt to use a tinctureless (or rather, omni-tinctured) tertiary charge. Such have been disallowed for some time. "It is not possible to eclipse something `of the field' on a fieldless badge." (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR February 1991, p. 18)
It is true that we have registered fieldless badges consisting of a charge which has been pierced, but in these cases the piercing was part of the definition of the charge (e.g., a mascle, a rustre) and can hardly be considered as being in the same category as a "cross pierced of an (omni-tinctured) mullet".

Aleksandr Yaroslavovich Vyetcikov . Badge. Counter-ermine, a winged natural tiger salient argent.
Conflict with Alienora di Paravano, Per saltire gules and sable, a winged lion rampant wings elevated and addorsed argent. There is one CD for the difference in the fields, but nothing for rampant vs. salient,, and the College has long considered that "cats is cats" in the same manner that "swords is swords".

Benjamin McDougal. Device. Per fess wavy argent and purpure semy of helms argent, a demi-griffin segreant issuant from the line of division purpure.
The line of division of the field needs to be drawn much more boldly. Indeed, even in the large emblazon it was nearly impossible to identify at any distance.

Christine Joye Stewart. Device. Azure, on an open book argent a thistle and a pan pipe azure.
Conflict with Trimaris (badge for the Kingdom Historian), Upon a book argent in fess a triskele and an hourglass azure. There is CD for fieldlessness, but X.4.j.ii. does not apply to the change in type only of the tertiaries.
Conflict also with Yale University, Azure, an open book argent charged with Hebrew letters sable. There is one CD for the multiple differences (type, tincture, number) to the teriaries, but two CDs are required.

Gillian Elphinstone. Badge. [Fieldless] On a sun Or a shamrock sable.
Conflicts with: Kourost Bernard of the East Woods, Sable a sun eclipsed Or; Stefan of Seawood, Azure on a sun Or an eagle displayed sable; Elizabeth Siobhan of Wiltshire, Quarterly sable and vert on a mullet of eight points Or a natural pantheer sejant erect sable; and Seth the Seeker, Gules, on a compass star throughout Or a unicorn's head couped at the shoulders sable armed and crined gules. In each case, there is only the fieldless CD, as X.4.j.ii. (allowing a CD for the change to type only of tertiary charges) does not apply to charges upon a sun or multi-pointed mullet.

Maura Brighid of Darkwood. Device. Gules, on a sun argent a tree eradicated sable.
Conflict with Anthony the Sinister, On a mullet of ten points argent, a pheon sable; Loren Shadwydpere o'Moerlonde, Per chevron abased azure and argent, in chief on a sun argent, eclipsed sable, a pear argent; Fine of Clare, Per pale azure and gules, on a sun argent an estoile of eight rays sable; John Emeris of Ellenar, Sable, a mullet within a sun of wavy rays eclipsed argent; and Rathnar Blaiddgwyn, Sable, a wolf's head cabossed within a sun eclipsed argent. Each of these has a CD for the field, but because X.4.j.ii. does not apply to charges placed on a sun, there nothing for type only of tertiary charge. (Several of these conflicting armories also have quaternary charges, which do not count for difference). Conflict also with Conroy der Rote, Gules, on a sun argent, a falcon's leg couped a-la-quise proper, with only one CD for the multiple changes to the tertiaries; and conflict with Seth the Seeker, Gules, on a compass star throughout Or a unicorn's head couped at the shoulders sable, armed and crined gules, with only one CD for tincture of the primary and nothing for sun vs. compass star ("multiply-pointed mullet").

Meadhbh n¡c Fhaoiltighearna . Badge. Argent, a wolf statant contourny atop a chain and broken shackle sable.
Conflict with Harald de Sort Ulv af Danelaw, Argent, a wolf sejant to sinister sinister forepaw raised sable. As the chain and shackle here are clearly the equivalent of maintained charges (and because "dogs is dogs" in the same way that "swords is swords"), there is only one CD for changing the posture of the primary charge (to statant from sejant).

Morgana of Raglan. Badge. Or, a melusine proper crined gules.
Conflicts with: Donnan the Truehearted, Per pall inverted azure, vert, and argent, a mermaid in her vanity, facing and her tail flexed to sinister, proper; Fionaghal nan Eilean, Azure, a blackhaired mermaid embowed to sinister, drawing a bow and arrow, all proper; and Ondine Patru de Limantour, Azure, a mermaid proper, holding in both hands a scarf, striped longitudinally gules and purpure, arched over her head. In each case there is a CD for the field, since we grant no difference between regional depictions of the same charge. (Melusines are the Continental mermaid; the mermaid is the British version.) Conflict also with Pamela Hewitt the Harper, Or, a brunette mermaid contourny playing a harp proper, a bordure gules, with one CD for dropping the border.

Romana la Suertuda. Name only (see PENDS for device).
The byname was said to by Spanish for `the Lucky', but there was no documentation for it, and no one could support the formation. Nothing close has the same meaning, so we are returning the name for further work. Please inform her that the article was seldom used in Spanish adjectival bynames.

Taariq ibn Akmal. Device. Argent, a phoenix and on a chief gules three roundels argent.
Conflicts with Blodwen ferch Maigred, Argent a phoenix and on a chief gules a fire arrow reversed argent. There is only one CD, for the changes to the tertiary charges on the chief.

EAST

Aine Callaghan. Household badge for the Dabbler's Guild. Vairy purpure, semy of bees Or, and argent.
Conflict with Napoleon (badge), Azure, semy of bees Or (registered elsewhere in this LoAR). There is only one CD, for the change to the field. There were an ample number of commenters who felt that Napoleon's badge, cited in the LoI, was of sufficient importance to protect. As a consequence, we are adding it to the list of protected items here.

Damasus Aurelius Ptolemaeus Octavianus. Name.
If Damasus were one of the 36 known Roman pr‘nomina (e.g., Aulus, Gaius, Lucius, Sextus, Tiberius), this would be a classical Roman name. By the 3rd century the pr‘nomen was often dropped, but it does not seem to have been replaced; rather, this simply left the gentilicium (or nomen) at the head of the name. (In the chaos of late-empire naming it is certainly possible to find exceptions, i.e., names not headed by gentilicia, but the available examples are all names of just one or two elements.) Unfortunately, Damasus, of Greek origin, is apparently not a gentilicium. If any single element of this name were dropped, or if Damasus were moved to follow Aurelius, it would go at most one step beyond documented forms and (barring new evidence to the contrary) would be registerable. As it stands, it goes a bit too far beyond what has been documented for us to feel comfortable registering it.

Duncan Forbes. Badge. (Fieldless) On an escallop argent, a cross crescenty vert.
Conflict with Etain Winterbourne, On an escallop argent, a violet plant vert flowered purpure, since the plant is primarily vert (thus not allowing us a CD for change to type and tincture) and the escallop is not a charge which will allow application of X.4.j.ii. to grant a CD for the change to type only of the tertiary charge.

Elsa de Lyon. Device. Azure, a lion's jamb bendwise shackled and chained with a broken chain argent.
The jambe is neither palewise nor bendwise, but somewhere in between. As such, it's posture is unblazonable. If it were considered to be palewise, it would conflict with Fearghus O'Shannon, A tiger's jambe couped argent marked sable, with one CD for fielded vs. fieldless, but a visual check confirmed that Fearghus' jambe is basically argent with only a couple of narrow sable stripes.

Everard Martel. Device. Argent, on a fleur-de-lys sable another inverted argent, all within a bordure azure.
There are a couple of problems with this device, which together add up to its exceeding the informal "Rule of Two Weirdnesses" (an informal name given to the idea that, in most cases, the College can accept a design that has one break with the usual heraldic style. A device that has two violations of period heraldic style, or "two weirdnesses", is less likely to be registered). Charging a fleur-de-lys is difficult at best, because of the complex nature of the charge and the difficulty of acquiring sufficient space for a charge to be placed upon it. Indeed, here it is not the fleur which is so charged, it is only the top central "petal" of the fleur. As a consequence, we are left with the problem of devising a blazon which is both concise and yet describes accurately the arrangement of the charges.
The second is the inversion of the tertiary charge. Where, as here, a tertiary charge is the same as the primary charge on which it lies, the eye expects them to be in the same orientation. Where there is not a lot of difference, as with fleurs-de-lys, between the palewise version and the inverted one, this becomes even more confusing visually.
All in all, this just is not good period style.

Feng Amlethson. Name.
Both elements of the name are problematic. Feng is from Old Norse Fengr, one of the many aliases used by Odin in his dealings with mankind; no evidence has been presented to show that it was actually used by human beings. Amleth is the translator's rendering of Saxo's Amlethus, which represents Old Norse Amlóoumli (so that the actual Old Norse patronymic would have been Amlóoumlason). (Interestingly, this name, which is the original of Hamlet, came to mean `a fool, simpleton, imbecile; a weak person'.) However, Lind (Norsk-Islädska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn) marks the name as an alias, or assumed name, so it is not clear that this name was actually in everyday use, either. Amlóoumlason is a borderline case; possibly it could be justified as a patronymic formed from a byname, though evidence for such formation is fairly skimpy. Feng, however, is clearly not registerable without evidence of human use.

Jan Kees Dudel. Device. Per bend azure and argent, a crescent bendwise sinister transfixed by an arrow bendwise sinister inverted argent, and a bow bendwise sinister with an arrow nocked and drawn gules.
The device is visually confusing; the eye wants to see two bows and arrows. This sort of confusion in identifiability is counter to one of the basic purposes of heraldry, which is easy identifiability. Additionally, given the relative sizes of the charges and their visual weight, this falls afoul of the complexity limits of RfS VIII.1.a., containing as it does three different types of charge in a single charge group: bow, crescent, and arrows.

Mári ni Raghallaigh. Badge. Azure, semy of bees argent.
Conflict with Napoleon (registered elsewhere in this LoI), Azure, semy of bees Or, with one CD for the change to the tincture of the charges.

Owen ap Robert. Device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, a dragon passant Or, blindfolded gules.
Conflict with Percival de Toulouse, Per fess indented azure and gules, a wyvern passant Or, as cited in the LoI. There is a CD for the changes to the field, but wyverns and dragons are merely artistic variants of the same charge, just as mermaids and melusines are.

MIDDLE

Cynnabar, Shire of. Badge. [Fieldless] A winged lion-dragon erect per fess Or and vert.
Visual conflict with Dakyn le Puk of Meriden, Per bend sinister vert and Or, a sea-lion counterchanged. There is the fieldless CD, but a visual comparison of the two emblazons demonstrated the overwhelming visual resemblance of the charges, especially as the wings on the submitted monster were very small and in exactly the same place as the end of the fish's tail of Dakyn's monster.

Dianne Pensworth. Name.
Diane is the French form of Diana, a name occasionally found in England late in our period (and once in the 13th century). The double nn is apparently a modern innovation suggested by the name Anne; it is not evidenced in any of the available period citations, French or English, and is not supported by the Latin original. We would happily drop the extra n to register the name, but unfortunately the submitter does not allow any changes. (The name was submitted on the new Middle Kingdom form, which makes this the default option, and the submitter did not check any box. Pelican notes that in these circumstances it is impossible to determine whether the submitter actual forbade changes or merely overlooked the section on Permitted Changes.)

Kay of Triasterium. Name.
Triasterium is a constructed Latin place-name modelled on such attested names as Trimontium `[place of the] three mountains' and Tripontium `[place of the] three bridges'. The underlying noun is astˆr (genitive asteris), a masculine noun borrowed from the Greek; according to the Oxford Latin Dictionary it can signify either a plant (belonging to the genus Aster), a kind of Samian clay, or `star, destiny'. Its genitive plural is asterium, so Triasterium is grammatically of the same form as its models. Unfortunately, grammatical correctness is not a sufficient condition for registerability: a proposed place-name construction must also make sense as a place-name.
That a place would be named after three mountains or bridges is completely unsurprising; that a farm, manor, or other small community might be named after three prominent trees is also believable (and documentable, inasmuch as a Latin Tres Arbores is in record). We are not persuaded, however, that Triasterium `[place of the] three asters' is at all believable as a place-name, since we cannot envision the circumstances in which three flowers would be a landmark notable enough to give rise to one. Asterium `[place of the] asters' would be another matter; many places have been named for some plant that once grew there in profusion. But as one commenter suggested, Triasterium is as implausible a place-name as Three Daisies.
Knowing that the lady has been using the name (or a close variant) for some 20 years, we hesitate to make any but the most minor changes. We are, however, able to offer one possibility that might be acceptable to her. There are a few pairs of English place-names in which Latin descriptions have been added to existing place-names to differentiate the places. Two good examples are found in Dorset. The first is that of Toller Porcorum (Tolre Porcorum 1340) and Toller Fratrum (Tolre Fratrum 1340), on the river Toller (now the Hooke). The first is `Toller of the pigs'; the other, `Toller of the brethren', was owned by the Knights Hospitallers. Another example is Ryme Intrinseca `inner Ryme', whose suffix distinguished it from the former manor of Ryme Extrinseca `outer Ryme'. (Both examples can be found in A.D. Mills's Dictionary of English Place-Names.) Reaney & Wilson mention that the surname True may in some cases derive from one of the places in Devon named Tree, Trew, True, or Trow. These are evidently minor places, since they do not appear in any of the standard English place-name references. Consequently, it is not clear what their period spellings were. The first, at least, may be from the English noun tree, which can be found as tre and tree from the 13th century to the end of our period, or from Cornish tre `homestead'; in either case Tre should be a possible period spelling. Since there are apparently several of these places, the addition of a modifier would not be surprising; and Devon is next door to Dorset, where the examples already noted are found. Thus, Tre Asterium `Tre of the asters', though exceedingly hypothetical, is probably not quite beyond the bounds of reasonable possibility. (Note that in period the given name can probably be justified only as a masculine name (from a Welsh or Breton form of Latin Caius); Withycombe's wording strongly suggests that as a pet form of Katherine it is relatively recent. This is of course not a problem in this name.)

Kestrel Corsayre. Name.
While some names of birds can be found as personal names in some European languages, documented examples all existed as name elements since the earliest records of the languages in question. But the earliest instance of kestrel (in any form) in the OED is from the 15th C., and if the etymology suggested there is right, the word derives from French forms that are quite different. Thus, it did not exist when such personal names of this type were still being created. It might make an acceptable byname, though it is a bit late to be very convincing even in that r“le, but it cannot have been a given name in our period. We must therefore return the name for lack of a given name (required by RfS III.2.a (Personal Names)). Please inform the submitter that in period corsair meant chiefly a Barbary pirate, not a pirate in general.

Middle, Kingdom of the. Title for Jessant-de-lys Pursuivant.
As noted in last month's return of the title Ursine Pursuivant (Meridies), the few apparently adjectival period heraldic titles do not support the indiscriminate use of adjectives as heraldic titles; all of them name qualities of character or spirit and could reasonably serve as mottos. Jessant-de-lys is neither a plausible motto nor a description of character or spirit, nor is it the name of an heraldic charge; it therefore does not appear actually to follow the period models that it most nearly resembles. (There was also no submission form in the packet.)

Randwulf Widefarer. Household name for Haus Kaperschiff.
Kaperschiff is German for a ship used by privateers. Haus Kaperschiff is therefore analogous to House Warship, House Q-Ship, and House Trawler. Such names are too generic to be registered and in any case do not follow any of the usual period models for household names (e.g., names of Scottish clans, ruling dynasties, professional guilds, military units, inns). Ships' names are probably another reasonable model, so perhaps the submitter should simply name his Kaperschiff.

Thomas the Green. Device. Vert, a smith's hammer and on a chief argent a broad arrowhead between two loops of rope ends to chief crossed in saltire sable.
Withdrawn from consideration at the request of the submitter. This had been pended from the September Laurel meeting.

WEST

Tegen Meanbh. Device change. Per fess wavy sable and gules papellony argent, in chief three increscents argent. Conflict with SignýJóinnardótir, Per fess wavy sable and barry wavy argent and azure, in chief three increscents argent, registered last month, with only one CD for the field.

Walraven Van Nijmege . Name.
The submitter has used excellent sources for his documentation; unfortunately, 16th century orthography has played a dirty trick on him. The 1566 map on which he thought to read Nijmege actually has a tilde over the final e. This standard scribal abbreviation for an omitted n or m was still in common use in the 16th century, in print as in manuscript, and other place-names on the same map confirm its use here (e.g., Bate[n]borch, Campe[n], Lichte[n]foerde, Wachte[n]donck, Reckelichuse[n], Crane[n]borch). As a matter of long-standing tradition we do not register scribal abbreviations. We would have expanded the abbreviation and replaced Van with van in accordance with normal period practice so as to register the name as Walraven van Nijmegen, but he permits no changes whatsoever.
It is questionable whether the submitted form can be justified from the remaining documentation. The final n appears by about the year 1000; forms without it are recorded at least into the 12th century, but in Latin contexts. There is a gap in the documentation between c.1200 and the 16th century, but it appears that final n was established by the time the first part of the name became Nij-. It is possible that evidence can be found to justify Nijmege, but in the meantime we must regretfully return the name. If no such evidence can be found, Walraven de Numege would be an excellent 12th century version without final n, and Walraven van Numege would probably also be acceptable.
The accompanying armory was registered under the holding name Brian of the West.

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE APRIL 1996 LAUREL MEETING:

ATENVELDT

Owen Blacksheep. Device. Azure, on a cross nowy argent a ram statant sable.
The tincture of the cross had been dropped from the blazon in the LoI.

CALONTIR

Romana la Suertuda. Device. Argent, a fess vert between two mullets purpure and a decrescent azure. The LoI misblazoned the crescent as "argent".

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