LoAR

of the College of Arms
of the
Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

March 1996



THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR Anna de Chaalis. Name and device. Or, a seahorse contourny gules between flaunches pean.
The place-name was submitted as Châlis, but the available documentation has Chaalis and Chaâis. Since the use of the circumflex seems to be a post-period innovation in French, we have substituted the first of these forms. (The place is an abbey founded in 1136.)

Armand de Mortain. Name and device. Per pale azure and sable, three cups Or.

Aurelia of Maelienydd. Device. Vert, a semiminim between two pallets wavy argent.
This particular form of musical note was very well documented in the LoI as being late period.

Coinneach Caimbeul an Boghadair. Name and device. Per saltire vert and azure, in pale two owls Or and in fess two bears passant addorsed argent.
The occupational byname, intended to be "the archer", was submitted as an Boghdoir. In Irish Gaelic the noun is boghadór; in Scots Gaelic, boghadair. Since Caimbeul is a Scots Gaelic spelling, we have substituted the latter form.

Diana MacLachlan. Name.

Giuliana Benevoli. Badge. [Fieldless] A sun per pale gules and Or eclipsed counterchanged.

Guinevere Delamare. Name.

Gwenhevare of Dunnaskea. Device. Or, a bend raguly sable between an oak tree proper and a feather bendwise gules.

Gwyneth Audewyncle. Name.
By the time Gwyneth appeared, apparently in the 16th century, the spelling of the place-name seems to have stabilized in a form with Ald- in the first syllable; Audewyncle would have been a fossilized hereditary surname.

Iain MacDhugal Cameron of Ben Liath. Badge. [Fieldless] A card pique sable.

Jhone MacLachlan. Device. Or, an eagle rising wings elevated and addorsed per bend sinister gules and sable.

John of Thame. Name change from John of Myrtleholt and device. Per fess engrailed Or and azure, a pine tree eradicated proper and three bezants in fess.
He might like to know that the name of the town is apparently pronounced tame.

Leif Moonshadow Dalesonn. Name change from Leif Moonshadow Ironbearer.
Although the submitter allows minor changes, he would particularly like to keep the unusual spelling of sonn, which according to Harpy has been found as a rare variant in some 14th century Swedish records. The patronym itself appears to be Dali, whose usual genitive at that time is Dala. The ending of the genitive in this declension occasionally appears as -e in the late 14th century, and this change in general seems to be earlier than the change of declension that eventually produced the genitive Dales, so we have registered the patronymic as Dalesonn in an effort to minimize the odd features of the name.

Meri of the Bears. Device. Or masoned sable, a bear's head cabossed azure mounted on a wooden pole issuant from base proper.

Sebastian Neville. Name.

Summits, Crown Principality of the. Badge. [Fieldless] A chalice azure.

Thalia Woodhall. Device. Per bend wavy azure and vert, three bendlets wavy and in chief a harp argent.

ATLANTIA

Alasdair MacIain of Elderslie. Badge. [Fieldless] Two swords crossed in saltire sable surmounted by a domestic cat sejant affronty argent.

Cecily de Stafford. Name and device. Or, a swan naiant sable and on a chief azure three decrescents argent.

Elaine Gilbert. Device. Argent, a gillyflower purpure and a chief vert.

Eldred æfwald. Name.
Eldrydd is a Welsh spelling of some Old English name, probably Ealdred. Æfweald, on the other hand, is an Old English name in a normalized West Saxon spelling. In any context in which one of the names would have been modified to conform to Welsh habits of spelling and pronunciation, the other would also have been so modified. Thus, either Eldrydd must be restored to an Old English form, or Æfweald must be given a Welsh form. Much as we dislike modifying given names, we have chosen to do so here because we haven t enough examples of Welsh borrowings from Old English to be confident of producing a reasonable Welsh version of Æfweald. One attested form of Ealdred, and the one that seems closest to the submitted version, is Eldred, which is quite late; Æfwald is a reasonably compatible late Old English form of the byname.

Etienne de la Croix. Name and device. Per pale azure and Or, a latin cross fleury counterchanged and a chief vairy sable and argent.
The usual period form of the given name is Estienne; as Estienne de la croiz the name would be entirely authentic for Paris c.1300.

Gabrielle Finor. Name.

Gerlach Wiesengrund. Name change from Kiyama Akei and device. Sable, in fess two ram's heads couped close contourny and on a point pointed argent a rose azure.
Although Wiesengrund was documented as a Jewish ornamental surname (and hence post-period), it is also a reasonable constructed place-name. Brechenmacher shows a number of period surnames derived from place-names of the form Wiesen-X "meadow-X" and indicates that Grund ground, bottom is a common place-name. Finally, Bahlow contrasts Grundmann one who lives in a valley with Bergmann "mountain dweller", so Wiesengrund would be roughly equivalent to the period place-name Wiesental. His currently registered name is to be retained as an alternate persona name.

Hungar Hungere. Name and device. Per fess argent and sable, three two-tined eating forks in pile counterchanged.

Kestrelkeep, Canton of. Name only (see RETURNS for device).
The name, which was submitted as Kestrel s Keep, is improbable. Although the noun keep has been pushed back to 1327 (as kepe), it has not been found in any period English place-names, and kestrel, a 15th century borrowing from French, is rather late for the formation of a place-name. (The appearance of Hawk as a first element in such names is largely irrelevant: it appears either as the given name of someone associated with the place at an early date, or with a second element naming a natural topographical feature where hawks might reasonably be found, or as a corruption of a completely unrelated word. Kestrel was never a given name, and a keep is not a natural topographical feature.) In this case we were more than usually willing to give the name some benefit of the doubt, however, since in the submitted form it was registered to an earlier incarnation of the same branch.

Ormarr Raumsson. Name.

Rhiell Wystaneston. Name and device. Vert, a stag courant contourny and on a chief Or three fleurs-de-lys vert.
The given name would probably have been spelled Riell when the place-name was still Wystaneston.

Richard Tremayne. Name change from Richard ap Mordeyrn.

Sorcha de Glys. Name and device. Vert, in pale a sun Or between two crosses crosslet, between flaunches argent.

Taliesin d'Argonne. Device. Per fess azure and vert, in chief two rapiers inverted crossed in saltire argent and in base a dragon rampant to sinister Or maintaining a tower argent.

Zaccheo Alamanni. Name and device. Argent, on a chevron azure three escarbuncles of six points argent and in chief a simurgh close sable.
"Escarbuncles of six are also found in period arms, as well as pometty ends; such cases are explicitly blazoned." Pictorial Dictionary II, no. 265.

MERIDIES

Amanda Tatham. Name and device. Sable, on a saltire between four roses Or a cross formy sable.

Cailean mac Alasdair de Sincleir. Name and device. Quarterly gules and azure, a bend argent between two lions rampant Or.
The name was submitted as Cailean MacAlasdair A'Sinclair. Cailean MacAlasdair is an acceptable Scots Gaelic name, but Sinclair is English. Moreover, though it derives from one, Sinclair is not itself a place-name, and in any case the locative preposition a' (apparently from atte) has so far been documented only with topographic elements like brook. According to Woulfe (Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. de Sinclér) it became de Sinclér in Irish; we have extrapolated this usage to Scotland to register the name in a wholly Gaelic form that makes the submitter Cailean, son of Alasdair de Sincleir.

Conor MacPherson. Name.

Constanza Raffaella dall'Oriente. Name and device. Vert semy-de-lys, a Latin cross floretty Or.
The name was submitted as Constanza Raffiella di Oriente. Constanza is more Spanish than Italian, the usual Italian form being Costanza, but it seems likely that the n of Latin Constantia occasionally survived in (or was re-introduced into) period Italian naming. Raffiella is a variant of the common Italian Raffaella; since it is not supported by any documentation and significantly changes the pronunciation of the name, we have substituted the documented form. We have also corrected the grammar of the byname to give it the intended meaning "of the East".
Clear of Richard of Alsace, Vair, a Latin cross fleury Or. There is a CD for the tincture of the field and another for the addition of the strewn charges.

Cornelius Brangwyn. Device. Per fess gules and vert, in chief a Latin cross and in base three arrows fesswise in pale Or.

Donald Mac Neil. Name and device. Azure semy of mascles, a stag's head caboshed Or.

Éá mac Fálán. Name and device. Per chevron throughout sable and Or, two wolf's heads erased Or a winged wolf salient sable.
The patronymic was submitted as mac Fálá, with the patronym in the nominative case; we have changed it to the genitive case required by this construction. Versus Juliana FitzWilliam, Per chevron sable and Or, two unicorn's heads couped at the shoulder respectant and in saltire two arrows inverted counterchanged, X.2. applies to clear by substantial change to the type of all the charges. Versus Wulfstan Egweal, Per chevron sable and Or, two wolves combattant and a tower counterchanged, the same rule applies. Each of the charges has been substantially changed in type.

Godfrey of Huntington. Device change. Per pale Or and sable, a griffin counterchanged.
His currently registered device, Per pale or and sable, a griffin and in chief a label counterchanged, is retained as a badge.
Versus the seal of Edward III, A gryphon, according to Parker this was Edward's private seal; it does not appear to have been well known even in his own day. It does not appear to be at all on the same level of importance as the other non-SCA armory we protect.

Grace of Meridies. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per bend or and sable, an estoile and a crescent counterchanged.
Submitted with the name Sorcha mac Fálá.

Gwynneth wraig Rhys. Name.
The only period evidence available for the given name is the citation Gwineth ver Robert 1577 given by Morgan & Morgan, s.n. Gwynedd. However, they show that the surname Gwynedd occasionally appears with nn in the 16th century. The names are probably not related, but this orthographic variation still offers some support for the possibility that Gwynneth is an acceptable variant of the attested given name. The second element was submitted as gwreic, an older form of modern Welsh gwraig "wife". However, this form is much earlier than either the h in Rhys or the given name, so we have substituted the modern form. Finally, words describing relationships undergo lenition in Welsh personal names (e.g., merch lenites to ferch), so we have replaced gwraig by the lenited form wraig.

LázlóRósa. Name.
The name was submitted as Rósa Lázló which is a perfectly good Hungarian man's name: Hungarian usage puts the surname first. Since the submitter clearly states on her form that Lázlóis the surname, we have reversed the order of the elements to give her the woman s name that she intended.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Augmentation. [Fieldless] Three mullets one and two argent.
This is an augmentation of arms which the Crown of Meridies may grant to individuals it deems worthy. It's purpose is not the same as a fieldless badge; as an augmentation, it should always be displayed on a field by the recipients.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Companionate of the Kings Lancer.
In standard English the word companionate seems to exist only as an adjective (with several meanings). However, this use of the term in the sense of "a group of companions" is grandfathered to the Kingdom of Meridies by virtue of the order names Companionate of Bards, registered 4/80, and Order of the Companionate of the Bard, registered 8/87. Note that at least until very late in period the usual form of the possessive of king was kinges or kynges.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Companionate of the Meridian Queens Champion.
In standard English the word companionate seems to exist only as an adjective (with several meanings). However, this use of the term in the sense of a group of companions is grandfathered to the Kingdom of Meridies by virtue of the order names Companionate of Bards, registered 4/80, and Order of the Companionate of the Bard, registered 8/87. Note that at least until very late in period the usual form of the possessive of queen was queenes.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Companionate of the Meridian Kings Champion.
In standard English the word companionate seems to exist only as an adjective (with several meanings). However, this use of the term in the sense of a group of companions is grandfathered to the Kingdom of Meridies by virtue of the order names Companionate of Bards, registered 4/80, and Order of the Companionate of the Bard, registered 8/87. The use of Meridian as an adjective meaning "of Meridies" is also grandfathered to the kingdom, by virtue of the 8/87 registration of the Order of Meridian Majesty. Note that at least until very late in period the usual form of the possessive of king was kinges or kynges.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Companionate of the Queens Yeoman.
In standard English the word companionate seems to exist only as an adjective (with several meanings). However, this use of the term in the sense of "a group of companions" is grandfathered to the Kingdom of Meridies by virtue of the order names Companionate of Bards, registered 4/80, and Order of the Companionate of the Bard, registered 8/87. Note that at least until very late in period the usual form of the possessive of queen was queenes.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Cygnets Nest.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Guidon.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Sable Sword.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name change of order from Stella Rubra. Order of the Scarlet Star.
The name was submitted as Scarlet Star on the LoI, but the form had Order of the Scarlet Star.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Title for Gleann Abhann Pursuivant.
The title was submitted as Gleann Abhainn, intended to be "River Valley"; we have modified it slightly to put the second element into the genitive case, as is required in this construction. However, the Gaelic word for river and its inflections have changed greatly over time. An early form of the name would be Glenn Abae. A later but still mediæal form would be Glenn Abann, and there are various other possibilities as well. In modern Gaelic the name could be Gleann Aibhne, the normal Scots Gaelic form, or Gleann Abhann, which is primarily an Irish form. We have chosen to use the modern Irish form as being closest to what was submitted; any of the other forms would also be acceptable.

Ophelia Wortman. Device. Argent, a butterfly gules, on a chief checky sable and argent three mullets gules.

Patricia of Meridies. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Pean, a winged stag lodged reguardant wings elevated and addorsed argent.
Submitted with the name Jessimond of Emerichs Keep.

Peregrin the Lost. Name and device. Argent, in pale a sheaf of arrows inverted sable and a vol gules.
The given name was submitted as Peregren. However, it is from Latin peregrinus "foreign; a foreigner" and does not seem to occur as a given name with any vowel but i in the last syllable. (The header form Paragreen given by Reaney & Wilson s.n. Pilgrim is apparently a post-period phonetic respelling of the surname.) The byname is very unlikely: in the Middle Ages lost appears to have been a noun meaning "perdition, ruin, destruction".

Raven vom Swartewolt. Name and device. Per bend dovetailed vert and argent, an acorn inverted slipped and leaved Or and a raven sable.

Rixa Eriksdottir. Name.
The name Rixa seems to have been originally Polish, but it occurs at least thrice in the Swedish royal line in the 13th century. (In contemporary Polish records it appears as Rychs(z)a, among other forms.)

Sebastian LeFleur. Name and device. Per fess gules and argent, three tankards reversed in fess and a rose counterchanged.
The French noun fleur "flower" (from Latin florem) is feminine, and the standard French feminine definite article is la, so the surname is usually found as LaFleur. In the Picard dialect of Old French, however, while florem still became fleur, the feminine article was le. Picard forms like LeFleur have largely been supplanted by the corresponding Francien forms with La, but Picard LeFleche (from feminine flŠche "arrow") survives beside the more common LaFleche, and it seems likely that more forms of this type existed in period.

OUTLANDS

Alaric der Jaeger. Name.

Alaric the Fool. Badge. [Fieldless] A sun Or charged with a fool's cap per pale gules and vert.
Versus Regula Alicia la Placida, On a mullet of eight points Or another quarterly vert and gules, there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for the change to the change of type and half of the tincture of the tertiary charge. While each tertiary is half gules and half vert, the arrangement of the tinctures is such that half of each tincture has been reversed, which counts toward the necessary two changes for tertiary charges on a complex charge.

Aldyth Trefaldwyn. Name and device. Per fess rayonny purpure and Or, in chief a hare courant argent.

Allegra Beati. Name and device. Purpure, two lions passant counter-passant reguardant and on a chief Or three crosses crosslet fitchy purpure.

Allegra Beati. Badge. [Fieldless] On a door vert a candle argent flammant proper.

Andréde Chasseron. Device. Or, three piles in point gules, on a chief enarched azure a sword reversed Or.

Anne Mathiu. Device. Azure, a bend sinister between a decrescent moon argent and a sun in his splendor Or.

Aurelia d'Ouessant. Badge. [Fieldless] A rabbit statant vert bezanty.

Bjarki Gullbjornsson. Device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, on a bend sinister cotised Or three compass-stars palewise gules.

Brilliana de Montreau. Badge. [Fieldless] A fleur-de-lis purpure.
Concerning the potential conflict with the badge of James III of Scotland, A fleur-de-lys, it appears to be a very obscure badge; Woodward, p. 596, mentions only the thistle in connection with James III, and the badge is not found in any of the other common references. Without evidence that it is or was commonly associated with James III, it does not appear to be of importance anywhere near the other non-SCA armory we protect.

Caitlí níMhálle. Name.
The name was submitted as Caitlí níMhaíle on the LoI; we have corrected the placement of the diacritical mark in the patronymic.

Caoilte Caitchairn. Name and device. Per chevron gules and vert, a cat's face argent and a triskelion arrondy Or.
The byname, which is locative, was submitted as Caitcairn; we have added the aspiration of the second element normally found in such compounds. The late spelling Caoilte is a bit odd, since the name seems to have gone out of use after the 9th century; Cailte is an earlier form. The submitter, who is female, had hoped that someone could find a feminine form of the name. We were unable to do so, but perhaps she would be interested in Caoiltighearn (earlier Cáltigern), which is feminine; it is pronounced approximately "KEEL-tyee-arn".
Ceindrych Costaine. Device. Per chevron vert and gules, a chevron Or between three sinister wings inverted argent.

Christof Gately. Badge. [Fieldless] Two spears in saltire Or surmounted by a serpent in annulo with a head at either end argent.

Connor Graham. Name.

Duncan MacKinnon. Name.

Eleanor of Gryphonscrag. Name.
The submitter is entitled to the rather problematical locative by virtue of its prior registration to her mother, whose holding name Joan of Gryphonscrag was registered 1/85.

Gabrielle Cartier. Device. Or, a natural rainbow proper clouded sable, a chief indented pean.

Gary of the Outlands. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name and device). Per chevron azure mullety Or and argent, in base a wyvern sable.
Submitted with the name Gareth de Bailli.

Genevieve ny Talheigh. Name.
The name was submitted as Genevieve níThaithligh, which uses different orthographic systems for the given name and the patronymic in a manner inconsistent with documented period practice. In order to preserve the given name as submitted (and because we ve not the slightest idea how to Gaelicize it in any case!), we have substituted a phonetic Anglicization of the patronymic in a style consistent with documentary practice c.1600.

Gerard de Saint Michel. Name change from Gerard of Grey Niche.

Grace Childes. Name.
The name was originally submitted as Grace of Childes; it was changed at kingdom from Grace of Childes owing to inadequate evidence for Childes as a possible place-name. A case for the singular form could certainly be made. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Child) derives the bynames of Peter de la Child 1262 and Richard Attechilde 1267 from Old English celde "spring", and the same element appears in the modern place-names Bapchild (from Baccancelde c.700 "Bacca's spring") and Honeychild (Hunechild c.1150 "Huna's spring"). A minor place-name Child(e) is therefore not out of the question, and the name would be acceptable as Grace of Childe. One might try to justify of Childes from the fact that another Old English word with a similar meaning, namely well(a) "a well, spring, or stream", appears in the plural in the place-name Wells-next-the-Sea (Wellis 1291). Obviously a name based on the plural of celde would be a parallel construction and would justify the desired locative. Unfortunately, celde was a feminine noun with Old English plural celdan, leading most probably to Middle English Chelden or Childen rather than to Childes. In contrast, one of the variants of well(a) was declined as a strong masculine noun, with plural welles; this is presumably the source of the modern plural. We can therefore support either of Child(e) or of Childen, but not of Childes.
Another source of the modern surname Child and its variants is the Old English byname cild and its Middle English reflex child "child; young nobleman". Childes is the genitive (possessive) case of the latter and is therefore probably a patronymic based on a byname; as such it will not occur with the preposition of. This same element can also occur in place-names, but only as a modifier, as in Childeston "steading of the young man" (Ekwall, s.n. Chilson). Of all of the acceptable forms, Grace Childes seems to be the one that best preserves the submitted spelling, which the submitter has indicated is the element most important to her.

Helena Gabrielle the Fortunate. Name change from Helena the Fortunate.

Hrothger Monomakh. Device. Per saltire gules and sable, a stag lodged within a bordure engrailed Or.

Lore MacKay. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and argent, a sword inverted bendwise sinister and a quill pen issuant from an ink pot counterchanged.

Mark de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte. Device. Azure, three chevronels braced, in chief four fleurs-de-lis, in base a mullet, all argent.

Octavia Marcella. Name.
The name was submitted as Octavia Marcellus with a request for grammar corrections, so we have substituted the feminine form of the cognomen to follow normal Latin usage. Women s names of this type were common in the Roman Empire from the first century onward.

Otto von Bern. Name.

Outlands, Kingdom of. Badge for the Ministry of the Lists. Vert, a sword inverted and a quill pen crossed in saltire argent within a bordure embattled vert.

Rivka Vladimirovna Rivkina. Name.

Rosaline Gunn. Name and device. Per bend rayonny Or and gules, a rose and an angel counterchanged.
Rosaline is justifiable as a later form of Ros(c)elina, a Romance borrowing of a Continental Germanic name.

Sarolta of Sarkel. Device. Argent vet– ployéazure, a flame proper, in chief two step-cut gemstones fesswise argent.

Stepan Hora. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, an hourglass and a mountain of three peaks counterchanged.

Thorfinnr inn vegsvinni Ingason. Name only (see RETURNS for device).
The name was submitted as þrfinnr Ingason inn Vegsvinn on the LoI; but while we'd be happy to register the þ his form had Thorfinnr. The byname, Vegsvinn, is taken from a gloss in a 1906 translation of the Eddas. It apparently comes from the Grínímá in the Elder Edda, where it is applied to a river. It is a compound of veg "way, road" and svinnr, which originally meant "swift", and there is a good possibility that "way-swift" was the intended sense. However, in the extant literature the original meaning of svinnr has been almost wholly superseded by the metaphorical sense "wise", and indeed the 1906 translator glosses the compound "road-knowing". At any rate, vegsvinnr is probably an acceptable substitute for the better-attested vegvís "way-wise, acquainted with the road". As an adjective it follows the weak declension after the definite article, so the correct form is inn vegsvinni. His form suggests that he intends it to refer to himself, not to his father, so we have moved it into its proper position before the patronymic. (If it was intended to refer to his father, the correct construction is Thorfinnr Ingason ins vegsvinna.)

Wendy of the Outlands>. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a cat sejant to sinister argent between three crescents Or.
Submitted with the name Aurnia Quillenane.

Wulfric Gylðr. Name and device. Argent, a sea-wolf ululant gules between three crosses formy fitchy all within a bordure sable.
The combination of Old English and Old Norse can probably be justified for the Danelaw, though the available evidence suggests that such spellings as Ulfric and Wlfric (probably representing Old Swedish or Old Danish Ulfrik) were the norm.

Wulfric Gylðr. Badge. [Fieldless] A wolf's head ululant gules.

WEST

Adriana FitzWilliam. Change from holding name Adriana nic Aíe.

Antoinette Conil. Name and device. Azure, on a pale between two carrots Or, a rabbit rampant azure.
The name was submitted as Antoinette Lapiné which is perfectly acceptable. However, the submitter requests corrections and indicates that the meaning, which she gives as Toni the Rabbit, is for her the most important element of the name. Unfortunately, Dauzat is fairly sure that the name derives not from lapin "rabbit", a word that did not appear until the 15th century, but from La Piné, the name of a number of hamlets. When French surnames were coming into being, the word for "coney, rabbit" was con(n)il (or in some dialects con(n)in); both forms have survived as surnames, as has Old French (le) lievre "hare". With some trepidation we have taken the submitter at her word and changed the name to make her indeed "Toni the Rabbit". Since this markedly changes both the sound and the appearance of the name, we will substitute the submitted form (Antoinette Lapiné without charge if she requests such a change within a year.

Decion ap Dyfrwr Trefriw. Release of name and device. Per pale vert and argent, a stag rampant counterchanged, attired and unguled sable, within a bordure wavy counterchanged, to be released.

Elspeth Ainslee Goldheart. Name and device. Or, a cross moline disjoined gules, on a chief sable three roses Or.
The name Goldheart, though unattested, might perhaps be justified as a late-period misunderstanding of a Middle English Goldhert "golden hart". For that matter, it is possible that the "heart of gold" metaphor is old enough to have produced a nickname that could have become hereditary. At any rate these possibilities would justify registering Elspeth Goldheart, and Elspeth Ainslee would of course be fine. We are unable to find any period model for the construction of this name; the closest parallels seem to be (partly) Latin records like Cunradus Glende dictus Bosewirt and the undated examples of To-names given by Black (p. xxxi), e.g., John Thomason, Souples. Although this last example is probably from the 19th century, Black s discussion suggests that similar usages may go back to the 16th century. We are therefore giving this name the benefit of the doubt as a shortened form of Elspeth Ainslee called Goldheart or the like.
Very pretty device!

Elspeth of Oakwood Court. Device. Argent, a bat-winged cat courant sable between three oak leaves vert.

Etienne Perdreau. Name and device. Azure, a peacock in his pride, in chief a pair of rapiers crossed at the tips argent.
The name, which was originally submitted as Etienne de Perdreaux with the intended meaning "Steve of Partridge" was changed at kingdom to the more documentable form Etienne Perdriaux. Since perdreaux is the plural of perdreau "young partridge", and he says that the meaning is more important than the spelling, we have replaced the dialect form Perdriaux by the standard Perdreau.

Morberie of Tor Denly. Badge change. Azure, two winged foxes combattant argent and in base a sprig of three aspen leaves Or.
Her currently registered badge, Argent a card-pique inverted within a bordure azure, is released.

Muirne níChathán. Name.

Wander Riordan. Badge. [Fieldless] A gillyflower argent.

William MacNaught. Device. Argent, a chevron between three crosses crosslet fitchy each held by a clenched hand fesswise azure.

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK: AN TIR

Bridget Killeen. Name.
Killeen is probably a post-period Anglicization of Irish óCillí, O Killine being rather more likely even in the 16th century. Nevertheless, the name is registerable in the submitted form. (Pelican has a number of instances of English use of Bridget as a baptismal name in the 16th century.) The only real question is whether it conflicts with Brighid NíChillí, registered 3/94, of which it is an Anglicization, and that question proved to be the headache of the month. As RfS V.1.b (Conflict of Personal Names) is written, these names conflict unless either Bridget differs significantly from Brighid, or Killeen differs significantly from NíChillí. In each case the names will be considered significantly different only if they differ significantly in sound and appearance. In the case of the patronymic, the particle Níis ignored in the comparison. Even without it, Killeen and Chillí look significantly different. The difference in pronunciation, however, which is mostly the difference between the sounds of k and kh, is too small to be considered significant. The bynames, therefore, are not sufficiently different to avoid conflict. The situation in respect of the given names is quite different: they do differ significantly in sound. Irish Brighid is pronounced roughly "breed"; a slightly earlier pronunciation would more resemble "bree-yid". Both pronunciations are clearly quite different from the usual English pronunciation of Bridget. It is less clear how much the names differ in appearance, and unfortunately commentary dealt only with the issue of sound. People tend to look first at the beginnings of words, so that privet and pricks are likely to be perceived as more similar than pricks and trucks. Moreover, the fact that the kinship between these names is widely recognized also tends to increase the perceived visual similarity. After much consideration we have therefore reluctantly decided that Brighid and Bridget are not significantly different in appearance and in consequence are forced to conclude that the submitted name does conflict with the Irish version already registered. In some ways this is a regrettable decision even apart from the question of whether the concept of name conflict is a reasonable one. If the names were considered as wholes, rather than by elements, there would be no conflict, since the names themselves do differ significantly in sound and appearance. On the other hand, one of the considerations that went into the present version of RfS V (Name Conflict) was that names that were interchangeable in period probably ought to conflict. (For an example see RfS 1.a.ii(b) (Locative Bynames).) Since Bridget Killeen and Brighid NíChillí could indeed have signified the same person very late in our period, it is at least consistent with other parts of the rules to say that they conflict.

ATLANTIA

Kestrelkeep, Canton of. Device. Argent, a brown eagle's head erased proper within a laurel wreath and on a chief vert three towers argent.
Laurel wreaths are by their very nature nearly circular in form. The "wreath" here is little more than two sprigs crossed in saltire, and such have been cause for return ere this. As an aside, it should be noted the spiky feathers of the bird's head makes it an eagle's head, which loses the cant we feel certain they are trying for. This is being returned for redrawing of the laurel wreath (and of the bird's head if they wish to retain the cant).

MERIDIES

Jessimond of Emerichs Keep. Name.
According to Withycombe, Jesmond was a common name in North Lancashire in the 16th - 18th centuries, and she adds that Jessimond is a variant of that name. She doesn t say when it is found, but we d be willing to give it the benefit of the doubt as a late-period name if it were the only oddity here. Emerich is either German, in which case it is wholly out of place in this name, or an unattested spelling of a name usually found in English records as Emeric(us) or Emery. A Middle English Emericeskepe might possibly have become Emerickeskeep by the end of our period; Emericheskeep would be a bit harder to justify. However, no example of keep in a period English place-name is known. Finally, the submitter wants her name to match her husband s, and his submission, Tobias, son of Emerich, was returned on the 12/95 LoAR so that he could choose one of the many period ways of expressing the intended idea. The present submission teeters right on the edge of registerability, going beyond the strictly documentable twice over, though in ways that are not wholly indefensible; given the submitter's expressed desire, we prefer to return it so that they can take counsel together. (If, for example, he chooses to be Tobias filius Emerici, she might prefer the Latin form Ismenia de Castro Emerici.)
The accompanying armory was registered under the holding name Patricia of Meridies.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Ascending Swan.
The earliest date given by the OED for the word ascending is 1482 for the verbal substantive (the act of rising); the earliest adjectival citation is for the sense of sloping up; acclivitous and is out of period, being from 1616; and the earliest citation for the desired meaning is from 1667. Only this last is directly relevant to the present submission, and it is beyond even the Grey Area. Rising, dated to 1610 in the desired sense, would be acceptable.

Roland Wortman. Device. Checky argent and sable, a double-headed eagle displayed Or maintaining in each talon a sword argent surmounting a wing, in chief three mullets gules.
The poor contrast of the swords with both the wings they overlie and with the field creates a serious identifiability problem here. As Palimpsest noted: "While it is well established that maintained charges need not have as good contrast as major charges, here they are visually tertiary charges in a particularly unfortunate tincture combination. Additionally a portion of each sword which extends over the edge of the wings is on an argent check, having zero contrast."

Sorcha mac Fálá. Name.
Sorcha is feminine and cannot be Fálá s son; as his daughter she would (with necessary grammatical changes) be Sorcha ingen Fhálán (using early spellings) or Sorcha inghean (or ní Fhaolán (using modern spellings). However, the name conflicts with Sorcha níFhaolain, registered 6/90.
The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Grace of Meridies.

OUTLANDS

Æric Kyrri. Device. Argent, on a cross cotised azure a compass-star elongated to base Or, a bordure embattled azure.
Conflict with Garth of Windhaven, Argent, on a cross cotised azure a heart Or pierced by a sword inverted proper. There is a CD for the addition of the bordure, but as this is not a "simple" device per X.4.j.ii, the change to type only of the tertiary charge does not apply. A visual check showed that the heart and sword combination appears as a visual unit, not as two charges, so we cannot grant a CD for change to type and number of the tertiaries.

Alexandria Morgan. Device. Purpure, on a pale endorsed argent an iris purpure slipped and leaved vert.
Conflict with Luerann Damask, Purpure, on a pale endorsed argent three roses azure, barbed and seeded proper. There is only one CD, for the multiple changes to the tertiary charges.

Amice Fayel. Device. Per chevron throughout ployégules and argent, two lilies and a Fidelis knot counterchanged.
The Fidelis knot, as an SCA invention with only two registrations to date (the 1980 defining instance and a 1993 registration), is not sufficiently well-known or defined (outside of the Pictorial Dictionary) to retain as a registrable charge, nor does there appear to be sufficient interest to continue to register it in the future.

Aurnia Quillenane. Name.
Since there was no form in the packet, we must return the name. Note that it is unusual in period to find Irish patronymics without the appropriate particle; Aurnia O Quillenane or Aurnia ny Quillenane would accord better with the limited evidence available. The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Wendy of the Outlands.

Eudoxia d'Antioche. Badge. [Fieldless] An owl's head jessant-de-lis argent.
A number of commenters had concerns about the identifiability of the head here. Some believed that it was indistinguishable from a leopard's head jessant-de-lis, and thus returnable under RfS VII.7.a. The fact that the head and the fleur were of the same tincture does tend to confuse the identity of each and thus to make the identifiability of the combination problematical. There was also some concern that we here we are getting too far from period practice. (Period practice being leopard's head jessant-de-lys; one step from period practice being other beast's heads; and two steps from period practice being other types of heads, including birds' heads.) Given that we have in recent years a number of different types of heads (including humanoid) jessant of items other than a fleur-de-lis (including a complex cross), Laurel does not feel that this submission is so far from SCA practice as warrant a return on that ground.

Gareth de Bailli. Name and device. Azure mullety, a Saxon "feogh" rune between two bars Or.
Although the name appeared as Gareth de Bailli on the LoI, his form has Gareth de Bailli, and he has explicitly disallowed any changes to the name, however minor. Since the apostrophe can t be supported in either English or French, we are obliged to return the name. Even as Gareth de Bailli the name is a bit odd: the earliest attested non-literary use of Gareth is from 1593, some two centuries later than the use of the preposition and the final -i of Bailli. The mullets on the device are not truly strewn, but neither are they in orle or in annulo. Because their position on the field cannot be blazoned, we are forced to return this for redrawing. The accompanying badge was registered under the holding name Gary of the Outlands.
Madigan of Kandahar. Device. Gules, on a fess rayonny argent a mascle knot sable.
The mascle knot is an SCA invention, with only two registrations, and is unattested anywhere else. As such, it is not sufficiently well-known or defined (outside of the Pictorial Dictionary) to retain as a registrable charge, nor does there appear to be sufficient interest to continue to register it in the future.

Rhys Afalwin. Badge. [Fieldless] A cider press sable.
The emblazon of the "cider press" here does not match the defined examples registered previously, nor could a drawing be found of the press outside the SCA. As a consequence, the charge here is unidentifiable without recourse to the blazon, and disallowed by RfS VII.7.a.

Theodora Tedaldi. Device. Per bend azure and argent, a decrescent argent and a brunette woman's head and shoulders proper vested azure.
The woman's head and shoulders are primarily metal on metal, which creates a disallowable contrast problem against the argent field. "Since human flesh [proper] is a `light' tincture, it has insufficient contrast with the argent field." (Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane, LoAR 25 January 1987, p. 19) See RfS VIII.2., Armorial Contrast.

Thorfinnr inn vegsvinni Ingason. Device. Per chevron throughout azure and argent, two clouds argent and a bird migrant sable.
Conflict with Brigid of Skye, Per chevron azure and argent, three clouds counterchanged, with only one CD for the changes to the bottommost of three charges two and one.

WEST

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