ANSTEORRA

Malik 'Abd al­Rahman. Name and device. Argent, on a bend sinister azure between two camels passant sable blanketed azure three decrescents argent.

This was pended from the April 1997 LoAR for more information as to whether the name was presumptuous. While Malik (in the original Arabic) is a documented name, one of the transliterations of the Arabic word for king is transliterated in the same way. To answer this question, we quote al­Jamal:

". . .the grammar of Arabic would keep the name Malik `Abd al­Rahman from being considered a claim to being an `Abd al­Rahman who was a king. A "King `Abd al­Rahman" would be al­Malik `Abd al­Rahman; the king `Abd al­Rahman. The non­use of the article here takes the name out of the realm of presumption. (Even addressing the king directly would use the article: not Ya malik ("oh, king"), but Ya al­Malik (the effective equivalent of "your Majesty"). Only when speaking of kings generally or impersonally would one drop the definite article.) All of the Arabic alternate titles work this way. For example, in the SCA I am not Shayk Da'ud or Mu'allim Da'ud. The proper usage is ash­Shayk Da'ud or al­Mu'allim Da'ud. Ansteorra's current king is not Sultan (or Malik) `Abd al­Mahdi, he is as­Sultan (or al­Malik) `Abd al­Mahdi.

Having received assurance that the name is not presumptuous, we see no reason not to register it.

AN TIR

David of Moffat. Device change. Vert, a cross crosslet argent quarter pierced gules and on a chief engrailed argent three hunting horns vert stringed gules.

This was originally submitted in December 1996 as Vert, a cross crosslet argent quarter pierced gules and on a chief engrailed argent three hunting horns reversed vert stringed gules., and pended to allow for further discussion of the issues involved. David's device change is an attempt to register his mundane arms in the SCA under the provisions of III.A.9 Name or Armory Used by the Submitter Outside the Society - "No name or device will be registered to a submitter if it is identical to a name or device used by the submitter for purposes of identification outside of a Society context. This includes legal names, common use names, armory, trademarks and other items registered with mundane authorities that serve to identify an individual or group. This restriction is intended to help preserve a distinction between a submitter's identity within the Society and his or her identity outside of the Society. A small change is sufficient for registration. For example, Alan Miller could not register the name Alan Miller but he could register the name Alan the Miller. Similarly, armory must also have some small difference in final blazon to be registered. Any change that causes a blazonable difference between mundane and Society arms is sufficient to allow registration by Laurel. Further, a submitter may register a close variation of his name or his arms but not both. of the administrative handbook." The problem was that the administrative handbook says that to register your mundane arms in the SCA, there must be a "blazonable difference" between the two sets of arms. While the two earlier attempts had the horns on the chief going in opposite directions, as well as the way the cross was blazoned, this submission differed from his mundane arms only by the way the cross is blazoned; in his mundane arms quarter pierced, and in his proposed SCA arms square pierced. The issue hinged on whether or not there is a blazonable difference between a cross square pierced and one quarter pierced.

This issue prompted much discussion in the college as to whether there was a blazonable difference between the two coats, and we were going to reluctantly decide that there was not. However, David has agreed to allow us to register this with the hunting horns in their default position, which is the reverse of what they are on his mundane coat. While normally this would have to go out to the College on yet another letter of intent, since we give no difference for the direction of a hunting horn so that anything that conflicted with the submitted coat would conflict with this, because we are reluctant to make David resubmit once again, and because this now complies with the strictures of the administrative handbook, we are registering this to David in the above form. His former device Vert, a cross crosslet argent quarter pierced gules and on a chief dovetailed argent three hunting horns reversed vert stringed gules., is hereby released.

ATENVELDT

Shamus Sinclair. Device. Per chevron gules and Or, two doves volant respectant wings addorsed argent and a triple­towered castle vert.

This was pended from the February 1997 LoAR for further research since the LoI gave an incorrect blazon.

ATLANTIA

Aengus Stiubhard. Name.

Angharad of Bright Hills. Name.

Anna Mackenzie. Device. Lozengy argent and purpure, on a chevron Or, three goblets purpure.

Beatrice La Grave. Name and device. Argent, a rose and on a chief dovetailed sable four crosses crosslet argent.

Bright Hills, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) A mountain of three peaks couped sable charged with a moon in her plentitude argent.

Ceridwen of Moray. Name.

Cristiana of Loch Salaan. Name.

Dafydd ap Taliesin. Name and device. Azure, three winged boars courant argent winged Or.

Submitted as Dafydd ap Taliesen on the letter of intent, the correct spelling of the byname is Taliesin. We have corrected the spelling of the byname.

Manus MacDay. Device. Per chevron azure and vert, on a chevron wavy argent, an estoille gules.

Margerite von Buchholtz. Device. Per pale sable and gules, a unicorn rampant contourny argent between three daisies proper.

Maximilian Alois von Brandenberg. Device. Sable, a lion rampant and a bordure embattled Or ermined gules.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the bordure wider.

Patrick Ravensclaw. Device. Per pale Or and gules, a raven close sable between three roundels counterchanged.

Pavla Dmitrovna. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Peter Shove. Name and device. Or, a popinjay rising contourney wings displayed within an orle vert.

Robert of Sacred Stone. Badge. (Fieldless) A portcullis argent.

This is clear of the Beaufort badge which the Tudors inherited through Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII, and the badge of Portcullis Pursuivant, since research shows that for these badges, the portcullises are Or, not argent.

Saint Johns Marsh, College of. Name and device. Or, a portcullis sable enflammed gules, on a chief sable, three laurel wreaths Or.

Submitted as Saint John's Marsh, College of, we have removed the inappropriate apostrophe.

Shane Patrick. Name and device. Vert, a wyvern displayed argent charged with a quatrefoil slipped vert a bordure argent.

Originally submitted as Shawn Patrick, it was changed in kingdom to Sean Patrick. However, this mixes Gaelic and English orthography in the same name. We have Anglicized Sean to Shane, which also brings it closer to what was originally submitted.

Sigrid Briansdottir. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Sigrid Bríánsdóttir, it was incorrectly put into the genitive. We have corrected this.

Tamsin Barker. Device. Sable, on a bend argent, between two lions rampant Or, three Lacy knots palewise purpure.

Valentine Ravenwood. Name.

Wolfgang Schwarzwald. Name.

CAID

Adachi Sadashige. Name.

Alexandra Wylson of Inverness Wood. Name and device. Argent, a lion passant and a chief embattled azure.

Altavia, Barony of. Order name for Order of the Starre and the Stone.

Bethia Fionnsgoth Makillnae. Name.

Cáelfind ben Uí Chonfraích. Device. Per chevron inverted vert and Or, a mullet of four points and two crescents counterchanged.

Carnmore, Canton of. Name.

Christina Rolandsdottir. Name.

Collegium Sancti Geronimi. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, four laurel wreaths counterchanged.

Very nice armory!

Crispin Lodewyk. Name.

Éile inghean a' ghobhainn. Name.

Elizabeth Annora Dernelof. Change of device. Azure, on a bend sinister between two stags lodged argent, three estoiles azure.

Her former device Azure, on a bend sinister between two compass roses argent three estoiles azure., is hereby released.

Elizabeth Canynges the Ravenhaired. Device. Per pale rayonny gules and Or, a mullet Or and a natural panther sejant sable.

Eridana Ambra Dragotta. Badge. (Fieldless) On a chevron inverted couped gules, five bells Or.

Grainne ingen Lasrach. Name and device. Argent, two comets inverted gules, on a chief sable three estoiles argent.

Submitted as Grainne ingen Lassar, the genitive was incorrectly formed. We have corrected this.

Grímr Hálfdanarson. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Hydyr ferch Caradoc. Name change from Hydyr ferch Caradoc Llanfairynghornwy.

Her former name Hydyr ferch Caradoc Llanfairynghornwy is to be retained as an alternate name.

Juliana of Aschurst. Name and device. Per chevron azure and argent, three Latin crosses flory Or and an ash sprig vert.

Niamh inghean Bheoaodha uí Chriomhthainn. Name and device. Vert, a bend sinister wavy Or between a mullet and a fox sejant argent.

Submitted as Niamh inghean Bhéoádh uí Chriomthann, the name was incorrectly put into the genitive. We have corrected this.

Nicolete de Brabant. Device. Argent, a turtle tergiant azure a bordure sable.

Nigel Williamssone. Name and device. Or, a panther rampant guardant sable spotted Or, incensed, a bordure azure.

Ricard of Starhaven. Name and device. Or, two dragons combattant gules in chief a mullet of seven points voided and interlaced sable.

Thecla Doria of Andritsaena. Badge. Lozengy gules and argent, a gauntlet aversant issuant from dexter base sustaining a printer's ball inverted sable.

Theobald Oneglove. Name and device. Argent, a chevron azure between three crosses formy gules and a hand apaumy sable.

Tuvor Sabledrake. Badge. (Fieldless) A brace of three chevronels couped per pale Or and sable.

Umm Sulaiman Safia al­Bakhtariyya. Name and device. Gules, in cross an increscent between four butterflies, heads to center Or.

Submitted as Safia Umm Sulaiman Bakhtar, it was incorrectly constructed according to Arabic name usage. Umm Sulaiman is a kunya, or honorific, a type of element that is used as the first element of an Arabic name. An Arabic name could reasonably begin Umm Sulaiman Safia. However, elements following the ism, Safia, would normally be bynames with the definite article. In Dodge The Fihirst of al­Nadim (969) there is Abu al­Bakhtari Wahb ibn Wahb `Wahb the father of the Bakhtari, the son of Wahb'. The byname al­Bakhtari could be a locative (cf. al­Baghdadi). Therefore we have Umm Sulaiman Safia al­Bakhtariyya, using the feminine form of the locative. Note: the grandfather clause would allow her to register Safia Baktar, but the addition of the Umm Sulianman required a more authentic Arabic structure.

CALONTIR

Ceridwen Eurgledde ferch Owain. Name.

Submitted as Ceridwen o'r Eurgledde ferch Owain, the element o'r isn't a preposition; it's a contraction of the preposition o and the definite article, yr. However, it appears on p. 26 of Harpy's (Heather Rose Jones) Compleat Anachronist only in the context of topographical locative bynames with generic nouns, e.g., o'r glyn `of the valley'. Eurgledde `golden sword' is a completely different sort of byname, the type discussed on p. 27 under the heading Descriptive Bynames. Therefore, we have deleted the unnecessary element.

Clara de Kirkpatric. Device. Gules, a bend sinister between three roses argent and a knot of four loops and tassels Or.

Conamail Ó Laochdha. Device. Argent, on a bend vert between two ravens sable three billets argent.

Emma of Abingdon. Name.

Jovan Greyhawk. Badge. Per pale azure and gules, an anchor argent.

Ossán mac Ruaidrí. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, a chevron throughout between three swans naiant contourny counterchanged.

Submitted as Ossán Áirdín Mac Ruaidhri, to the best of our knowledge, the Gaelic­speaking cultures do not seem to have used double given names. We have corrected the spelling of the patronymic as well.

Penelope Bonmatin. Name and device. Azure, three roundels and a demi­sun issuant from base Or.

Randal Lee. Name and device. Per chevron azure and argent goutty de sang, in chief a Latin cross argent.

Riona Gillian McAllister. Device. Argent, on a fess between three martlets vert an elephant statant argent a bordure vert estencely argent.

Robert McRobbie. Name and device. Vert goutty d'eau, a turtle Or.

Sabina Wyntyr. Name.

Takahara Otoshi. Name and device. Sable, five roundels in annulo within four lathes fretted as on a mascle Or.

While blazoned on the LoI as a Japanese well­frame, the SCA uses European blazonry terms and we have reblazoned this accordingly.

DRACHENWALD

Alexios Macedon. Name and device. Per pale azure and gules, a chevron between three suns Or.

Drachenwald, Kingdom of. Badge. Or, a cross quarterly sable and gules.

Elizabeth Hollingsworth. Device. Per bend sinister vert and ermine, a sea­lion erect and in canton a trefoil argent.

Helena van Aemstelredamme. Name.

Michelle of Polderslot. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale embattled sable and Or, a whelk shell Or and a bow, string to dexter, gules.

The armory was submitted under the name Sadafa bint As­Sabiil.

Reinald van Milant. Name change from Gareth O'Conall.

His former name Gareth O'Conall is hereby released.

EAST

Anne of Framlingham. Badge. (Fieldless) A key inverted sable.

Boaz of Zarthan. Name and device. Per fess sable and argent, a keythong rampant contourny counterchanged.

Brian of Quin. Device. Or, a lion maintaining a sword sable a bordure sable semy of lozenges Or.

Caitlin O hAodha. Badge. Quarterly gules and argent, a tankard sable.

Catherine of Rivenwald. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and gules, a bend sinister between a demi­sun issuant from dexter chief and a sprig argent.

Dulcia Sabine. Device. Per bend azure and argent, a bear sejant erect and a drawn bow and arrow bendwise reversed counterchanged.

Eibhlín ní Chaoimh. Device. Per pale azure and Or, two wyverns statant respectant conjoined at the breast counterchanged, on a chief argent three fleurs­de­lys azure.

Elene of Lochcarron. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Isard Farman. Name.

Kai Maclane. Name and device. Per chevron argent and sable, two broadarrows inverted and a wolf sejant contourny a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Khioniya Nikolaevna Ryseva. Device. Argent, on a bend between six crescents purpure, a cat dormant argent.

Marek Miskiewicz. Name.

Nicholas of Rivenwald. Name and device. Azure, a tree eradicated and on a chief argent four lightning bolts palewise sable.

Otelia of Thescore. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, on a chevron vert three fleurs­de­lys Or.

The armory was submitted under the name Otelia du Pré Danzant.

Raymond de Caen. Household name for Chastel de la Mer and badge. (Fieldless) On an estoile purpure a Chinese dragon's head couped close contourny Or.

The Chinese dragon's head is found on his device.

Yitzhak ibn Yoshua. Name.

LOCHAC

Ælflæd of the Weald. Name and device. Argent, a chevron embattled purpure between three crosses of four lozenges vert.

While registerable under the linga Angelica allowance, the following forms would be better: Ælflæd on þæm Wealda would be entirely Old English. Ælfled in þe Walde would be reasonable for the 12th c., and Alfled or Elfled in þe Wald would do nicely even in the 13th c.

Beatrice of Hamtunscir. Name.

David of Galloway. Name and device. Argent, a Latinate Celtic cross azure between three quatrefoils gules.

Francesca Lucia Sammicheli. Name and device. Purpure, a Bowen cross within an tressure Or.

Helga rauðtík Leósdóttir. Name and device. Quarterly azure and Or, three turtles tergiant counter­changed.

Submitted as Helga Rauðtík Leósdóttir, we have changed the capital "r" in rauðtík to a small "r". Old Norse doesn't capitalise descriptive names.

Isobel Bacon. Name and device. Gules semy of quatrefoils slipped, a winged pig passant contourny, wings elevated and addorsed Or.

Jarik Blackthorn. Change of Holding Name from Michael of Stormhold.

Katerina da Brescia. Badge. Argent, a cross clechy within a belt in annulo a bordure embattled purpure.

Kendrick Robilard. Name and device. Erminois, three pallets gules and a trimount sable.

Miriam de Mont Noir. Name and device. Or crusily, a unicorn passant sable within a tressure vert.

Tanya of Shoreham. Name (see RETURNS for device).

MERIDIES

Aidan MacKay. Device. Azure, three chevronels braced and in chief three rams horns argent.

This was pended from the 3/97 LoAR for further research because it was blazoned incorrectly on the LoI, with an argent field instead of an azure one.

Anabel de Mont Saint Michel. Name and device. Quarterly azure and sable, a decrescent between three trees argent.

Anastasia Byestewode. Device. Per pale Or and purpure, a pair of scissors and a bordure invected counterchanged.

Please instruct the submitter on how to properly draw an invected bordure.

Angharad ferch Anarawd. Name and device. Argent, a wyvern erect gules maintaining a sword sable, a bordure counter­ermine.

Asad ibn Zayyan al­Baghdadi. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Asad bin Zayyan al­Baghdadi, we have correct this to ibn, the standard term for "son of" in Arabic.

Æthelred Peverel. Name.

Baras Bayan. Name change from Bars Naran.

His previous name Bars Naran is hereby released.

Begga Elisabeth Schexnayder. Name and device. Vert, a garb Or, on a chief argent three roses purpure barbed and seeded proper.

Bjorn wythe Mace. Name and device. Gules, on a bend sinister Or between a bear's head erased and muzzled and a cubit arm in armor bendwise sinister argent, a sword gules.

Submitted as Bjorn of the Great Mace, this is not a period form. The adjective would most often be gret(e) when bynames of the sort intended here were in use, but in fact it's unlikely to have been used at all: bynames are rarely so clumsy as this. And the attested idiom is not of the but rather with the. Jönsjö, Middle English Nicknames: I. Compounds has a number of relevant examples: Witheskirtes 1272 'with the skirts', Withspone 1379 'with the chip or spoon', With the Botoun 1338 'with the button', Wythemantel 1279 'with the cloak'. There are also names of this type meaning 'with the hounds', 'with the well', 'with the foot', etc., but these are not of the general form 'with the <portable inanimate object>'. With the Mace, Withemace, Wythemace, etc. would be registerable, though the closest example that we've been able to find still doesn't mention a weapon: Reaney & Wilson s.n. Hammer have Geoffrey wythe Hameres 1303. If he wants an Old Norse form of his name, Geirr Bassi has keppr 'cudgel, club', which contains the essential meaning, and vegghamarr 'wedge­hammer, mallet', as well as járnsaxa 'iron­knife'. We suggest Björn járnkeppr 'Bjorn Iron­club' or Björn hamarr 'Bjorn Hammer' as legitimate ON possibilities.

Brienus Holebroc. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Cáemell NicEntaggart. Name change from Qairatai Baras.

Submitted as Cáemell MacEntaggart, female names in Gaelic do not use the form "son of". We have corrected the byname to match the gender of the given name. Her former name Qairatai Baras, is to be retained as an alternate name.

Catrina Ravenbourne. Name and device. Azure, a hawk's lure on a chief wavy argent two hawk's bells azure.

Submitted as Catriona Ravenbourne, this mixes English and Gaelic orthography in the same name. We have changed the given name into an attested English form that differs by one letter from the submitted form.

Diana of the Isles. Badge. Azure, a chess pawn argent within a bordure compony gules and Or.

Doireann inghean Alasdair. Name and device. Per pale vert and sable, a lit oil lamp between in pale a quill pen fesswise and a quill pen fesswise reversed argent.

Submitted as Doireann MacAlasdair, this combines a feminine name in Gaelic with a masculine patronymic, something that the Gaelic language in period did not do. We have made the name entirely Gaelic and fixed the gender problem.

Elspeth nic Chormaic. Device. Argent ermined azure, on a pile gules a cross patonce argent.

Eórann inghean Bhroin. Name.

Submitted as Eórann Ó Broin, this combines a feminine name in Gaelic with a masculine patronymic, something that the Gaelic language in period did not do. We have put it into the correct form.

Hrolf Stormhawk. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Hugh Berfot. Name.

Ilse Bauer von Hausgauen. Name.

Submitted as Ilse Bauerhaus­gauen, unfortunately, the documentation from Socin has been completely misunderstood. The entry reads 'Henrich Bischof Bauer Hausgauen BMM', but the spacing works out so that Hausgauen has to be split across two lines, and as a result it ends up being hyphenated Haus­gauen. In this citation Henrich Bischof is the name being cited from the period manuscript, which is identified by the code BMM. Turning to p. XII, we find that this refers to a manuscript containing 13th c. records of the monastery of St. Maria Magdalena in Basel. Bauer Hausgauen specifies Henrich's occupation ­ farmer ­ and where he lives ­ Hausgauen." Further up the page one finds 'Rüdolfus Betilare Mönch Rheinau 1244' (where we've omitted the source and used a modern umlaut for the older symbol in the forename); this is Rüdolfus Betilare - the byname means 'beggar' - who is a monk (Mönch) at Rheinar. Between these two is 'Bidermannina Bäurin Gunzgen'; here the name is the feminine Bidermannina, who is a female farmer (Bäurin) at Gunzgen. Bauer is a common enough German surname; Ilse Bauer would be fine. Any place­name is a possible surname, so Ilse Hausgauen is fine. And the two can be combined: Ilse Bauer von Hausgauen, which we have done.

Ingrid Thurmansdottir. Name and device. Vert, two increscents Or and a bear statant argent.

Isabella Marjorie D'Arques. Device. Vert, a chevron counter­compony Or and sable between a cross flory Or and a leopard passant guardant Or spotted sable.

Jefferey of Wessex. Name.

Submitted as Jefferey Av West Seaxe, unfortunately, it appears that somewhere along the line the documentation was misunderstood. The Old English name for which Seltén, The Anglo­Saxon Heritage in Middle English Personal Names, Volumes 1 & 2, is providing Middle English citations is Sæfrið, and the citation intended here is Willelmus Sefferey 1332 from Part C (byname citations); at some point someone has evidently misread the S as J. However, the locative byname is also not correctly constructed. Since Jefferey is a documentable 14th c. form, we have corrected the byname to match it. If he wants an early period name, Sæfrið on West Seaxe is a possible 9th c. Old English name.

Kata Rauðbók. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Kata Raudðbók, the byname was incorrectly spelled. We have corrected the problem.

Linnet Rose. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Loric Silvestris. Badge. (Fieldless) A unicorn rampant sable charged on the shoulder with a fret couped Or.

Maddalena Alessandra Godwin. Badge. (Fieldless) A jester's cap per pale azure and purpure.

Magnus Werngard. Name.

Máirghréad inghean Thaithligh. Name.

Submitted as Máirghréad Ó Taithligh, this combines a feminine name in Gaelic with a masculine patronymic, something that Gaelic in period did not do. We have corrected the gender of the patronymic.

Maurice van Rijn. Name and device. Per fess wavy sable and argent in chief two decrescents Or and in base two bars wavy azure.

Melisende Beaumont. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Morgaine Gavin. Name and device. Erminois, a sealion naiant vert a bordure purpure.

Submitted as Morgaine nic Gavin, the only non­literary citation for Morgaine is Morgaine Hubble, who in 1583 had a license to marry Tomison (i.e., Thomasine) Halestone (Bardsley s.n. Hailstone). In other words, Morgaine as a real name is attested only as a variant of the masculine Morgan. A Morgaine therefore cannot be nic Gavin 'daughter of a Mac Gavin'. We have therefore dropped the "nic" in order to register the name. Please inform the submitter that "Morgaine" in period is a masculine name.

Óspakr Dagsson. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Osric de Wolf. Name.

Submitted as Osric der Wulfe, the correct Low German for "the wolf" is de Wolf. We have corrected the name accordingly.

Owain FitzMarshal of Grindal. Name change from Owain Grindal and device. Per bend sinister sable and argent a cross formy a bordure gules.

Submitted as Owain Grindal FitzMarshal, this was incorrectly constructed. Grindal is a locative with several possible sources, most meaning 'green valley'; it would not precede FitzMarshal. Reaney's The Origin of English Surnames, (90­1) mentions Gilbert le Fiz Kew 1279 'son of the cook' and Henry fis le Rey 1296 'son of the king'. (The latter is from a Sussex Subsidy Roll and is therefore most unlikely to refer to an actual son of the king of England.) To allow FitzMarshal one would have to assume that the ad hoc byname le Fiz Marescal, le Fitz Marschal, etc. had survived into the 16th c. as an hereditary surname, in which case Owain FitzMarshal would be possible, if unlikely. Incorporating the second surname, Grindal, would be more difficult, since explicit locatives aren't common that late, but it is registerable. His former name Owain Grindal is hereby released. Against Vairy sable and argent, a Maltese cross within a bordure gules, Bryan Abela, there is a CD for the field, and one for type of the cross.

Raghnall mac Con Choille. Name.

Submitted as Raghnall Cu Choille, the Irish don't seem to have used either double given names or asyndetic (unmarked) patronymics. We have made him the son of Cú Choille. Since the genitive of cú 'hound' is con, the resulting name is Raghnall mac Con Choille.

Rowan of Iron Mountain. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale vert and argent a cat herissony sable between three wolf pawprints counterchanged.

A question was raised regarding the use of herissony in our blazonry. While the term itself, to the best of our knowledge, is not period, the posture was done in period. Hierosme de Bara's Le Blason des Armoiries (1581) shows a cat in this position. The armory was submitted under the name Rowan Wolfbane.

Scirja of Ravenscroft. Name change from holding name Lisa of Ravenscroft.

Sigridr Thorbjarnardottir. Name.

Sorcha of Ballycastle. Name change from holding name Grace of Meridies.

Stefan von Westenhagen. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Stephanie of Nethyrwode. Device. Sable, a dragon's head erased, on a chief engrailed erminois three lilies azure.

Stephen M'Owlache. Device. Per chevron ploye argent and sable, a tree blasted and eradicated counterchanged, and in dexter chief a sun sable.

Svana Tik. Name.

Thora Bloodaxe. Name.

Thorfinn Skull Splitter. Badge. Gules semy of skulls fracted to chief Or.

Twila of Meridies. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly vert and sable, a mouse head caboshed argent.

The armory was submitted under the name Grellon Gunn.

Úlfr Skallagrímsson. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent two drinking horns fesswise and a horned helm a bordure counterchanged.

Submitted as Úlfr Skalla­Grimsson, in the past we have returned names using Skallagrim as being unique names, since the only reference we had to it was the father of Egill of Egil's Saga. The name Ivar Skallagrim (Ansteorra) was returned 4/88 on those grounds An appeal of the return was denied 12/89. On the 1/89 LoAR the submitted Thjodulf Skallagrimsson (Meridies) was changed to Thjodulf Grimsson for the same reason. However, we now have more information. Although Skallagrímr is in origin a combination of the nickname Skalla­ 'bald' and the forename Grímr, Lind, Norsk­Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namm från Medeltiden, s.n. Skallagrímr notes that there is at least one instance of the compound Skallagrímr as a forename in its own right: a Skallagrimr Audvnar son died in 1353. Egils saga Skallagrímssonar is thought to have been written c.1220; Egill himself was a contemporary of Eirík Blóðøx, so he can be dated to the 10th c. A 14th c. Úlfr Skallagrímsson is therefore entirely possible. We have, however, removed the unnecessary hyphen.

Víga­Þorfinnr inn svarti. Name and device. Argent, in pale two axes in saltire and a wolf's head caboshed, a bordure embattled sable.

Submitted as Thorfinn den Mork Kriger, this name required some major changes. We quote Fause Losenge on the required changes:

The first thing to be determined is whether he wants an Old Norse name or a Norwegian name; they're not the same thing. I suspect that he wants the former. If so, he shouldn't use kriger, which is a borrowing of German Krieger (or rather, its Low German cognate). I don't know exactly when this borrowing took place, but I suspect that it was in the later Middle Ages (13th ­ 15th c.) when Danish and Swedish borrowed a great many Low German words and even grammatical features; the influence of the Hanseatic League had much to do with this. And even in Norwegian I'm pretty sure that mørk (not mork) is the wrong word. It means 'dark, gloomy' and is cognate with English murky and mirk. It's from ON myrkr, which, like English murky, also had the metaphorical sense 'dark, obscure, hard to read', as of riddles. This is clearly not a simple color descriptive of the type commonly found in bynames. For that I think that he wants ON svartr 'swart, black', as in the compounds svarteygr 'black­eyed' and svartskeggjaðr 'black­bearded'; the word has svart as its modern Norwegian reflex. And I now note that according to Geirr, inn svarti 'the black' is quite a common byname in the historical sagas.

In ON the word víg 'a fight, battle' was extremely productive of compounds for related concepts; a vígsmaðr or vígmaðr, for instance, was a 'champion' (literally 'battle's man' or 'battle­man'), and a víghestr was a 'war­horse'. If I were to try to combine all of the concepts that he wants into a single ON name, I'd split the two bynames and propose one: Víga­Þorfinnr inn svarti 'Battle­Thorfinn the Black'. (Geirr Bassi has multiple attestations of both Víga­ and inn svarti.)

We have taken his advice and made the necessary changes.

Wulfric de Balliol. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Yasmin al­Shillaliyyah. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Yasmin al­Shilaiyyah, the submitter based this construction on an e­mail from al­Jamal. Unfortunately, a couple of letters were dropped in his reply. The word is, or should be, shillal, and the byname should be al­Shillaliyya(h) (with three "l"s, not just one). We have made the appropriate corrections.

Yves Fortanier. Device. Argent, a handbell purpure, a bordure purpure ermined argent.

MIDDLE

Adam Comyn. Name and device. Sable, a lantern argent between flaunches barry wavy argent and gules.

Adelicia Marie d'Argent. Name and device. Argent, a sheaf of three peacock feathers proper, tied Or.

Adelicia Marie d'Argent. Badge. Checky sable and argent, on a plate a spider bendwise sinister sable.

Alexandra of Falcon's Keep. Name and device. Gules, a bend between two natural dolphins in annulo argent.

Alyna Brynderlwyn. Name.

Alys Katharine. Name change from Alys Katharine of Ashthorne Glen.

Her former name Alys Katharine of Ashthorne Glen, is hereby released.

Andrew Maklaurene. Name and device. Azure, in pale three comets headed of mullets of four points fesswise and on a chief argent, three crescents gules.

Angus James MacDonald. Device. Per bend sinister argent and purpure, a tower vert and an anchor Or.

Please instruct the submitter on how to properly draw a tower.

Ascelina of Ulvedale. Name.

Balthazar fitz Gryphon. Device. Vert chapé ployé, a griffin segreant contourny argent.

Celeste Dougherty. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Christiana de Avochelie. Name.

Submitted as Christiana d'Avochlie, Domesday Book examples from Feilitzen (107) show that an inorganic e was normally inserted between ch and a following consonant, as in Blacheman from OE Blæcmann and Fulcheri(c) from Continental Germanic Fulcric; elsewhere (73­4) he discusses this phenomenon at some length, noting that it was a normal feature of Anglo­Norman orthography that probably represents an attempt to avoid unfamiliar or `difficult' consonant clusters. The use of ch to represent the sound [k] is distinctively Anglo­Norman and generally did not persist into normal ME orthography; it presupposes a DB (or similar) context. In that context the available evidence indicates that the medial e would normally have been used, so we have restored it. In this sort of usage, the preposition was not elided to d' even before vowels. At that time the documents are in Latin, and the Latin preposition is always de. Browsing through Reaney & Wilson or Bardsley finds that de was the normal form in English records even much later than DB: at random we find: de Averle 1279, de Eskelby 1327, de Athertone 1332, de Arundel 1268, etc.

Cristina Starling. Name.

Cynwrig Cynydd. Name and device. Argent, a chevron gules between two mullets of six points voided and interlaced and a greyhound sable.

Submitted as Cynwrig y Ciceidwad, Ceidwad means "keeper" in the sense of "protector, preserver, patron". Since this does not seem to be the intended usage, we have changed it to cynydd (derived from cwn the combining stem of ci "dog" and an agentive suffix ­ydd). Not only is this the ordinary word appearing in medieval Welsh literature and law for "huntsman, man in charge of the dogs", but there are numerous examples of it (in various spellings) as an occupational byname in the 13­15th centuries at a minimum (see Jones­MerLSR, Jones­AnglSub). The definite article would not normally be used with an occupational byname. Cynwrig Cynydd is the standard modern form of an extremely authentic Welsh name of the 13­15th c.

Dennis Mac Cuinneagáin. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, a double­bitted axe and another inverted argent.

Submitted as Dennis MacCuinneagain, the period Gaelic spelling of the byname would be Mac Cuinneagáin, and we have changed the name accordingly. While normally we do not combine Gaelic and English orthography in the same name, since the submitter's mundane name is Dennis, it is permissible.

Dzinovia Dubrovna. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Eduard Ostländer. Name.

This was originally submitted as Edward der Ostländer, it was changed in kingdom to Eduard der Osterling. The proper term would be Ostländer, but without the der. We have made the appropriate changes.

Edward Brackenburye. Name.

Eleri MacLeod. Name.

Fergus of Ironwood. Name and device. Or, a sword inverted sable transfixing a heart gules between two sea­lions respectant sable.

Submitted as Fergus Indractus of Ironwood, Indractus is given by Searle as the name of an 8th c. Irish saint buried at Glastonbury; with that much to go on, we can easily recognize it as a Latinized corruption of Irish Indrechtach, which is found in Ó Corráin & Maguire. The Irish didn't use asyndetic (unmarked) patronymics, and we've no reason to think that they would have been used in a Hibernian Latin record, either. We have dropped the questionable element in order to register the name.

Flaming Gryphon, Barony of. Order Name and badge for Order of the Gryphons Spear. (Fieldless) A griffin passant maintaining a spear sable.

Submitted as Order of the Gryphon's Spear, we have removed the out of period apostrophe.

Gabriel of Vest Yorvik. Name (see PENDS for device).

Gilcolmun MacLeod. Name and device. Purpure, on a bend sinister Or between two Lorraine crosses argent two falcons striking sable.

Please feed the crosses.

Gunnar de Blacwode. Name .

Submitted as Gunnar of Blackwood, we have corrected the spelling of Blackwood to a documented 14th century form per the submitter's request.

Hely d'Isigny. Name and device. Vert, a wolf's head caboshed an orle Or.

Kasimir of Stargard. Name.

This was registered on the 1/97 LoAR.

Lefwenna Swanhilde de la Hay. Name and device. Per pale vert and gules, a swan rousant argent and in chief three clarions Or.

Please instruct the submitter on how to properly draw a rousant swan.

Lloyd of Penrose. Badge. Per pale Or and gules, a lion's jamb bendwise sinister sustaining a Latin cross bendwise, counterchanged.

Meriel FitzWilliam. Name and device. Sable, three sea horses naiant argent, crined, tailed and finned Or, a chief erminois.

Micheline du Follet. Name.

Oakford, Canton of. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Ottokar von dem Schwarzwald. Device. Azure, on a cross formy Or a chalice gules.

Red Spears, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) A winged boar's head erased Or, wings elevated and addorsed argent.

Red Spears, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) On a boarspear head gules a rose Or.

Richard Blackwood. Name and device. Per saltire gules and argent, a lion rampant sable, within a bordure dovetailed azure.

Please instruct the submitter on how to properly draw a dovetailed bordure.

Richard Radman of Ditton Priors. Name and badge. (Fieldless) On a caltrop argent a Latin cross azure.

Rockwall, Shire of. Device. Azure, a single arched bridge argent, each tower charged with a laurel wreath azure, in chief a lion dormant Or.

Romula Rethe of the Cleftlands. Badge. (Fieldless) A feather fracted in chevron argent.

Seanán Ó Dáire. Device. Azure, three sea serpents ondoyant in pale, on a chief argent a shamrock vert between two thistles slipped and leaved proper.

Tormod of Kirk Andreas. Name (see RETURNS for device).

William Taylor the Pure. Device. Per pale purpure and vert, a bear's leg palewise issuant from base Or, maintaining a clay pot argent.

SOCIETY FOR CREATIVE ANACHRONISM

England. Badge. (Tinctureless) A pheon.

On the East Kingdom 10/96 Caitlin Angharad FitzHenry submitted (Fieldless) A pheon gules. Caitlin's badge was pended for a possible conflict with the English royal badge. After reading the commentary, we have decided to protect the English royal badge.

WEST

Athena Dalassena. Device change. Argent, on a pale sable between two ivy vines palewise vert a crescent argent.

Her former device, Argent, on a pale sable between two ivy vines palewise vert a decrescent argent., is hereby released.

Drew Fortescue. Release of Badge. Azure, a sea­griffin erect argent, tailed Or.

Elisabeth René de Champagne. Name.

Submitted as Elisabeth Reneé de Champagne, Renée is a modern name. Therefore, we have dropped the second "e", and moved the incorrectly placed accent to make the patronymic René.

Mariella di Mariano. Name.

Martin de Huy. Name.

Submitted as Martin van Huy on the LoI, it was originally submitted as Martin de Huy, and changed in kingdom. Fause Losenge has been able to provide examples such as: Adelart de Coppenhole c.1220 and Stalin de Coelscamp by 1300, Hanekins de Cuinghiem 1270 and Iehan de Clobdorpe 1262. Therefore, we are restoring the original form.

Richard de Camville. Name and device. Argent, four bendlets sable in sinister chief a Latin cross flory gules.

Teresa Maria Isabella Castro. Name and device. Or, six hearts sable.

Thor Stagge. Change of holding name from Warren of Rivenoak.

Tristan Falstaff. Device change. Argent, a dragon segreant gules, on a chief azure three crosses botany argent.

His former device, Argent a dragon segreant gules, a bordure azure crusilly argent., is to be retained as a badge.

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ATLANTIA

Chriemhilt von Regensburg. Device. Per fess wavy argent and sable, a mushroom counterchanged gules and argent a bordure compony vert and Or.

This is being returned for a redraw. As drawn the mushroom is counterchanged over the line of division in such a way to make the wavy line unidentifiable.

Pavla Dmitrovna. Device. Per pale vert and argent, three hawks migrant counterchanged.

This is being returned for a redraw. The birds lack interior details and are not identifiable as a hawk, or clearly as anything else, otherwise we would just reblazon it.

Sigrid Briansdottir. Device. Vert, a serpent nowed in a Heneage knot inverted argent.

This is being returned for conflict with Frewin Finnbogason (SCA), Per saltire gules and sable, a Norse serpent nowed argent., with one CD for the difference in the fields. Frewin's Norse serpent is in virtually the same position as the serpent submitted by Sigrid.

CAID

Caíntigern of Ainsley. Name change from Gwenhwyvar Ainsley.

This combines Gaelic and English orthography in the same name. An argument was made that the lingua angelica rule should apply to topographic bynames. If "Ainsley" is a reasonable place name in English, the result is as registerable as, say "Caítigern of Dublin", would be. Unfortunately, the lingua angelica rule does not work that way. The relevant passage in the rules comes at the end of RfS III.1.a (Linguistic Consistency): `In the case of place names and other name elements frequently used in English in their original form, an English article or preposition may be used. For example, of Aachen might be used instead of the purely German von Aachen.' This submission does not meet that standard. The letter of intent asked the college for information on a last name that sounds like "Ainsley" that she could use as a byname. Unfortunately, as far as we can tell no one has come up with anything. We repeat the plea in the LoI, if anyone has any ideas, if they would please send it to either Crescent or myself, that would be helpful. As was said in the previous return, Kentigerna Ainsley is a registerable Anglicized spelling of the name.

Christopher Thomas. Badge. (Fieldless) A muffin cap purpure.

This is being returned for lack of documentation. We can find no indication that a "muffin cap" has ever been registered before in the SCA. As a consequence, this would be the defining instance of the charge. Previous Laurel Sovereigns of Arms have held new charges to the same standard of documentation and have return them for lacking it, c.f. a winch (Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme, LoAR 9/92, p. 42), a Mongol helm (Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme, LoAR 12/92, p. 15), a zalktis (Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme, LoAR 1/93, p. 28) and a Viking tent arch (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR 5/94, p17).

Cragston­on­the­Water, Canton of. Name and device. Or, on a fess wavy cotised between three laurel wreaths azure a trout naiant Or.

Unfortunately, while a reasonable attempt was made to justify this spelling, it is not a correct construction. We quote Fause Losenge on the problem:;

Smith, English Place­Name Elements, s.v. tún has a long discussion of the kinds of first elements with which it is combined. Most are incompatible with the s. One category that offers at least some hope is personal names, either OE or ON. I was unable to find any OE names that would plausibly produce anything close to Cragston. Fellows Jensen discusses the ON names Krákr and Krókr, both originally bynames. The latter actually produced English place­names of the desired type, e.g., Crocestone in Domesday Book, now Croxton in Lincolnshire (and so recorded in 1196), and Crokesby c.1280 in Yorkwhire West Riding. Kráki occurs only in a Domesday Book byname for Grimbold Crac, but from this we may infer a hypothetical Cracestone, later Craxton. Another possibility is post­Conquest personal names. Smith gives several examples; in some cases a forename was used (e.g., Bryanston, from Brian de Insula 1232; Gerston, from Girardus, the tenant in 1086), while in others it was a byname (e.g., Flamston, from Walter Flambard 1202). But in all cases the tenant's name shows definite French influence. It's doubtful whether someone like Henry Crag 1204 (Reaney & Wilson s.n. Crag) could plausibly have given his byname to any place as its tenant.

Other possible sources of first elements are older Celtic place­names and older English place­names. The latter is unlikely, since cragge doesn't seem to appear until ME times. In other words, it's unlikely to have been an earlier place­name, since it apparently isn't old enough. The first possibility is actually realized in the modern place­name Creighton, which contains Welsh craig, Old Welsh *creic `a rock, a cliff'. According to Ekwall, this was Cracton 1242. Other place­names derived from this source also show [k] rather than [g], and I see no way to get the s.

Finally, nearby topographical features, especially fords, sometimes figure as first element in ­tun names. It's not clear whether crag(ge) is early enough for such a construction to be plausible, but even with the benefit of the doubt it won't produce Cragston: in all of the cited examples, the feature appears in the nominative singular. In principle one could get Crag(ge)ton, though it would be normal for this to undergo assimilation and become either Crak(e)ton or Cragdon.

To sum up, I don't see a plausible derivation of Cragston. Craxton is easy and is phonetically closer than any other reasonable variant. There are also arguments for Cragdon. In addition to the one just given, it could be a compound of ME cragge and doun `a hill, an expanse of open hill country'. Other plausible forms are further yet from Cragston.

I found (s.n. Fryston) that Water Fryston was recorded as Fryston juxta aquam `Fryston by the water' in 1428. The well­known Weston super Mare was so recorded in 1349. Weston upon Avon was Weston super Abonam 1291; Weston under Lizard (near Lizard Hill) was Weston under Lusyerd 14th c.; and Weston Underwood was Weston Underwode 1301. Kingston upon Hull was Kyngeston super Hul 1299. Allerton Bywater appears so as early as 1257, and Thorpe by Water was Thorpbythewatir 1459.

It appears that in medieval records, even quite late ones, the Latin prepositions are most common, though we do have here some examples of under. Smith s.v. on says that upon is a modern English replacement for on, which often interchanges with Latin super. It appears, then, that on is fine, though I have so far not found a period instance of this particular English preposition. Smith s.v. wæter indicate that as an affix this idea is commonly rendered in period documents by the Latin juxta aquam. His examples indicate that the most common modern expression of it is the prefix Water, as in Water Fryston and Water Fulford (Waterfulforth 1285). It is also expressed by the phrase by (the) water, represented by Allerton Bywater and Rhorpe by Water; these (with Water Fulford) are the only places for which I've found period forms containing an English Water affix. Finally, assuming that modern affixes of this type are for the most part at most minor modifications of period ones, it is reassuring to find him mentioning Bourton on the Water in Gloucestershire.

From this it appears that on the Water should be entirely acceptable; by the Water has the virtue of having (apart from minor orthographical differences) an actual period exemplar; juxta aquam might be the most common documentary form; and a prefixed Water might be most representative of vernacular usage, if we judge by the distribution of modern forms. There seems to be no support for the hyphens, however; they should be dropped. Craxton (or Cragdon) on the Water would be fine. (So would Craxton Bywater, Craxton by the Water, Watercraxton, etc.)

Since we do not form holding names for groups, we are forced to return the armory as well.

Cragston­on­the­Water, Canton of. Badge. (Fieldless) A trout naiant Or impaled upon a spear sable.

Since we returned the group name, we are forced to return the badge as well.

Grímr Hálfdanarson. Name and device. Per fess argent and sable, two decrescents and a compass star counterchanged.

While blazoned as per fess, as drawn it is really Sable, a compass star and on a chief argent two decrescents sable. It therefore conflicts with Daryl of Avalon (SCA), Sable, a sun and on a chief argent three pheons sable: there is a CD for the changes in the tertiary charges, but there is nothing for the different between a sun and a compass star. A redraw that clearly showed this as a Per fess field division would remove the conflict.

Jacob Maximilian of the Black Forest. Badge. Per fess counter­ermine and gules, in base two pallets Or overall a double­headed eagle wings displayed inverted argent.

While blazoned on the LoI as above, this could just as easily been blazoned as Per fess counter­ermine and gules paly Or, a double­headed eagle displayed argent. In the return of Aidan Aileran O'Comhraidhe (badge, 11/93) Baron Bruce as Laurel said:

It was not unusual for barry or paly fields to in period to be drawn with an odd number of traits (which we'd blazon as bars or palets); see, for example, the arms of Mouton (Multon, Moleton) found both as Barry argent and gules and Argent, three bars gules (DBA, pp 59, 88; Foster, p. 145). The distinction is even less noticeable when covering only a portion of the shield, as here; see, for example, the arms of von Rosenberg, whose Per fess field has in base either three bends or bendy depending upon the artist's whim (Siebmacher, p. 8; Neubecker and Rentzmann, p. 290). Even when the distinction is worth blazoning, it's worth no difference.

Therefore, this conflicts with Poland (Important non­SCA armory) Gules, an eagle displayed argent, crowned Or., with one CD for the field.

CALONTIR

Learbhean Ó Maoil Eoin. Device. Argent goutty de larmes, a silkie sable headed proper crined between in chief two spokeless Catherine wheels sable.

This is being returned for a redraw. There is no such thing as a spokeless wheel in heraldry. We could not reblazon it as an annulets "line of division" on the outer edge, as the best description of the line of division is the out­of­period wavy crested.

Simidh am Piobaire. Name and device. Argent, a saltire cotised and on a chief azure three cinquefoils argent seeded gules.

No paperwork was received for the name, so we must the entire submission.

DRACHENWALD

Sadafa bint As­Sabiil. Name.

According to the submitter, Sadafa means "Sea­shell" and follows a period practice of using common nouns as personal names. However, no documentation was presented to show that this was a period practice, and no documentation was presented to show that Sadafa as a period or modern given name. It is true that Elias' English­Arabic Dictionary Romanized, p. 193, has sa'dafa (sa'daf) for "shell of fish" However, most of the "meanings" of names for girls tended to be more flowery or referred to more "positive" traits than "shell of fish".) The submitter also states that As­Sabiil means "Follower of the Path". Jaschke, p. 357, glosses sabil (the equivalent of "sabiil") as "public well, drinking fountain". Barring evidence that this is a correctly constructed Arabic name, we are forced to return it. The armory was registered under the holding name Michelle of Polderslot.

EAST

Anne of Framlingham. Device. Lozengy gules and argent, each argent section charged with a key inverted, a chief sable.

Unfortunately, this striking device must be returned for breaking tincture. As emblazoned the sable chief is directly on top of the gules portion of the field, making this color on color.

Caitlin Angharad FitzHenry. Badge. (Fieldless) A pheon gules.

On the East Kingdom 10/96 Caitlin Angharad FitzHenry submitted (Fieldless) A pheon gules. Caitlin's badge was pended for a possible conflict with the English Royal badge A pheon. After consulting with the college on this issue, and reading the commentary, we have decided to protect the English badge.

Elene of Lochcarron. Device. Per fess Or and vert, two crows displayed heads respectant sable and an Atlantic salmon haurient proper.

This is being returned for several reasons. First, as emblazoned, the salmon is a dark grey, which means that this submission breaks the rule of tincture, but putting color on color. Second, there is no widely understood default for an Atlantic salmon proper, so this violates our use of proper. Finally, as emblazoned, the submission is not clearly per fess, or field a chief, but somewhere halfway between, which blurs the distinction between the two.

Embla the Bone Trader. Name.

The only documentation provided for Embla was as a mythological name. No one in the College could provide any better documentation. Additionally, no documentation was provided and no one could provide any, for Bone Trader as a period occupational byname. Therefore we are forced to return this name. The Old Norse for bone' is bein; we suggest that Bein­ would be a possible ON preposed byname that she could at least interpret as having the desired meaning. With an acceptable give name, the form Bein­Old Norse given name should be registerable.

Esclarmonde de Collioure. Device. Azure, three crescents interlaced in pall inverted and on a chief Or three quatrefoils gules.

We are returning this for violating VIII.4.b.: Modern Insignia ­ Overt allusions to modern insignia, trademarks, or common designs may not be registered.

Such references, including parodies, may be considered obtrusive. Examples include using a bend within a bordure gules to parody the international "No Entry" sign, variations on the geometric Peace sign, and so forth.

This is too close to the biohazard symbol to be registered.

Gabrán Mac Mhuirich. Name.

This was pended on the June 1996 LoAR because it was a Pennsic submission where the Pennsic worksheet gave permission to make changes and the forms did not. The name as submitted on the forms was not registerable, though the name on the worksheet was. This was pended to allow the East Kingdom to contact the submitter and find out what he wanted done. Since no one in the East has gotten back to us, we are forced to return it.

Kalen Forgehall. Name and device. Azure, a dog salient contourny his paws resting upon a helm argent.

According to the letter of intent, Kalen is a proposed Anglicization of Cáelan, which is found as a male given name in O'Corrain and Maguire, pg. 40. Forgehall is a constructed place name, probably meaning "Blacksmith's Hall." However, the Anglicization of Cáelán is extremely unlikely. The value of áe is uncertain; originally it may have been something like the diphthong represented by i in the English word mine, but by ME times it was apparently well on its way to the range of sounds represented by ao in modern Gaelic (Irish or Scots). (The modern spelling of the name is Caolán.) This sound, depending on dialect, varies from (roughly) the vowel of mate to (roughly) that of meet to German ü and ö and even to something rather like the Russian jery. The first of these could be represented by a in modern English, but none of them is at all likely to have been so represented in our period. By far the most common representation of this sound in the late 16th or early 17th c. Anglicization given by Woulfe is ea; we have not found a or anything that would plausibly have represented the `ah' sound associated with this spelling. Irish á, on the other hand, is generally represented by a in the Anglicization. (Note that a and aoi sound somewhat different from á and ao, so that Anglicization of the former are not evidence for the latter.) We might believe Kealan or Keylan, and perhaps Kelan; Kalen appears to be a modern English spelling of a modern, careless (mis)pronunciation of the Irish name.

Forgehall is not a particularly believable construction, at least on the basis of the justification given in the LoI. The meaning of forge in the byname del Forge is `smithy'; use of the term to refer to the apparatus rather than the to the smith's workshop seems to be a bit later. Thus, hall is redundant. Moreover, Smith, English Place­Name Elements, gives the meaning of the place­name element hall as `a hall, a large residence, a manor house, a place for legal and other public business' and in later dialect `a farm­house'; plainly this is not an element likely to be modified by forge. However, there was also an OE halh `a nook, a corner of land, a water­meadow', which in ME became inter alia hale and hal. It's probably not too far­fetched to imagine such a plot of ground coming to be known for a smithy situated on it, and on this basis we could probably justify Forgehal(e). (Forgehall is then a possible modern spelling.) Unfortunately, it is still thoroughly unbelievable with an Irish forename, even one that's been Anglicized. If he's a smith from a line of smiths, we suggest Kealan M'Agowne, a reasonable late­period Anglicization of Caolán mac an Ghobhann; the patronymic is `son of the smith'.

The armory is being returned for a redraw. The dog as drawn here appears to be cartoonish and in a non­period style. It has humanoid, chubby legs, large droopy­lidded eyes and a small pointed snout. The dog is not quite in a standard heraldic posture either; rather than a true salient, rampant or statant erect. Therefore, this drawing as a whole violates VIII.4.d. ­ overly modern depiction.

Note: even if this submission had been registerable, we still would have had to return it as no name forms were received.

Otelia du Pré Danzant. Name and device. Or, on a chevron vert three fleurs­de­lys Or.

According to the LoI, du Pré Danzant means 'Dancing Meadow'. Dauzat gives the following list Préval (valley meadow), Prévert (green meadow), Prémare (pond meadow), Prémorel (Morel's meadow), Préfol (wild meadow), Prégel (frosty meadow), Précour (short meadow), Préaumont (mountain meadow), Prébois (meadow by the woods) and Précostat (coast meadow). However these are all distinctive features, which make a meadow distinctive or identifiable. Therefore, we do not feel that dancing meadow is a reasonable construction, and must return the name. Note: Danzant is incorrectly spelled. It should be dansant. The armory was registered under the name Otelia of Thescore.

Yasmin bint al­Shandi. Name.

No paperwork was received for this submission, so we must return the name.

LOCHAC

Seóna Dunliath ní Sheachnasaigh. Device. Per pale argent and sable, a fret counterchanged.

This conflicts with Rhodri ap Gwythyr (SCA) Per pale argent and sable, a fret and a bordure counterchanged. There is only one CD for removing the bordure from Rhodri's device.

Tanya of Shoreham. Device. Or, on a lozenge purpure a lightning bolt palewise Or.

Unfortunately, this is considered to be the equivalent of Purpure vêtu, a lightning bolt Or., putting it into conflict with Thora of Thescorre (SCA) Quarterly sable and gules, a lightning bolt palewise Or., with just one CD for the field.

MERIDIES

Arlen O'Connell. Name.

This is being returned for lack of documentation. The only documentation presented was for variant spellings of the given name as a surname, and no one in the college presented any documentation for this spelling being used as a given name in our period. Without documentation that Arlen was used as a given name by a human being in our period we are forced to return the name.

Asad ibn Zayyan al­Baghdadi. Device. Purpure, a cat couchant guardant within an Arab arch Or.

This is being returned for lack of documentation of the "Arab arch". We know of no such charge as "an Arab arch", nor is the item as emblazoned of a typical or standard middle eastern, Indian, or Arabic style. Indeed, what it most closely resembles is the extremely late period and post­period "onion dome" (à la Taj Mahal), though badly "squashed", over a rounded archway. Therefore, this falls afoul of RfS VII.7.b. ("Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon."), because we can think of no blazon which would adequately reproduce it. This also runs afoul of RfS VII.7.a since it cannot be readily identified from its appearance alone.

Brienus Holebroc. Device. Argent, a pale wavy azure overall a bridge sable.

This conflicts with Jessa of Avondale (SCA), Argent, three pallets wavy azure, overall a bridge throughout sable masoned argent. There is a CD for the number of ordinaries, but a bridge, like a tower, can correctly be drawn masoned without that fact being blazoned, so there is no CD for Jessa's masoning, and there is none for the difference between a bridge and a bridge throughout.

Conan Hawkwood. Device. Gules, two hawks rising wings elevated and addorsed, and on a point pointed argent a Latin cross sable.

This is being returned for a redraw. As drawn, it is halfway between a per chevron field division, and field, a point pointed. Note: if was considered "Per chevron gules and argent. . ." it would be in conflict with George of Mousehole (SCA) Per chevron gules and argent, two old men's heads affronty, couped at the shoulders argent, and a Cornish chough rising, wings addorsed proper., with 1 CD for changing the type of the primary charge group. X.2 (Complete difference of charge does not apply) since RfS X.2 requires "the type of every primary charge is substantially changed", and there is not complete difference of charge between a hawk and a Cornish chough.

Cynric y Tarianlas ap Moran ap Cadog. Name and device. Vert, a sword inverted Or on a chief argent three hurts.

This combines Old English, Welsh and Irish in the same name which, barring evidence of such combinations in period, is too unlikely to be registered. According to the LoI, the submitter really wants the given name Camrik. Fause Losenge offers this suggestion:

If he doesn't mind changing the rest of the name completely, I can offer a more or less reasonable justification for a Continental Germanic Camric. Morlet (I:102) has a handful of dithematic names with prototheme Gam­, probably a shortened form of Gamal­ or Gaman­, both of which occasionally appear with initial C or K. The deuterotheme ­ricus is of course common, though it isn't attested with any of these protothemes; Gamric is as reasonable as any unattested form with a rare prototheme, and Camric is clearly within the range of variation.

The device conflicts with Tómas Youngerson (SCA), Vert, a sword inverted or, on a chief wavy argent three golpes., there is a CD for changing the line of division of the chief but nothing for changing only the tincture of the tertiary charges.

Dëordaeg av Dunnon. Name.

This name is being returned for non­period style. It combines an unattested Old English forename of unknown gender, complete with modern editorial diacritic marking, a modern Norwegian preposition, and an atypical 13th c. spelling of a Scottish place­name. Assuming that he wants to keep the sound, we can offer a couple of suggestions. There is an OE patronymic form Dunning (Reaney & Wilson s.n.) which would make an acceptable byname: Deordæg Dunning. If he's set on a locative byname, we can't keep the sound quite as close, but something based on the OE personal name Dunna (mentioned by Ekwall in connection with a number of place­names in Dun­) might do, e.g., Deordæg of (or on, or æt) Dunnanham 'Dunna's ham'

Grellon Gunn. Name.

This is being returned because Grellon is a byname, not a given name. Dauzat says that it's a southern diminutive of Grel, which arises from three different roots. One is a dialect form of gril 'cricket'. Another is the adjective grêle, Old French graile 'slender' (literally 'gracile'). The third is a feminine noun grêle 'pock, sty'; the sense is that of grêlé 'pockmarked'. Obviously none of these is a forename in origin. We couldn't find anything particularly close in a forename so we can make no suggestions for an alternative. The armory was registered under the name Twila Gunn.

Hrolf Stormhawk. Device. Vair, on a bend indented Or three wolf heads erased vert.

This is being returned for a redraw. There are far too many indentations on the bend. It needs to be redrawn with between three and seven indentations on a side. The heads also need to be redrawn; they are not erased and cannot not be so blazoned. The heraldic erased represents ME arace 'to pull out by the roots', which is cognate with arraché, the corresponding French blazon term.

Kata Rauðbók. Device. Sable, on a saltire cotissed argent, a closed book gules.

This conflicts with Ilissa the Nightwatcher (SCA) Sable, on a saltire cotised argent, in bend sinister three wolves courant to base sable., with just one CD for the changes to the tertiaries.

Linnet Rose. Device. Azure, an estoile of eight points Or between flaunches ermine.

This conflicts with Wendryn Townsend (SCA) Azure, a sun in glory Or., with one CD for the flaunches, but nothing for the difference between an estoile of 8 points and a sun.

Melisende Beaumont. Device. Purpure, a liondragon statant Or maintaining a crescent bendwise sinister a bordure invected argent.

This is being returned for a redraw. The bordure needs to be redrawn with fewer and much larger bumps.

Milo FitzLyon. Badge. Sable, on a mullet of eight points throughout Or a cross patty gules.

This is being returned for multiple conflicts including: Kourost Bernard of the East Woods (SCA) Sable, a sun eclipsed Or., Grainne ni Dyerree­in­Dowan (SCA) Sable, on a mullet of seven points Or, voided vert, a garb Or., Barony of Caerthe (SCA) Sable, on a sun throughout Or an aspen leaf vert., Bruce of Brandy Hall (SCA) Purpure, on a sun Or a dagger gules., Royal University of Ithra (SCA) Gules, on a sun Or eclipsed gules, an Arabian lamp flammant Or., and Martyn ap Cadwalladr the Bold (SCA) [Fieldless] On a sun Or a cross crosslet fitchy gules. The first three each get just one CD for the tertiaries (note that quaternaries are ignored for conflict purposes.) The last three each get a CD for the field (or lack thereof) but nothing for type only of tertiary on these complex charges. Variations in the specific form of the sun­equivalents count nothing.

Monika aus Ritters Kreuzung. Name and device. Purpure, a pall ermine between a Celtic harp and two dolphins respectant Or.

The name is being returned for incorrect construction for a couple of reasons. First, it does not appear that aus was used as a locative preposition in period names; the apparent examples in Brechenmacher, Etmologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen, were long ago shown to be descriptions, not part of the cited names. Second, and more importantly while there is indeed a Barony of Knight's Crossing in Drachenwald, its existence is insufficient to justify her byname; that requires showing that Ritters Kreuzung is plausible as a period German place­name. We've not found any example of a German place­name containing the element Kreuzung. The device conflicts with Jan of Devon (SCA) Purpure, a pall argent between two dolphins haurient respectant, in chief a mullet of four points Or., with one CD for changing the tincture of the pall, and nothing for changing the type only of less than one half of the group of secondary charges.

Morgwen ferch Bronwen. Name.

This conflicts with Morgan Branwen, registered 9/92.

Olaf Wulf. Name.

This conflicts with Olaf Ulfsson registered 6/97.

Óspakr Dagsson. Device. Azure, a chevron inverted and in chief a holly leaf argent.

This conflicts with Olafr Saelendingr Haraldsson (SCA) Azure, a chevron inverted and in chief an increscent argent., with only one CD for changing the type of the secondary charge.

Rigan Nicgriogair. Name and device. Per chevron argent mullety sable and sable, in base a comet bendwise sinister Or.

The name is being returned for incorrect construction. It appears that the submitter has been misled by an inexactitude in Black: Nicgriogair is not Gaelic for 'daughter of Gregor', but rather for 'daughter of the MacGregor'. 'Daughter of Gregor' would be inghean Ghriogair. Moreover, Rígán is a masculine name, so a Rígán cannot be anyone's daughter. A consistent early name would be Rígán mac Grigóir (or possibly Grigóra, if we extrapolate from the genitive given by Woulfe for the modern Greagóir), but since this transparently changes the lady's sex, we would rather return this name as to make sure that the submitter really wants a name of a gender that is not hers.

The device conflicts with Brendan Shimmering Star (SCA) Sable chape ploye argent mulletty sable, a mullet of six points elongated to base Or. We give no difference between chape ploye and per chevron, giving at best only one CD for the difference between a comet and a mullet of six point elongated to base.

Rowan Wolfbane. Name.

The name is being returned for lack of a suitable byname. Bynames of the form X­bane don't seem to have been used in our period, though it's just possible that the ON cognate bani was so used. In ON one could construct úlfsbani, meaning either 'wolf's killer' or 'Ulf's killer', but this doesn't justify Wolfbane. No documentation was presented, and none of the college could provide any, for bynames formed from the name of the herb. Please inform the submitter that in our period Rowan was a man's name. The armory registered under the name Rowan of Iron Mountain.

Sarina von Bremerhaven. Name.

While the LoI cited a source for Sarina as a first name, no photocopies of the documentation were provided. Furthermore, while the LoI asserted that Sarina was a given name, no dated reference was provided. Absence documentation that Sarina is a period given name, we are forced to return it.

Scoithin mac Mhuireadhaigh. Device. Per pale argent and azure, two Pictish dolphin beasts respectant counterchanged.

So far as the acceptability of the charge itself is concerned, the Pictish dolphin beast falls in the same category as the unregisterable Norse twistie­beasties, Book of Kells beasts, etc. "In the November 1986 LoAR a `borre­style gripping beast' was returned in part because `[t]he gripping beast is not a consistent heraldic charge which could reliably be rendered by a competent heraldic artist'. Such appears also to be the case with the Lisbjerg gripping beast." (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR December 1995, p. 23). As far as the marshalling question is concerned, since this uses the same charge in each section it is not marshalled armory. If he resubmits with heraldic or natural dolphins, be sure to avoid conflicting with Diantha Sylvana Galatea Athalie de Castalia (SCA) Per pale argent and azure, two dolphins uriant respecting each other counterchanged.

Stefan von Westenhagen. Device. Argent, a bend vert, overall a bear rampant sable.

This conflicts with Cedric Helmcleaver (SCA) Argent, a bend vert, overall a Norman helm sable cleaved by an axe fesswise reversed gules., with one CD for changing the overall charge from a bear to an helm, and nothing for the addition of the (small) axe on the helm.

Tyche Nonanus Saturninus. Name and device. Per bend purpure and sable a compass star of four fretted mascles Or.

The name is being returned for incorrect construction. Presumably this is intended to be some sort of Roman name. It certainly isn't a classical tria nomina, and it doesn't follow any of the later models with which we're familiar, either. The problems begin with the first element, presumably intended as a praenomen. Withycombe (xviii) notes that by the late 2nd c. B.C. only 18 praenomina were still in use: Appius, Aulus, Decimus, Gaius, Gnaeus, Kaeso, Lucius, Mamercus, Marcus, Manius, Numerius, Publius, Quintus, Servius, Sextus, Spurius, Tiberius, and Titus. Birley (14ff) notes that the use of the cognomen didn't really become common until the 1st c. B.C., we can assume that these were the only praenomina available. He goes on to say that by the 3rd c. A.D. the praenomen was hardly used. Thereafter Roman naming became quite erratic, but by far the most common types are single names and <nomen> <cognomen> pairs. The one exception that comes readily to hand is Rubrius Carinus Orientalis, a name found on an intaglio in Britain., but it turns out to be basically of the second type: Rubrius is an attested nomen, or gentilicium, and Carinus is an attested cognomen. Evidently Orientalis here is an agnomen, probably a true byname describing him as an easterner. (A similar construction from the earlier period when the praenomen was still in regular use is Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus.) Now let's look at the individual elements.

Tyche is a Greek word meaning 'good fortune, luck; what man obtains from the gods', also 'chance, fortune, luck (good or bad)'; it's equivalent to Latin fortuna, and both were deified. Lemprière also makes Tyche the name of one of the Oceanides, or sea­nymphs. There's nothing here to suggest that it was used as a personal name, though the Latin Fortuna and its masculine equivalent Fortunus were (Morlet, II:53b). Even if it was, there are still a couple of problems. Morlet says that Fortunus was both cognomen and gentilicium, so it could stand in the second or third place in this name; it does not appear to have been used as a praenomen, and a Greek borrowing is even less likely to appear in the first spot. (It would most likely appear third, as cognomen.) Moreover, Tyche, like Fortuna, is feminine; we don't see a way to justify combining it with the masculine Nonanus and Saturninus. As for these, Solin & Salomies attest Saturninus and Nonianus as both gentilicium and cognomen, but they have Nonanus only as cognomen. Thus, <praenomen> Nonianus Saturninus or <praenomen> Saturninus Nonanus would be fine, but not the submitted version.

If it weren't for the gender problem, we'd suggest Saturninus Nonanus Tyche or Nonianus Saturninus Tyche, with Tyche functioning as a byname somewhat in the manner of Orientalis in Rubrius Carinus Orientalis. However, this doesn't really work here because of the gender problem. If it's the meaning that's important to him, Saturninus Nonanus Fortunatus would be fine.

The device is being returned for a couple of reasons. First, as drawn it violates our rules on "thin­line heraldry". Properly drawn mascles are much thicker than this. Secondly, it conflicts with Thorvald Rodericksson (SCA) [Fieldless] A mullet of eight points concave voided and interlaced Or., as cited on the LoI, with one CD for fieldlessness.

Wulfric de Balliol. Device. Argent, a jester statant arms upraised inverted motley, in chief three roundels gules.

This is being returned for violating VIII.1.b. ­ Armorial Balance. Armory must arrange all elements coherently in a balanced design.

Period armory usually places the primary elements of the design in a static arrangement, such as a single charge in the center of the field or three identical charges on an escutcheon. More complex designs frequently include a central focal point around which other charges are placed, like a chevron between three charges, but the design remains static and balanced. Designs that are unbalanced, or that create an impression of motion, are not compatible with period style.

This submission definitely creates an impression of motion. Nor is this the only problem with the submission. It violates our style rules, by inverting an animate object. It also has a technical count of nine, because of the many different tinctures which are used in the motley. This could also be grounds for return.

Yasmin al­Shillaliyyah. Device. Per chevron vert and azure a chevron and in base a dragonfly argent.

This conflicts with Katla von der See (SCA) Per chevron enhanced vert and azure, in pale a chevron throughout and a gull volant argent., with just one CD for type of charge in base but nothing for the "enhancement".

MIDDLE

Ariadne Danebod. Name.

This is being returned for using a unique name. Danebod is a late form of an epithet applied to Þyri, wife of the 10th c. king Gorm the Old. The earliest form is Danmarkar bót, with a runic version tanmarkaR but. In younger sources the epithet becomes Danabot, Danebot, etc. In the entire body of literature surveyed in DGP, the byname is applied uniquely to this one person. The literal meaning of the phrase is `Denmark's bettering', `Denmark's cure'; it seems very unlikely that such a byname would have been used of anyone but a very prominent national hero(ine) therefore, its use in the SCA can be viewed as presumptuous and in violation of RfS VI, 4., Other Presumptuous Names.

Celeste Dougherty. Device. Per bend sinister vert and azure, a goat rampant argent, maintaining in its forehooves a lyre Or.

This conflicts with Etaoin of Lough Gara (SCA) Lozengy Or and azure, a sheep salient maintaining a drop spindle, threaded of its own wool, argent., with but one CD for the field. Please instruct the submitter if she resubmits with a lyre to draw a more standard one, or present documentation that the one she used here is a period lyre.

Dzinovia Dubrovna. Device. Argent, an oak tree vert trunked sable, on a chief vert a decrescent argent between two triskelions arrondi.

This conflicts with Roswitha Goldfink (SCA) Argent, a willow tree proper, on a chief vert three roses Or., with once CD for the changes to the tertiaries, and nothing for change of type to the tree.

Elena de Vexin. Badge. (Fieldless) On a mullet of eight points Or a fleur­de­lys purpure.

This conflicts with Tatiana of the Swans (SCA) Azure, on a sun Or, a mullet of four points purpure charged with a swan naiant argent., with one CD for removing the field, nothing for variant forms of sun, nothing for type only of tertiary on the complex charges and nothing for the quaternary charge.

Eliahu ben Itzhak. Augmentation of Device. Or, on a mullet of six points sable a griffin segreant contourny Or, as an argumentation on a chief embowed argent a pale gules, overall a dragon passant vert, in chief a coronet Or.

The basic question raised by this submission is can an augmentation break the rule of tincture? While there is period evidence of the arms of the Empire (Or, an eagle displayed sable) being used as an augmentation (and the proposed augmentation here is the arms of the Middle Kingdom, minus the laurel wreath), only one example of period use of an augmentation breaking the rule of tincture was found. Barring documentation of large numbers of period augmentations that break the rule of tincture, we are unwilling to register this practice. However, if a canton or a chief of a color was placed on the field, a charged escutcheon of Argent a pale gules, overall a dragon passant vert, in chief a coronet Or. would be registerable.

Kirsten Thorsteinsdottir. Device. Per chevron azure and argent, two compass stars argent and a lion's head erased gules.

This conflicts with Alrikr af Stjarnaheimi (SCA) Per chevron throughout azure and argent, two compass stars and a pithon embowed counterchanged., with just one CD for the changes to the single charge in base (as specified by the precedent in the LOAR cover letter of 9/6/90 which first created the possibility of such CDs.)

Middle Marches, Barony of. Badge. Argent, a chevron inverted gules, overall an arrow inverted, a bordure dovetailed sable.

This is being returned for a redraw. The chevron is drawn so low that if it had a plain line of partition and was drawn with the proper width, it would overlap the chevron inverted.

Oakford, Canton of. Device. Argent, a cross of four oak leaves within a laurel wreath vert, in base a ford.

This is being returned for a redraw. The laurel wreath is not vert, as blazoned on the LoI, but "argent, fimbriated vert", and a laurel wreath is far to complex to fimbriate.

Tormod of Kirk Andreas. Device. Argent, on a sun gules a dexter gauntlet clenched argent, a bordure rayonny gules.

This conflicts with Drstha Maida of the Lowara (SCA), Argent, upon a sun gules a dexter hand apaumy couped argent., with just one CD for the bordure. Even if this had not had a conflict we would have been forced to return this for a redraw. Please instruct the submitter how to properly draw a rayonny bordure. As draw, the bordure is not rayonny but wavy crested, which is not used in SCA heraldry.

WEST

Christopher of York. Device. Counter­ermine, a Bengal tiger head caboshed "orange" marked sable, a bordure ermine.

This is being returned for not using a standard heraldic tincture. While blazoned on the LoI as a Bengal head proper, the head was not Or, but orange. On the 3/97 cover letter, it was rules that we would no longer register Bengal tiger's proper, e.g. orange. Therefore, we are forced to return this submission.

The following items are pended until the December 1997 meeting for additional research:

MIDDLE

Gabriel of Vest Yorvik. Device. Quarterly Or and azure, a pegasus courant argent within a bordure counterchanged.

Blazoned on the LoI as Quarterly azure and Or, a pegasus courant argent within a bordure counterchanged., the correct blazon is above.