Please instruct the submitter to make the line of division lower and the pean spots smaller.

This is clear of Morgana Bro Morgannwg, Or, seven stalks of wheat sable issuant from a crescent vert. The stalks are large enough to be counted as co-primaries, therefore there is one CD for changes to the field and one for addition of the wheat.

While heraldic titles of the type <tincture> <charge> are no longer acceptable where the tincture is specified with the usual terminology of English blazon, titles where the tincture is specified with an everyday word are. Changing panther to the French panthère was a minor change, which the submitters allowed; it also made the title follow such known English examples as Rouge Croix Pursuivant and Rouge Dragon Pursuivant. We were thus able to register this.

As noted, Gullinkambi is Old Norse for 'Golden Comb'. While names of deities are not as such appropriate for heraldic titles, names of the type <tincture> <charge> are, when both tincture and charge are specified in everyday language. We also allow heraldic titles in languages where such titles were not used.

While heraldic titles of the type <tincture> <charge> are no longer generally acceptable unless the tincture is specified with an everyday word, Ansteorra has already several heralds' titles of the type Sable <charge>.

As the submitter requested an authentic German name, the given name was changed in Kingdom to Kassandra. However, considering the variation in period spelling, the originally submitted Cassandra is equally acceptable, so we have changed the name back. The name may not be entirely authentic, though, since we did not find evidence that Cassandra with any spelling was used in Germany. The byname most likely means 'of the Canal' and does not refer to the river Rhine.

Listed on the LoI as a badge, this is actually a device.

This is clear of Karl Habicht von Ammergau Azure, three swallows migrant within a bordure argent. There is one CD for the change in line of the bordure, and a second for change in type of the primary charge. The swallows have a very pronounced forked tail, which makes them visually quite distinct from hawks.

Please inform the submitter to make the bordure wider and the ermine spots smaller. There should be at least one full ermine spot on the bordure.

While the mini-emblazon gave the appearance that the mascles extended to the edge of the shield, the large emblazon had the mascles appropriately separated from the edge of the shield.

Please instruct the submitter to draw a thicker bordure with larger and fewer engrailings.

Submitted as Simon Ker Bouchard, no evidence was given for the combination of an Irish byname followed by a French surname of apparently patronymic origin. Dauzat (Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille et des prénoms de France) tells that the initial element ker is a Breton word meaning "village"; Morlet (Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille) notes further that it is cognate to the caer found in Britain. It is stated to frequently appear in toponymic formations for the names of domains followed by the name of an ancient owner. As Bouchard is an ancient baptismal name, Kerbouchard would seem to follow such known examples as Kerdavid and Kerjean.

Submitted as Tiberios Sabbatius, the given name was in a transliterated Greek spelling while the byname was in its Latin form. We have changed this spelling, not attested in period documents, to entirely Greek. The submitter requested an authentic Byzantine name for c. 1100, but while Sabbatios is registerable it is unlikely to have been used in either spelling later than about 750.

Please instruct the submitter that most period depictions of a bendy field have an even number of bends.

Submitted as Silvestre Rodriguez Gonçalvez de Oliveira, the submitter requested an authentic Portuguese name for about 1200. However, a combination of a given name followed by two patronymics and a locative byname is excessive for Iberia during most of our period, let alone this early. We have therefore dropped the second patronymic.

Submitted as Étáin ingen Dhálaigh, she requested an authentic 10th—11th century Irish name. As spelling Dhálaigh with the h's appears to have been come to use later in our period we have substituted an earlier spelling.

Submitted as Falen MacFergus of Sligo, the submitter requested an authentic Anglicised Gaelic name. However, Faílenn was no longer used as a given name by the time names were Anglicised. We were therefore left with various choices. One, we could change the name to Old English orthography (giving something like Fælen); two, modern English orthography (Fallen, Fellen or something like that); or three, we could assume this is a 16th century revival of an ancient Irish name and Anglicise it according to the practice of that era. The third alternative sounds most appealing, given that the Society is interested in pre-17th century culture and that the submitter requested an English spelling, not Old English.

In Anglicising this name, we can follow the example of the surname O Faoileáin, cited in Woulfe and Anglicised c. 1600 to O Foylane and O Fylane. The Gaelic form has the genitive form of Faoileán, a name rather close to the submitted Faílenn, for which O Corráin and Maguire have a modern spelling of Faoileann. These are close enough that we feel comfortable in extrapolating from the Anglicised forms.

Based on these examples we have formed a hypothetical late 16th century anglicisation Fylan. It should be noted that even after Anglicisation the name is still pronounced Fee-l@n (in which the @ is intended to be upside-down e, or the so-called schwa vowel).

Please instruct the submitter to draw a thicker bordure.

Submitted as Gudrun Othosdottir, she requested an authentic Norse name. We have therefore made the name consistently Old Norse by changing both elements to spellings found in Geirr Bassi.

Her old name is released.

Submitted as Mary Grace Gatland, the submitter requested an authentic pre-1550 English name. Since double given names in England were vanishingly rare in 16th century and virtually nonexistent earlier, we chose to interpret Grace as a byname. This still left us with multiple options: Mary Grace atte Gatland would be an early form, and dropping any one of the elements would be a good 16th century one. We have opted for a slightly less usual 16th century form and added the preposition of.

Please instruct the submitter that the style would be much more authentic if all three thistles were drawn upright.

His old device, Chevronelly raguly azure and Or, a crescent between three birds migrant to base sable, is retained as a badge.

Please ask the submitter to draw the dragon a little smaller to fit more comfortably in the space.

Please advise the submitter to draw the flames so that they do not overlap and obscure the front leg.

Submitted as Alexander Macrae, the name would have conflicted with Alexander MacKai, registered in March 1999. We have therefore changed the byname to another documented variant.

Submitted as Hilderun aus dem Alpenwald, she requested an authentic German name. We have therefore changed the preposition aus, widely used in the Society but rarely if ever used in period, to the documented and widely used zu.

Submitted as Alric Rolf von Merzig, the submitter requested an authentic 12th—13th century German name. Double given names were not used at that time, so we had to drop one; while we could not document Alric in any spelling to the desired time period in Germany, we retained it nevertheless, working under the assumption that the submitter is already known by his first given name and would therefore prefer to keep it instead of the slightly more authentic Rolf.

The submitter provided documentation from Gentry, Book on Armory (1586), where they list an example of crescents in this exact form.

Submitted as Arthur the Red, he requested an authentic Welsh name. We have therefore dropped the article.

Submitted as Colin MacKenzie of Eilean Donan, but as Eilean Donan appears to be the clan seat of the MacKenzies the name would have implied membership in the immediate family of the clan chief. Since Colin MacKenzie has already been registered in March 1999, we had to drop the clan name instead of the locative.

Please inform the submitter to draw more embattlements.

Submitted under the name Pythias Of Rotterdam.

Originally blazoned as eradicated, an examination of the emblazon shows that the base of the tree matches the SCA default with only a little of the root showing.

Submitted as Mary Catherine of Mull, she wishes an authentic 13th–15th century name. Since double given names were not used in Britain in that time period we have dropped the second one.

Her old name is released.

Submitted as Svanhildr Valdimarsdottir, the submitter requested an authentic 9th century name. However, Valdimarr was not used in Scandinavia quite that early. We have made this a fine late Viking name by adding an accent to Valdimarsdóttir.

Submitted as Althea The Harper, the name Althea in any spelling is likely to be post-period; however, we are uncertain enough to give her the benefit of the doubt. Even so, we have changed the spelling of the given name to a form documented to at least our grey period and changed the article to lowercase. The name would be much better as Alatheia Harper, but she didn't request an authentic name.

The submission was made on very old forms, but we are treating this as a hardship case and therefore choose to register it despite this administrative problem.

Submitted under the name Alexandria nic Alleyn.

The forms have the name as Ancelin Tighearnan de Briquessart. While the Kingdom decision to drop Tighearnan was a correct one, this change should have been mentioned in the LoI. Also, the submission was made on very old forms, but we are treating this as a hardship case and therefore choose to register it despite this administrative problem.

Submitted as Delphine de la Forêt Verte, no evidence was submitted that 'Green Forest' would be a meaningful place name. However, Dauzat & Rostaing, Dicyionnaire etymologique de noms de Lieux en France, lists places named la Forêt in various spellings from 9th century onwards. We have therefore dropped the adjective.

Submitted under the name Eadward Boicewright.

Submitted under the name Edward of Wyvernskeep.

Listed in the LoI as Halfdan Redshield, he originally submitted the given name as Haldan. While Geirr Bassi has the name with an f, the originally submitted form is a period Danish spelling as well. We have therefore changed the name back to that form.

This is clear of Constantine FitzPayn, Lozengy argent and vert, on a pale argent a scaling ladder sable. There is a substantial difference between a beacon and a scaling ladder, therefore there is a CD for the field and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Submitted under the name Karius Boromeus.

While no hard evidence was supplied that the name of Palestine — as opposed to the place itself — is period, Kenneth Nebenzahl, Maps of the Holy Land, has several 16th century maps showing the Latin form Palestina.

Submitted as Moira nic Kissock. However, all known period spellings for the patronymic have the first vowel as e and the second vowel as either e, a or ai; we have therefore changed Kissock to Kessak, a documented period spelling.

Submitted as Silka of the Lost Woods, there was no evidence that the Lost Woods would be a reasonable place name. However, Ekwall (s.n. Lostwithiel) dates Lostwetell to 1194 and Lostwhidiel to 1269 and says of this name "The name goes with Witheil SW. of Bodmin ... and Lostwithiel would be 'the end (lit. the tail) of Withiel'. Co lost means 'a tail'." Lostwode would thus seem a plausible hypothetical place name, although with a different meaning than intended. Since she is interested in the sound of the name we can make this change.

Please instruct the submitter to begin the line of division further down the shield. As drawn, the line of division is just barely registerable.

His old name is released.

This is clear of Loran Goldwood, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter, Per fess argent and azure, a tree Or leaved vert. While it is true that changing just the trunk of a tree does not normally generate difference, the tincture of Arthur's tree is per fess vert and argent, i.e., 1/2 vert and 1/2 argent; therefore there is a CD for change of tincture of at least 1/2 the charge.

Submitted as Constance de Saint-Denis, we have dropped the hyphen to conform to period practice.

Submitted as Raffaella di Napoli, we have changed the preposition to match known period practice.

Her old name is released.

Submitted under the name Tahira bint Ibrahim al-Ixbily.

Their current device, Sable, a laurel wreath Or between five mushrooms, two, two, and one, argent, is released.

Submitted under the name Gwyneth ferch Aeddan, the name was submitted with the 1 January 2000 LoI from Lochac. That letter, however, was never sent to the College for commentary and thus has been postponed. Because the letter has not been sent out as of this writing, we cannot simply pend the device as it will be over four months before the name is ruled upon. We can, however, form a holding name, as Laurel has the forms that both allow the formation of a holding and indicate what it could be.

His current device, Sable crusilly argent, a horned demon's head, in chief three fleurs-de-lys Or, a bordure ermine, is released.

When his device was changed, no mention was made of the fate of his former device. Upon looking at the forms, it appears that the correct thing to do is release them.

This was returned last month because the name was never submitted to the College of Arms; it was placed on the Lochac letter of intent dated January 1 which was never sent to the College of Arms. Since the May LoAR, however, the problem with the letter has been fixed (it will go out as a July letter) and we felt it was inappropriate to punish the submitter for a problem that was not his fault. As he will take a holding name, we are new registering the device under a holding name until his name is considered in November.

Submitted as Alyss MacConnigh Uallas, she requested an authentic Scots name. The submitted name mixed Anglicised and Gaelic spellings in a manner that was not used in period; moreover, the given name and the patronymic were of different genders. We have dropped the patronymic and changed the name to an entirely English spelling.

Submitted as Astrid in hásvarta Thorvaldsdóttir, the earlier Laurel suggestion hásvarta had a typo in it; the correct spelling of the epithet would be hársvarta. Since she requests an authentic name, we have made the name temporally consistent by changing the spelling of given name and patronymic as well, to those used by Geirr Bassi.

Submitted under the name Caitriona Campbell of Argyll

His old name is released.

Submitted as Dermot mac Murchertaig, he requested an authentic Irish name. We have therefore changed the given name to make the spelling entirely Gaelic.

Please instruct the submitter that the chevron should start further down the field, and ask him not to distort the depiction of the thistle.

Submitted as Graelond Forester, he requested an authentic name. We have therefore changed the name to one of the actual period forms suggested by the documentation provided by the Academy of S. Gabriel.

Her current device, Per fess azure and vert, a fess bretessed between a lion couchant guardant grasping in its forepaws a quatrefoil slipped and leaved, and a lamp argent, is released.

Her current device, Per pale azure and vert, a Tau cross Or between two horned mantygers rampant guardant argent, is released.

The device conflicts with the former device for Nicholas Bawcock of Petersfield, Gyronny vert and gules, a boar statant guardant within a bordure Or. Nicholas, however, changed his device in October of 1997, but the former device was never released or converted to a badge. As his forms requested that the device be released, we are releasing it now (see the list of actions for Lochac), thus Johannes' device can be registered.

Michael Mace would be a much better form of this name, but he does not request an authentic one.

Michael is a Knight in the Society and therefore can use the reserved charge of a closed loop of chain.

There are not marshalled arms by Laurel precedent: [Registering Quarterly azure and argent, a cross couped between in bend two towers and in bend sinister two roses all counterchanged.] This comes perilously close to having the appearance of marshalled arms. The fact that the cross here is used as a charge rather than the default cross throughout (which is considered an ordinary) saves it from falling afoul of XI.3. No evidence was found by any of the commenters that crosses couped were used in the same way as crosses throughout, crosses paty throughout, or crosses engrailed throughout were in marshalled arms (March 1994, p. 10, s.n. Margarethe of Lynwood Keep). Similarly, no evidence was found indicating that crosses flory were used in marshalled arms.

Submitted as Anna ingen uí Reachthain, she requested an authentic 14th century Irish name. We could not find Anna in that time period in Ireland, but Áine is similar enough that it has been in modern times thought an Irish form. While this is not the case we feel we can do the change. Mac Reachthain, in turn, is a corruption of earlier Mac Nechtain, and while we don't know when the corruption occurred we found only examples of the original form in the desired time. We have therefore changed the byname as well.

His old name is released.

Submitted as Lisete de l'abbe Saint Trond, she requested an authentic French name. have therefore changed the byname — which means 'of the Abbot of Saint Trond', not 'of the Abbey' as the submitter thought — to the normal period one 'of Saint Trond'. As no documentation was provided for spelling the given name with only one t, we have added another.

This is clear of Catriona Mairghread nic Dhuibh of Moray, Argent, a phoenix azure rising from flames proper and on a chief invected azure a pair of scissors argent. There is one CD for changes to the tertiaries and a second CD for the change in the line of division between invected and wavy.

Submitted as Eleanor of Bolton, she requested an authentic Anglo-Norman name. We have therefore changed the preposition to match that time period.

Submitted as Gabriel le Beau, she requested a female name. We have therefore changed both elements to feminine forms.

This is clear of Ulrich Jarman, Gules, a bend sinister between two mounted knights courant Or. There is a CD for the type of the secondary charges and a second for changing the posture of half the secondary charge group.

Submitted as Bjorn Egillson, he requested an authentic name. We have therefore changed the spelling to be consistently Old Norse.

The spelling of the byname is modern; Ackburne would be a period one.

Submitted as Francois Babtiste Lerenard, we have changed the name back to match the supplied documentation. The letter from the Academy of Saint Gabriel was summarized insufficiently enough that we would have pended this, but Nebuly provided enough documentation that we can register it.

Please inform the submitter that the smaller crosses in a cross of Jerusalem should not touch the larger cross.

Submitted as Leonidas Mantinea, we have changed the locative byname to its grammatically correct Latin form.

The question was raised in commentary whether a name which uses a doubled name element should really be clear if either of the doubled element taken singly with the rest of the name is a conflict. As several commenters considered this submission unacceptable for this reason, we are initiating discussion on the matter in the cover letter to this LoAR. However, as with other rules changes, the current rules will be applied to the submission that initiates the change. By these, this name does not conflict.

Please inform the submitter that the strings of the harp should be rotated 90 degrees from the way they are depicted, so that they issue from the soundboard.

Submitted in the LoI as Oshaya de Carcassone, we have changed the spelling of the locative back to the usual form, as used in the submission forms.

Ferrule found in Parker, A Glossary of Terms used in Heraldry, a 16th century citation of a charge called a "masculyn fleur-de lisé," which consists of a mascle with the ends terminating in fleur-d-lys. The depiction showed this charge (without the saltire) rotated 90 degrees. Therefore this arrangement is only one remove from period practice and is registerable.

Submitted as Reinhard von Lowenhaupt, the name was intended to mean 'Reinhard the Lion-Head'. As he requested an authentic 15th century German name we have not only dropped von (which means 'of', not 'the') but also changed the hypothetical byname to another one with the same meaning that was actually used in 1413.

Submitted as Thorunn Vigadottir, she requested an authentic Viking name. We have therefore changed the spelling of both elements to match the documentation provided by both Metron Ariston and the Saint Gabriel letter. The latter was badly enough summarized in the LoI that we would have pended this name if the same information had not been provided in commentary.

Submitted as Usama Al-Rasid, we have changed the spelling of the byname to match the supplied documentation.

Conflict with the badge for the Gilded Leaf of Caerthe (Barony of Caerthe), Sable, an aspen leaf inverted Or. There is no difference between an aspen leaf and a card pique inverted, as there is no evidence that the charges were considered different in period (in particular, there is no evidence that the aspen leaf was used as a charge in period), and visually the two charges are almost identical. Therefore, there is only 1 CD for fieldlessness. This is clear of Constance le Royer de la Tour, Azure, a tower argent issuant from a heart Or, because the tower and the heart are clearly co-primaries.

There is insufficient evidence for the period use of per bend enhanced to register it. The documentation listed a single example in Foster's Dictionary of Heraldry, and that was a case of per bend sinister enhanced with only one charge in base, not two charges. Other examples provided were all examples of displaced bends We also need to see documentation for the loves-lies-bleeding as a period plant because it is the first registration of the charge.

The towers were not conjoined in a standard fashion (with the bases slightly touching), but instead were each touching a large central area. As they also lacked internal detailing, the overall effect looked more like a pall (nowy) couped, the ends embattled. While it is not clear that the charge is inherently unidentifiable, this depiction is definitely unidentifiable, requiring at least a redraw.

A compass star cannot be pierced on a fieldless badge. The precedent was set in January 2000:

Current precedent is that we only allow the piercing of charges on fieldless badges when those charges were found pierced in period armory (thus disallowing omni-tinctured tertiary charges). While a compass star is closely related to a mullet, it is nevertheless a different charge, one not found in period armory. Therefore we are not inclined to give it the benefit of the doubt and allow it to be pierced as we would a mullet or spur rowel.

This is the defining instance of a jewelers saw; therefore, the item must be documented as a period artifact and evidence must be given showing that this emblazon matches period forms. The only documentation given for this artifact dates to the 18th century, well out of our period.

In addition, the nail appears to be a cross between a nail and a rivet. This type of nail must also be documented as a period artifact before it can be used in arms.

This device has multiple weirdnesses or rarities: a gyronny of sixteen with a central charge, a complexity count of eight, and identifiability problems with the primary charge. While none of these problems (with the possible exception of identifiability) would, by themselves, make the device returnable, the combination is fatal.

Bynames of the type of Clan X, not found in period, have been disallowed since late 1998. We would therefore dropped that element; however, as he allows no major changes we have to return this.

Bynames of the type of Clan X have been disallowed since late 1998. As she allows no major changes we have to return the name.

The decrescent obscures the low-contrast complex line of division. Placing a charge over the line of division is limited to when the overlying charge is very narrow (such as the handle of an axe). While the crescent was drawn rather thin, the overlap was still too much.

The tree is not within and conjoined to the annulet; it is slightly overall. This type of "slightly overall" charge has long been a cause for return.

No evidence was provided either by the submitters or the College that this would follow any of the known period patterns for the names of fighting units.

This conflicts with the Scottish cardiologist Sir James MacKenzie (1853-1925).

Conflict with Suzanne of Ravenhill, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter, Or, a raven contourny sable maintaining a broken tilting spear banded sable and gules. There is a CD for the addition of the base, but no CD for the removal of the maintained charge.

This conflicts with Mikjal Haraldson, registered in October 1995.

The given name had two problems. First, names from classical literature are not known to have been used in the Netherlands in period. This in itself would not have warranted a return by our rules, as Netherlands had access to classical authors. Second, Pythias in the context of Damon and — seems to be a misreading of Phinthias; the only classical references to Pythias refer to females.

Since the submitter wishes a male name but does not allow us to make the minor changes required for this, we have to return the name. We advise him to reconsider the name beyond this change.

His device has been registered under the holding name Daniel of Darach.

The robin is drawn small enough that it carries the same visual weight as a maintained charged and thus provides no difference. Therefore, there are numerous conflicts such as Wendryn Townsend, Azure, a sun in glory Or, and the flag of Macedonia, Gules, a sun of eight straight rays throughout Or. In both cases there is a CD for fieldlessness, but not a second for the robin.

When Laurel first accepted registration of astrological symbols, he did so based on a period example of the symbols being used essentially as decoration on a celestial sphere (or as identifying marks). Therefore their use as standard charges must be considered a weirdness. Using it in this non-standard fashion (the framing of one charge by another is itself very rare in period heraldly), is another weirdness, especially combined with another highly usual charge used in an unusual fashion. Overall, this design is too far from period practice to be registerable.

In general, winged objects should have a pair of wings which are of equivalent size to the main charge. There is only one wing on each of these harps, and the wing is far too small and badly formed. While the use of a single wing may be acceptable, the combination of a single wing and an unusually small one is not. It is also likely that the size itself would be cause for return.

Of the Scots variants of Alan, the -eyn spellings are all in French constructions and thus not be appropriate in a Gaelic byname construction. As she does not allow us to make spelling corrections we have to return this. Either Alexandria nic Allayn or Alexandria Alleyn would be possible. The submission was made on forms dated A.S. XXV. Please note that all submissions should by now be on the new ones.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Alexandria of Calontir.

I can do no better than quote Nebuly:

Contrary to the LoI, Boicewright is NOT a construct similar to Boatwright (builder of boats) or Wainwright (builder of wagons), since according to Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Boyes), the name Boice derives from a) Fr bois 'wood', b) ME 'young man' or 'servant', or c) 'knave, rogue, wretch'. None of these items is a thing that would be constructed from parts.

His device has been registered under the holding name Eadward of Forgotten Sea.

No documentation was provided to demonstrate that Wyvernskeep is a reasonably constructed placename. The College could not provide such evidence either.

His device has been registered under the holding name Edward of Crescent Moon.

This name conflicts aurally with that of the saint used to document the byname, Carolus Boromeus. Since the latter has his own entry in Encyclopædia Britannica he is important enough to be protected by our current standards.

His device has been registered under the holding name Karius of Lost Moor.

This item was withdrawn by the Kingdom.

Conflict with a badge for Bronwen o Gydweli, An antelope statant argent. By the precedent set in August 1991 LoAR (p. 21, s.n. Jervisa Wainwright), there is not a CD between an antelope and a yale, and by the precedent set in November 1995 (p. 13, s.n. Ciarán Dubh Ó Tuathail), the spots on a yale can be drawn or left off at the artist's discretion and thus do not generate difference.

The device violates RfS XI.3, Armory that appears to marshal independent arms is considered presumptuous. In this case, the device has the appearance of two completely separate coats of arms impaled.

Conflict with Johnathan Crusadene Whitewolf, Gules, ermined argent, a wolf rampant argent, and Robert Strongbow, Vert, a wolf rampant argent, grasping in its erect sinister forepaw a bow gules, held fesswise, and in its dexter forepaw a sheaf of three clothyard shafts Or, armed and flighted argent. In both cases there is a CD for the field, but nothing for the maintained charges in Robert's device. The device is also in conflict with Agravaine Rhiwallon, Per bend sinister azure and sable, a wolf rampant argent maintaining between his paws a sun argent eclipsed sable, in chief three lozenges argent, with a CD for the removal of the secondary charges but again nothing for the removal of the maintained charge.

Conflict with Peter Schneck, Sable, a schnecke issuant from dexter chief argent. There is but a single CD for the orientation of the schnecke.

Conflict with Aleta Ara of Helsgard, the Cruel, Argent, a horse salient sable upon a base embattled gules. The line of division is considered part of the charge by rule X.4.e, Type Changes, so there is only a single CD for changing the type of the peripheral charges.

Rosebuds have been forbidden as a change since July 1994, barring any evidence of them being used in period armory. In addition, while it is not a cause for return, the submitter should be informed that there are only a few examples of charged orles in period armory.

The standard transliteration for a byname of an Arab man from Seville would be al-Ishbili; a transliteration using x seems odd. Moreover, al-Ixbily has an i and a y for the same sound. This kind of mixing transliteration systems within a single name has been grounds for a return in the past.

As she does not allow any changes, we have to return the name. Her device has been registered under the holding name Tahira of Carolingia.

Although the sword in this submission is more recognizable as a sword than that of the previous submission, returned for the same reason, it does not remove the inherent problem that the sword appears to be part of a balance. This blurs the distinction between the two charges, making it unregisterable.

The bend sinister is far too enhanced to be registerable, barring evidence of the use of this motif in period armory. This motif has been reason for return for many years, for example see September 1992 LoAR (p. 37, s.n. Keridwen of Caermarthen).

This conflicts with Jehanne d'Avignon, registered in September 1989.

Conflict with David of Moorland, Vert, on a bend Or three Moor's heads couped sable. There is only one CD for the changes to the tertiaries.

Conflict with Thomas Wakefield, Azure, a winged wolf rampant to sinister, wings addorsed, argent, the head environed of a nimbus Or, within a bordure argent. There is not a CD for the removal of the nimbus, thus there is only a single CD for the orientation of the primary charge.

The submitter requested that her current device, Per pale sable and argent, an antelope statant counterchanged, be retained as a badge. She already, however, has three badges registered, thus she cannot have her current arms as a badge without violating the limit on the number of pieces of armory registered. Therefore were are returning the new device until she can indicate which armory should be released in order to register this one.

Since the Chief of Campbell is also the Duke of Argyll, the submitted name would imply membership in the immediate family of the chief. As she doesn't allow us to drop either Campbell or of Argyll we have to return this.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Caitriona of Grey Niche.

Conflict with Manus O'Kean, Checky Or and gules, a sagittary passant sable. There is only a CD for changes to the field.

As the name as a whole means 'Lady of Grove', this submission violates section VI.1 of the Rules for Submissions. For the same reason we cannot form a holding name by the standard method of combining her given name with her SCA branch, either. Thus the device must be returned as well.

Conflict with Wulf Beornsson, Or, a sprig of three poison ivy leaves inverted vert within a bordure sable. There is only a single CD for orientation of the sprig. Please instruct the submitter that the acorns on a properly fructed oak sprig would be only slightly smaller than the size of the leaves.

This is not a flame proper, it is a flame gules fimbriated Or. A flame proper typically consists of alternating tongues of flame in gules and Or. This has been grounds for return for many years.

The charge was originally blazoned as a phoenix and reblazoned at Kingdom as an eagle. The actual depiction is neither one nor the other, but is in fact a modern stylized drawing which blurs the two. Thus this violates RfS VIII.4.d, Obtrusive Modernity (Modern Style) as well as RfS VIII.3, Armorial Identifiability.

The device has three different types of charge in the same charge group, violating the rule of thumb in RfS VIII.1.a. Armorial Simplicity, ... As another guideline, three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group.

The line of the division is not blazonable:

The field is not really chaussé, it is not per chevron inverted, it is not a pile, it is not a chief triangular; being somewhere between all of these, we really don't know what it is. Chaussé issues from the corners of the chief and would touch the base point of the shield; per chevron inverted would issue from the sides of the field (rather than the chief corners); a pile would issue from farther in on the chief (rather [than] from the corners) and would almost touch the base point of the shield and would not have room for a charge beneath it; and a chief triangular would not descend the field nearly so far as the one here does. Please have them choose one and reemblazon it properly. [The device was returned for this problem alone] (October 1990 LoAR, p.21, s.n. Shire of the Storm).

This conflicts with the already registered names Order of the Defenders of Mons Tonitrus and Order of the Defenders of the West. Also, while such order names have been registered in the past it is not clear that this construction follows real-world examples.

No evidence was supplied as to why 'the Accursed' would be a reasonable byname. Even if such evidence had been found, the grammatically correct form would be Verdammte.

This is returned for a redraw under Rule VIII.4, Excessive Modernity. No evidence was presented, nor could we find any, that this depiction of ivy is either heraldic or naturalistic.

No evidence was submitted as to why 'a social event featuring food, drink, and music' would be a reasonable byname.

The lizard is not in a blazonable position. The drawing is not really as seen from above, but rather from a three-quarter view.

The device uses azure semy-de-lys Or on a charge, which is forbidden as it appears to be a claim to have an augmentation from France: The period examples are so numerous that I feel I must uphold the Society's ban on gold fleurs-de-lys on blue backgrounds — and make it explicit. Neither France Ancient (Azure semy-de-lys Or) nor France Modern (Azure, three fleurs-de-lys Or) may be used in SCA heraldry, either as the field (or part thereof) or on a charge. To do so constitutes a claim to connection to French royalty, prohibited under Rule XI.1. (July 1992 LoAR, p.23, s.n. Raoul de Chenonceaux)

No evidence was supplied that mythological names as such were used as heralds' titles.

Grammatically the title should be Vox Maris. However, the title has style problems as well as grammatical ones. To quote Mistress Jaelle of Armida, Laurel Queen of Arms, quoting Master Da'ud ibn Auda, Laurel King of Arms:

[Artemisia, Kingdom of. Title for Vox Grypis Herald] This is being returned for non period style. In a similar case, Master Da'ud as Laurel said:

[returning Vox Draconis Pursuivant] The previous version, Dragon's Voice Pursuivant, was returned 3/95 for failure to emulate period models as required by RfS III.2.b.iii; translation into Latin doesn't bring it any closer. It was suggested that it might derive from a motto Vox draconis sum `I am the voice of the dragon', but the period examples noted all comprise the entire motto, and no evidence was presented that Vox draconis sum is a reasonable imitation of a period motto. (Caid, Kingdom of, 10/95 p. 18)

Barring documentation that this follows period exemplar of heraldic titles, it must be returned. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998)

The flame was drawn as Or fimbriated gules, rather than alternating tongues of Or and gules. This depiction has been grounds for return in the past.

The swords were blazoned as Or instead of proper.

The fess was blazoned as argent ermined azure.