Cerridwen has been ruled SCA compatible in this spelling as well as the more usual ones.

Submitted as Fi{n'}e ingen Choncatha, we have corrected the typo in the LoI and moved the accent to the proper letter.

This is clear of Riordan Robert MacGregor, Quarterly purpure and argent, a ram's head caboshed sable armed Or. There is one CD for changes to the field, and a second for the addition of significant flames. Laurel in May 1998 registered a badge for the College of St. Bunstable, A chalice purpure enflamed Or, with the comments Against Dorcas Dorcadas, Or a goblet purpure, jeweled proper, there is a CD for fieldlessness, and one for the addition of the significant flames. Similarly, Magnus' flames are significant enough to generate a CD.

Submitted as Diarmuid de Rosas, this name had two separate problems. First, there was no evidence that the spelling Diarmuid was period. Second, and more importantly, mixed Irish / Spanish names are not allowed (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR of July 1997).

Fortunately for the submitter, Ó Corráin and Maguire, Irish Names, list period forms of the given name. Even more fortunately, Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, under Ross, dates the form Rossa to 1135—40. We can therefore register the name with minor changes.

Submitted as Niamh ingen Ragallach, we have changed the byname to a documented genitive form.

This is clear of Löwe des Berges, Sable, a bendlet between a lion rampant and three mountain peaks conjoined chased and snow-capped argent. The charge in dexter base is actually a mountain of three peaks thus there are CDs for number and type of secondary charges.

This is a change from their currently registered badge, (Tinctureless) A mullet of five greater and five lesser points distilling gouttes. While the new badge has a number of conflicts and style problems, all of them also apply to the registered badge (in fact, the new badge is simply one of several valid depictions of the original badge).

Submitted under the name Béoán mac Tarbh, the name was returned in October 2000.

Submitted under the name Hans Faust von Bamberg, the name was returned in October 2000.

Please instruct the submitter to draw a shallower triangular chief.

Submitted as Cadlae O Seancain, no documentation was provided for the byname. However, MacLysaght, The Surnames of Ireland, under (O) Shannon, has Ó Seanacháin. We have changed the name to match this and put it to a feminine form.

Submitted as Galen O Seancain, no documentation was provided for the byname. However, MacLysaght, The Surnames of Ireland, under (O) Shannon, has Ó Seanacháin. We have changed the name accordingly.

Submitted as for the Order of the Silver Stars of Mons Tonitrus.

Submitted as Teh-Mu-Ginn Burgud Jerekh, the question was raised whether Temugin was a restricted name. However, the March 1998 registration of Timujin Timortologai overturned that precedent after considering new evidence. However, no evidence was given for using hyphens in the transliteration. We have changed the spelling to a likely period one.

Her former device, Per chevron inverted vert, and purpure ermined Or, a decrescent argent and a mullet Or, is released.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the fountain with water in order to improve its identifiability.

Please instruct the submitter to make the chief larger.

Submitted as Caitilín inghean ui Laoghaire, we have changed the patronymic particle back to the form supported by the submitted documentation.

There was commentary stating that the foot was drawn too much in profile; however, there are real-world depictions of legs showing all the toes. Therefore this is (barely) acceptable, but the submitter should be instructed to draw the foot more solidly in profile. The ankle and wings are acceptable as drawn.

Nice armory!

Her former device, Per fess argent and azure, three fleurs-de-lys, one and two, and a mountain couped counterchanged, is released.

His former name is released.

Her former name is retained as an alternate name.

Please instruct the submitter to draw more waves on the fess.

Please inform the submitter that vair more commonly follows the line of the bend instead of being palewise.

His former name is retained as an alternate name.

The badge is to be associated with his new alternate name Grégoire de Conteville.

Her former device, Gules, a sword palewise surmounted by a threaded needle bendwise and a quill bendwise sinister all argent, within a bordure Or, is released. As the new device is just a field change from her current device, the use of these three charges in this arrangement is grandfathered to her.

Her former badge, Gules, a coney couchant maintaining in its forepaws a rose bendwise argent, slipped, leaved and barbed vert, within a bordure Or, is released.

Nice armory!

The badge is clear of Christopher Edward Hawkins, Sable, a decrescent Or, with one CD for number and a second for orientation of the crescents. None of Rabah's crescents are in the same orientation as a decrescent.

His former name is released.

This is clear of Gregor ban Tymparum, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. Gules, a dexter arm, armoured and gauntleted and issuant from sinister argent, sustaining a chalice Or, from which issues a dragon's tail vert fimbriated argent. The cup and tail are large enough to count as coprimaries, so there is a CD for the field and another for number of primary charges.

Her former device, Or, an estoile gules, on a chief rayonny sable three roundels Or, is released.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the compass star larger.

Submitted as Dyfed MacDonald, the only documentation for Dyfed was as a place name; we have therefore changed it to a documented period Welsh form of David.

Submitted as Eílís inghean ui hÁdhmaill, the spelling of the given name was not documented; we have changed it to one listed in Woulfe's Irish Names and Surnames. We have changed the byname to a grammatically correct form as well.

The question was raised in commentary whether this name conflicts with the British industrialist Sir Ian MacGregor (1912—1998), listed in Encyclopaedia Britannica. However, in the April 1996 LoAR Talan Gwynek, then Pelican King of Arms, ruled that Eoin and Ian are significantly different in sound as well as appearance.

Submitted as Jeneé la Potière, the given name was submitted under the Mundane Name Allowance. We have therefore changed the given name to the spelling used in her driver's license and dropped the accent, which would be incorrectly placed in a French context anyway.

Nice armory!

The issue was raised in commentary that this name is in conflict with Margaret Rau, a contemporary author of children's literature. Determining whether such persons are important enough is somewhat difficult, as general encyclopaedias are necessarily much more vague about contemporary than historical persons. There are, however, two relevant prior rulings.

Patrick MacManus. Name.

Conflict with Patrick F. McManus, a well-known modern writer of humor. His name is apparently to recent to appear yet in any of our standard sources, but he is clearly well known enough warrant protection. (Even Lord Laurel who has read none of his works, is familiar with all of the titles mentioned by the commenters.)

(Da'ud ibn Auda, March 1992 LoAR; the name was returned)

Thorarinn Gunnersson. Name.

The name was submitted as Thorarinn Gunnarsson on the LoI, but his form has Gunnersson, which is also documentable. We do not consider the modern author of fantasy and science fiction important enough to protect.

(Talan Gwynek, August 1996; the name was registered)

In the current case neither the author nor her works were widely recognised within the College, as appears to have happened in the first of these prior rulings. We therefore register the name.

Please inform the submitter that a properly drawn compass star is not composed of a mullet of four points saltirewise surmounted by a mullet of four points.

Nice armory!

This was pended from the June 2000 LoAR.

Her former name is retained as an alternate name.

Please instruct the submitter to make the chief larger.

This does not conflict with Huldah von Jal, Per bend sinister sable and gules, a thunderbolt Or. While we consider piles to conflict with chaussé fields, a field with a pile is not reblazonable as having chaussé field, as there is an artistic distinction that we enforce (namely that the pile does not issue from the corners of the chief). Therefore, the devices are clear by X.2.

Note that had Roiberd's device been Barry vert and Or, on a pile inverted sable a thunderbolt Or it would have been in conflict with Huldah because Roiberd's device would have had the equally valid blazon Per chevron barry vert and Or and sable, a thunderbolt Or so there would have been only a single CD for the change in the field.

This is clear of Kriemhild of Stonecroft, Vert, a mullet of nine points throughout Or, thereon a turkeycock's head [Gallopavo meleagris] erased proper, and Adolphus of Brocken, Vert, on a mullet of four points Or, a fer-a-loup gules. In both cases there is a CD for an estoile of five points versus a mullet of a different number of points (nine and four respectively), and a second for changes of type and color of the tertiary charges.

Please instruct the submitter to draw larger gouttes.

Submitted as Dunstan D'Argentine, we have changed the byname to a form supported by the forms Argentine (header spelling) and de Argentein (1274) found in Reaney and Wilson's A Dictionary of English Surnames.

Nice armory!

Submitted as Lili of Eastham, no documentation was provided for the spelling of the given name. We have therefore changed it to a form dated to 1247 in Reaney and Wilson's A Dictionary of English Surnames.

Please instruct the submitter to draw fewer and deeper engrailings on the chevron; while ordinaries will typically have more engrailings on them than embattlements or waves, there are just too many here.

Submitted as Robert of the Quill, no documentation was provided for the byname. However, as Argent Snail notes, the OED dates the word quill to 1412, although as a part of a reed instead of the meaning we are now used to. As a feather, the OED dates it to 1552. They also date the word to 1610 as a heraldic charge from Guilliam (a quill of yarn). Inn signs were frequently based on heraldic charges, and we have changed the byname accordingly.

Submitted as Theresa Boncheval, she had originally submitted Tessa Boncheval. This earlier submission was returned in Kingdom for mixing Italian and French. However, as these two cultures had significant contact with each other in period, the combination is registerable. However, no documentation was provided for the byname. We have therefore changed the given name back to the originally submitted form and the byname to Cheval, listed in Dauzat's Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille et des prénoms de France.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the bordure larger.

The holding name was originally formed in June, 2000, because through no fault of the submitter or the submissions herald, the device reached Laurel before the name.

Submitted as Madeleine du Lac d'Agenais, no justification was submitted for the name construction "of Lake <Province>". As <Surname> de <Province> is justifiable we have changed du Lac to the period surname Dulac.

Please instruct the submitter to draw fewer, larger ermine spots on the fess. Also, please instruct the submitter to draw a lower jaw on the leopard's head.

This was registered in May, 2000. This registration was in error; it was based on a letter of intent that reached Laurel but not the rest of the College of Arms and this omission was missed for this item. This is unfortunate because the device is in conflict with the badge Graidhne ni Ruaidh, A dragon rampant to sinister gules maintaining a straight trumpet Or; however, by the Grandfather clause we cannot retroactively unregister the device.

Submitted as William the Admirer, no evidence was given as to why the byname "is an SCA acceptable epithet." As the submitter is mostly interested in the sound of the name, we have changed the byname to a similar-sounding period one found in Reaney and Wilson's Dictionary of English Surnames.

The holding name was originally formed in June, 2000, because through no fault of the submitter or the submissions herald, the device reached Laurel before the name.

Submitted on the LoI as Coinneach de Stratherne, the byname was originally submitted as of Strathearn. As Black's The Surnames of Scotland lists Patrick of Strathern (1331) and Thom of Strathern (1474) and gives Strathearn as the current spelling of the name, we feel justified in changing the byname back to the original form.

Submitted as Isabele nic Giolla Bhríde, the byname mixed Anglicized and Gaelic spellings. As mixed-language name elements are not allowed we have changed the patronymic to an entirely Anglicized spelling.

Her former device, Per fess Or and purpure, in pale an urchin statant and an alaunt between a pair of flaunches, all counterchanged, is released.

This is clear of Szilágy Margit Per fess argent and sable, a raven rising, wings displayed, and a quill pen bendwise sinister counterchanged.; there are two CDs for change of type and orientation of the charge in base (that is, half the primary charge group).

His former badge, Per fess indented azure and argent, in chief three mullets one and two argent, within a bordure Or, is released.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the Jerusalem crosses so that it is clear that the smaller crosses are not conjoined to the large cross.

Submitted as Háls Styrkárson, we have changed the patronymic to a grammatically correct form.

Her former name is released.

This is clear of Meridies' augmentation, (Fieldless) Three mullets one and two argent. We do not conflict-check against augmentations by themselves. Even if we did, there would be a CD for the orientation of the charges as well as the CD for fieldlessness.

This was pended from the June 2000 LoAR.

Her former name is released.

The given name was ruled SCA compatible in this spelling in June 1996.

Please inform the submitter to draw all of the features of the sun Or, rather than partially Or and partially gules.

The Pictorial Dictionary says that one of the valid depictions of a sun eclipsed is a sun where the entire inner circle is a different tincture.

Submitted on the LoI as Maltesta, we have corrected the typo and changed the byname back to the originally submitted form.

Withdrawn by the submitting kingdom.

This is in conflict with Andreas Hak, registered December 1980. The given names are variants of each other, and not quite different enough to be clear; the bynames are in aural conflict.

Conflict with Johann Kiefer Hayden, Per bend sinister gules and azure, two owls contourny Or. While there is a CD between a swan and an owl, there is not the substantial difference between the two birds needed for X.2 to hold. Therefore, there is but a single CD for a change of type of the primary charges.

The wolf is neither passant nor courant but somewhere in between, blurring the distinction between them. Therefore the device is returned for a redraw as one or the other.

The household name is in conflict with the inn of White Hart. While none of the real-world inns of that name is important enough to protect under our current rules, the one featured in Arthur C. Clarke's Tales from the White Hart is.

No documentation was provided that Reann was used as a feminine given name in period.

No forms were sent to Laurel.

Mixing Russian and German, while not very plausible, is registerable under our rules. The byname was documented from a web site titled Magische Welt Ija Marcar, under Der dritte interaktive Netzroman. That is, "The Magical World Ija Marcar", "The Third Interactive Net Novel". While fantasy novels are not acceptable as documentation, a case was made for the byname as a hypothetical constructed locative as well. However, no forms were sent to Laurel, so we have to return the name.

No forms were sent to Laurel.

No forms were sent to Laurel.

The byname was documented from a web site titled Magische Welt Ija Marcar, under Der dritte interaktive Netzroman. That is, "The Magical World Ija Marcar", "The Third Interactive Net Novel". While fantasy novels are not acceptable as documentation, a case was made for the byname as a hypothetical constructed locative as well. The given name was only documented as an English byname, and we would have changed it to the German given name Evert. However, no forms were sent to Laurel, so we have to return it.

No forms were sent to Laurel.

An astrolabe has far too much internal detail to remain identifiable when tinctured in a fur.

No forms were sent to Laurel.

Conflict with Aethelstan of Axford, Quarterly azure and argent, an orle embattled on the inner edge counterchanged. An orle is a peripheral ordinary; therefore RfS X.1 (Addition of Primary Charge) does not apply. Thus there is only a single CD for removing the orle.

I can do no better than quote Escutcheon:

... there are serious problems with this name. First of all, the second element is "Sobaka" and NOT "Sobaku" (check Wickenden again). Secondly, the name may be masculine, but the word is feminine. This would normally not matter but as the client has added a descriptive anthroponym in front (obviously, they want to be "bad dog"), the proper gramatical construction is Plokhaia Sobaka. Finally, there is the question of whether one can construct a anthroponym in this fashion. There certainly are cases of compound (double-element) given names — where you see an adjective and noun combined together to create a given name — but nothing involving animals. Furthermore, the result is that the two words would be treated as a single element. As a result, there is no byname at all and only a single given name. As we do not register single-element names, this cannot be registered even if the grammar is corrected.

What might be registerable? A man named Sobaka who wanted to be "Sobaka the Bad" (as opposed to "bad dog") might exist. The name then would be Sobaka Plokhoi, but I can guarantee you that no modern Russian would be able to swallow this name and cannot even attest that it would be period as we have no cases of adjectival bynames being added to masculine names with feminine endings. Thus, we have no guide. What we can say with great certainty is that this name needs serious work.

Finally, a reminder that double Russian given names (as the client was trying to construct here) are not grammatically sound in the first place.

No forms were sent to Laurel.

The documentation was not adequately summarized in the LoI. Since the College did not provide documentation either, this will have to be returned as per the May LoAR cover letter. Further, no evidence was given or found by the College that the given name is actually a period diminutive of Ariane. Lastly, no forms were sent to Laurel.

Adrion is not in the article cited in the LoI. Further, Nichole is only documented from the 13th century, before double given names appeared. As she does not allow us to drop the first given name we have to return this.

There are two reasons for returning the device. First, on the large emblazon the charge in chief was still closer to a rosebud than a rose. Second, as we know of no period examples of schneckes with secondary or tertiary charges, we find the use of both in this device to be two steps beyond period practice. We may allow secondary or tertiary charges with a schnecke, but we doubt that the use of either is period practice.

As far as we know, maces were not made entirely of wood; therefore, there is no support for the head being brown. Furthermore, both cups and maces were rarely inverted in period, so inverting both may be excessive.

By the precedent set in the July 1997 LoAR, plural nouns are not allowed in order names. Also, according to RfS V.2.a, names of SCA branches are not descriptive elements; they are therefore invisible when determining whether a conflict exists. This name therefore conflicts with the US military decoration of Silver Star. While we do not intend to protect every military decoration, this is one of the few that is well enough known and prestigious enough to warrant protection.

These birds are not conjoined in annulo, they are connected by the legs. As such, this depiction is not blazonable. We would need evidence that this motif is a reasonable heraldic depiction as well as a valid blazon for it in order to register it. As his currently registered badge, Three birds close conjoined in annulo argent, has the birds connected head to tail, we cannot register this motif using the Grandfather Clause.

Conflict with Adelicia Gilwell, Gules, an owl Or, and Sabia Gunnhild Hunang, Gules, a Celtic hawk statant close reguardant Or. Originally blazoned as a hawk, the barony's bird is not clearly recognizable as a hawk: hawks do not normally have a vertical body and they have a prominent tail. The sword does not have the same visual weight as the bird, and so does not contribute to difference. Therefore there is but one CD for the addition of the ford.

These birds are not conjoined in annulo, they are connected by the legs. As such, this depiction is not blazonable. We would need evidence that this motif is a reasonable heraldic depiction as well as a valid blazon for it in order to register it.

The mountain was not identifiable as such. It needs to be a bit smaller and to have more crags, to distinguish it from a point pointed or a per chevron line division. In addition, the fox could also be more recognizable.

These birds are not conjoined in annulo, they are connected by the legs. As such, this depiction is not blazonable. We would need evidence that this motif is a reasonable heraldic depiction as well as a valid blazon for it in order to register it.

There is no default color for the seeds of sunflowers: sometimes they are black, sometimes brown. Therefore, we cannot register a sunflower proper. As these were colored brown, a non-heraldic tincture, we could not register it with an alternate blazon.

Conflict with Phillip of Dalarna, Vert, a seax between two estoiles wavy argent. Examination of the emblazon showed that the grapes and the estoiles were in similar positions, giving only a CD for type of secondary charges.

Long precedent and period heraldic practice make Caucasian skin equivalent to argent. If drawn properly, the effectively argent skin of the mermaid would be largely against the argent part of the field. Even as carefully drawn, there is too much of the mermaid's skin against the argent part of the field. Therefore, this must be returned for violating RfS VIII.2, Armorial Contrast.

This was returned in the August 2000 LoAR.

This conflicts with Eibhlín MacEogan, registered last month.

Conflict with the Dauphin of France (important real-world armory), Or, a dolphin haurient azure finned gules. Because Minna's fish is drawn with a curved neck and a back ridge, it looks more like a heraldic dolphin than period depictions of heraldic fish. Therefore there is not a CD for changing the type of charge, leaving only a single CD for changing the tincture of the primary charge group.

The penguins are unidentifiable. One of the reasons that they are unidentifiable is that they appear to be in a rampant posture; rampant is not an allowable posture for birds.

The submitter requested an authentic 11th-12th century Manx name. However, the name has several problems. The given name appears to be in the genitive case. Furthermore, even the nominative form Berach is likely to be a Modern Irish spelling of the name, and we were not able to find a form dated to the desired time period.

The byname is even more problematical. Contrary to what the LoI claims, the form given in Woulfe's Irish Names and Surnames is O'Harold. This is an Anglicised spelling; Woulfe gives Ó hArailt as the Gaelic form. However, it is undated, and the Anglicised form is dated to the very end of our period. Based on examples in the Annals of Tigernach, mac Arailt Oicc would seem a reasonable early form of the byname.

The combination Berach mac Arailt Oicc would still not be quite authentic, as it would have mid-to-late-period given name combined with an early-period byname. Further, all of this has been documented from Irish sources, not Manx. Still, we would have registered it if the submitter had allowed us to make major changes. Since he did not, we are unwilling to change the name so radically from the submitted form.

According to the submitter, the change of name from Cadwallon y Rhudd to Cadwallon Rudd in August 1981 was in error, as he originally submitted Cadwallon Rudd but it was changed to Cadwallon y Rhudd. The LoARs and the files indicate that he originally submitted Cadwallon Rudd and it was changed by Laurel in March 1981 to Cadwallon y Rhudd; however, that change was appealed and Laurel changed the name back to Cadwallon Rudd in August 1981. Therefore the armorial is correct.

There are far too many rayons in the line of division to make this consistent with period practice. A typical per chevron rayonny line would have about seven or eight rayons; this has four times that many. Furthermore, the submitter should draw larger and fewer ermine spots on the cow.

Conflict with Petrus Curonus, Per saltire Or and gules. The only possible rule that could make these clear is RfS X.4.a.ii.b, Complete Change of Tincture (part of the Field-Primary Armory rules); however, that rule states If the fields of two pieces of field-primary armory have no tinctures in common, they are considered completely different and do not conflict, irrespective of any other similarities between them. While each portion of the field has changed tincture, one cannot say that they do not have a tincture in common.

Conflict with the badge for the Order of the Towers of Dreiburgen, Argent, on a pile inverted throughout azure a tower argent. By precedent, Dreiburgen's badge can be blazoned as Per chevron argent and azure, in base a tower argent. Either way there is only a single CD for adding the fleurs-de-lys.

This name conflicts with the cartoon character Peter Parker, also known as Spiderman.

This is pended for discussion as to whether there should be a CD between a greyhound and a wolf and, by extension, their heads. See the cover letter for a more thorough discussion of the issues.

The field tinctures were missing from the original blazon.

This is pended so that the College of Arms can discuss further whether or not the arms of the Earls of Sutherland as found in the Scots Roll, Gules, three mullets Or, are important enough to protect. The Earl of Sutherland's arms were explicitly not protected in September 1999; however, there was only limited discussion of the arms separate from the general class of arms under protection at that time, so we are inviting comments now.