ACCEPTANCES

ÆTHELMEARC

Aíbell Shúlglas. Name.

Submitted as Aíbell Sùil-uaine, the submitter did not have a request for authenticity, allows minor changes, and notes that if her name must be changed, the meaning 'green-eyed' is most important. Aíbell is listed in Ó Corráin and Maguire (p. 15 s.n. Aíbell). The main person discussed under this entry is an Irish goddess. Two others are a daughter of an Ulster warrior and a daughter of a king of Munster mentioned in stories. The entry is not clear whether these last two women are only legendary or not, so we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt at this time.

The main problem with this name was with the submitted byname Sùil-uaine. Sufficient evidence was found by the College that a descriptive byname meaning 'green-eyed' would be reasonable in Irish Gaelic in period. Though we are not completely certain what form a period byname with this meaning would take, we are certain it would not be the submitted Sùil-uaine since the word used to refer to green eye-color is glas not uaine. The Dictionary of the Irish Language (s.v. súil) lists the compound súilglas which combines súil 'eye' with glas 'green', but give no dates for this word. The Annals of the Four Masters, in the year 624, have suile glasa as part of the text of the entry (as opposed to being included in a name), which gives evidence that glas was used in conjunction with sùil in period.

Bynames meaning '-eyed' using the element -súileach were discussed by the College. All of these date from the 11th C or later and so were not necessarily used earlier. Aíbell is an early name (assuming its use was not strictly legendary). The early form of a byname combining súil and glas would be súlglas (using súl, the early form of súil). Shúlglas is the lenited form which would be used in a woman's byname.

Alana MacLeland. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Irish language/culture. As we have no evidence of the name Alana in Ireland, we were unable to make this name authentic.

Aldan Kerr. Name and device. Sable, a rapier between two comets inverted in pile and a mountain argent.

Alexander Logan of Argyll. Name.

Allesandra d'Avignon. Name and device. Argent, a fret within a bordure pean.

Allison Poinvillars de Tours. Device change. Tierced per chevron wavy throughout argent Or and azure, a garden rose gules slipped and leaved, a sprig of Saint John's wort vert, and a heron rising argent.

This submission violates the complexity rules on "slot machine" design, using three types of charge in a single group. However, this armory is a very small change from her previously registered armory, changing the type of sprig from allspice to Saint John's wort. Thus the stylistic problems are allowed under the Grandfather Clause. The general form of her blazon, using the term tierced, has been held over from her previous device as well.

Her previous device, Tierced per chevron wavy throughout argent, Or and azure, a garden rose gules slipped and leaved, an allspice branch vert fructed gules, and a heron rising argent, is released.

Daimhín Sinna. Name.

Donnchad MacGadfraidh. Device. Azure, in bend sinister three lightning bolts bendwise Or.

Filippo de Sancto Martino. Device. Gyronny argent and gules, a rhinoceros' head couped sable.

Gabrielle de Nevers. Name and device. Vert, on a bend gules fimbriated between two cats sejant guardant a rebec argent.

The only documentation provided for the given name was from the International Genealogical Index (IGI) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS). The IGI is not sufficient documentation for a submission. It is a database of names from records and is intended for use within the LDS. Some of the names listed come from primary sources, some from secondary sources, and some from tertiary sources. The information is submitted by many people who have varying levels of research skills. As such, inaccuracies in transcription and normalization of names renders it unsuitable for SCA heraldic use.

As the College of Arms was able to find alternative documentation, this name is registerable.

Gaspar del Hoyo. Name and device. Sable, a sword inverted Or distilling a goutte argent between flaunches ermine.

Please advise the submitter to draw the flaunches issuing from the top corners of the shield rather than from the chief. We have seen an increasing number of flaunches drawn as issuant from chief in the last few years. Please help educate your submitters and heralds on how to correctly draw flaunches—or educate your always-learning Laurel staff by providing period examples of this artistic variant of flaunches.

Keran Roslin. Name and device. Argent, a heart gules between two pallets wavy azure.

The wavy would be more classic and easier to identify if it were drawn with deeper waves. However, except in the beginning of the armorial period, wavy is a fairly shallow line compared to all the others. A shallow wavy line is much more acceptable than a shallow embattled, engrailed, or indented line.

Maura MacLeod. Name change from Mary MacLeod.

This is an appeal of a change made at Laurel. The ruling that appears in the October 1999 LoAR is:

Submitted as Maura MacLeod, no documentation was given showing that Maura was a period given name. The Irish Gaelic form Maire appeared so late in Irish as a solitary given name that we are doubtful that English diminutives appeared within our period. We therefore replaced the given name with a documented form.

The documentation provided in the appeal includes references to four saints. Many modern dictionaries of saints index the saints under modern spellings of their names. As such, they contain unmarked normalization of the saints' names and often mask the forms by which they were known in period.

While names of saints are registerable, they are not exempted from weirdness counts. So the question we must ask about the submitter's desired name of Maura is what language(s) this spelling appropriate for.

Among the documentation submitted with this appeal were references that asserted that a church in Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, Scotland is dedicated to a Saint Maura and therefore Maura was the name of a saint known in Scotland. This derivation does not match what we currently know of Gaelic. The letter s is not used to indicate possessive in Gaelic. A placename meaning '[name]'s church' is formed by adding the genitive form of [name] after Cill. As such, the meaning "'Church of Saint Maurus' (a French saint)" which Johnston gives for this placename is plausible where 'Church of Saint Maura' is not.

Other submitted documentation mentioned a Saint Maura in conjunction with a Saint Beya (also spelled Baya) who are supposed to have flourished in the 9th C in "Little Cumbrae". Lacking supporting evidence for these names in the 9th C, we must assume they are later renderings, likely post-period, of the names of those saints since neither Maura nor Beya are appropriate for the languages that were spoken in 9th C Scotland.

Searches of period English parish registers and other documents turned up no evidence of the name Maura. As such, we have no evidence that the name Maura was used at all in the British Isles during period. Until such time as documentation is uncovered that provides such evidence, the name Maura must be limited to the languages and time periods for which it can be proven. Of those, 12th C French is the most helpful to the submitter.

Dauzat and Rostaing (p. 636 s.n. Ste-Maure) date S. Maura as a form of this placename in 1136. Therefore, at least one saint (probably the saint known as Maura of Troyes, d. 850) was certainly known by this name in France in the 12th C. As such, the name Maura may be registered in the context of a 12th C French name. The submitter may wish to know that the similar-sounding name Mora, a Latinized form of the Gaelic feminine name Mór is dated to 1541 in Scotland.

Black (p. 538 s.n. MacLeod) dates Gillandres MacLeod to 1229.

These citations date the two elements of the name to a little over a century apart. The last question left is whether there is a temporal disparity weirdness for using a 12th C feminine given name with a Mac-form byname. Using a Mac-style byname with a feminine given name is a pattern seen in late period Scots, mainly in records that refer to a woman using her father's byname. Black (p. 471 s.n. MacClumpha) dates Joneta Makgillumquha to 1406, dating this construction to at least that early.

Therefore, there is only one weirdness in this name--the one for the lingual mix of French with Scots. Since the given name Maura, the byname MacLeod, and the construction (feminine given name + Mac-form byname) are all dated within a 300-year period, there is not a second weirdness for temporal disparity. Therefore, this name is registerable as it only has one weirdness for the lingual mix.

(Note: see the Cover Letter for further clarification regarding the registerability of saints' names.)

Her previously registered name Mary MacLeod is released.

Michelina da Trento. Name.

Submitted as Michelina Cenomani da Trento, Cenomani is documented as the name of a Roman-era Celtic tribe. No evidence was provided that the name of a Celtic tribe would have been used in a personal name. Even if such a construction is plausible, this name has two weirdnesses: one for lingual mix and one for temporal disparity.

The name of Le Mans in France is derived from the name of this tribe. Richard Le Mans (d. 1552/3 in Chartres) is found referred to in the Latinized form Richardus Cenomagus. It is plausible that a feminine form of Cenomagus could have existed. However, using a hypothetical feminine form of Cenomagus in this name would give this name two locative bynames, which is not documented. Therefore, we are dropping the problematic element in order to register the name.

Muirgel ingen Gilla Comgaill. Name and device. Barry Or and azure, a cat sejant contourny sable.

Listed on the LoI as Muriel ingen Ghiolla Chomhgaill, the name was submitted as Muriel inghean Giolla Comgaill. The submitter requested authenticity for Irish language/culture. The gramatically correct Gaelic form of this name is Muirgel ingen Gilla Comgaill before 1200 and Muirgheal inghean Ghiolla Chomhghaill after 1200. As the pre-1200 spelling is closer to the originally submitted form, we have changed the name to that spelling.

A possible conflict was called with the arms of Giuliana Margherita Bonaccolsi, Per chevron throughout azure and Or, in base a domestic cat sejant contourny sable, on the grounds that perhaps Giuliana's cat was not really in base, but was centered on the field under the per chevron throughout line. A visual inspection of Giuliana's form shows that the cat really is in base. It's small and lies entirely under a hypothetical per fess line. This is not a forced move, as one could place a cat centrally on this field, either by having it overlap the blue portions of the field, or by drawing a wider per chevron throughout and moving the cat up (as the commenter had conjectured). Therefore, there is one CD for the change in field by X.4.a, and another for position of the cat on the field by X.4.g.

The Letter of Intent blazoned this cat as coward. The exact disposition of the tail of an animal is a matter for artistic license in period, which would argue against using the term coward in blazon. However, the term is permissible if the submitter so requests, as long as the tail position is drawn correctly and identifiably. Coward may be blazoned when the tail is clearly tucked between the hind legs. This is not the case in this emblazon. Also, the submitter's original blazon did not use the term coward. Therefore, the term was deleted.

Phillippa Coleman. Name.

Remus Fletcher. Badge. Or, a chevron inverted gules, in chief two hurts.

While this has some resemblance to a face, it really doesn't resemble the classic "smiley face" logo enough to warrant return for obtrusive modernity. In the classic logo, the eyes and the mouth are the same tincture and the mouth is much more like a crescent. Here the roundels are a different tincture from the chevron inverted.

It is true that the different tinctures of the roundels and the chevron inverted helps this piece of armory resemble some sort of face, but some period pieces of armory also resemble faces.

Roana d'Evreux. Device change. Argent, three trees eradicated sable.

Classic armory! Her previous device, Argent, a tree eradicated sable and a dexter tierce purpure, is released.

Robert Marston. Name and device. Azure, a mullet of four points between four lozenges within a bordure argent.

Rolland of Hunter's Home. Name and device. Per fess azure and vert, on a fess argent three hunting horns sable a canton Or.

Sara of Cambridge. Device. Sable, a mullet of eight points elongated to chief and on a chief rayonny Or three double roses gules.

She has permission to conflict with her husband Robert of Hazeltine, Sable, a compass star and on a chief rayonny Or, a sword fesswise sable.

Sibán ingen Ragnaill. Name change from Siobhan ní Filidheacht.

Listed on the LoI as Sibán inghean Ragnall, the name was originally submitted as Sibán ingen Ragnall. The form ingen is the early form of the particle and more appropriate to the submitted form of Ragnall, so we have returned it to that spelling. We have also put the byname into the genitive form, Ragnaill, as required in a patronymic byname.

Her previous name, Siobhan ní Filidheacht, is released.

AN TIR

Ærne Clover. Name.

The submitter requested a feminine name. Searle cross-references Ærn- to Earn where the form Earn is dated to 484 as a masculine given name. Therefore this name, while registerable, does not match the submitter's requested gender.

An Tir, Kingdom of. Badge. Checky Or and argent, on a fess sable a maunch argent.

The use of Checky Or and argent is grandfathered to the Kingdom of An Tir.

Artemisia Cappellini da Valle. Name.

Balthasar Yvon Charon. Name change from Yvon-Maurice Charon.

His previous name Yvon-Maurice Charon is released.

Constance de Montbard. Device. Per pale azure and vert, a horse's head couped ermine.

Constance de Montbard. Badge. Azure, four ermine spots in cross bases to center argent each charged with a roundel azure.

This does not conflict with Darya Kazakova, (Fieldless) A cross of four ermine spots conjoined argent. There is a CD for fieldlessness, and another for the orientation of the ermine spots.

Crosses of ermine spots are drawn with the tops of the ermine spots conjoined in the center, rather than the bases of the ermine spots conjoined in the center. A question was raised in commentary about whether it was reasonable to give an orientation CD for inverting an ermine spot. The vast majority of ermine spots, and all the ermine spots which use a three-roundel "clasp" artistic motif (as with this submission), are not symmetrical about the horizontal axis. (In many renditions of ermine spots, the three roundels, or voided billet, at the top of the spot represent a stylized clasp, as would have been used to hold an ermine tail or skin to an underlying garment or less expensive fur.) As a result, there is a CD for posture between an ermine spot and an ermine spot inverted.

Another question was raised about whether the roundels at the base of the ermine spots should be worth difference, as addition of tertiaries, or should be considered artistic detailing. Given the wide diversity in the shape of the bottom of ermine spots, the small roundels seemed more like artistic details than genuine addition of tertiary charges.

Dmitrii of Seagirt. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, in pale a winged serpent displayed and two chevronels argent.

This armory was submitted under the name Dmitrii Ivanovich.

Malissa of Glymm Mere. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, in pall three scorpions conjoined by the tails vert.

This armory was submitted under the name Malissa of Bentfern.

Thomas Sinclair. Name.

ANSTEORRA

Adelaide de Bourbon. Name.

There was a question as to whether the byname de Bourbon is presumptuous and so should not be registerable. RfS VI.1 states:

Claim to membership in a uniquely royal family is also considered presumptuous, although use of some dynastic surnames do not necessarily claim royal rank. For example, there was a Scottish dynasty named Stewart, but there were also many other Stewart families so use of that surname does not link one unmistakably to the royal house. Hohenstaufen, on the other hand, seems to have only been used by the line of Holy Roman Emperors, so its use makes a clear dynastic claim.

So the question is whether de Bourbon was a byname only used by the French royal family of that name. Dauzat and Rostaing (p. 103 s.n. Boulbon) identifies three locations that include the element Bourbon and dates the forms Borbona to 846 and Burbone to the 8th C. Locative bynames of the form de [placename] are a common standard construction in French. So a byname de Bourbon is a logical reference to one of these locations and would not be considered presumptuous.

Ælfhelm se Reade. Name change from holding name Donald of Lindenwood.

Allasan Wulf. Name.

Submitted as Allasan Woulfe, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish Gaelic language/culture and allows minor changes. Unfortunately, neither Allasan nor Woulfe is Irish Gaelic. She states that, if the name must be changed, the meaning/sound Wolf is most important to her.

The name Allasan was documented as a Scottish Gaelic feminine name using the article "Some Scottish Gaelic Feminine Names" at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/scotgaelfem/. This article has been updated and the name Allasan removed with the comment:

We had previously listed Allasan here; after further research, we have concluded that it was a mistake to include it. We have found no convincing evidence that this name was used in Scottish Gaelic before modern times.

The problem here is that Allasan is a modern Gaelic name. Evidence for Scottish Gaelic names in period is very hard to find as most documents were written in Scots or Latin. The Academy of Saint Gabriel article in question is a compilation of information from many sources to try and determine what feminine given names were in use in Scottish Gaelic in period by examining Gaels whose names were recorded in Latin, Scots, etc. Recently, the Academy re-reviewed the evidence that led to the inclusion of Allasan in that article and came to the conclusion that there is no convincing evidence that a form of Alison was used by Scottish Gaels in any spelling during our period. Given this new information, barring other documentation of the spelling Allasan being used as a period name, we will discontinue registering this name beginning at the decision meeting in April of 2002. This does not affect the registerability of the Scots form Alesone or other documented forms of Alison in other languages.

Regarding this submission, no evidence has been found that the name Alison migrated into Ireland in any form. The Annals of Connacht list two isolated instances of the name Alis in 1267 and 1285. We would have made this change, but felt that the change from Allasan to Alis was a major change.

Woulfe (p. 862 s.n. Ulf) dates the Anglicized forms Ulfe and Wulf to the time of Elizabeth I - James I. We have changed the byname to a dated Anglicized Irish form to partially comply with the submitter's request.

Allyson Tymmes. Device Change. Per pale gules and sable, a dragon segreant Or maintaining in its tail a shepherd's crook in chief an increscent and a decresecent argent.

Her previous device, Per pale gules and sable, a wyvern statant wings elevated and addorsed Or maintaining in its tail a shepherd's crook, in chief an increscent and a decrescent argent, is released.

Angelline del Mas. Name and device. Per chevron Or and azure, two hearts azure and a rose slipped and leaved argent.

Good name!

Angus MacKinnon of Black Oak Keep. Name.

Anne Elizabeth Ross. Name.

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Queen's Ring and badge. Sable, a rose Or within a bordure argent.

Armand Dragonetti. Device. Sable, a dragon rampant erminois and a bordure Or.

On the forms, the dragon is clearly tinctured as erminois. This was less obvious on the mini-emblazon on the letter of intent. This is one case where fewer internal details in the dragon would have been a wiser artistic choice, to avoid the possibility of obscuring the ermine spots.

Some questions were asked about the stylistic acceptability of an erminois animate charge. Erminois is an uncommon period tincture, but one might expect that if there are animate ermine charges, erminois would be similarly acceptable. A quick scan through a book giving the arms of the Aldermen of Aldersgate shows the arms of Mathew Phillipp in the 30th year of Henry VI: Sable a lion rampant ermine crowned within an orle of fleurs-de-lys Or, and the arms of Rafe Warren in the 20th year of Henry VIII: Azure on a chevron argent between three lozenges Or three griffins heads erased azure on a chief checky Or and gules a greyhound courant ermine collared Or. (Note: this last example should not be used as a general model for SCA armory, but it shows that ermine was a reasonable tincture for animate charges, even a small tertiary one.)

Celestria de Duglas. Name.

Charles of Crossrode Keep. Name.

Daniel de Burdon. Name.

Submitted as Daniel de Bourdon, the name was documented from Reaney & Wilson (pp. 71-71 s.n. Burden). This entry describes names derived from four different origins. Bourdon forms derive from patronymic, descriptive, or occupational bynames. None of these types of bynames would take the particle de. Burdon forms derive from a locative byname referring to any of three locations in England. All dated forms of these locative bynames are spelled Bur-. As changing Bourdon to Burdon is a smaller change than dropping the particle de, we have made this spelling change in order to register this name.

Edward Mercer. Name and device. Sable, a bend indented on its upper edge argent between two lions rampant Or.

Good name!

Elewys Luscomb. Badge. (Fieldless) A boar rampant purpure.

Elizabeth Curry. Badge. (Fieldless) A winged greyhound courant contourny Or winged azure maintaining in its mouth a hunting horn sable.

Elizabeth Quatremains de Guthrie. Name.

Gala Cunningham. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion's jambe erased bendwise argent.

A possible conflict was called against the badge of Berhtrad Athalbrand von Strassburg, (Fieldless) A lion's gambe bendwise erased argent, sustaining by the blade a sword bendwise sinister sable. We were asked to check the form to see that the sword was sustained, rather than maintained (which is not worth difference). Berhtrad's form shows that the sword is correctly blazoned as sustained. Recall that the criterion for a sustained charge, unchanged since the introduction of the term sustained into SCA blazon, has been:

Either sustaining or supporting will be used when a "held" charge is of comparable size to the beast holding it; maintaining will continue to be used when the held charge is of negligible heraldic difference. (Brayden Avenel Durrant, July, 1992, p. 6)

Gilyan Alienora of Clonmacnoise. Badge. Per pale purpure and vert, a pawprint within a horseshoe Or.

Gwenhevare Cordelia Maynard. Name.

Submitted as Guenièvre Cordelia Maynard, the submitter requested authenticity for the 15th to 16th centuries and allowed minor changes. Nearly all English forms of the given name that we were able to find dated to the 15th and 16th C were "J" forms of the name such as Jenefer. Though these are the typical forms for that time period, it was felt that this was more than a minor change since the names would be pronounced differently by most people seeing the two names. The College was unable to find "G" forms of Guenièvre after Gwenhevare which is dated to 1431. We have changed the given name to this form to partially comply with the submitter's request for authenticity. However, as no "G" forms of Guenièvre name were found in the 16th century, the name Cordelia is only dated to the gray area, and double given names were a rare very late practice, this name is not authentic.

Hillary Rose Greenslade. Badge. (Fieldless) An anchor vert.

Honour du Bois. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Honor du Bois, the given name was originally submitted as Honour and changed at kingdom due to lack of documentation for the spelling Honour as a given name. Withycombe gives the Middle English forms of the word for the virtue as honor and honour. As both of these spellings existed in Middle English, it is reasonable to assume that the spelling Honour could have been used for both the name and the virtue in England.

Ihon Vinson MacFergus. Device. Per pale gules and vert, in chief a hand in benediction argent.

A possible conflict was called against the arms of Kenric Manning, Lozengy azure and Or, a hand argent. There is a CD for changing the field, and Ihon's armory unquestionably has the hand in chief. Kenric's form shows that the hand is centered. Therefore there is a second CD for position of the hand on the field, and these two armories are clear of conflict.

There was also a question about whether a hand should be given a CD for posture versus a hand in benediction. Current precedent regarding gauntlets would imply that this is not so: "[a dexter gauntlet clenched apaumy vs a dexter gauntlet appaumy] The clenching is an artistic detail which does not contribute difference. (William MacGregor, May 1998 p. 22)". However, it is important to remember that gauntlets are often 'mitten gauntlets' and what is true for a gauntlet may not always be true for a hand. We encourage the College to research this issue.

Jean Paul de Sens. Device. Ermine, on a bend azure between two phoenixes sable rising from flames azure a sword inverted argent.

Julienne de Léon. Name.

Kezia Kiabarta. Device. Azure, in bend four horseshoes bendwise Or.

Magnus von Lübeck. Badge. (Fieldless) An astrolabe per fess argent and Or.

Morgan Buchanan. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for English language/culture. The citations for the byname Buchanan came from Reaney and Wilson. However, those citations each reference Black. As such, we only have Buchanan documented from Scotland. Therefore, we were unable to comply with the submitter's request for authenticity.

Pamela of Gate's Edge. Holding name and device. Azure, a rose argent and a chief embattled Or.

Listed on the LoI under the name Damasque Giselle de Bier, the name was returned in the August 2001 LoAR. This armory has been registered under the holding name Pamela of Gate's Edge.

Plokhoi Sobakin. Name.

Rebekah of Newcastle. Device. Sable, on a pale between in chief two castles Or in chief a castle sable.

Reviaka Rostovskoi. Name.

The submitter has requested a feminine name. However, all documentation provided for the given name Reviaka is masculine. Therefore this name, while registerable, does not match the submitter's requested gender.

Rhiannon Redwulf. Badge. Argent, in bend two pawprints gules.

Robert Carmichael. Device. Quarterly sable and Or, a fess wreathed gules and argent.

Ruthe M'Camacke. Name.

Shajar al-Yaasmeen. Device change. Quarterly purpure and argent, a dragon segreant counterchanged.

Her previous device, Quarterly purpure and Or, a dragon segreant counterchanged, becomes a badge.

Sunnifa Eiríksdóttir. Name and device. Per pall inverted gules sable and Or, two horses combattant Or and a heart gules.

Syslye ferch Morgan. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Threebridges, College of. Device. Argent, in pale three bridges between flaunches azure each flaunch charged with a laurel wreath argent.

This was pended from the April 2001 LoAR for tincture problems.

ATENVELDT

Ailill Lockhart. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The submitter requested a name authentic for the 10th to 11th C and did not specify a language or culture. The given name Ailill is Gaelic and the byname Lockhart is Scots. While this lingual mix is registerable, it is a weirdness. As Reaney and Wilson date Warin Lockard to 1190 and Uruay le Lockhert to 1203, there is no additional weirdness for temporal disparity, making this name registerable.

To make this name authentic as the submitter has requested, either Ailill would need to be put into a Scots or English form, or Lockhart would need to be put into a Gaelic form. As we were unable to find forms for either of these changes, we were unable to make this name authentic.

Angelica Blauschild. Device. Azure, a Hungerford knot Or between and conjoined to a dexter and a sinister wing inverted argent a bordure ermine.

David de Cochrane. Name and device. Per fess wavy vert and azure, four closed scrolls bendwise sinister two and two argent tied by ribbons sable.

Good name!

Please advise the submitter to draw the scrolls larger. Their identifiability is borderline due to their small size.

Dirk van Muiden. Name.

Submitted as Dirk van het Muiderslot, slot is the Dutch word for 'castle'. While the castle is called Muiderslot or Slot Muider in Dutch, no evidence was found for including slot in a locative byname. The article het is not appropriate without the 'castle' component. With the appropriate grammatical changes after the preposition, the most likely form for a personal name would be Dirk van Muiden.

Elzbieta Rurikovskaia. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Elzbieta Rurikovna, the ending -ovna indicates that her father was named Rurik. Her forms say that she intends the name to mean that she is the wife of Rurik, which would take either the form Elzbieta Rurikova zhena ("Elzbieta Rurik's wife") or Elzbieta Rurikovskaia ("Rurik's Elzbieta"). As the latter is closer to her originally submitted form, we have made this change.

Issobell de Lockford. Name and device. Argent, a unicorn couchant and on a chief doubly-enarched purpure three lilies argent.

Submitted as Iosobail de Lockford, the submitter requested a name authentic for the 15th C. The Gaelic form Iosobail and the Scots form de Lockford would not have been mixed in period. As such, we have changed the given name to a Scots form to comply with the submitter's request.

John Michael Midwinter. Badge. (Fieldless) A mascle per fess gules and Or.

Katherine Tapester. Name change from Katrin Aerenlae and device change. Vert, on a maunch argent a domestic cat dormant sable.

Good name!

Her previous name Katrin Aerenlae and device, Per bend sinister wavy azure and vert, a bend sinister wavy between an eagle rising and a windmill Or, are released.

Mons Tonitrus, Barony of. Order name Ordo Stellae Argenteae.

Submitted as Ordo Stellae Argentae, argenteae is the adjectival form of the noun argentum. We have made this correction.

Rebekah Rose O'Kelly. Name.

Sebastiana Gerynot Fanelli. Device. Per pale gules and purpure, on a pale Or between two rapiers inverted proper a wooden-handled jester's bauble proper hooded alternately purpure and gules.

The previous return (May 2000) was for stylistic reasons but also addressed a possible conflict:

A number of commenters also felt it was in conflict with Einar of Ironhold, Sable, on a pale Or, between two swords inverted hilted Or and bladed argent, a staff sable. There is a CD for the field, so the question was whether there was a significant difference between a staff and a jester's bauble to give a second CD for change of type and tincture of the tertiary charges. Normally I am inclined to give a CD between a jester's bauble and a plain staff, barring evidence that they were not independent charges in period. However, it should be noted that Sebastiana's jester's bauble was drawn so that the staff part was unusually prominent. Any resubmission should make the head of the bauble more prominent relative to staff.

In this emblazon, the jester's bauble has an unmistakeable head. As a result, there is now a CD for the change in field tincture and another CD for the type and tincture of tertiary charge.

Tyock MacKay of Marwode. Name change from holding name Karen McKay of Marwode.

CAID

Aaron Chlodovech. Name.

Áengus Greywolf Ó Dubhghaill. Name.

Submitted as Áengus Ó Dubhghaill Grey Wolf, this name had several problems.

The greatest problem was regarding the construction of Ó Dubhghaill Grey Wolf. No documentation was provided that this was a reasonable construction. Ó Dubhghaill Grey Wolf may seem to be two name phrases, Ó Dubhghaill and Grey Wolf, but it is actually a compound byname. Irish Gaelic uses the structure Ó byname + another byname to refer to a particular family, usually as part of a chiefly title. For example, the names Ó Conchobhair Donn, Ó Conchobhair Ruadh, and Ó Conchobhair Sligeach are all designations for heads of branches of the O'Connors (Woulfe, p. 477 s.n. Ó Conchobhair Donn).

As a compound byname, Ó Dubhghaill Grey Wolf falls under RfS III.1.a and must consist of a single language. As submitted, this name phrase mixes Irish Gaelic and English. As we have no evidence that 'color + animal' is a reasonable byname in Irish Gaelic, we cannot translate Grey Wolf into Gaelic. The simplest fix is to put Grey Wolf before the patronymic, making it a descriptive byname referring to Áengus.

The second problem is that the documentation provided indicates that an English byname meaning 'Grey + animal' would be one word. As such, we have changed this byname to Greywolf.

Therefore, Áengus Greywolf Ó Dubhghaill includes the smallest number of changes needed to register the name.

It was noted in the LoI that the original submission of Áengus Ó Dubhghaill was returned in October 2000 for conflict with Angus MacDougall. It was also noted that a ruling in September 1999 determined that Coinneach mac Dhomhnuill was ruled to be clear of Coinneach Ó Domhnail since "Mac 'son of' and Ó 'descendent (grandson) of / clan of' refer to significantly different relationships and are therefore clear." The addition of Greywolf removes any potential conflict.

The reasoning behind the 'same relationship' portion of RfS V.1.a.ii.(a) is that such bynames were used interchangeably depending upon the records and so are in conflict. It is important to note that through all my research in various Irish annals, I have not yet found an instance where the particles mac and Ó (in any of their forms) are used interchangeably. If the particles in question are (1) not used interchangeably, and (2) are clear of auditory conflict, then they should be counted as clear of each other. Note though, that a byname with no particle is still a conflict with both mac and Ó forms as it was a valid variant in English records referring to Gaelic people. For example, mac Dubhghaill is clear of Ó Dubhghaill. But the Scots or Anglicized Irish byname Dougall conflicts with both mac Dubhghaill and Ó Dubhghaill.

For more information about conflicts involving Gaelic particles, see the cover letter.

There was no indication on the forms that the submitter would prefer to drop the epithet if his name was ruled to be clear without it. As such, we have left it in the name.

Amice Percy. Name.

Good name!

Ana inghean uí Riagáin. Device. Argent, a stag's head cabossed gules on a chief triangular sable a crescent argent.

Angus Sturmisbroke. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Angus Stormsbrooke, there was some question about the plausibility of the byname Stormsbrooke, since Storm was documented only as a hypothetical given name. Reaney and Wilson (p. 433 s.n. Sturmey) dates Sturmi to temp. Henry II as a masculine given name. As such, a placename of Sturmisbroke is reasonable.

Annalies Maria von Marburg. Name.

Submitted as Anne Lyse Maria von Marburg, this name construction includes three given names which has previously been cause for return:

Submitted as Rosalinda Francisca Gertrude Kesselheim, the submitter justified the name as a mixture of Spanish and German. In neither language are three given names justified, therefore we dropped the first middle name. [Rosalinda Gertrude Kesselheim, 12/99, A-Ansteorra]

The only documentation included in the submission for the use of three given names in German is the mention of "Duchess Dorothea Sabine Maria of Sulzbach" (d. 1639) on p. 287 of Carl Köhler, A History of Costume. Köhler's strength is in costuming (though if you get enough costumers together, they will debate that). The dress Köhler references is diagramed in Janet Arnold in her book, Patterns of Fashion (pp. 116-117), where she says that this dress was "worn by Pfalzgräfin Dorothea Maria von Suzbach when she was buried in the tomb at Lauingen in 1639, aged 80." Arnold (p. 48) also calls her "Pfalzgräfin Dorothea Maria von Suzbach" when she describes a photo of the dress. The reference in the dress diagram section certainly puts Dorothea in period, but does not include Sabine as part of her name. A similar gown (pp. 112-115; photos and description on pp. 46-47) is included in Arnold who says it was "worn by Pfalzgräfin Dorothea Sabina von Neuburg when she was buried in the tomb at Lauingen in 1598, at that age of twenty-two" (p. 113). François Boucher, 20,000 Years of Fashion, also lists this dress and says that it belonged to "Dorothea Sabina von Neuburg, 1598." Given that both women had similar names, were buried at the same tomb, and their dresses are of similar styles and are both at Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich, it is quite possible that Köhler accidently combined the two names when he labeled the photo of Dorothea Maria's dress in his book--especially since neither Arnold nor Boucher include the name Sabine in Dorothea Maria von Suzbach's name.

Therefore, barring documentation other than this dubious instance in Köhler of the use of three given names in German, we are upholding the precedent against such registrations. Also, as stated by Gage, "A single grey-period example from the high nobility does not justify a naming pattern". A pattern of anything cannot be derived from a single example. It takes multiple examples--the more examples found, the more likely it is that the theorized pattern is accurate.

Since the submitter allows any changes, we have changed Anne Lyse to Annalies in order to register the name. The compound name Annalies was ruled registerable in 10/99:

Colm Dubh found a citation of Annalies in 1634 (Wilfred Seibicke, Historisches Deutsches Vornamenbuch), which is in our "gray area" of documentation. Therefore we will allow the compound given name. We will, however, only allow it in the listed spelling (barring documentation that another spelling is a valid period variant). [Annalies Grossmund, 10/99, A-Calontir]

We felt this would be a smaller change than dropping Maria and registering Anne Lyse von Marburg.

Bj{o,}rn hildit{o,}nn. Name.

Submitted as Bjórn Hilditonn, Geirr Bassi shows the "o" in the given name and in the byname as being "o ogonek", an "o" with a small hook below it, here represented as "{o,}". Geirr Bassi also shows descriptive bynames as not being capitalized. We have made these changes.

Bj{o,}rn húrsvartr. Name (see PENDS for device).

Submitted as Bjorn Svarthúr, Geirr Bassi shows the "o" in the given name as being "o ogonek", an "o" with a small hook below it, here represented as "{o,}". We have made this change.

The byname Svarthúr was intended to mean "black hair". However, examples of descriptive bynames in Geirr Bassi that reference hair color all have the "hair" element first and the color element second. Therefore, in this case, the proper forms would seem to be inn húrsvarti and húrsvartr. As the second is closer to the submitted form, we have changed the byname to that form.

Eileen Dover of Calafia. Name change from Eileen Dover.

Her previous name, Eileen Dover, is released.

Elisabetta Paganelli. Name.

Elspeth Colquhoun. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Emeline of Starkhafn. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, six bees in annulo tails inward proper on a chief embattled Or a weaver's slea proper.

This armory was submitted under the name Emeline Vigamerr. Some textile experts said that a weaver's slea is wooden, and therefore, it is brown when proper.

Enna van Leuven. Name.

Fergus O'Fey. Device. Azure, a Bowen knot crosswise braced with an annulet within a bordure Or.

This could equally well be blazoned, absent some rather unimportant internal detail lines, as a Bowen knot crosswise surmounted by an annulet. The annulet does not hamper the identifiability of the Bowen knot or vice versa. This comes close to being the registration of a new knot, but falls on the acceptable side of that line.

Halla Haustmyrkr. Household name House Gullbjarki.

Henri Bigod. Name.

Hrorek Halfdane of Faulconwood. Release of badge. Azure, a unicorn's head couped to sinister within eight mullets in annulo Or.

Ian Duncanson. Name.

Ian was ruled SCA-compatible in April of 1997.

A question came up regarding whether this name conflicts with the registered name Sean MacDuncan. There is a precedent:

[Eoin Mac Cainnigh] The name is clear of Ian MacCoinnich, registered September 1990; Eoin and Ian are significantly different in sound as well as appearance. (LoAR April 1996, p. 1)

Ian is farther in pronunciation from Sean than it is from Eoin. Since Ian is clear of Eoin, it therefore holds that Ian is clear of Sean. Therefore this submission is clear of conflict with the registered name Sean MacDuncan.

Katayama Chikara. Device. Sable, a phoenix and a chief embattled argent.

Katherina Elycia Mosher. Name and device. Argent, a bend gules overall a wyvern passant vert maintaining a rose gules barbed and seeded sable.

Submitted as Katherina Elyscia de'Mosher, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th-15th C 'France/German' and allows major changes. All documentation provided with the submission was for English name elements and for Mosher under the Legal Name allowance. A person living in an area influenced by both French and German culture would have had their name recorded all in French or all in German depending upon the language that the document was written in. As her request for authenticity was not included in the LoI, the College was not given the opportunity to comment on authentic forms. Additionally, some sort of significant changes would be necessary to make this name authentic, as the submitted name elements do not all appear in French or German. Therefore, we have made the minimum amount of change to register the name. Submitted as Elyscia, the form that actually appears in Reaney and Wilson is Elycia. Documentation provided for the Legal Name allowance shows her last name as Mosher not de'Mosher. Therefore, we have made these changes in order to register the name.

Please advise the submitter to center the wyvern on the field.

Katrina Rosehearty. Name and device. Azure, a heart within an orle of roses argent.

Submitted as Katrina Celeste Rosehearty, this name had one weirdness for mixing the English Celeste with an otherwise Scots name and a second weirdness for a double given name in Scots. We have dropped Celeste to resolve this issue.

Khalila al-Sadafiyya. Name.

Submitted as Rohe Khalila as-Sadafiyya, this name contained two given names in an Arabic name which has been cause for return in the past:

... none of the Arabic-speaking peoples seems to have used double given names, and this practice has been grounds for return in the past (Nasr Hasan ibn Muhammad Abdullaziz, Calontir, 11/93 LoAR). (Talan Gwynek, LoAR October 1995 p. 17)

The given name Rohe was documented as a hypothetical feminine name based on the masculine name Rohi. Not all Arabic masculine given names can be feminized. Without evidence that Rohe is a plausible Arabic feminine name in period, it is not registerable. Khalila was documented as a word meaning 'female' from an Arabic-English dictionary. This documentation is not sufficient to register Khalila as a feminine given name. al-Jamal noted that Khalilah is the expected feminine form of the period male given name Khalil and found Khalilah included in the name of a period text. This is sufficient evidence to register Khalilah as a feminine given name. The submitted byname as-Sadafiyyah was documented as a laqab from an Arabic-English dictionary. This documentation gives no indication of whether it is a plausible laqab in period. al-Jamal found the masculine form of this laqab al-Sadafi in period and gives the feminine form as al-Sadafiyyah. Depending upon which transliteration conventions you are using, the terminal 'h' is retained or not. Therefore, registerable forms of this name are Khalilah al-Sadafiyyah and Khalila al-Sadafiyya. The submitter allows major changes and her "primary interest is in the final name element, Sadafi". As such, we have have registered the form of the name which uses the form of the final name element closest to her submitted form.

Killian Quinn. Device. Sable, on a bend cotised argent between six fleurs-de-lys Or a winged lion courant azure.

Kissa Irminwiht. Name change from Erna Ragnarsdóttir and device. Gules, in fess three ermines rampant argent.

Her previously registered name Erna Ragnarsdóttir is released.

Leonora Morgana. Augmentation. Per chevron inverted azure goutty d'eau and argent, a Celtic cross argent and two garden roses in saltire gules, slipped and leaved vert, for augmentation, surmounting the roses where they cross, an inescutcheon azure charged with four crescents conjoined in saltire, horns outward argent.

Lyondemere, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) On a bar couped vert a lion's paw escallop Or.

The use of the term lion's paw escallop is found in other armory belonging to the barony. The term may be grandfathered into their blazon. A lion's paw escallop is, effectively, a default escallop.

Lyondemere, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Lion's Paw. (Fieldless) In pale a garter buckled in annulo, buckle to chief vert and a lion's paw escallop dependent from the garter Or..

The use of the term lion's paw escallop is found in other armory belonging to the barony. The term may be grandfathered into their blazon, and in the case of this order, it also cants. A lion's paw escallop is, effectively, a default escallop.

Mariia Eliseeva Zezemina doch'. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Mariia Elisiova Zezemina doch', the correct feminine patronymic form of the masculine given name Elisei is Eliseeva. We have made this change.

Good name!

Melisande de Frayne. Device. Or, a bend sinister vert between a tree proper and a tower vert.

Michael Robert Delamare. Name.

Mikhail of the Kuma. Change of holding name from Bjorn of Gyldenholt.

Documentation was provided with this submission for locative bynames referring to rivers in Russian. The locative byname of the Kuma is therefore registerable via the Lingua Anglica allowance.

Richard of Dreiburgen. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a cross gules overall on a bend sable three skulls palewise argent.

This armory was submitted under the name Kentsuki no Ujitora Kaito Tamashi.

Seosaidh MacFaoilchéire. Name change from/consolidation with holding name Joseph of Dreiburgen.

The submitter's device was registered in October 1995 under the holding name Joseph of Dreiburgen. He registered his current primary Society name, Seosaidh MacFaoilchéire, in August 1996. However, it was treated as a new name, not as a change of his old holding name, so he had two registered primary Society names.

Per his request, his holding name, Joseph of Dreiburgen, is released. The device associated with Joseph of Dreiburgen, Sable, on a bend sinister argent between two wolves couchant bendwise sinister argent a wolf couchant sable, is now the device of Seosaidh MacFaoilchéire.

Seosaidh MacFaoilchéire and Siobhán nic Chollaic. Joint Badge. (Fieldless) On a tower argent two claymores in saltire sable.

This is clear of the badge of Aelfric se Droflic, (Fieldless) On a tower argent, an acorn sable. There is one CD for fieldlessness and another by X.4.j for the change to type and number of tertiary charges.

Stefen Winter von Rosenheim. Device. Quarterly sable and vert, three wolves courant argent.

Symeon ben Tobias. Name and device. Azure, on a cross between in chief two boars statant respectant argent a palm tree azure.

The submitter requested authenticity for "Iberian Peninsula Jewish". As we were unable to find evidence of Tobias in languages used on the Iberian peninsula, we were unable to make this name authentic for his desired culture.

Teka Turmanov. Device. Per bend potenty sable and Or, a unicorn's head erased argent armed Or and a tau cross sable.

CALONTIR

Banbnat MacDermot. Name and device. Per fess vert ermined argent and argent, in base three hedgehogs statant azure.

Submitted as Banba MacDermot, Banba was documented from Ó Corráin and Maguire (p. 28 s.n. Banba) which states that "Banba was the wife of Mac Cuill, one of the gods of the Tuatha Dé Danann". Since no documentation was presented and none was found that Banba was used by humans in period, it is not registerable. We have changed this portion of the name to Banbnat as the submitter specifically allows.

This name combines a Gaelic given name with an Anglicized byname which is a weirdness.

Beatrice MacBean de Lindsay. Name change from holding name Kimberly of Lost Moor.

Submitted as Beatrice Lindsay MacBean, the submitter requested authenticity for "any" time period. Lindsay is a locative byname. All examples of multiple bynames in Scots found by the College have the patronymic byname (or inherited surname) before the locative byname. Therefore, lacking evidence that a locative byname would precede the patronymic in Scots, that byname order is not registerable. Authentic forms of this name would be Beatrice Lindsay, Beatrice de Lindsay, Beatrice MacBean, or Beatrice MacBean de Lindsay. As the last option is the closest to her submitted name, we have made this change.

Cathus the Curious. Name and device. Sable, a lantern and on a chief engrailed Or three ravens reguardant sable.

The submitter requested authenticity for the 10th C. Since no evidence was found of any form of the Curious as a 10th C byname, we were unable to make the name authentic.

Colin de Vire. Name and device. Per pale vert and sable, two mullets of eight points and a deer's attires argent.

Some commenters questioned the internal detail lines on these mullets of eight points, which make them each look like a mullet of four point saltirewise surmounted by a mullet of four points. This is an acceptable artistic variant of a mullet of eight points.

The Pictorial Dictionary indicates that a pair of deer's horns conjoined in this fashion may be blazoned as a deer's attires or as a massacre. The former term is closer to the submitted blazon.

Eiríkr Trymsen. Name and device. Counter-ermine, in chief two lightning bolts in chevron inverted and in base a triangle argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for Norse. The byname Trymsen is documented as 15th C Danish. As such, we were unable to make this name authentic for Norse. The submitter may wish to know that Koira noted that Eirik Trymsen would be the authentic form of this name for late period Norwegian.

Eloine ni Mhaoileoin. Badge. (Fieldless) A vixen rampant contourny purpure.

Eugenios Athanasiou. Name and device. Purpure, a Coptic cross throughout Or between four natural dolphins in annulo argent a bordure Or.

Submitted as Athenasiou, the correct genitive form of Athanasios is Athanasiou. We have made this change.

Idonea Murphy of Antrim. Name and device. Per pale Or and sable, a dragonfly counterchanged.

Istvan Budai. Name.

Submitted as Istvan Buda, the submitter requested authenticity for Hungarian language/culture and allowed any changes. He noted in his documentation that he intended Buda to refer to the capital of Hungary in the 15th C. The name is registerable in the submitted form, but a byname Buda would mean that his father was named Buda. A man from the city of Buda would have the locative byname Budai. Nebuly states,

[T]he Hungarian language would normally put an adjective first, personal names seem to be an unusual case in period documents, with either name element being recorded first. Based on this, Laurel precedent allows either name element to be registered first, except when the byname is an unmarked patronym.

Therefore, Istvan Budai and Budai Istvan are authentic forms of this name. Since the submitted order is authentic, we have left the given name first.

Joseph Angus Wilson. Name and device. Per chevron lozengy sable and argent and sable, a chess knight argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for Scottish language/culture. Double given names were not known in Scotland in period (though they are registerable as a weirdness). As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to make this name authentic.

The armory does not conflict with Keriane St. John of Shaddoncarraig, Purpure, a horse's head erased to sinister argent. There is a CD for the change in the field and another CD for the change from a horse's head to the default double-headed chess knight. As Palimpsest notes,

... the reason for the conflict of the single-headed chess knight and a horse's head is visual. The double-headed chess knight is a period charge (found in Siebmacher in the arms of Hertzheim) so the visual standard does not apply. Even were it to apply it would clear the conflict, but the applicable standard is whether the charges were considered equivalent by period heralds. There is no reason to believe that this was the case for double-headed chess knights and horse's heads, so this submission is clear.

Jürgen Scherzer. Name and device. Argent, a bull passant and on a chief wavy sable a comet argent.

Kitsu no Taro. Badge. Argent, a torii gate sable and a demi-sun issuant from base gules a bordure purpure.

Maegwyn verch Bledyn. Name.

Marie Suzanne of Westphalia. Name and device. Vert, an open book Or in chief three roses argent.

Submitted as Marie Suzanne von Westphalia, the byname combines a German particle with the English form of a place name (the German spelling is Westphalen). As RfS III.1.a requires all elements of a name phrase (the byname von Westphalia in this case) to be in a single language, this byname needed to be changed to either the all German form von Westphalen or the all English form of Westphalia. A herald at the decision meeting happened to know the submitter and felt that Westphalia was more important to her than having the byname in a German form. We have therefore changed the particle from von to of to comply with RfS III.1.a.

Morgan Skeene. Name and device. Or, a ladybug gules spotted and a bordure sable.

There does not appear to be a well defined proper for ladybugs, and they can be found in various colorations when in nature. Therefore, this bug has been blazoned explicitly.

Roise inghean ui Ruaidhri. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Roise ni Ruaidhri, the particle ni is an Anglicized form of inghean uí. As RfS III.1.a requires all elements of a name phrase (the byname ni Ruaidhri in this case) to be in a single language, we have changed the particle to the Gaelic form. The standard form of this name would be Róise inghean uí Ruaidhrí. Accents were sometimes left out of period Irish Gaelic documents. Therefore, as with Norse names, the accents should be used or not used throughout the name. As the submitted form did not include accents, we have not included them in this name.

Ruaidhri ua Ceallaigh. Device. Azure semy of boars passant argent.

A possible conflict was called against Dafydd ap Taliesin, Azure, three winged boars courant argent winged Or. There is one CD for the number of boars and another for removing the wings:

[A winged wolf] Conflict with ... a wolf ... there is only one CVD for adding the wings. (LoAR October 1991 p.16).

Salamon ben Mosse de Aguilar. Name and device. Azure, a lion rampant Or between three Jewish hats argent.

Taliesin Brynderw. Name and device. Or honeycombed sable, a chalice azure a bordure sable.

Honeycombed was defined as a weirdness in the LoAR of June 1999. It is not a period field treatment, nor has it become entrenched in SCA usage.

Remember that there are very few period field treatments. Usually, when we invent a new armorial motif for use in our heraldry, it is because the new motif is compatible with existing period heraldry. For example, we would allow the registration of a period weapon as a charge, because of the large variety of weapons found in period heraldry. We do not have a similar period pattern of a wide range of field treatments based on various tessellations.

Hence, after the LoAR of April 2002, honeycombed will no longer be registerable in the SCA.

Tangwen ferch Sylwein. Name and device. Per pale dovetailed Or and gules, a lion and a horse combattant counterchanged.

Vasilla Anastasiia Krasnaia. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, a hare rampant counterchanged.

LOCHAC

Benedick von Greifswald. Device. Vert, in pale two griffins couchant to sinister Or.

Nice cant.

Cassandra Cattani. Name.

Submitted as Kassandra Cattani, the submitter requested an authentic name for an unspecified language/culture. Documentation was found for Cassandra as an Italian Renaissance feminine given name, but no evidence was found that a "K" spelling would be authentic in an otherwise Italian name. As such, we have changed the initial letter in the given name to a "C".

MERIDIES

Jehanne du May. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) A vol argent maintaining between its wingtips a mullet of eight points Or.

We are reblazoning her badge (reg. January 2000) to clarify that the mullet is maintained.

MIDDLE

Anna Mailander. Badge. (Fieldless) A sewing needle bendwise sinister vert surmounted by a ladybug bendwise sinister gules marked sable.

This was pended from the April 2001 LoAR because of an omitted tincture. There does not appear to be a well defined proper for ladybugs, and they can be found in various colorations when in nature. Therefore, this bug has been blazoned explicitly.

Anna z Pernštejna. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Artemas de Grimsby. Name.

Elisabeth Nedlere. Name and device. Azure, a needle inverted bendwise sinister argent winged of a dexter wing and threaded Or.

Good name!

Éva inghean uí Dochartaigh. Name.

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK

ÆTHELMEARC

Ailionóra ingen mhic Gafraidh. Device. Or, a moose's head cabossed and on a base sable a lightning bolt fesswise Or.

The moose's head cabossed is not recognizable as drawn on either the forms or the Letter of Intent. This must be returned for redrawing.

AN TIR

Dmitrii Ivanovich. Name.

Traditionally, we protect the names of rulers (though not necessarily their consorts) whether or not they have entries in an encyclopedia. Tsar and Grand Prince Ivan Vasilevich, Lord of All Russia (Ivan "the Terrible") ruled from 1547 to 1584. From 1605-1606 a man claiming to be Ivan's son Dmitrii ruled. In modern reference material, he is referred to as the "First False Dmitrii". Webster's Biographical Dictionary (p. 406) lists Ivan's real son as Dmitri Ivanovich. As such, it is logical that the First False Dmitrii ruled as Dmitri Ivanovitch. Therefore, this submission is in conflict with a historical ruler and must be returned.

Malissa of Bentfern. Name.

The problem with this name was best summarized by Kraken, "No evidence has been presented that -fern is an acceptable deuterotheme in constructing a place name; the reference to Fern Down uses it as a pseudo-protheme."

Therefore, we have no support for fern used in an English placename except as the initial element. As such, Bentfern is not a plausible placename.

Her device was registered under the holding name Malissa of Glymm Mere.

ANSTEORRA

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Award name Award of the Rising Star.

This name is being returned for lack of documentation of the construction of the order name. No documentation was provided, and the College found none, that an abstract descriptive such as Rising was used to modify a noun such as Star in period order names. Barring such documentation, this name must be returned.

Note: had such documentation been found, this name would have registerable as Award of the Rising Star of Ansteorra, since Ansteorra has a letter of permission to conflict from the owner of the household name House Rising Star, and group references (which are normally transparent for conflict purposes) can clear a conflict in conjunction with a letter of permission to conflict.

Charles le Grey. Name and device. Argent, a tierce gules.

This name is being returned for conflict with Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey, and his son Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, both of whom have their own entries in the online Britannica.

This device is in conflict with the Barony of the Eldern Hills, Argent, a mountain of three peaks issuant from base gules. The SCA currently considers a mountain to be a variant of a mount, which is a peripheral ordinary, as per the following precedents:

Mountains, as variants of mounts, should be emblazoned to occupy no more than the lower portion of the field. (Barony of Blackstone Mountain, September, 1993, pg. 10)

[a wolf statant gules atop a mount vert] The wolf appears to be neither on nor atop the mount; a blazon which more accurately reproduces the emblazon is Argent, a mount vert, overall a wolf statant gules. However, we do not register charges that overlap peripheral ordinaries. [Bastian Wolfhart, 11/99, R-Middle]

A tierce is also a peripheral ordinary. Rule X.2 does not apply between these devices, as neither device has a primary charge. Therefore, there is only one CD for difference of type of charge group on the field. We encourage the College to research whether, under some circumstances, mountains and mounts may be considered a primary charge in their own right. After all, unlike a bordure, chief or base, a mount and its variants may be couped and centrally placed on the field.

Godwin of Edington. Device. Per saltire sable and gules, a dragon segreant Or.

Conflict with Ulric Grimmheld, Sable, a dragon segreant guardant maintaining a sledge-hammer Or. There is one CD for the change in the field but nothing for change to head posture or for removing the maintained charge. It also conflicts with Arenvald von Hagenburg, Per chevron chequy Or and azure and sable, in base a dragon segreant Or. There is one CD for the change in the field. The dragon Or may not overlie the partially Or portion of the field, which makes this a forced move, worth no difference.

This submission is clear of the arms of Marynel of Darkhaven, Purpure, a dragon salient Or, its neck embowed about an edelweiss proper, with one CD for the change to the field and another for removing the secondary edelweiss. In Marynel's arms, the edelweiss doesn't touch the dragon but lies entirely on the field. If the edelweiss were in chief, rather than within the loop of the dragon's neck, it would be considered a secondary charge without any discussion. Therefore, one cannot consider the edelweiss to be a maintained charge.

Margaret MacDuff. Device. Per saltire ermine and azure, a dexter pair of wings addorsed and a sinister pair of wings addorsed argent.

Each side of the field here has, not one wing, but two. It shows two wings elevated and addorsed couped. This is visually confusing, especially as drawn here, and blurs the distinction between a single wing and a pair of wings. We also are not aware of examples, outside of crests with a helm shown in profile, showing a pair of wings elevated and addorsed like this. On a crest, the wings are separated by the width of the helmet, which helps with identifiability. Without documentation for these visually confusing "double wings" as period style, this must be returned.

A question was also raised concerning the badge of Jehanne du May, (Fieldless) A vol argent, between and conjoined to its wingtips a mullet of eight points Or. Jehanne's form shows that the mullet is not co-primary with the wings, but is significantly smaller in size. This would make the mullet a maintained charge and not worth difference. Jehanne's badge is reblazoned elsewhere in this letter.

Thus, the submitter should not try to resubmit just using single wings, as there would be a technical conflict with Jehanne du May. There would be one CD for the field, but nothing for the removal of the maintained mullet, and nothing for the difference between a pair of wings conjoined into a vol, and a pair of wings which are in the same posture but separated.

The submitter should also be encouraged to resubmit using fewer and larger ermine spots.

Reynald of Northkeep. Device. Argent, on a chess rook gules a garb argent.

No forms were received.

Shajar al-Yaasmeen. Badge. (Fieldless) A comet purpure overall a crescent azure.

The crescent has too high a proportion of overlap with the comet to be acceptable. This must be returned as per the cover letter with the November 1992 LoAR, which permitted overall charges in fieldless badges only if the area of overlap is small and all charges identifiable.

Syslye ferch Morgan. Device. Per fess azure and Or, two bees and a dragonfly counterchanged.

When drawn clearly, there is a CD between a bee and a dragonfly. However, there is significant potential for visual confusion when the two are used in the same group. In the drawing here, the types of charges are not easily distinguished from each other. Hence, this must be returned for redrawing.

ATENVELDT

Ailill Lockhart. Device. Per pale vert and gules, a falcon contourny argent.

Conflict with the badge of Rannveigr Haakonardottir, Azure, a falcon close contourny argent. There is only one CD for changes to the field. It also conflicts with Rannveigr's device, Per chevron argent and azure, in base a falcon counter-close argent. There is one CD for the field but nothing for the forced move of the bird to base.

Elzbieta Rurikovskaia. Device. Per pale azure ermined argent, and argent ermined azure, a cross formy counterchanged.

Her name was submitted as Elzbieta Rurikovna. This submission was withdrawn at the request of the submitter.

Nathaniel Constantine of Saxony. Badge. Argent, a sun sable charged with a mullet of four points argent.

The tincture of the mullet was omitted in the Letter of Intent, and no correction was issued. However, a number of commenters correctly deduced the tincture of the mullet. This is in conflict with a badge of the Shire of Smoking Rocks, (Fieldless) On a mullet of seven points pommetty sable a sperm whale naiant argent. There is a CD for fieldlessness, but nothing for changing the sun to a multipointed mullet and nothing for type only of tertiary charge on a sun. This badge also conflicts with Rudiger Macklin, Argent, scaly vert, on a compass star nowed and elongated to base sable, a winged ram salient argent. There is a CD for adding the field treatment, but again, nothing for changing the type of primary charge from a compass star nowy to a sun. A compass star nowy, with its central disk, is even more like a sun than a standard compass star or multipointed mullet. Again, there is no difference for change of type only of tertiary charge on a sun. It also conflicts with Glynn Llan-y-Rhyllwyn, Potenty gules and argent, a sun sable eclipsed argent charged with a mullet throughout sable. Here, there's one CD for the change of the field, nothing for change of type only of tertiary charge, and nothing for addition of the quaternary charge.

As well as avoiding the conflicts mentioned above, please advise the submitter to resubmit with a more standard drawing of a sun. Period suns are generally multipointed mullets (sometimes with some wavy rays) which fit into a circle. In this case, the "sun" has points elongated to chief, base, dexter, and sinister.

Steffan le Stalkere. Badge. Per pale argent and azure, a sun counterchanged.

I can do no better than to quote Kraken's commentary:

There are three conflicts with this badge. First is a badge of Atenveldt (Jan 73), Per pale argent and azure, a sun in his splendour, with the lone CD for the tincture of the sun. Next is Lettice Godfree (Oct 00), Per pale argent and azure, a compass star and a ford counterchanged, with one CD for adding the ford but none for a compass star versus a sun. Last is Shron Ravenhair's badge for House Sun Star (Sep 84), Per pale argent and azure, on a sun a mullet of four points, all counterchanged, with one CD for the tertiary mullet. All of these are two CD's from Steffen's device, so the Grandfather Clause does not apply in any instance.

CAID

Angus Sturmisbroke. Device. Azure, a bat-winged tyger sejant affronty head to dexter and in chief a cloud argent.

This tyger's identity is completely lost due to the uncommon posture of the tyger, the particular rendition with the head obscured by the wing, and the uncommon bat-winged charge variant. This appears to be a dragon under any but the closest scrutiny. The identifying nose tusk of the tyger is laid against the no-contrast wing, the ears of the tyger are much like a dragon's, and any other details of the body are obscured by the sejant affronty position. This must be returned for unidentifiability. In a different posture, with all the body parts clearly visible, the bat-winged tyger should be identifiable.

Eiríkr Mjoksiglandi Sigurðarson and Astridr Selr Leifsdóttir. Joint badge. (Fieldless) A phoenix rising from an estoile of eight rays Or.

Conflict with Harald Haakonson, Per chevron argent and vert, in base a phoenix Or. There's one CD for the change to the field but nothing for position on the field versus a fieldless badge. The phoenix rising from an estoile of eight rays is too visually similar to a phoenix to be given difference from a phoenix. The rays of the estoile are much like the tongues of flame, albeit with one or two tongues of flame defying the laws of gravity.

Similarly, this conflicts with Jessica Llyrindi of Northmarch, Gyronny sable and gules, a phoenix Or, issuant from flames proper. There is one CD for the fiel, but nothing for the change of one-fourth of the tincture of the charge (the half of the flame that is gules).

The few errant downwards tongues of flame which cause a flame to be shaped like an estoile would not be surprising in a period depiction of an animal or object enflamed. For a late period example, there is the collar of the Order of the Holy Spirit (France). This order was founded in 1578. The collar contains plaques which include a gold fleur-de-lis issuing flames gules. The funeral effigy of Marshal Alphonse d'Omano, c. 1610, shows him wearing the early (pre-1595) collar, and each fleur-de-lys is shown issuing four flames, which are radially disposed saltirewise, which is to say, the bases of the flames are inwards, so the bottommost flames have the rays extending downwards and outwards. Similarly, in a drawing showing the collar of the Holy Spirit under Henri III (at the order's founding), the fleurs-de-lys are also shown with four flames radially disposed saltirewise. Hervé Pinoteau describes these plaques as "fleurs de lis d'or ornées de flames rouges", showing that the direction of the flames was not explicitly blazoned. As with most such chivalric and livery collars, the items used to make up the collar are generally compatible with contemporary period heraldic art style and are frequently heraldic charges.

Elspeth Colquhoun. Device. Purpure, a panther passant guardant argent incensed proper spotted of roundels of diverse tinctures.

This is in conflict with the badge of Sterling de Seincler, (Fieldless) A panther courant facing dexter argent. There is one CD for fieldlessness. There is no CD for the difference between passant and courant, per the August 2001 LoAR. As of the LoAR of October 1999, the spots of a panther do not contribute to its tincture. Moreover, Sterling's panther is detailed with the outlines of spots, which increases the resemblance. Unfortunately, this beautiful armory must be returned.

Emeline Vigamerr. Name.

The documentation submitted for the byname Vigamerr was "Viga is found in GierBassi[sic] on p. 29., meaning 'battle' and merr is found on p. 25 with the cited meaning 'mare.'" This documentation supports a byname of viga and an unrelated byname of merr. It does not provide support for combining the two elements into a byname. Without evidence that a byname meaning 'battle-mare' is reasonable in Old Norse, the byname Vigamerr is not registerable.

The armory was registered under the holding name Emeline of Starkhafn.

Gerhard von Regensburg. Name change from Gerhard of Nordvald.

No forms were received.

Gilbert Rhys MacLachlan. Reblazon of device. Azure, two chevronels argent overall a Latin cross fleury counterchanged all within a bordure dovetailed argent.

The Administrative Handbook mandates that an error in blazon which requires correction via a Letter of Intent must also include an emblazon in the Letter of Intent. The Letter of Intent did not provide such an emblazon in the Letter of Intent, although a copy of the old form with the emblazon was provided in the package to Wreath. This is therefore being returned for lack of necessary paperwork.

Kentsuki no Ujitora Kaito Tamashi. Name.

This name is being returned for a number of problems.

The first problem is lack of documentation of the combinations of Kanji characters (rendered here in the Romaji transliteration) included in each element (clan name, clan branch, yobina, and nanori) of the name. Though we only register the Romaji transliteration of a Japanese name, the underlying Kanji characters give the meaning to each element of the name. Japanese is a pictographic language. As such, elements only combine in groups that make conceptual sense to the medieval Japanese mind.

A second problem with this submission is that it mixes onyomi (Chinese) and kunyomi (Japanese) readings of the Kanji characters in a single name element. The elements Kentsuki and Kaito have this problem.

The third problem is that some of the underlying Kanji used in this name are only documented as deuterothemes (used in the last half of a name element), but they are included in this submission as prothemes (used in the first half of a name element). Documentation of a Kanji character as a deuterotheme does not serve as documentation for the same Kanji as a protheme. The elements Ujitora and Tamashi both use prothemes and deuterothemes in undocumented locations.

The submitter constructed the clan name Ujitora, the clan branch Kentsuki, the yobina (common name) Kaito, and the nanori (official given name) Tamashi by choosing elements from Solveig Throndardottír's Name Construction in Medieval Japan (NCMJ) and combining them. Solveig details some issues with this submission (all references from NCMJ):

[Kentsuki] The problem with KEN on page 310 is that it is an ONYOMI reading used as a prototheme in [a] yobina. All of the examples except for Takebe use the ONYOMI reading and are yobina. Takebe is one of the special occupational -be names. Consequently, Kentsuki just does not work for a surname, a clan name, a nanori or as a yobina. It also fails as a place name. Tsuki does appear as a deuterotheme in precisely one attested surname on page 240. It is taking a kunyomi reading as indicated by the lower case reading. I am pretty sure that I told people in the text to avoid mixing onyomi and kunyomi readings in single names. Regardless, there is precisely one name in the entire pamphlet which uses the tsuki theme.

[Ujitora] Uji on page 185 is a kunyomi reading and shows up pretty much exclusively as an element in a yobina. The only other example is the female name Ujiko which can not be used to justify other forms except possibly forming a masculine yobina which is incompatible with a nanori form. He is slotting [Ujitora] in in a place which suggests that he is trying to make a yobina. [...] Tora would pretty much have to slot as a prototheme in a yobina. The one possibility is that he is trying to construct a yobina which would be slotted as the last part of his name and not the second and would not be prefixed by the no. Tora does appear as a deuterotheme for nanori as shown on page 169. The problem with Ujitora as a nanori is that it does not make a whole lot of sense from the standpoint of meaning. If you look at the various attested modifiers for -tora on page 169, you will notice that the protothemes tend to give attributes rather than being nominal. Uji on page 185 is clearly nominal and with the sole exception of the female name already mentioned is strictly a deuterotheme. Thus, a strict deuterotheme is being misapplied as a prototheme. So what we have here is a case where someone has tried to combine two deuterothemes to construct a name of unknown type. If he had given a name type, I might be able to be more helpful. However, this time he did succeed in combining two kunyomi readings.

[Kaito] KAI on page 251 shows up in a single name which happens to be a Homyo (Buddhist religious name). to [on p. 279 - the LoI typoed the page number as 219] appears only in the surname Aoto. TO [also on p. 279] appears only in ancient feminine names ending in -me.

[Tamashi] [Solveig did not comment on TA] ma- appears only as a prototheme for the surname Makabe. SHI (notice the ONYOMI reading) only appears as a middle theme in very early feminine names ending in -me. Thus, its position in this name can not be supported.

Additionally, though no is included in the spoken name, it is not included in the written name.

As there are four editions of NCMJ, simply citing a page number is not useful. The header needs to be included in the documentation as well.

We would like to thank the submitter for including with his documentation, the specific Kanji characters that were combined in the elements of this name. We do not register the Kanji characters; instead we register the Romaji transliteration. But as multiple Kanji characters have the same pronunciation, it made researching the name easier to know which Kanji were used to create the submitted name.

The armory has been registered under the holding name Richard of Dreiburgen.

Leifr Jónsson. Name.

Conflict with Leifr Jóhansson (reg. Aug 1992 via Atlantia). As noted by Kraken, "Both names mean 'Leifr son of John' and RfS V.1.a.ii.(a) indicates that as such the two bynames conflict."

Rasha al-Badr. Name.

This submission is being returned for improper construction of the byname. Al-Jamal summarizes the problem:

"Al-Badr is a laqaab based on the given name Badr." But laqabs are not created from given names. They are sometimes related to given names (Rashid and al-Rashid, for example) but the one does not necessarily lead to the other.

No documentation was provided, nor was any found that a byname meaning 'the moon' is a reasonable descriptive byname in Arabic. Were such documentation found, this byname would still need to change somewhat since laqabs must match in gender to the given name and al-Badr is masculine not feminine.

This name could have been registered as Rasha bint Badr using Badr as her father's given name. However, changing the byname from 'the moon' to 'daughter of [a man whose name happens to mean 'moon']' is a major change. Since the submitter did not allow major changes, we must return this submission.

Robert of Gresewode. Name and device. Or, five birds volant two one and two sable.

The sum total of the submitted documentation for the byname of Gresewode was "Gresewode is a plausible placename from Ekwall". This is woefully inadequate. No evidence was given as to why kingdom believes Gresewode is a plausible placename. At the very least, the examples that kingdom believes support the byname in Ekwall should have been listed. The College of Arms searched Ekwall, Mills, and other sources looking for support for this placename. All of the placenames that we were able to find that had spellings similar to Grese- meant either 'grassy' or 'gravelly'. We were able to find neither of these meanings combined with a word that refers to a 'wood' or 'forest'. As such, the two elements do not seem to be compatible. Therefore, we are returning this name for lack of documentation of the byname of Gresewode.

This device conflicts with Cigfran o Gaer Walch, Or, six ravens close sable. There is one CD for posture for volant versus close. There is no CD for number for five vs six charges per X4.f. There is no CD for type for ravens vs generic birds, as here. There is no CD for arrangement, since six charges cannot be two one and two, and five charges cannot be arranged three two and one.

CALONTIR

Agnes de Lanvallei. Badge. Per chevron inverted azure and gules, a leaf bendwise sinister argent.

The line of division is too high up for a proper per chevron inverted line. On a round form, one cannot say that a line of division issues from the chief or from the sides of the escutcheon, as there are no corners to distinguish these portions of the round form. However, the proportions of this emblazon are such that the per chevron inverted line would issue from the chief or from the top corners of the shield if this were a standard heater shape. A per chevron inverted line must issue from the sides of the shield.

This artwork cannot represent any of the other myriad "inverted triangle" armorial designs for various reasons: chiefs triangular can't be overlain by an overall charge, piles extend much farther to base and issue from the chief, and chaussé extends all the way to base. Therefore this must be returned for redrawing.

Both leaves and feathers are found in English heraldry and do not seem to be considered variants of each other in period. Thus, this is clear from the badge of Silver Quill Pursuivant, (Tinctureless) A quill bendwise sinister within a roundel. Even if the roundel is just an indication of a shape for armorial display, rather than an actual charge, there is one CD for fieldlessness and another for charge type.

Corrigan mac Cainnich. Name.

This name was submitted as a new name both on Calontir's March 24, 2001 LoI and their May 25, 2001 LoI. The March 24th submission of this name was returned in the July 2001 LoAR which stated:

The documentation for the given name consisted of a S. Gabriel report that says "O Corrigan is an English form of the Gaelic name Ó Corragáin. That name may derive from a given name Corrigán, but we have no evidence that such a name existed. Not all O surnames derive from given names, but Corragán certainly looks like a given name. If it existed, it was extremely rare and probably used only in the early Middle Ages." Please note that the report explicitly says that the Academy did not find evidence that the given name existed. Until such evidence is provided we have to return this.

As the submission in the May 25th LoI added no information to refute the above ruling, it is still applicable.

Roise inghean ui Ruaidhri. Device. Gules, on a fess rayonny argent fimbriated sable between two arrows fesswise reversed Or three roses proper.

The name was submitted as Roise ni Ruaidhri and registered in the above form.

The device form shows a fess rayonny argent fimbriated sable. While varying degrees of outline thickness may be allowed due to artistic license, this artwork cannot reasonably be interpreted any other way, since the outlines of all the other charges are a normal, much thinner, line. We do not allow charges argent fimbriated sable on a gules field. This must be returned for redrawing.

LOCHAC

None.

MERIDIES

None.

MIDDLE

Anna z Pernštejna. Device. Vert, a bull's head caboshed Or, for augmentation, in chief a lance fesswise argent dependent therefrom a pennant bearing Argent, a pale gules, overall a dragon passant vert, in chief a laurel wreath proper.

The armory on the pennant isn't the Midrealm arms, as stated on the LoI, because it does not include the crown. It does include a laurel wreath, which may not be used in personal armory, even in an augmentation (see Jan w Orzeldom, Ansteorra returns, April 1992 LoAR). The arms of a branch without either laurel wreath or crown may be used as an augmentation on personal arms (see Jonathan DeLaufyson Macebearer, Ansteorra returns, August 1988 LoAR).

Unfortunately, the College can only register the emblazons it receives, and we only received the emblazon for the augmented device. Since we have no emblazon received for the unaugmented device, it cannot be registered at this time. That would be akin to making a "holding device", which is not acceptable by College of Arms policy.

Dyfwn Wen Ysginydd. Device change. Purpure, a sea unicorn argent between three oak leaves fesswise Or.

This is drawn as a unicornate seahorse, not as a sea-unicorn. Unicornate seahorses were ruled unregisterable in the LoAR of August 1998 (Osandrea Elspeth Gabrielle de le Bete, Artemisia returns).

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE APRIL LAUREL MEETING

ANSTEORRA

Emma de Fetherstan. Badge. (Fieldless) An escallop gules.

The escallop was pasted into the LoI upside down. As a result, this must be pended for further conflict research.

CAID

Bj{o,}rn húrsvartr. Device. Gyronny argent and gules, a winged bear rampant sable collared Or, a bordure dovetailed sable.

The Letter of Intent omitted the sable tincture of the bear. Thus, this armory is pended for further conflict research.

The name, registered above, was submitted as Bjorn Svarthúr, "{o,}" here represents "o ogonek", an "o" with a small hook below it, a letter used in Old Norse.

Ghislaine d'Auxerre. Badge. (Fieldless) A pantheon's head erased azure semy of compass stars argent, gorged of a coronet of trefoils and pearls Or.

A question was raised in commentary as to whether this form of coronet, using alternating trefoils and pearls on points, was a variation of a coronet which the SCA would consider reserved to a rank other than baron. It specifically looked to the one commenter like an SCA ducal coronet.

There is some reason to believe that the trefoil shape may be an acceptable variant of the three-lobed strawberry leaf. Von Volborth's Heraldry-Customs, Rules and Styles shows numerous cases where strawberry leaves are drawn, in small depictions of the coronet, as trefoils. The specific form of coronet found in this submission, with alternating leaves/trefoils and pearls, is given by Von Volborth in the 18th C both for German barons and for Danish counts. Von Volborth, Brooke-Little's An Heraldic Alphabet, and The Oxford Guide to Heraldry all show coronets of alternating strawberry leaves/trefoils and pearls as a coronet for an English marquess.

At the meeting, staff was able to find one period example of this coronet. Gelre shows a coronet of alternating trefoils and pearls on points in the achievement of the Duke of Saxony (fol. 36), and the treatment of the crancelin in the arms of Saxony is the same. Gelre's pearls are slightly pointed on top rather than being entirely round.

We would like to solicit comments from the College on the general issue of whether this is an acceptable coronet for SCA use, and the circumstances in which its use would be appropriate. Please also specifically address the use of this coronet by an SCA baron or baroness.

Created at 2001-12-30T23:23:45