AN TIR An Tir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Ounce Herald. Ounce is cited from the OED as "a name originally given to the common lynx, afterwards extended to other species, and still sometimes applied to the Canada lynx and other species. From 16th Century applied to various other small or moderate-sized feline beasts, vaguely identified." Given this definition, Ounce falls into the category of an item which may be used as a heraldic charge. Heraldic titles were routinely based on heraldic charges. Caliste de Cholet. Name change from Ysabell of Snowshill. Her previous name, Ysabell of Snowshill, is released. Catrina Makcrie of Berwick. Name and device. Per fess gules and sable, a demi-sun issuant from the line of division Or and two needles in saltire argent. Submitted as Catrina Mackrae of Berwick, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Scottish and allowed any changes. No evidence was found that the spelling Mackrae was used in period. We have changed the spelling of the byname to a form dated to 1586 in Black (p. 479 s.n. Maccrae) to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Charis Percehay. Name and device. Or, a unicorn couchant sable and in chief a vine of roses fesswise proper. Submitted as Charis Pursey, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C English and allowed any changes. Pursey was submitted as an undated header spelling in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Percy), and no evidence was found that it is appropriate to the submitter's desired time period. Therefore, to meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the spelling of the byname to Percehay which Bardsley (p. 598 s.n. Percy) dates to 1563. Charis Percehay. Badge. (Fieldless) A unicorn's head erased sable sustaining in its mouth a rose slipped and leaved proper. Daniel Tremayne. Name and device. Or, a lymphad reversed sails unfurled sable and in chief three decrescents azure all within a bordure sable. Good name! Please advise the submitter to draw the bordure wider. The College of Arms should recall that lymphads, by default, have the sails furled and the oars in action. If the sail is unfurled, as here, it must be blazoned. The state of the oars (which are omitted in this emblazon) is too small a detail to require blazoning. Elonda Blue Haven. Device reblazon. Azure, sem{e'} of lightning flashes bendwise sinister Or, a sinister hand cupped in profile fesswise argent maintaining in its palm a flame gules fimbriated Or. Her previous blazon, Azure, sem{e'} of lightning flashes bendwise sinister Or, a sinister hand fesswise argent maintaining in its palm a flame proper, did not clearly describe the posture of the hand. Since the device needed to be reblazoned for clarity, the flame "proper" has also been reblazoned to describe it more accurately under current blazon practices. Elonda Blue Haven. Badge. (Fieldless) A sinister hand cupped in profile fesswise sustaining in its palm a tree Or. By current precedent, "The cupped hand is neither a documented nor a recognizable position." (LoAR April 2000, p. 18). However, it is grandfathered to the submitter, who has the same sort of design in her registered device (reblazoned in this letter), Azure, sem{e'} of lightning flashes bendwise sinister Or, a sinister hand cupped in profile fesswise argent maintaining in its palm a flame gules fimbriated Or. Gemma Meen. Name (see RETURNS for device). Listed on the LoI as Gemma Meene, this name was originally submitted as Gemma Meena and changed at kingdom as no documentation had been found for the submitted spelling of the byname. The submitter requested authenticity for the 14th-15th C (no culture specified) and allowed any changes. Gemma is documented as English. Meene is an undated header in Bahlow. There is no indication in this entry whether the name is appropriate to the submitter's desired time period. An authentic name that mixes German and English elements would be rendered all in German or all in English depending upon the language of the document. To meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the byname to a spelling appropriate to her desired time period. Reaney & Wilson (p. 305 s.n. Mean) dates John le Meen to 1340. As le was often omitted from bynames in this time period, we have omitted it here to match more closely the submitted form. Griffin {O'} F{a'}el{a'}in. Device. Vert, a griffin passant argent charged on the shoulder with a fleur-de-lys vert a chief engrailed argent semy of quatrefoils vert. Gwenevere McAy. Name. Submitted as Gwenevere MacAoidh, the submitter requested authenticity for 1200 or earlier Scots for the surname and allowed any changes. She also requested a form of Gwenevere appropriate for this time and culture, if possible. Scots is a language that closely resembles English. The earliest surviving Scots language document dates to the 14th C. While there was certainly a precursor to Scots, we are unable to conjecture what form a name would take in that language, as records were kept in Latin. The submitted MacAoidh is in Gaelic, not Scots. Since patronymic bynames were literal in Gaelic in our period, MacAoidh, 'son of Aodh', would not be used as a woman's byname, since she cannot be anyone's son. The form of this byname that would appear in a woman's name in pre-1200 is ingen {E'}da in pre-1200 Scottish Gaelic and inghean Aoidh in post-1200 Scottish Gaelic. Black (p. 522 s.n. MacKay) dates the form McAy to a. 1329. As this example is from a confirmation of land from Robert I, the original is almost certainly in Latin, but this form is plausible for Scots as well. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register the name. As the College was unable to find evidence that any form of Gwenevere was used in Scotland in period, we were unable to make her name authentic as requested. Gyory Sandor. Name and device. Per pale gules and vert, on a patriarchal cross between two doves respectant argent an arrow sable. As Gyory is a locative byname in Hungarian, this name may be registered with the byname preceding the given name. Khulan Shizir. Name. Leif McBride. Device change. Argent, a unicorn and on a chief engrailed sable three suns argent. The submitter's previous device, Azure, a unicorn rampant contourny and on a chief engrailed argent three suns azure, is released. L{o'}egaire Mac Lochlainn. Name and device. Sable, on a bend argent three arrows palewise gules and in sinister chief a mullet argent. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Irish and allowed minor changes. L{o'}egaire is a pre-1200 spelling of this masculine given name. The form of this name that follows spelling conventions of Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200-c. 1700) is Laoghaire. However, no evidence was found that this given name remained in use as a given name after the 9th C. Lacking such evidence, we were unable to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Mariette Devienne. Device. Per chevron fleury counter-fleury vert and Or, two fleurs-de-lys Or and a rapier sable. Myles of Connacht. Name. The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Irish and allowed no changes. Myles is a name that was introduced to Ireland by the Anglo-Normans. As such, it was not used in Ireland as early as the 10th C. Thorin Njalsson. Release of badge. (Fieldless) A puffin's head erased proper [Fratercula arctica]. Vincent of Hawksheye. Name and device. Sable, in pale a wolf's head cabossed and two swords in saltire within an orle argent overall a label Or. He has permission to conflict with Agelos Evienece, Sable, in pale a wolf's head cabossed and two swords in saltire, within an orle argent. ANSTEORRA Adelaide de Bourbon. Device. Argent semy-de-lys vert, a panther passant sable incensed gules. Angus de Botha. Device. Argent, three roses in fess sable. Anne Elizabeth Ross. Device. Azure, on a lozenge argent a thistle proper a chief embattled argent. Brigid of Kincarn. Name and device. Gyronny sable and Or, a lozenge within a bordure azure. Submitted as Brigid of Kincairn, the submitter requested authenticity for Scottish language/culture and allowed minor changes. Kincairn was submitted as a constructed locative. The submitted form combines the Anglicized Irish or Scots Kin- and the Gaelic -cairn. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Therefore, the submitted form is in violation of this rule. There was some question about whether these elements would have been combined in a period placename. Members of the College found Kincairn as the name of a World War II-era RAF station near Stirling and as a parish in Perthshire in the 18th C. However, no evidence was found that either location existed in period. Speed's The Counties of Britain (map of Leinster, p. 279, map drawn 1610) lists Can Karne al. Karone on the coast of Ireland. This location combines the same elements as in the hypothesized Kincairn, though in an Anglicized Irish form. This location also appears in a second map in Speed (p. 271, map of Ireland, map drawn 1610) as Can Carne. Therefore, the elements may be combined as the submitter constructed and a locative byname using one of these spellings (Can Karne, Can Karone, or Can Carne) would be registerable. However, they would refer to an Irish placename. Since the submitter requested authenticity for Scottish, we have changed the byname to Kincarn, which is dated to 1536 as an alternate spelling of Kincardine in Johnston (s.n. Kincardine). We were unable to meet the submitter's request for authenticity because we were unable to find evidence that Brigid was used in Scotland in our period except as the name of foreign saints. The lozenge was blazoned on the LoI as a fusil. "Fusils do not have an independent existence as a charge" (LoAR 1/91). The term fusil may be used when describing a group of lozenges conjoined into an ordinary, such as a bend or fess fusilly. The Letter of Intent asked whether an azure charge may be identifiable on a partially sable gyronny field. RfS VIII.2.a.ii indicates that this is a legal color combination as long as identifiability is preserved. This emblazon maintains identifiability due to the simple outline of the lozenge. Christiana O'Ruarke. Name and device. Sable, in pale a swan naiant and a rose argent. Elizabeth Curry. Household name Greyhound Pack. There are two issues that need to be addressed for this submission. The first issue is whether Pack is acceptable as a household designator. The documentation provided in the LoI for use of Pack was: The Oxford English Dictionary, Vol. 9, pg. 39, s.n. pack defines it as a company or set of persons and dates the word packe to 1578. The Middle English Dictionary, Part P.1, Sherman M. Kuhn, ed., published 1981, University of Michigan Press on pg. 560, s.n. pak defines the word as an assemblage of people; a company, band and dates the word pak to 1425 and pack to 1400. Given this definition, if we register Company and Band as household designators, we should also permit Pack. There are at least forty registrations of household names with the designator Company (not including variant spellings). There are three registrations that include some form of the word Band as the designator: The Blue Band (Fionnbh{a'}rr Starfyr of the Isles, October 1996), Drafen War Band (Gregory of York, April 1983), and Warband die Steiner Wache (Canton of Steinsee, April 1997). As Company and Band are registerable as household designators, Pack is as well. The second issue is whether the combination of elements in this submission is intrusively modern, which has previously been cause for return: [Artemisia, Principality of. Name for the Artemisian Tank Corps.] The name here is intrusively modern. The fact that the individual elements may be period (though with different meanings than the submitters are desirous of) is overwhelmed by the modern connotations of the phrase. (LoAR 02/91, R-Atenveldt) Grayhound was used in a period sign name, The Syne of the Grayhound, dated to 1522 on p. 83 (section 1, column 1) of William Jerdan, ed., "The Visit of the Emperor Charles V to England, A.D. 1522", Rutland Papers (Camden Society, 1842). Commenters voiced concern that Greyhound Pack was overly reminiscent of a group of dogs, specifically greyhounds. In the precedent above, a Tank Corps is not a period type of assembled group. The combination of Tank and Corps combined to form what could be viewed as a designator that was certainly not a period concept. In this case, a group of greyhounds is a period concept. Therefore, the secondary meaning of Greyhound Pack falls into the same category as Drew Steele. Both may be considered "joke names", but both are period concepts and so are not excessively obtrusive. Tank Corps falls into the same category as Porsche Audi, which was returned in August of 1992: The fact that this is a "joke name" is not, in and of itself, a problem. The College has registered a number of names, perfectly period in formation, that embodied humor: Drew Steele, Miles Long, and John of Somme Whyre spring to mind as examples. They may elicit chuckles (or groans) from the listener, but no more. Intrusively modern names grab the listener by the scruff of the neck and haul him, will he or nill he, back into the 20th Century. A name that, by its very presence, destroys any medieval ambience is not a name we should register. (Porsche Audi, Returned, LoAR 08/92, pg. 28) Therefore, as Pack is a registerable household designator and Greyhound Pack is not obtrusively modern, this household name is registerable. Elyssa de Orozco. Name. Elyssa is her legal given name. {E'}ta{i'}n O'Rowarke. Name and device. Per pale vert and argent, on a chess rook a shamrock counterchanged. Submitted as {E'}ta{i'}n O'Rourke, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th or 16th C Irish and allowed minor changes. The submitted name is a mix of Irish Gaelic and Anglicized Irish. An authentic name would be rendered all in one language or the other depending upon the language of the record. Woulfe (p. 636 s.n. {O'} Ruairc) lists O'Rourke as a modern Anglicized form. This entry lists O Ruairc and O Rowarke as Anglicized forms dated to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. We have changed the byname to the second form (with the optional apostrophe added) to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. {E'}ta{i'}n ingen u{i'} Ruairc would be an authentic 12th C Irish Gaelic form of this name. Evrard de Mascon. Name. Submitted as {E'}vrard de M{a^}con, he submitter requested authenticity for the 14th C. Colm Dubh's article, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris", lists both Evrardin and Evrart. We have removed the accent from the given name to match these examples. A locative byname referring to the town of M{a^}con is appropriate for his desired time period. We did not find examples of this byname from the 14th C. We did find the Latin form Masconis dated to the 9th C in Dauzat & Rostaing (p. 421 s.n. M{a^}con). Since the circumflex would not have been used in the 14th C, Mascon is a reasonable spelling for that time period. Gate's Edge, Canton of. Badge. (Fieldless) A sinister gauntlet vert within and grasping the top of a closed fetterlock argent. Ivo Blackhawk. Device. Argent, two chevronels gules and overall an eagle displayed sable. This does not conflict with Caitlin Stuart, Argent, two chevronels gules, overall a dragon passant sable, gorged of a crown embattled, dependent therefrom a chain Or. There is one CD for changing the type of the overall charge and another for changing its posture. There is no limit on cumulative differences for changes to an overall charge group: both RfS X.4.e (type) and X.4.h (posture) independently apply to "any group placed directly on the field, including strewn charges or charges overall". While there is no exact posture comparison that can be made between dragons and eagles, these charges can both be affronty (such as displayed), in dexter-facing postures (such as close or passant) and in sinister facing postures (such as rising to sinister or rampant to sinister). There is meaningful difference between an affronty posture and a dexter-facing posture: [Purpure, a bend sinister between two falcons rising wings addorsed Or] This is clear of ... Purpure, a bend sinister between two glaive heads addorsed Or; there is a CD for the type of secondaries, as well as a CD for orientation. (This CD is granted because both charges have the ability to be addorsed, and the falcons are not.) (LoAR 9/00) This is also clear of conflict with Manfred, King of Sicily (important non-SCA arms), Argent, an eagle displayed sable. This possible conflict was mentioned by some commenters for a variety of reasons. Which is the primary charge group in this device? In current SCA policy, overall charges are not primary charges. Their addition is considered a CD by RfS X.4.c, based on a period pattern of adding overall charges to a coat of arms to indicate cadency. Therefore, this device is clear of Manfred by adding the (underlying) primary charge group by RfS X.1. Should the two chevrons be considered equivalent to a chevronelly field? No evidence was presented, and none could be found, that two chevronels were an artistic variant of chevronelly in period. The two designs seem visually distinct as well. Therefore, the difference in the previous paragraph still applies. Chevronelly argent and gules, an eagle displayed sable would have been in conflict with Manfred. Is this in visual conflict with Manfred? It is true that this design uses the opposite of the common period method of using overall charges. This design uses a complicated charge to surmount simple ordinaries. The usual period method uses a simple ordinary (often a variant of a bend or bend sinister) to surmount a base coat using more complicated charges. However, this departure from expectation does not obscure the visual realities of this emblazon. The eagle clearly overlies the chevronels, rather than the other way around. Katrine la Escolpiera. Name. Kimbel Ross. Name and device. Or, a cross nowy of a lozenge azure charged on the nowy portion with four lozenges in cross Or. Malachi Morgan. Device. Per bend sable and gules, a bend cotised between two lions argent. Monica de la Cueva. Device. Ermine, a pomegranate slipped and leaved vert seeded gules within a bordure sable. Morgan Buchanan. Device. Or, a pale and on a chief azure three suns Or. Ochoa Ramirez de Orozco. Name. Good name! Paloma de Orozco. Name. Paloma is her legal given name. Reviaka Rostovskoi. Device. Argent, a pall inverted purpure between two compass stars gules and a Latin cross bottony sable. Sib{e'}al inghean u{i'} Ruairc. Device. Sable, two winged stags combattant argent. Please advise the submitter to move the stags a bit lower on the field so that they are more centered. This is clear of conflict with Sorcha Kilcullen, Sable, two winged unicorns combattant argent and in base a three-towered castle Or. There is one CD for adding the castle, and at least another CD for changing the type of charge from winged unicorn to winged stag. Sorcha ingen Ragnaill. Name. Wilhelm von Winkelried. Device. Argent, a bend sinister dovetailed vert between two octofoils azure. Please advise the submitter to use a regular outline for the bend sinister, rather than a thick computer-generated jagged outline. ATENVELDT {A'}ine inghean u{i'} Ghr{i'}obhtha. Name (see RETURNS for device). Submitted as {A'}ine inghean u{i'} Gr{i'}obhtha, the submitter requested authenticity for 9th to 11th C Irish Gaelic and allowed any changes. The submitted name (with lenition added to the patronymic) is a fine name for 15th C Ireland. However, since the patronymic derives from Gruffydd/Griffin, a name which was introduced to Ireland by the Anglo-Normans, we were unable to make this name authentic for her desired time period. Alaric Gr{u:}mper. Name (see RETURNS for device). Alicia of Granite Mountain. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron argent and purpure, two fleurs-de-lys azure and a quaver argent. The musical note drawn here is a lozenge with a vertical stem rising from the sinister end. While this is the standard SCA form in the Pictorial Dictionary, further research has not been able to show this form of musical note as a period musical note. It continues to be registerable, but submitters should be advised that the standard form of such a note would have the stem rising from the top point of the lozenge. To quote from previous precedent: According to the PicDic, 2nd ed., # 520, "A musical note is ... commonly represented as a lozenge or an ovoid roundel with a vertical stem at one end." The 'musical note' here is not a period form, but a modern (post-period) one. This one neither matches the semiminim note in the Pictorial Dictionary (a lozenge shape with a vertical line from the sinister corner; this version has been superseded by newer research) nor the form the newer research has shown (a lozenge shape with a vertical line from the top corner). (LoAR 3/98 p. 16) For those interested in the "newer research" mentioned in this LoAR, the documentation for that submission's form of musical note was from Willi Apel's The Notation of Polyphonic Music 900-1600, fifth edition. The analysis indicating that the current standard form of SCA musical note is not found in period musical notation was provided by Magister Klement St. Christoph. Submitted under the name Alicia Nicole Burcet. Brendan mac Artuir ap Alan. Device reblazon. Per bend gules and sable, a sun Or held in sinister base by a cupped sinister hand in profile fesswise couped proper, all within a bordure Or. His previous blazon was Per bend gules and sable, a sinister hand fesswise couped proper, holding a sun, all within a bordure Or. It has been changed to clarify the posture of the hand and to show that the sun is the primary charge. Daniel de Neuf-Claire. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, a single-headed chess knight counterchanged. Submitted as Daniel de la Neu Claire, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C French and allowed minor changes. The submitted byname de la Neu Claire is not a plausible construction. Claire is a placename dated to 1285 in Dauzat & Rostaing (p. 193 s.n. Claira, subheader C.-du-Bois). Since this location was named Claire, not la Claire, any "new" Claire would not contain la either. No evidence was found that Neu could be prepended to a formal place name (rather than a toponymic like ville) to form a new placename. Dauzat & Rostaing (p. 493 s.n. Neuf-Berquin) dates Neuf-Berquin to the 14th C. Given this example, a place named Neuf-Claire is plausible. Fri{dh}rekr berserkr. Name. Iamys MacMurray de Morayshire. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Paly vert and argent, two wyverns erect respectant sable and on a chief azure three mullets argent. There was some question about whether this name violated the prohibition of registering clan names in conjunction with clan seats. The Murray family derives their name from the land they were given, today known as Moray or Morayshire. MacMurray is a Scots or Anglicized Irish form of Mac Muireadhaigh, meaning 'son of Muireadhach'. These are separate and distinct families. Therefore, while Iamys Murray de Morayshire would be presumptuous by being equivalent to Murray of Moray, Iamys MacMurray de Morayshire is not presumptuous. Ianuk Raventhorne. Device. Argent, a pale engrailed gules between a single-horned anvil reversed and a raven close affronty sable. Ivan Petrovich. Name. Katherine Scarlett Hawkins. Name. Oddr {o:}lf{u'}ss the Tanner. Name and device. Per chevron gules and Or, two drinking horns Or and a leatherworker's head knife sable. The submitter requested "assistance in finding the Norse word for 'tanner', so that the entire name can be rendered into a single language." Unfortunately, doing so would make this name unregisterable, as double nicknames have been ruled unregisterable in Old Norse, lacking supporting documentation of use of multiple nicknames simultaneously: ... the double nickname is even more problematical. It's true that Geirr Bassi says that some Norseman had more than one nickname simultaneously; however, he does not say that more than one would actually have been used in a given instantiation of the name, and we have no examples to show what kinds of combinations were actually used. Two purely descriptive nicknames with roughly the same sense seems an unlikely combination. It seems especially unlikely for someone who is apparently a slave: Geirr says that in general only slaves had no patronymic or metronymic. Had one of the nicknames been preposed, we'd have given the construction the benefit of the doubt on the grounds that in some of the historical examples a preposed nickname seems almost to have become part of the given name; unfortunately, it is not clear that either of them can be. It is possible that with further research this name could be adequately justified; at present, however, it contains too many problematic elements for comfort. (Gr{i'}mr Bl{o'}{dh}{u'}lfr Berserkr, 2/96 p. 18) Reaney & Wilson (p. 439 s.n. Tanner) date William le Tanner to 1256. This is early enough to avoid a weirdness for temporal disparity, so the submitted name only has a weirdness for mixing Old Norse and English. In English, the pattern [given name] [descriptive byname] [occupational byname] is unexceptional. As the problematic element (the occupational byname as a second byname in a Norse name) is unexceptional in this position in the language in which it is submitted (English), this name is registerable. Regarding the submitter's request for a form of 'tanner' appropriate to Old Norse, Geirr Bassi lists br{a'}k 'a tanner's tool, spreader' and hvitale{dh}r 'white leather'. Either of these bynames would be appropriate to a tanner. Given the information in Geirr Bassi, a man named Oddr who was a tanner and who had acquired the descriptive byname {o:}lf{u'}ss ('desirous of beer') would sometimes be called Oddr {o:}lf{u'}ss and sometimes Oddr br{a'}k (or Oddr hvitale{dh}r). The device submission used wax-based crayons for the colors on the form. This resulted in a very brownish Or, and was almost a reason for return. Please do not use wax-based crayons on forms: the colors do not always stay true, the metallics fade particularly quickly, and wax crayons have been known to melt and stick to other items in the forms file or binder. The administrative handbook suggests Crayola Classic markers in the General Procedures section (AH IV.C.1): "The preferred medium for colored armory sets is to use watercolor markers such as Crayola Classic Markers. Any form of neon or pastel markers or pencils are inappropriate for the colored armory sets". Raven Mayne. Name. Robert de Bere. Device. Per pale gules and argent, two ferrets combattant counterchanged. Rose Elizabeth Weaver. Name and device. Quarterly vert and azure, a weaver's shuttle and an empty drop spindle in saltire argent. Rose Elizabeth Weaver. Badge. (Fieldless) A weaver's shuttle and an empty drop spindle in saltire argent. Rowan Bridget Blackmoor. Name and device. Sable, a Celtic cross between four eyes argent irised vert. The documentation submitted with this name supported Rowan as an Anglicized form of the Irish masculine given name R{u'}adh{a'}n and Bridget as Anglicized form of the Irish feminine given name Brigit/Brighid. Such mixed-gender names have long been unregisterable. Since Rowan is SCA compatible as a feminine given name, this name is registerable with a weirdness for use of an SCA compatible element. Seamus McDaid. Device. Per pale argent and azure, a shamrock counterchanged. Theresa von Elp. Name and device. Or, a tortoise vert and a chief gules. Submitted as Theresia aus Elp, the submitter allowed any changes. T(h)eresia was documented from Withycombe (s.n. Teresa), which gives this as a Latin form. As no evidence has been found of the name Teresa being used in the British Isles in period, Withycombe is either discussing a post-period Latinization of an English name or a Latinization of a non-English name. Regardless, she gives no evidence that this is a valid period form. Lacking such evidence, this form is not registerable. Juliana de Luna's article "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/) lists both Teresa and Theresa. As the second form is very close to the submitted name, we have changed the given name to this form. Mixing Spanish and German is registerable, though it is a weirdness. There is a precedent concerning aus: It does not appear that aus was used as a locative preposition in period names; the apparent examples in Brechenmacher, Etmologisches W{o:}rterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen, were long ago shown to be descriptions, not part of the cited names. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1997, p. 23) As no evidence was found at this time to contradict this precedent, aus is still not registerable in a locative byname. We have changed the particle to von in order to register this name. Willahelm Franz Kesselheim. Device. Sable, in fess three firearrows argent. Nice device! The arrows were originally blazoned as sable, and no letter of correction was received. However, enough commenters stated that they checked this for conflict in the correct tinctures that it was not necessary to pend this. ATLANTIA Anne Marie de Lucy. Device. Per pale azure and argent, on a bend sinister three crosses couped palewise counterchanged. Elizabeth Cammeron of Skye. Device. Argent, a thistle proper and on a chief vert three chalices argent. Hugh Mann. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and sable, an open book argent. This name falls into the "joke name" category, as it is phonetically identical to the word human. The following precedent applies: The fact that this is a "joke name" is not, in and of itself, a problem. The College has registered a number of names, perfectly period in formation, that embodied humor: Drew Steele, Miles Long, and John of Somme Whyre spring to mind as examples. (Porsche Audi, August, 1992, pg. 28) Hugh Mann is no more obtrusively modern than Drew Steele, Miles Long, and John of Somme Whyre cited above. As such, we are registering the name. Lucas D{i'}az de Oviedo. Name and device. Azure, a cock argent and a chief checky Or and gules. Vincetta de Jarvain. Badge. Per pale azure and sable, on a pile throughout gules fimbriated a pile argent. CAID Andr{e'}s Miguel Rodriguez de la Rosa. Device change. Per pale sable and purpure, a winged rabbit rampant maintaining in its dexter forepaw a rapier Or. His previous device, Per bend sable and Or, a winged rabbit segreant maintaining in its sinister paw a sword Or and a rose sable barbed and seeded proper, is released. Beatriz of Caid. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale purpure and argent, two sea-lions respectant and a bordure embattled counterchanged. Submitted under the name Beatriz de Santiago de Compostela. Caid, Kingdom of. Badge for Arts & Sciences Pentathlon. (Fieldless) Five crescents conjoined in annulo horns outward argent. This is clear of conflict with Cassandra Cernakova, Purpure, six crescents in annulo argent. There is one CD for fieldlessness. There is another CD for changing the posture of the group, since over half the charges have changed their posture from palewise to some other orientation. There is no difference between charges in annulo and charges in annulo which are also conjoined, although the conjoining must be blazoned when present. There is also no difference between five and six charges, by RfS X.4.f. Conor de Carlton. Name (see RETURNS for device). Cristal Fleur Delamare. Device change. Per pale azure and Or, a fleur-de-lys and a bordure counterchanged. Her previous device, Per pale vert and azure, a fleur-de-lys and a bordure embattled Or, is released. Dafydd MacDonald. Badge. (Fieldless) A greyhound's head erased argent collared vert. Elspeth of Foxden. Device. Per fess purpure and vert, on a fess between a greyhound courant and a cat sejant argent a popinjay proper. Gerhart of Cynnabar. Name. Submitted as Gerhart von Cynnabar, RfS III.1.a requires lingual consistency within a name phrase. The branch name Cynnabar was documented as English when the name was registered in 1983. Specifically, the submitted documentation was for cinnabar, an alternate header in the Oxford English Dictionary (s.n. Cynnaber) with the primary meaning (which was the one used for this submission) of "the red crystalline form of mercuric sulfide". Use of von in conjunction with an SCA group name that is English has previously been ruled unregisterable: [Ulrich of Rudivale] Submitted as Ulrich von Rudivale, we have changed the [von] to of since the rules require that prepositions must agree in language with the following noun, and Rudivale, which is the client's home group, is English. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1996, p. 13) This submission has the same problem. Therefore, the submitted von Cynnabar is in violation of the linguistic consistency requirement in RfS III.1.a for mixing German and English in a single name phrase. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed the particle von to of in order to register this name. This submission raised considerable discussion about the languages of particles that have been registered with group names in the past. Of particular note was discussion regarding the following precedent: [Robert de Cynnabar] Cynnabar is the registered name of an SCA group. Since de was the most common medieval documentary locative preposition in both England and France, the two places where Robert is most likely to be found, we allow him to register the name of an SCA group with it. This was first done with the 11/92 registration of Robert de Cleftlands. (02/97) It was asserted that since de has been registered in conjunction with Cynnabar at that time, von should also be registerable as well. However, in the cases of both Robert de Cynnabar and Robert de Cleftlands, the group names are English. Since there is considerable documentation for use of the particle de in documents written in English, both of the bynames de Cynnabar and de Cleftlands comply with RfS III.1.a and are in a single language, i.e., English. In the recent registration of Lucas de Caid (October 2001), Caid is an acronym and is therefore not documentable in any language. For branch names registered long ago that are not documentable to any particular language (as is the case with Caid), we will treat them as part of the Society's official language, which is English. Therefore, the byname de Caid is treated as an all-English byname and complies with RfS III.1.a. Ghislaine of Calafia. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, two continental panthers combattant sable maintaining between them a rose all within a bordure purpure. Submitted under the name Ghislaine de Lyon. Grace Thorne. Name. Good name! Gyldenholt, Barony of. Badge for Order of the For{e^}t d'Or. (Fieldless) A tree within and conjoined to an annulet Or. This is clear of conflict with al-Barran, Barony of, (Fieldless) A Russian thistle (tumbleweed) bush within an annulet Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness, and another for the difference between the tumbleweed bush and the tree. The bush has no discernable trunk and most closely resembles a slightly shaggy bezant. Inigo Missaglia. Device change. Purpure, a chevron between three grape leaves inverted Or, overall an orle of chain argent. The submitter is a knight and therefore entitled to bear an orle of chain. His previous device, Purpure, a chevron between three grape leaves inverted within an orle Or, is released. Ioan Kendrick. Name and device. Bendy sinister vert and Or, a wolf rampant within an orle argent. James of Nayland. Name. Jamie Mac Fionnlaigh. Name. Submitted as Jamie Finnloech, Finnloech is a Gaelic given name, not a descriptive byname. As Gaelic did not use unmarked patronymics, Finnloech is not registerable in this position in the name. Under MacKinlay (p. 530), Black gives the Gaelic form of that byname as MacFhionnlaigh. Black (p. 494 s.n. MacFinlay) gives evidence of the unaspirated form MacFionnlaigh surviving in the Scots name Finlay McFinlay to 1539. As Black's notation of the Gaelic form of the byname as one word is a modern convention, we have registered this byname as two words. K{a'}ra Ortwins tother. Name and device. Vert, an owl and on a chief argent three decrescents sable. Submitted as K{a'}ra Ortwinsd{o'}ttir, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Icelandic/Norse and allowed minor changes. The submitted Ortwinsd{o'}ttir combines the German masculine name Ortwin with the Old Norse -d{o'}ttir. Since RfS III.1.a requires lingual consistency within a name phrase, this combination is not registerable. We have changed the byname to the all-German form Ortwins tother in order to register the name. This byname is appropriate for 13th C German. As the College did not find an Old Norse form of Ortwin, we were unable to make this name authentic for her desired time and culture. Lassarfina inghean u{i'} Cheallaigh. Name. Lassarfina was documented from the Annals of Connacht. This source uses conservative orthography, meaning that most of the spellings in this source follow the rules of Middle Irish (pre-1200). The submitted name mixes the Middle Irish Lassarfina and the Early Modern Irish (post-1200) inghean u{i'} Cheallaigh. A completely Middle Irish form of this name would be Lassarfina ingen u{i'} Chellaig. A completely Early Modern Irish form of this name would be Lasairfh{i'}ona inghean u{i'} Cheallaigh. Laura Lynn of Lonsdale. Device. Per fess gules and sable, a lion's head erased between three lion's jambes erased Or. Lazarus von Kyrchberc. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, two axes in saltire and on a chief embattled Or three ravens sable. Submitted as Lazarus von Kyrburg, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th-14th C German and allowed minor changes. Kyrburg is the modern name of this location and the College was unable to find examples of this spelling in period. Brechenmacher (s.n. Kirchbert(er)) dates Embrich Kyrchberc to 1244. We have changed the byname to this spelling to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. As Kyrchberc is the location name, von may be used with it. These are correctly drawn ravens, even though they have smooth feathers rather than hairy feathers. Please see the cover letter for a discussion of the correct depiction and blazon of ravens. Magnus MacCraith. Name (see RETURNS for badge). Submitted as Magnus Mac Craith, MacCraith is a Scots byname derived from the Gaelic given name Mac Raith. As Black (p. 479 s.n. MacCraith) dates John Makcreith to 1535 and Robert McCraith to 1545, MacCraith is also plausible. The LoI inquired about the Gaelic form of this name. A form appropriate for post-1200 would be Magnus mac Mhic Raith. As the submitter did not indicate a preference for Gaelic or Scots, we have registered a name as close to the submitted form as possible. Malcolm Aikman. Name. Martin FitzJames. Badge. (Fieldless) A sword inverted argent surmounted by a rose proper. M{o'}ir{i'}n Chiardhubh n{i'} Bh{a'}rd{a'}in. Badge. (Fieldless) On a demi-sun sable a spiral hunting horn reversed argent. Muirenn ingen meic Martain. Name. Listed on the LoI as Muirenn ingen mhic Mh{`a}rtainn, this name was originally submitted as Muirenn ingen MacMh{`a}rtainn and changed at kingdom to correct the grammar. The particle mhic is the genitive form of mac in Early Modern Gaelic that is appropriate after 1200. The Middle Gaelic form is meic, which is appropriate for use with the spelling ingen. Also, 'M' does not lenite in Middle Gaelic. Forms of Martain found in the Annals of Ulster do not have a double 'n'. We have made these corrections. The LoI was unsure about the meaning of the byname. In Irish Gaelic, the construction ingen meic Martain means that her father's byname was mac Martain. If her father were named Martain (a name used rarely in period Gaelic, and then mostly by men holding religious offices), her byname would be ingen Martain. As the LoI and her forms gave no indication of which meaning she preferred, we have made the minimal changes necessary to register the name. Ramiro the Sicilian. Name (see RETURNS for device). De Felice, dizionario dei cognomi italiani, (s.n. Sicilia) lists the form Siciliano. Thus, the Ramiro the Sicilian is a Lingua Anglica translation of Ramiro Siciliano or Ramiro il Siciliano. Ramon de Diego. Name and device. Quarterly sable and argent, a saltire patonce counterchanged. Both Ramon and Diego are masculine given names. As explained by Gage, "The structure is a structure found in medieval Navarese censuses. is a typical Catalan name; is found throughout the peninsula." Therefore, de Diego is a patronymic byname following the pattern found in the Navarese censuses. Stephen Montfort of Huntington. Name and device. Gules, a bend cotised argent between a fleur-de-lys and an escallop Or. Submitted as Stephen de Montfort of Huntington, no evidence was found that a name consisting of two locative bynames, both containing the prepositions de or of, is plausible in English. In cases of English names with what seems to be two locative bynames, the first is almost certainly an inherited surname and the second is a true locative. We have, therefore, dropped de in order to follow this pattern and register the name. Thomas James. Name. Good name! Ugo Dracul. Name change from Hugo Dracul and device. Per bend sinister checky sable and Or and gules, in sinister base a wyvern in annulo argent. The element Dracul is grandfathered from his previous name, Hugo Dracul (registered June 1994). His previous name is released. The charge in base here is evocative of the insignia of the real-world Society of the Dragon. The submitter's byname also implies membership in that Society. According to Boulton, Knights of the Crown p. 352, We know that Vlad II, Prince of Wallachia, was received into the Society [of the Dragon] in January or February 1431, and was thereafter known as "Dracul" 'the Dragon'; his son Vlad Draculea 'the Dragon's Son', was the historic Dracula. Some members of Laurel staff inquired whether this submission was therefore presumptuous. At the most general level of consideration, please note that there are no existing precedents which state that the implication of membership in a real-world chivalric order is a reason for return for presumption. Such a membership is not apparently a sufficient claim "to status or powers that the submitter does not possess" (RfS I.3) to require return for presumption, nor is it likely to "cause offense to a significant segment of the Society" (RfS I.3). In the case of this particular submission, presumption was not raised as an issue in primary commentary, but only at the Wreath meeting and during subsequent LoAR proofreading. Therefore, it is probably safe to say that "a significant segment of the Society" is not bothered by this implication. It has not been demonstrated that members of any medieval chivalric order would incorporate charges from that order's insignia into their arms to show their membership in the order. Therefore, any possible pretense in this submission would have to be implicit in the byname alone. This byname is grandfathered to the submitter from his previous registration. The "twitch factor" is lessened further when one notes the charge in base is only similar to the insignia of the Society of the Dragon, not identical to it. Boulton's Knights of the Crown indicates that the insignia of the Society of the Dragon is always tinctured Or (not argent, as here). The dragon or wyvern of the Society of the Dragon is always associated with a red cross, which is either charged on the back of the dragon or found elsewhere in the insignia. There is no red cross on this armory. Ulrich von Retelsdorf. Name and device. Purpure, on a fess embattled argent two wildcats salient respectant guardant sable. Submitted as Ulrica von Retelsdorf, no documentation could be found that Ulrica was a feminine given name in period. Therefore, we have changed the given name to Ulrich as allowed by the submitter. These wildcats are as identifiable as any two salient respectant animals can be in the limited vertical space provided by a fess. They have distinctive cat's ears and a wildcat's stubbed tail. Therefore, they are recognizable enough to accept. Wilhelm von Frankfurt. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and purpure, a trident's head inverted Or. William Kendrick. Device. Azure, an increscent moon between three mullets argent. William of Craucester. Name and device. Sable, on a cross argent in cross a sword inverted and an arrow sable all within a bordure argent. DRACHENWALD Blanka af Disavi. Name. Submitted as Blanka fr{ao}n Disavi, the submitter requested authenticity for Swedish and allowed any changes. No documentation was provided and none was found that fr{ao}n was used in locative bynames in period. We have changed the name to a documented form. Cecilia Eriksdotter. Name and device. Or, a dragonfly and a bordure sable. Good name! Celemon Gwynedd and Johann Berndt. Joint badge. (Fieldless) On a saltire couped vert a saltire throughout argent. Ermingart Hawenthorn. Name (see RETURNS for device). Floris van Montfort. Name. Helmut zu J{u:}lich. Household name Haus Alt J{u:}lich. John of Drachenwald. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a tower argent masoned sable issuant from a mountain all between two rapiers argent. Submitted under the name John de Barri. Thomas de Longavilla. Name. Submitted as Thomas de Longueville, the submitter requested authenticity for 11-13th C Norman and allowed minor changes. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Longueville) date Henry de Longauilla to 1185 and Henry de Longavill' to 1229. The apostrophe at the end of Longavill' indicates an abbreviation. Using the 1185 citation as an indication, Longavill' likely represents Longavilla. We have changed the placename to this spelling to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. LOCHAC {AE}lfred {th}e Lef. Name. This name is registerable as a mix of Old English and Middle English. It would be more authentic in a fully Old English form ({AE}lfred se leof) or a fully Middle English form (Alfred {th}e Lef). Artemisia da Quieto d'Arzenta. Device. Purpure, a bend sinister ermine between two compass stars argent. Please advise the submitter that the ermine spots on the bend would have been drawn bendwise in period, rather than palewise as depicted here. Maister Iago ab Adam, who has been doing research into furs in heraldry and heraldic art, has provided some useful information which is summarized here. There seem to be few ermine bends in period, but they may be found throughout the heraldic period. Those which he found are all depicted with the ermine spots tilted bendwise on the bend. The analogous design of ermine fretty usually tilts the ermine spots. Ermine spots on other ordinaries incorporating diagonal portions, such as chevrons, saltires, and bordures, are generally drawn palewise. However, sometimes one finds the spots on the diagonal portions of these charges tilted bendwise or bendwise sinister to follow that portion of the ordinary, apparently as a matter of artist's license. In short, they act much like a group of compact tertiary charges (such as mullets or escallops) when placed on an ordinary. Ermine spots which are part of an ermine tincture are not charges but are part of a tincture. There does not seem to be any sort of distinct period tincture of ermine palewise or ermine bendwise sinister and we are disinclined to introduce such a concept into SCA heraldry without supporting documentation. By contrast, charges are explicitly found in different orientations (such as bendwise or palewise) in period. As a result, if a bend ermine is drawn with palewise spots, we will blazon it simply as ermine and instruct the submitter to draw the fur in a more period fashion. However, if a bend is charged with palewise charges, they will continue to be explicitly blazoned as palewise. MERIDIES Derb{a'}il ingen Chonchobair. Name change from Catriona Fergusson and device change. Argent, a raven sable and on a chief indented purpure three hazel leaves argent. Submitted as Derb{a'}il ingen Conchobhar, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Ireland and allowed any changes. Conchobhar is an Early Modern Irish (c. 1200-c. 1700) nominative form. The nominative form of this name appropriate to the 10th C is Conchobar. The corresponding genitive lenited form is Chonchobair. Her previous name, Catriona Fergusson, is released. Her previous device, Or, a raven sable on a chief indented azure three increscents Or, is released. The submitter's raven is drawn as a smooth-feathered, and otherwise recognizable, raven. For a discussion of the depiction of ravens in period armory, see the cover letter. Domingo de Valencia. Device. Checky azure and argent, a lyre and in chief three mullets one and two sable. Elionor de Calais. Name and device. Argent, on a fess sable between three fleurs-de-lys gules a bottlenosed dolphin argent. Some commenters asked whether the bottlenosed dolphin, blazoned on the Letter of Intent as proper, was sufficiently light grey to have good contrast with the underlying sable fess. The form shows that the dolphin is white, and we have therefore blazoned it argent. Emery de la Mare. Name. Fran{c,}ois Souris. Name. Listed on the LoI as Francois le Sourisse, the forms listed Fran{c,}ois le Sourisse. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture (presumably French) and allowed minor changes. As the submitted form of the given name is authentic, we have returned it to this form. Morlet, Dictionaire {e'}tymologique des noms de famille (this is the new edition of Dauzat's dictionaire etymologique des noms de famille et pr{e'}noms de France), p. 908 s.n. Souris, gives no variants of this name that include le or la. For comparison, the form Lesueur is listed under the header Sueur. Lacking evidence that a particle is appropriate with the submitted byname, we have dropped it. Sourisse is the feminine form of this byname. The corresponding masculine form is Souris. In French, the gender of a descriptive byname must match the gender of the given name. Fran{c,}ois Souris is the correct form of this name for a man. Fran{c,}oise Sourisse is the correct form of this name for a woman. As the submitter indicated he wishes a male name, we have changed the byname appropriately. Iamys of Loch Cairn. Name (see RETURNS for device). Kora Naidenkina doch'. Name. Maut MacAlpin. Name and device. Per pale vert and sable, a Heneage knot Or. Submitted as Maut ingen Alpin, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Scottish and allowed any changes. The LoI noted that "This client has been going by the name 'Myrte MacAlpin' for many years, and the goal here is to register a name as close as possible to what she had been using." In this case, the request for authenticity for 12th C Scottish is at odds with the goal of "register a name as close to Myrte MacAlpin as possible". In registering this name, we are faced with three options. The first option is to register something as close to the submitted spelling as possible. The second option is to register a name as authentic as possible for her requested time and culture. The third option is to register a name as close as possible to Myrte MacAlpin. Both of these last two options involve a major change from the submitted Maut ingen Alpin. Regarding the submitted form, Maut is documented from Black (p. 615 s.n. Mounsie) which dates Maut de Mounceaus to 1296. This family was Norman French. Given that this Maut rendered homage in 1296, the record in which she is recorded is probably written in Latin. The byname ingen Ailpin is appropriate for Scottish Gaelic in the 12th C. Therefore, Maut ingen Ailpin is registerable, though not authentic because it mixes languages. Regarding a form of this name authentic for 12th C Scottish, the problematic element is Maut. The first known example of the name Matilda (of which Maut is a diminutive) used in Scotland is a daughter of Malcolm III, king of Scotland, and his Anglo-Saxon wife Margaret. All of Malcolm and Margaret's children were given non-Gaelic names. As a result, their names cannot be taken as use of these names by normal Scottish Gaels. Examples of forms of Matilda begin showing up in the 13th C and it is possible to determine an authentic form of this name for the late 13th C. At that time, most official documents in Scotland were recorded in Latin. Maut filia Alpini would be an authentic Latin form of this name for late 13th C. As we have yet to find an example of the name Matilda (in any form) in Gaelic, it is impossible to determine what an authentic Gaelic form of this name would be. Regarding registerability of a name as close as possible to Myrte MacAlpin, Black (p. 451 s.n. MacAilpin) dates John MacAlpyne to c. 1260, Monach filius Alpini to 1271, and Monauche Macalpin to c. 1285 (these last two citations refer to the same person). The construction [feminine given name] + a Mac- style surname is documented in Black (p. 471 s.n. MacClumpha), which lists Joneta Makgillumquha in 1406, dating this construction to at least that early. Given this documentation, Maut MacAlpin is registerable. It is likely not authentic for her desired time period, since we know of no examples of a feminine given name used with a Mac- style byname that early. Since the LoI specifically said that the goal was to register a name as close to Myrte MacAlpin as possible, we are registering this name in the form Maut MacAlpin. Owein Deykin. Name and device. Per pale argent and gules, a fanged tooth fesswise reversed counterchanged. Submitted as Owen Deykin, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C Welsh and allowed minor changes. The LoI noted that he prefers the surname spelling Deykin and is willing to adjust the spelling of his given name and the time period of his persona in order to keep the desired spelling Deykin. With the change of a single letter to the given name, this is a fine name for the submitter's desired time period. Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Names and Naming Practices in The Merioneth Lay Subsidy Roll 1293-3", Y Camamseriad, issue 1, lists both Owein (p. 67 s.n. Owain) and Deykin (p. 64 s.n. David) as given names. The same article documents names that contain simply two given names and notes that these "may be an alternate form of patronymic". We have changed the spelling of the given name to the similar form listed in the Merioneth article to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. There was a question of whether this submission conflicts with Owen ap Dafydd (registered June 1990), since Deykin is a diminutive of Dafydd. This situation is a direct parallel to the example in RfS V.1.a.ii.(a) which states, "Hobson is significantly different from Robertson, however, because Hob and Robert differ significantly in sound and appearance and are not being used in given names." Therefore, Deykin does not conflict with Dafydd when both are being used in bynames. As noted in the Pictorial Dictionary, "In mundane heraldry, the tooth is normally depicted as a human molar, with the roots extending to base [736]; it is blazoned (somewhat confusingly) as a 'fanged tooth'." MIDDLE {A'}ine ingen M{a'}el P{a'}traic. Name. Alan Higate. Name. Ali al Ahmed Abdullah. Device change. Gules, on a fess between in chief the phrase "there is no strength and power but that of the Almighty and the All-powerful" in Arabic Kufic script, and in base three fleams Or, a domed mosque of one minaret between a pair of drinking horns gules. The items blazoned here as a "pair of drinking horns" were on the Letter of Intent as "trousers of nobility." While the latter blazon is found in books on the insignia of the Arabs, the SCA has consistently blazoned the charges as a pair of drinking horns. Since the submitter's form blazoned these as drinking horns, we have blazoned them in this fashion, although we are willing to consider adding the phrase "trousers of nobility" to SCA blazon. The submitter's previous device, Argent, on a bend sinister between two boars' heads erased gules, three quills argent, all within a bordure gules, is released. Brangwayn Snowden. Name (see RETURNS for device). Gareth Kenwrick. Device. Gyronny of six sable and argent, an oak leaf gules. Jaida bint Salim. Name change from Agnes Gaillard and badge. (Fieldless) A mullet per pale azure and vert. Her previous name, Agnes Gaillard, is released. The badge does not conflict with a badge of Eleanor Leonard, (Tinctureless) A mullet of four points distilling a goutte. Eleanor Leonard has in the past offered to give permission to conflict for all but a small subset of the possible tincture combinations represented by her tinctureless badge (see the Cover Letter for the LoAR of September 1991 for a discussion of her initial offer). Laurel has been working with Eleanor to implement this blanket permission, which she still supports. The implementation is explained in this month's cover letter. This badge is eligible to use the letter of permission because it uses a divided tincture mullet. Without the permission to conflict, this would be in conflict, with one CD for fieldlessness, no type difference between mullets of four and five points, and no difference for omitting the small goutte, an artistic detail. Jennifer of Greyhope. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly azure and argent, an estoile of eight rays counterchanged. This is clear of conflict with Lochlann Niall MacGhille Fhionnain, Quarterly azure and argent, in pale a pegasus courant to sinister and a sun counterchanged. There is one CD for removing the pegasus. There is another CD for changing half the tincture of the estoile/sun. The estoile in this submission is quarterly argent and azure, and the sun in Lochlann's (because of its placement on the field) is per pale argent and azure. Submitted under the name Quene of Mercia. Jibra'il al-Nasrani. Device change. Azure, an orle of crescents argent. His previous device, Quarterly azure and argent, a cross flory between four crescents counterchanged, is retained as a badge. Kristiana of Arden. Name and device. Per chevron throughout azure and Or, two Bowen crosses Or and a tree eradicated gules. There was some question regarding the plausibility of the spelling Kristiana. Withycombe (p. 65 s.n. Christian(a)) says, "Prompt Parv 1450 gives Kyrstyan or Kristyan as the English for Christiana." Kristiana is a plausible Latinized form of the cited Kristyan. Kudrun {Th}e Pilgrim. Device. Vert, a pile Or overall an open book argent clasped Or. Scott Mac Alister. Name and device. Argent, two bars gules and six martlets three two and one sable. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Irish. Scott is the submitter's legal given name. However, no evidence was found that it was used as a given name in period. Additionally, no evidence was found that any form of Alexander was used by a native Irishman before the 16th C. Lacking such examples, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired culture and time period. {U'}lfr H{a'}konarson. Device. Gyronny arrondy sable and argent, a bezant between two wolves salient respectant Or. Ulrich Richker. Device. Argent semy of feathers bendwise sinister, a merman azure. OUTLANDS Frederick Thurstone. Badge. Or, a shakefork vert. A shakefork is a pall couped with pointed ends. The ends do not change shape with the shape of the escutcheon on which the shakefork lies. This badge is clear of conflict with Tamara Colette of Misthaven, Or, a pall vert between a ferret statant and two lozenges sable. There is currently a CD for the difference between a pall and a shakefork. That policy applies at this time, although it is currently under review by the College of Arms: see the cover letter for the December 2001 LoAR for details. There is a second CD for removing the secondary charge group. This is similarly clear of Beornstan Hunigbin, Or, on a pall vert a mullet of three greater and three lesser points Or. There is one CD for removing the tertiary charge and, again, a CD between a pall and a shakefork under the policy currently applying in the College of Arms. Maredudd Angharad ferch Gwenhyfar. Badge for Eirene Tzimiskina Kontostephanina. Per pale Or and argent, a winged lion rampant guardant sable. This is clear of conflict with a badge of Morgan Lyonel, (Fieldless) A lion-dragon erect sable maintaining a drinking horn Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness and at least another for the difference between a winged lion and a lion-dragon. As seen in the Pictorial Dictionary, a lion-dragon is a demi-lion conjoined to the tail of a dragon, much like a sea-lion is a demi-lion conjoined to the tail of a fish. TRIMARIS {AE}thelwynn R{ae}dwulfesdohter. Name (see RETURNS for device). Listed on the LoI as {AE}thelwynn R{ae}dwulfsdohter, the forms listed {AE}thelwynn R{ae}dwulfesdohter. As Metron Ariston explains, "The -es suffix is standard for the genitive in Anglo-Saxon and -dohtor is the usual feminine patronymic". Therefore, we have returned the spelling of the byname to the submitted form. Trimaris, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Sail Herald. A sail appears as a heraldic charge in Guillim, A Display of Heraldrie, 2nd ed. (1632), p. 312. As a sail is documented as a heraldic charge in our grey area, it is acceptable as the basis for a heraldic title. WEST Brian FitzWilliam of Glastonbury. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, two towers counterchanged. Submitted as Brian of Glastonbury, the submitter allowed changing the name to Brian FitzWilliam of Glastonbury if the submitted name conflicted with Brianna of Glastonbury (registered October 1990). There is a precedent that Brian conflicts with Brianna: This conflicts with the registered name of Brianna O Duinn. [Brian {O'} Duinn, 04/00, R-An Tir]. Therefore, the submitted Brian of Glastonbury does indeed conflict with Brianna of Glastonbury. Adding FitzWilliam clears this conflict. Cassandra of Crosston. Name. Duncan Julyan. Name and device. Azure, a bend sinister erminois between two serpents nowed Or. Submitted as Duncan Jullings, the submitter requested authenticity for "Scottish, any date" and allowed any changes. Jullings was documented as a header spelling in Reaney & Wilson (p. 258 s.n. Julian). In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in {O'} Corr{a'}in & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern might not be registerable. This has been handled on a case by case basis. In this instance, the College was unable to find evidence that Jullings is a plausible period variant of the byname Julian. We have, therefore, changed the byname to his second choice, Julyan, which is dated to 17 Edw. III in Bardsley (p. 437 s.n. Julian). As we were unable to find evidence of any form of the byname Julian used in Scotland, we were unable to make this name authentic. Ginevra da Ravenna. Device. Barry wavy gules and argent, a pegasus salient to sinister sable. She has been given permission to conflict from Rafael Blackriser, Vert, a pegasus rampant to sinister, wings addorsed, sable fimbriated argent. Ginevra's pegasus was originally blazoned with its wings elevated and addorsed. This is the default for a salient winged quadruped and may thus be omitted from the blazon. Gr{a'}inne of Crosston. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a triqueta argent between three flames Or. Submitted under the name Gr{a'}inne ingen Domnaill Ildanaig. Gunther B{a:}renj{a:}ger. Name and device. Or, on a bend between two dragonflies purpure a mallet Or. Havoc atte Ree. Name. Listed on the LoI as Heafoc atte Ree, this name was originally submitted as Hafoc Rhea and changed at kingdom to match documented forms. The submitter requested authenticity for pre-14th C Middle or Old English language/culture and allowed any changes. Both Hafoc and Heafoc are Old English forms and would not have appeared with a Middle English byname. The byname atte Ree is a Middle English form. Reaney & Wilson (p. 373 s.n. Rea) gives this byname as deriving from the Old English phrase {ae}t {th}{oe-}re ea 'by the stream'. ("-" in Da'ud notation represents a macron or overbar.) To meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the name to his second alternate preferred spelling, Havoc atte Ree, which is authentic for 13th C Middle English. Hermineite la Cochonne. Name. M{ae}gwine Scipelie. Name. Listed on the LoI as Maegwine Scipelie, both the forms and the documentation listed the given name as M{ae}gwine. We have made this correction. Mari Greensleaves. Device change (see RETURNS for name change). Azure estencely, in canton a quatrefoil saltirewise Or. The charge in canton was originally blazoned as a four-petalled rose, but lacking any standard attributes of the rose such as the seeds, barbs, or standard number of petals for a rose, it has been reblazoned as a quatrefoil. The submission form has been altered from the standard West Kingdom form and omits the check boxes which allow the submitter to specify the disposition of her previous armory. Therefore her previous device, Per chevron Or and azure, a maunch and a maunch reversed vert and in base a dragon's foot erect erased argent, is released, which is the default action. Please note that the check boxes on the submissions forms, which should be standard throughout all kingdoms, are not supposed to be altered. Valuable information may be lost by altering the forms. In some cases, alterations to the forms may be extreme enough to cause return of the submission, although that is not necessary in this case. Her armory was submitted under the name Mari Alexander. Riocard mac Ronain. Name. The submitter requested authenticity for c. 1350 Irish. As we were unable to find evidence of the name R{o'}n{a'}n used later than the 8th C, we were unable to make this name authentic for his desired time period. Since examples of R{o'}n{a'}n in the Annals of Tigernach routinely omit the accents in this name, we have not added them to this name. R{o,}gnvaldr Gunnulfsson. Name. Listed on the LoI as Rognvaldr Gunnulfsson, the LoI noted that the 'o' in the given name had a "hook" on the bottom. The College found documentation for the given name both with an 'o' and with an 'o ogonek', {o,}. Since this character (an o ogonek) was used consistently on the forms, we have used that form in registering the name. Sabina le Sewester. Name. Good name! Stephan Auber. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and sable, on a bend sinister argent a bear's pawprint palewise sable. Sybille la Serena. Name and device. Per pale purpure and vert, a dragon passant argent between three birds volant Or. Temair Brecc inghen Choluim. Name change from Kateryn of Blackwater and device. Azure, on a fess between three crescents argent a comet azure. Submitted as Temair Brecc inghen Cholm, Cholm is the lenited form of the nominative form of the masculine name Colm. Colm is listed as the last form under the header Columb (p. 55) in {O'} Corr{a'}in & Maguire. When multiple forms are listed after the colon in headers in OCM, the first form after the colon is usually a period form and the latter forms are usually modern. No evidence was presented and none was found that the form Colm was used in period. Lacking such evidence, this form is not registerable. We have changed the patronymic to a form consistent with examples in the Annals of Connacht. This source also includes examples of the spelling inghen which seems to be a conservative spelling of the standard inghean. This name mixes Old Irish and Early Modern Irish. A more authentic form would be a completely Old Irish form Temair Brecc ingen Choluim or Temair Brecc ingen Choluimb. Her previous name, Kateryn of Blackwater, is released. Uilliam {O'} Conchubhair. Name and device. Per chevron sable and vert, a chevron embattled argent and in chief two wolves sejant Or. Valeria Favea. Name. Vlasta von der weissen Sonne. Name change from Vlasta Ulvae{u:}s of the Wildhair. Submitted as Vlasta von der weissen Sonne, the submitter requested authenticity for German language/culture. Documentation was provided for weissen Sonne as a sign name in German meaning 'white sun'. The documentation indicates that while von der weissen Sonne is plausible, the most likely form of this byname is zu der weissen Sonne. His previous name, Vlasta Ulvae{u:}s of the Wildhair, is released. William of the West. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale vert and Or, a Latin cross counterchanged. Submitted under the name William le Forester. William Warren. Name and device. Or, a bear rampant sable on a chief vert three increscents argent. This is not a conflict with the historical person William de Warenne, first Earl of Surrey, since the College was unable to find a general encyclopedia that lists him with his own entry (though his son John is listed). William de Warenne was a companion of William the Conqueror at Hastings. Please commend the submitter on his good drawing of the bear rampant and his foresight in ensuring that the sable charge had some useful internal details. THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK AN TIR Davin Steingrimsson. Name and device. Or, a ram's head couped contourny sable armed argent and on a chief sable three coronets Or. The submitted name is a combination of an Anglicized Irish given name and an Old Norse byname. Mixing Scots and Old Norse in a name has been ruled unregisterable: The combination of an Old Norse given name and an Anglicized Scots patronymic had too severe a temporal disparity. We have therefore changed the spelling of the given name to medieval Norwegian. [Ulvar MacVanis, A-Lochac, LoAR 07/2000] Anglicized Irish and Scots existed in similar time period. Therefore, just as a mix of Scots and Old Norse is not registerable, a mix of Anglicized Irish and Old Norse is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to change the given name to an Old Irish Gaelic form (Daim{i'}ne or Daim{e'}ne) in order to register the name. The submitter is a duke and entitled to the coronets on the device. Unfortunately, the stylization of this ram's head diminishes its identifiability to the point where it is not sufficiently recognizable. The muzzle of the ram is drawn identifiably, but the head is surrounded by some sort of ruff or mane, which substantially changes the outline of the head as a whole from that of a standard ram's head. The horn is drawn in an extremely stylized fashion with disconnected segments. The disconnected segments are not easily identifiable as portions of a spiral horn. Davin Steingrimsson. Badge. Or, a ram's head erased contourny sable armed argent and a bordure embattled sable bezanty. Unfortunately, the stylization of this ram's head diminishes its identifiability to the point where it is not sufficiently recognizable. The muzzle of the ram is drawn identifiably, but the head is surrounded by some sort of ruff or mane, which substantially changes the outline of the head as a whole from that of a standard ram's head. The horn is drawn in an extremely stylized fashion with disconnected segments. The disconnected segments are not easily identifiable as portions of a spiral horn. Gemma Meen. Device. Purpure, on a tower argent masoned a dog rampant sable. This conflicts with a badge of Aelfric se Droflic, (Fieldless) On a tower argent, an acorn sable. The dog was blazoned "in base" on the Letter of Intent, and it is indeed drawn somewhat towards the base. However, the charge is drawn large enough to fill much of the same space taken by the acorn in Aelfric's badge. Therefore the placement change is not significant enough to contribute towards X.4.j.i difference. This is effectively change in type only of tertiary charge on a complex-outlined charge, and not worth a CD by RfS X.4.j and its subsections. Architectural charges made of stonework such as towers, castles and walls may be drawn masoned as a matter of artist's license. Therefore, there is no additional tincture difference for adding or removing masoning for these types of charge. Susanna Craven. Badge. (Fieldless) A dragon's head cabossed argent. The dragon's head is made unrecognizable by the large frill or ruff around the head of the dragon, which completely changes the outline of the charge from the expected shape. No one in the College of Arms was able to find an example of a period heraldic dragon drawn with such a frill or ruff around its head. Yolanda de Guelph. Name. No documentation was presented and none was found that de would have been used with the byname Guelph in period. The submitter documented the English Guelph from an entry entitled "Welf Dynasty" on britannica.com. This family name has previously been ruled as presumptuous: [returning the surname von Welf] [Sigmund von Welf] This is being returned for violating RfS VI.1-Presumptuous Names. Welf is the Middle High German form of the name more familiar to English-speakers as Guelph. This is, as noted in the OED and many historical sources, the name associated with the princely family who were the primary opponents of the Hohenstaufens for control of the Holy Roman Empire and the ancestors of inter alia the current British royal family. Therefore this name violates RFS VI.1 on presumptuous names just as much as Hohenstaufen which is specifically mentioned as an exemplar in the current edition of the RFS. The use of Welf as a surname is presumptuous with any name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1997, p. 14) As no evidence has been found that any form of this surname (including the submitted Guelph) was used except by members of this family, this precedent still stands. ANSTEORRA Agripina Argyra. Badge. Purpure, a tower within five compass stars in annulo Or. Conflict with a badge of Roland O'Donnell, Purpure, a tower within an orle of lions rampant Or. There is a CD for the change in type of secondary charges. There is normally a CD for changing the arrangement of a group of unnumbered (and thus "many") charges from in orle to in annulo, even on a round badge form. However, Roland's emblazon shows that there are only seven lions in his group of unnumbered charges. Because there are relatively few charges in both these secondary charge groups, the difference in arrangement is much less obvious than when there are eight or more charges in each group. Most of the charges in the two groups are in the same place on the field, and would likely to be in the same place on the field on any shape of escutcheon. Therefore, there is no difference for the change in arrangement, and nothing for the change in number from five to seven charges by RfS X.4.f. Muirenn Faulkner. Device. Argent, a falcon and on a chief sable three fountains. Conflict with Alesia de Maris of Ravenstar, Argent, a raven close, on a chief sable three mullets Or. There is one CD for the difference in type and tincture of tertiary charges. However, there is no difference between ravens and falcons. The device is also in conflict with Jennifer Keruer, Argent, a Cornish chough and on a chief embattled sable three plates. There is a CD for embattling the chief, but nothing by RfS X.4.j for the tincture change only of the roundels. There is no difference between the falcon and the Cornish chough. For more details on the reason why falcons have no difference from either ravens or Cornish choughs, see the cover letter. ATENVELDT Aileann inghean Fhrancaigh. Name. This name has two problems. The first problem is in the spelling of the given name. All documentation submitted, and that found by the College, has a double 'l' in the given name. The second problem is with the construction of the byname inghean Fhrancaigh. This byname is a hypothetical patronymic byname meaning 'daughter [of] French', where 'French' describes her father. No evidence has been found to support a Gaelic patronymic byname that is based only on a father's descriptive byname when that byname refers to a location. Lacking such evidence, this construction is not registerable. Were such evidence found, the byname would likely take the form mac an [location adjective] in a man's patronymic byname and inghean an [location adjective] in a woman's patronymic byname. Descriptive bynames are rare in Gaelic. Bynames referring to locations are a tiny subset of descriptive bynames and are, therefore, vanishingly rare. It is important to note that, in most examples of descriptive bynames formed from country references, the descriptive bynames refer to a person's manner and behavior, not his birthplace. A patronymic byname formed from both the father's given name and his descriptive byname that refers to a location has been documented. The "Annals of Connacht" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100011/), entry 1401.3, lists "Tomas mac Emainn Albanaig .i. Mac Uilliam Burc, tigerna Gall Connacht" which translates as 'Thomas son of Edmund Albanach, Macwilliam Burke, lord of the Galls of Connacht'. (Albanach is an adjective that means 'Scottish' and Mac Uilliam Burc is a chiefly title. So mac Emainn Albanaig translates literally as 'son [of] Edmund Scottish', though 'son [of the] Scottish Edmund' makes more sense in modern English.) Given this example, if the submitter chooses a given name for her father and includes that in her patronymic byname, this name would be registerable. As an example, if she chose Domhnall as her father's given name, her name would be registerable as Ailleann inghean Domhnaill Fhrancaigh, meaning 'Ailleann daughter [of the] French Donald', where 'French' is an adjective that describes 'Donald'. If the submitter decides to go with this route, whatever given name she chooses as her father's given name will need to be put in the genitive and lenited (if applicable). There was some question about whether Francach 'French' was a descriptive term that is plausible in a descriptive byname in period Gaelic. (Francach is the nominative form, which becomes Fhrancaigh when it is put in the genitive case and lenited.) The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 5, entry M1516.7 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/), includes "ridire Francach" (meaning 'French knight') as part of the text. This documents the use of an adjective meaning 'French' in period. Vol. 3, entry M1246.9 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/), lists "Albert almaineach airdespuc Ardamacha", which documents a descriptive byname meaning 'German'. Vol. 6, entry M1599.28 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005F/), lists "Domhnall Spainneach mac Donnchaidh, mic Cathaoir Charraigh Chaomh{a'}naigh", which documents a descriptive byname meaning 'Spanish'. Given the examples of descriptive bynames meaning 'German' and 'Spanish', and the documentation of an adjective in Gaelic meaning 'French', a descriptive byname with this meaning is reasonable. {A'}ine inghean u{i'} Ghr{i'}obhtha. Device. Per chevron azure and vert, a chevron and in base a cross clechy argent. Conflict with Winnifred Aurelia von Hirschberg, Per chevron enhanced azure and vert, a chevronel enhanced and in base a hart statant to sinister at gaze argent. There is one CD for changing the type of the secondary charge in base. However, there is no other difference between the enhanced central chevronel and a chevron in its default central position on the field: this small change in placement on the field is considered an artistic detail. This also conflicts with Emory MacMichael, Per chevron azure and vert, a chevron and a chief embattled argent. There is one CD for changing the type of secondary charge to a cross from a chief. RfS X.4.g only allows difference to be gotten for changes to charge placement or arrangement if the change "is not caused by other changes to the design". The placement change here is caused by the change of type of secondary charge from a chief, which has a mandatory placement. Therefore, there is not a second CD for changing the arrangement. Alaric Gr{u:}mper. Device. Argent, on a bend gules between a cart proper and a warhammer reversed sable handled of wood proper a chain throughout argent. Conflict with Ceridwen of Esterfen, Argent, on a bend gules a cat sejant affronty palewise argent. There is one CD for adding the secondary charges, but nothing for changing the type only of the tertiary charge, since this device is not simple under RfS X.4.j.ii. There is no meaningful posture comparison between a chain and a cat. Thus, the palewise orientation of the cat does not cause this to be considered change of type and orientation of the tertiary charge. Such a change, if present, would be a CD under RfS X.4.j.i. Alicia Nicole Burcet. Name. No evidence was presented, nor was any found, that Burcet was used in period. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to drop the problematic element Burcet and must return this name. Her armory has been registered under the holding name Alicia of Granite Mountain. Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Aspen Pursuivant. No Letter of Acceptance of Transfer was received from the Outlands for this item. Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Fretty Pursuivant. No Letter of Acceptance of Transfer was received from the Outlands for this item. Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Liber Pursuivant. No Letter of Acceptance of Transfer was received from the Outlands for this item. Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Palmer Pursuivant. No Letter of Acceptance of Transfer was received from the Outlands for this item. Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Rook Pursuivant. No Letter of Acceptance of Transfer was received from the Outlands for this item. Atenveldt, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Scalene Pursuivant. No Letter of Acceptance of Transfer was received from the Outlands for this item. Brenna MacGhie of Kintyre. Name. Submitted as a name appeal, this is really a name change and must be submitted as such. When her current name, Brenda MacGhie of Kintyre, was registered in March 2001, the name was registered unchanged by Laurel. Therefore, any change to the registered name is a name change, not an appeal. Should a name change be submitted, the form Brenna MacGhie of Kintyre, is registerable. Mixing Italian and Scots in a name was ruled on in August 1999: While there is little evidence for mixed Scots/Italian names, there is enough contact between the cultures for this to be allowable. It is, however, a "weirdness." (Laertes McBride, A-Caid, LoAR 08/99) Cuil{e'}n of the Gordons. Name. No documentation was provided and none was found that the construction of the [family name]s was used in period. Lacking such documentation, this form is not registerable. The form Cuil{e'}n Gordon would be registerable style. However, this name (in either form) conflicts with the registered name Colin Gordon (registered June 1998). Iamys MacMurray de Morayshire. Badge. Gules, on a pile wavy argent a lion rampant contourny sable. Conflict with Ansetrude Hrodebertsdohtor, Gules, on a pile nebuly argent, a sea-dragon, its tail ending in the head of a serpent, azure. There is one CD for the cumulative changes to the tertiary charge by X.4.j, but no difference between wavy and nebuly: "[There is no] difference between nebuly and wavy: there are simply too many examples of these lines being used interchangeably, even in late period" (LoAR 9/93). Ismenia O'Mulryan and Cosmo Craven the Elder. Joint badge. Per bend sinister argent and ermine, a bend sinister and in dexter chief a skeletal hand fesswise reversed sable. This needs to be redrawn. The ermine spots on the mini-emblazon are larger and more distinct than the ones on the forms. With over forty ermine spots on only half the field (almost ten times more than necessary) and the small indistinct drawing, the ermine spots are not clearly identifiable. Also, the bend sinister should be at least twice as wide as it is currently. Margarette van Zanten. Device change. Pily bendy Or and azure, a pegasus salient contourny argent. Conflict with Donal MacAyre of Gorabh, Barry wavy gules and Or, a pegasus salient to sinister argent. There is only one CD for the change to the field. Robert Delion. Device. Per fess azure and vert, a fess embattled-counterembattled argent between a demi-lion Or sustaining a pair of rapiers fesswise proper and a Maltese cross Or. The rapiers have equal visual weight with the demi-lion, and are therefore co-secondary with the demi-lion and the Maltese cross. As a result, this is overcomplex by RfS VIII.1.a, because the fess is surrounded by a single charge group consisting of three types of charge. Shaun of the Forrest. Device. Argent semy of pine trees couped vert. Conflict with Allendale of the Evergreens, Argent, a pine tree proper. There's one CD for the number of trees but no difference for changing less than half the tincture of the trees (the tincture of the tree trunk) from vert to wood-brown. This does not conflict with the flag of Lebanon until 1920, Argent, a cedar tree vert, as this flag was not the flag of a sovereign nation. Flags of dependent territories are not automatically considered important enough to protect. No evidence was presented, and none was found, that the flag used by Lebanon in this period was important enough to be protected by the SCA. Before World War I, Lebanon was, along with Syria, a single political unit in the Ottoman Empire. After World War I, this territory fell under French control. France proclaimed Lebanon's independence in stages from November 26, 1941. ATLANTIA Michel von Sch{o:}nsee. Device. Vair, on a fess Or three seeblatter sable. This submission was withdrawn by the submitter, as noted on the October 22, 2001, Atlantian LoI. Michel von Sch{o:}nsee. Badge. (Fieldless) A seeblatt per pale sable and Or. The submitter's name was returned in the December 2001 LoAR for lack of forms. Since we do not have copies of the name forms, we do not know whether this submitter allows a holding name. Lacking such information, we must return this submission. CAID Andrei Grigorievich Topolev. Alternate name Andrew MacGregor Toberlivet. The submitted element Toberlivet was submitted as an Anglicized form of a constructed Scottish Gaelic place name. While Tober- is well documented, -livet is only found in one location, Glenlivet. Additionally, this element is particularly problematic since different sources cannot agree on its origin. Darton, Dictionary of Scottish Place Names, (p. 174) describes it as the "elided form of liobhaite: 'of the slippery place'." Johnston (p.193 s.n. Glenl{i'}vet) lists the Gaelic as Gleann Li{'o}mhaid, says that MacBain and Watson think that it comes from the same root as Glenlyon. Under the header Glenlyon on the same page, Johnston says of this name's meaning and origin "Doubtful. Perh. G. l{'i} omhuinn, 'coloured river'; perh. fr. lighe, 'a flood'." Lacking solid evidence of the meaning of this element and having only the single example of its use in a placename, no pattern has been established that supports its use in other Gaelic placenames, including Scots forms of those placenames. Asbj{o/}rn Pedersen Marsvin. Device. Per fess vert and azure, a fess engrailed on the upper edge and invected on the lower edge argent between a bear rampant maintaining in its dexter paw a lightning bolt fesswise and a dolphin naiant Or. This device must be returned for redrawing and redesign. The "Or" tincture is colored in a distinct orange color, which is not a valid variant of Or. The lightning bolt held by the bear needs to have barbs on both ends of the bolt, not just one end. Lastly, the fess should be drawn wider. While redesigning, the submitter may also wish to consider that the fess engrailed on the upper edge and invected on the lower is not a period type of fess. Stylistically, the fess is at best a weirdness. Beatriz de Santiago de Compostela. Name. No documentation was presented, nor could the College of Arms find any, that de Santiago de Compostela was used in a locative byname. Previous precedent states: This name is returned because no documentation can be found for the name de Compostela. People from Santiago de Compostela were known as de Santiago. [Livia Teresa de Compostela, 09/99, R-Atlantia] Lacking documentation that compound forms of placenames like Santiago de Compostela were used in locative bynames, this cannot be registered. As the submitter did not allow major changes, we were unable to drop the element de Compostela and register the name as Beatriz de Santiago. Her armory has been registered under the holding name Beatriz of Caid. Conor de Carlton. Device. Vert, a trident Or. Conflict with a badge of Eirikr inn kengr, (Fieldless) A trident Or. There is only one CD, for fieldlessness. Ghislaine de Lyon. Name. The submitter requested authenticity for 9th-11th C Norman and allowed minor changes. Additionally, on the Pennsic worksheet attached to her submission form, she requested that if the name could not be made authentic, that it be returned. Unfortunately, the LoI did not mention her request for authenticity, so the College was unable to contribute information to help make this name authentic. In an effort to provide the submitter with some information, Laurel staff members have assembled the following information: Morlet (I, p. 109) lists the forms Gislindis (undated) and Gislinda dated to a. 861. Morlet (I, p. 111) also lists Gisloina (undated). These may be earlier forms of Ghislaine, but we are not certain. Dauzat & Rostaing (s.n. Lyon) dates the Latin placename forms Lodonum to the 9th C, and (s.n. Lyons-la-For{e^}t) nemus de Leonibus to 1032, saltus Leonis to 1050, and villa Leons to 1067. In England, Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Lyon) dates Azor de Lions to 1159 and Geoffrey de Lions to 1170. As the only forms similar to Ghislaine were found in the 9th C, and the only form of Lyon found in that time period (Lodonum) is dramatically different from the submitted Lyon, changes to this form would be a major change to this name. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we are complying with her request to return the name if it could not be made authentic. Her armory has been registered under the holding name Ghislaine of Calafia. Magnus MacCraith. Badge. Argent, a bird's leg erased a la quise within a bordure sable. Conflict with a badge of Julia Windsor, Argent, an eagle's foot couped within a bordure sable, registered December 2001. There is only one CD for the type difference between the eagle's foot (couped just above the talons) in Julia's badge and the bird's leg erased a la quise in this badge. Ramiro the Sicilian. Device. Barry wavy azure and argent, a wyvern sejant gules. When quadruped postures are used to blazon two-legged monsters, the difference between some of these postures becomes blurred. While there is a CD between a sejant quadruped and a statant quadruped, there is no clear distinction between a wyvern statant and a wyvern sejant. Both legs are down, and the angle of the body and disposition of the tail is variable in both postures. Nor is there a clear distinction between a wyvern passant and a wyvern statant or sejant. The passant wyvern has one leg raised, as opposed to both legs on the ground as in the other two postures. Current precedent does not give difference between these postures: "[a wyvern passant vs. a dragon sejant] As a wyvern passant can be equally blazoned as a wyvern sejant, there is no CD for posture, thus there is only a single CD for the tincture of the wyvern." (LoAR 10/00). This precedent for wyverns apparently follows our precedents for birds, which give no difference for raising one leg of a bird close or rising, interpreting it as unblazonable artist's license (LoAR April 1992). Continental sources such as Siebmacher and Gelre uphold this interpretation of bird postures, but it is harder to find evidence of wyvern postures. One example of a wyvern passant in Siebmacher (die W{o:}rmb, f. 144) is blazoned modernly in Rietstap's Armorial G{e'}neral (under Wurmb)as dragon ail{e'} d'or, la patte dextre lev{e'}e ("A winged dragon, the dexter paw raised"), but this is a modern blazon, and only one example. A counterexample showing a wyvern passant wings displayed is also in Siebmacher (v. Breidenstein gen. Bredenbach, f. 130). This is modernly blazoned in Rietstap as the first quarter of Breidbach-B{u:}rresheim, Argent a dragon gules (not mentioning the raised foreleg). Again, this is only one example. Without clear evidence that period heralds would have considered passant and statant as distinct postures for wyverns, the existing precedent stands. Thus, this conflicts with a badge of the House of Tudor, (Fieldless) A dragon passant gules (important non-SCA armory) and the flag of Wales, Per fess argent and vert, a dragon passant gules (important non-SCA armory). In both cases there is a CD for fieldlessness but nothing for the difference in type between a wyvern and a dragon and nothing for the difference in posture. DRACHENWALD Ermingart Hawenthorn. Device. Per pale counter-ermine and ermine. The device conflicts with Jo Anne Blue, Per pale azure and ermine. There is only one CD (by RfS X.4.a) for changing half the field tincture. John de Barri. Name. This name is in conflict with John Barry (1745-1803), an important American naval officer with his own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica. It is also in conflict with Jean, Duc de Berry (1340-1416), patron of the arts, who commissioned the Books of Hours that bear his name. He has his own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica (1911 ed., vol. iii, p. 809). His armory has been registered under the holding name John of Drachenwald. S{a'}gad{i'}s Duncansdaughter. Name. S{a'}gad{i'}s was proposed as a constructed feminine given name. Examples of feminine given names have been found which are formed from major figures in the Norse pantheon (Thor, Odin, Freya) and use the deuterotheme d{i'}s. However, no documentation was provided that S{a'}ga falls into the same category as Thor, Odin, and Freya. The only documentation provided for S{a'}ga was as "a female mythological name" in E. H. Lind, Norsk-isl{a:}ndska dopnamn ock fingerade namn fr{ao}n medeltiden. Simply saying "a female mythological name" gives no indication what type of character S{a'}ga was in mythology, whether she was a goddess, a human, or some other type of creature. Therefore, we have no evidence that S{a'}ga is falls into the category of names combined with d{i'}s to form feminine given names in period. Lacking such documentation, this name is not a plausible construction. Additionally, this name combined a hypothetical Old Norse name and a Scots byname. Mixing Scots and Old Norse in a name has been ruled unregisterable: The combination of an Old Norse given name and an Anglicized Scots patronymic had too severe a temporal disparity. We have therefore changed the spelling of the given name to medieval Norwegian. [Ulvar MacVanis, A-Lochac, LoAR 07/2000] S{a'}gad{i'}s Duncansdaughter and Sigmundr H{a'}konsson. Joint household name Eplaheimr. Eplaheimr was submitted as a constructed name for a Viking-era farm meaning 'world of apples'. RfS III.1.a requires name phrases to be constructed of a single language. Eplaheimr does not meet this requirement, since eple is stated to be Norwegian and heimr is Old Norse. Just as we would not register a place name mixing Old English and Middle English in a single name phrase, a mix of Old Norse and Norwegian is not registerable in a single name phrase. There was some question about whether a Viking-era farm name is an appropriate model for a household name. Since we register household names based on late-period English manors, a Viking-era farm name is similarly registerable. Sigmundr H{a'}konsson. Name. Both Sigmundr and H{a'}kon were documented as Old Norse using Geirr Bassi (pp. 14 and 11). However, Geirr Bassi (p. 17) indicates the patronymic would be H{a'}konarson, not H{a'}konsson. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to make this correction. LOCHAC None. MERIDIES Angus McGillivray. Device. Gules, a chevron sable fimbriated between three lion's jambes erased argent. Conflict with Harold Graybear, Gules, a chevron sable fimbriated Or between three bears rampant argent. There is one CD for changing the type of the secondary charges but nothing for changing the tincture of the fimbriation. Connor Eldridge. Device. Sable, a gauntlet clenched Or and on a chief argent a cross gules charged with a lion passant guardant Or. This violates the layer limit in RfS VIII.1.c.ii: charges must lie directly on the field or on a charge that lies directly on the field. Here the lion lies on the cross, which lies entirely on the chief, which lies directly on the field. Gaston de Poitou. Device. Per bend gules and sable, a sun in splendor argent and a bordure Or. Conflict with Brendan mac Artuir ap Alan, reblazoned in the Atenveldt section of this LoAR as Per bend gules and sable, a sun Or held in sinister base by a cupped sinister hand in profile fesswise couped proper, all within a bordure Or. The hand is in profile, cups the sinister base portion of the sun, and overlaps the sun. The hand is significantly smaller than the sun, has a small outline impact and has low contrast with the sun, all of which combine to make the hand function as an insignificant maintained charge (even though the hand is technically the item doing the holding, rather than the item being held). Therefore there is one CD for changing the tincture of the sun, but no other difference for removing the hand. Iamys of Loch Cairn. Device. Azure, in pale a compass star and a triquetra argent. Conflict with a badge of the Barony of Rivenstar, Azure, a riven star argent. There is one CD for adding the triquetra, but there is no difference between a compass star and a riven star per the LoAR of April 2001. The charge in chief was originally blazoned as a mullet of four greater and four lesser points. This is generally blazoned in the SCA as a compass star. Katerina of Dunvegan. Device. Per pale Or and sable, an owl pean and a cat sejant erminois and on a chief vert three Stafford knots Or. This violates the rule of thumb for complexity in RfS VIII.1.a, as there are five tinctures (Or, sable, pean, erminois, vert) and four types of charge (owl, cat, chief, knots). The combination of types and tinctures should normally not exceed eight. MIDDLE Brangwayn Snowden. Device. Quarterly per fess rayonny Or and gules, in bend two birds displayed sable. The birds were originally blazoned as "ravens displayed". Ravens are not found in the displayed posture in period heraldry. They are close by default and almost always found in that posture. The unusual posture makes them more closely resemble eagles, which are usually found in the displayed posture. Because of the difficulty of identifying these birds as any particular sort of bird, they have been reblazoned as generic birds. See the cover letter of January 2000 for a more complete discussion of the interaction between bird type and bird posture. The device therefore conflicts with Edward de Maccuswell, Per saltire argent and sable, in pale two double-headed eagles displayed sable. There is one CD for changing the field. There is no difference for arrangement by RfS X.4.g. This rule states "Changing the relative positions of charges in any group placed directly on the field or overall is one clear difference, provided that change is not caused by other changes to the design." Here, the change of arrangement is due to another change to the design: the field tincture. The black birds in Edward's arms may not lie on the black portions of the field and therefore cannot be in bend like Brangwayn's birds. There is no type difference between these generic birds and the double-headed eagles. H{a'}ls Styrk{a'}rsson. Device. Argent, a fess wavy between two tankards and a longship inverted azure. "We do not allow inverted animate charges in SCA heraldry except when in recognized orientation, such as in annulo" (LoAR February 1999, p. 10). The situation with constructed items is more complex. Some constructed items, such as arrows and swords, are found in a variety of orientations in SCA and real-world armory. These charges generally have simple outlines, which enhances their identifiability in unusual orientations. However, not all constructed items are found in a wide variety of orientations. Ships are consistently depicted with the keel to base in heraldry. When inverted, a ship loses its identifiability to an unacceptable degree. On redesign, please advise the submitter to draw the complex-outlined secondary charges larger in proportion to the fess. We often direct the submitter to "draw the ordinary wider", but in this case, he has room to draw the fess narrower. Doing so will leave space for larger secondary charges. Johann von Magdeburg. Device. Argent, issuant to dexter from a maunch reversed sable charged with a gauntlet argent, a hand proper maintaining a heart gules. Because the maunch is reversed, the hand here issues from the shoulder hole of the sleeve, not the sleeve opening. The sleeve opening is in the long Norman-style bell-sleeve portion of the maunch. This placement of the hand confuses the orientation of the maunch. Precedent is also mixed about whether a flesh colored charge, even an artistic detail such as the hand here, may lie on an argent field. These cumulative problems require redrawing or redesign to resolve. Quene of Mercia. Name. Listed on the LoI as Quene of Mercia, this name was submitted as Quinn of Mercia and changed at kingdom because no documentation was provided and none could be found for Quinn as a given name. The spelling Quene was the closest documentable spelling that the Midrealm CoH was able to find, keeping in mind that the submitter noted that she cared most about sound and that she requested authenticity for the 9th-11th C. The College of Arms has not been able to find evidence of Quinn as a given name. Unfortunately, the form given on the LoI (Quene of Mercia) is presumptuous. RfS VI.1 says: VI.1 Names Claiming Rank.-Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous. Titles like Earl and Duke generally may not be used as Society names, even if the title is the submitters legal name. Names documented to have been used in period may be used, even if they were derived from titles, provided there is no suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank. For example, Regina the Laundress is acceptable but Regina of Germany is not. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Queen) derive this given name from the Old English cwen. It is from this same root that the title queen derives. Given the examples in Reaney & Wilson, this name is documented to have been used in period, and so may be used in an SCA name. However, the submitted name violates the requirement that the name have "no suggestion of territorial claim". This restriction has already been applied to Cwen: [Cwenwyn] "Given the many attestations of 'Cwen' both alone and as a protheme in Period, I believe that we should give it the same allowance that we do the name Regina: so long as it is not used in a name in such a way as to imply landedness, it will be acceptable for registration." (LoAR 2/92 p.12). Similarly, the combination of Quene with of Mercia implies landedness and is not registerable. Her armory has been registered under the holding name Jennifer of Greyhope. OUTLANDS None. TRIMARIS {AE}thelwynn R{ae}dwulfesdohter. Device. Argent, a wolf rampant gules and on a chief sable three estoilles argent. Conflict with Robyn MacArtair, Argent, a fox rampant guardant gules and on a chief sable a single-headed chess knight between two chess rooks argent. There is one CD for the change in type only of tertiary charge by X.4.j.ii, but no difference for the type change from a fox to a wolf, and no difference for changing the posture of the head of the beast. E{o'}rann Maguire. Badge. Gules, a quatrefoil Or within a bordure wavy argent. Conflict with a badge of Mariana Silversea, Azure, a rue-flower Or, seeded vert within a bordure wavy argent. There is one CD for the change to the field. On Mariana's form, the rue flower is drawn as a quatrefoil with four thin "whiskers", two between each petal. The rue flower is effectively a quatrefoil with some added artistic details and thus has no difference from a quatrefoil. WEST Gr{a'}inne ingen Domnaill Ildanaig. Name. The submitter requested authenticity for "Early Irish" and allowed minor changes. The element Ildanaig, meaning 'skilled', was intended as her father's descriptive byname and was documented in the nominative ild{a'}nach from the Dictionary of the Irish Language (under the heading in the list of compounds). That ild{a'}nach appears in the DIL documents that it was an Irish Gaelic word used in period. Some words were used in descriptive bynames. Others weren't. Descriptive bynames are rare in Gaelic. Most of those found refer to a physical trait. Of the few descriptive bynames that have been found to refer to a person's skill, none refer to unspecific concepts like 'skilled'. Someone who was skilled in a particular area might have a descriptive byname referring to that skill. Some examples include Cearrbhach 'gamester, gambler', na Seoltadh 'the sails' (referring to sail manufacturing or perhaps sailing). In the case of ild{a'}nach, we have no evidence that it would have been used in a descriptive byname. The "Annals of the Four Masters" (vol. 5, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/) list this word twice. Entry M1561.3 reads, "O Beirn Tadhcc, mac Cairpre, mic Maoileachlainn, fer ergna, ioldanach i l-laidin, & i n-gaoidheilcc, & isan d{a'} dlighedh .i. ciuil & c{a'}n{o'}in", which the online translation renders as "O'Beirne (Teige, the son of Carbry, son of Melaghlin), a learned man, well skilled in Latin and Irish, and in the two laws, namely, civil and canon". Entry M1534.7 reads, "Maol Muire Mac Eochadha adhbhar ollamhan Laighean l{e'} d{a'}n, fer eccna iolld{a'}nach b{a'} maith tegh n-aoidhedh", which the online translation renders as, "Mulmurry Mac Keogh, intended Ollav of Leinster in poetry, a learned man, skilled in various arts, who kept a good house of hospitality". In both of these instances, ioldanach/iolld{a'}nach (later forms of ild{a'}nach) does not stand alone. It is used in conjuction with other words which specify what the person is skilled at (even if it is something as vague as 'various arts'). Additionally, in both examples, the phrase which includes a form of ild{a'}nach is not actually part of the name. Lacking evidence that ild{a'}nach would be used on its own to describe someone, it is not registerable. If it were used in a descriptive phrase, as is the case with the cited "ioldanach i l-laidin" 'skilled in Latin', it would be registerable. We have found a single instance of a form of ild{a'}nach used as what appears to be a given name. "Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105003/), entry 492 give a genealogy as "Suibne m. Ca{i'}r{o'}c m. Ma{i'}l Chro{i'} m. Mugr{o'}in m. Domnaill m. Conaill m. Rechtada m. Recht{a'}in m. Ma{i'}le Anfaid m. D{i'}mmae m. Illd{a'}naich m. S{a'}r{a'}in mc Senaig". Given this example, this name would be registerable using Ildanaig as her grandfather's name: Gr{a'}inne ingen Domnaill meic Ildanaig. However, it was felt that adding the particle meic, and so changing Ildanaig from her father's descriptive byname to her grandfather's given name, was more than a minor change. As she does not allow major changes, we were unable to make this change or to drop the problematic element. As she requested authenticity for "Early Irish", the submitter may wish to know that we have not been able to document the name Gr{a'}inne earlier than the 14th C. Her armory was registered under the holding name Gr{a'}inne of Crosston. Mari Alexander. Name change from Mari Greensleaves. The submitter's legal name is Mari Alexander [surname]. Therefore, this submission contains the submitter's first two names in the same order as in her legal name. A similar submission was recently returned: The submission consists of the given names, in order, of the submitter. As this is one of the possible common use names, we have to return this submission for conflict against the submitter herself, protected under section III.A.9 of the Administrative Handbook. [Mary Amanda, 09/00, R-Artemisia] Therefore, just as Mari [surname] would be conflict with her legal name, so the submitted Mari Alexander conflicts with her with her legal name. Wilhelm von D{u:}sseldorf. Device. Gyronny vert and Or, a saltire counterchanged. The combination of the gyronny field and the saltire is very visually confusing. Each arm of the saltire is counterchanged along its long axis, which generally hampers identifiability. Because each piece of the counterchanged saltire is similar in size to the pieces of the gyronny field which show between the arms of the saltire, it is difficult to distinguish which parts of the emblazon belong to the charge, and which belong to the field. This design also does not appear to be period style. Absent documentation for the design of a cross or saltire, as an ordinary, counterchanged on a gyronny field in period, this must be returned. William le Forester. Name. A similar submission, William le Forestier was returned in the October 2001 LoAR: This name is being returned for conflict with William Forster (1819-1886) who was an English statesman and chief secretary for Ireland. As he has his own entry in the online Encyclopedia Britannica, he is protected. There was a question whether the addition of the syllable in the middle of the byname was sufficient to clear the conflict in conjunction with the addition of le. In this case, the auditory difference between Forster and Forestier is not significant enough to clear the conflict. As such, even with the addition of le, these names conflict. [William le Forestier, 10/2001, R-{AE}thelmearc] The same conflict applies to this submission. His armory was registered under the holding name William of the West.