THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Angels Keep, Canton of. Device. Argent, a tower within a laurel wreath and on a chief azure, three vols argent.

Johanna Dorlandt. Name and device. Gules goutty, a fess nebuly argent.

The LoI did not give appropriate bibliographical information about the cited sources. See the Cover Letter for more information on this topic. Had the commenters not been able to confirm the necessary information from other sources, we would have been forced to return this name.

Drawing a wavy line of division as wavy bretessed has long been grounds for return, such as:

From the July 1992 LoAR, p.17: "This sort of wavy ordinary, with the waves opposed instead of parallel ('wavy bretessed' instead of 'wavy-counter-wavy'), was returned on the LoAR of Dec 91 as a non-period depiction." [Andrew Quintero, 09/99, R-Atenveldt]

However, a fess nebuly bretessed is a period form of nebuly. John Bossewell's Workes of Armorie, 1572, the second book fol. 117, gives the blazon Azure, a fesse nebule de Ermine, betweene thre Phyals Dargent and the emblazon depicts the nebules as bretessed. The Gelre armorial provides an emblazon of the arms of Gerit v. Wynsen on f. 89, p. 207, with the nebules as bretessed and the blazon in the commentary is d'or à la fasce nebulae de gu. (no. 1200 on p. 347). Countering these is the lone example in Lindsay, 1542, of the arms of Stratown of that Ilk: Vair, an escutcheon gules and on a chief azure a bar nebuly argent. In this case, the nebules on the bar are synchronized.

Precedent has consistently stated that, for the purposes of conflict, there is no difference between wavy and nebuly; however, this does not mean that the two are identical. Given the examples above, nebuly bretessed is a valid variant of nebuly, though the difference is not blazoned.

John Michael Thorpe. Device. Quarterly barruly wavy argent and azure and argent, on a bend sinister sable between two roses Or a rapier argent.

Katari no Tashi. Name and device. Argent, a triquetra within and conjoined to an annulet vert.

The documentation for this name was not adequately summarized. Simply stating that a name (or name elements) appears in a particular book is often not sufficient -- we need to know what the book says about the name/name element. Because Solveig Throndardottir, "Name Construction in Medieval Japan" contains some elements marked as "modern," provides documentation for different types and genders of names, and, because it discusses name elements as well as full names, it is particularly important to summarize the information properly when documenting names from this work. Had the commenters not supplied the missing information, we would have been forced to return this name.

Mattea di Luna. Name and device. Azure, in cross a moon in her plenitude argent and three cinquefoils Or.

This does not conflict with Micheline Elphinstone, Azure, six roses, two, two and two, Or. There is a CD for changing the number of primary charges. As Micheline's roses could be arranged in cross, and are not, there is a second CD for arrangement.

However, this conflicts with Khevron Oktavii Tikhikovich Vorotnikov, Azure semy of cinquefoils Or, which is registered in the West section of this LoAR. There is only a single CD for changing the number of charges.

Both Khevron and Mattea are paid SCA members. The submissions appeared on June 22nd LoIs from their respective kingdoms. Khevron's badge was submitted to the West College of Heralds a day before Mattea's device was submitted to the Æthelmearc College of Heralds. Khevron's badge thus had precedence and was registered. On being informed of this situation, Khevron was kind enough to provide permission to conflict so that Mattea's device could also be registered.

Mugain inghean uí Bhraonáin. Name and device. Sable, in canton a decrescent argent and issuant from base a demi-sun Or.

Submitted as Mugain ingen uí Bhraonáin, the names mixes an undated Early Modern Irish patronymic with the Middle Irish patronymic marker ingen. In this case, the Middle Irish marker is inappropriate. We have substituted inghean, the appropriate Early Modern Irish particle.

The documentation for this was not adequately summarized. The summary mentioned only the author of the work and the page number where the name was found. A proper summarization includes not only this information, but also information about what the work says to support registration. In addition, appropriate bibliographical information about the cited sources was not present. See the Cover Letter for more information on this topic. Had the commenters not been able to confirm the necessary information from other sources, we would have been forced to return this name.

Niamh ingen Maolán. Device. Per bend vert and sable, on a bend argent, three sea-horses palewise purpure.

Niamh ingen Maolán. Badge. Per bend vert and sable, on a bend argent, three natural sea-horses palewise purpure.

There is a CD but not a substantial (as required for a CD between tertiary charges under X.4.j.ii) difference between a sea-horse and a natural seahorse. Thus there is a blazonable difference, though no CDs, between this badge and her device. That difference would be sufficient for someone else to register this armory with a letter of permission to conflict. Therefore that blazonable difference is also sufficient for the submitter to register both pieces of armory.

William of Delftwood. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly gules semy-de-lys argent and argent semy-de-lys sable.

Submitted under the name William fitz William.

AN TIR

Adam Fairamay. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th-14th C. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names s.n. Adam, lists Adam in 1306. Paired with the cited date of 1327 for Fairamay, this makes for a lovely early 14th C English name.

Alexsander von Mausheim. Name and device. Or, in pale a raven maintaining a reed pen inverted perched atop an anvil sable.

Alîme al-Aydiniyya. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Alîme Melek al-Aydiniyya, this name uses a double given name in a Turkish or Arabic name; this practice was ruled unregisterable for Arabic names in September 2001, and we have no evidence for it in Turkish names. The submitter provided two examples of names that might show double given names in Turkish in period: Nefise Melek Sultân Hâtûn and Pa{s,}a Melek Hâtûn. However, this is an unlikely interpretation. Al-Jamal explains:

Of the two [examples]...one is certainly not a case of a double given name: Pa{s,}a Melek Hâtûn is a double title: pasha, an indication of rank, and hatun (Lady). For the other, nefise means "exquisite, beautiful object" - maybe it's a name, and maybe it isn't. Sultan and hatun certainly are titles.

A single ambiguous examples does not a pattern make (sorry); we typically require at least three examples to demonstrate a pattern. Since the submitter explicitly allows dropping the second given name if the full name cannot be registered, we have changed the name to Alîme al-Aydiniyya in order to register it.

Anne Johnston. Name and device. Or, three chevronels and on a chief sable an increscent and a decrescent conjoined Or.

Ayleth Fairamay. Name.

Nice name!

Bethel Allen. Device. Per pale azure ermined Or and Or ermined azure.

Brocgar Smylie. Name and device. Per fess Or and azure, a badger statant sable and a round buckle Or.

Smylie is the submitter's legal surname.

Cerdic Wlfraven. Device. Vert, a wolf statant to sinister argent and in chief a sun Or, an orle argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the orle so that there is about twice as much space between the outer edge of the orle and the edge of the shield and to draw the orle two or three times wider.

Colin Richards. Name.

The submitter requested a name authentic to late 14th C Wales near Carmarthen. However, both name elements were documented as English names. Furthermore, none of the commenters found evidence that the name Colin was used in Welsh. So, while this is a lovely late 14th C English name, it is not authentic for Welsh for that period.

Dafydd Caerfyrddin. Name and device. Per pale azure and sable, a wolf statant and on a chief argent three Celtic crosses sable.

Elisabeth Catesby. Badge. (Fieldless) A mortar and pestle vert.

Nice badge!

Elisabeth Trostin. Name.

Submitted as Elisabeth Trost, in German names, patronymic, descriptive and occupational bynames for females should use a feminine or possessive form of the byname. We have changed the name to Elisabeth Trostin to correct the grammar.

The submitter requested a name authentic to 12th-14th C Germany. This is a lovely German name appropriate for that time period.

Eliza Clayton. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Guilheumes de Garrigis. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Guillaume de Garrigues, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Languedoc. While the submitted name appears to be a French form of an Occitan name, it is not the form we would expect to be used in that region. Ramons lo Montalbes, "French/Occitan Names from the XII and XIII Century", lists Guilhelms, Guilelmes, Guilhelmes, and Guilheumes as Occitan forms of the given name. For the locative, Dauzat and Rostaing, Dictionnaire etymologique des noms de lieux en France s.n. Garric, give the forms de Garricis in 1097 and de Garrigis in 1201. We have changed the name to Guilheumes de Garrigis to comply with the submitter's request for authenticity.

Isibel sviðanda. Name and device. Per fess rayonny azure and gules, in chief a bear passant argent.

Submitted as Isibel Sviðandi, the byname is a weak adjective and must agree with the gender of the given name. Sviðandi is the masculine form while sviðanda is the feminine. In addition, descriptive bynames in Old Norse are only registered in all lowercase. We have, therefore, changed the name to Isibel sviðanda.

Margret Elwald. Name.

This submitter requested an authentic Scottish name. This is a lovely 16th C Scots name.

Martin de Tyr. Name.

Submitted as Martin of Tyre, the submitter requested authenticity for 1177 Tyre. Between 1124 and 1291, Tyre was one of the principal cities of the Crusader States, and we would expect names from several cultures, including French. The submitter cites a Guillaume de Tyr who wrote a history of the crusades in the mid-12th C. While of Tyre is a reasonable English translation of de Tyr, it is not an authentic one -- in 1177, we would expect exactly what we find -- de Tyr, whether the bearer was French or English. Therefore, we have changed the name to Martin de Tyr to fulfill his request for authenticity.

Renard le Fox de Berwyk. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Renart the Fox of Berwick, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C. The given name is documented from 1292 in Paris; however, Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames gives Henry Renard in 1325. They also have, s.n. Fox, Hugo le Fox in 1297. Bardsley, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames s.n. Berwick, gives de Berwyk, in the time of Edward II (14th C). We have changed the name to Renard le Fox de Berwyk, an authentic 14th C English name.

Several commenters questioned whether a double byname is authentic for the 14th C. In fact, the introduction to Reaney and Wilson has several examples from the 13th and 14th C. In addition, Aryanhwy merch Catmael notes that Great Britain. Assizes (Northumberland). Three early assize rolls for the county of Nortymberland, sæc. XIII. (Durham [Eng.] Published for the Society by Andrews and Co., 1891, has several more examples. Examples are found of both given + locative + descriptive and given + descriptive + locative. Therefore, this name follows a documented pattern for English names.

Rychard Rowntree. Name.

Seagirt, Barony of. Badge. Azure, two pallets argent.

This is clear of Rolf Jarsson, Per pale azure and argent, a pale counterchanged. There are CDs for changes to the field, the number of primary charges, and the tincture of the primary charge(s). When the emblazons are compared, there is sufficient visual difference that RfS X.5 (Visual Test) does not apply.

Uilliam mac Ailéne mhic Seamuis. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Argent, in pale a mullet of eight points voided and a ship within a bordure wavy azure.

A mullet of eight points is simple enough to void, though mullets with more points are not. Please instruct the submitter to draw the bordure with more prominent waves.

Vivien of Shaftesbury. Name and device. Gules, a wheat stalk slipped and leaved Or and in chief three escallops argent.

The submitted requested a feminine name authentic to 14th C English, but all the evidence we have for the given name Vivien suggests that it was a masculine name. Many names that we consider masculine today were used by both genders in period. While we have no evidence that Vivien was one of these names, it is not unreasonable to assume that a female might use it. However, because we do not have evidence for this names use by women, we cannot guarantee that this is an authentic 14th C woman's name.

The device is clear of the badge for the Barony of Saint Swithin's Bog, for their Order of Saint Swithin, Gules, a stalk of three cattails slipped and leaved Or. There is a CD for adding the escallops.

A single wheat stalk conflicts with a single cattail. And precedent states:

[(Fieldless) A cattail plant with two cattails argent] Conflict with ... (Fieldless) A tuft of three cattails slipped and leaved argent. There is a CD for fieldlessness. However, both these pieces of armory are effectively cattail plants. The exact number of cattails on a plant may be blazonable but is not worth difference. This also conflicts with ... Vert, three cattails slipped and leaved conjoined at the base argent. That armory also appears to be a single cattail plant, resulting in a similar analysis. [Iron Bog, Shire of, 05/02, R-East]

This means that a plant with multiple cattails conflict with a plant with a different number of (multiple) cattails. However, a single wheat stalk is a period charge, as in the arms of Trigueros, in the Libra da Nobreza, f. xxxvi º, and no evidence has been presented that a single stalk of wheat is interchangeable with cattails. Therefore, a single stalk of wheat has a CD from a plant with two or more cattails and Vivien's device is clear of the barony's badge.

Ysoria de Brai. Badge. (Fieldless) A millrind gules.

Nice badge!

ANSTEORRA

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Award name Award of the Sable Talon of Ansteorra and badge. (Fieldless) An eagle's leg erased á la quise sable.

Order and Award names of the form Sable + charge are grandfathered to the Kingdom of Ansteorra.

This badge is clear of Arnolw Rabenhertz, (Fieldless) A raven's foot couped sable, armed and banded gules. There is a CD for fieldlessness and another for the difference between a bird's leg and foot.

Bjornsborg, Barony of. Release of guild name Exaltation of Larks dancing guild and badge. Azure, a lark displayed argent, beaked and membered Or, charged on the breast with a heart gules.

Chemin Noir, Canton of. Device. Or, on a pale sable a mullet of five greater and five lesser points Or and overall a laurel wreath vert.

The populace petition included with this submission is not a valid petition - the device is neither blazoned nor emblazoned. Fortunately, a valid officers' petition - with both blazon and emblazon - was also included.

Donnchadh Pixley. Name and badge. Sable, in cross four crosses crosslet fitchy Or.

Submitted as Donnchad Pixley, as submitted the name is two steps from period practice. First, it combines Gaelic and English in the same name. Second, there is a step for temporal disparity: the spelling Donnchad is a Middle Irish Gaelic form (e.g. found before 1200), while Pixley is dated to the early 17th C. Luckily, the Early Modern Irish form of the given name, Donnchadh is found as late as the mid-15th C in the Annals of Ulster. We have changed the name to Donnchadh Pixley in order to register it by removing the step for temporal disparity.

Dougal of Wiesenfeuer. Device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale vert and sable, on a pale argent four Celtic crosses vert.

Submitted under the name Dougal del Keire.

Ebergardis von Zell. Badge. (Fieldless) An ermine rampant erminois.

Etienne de Saint Amaranth. Device. Purpure estencely, a candle flammant argent.

Gustav Minsinger. Name and device. Gules, a vol surmounted by a spear inverted argent.

Kathleen MacLaughlen. Device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, in bend three equal-armed Celtic crosses counterchanged.

Medb Liath. Alternate name Druinne de Salesberie.

Muirenn ingen Nath-í. Name and device. Sable, three piles in point Or.

This name was not adequately summarized; the summarization consisted of the book and page number where each name was found. To document a name, you must not only say where it is found, but demonstrate that the documentation supports the registration of the name. In this instance, the work cited was Ó Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names. This work contains over 1000 years worth of Irish names, from Old Irish to Modern Irish; modern names are not suitable for registration. Furthermore, it contains many legendary names which are also not suitable for registration. Without an appropriate summarization of the name information, we do not have this information at the start and must spend time recreating the work already done by the submitter and the kingdom submissions herald. If the commenters had not done this work, we would have been forced to return this name.

Classic armory!

Northkeep, Barony of. Badge for Order of the Lions Paw of Kenmare. (Fieldless) In chevron a tower sable sustained by two lion's gambes erased Or.

Robert of Galloway. Device. Argent, a wolf rampant sable charged on the shoulder with a Latin cross Or.

Sabine Dubois. Name.

Tadc Sceth. Name.

Submitted as Tadc of Skey, the submitter requested authenticity for pre-12th C Irish. The locative byname of Skey is proto-Scots or Scots; for an authentic pre-12th C Irish name, it needs to be in Gaelic. Luckily, the Irish annals have several records of this island's name in Gaelic. Orle notes that The Annals of Ulster has the statement "nauigatio filiorum Gartnaidh ad Hiberniam cum plebe Sceth" (and the voyage of the sons of Gartnaid to Ireland with the people of Sci) in the 688 entry. Donnchadh Ó Corrain, "The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century" (http://www.ucc.ie/chronicon/ocorr2.htm) confirms that, despite the apparently Latin source, Sceth is the appropriate Gaelic genitive form of this placename: "Sciathia of the text is a learned latinisation of Scí 'Skye' (nom. Scí, gen. Sceth, Old-Norse Skíð)". We have changed this name to Tadc Sceth to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

Ulrich von Büdingen. Name.

ARTEMISIA

Bathsheba Ashdowne. Name.

Gerlach Sturmere. Name.

Tryggvi trolli. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Windegate, Shire of. Branch name (see RETURNS for device).

ATENVELDT

Dana the Unredy. Name.

Dana is the submitter's legal given name.

Eric the Lucky. Name.

Isibel sverðaspillir. Name change from Isabelle d'Avallon.

Her old name, Isabelle d'Avallon, is retained as an alternate name.

Iuliana Muñoz Maldonado de Castile. Name.

This name mixes Spanish and French. This is one step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a fully Spanish form of this name, we suggest Iuliana Muñoz Maldonado de Castilla.

Katherine Scarlett Hawkins. Device. Gules, a mouse rampant contourny and on a chief argent three carracks contourny proper, sailed gules.

Magnus av Nordensköld. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Melissa the Poulteress. Name change from Gabrielle de Benon.

Melissa is her legal given name.

Her old name, Gabrielle de Benon, is released.

Michael Hawkins of Portsmouth. Name.

Orion Storm Bruin. Device. Per fess azure and vert, on a bend cotised between a bear passant and a heart Or four gouttes de sang.

Please inform the submitter that the bend should be drawn wider.

Róisi MacCracken. Device. Or semy of bees, two chevronels purpure.

Ute Rogge av Nordensköld. Name and device. Per pale gules and argent, a mullet of six points counterchanged points enfiling three annulets braced two and one sable.

ATLANTIA

Ainbthen ingen Séigíne. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Ainbthen inghean Sheighin, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish language/culture. The name Ainbthen is the name of an early virgin saint. It is a rare name, and we find no evidence for it in the Irish Annals. Therefore, the given name must, as it is here, be Old or Middle Irish to be considered authentic in any way. For an authentic name, then, the patronymic should also be in Old or Middle Irish. Ó Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names s.n. Séigíne, lists the header spelling as the Old/Middle Irish form. As lenition of the letter s isn't typically written in Middle Gaelic, it is not necessary to lenite the patronymic here. We have changed the name to Ainbthen ingen Séigíne, a fully Middle Irish form, to comply with her request for authenticity.

Allastair Sterling. Name.

Amie Sparrow. Device change. Vert, three sparrows and a chief engrailed argent.

Her previous device, Per pale Or and vert, an eagle counterchanged within a bordure ermine, is retained as a badge.

Aonghus mac Donnchaidh. Name.

Bozhana Alexandrova. Device. Or, a squirrel sejant erect sable, sustaining a drawn wooden bow and arrow proper, the arrow fletched gules, within a bordure gules semy of acorns Or.

Dagfinnr Brúnsson. Name.

Nice name!

Dante di Lucio della Luna. Name and device. Quarterly argent and Or, on a cross engrailed azure a crescent Or.

Guillaume Tomas le Lou. Name change from holding name William of Caer Maer.

Hatano no Daigoro Masamori. Name.

Luke of Bright Hills. Name and device. Or, on a pale between two crescents azure, a rocket Or.

Nina of Bright Hills. Name and device. Or, a pale azure and overall an ypotryll rampant gules.

Nina is the submitter's legal given name.

Njáll Þorvaldsson. Device. Argent, a cross azure between in bend a Maltese cross gules and a tower sable within a bordure azure.

Raimondo Ricchi detto il Lemosino. Name change from Raimon Riquiers de Lymoges and device change. Per chevron argent and vert, in base a cross patonce Or.

Submitted as Raimondo Ricchi detto il Limogiano, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th-15th C Italian. The given name and patronymic were documented to the appropriate time period, but the alias was formed by adding an Italian ethnic deuterotheme to a French placename. There is no evidence that this is the appropriate way to form an Italian ethnic byname from a foreign place, and, in fact, violates RfS III.1.a, which says that, in general, a name phrase cannot contain more than one language. Fortunately, we can construct an appropriate Italian ethnic byname for a man from Limoges. Dante Alighieri, Divina Commedia "Purgatorio", Canto XXVI lines 119/120 has "e lascia dir li stolti/che quel di Lemosi` credon ch'avanzi" (and let fools talk/Who think Limoges produced a better poet!). Given the placename Lemosi, the appropriate ethnic form is Lemosino. We have registered this name as Riamondo Ricchi detto il Lemosino to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

His old name, Raimon Riquiers de Lymoges, is retained as an alternative name.

His previous device, Chevronelly argent and vert, in pale three crosses patonce Or, is retained as a badge.

Raimondo Ricchi detto il Lemosino. Badge. (Fieldless) On an anvil per chevron argent and vert, in base a cross patonce argent.

Renate de la Beche. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Rhiannon ferch Cuhelyn. Name and device. Argent, a vol and a gore sinister sable.

Rhiannon is an SCA-compatible name; it is the name of a goddess not used by humans during our period.

Roberto Ramirez. Name.

The name mixes Italian and Spanish; this is one step from period practice.

Rodrigo Garcia de Palacios. Name and device. Argent, a bull passant sable and a chief embattled vert.

Tor Olafsson. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Scandinavia. However, the language of the given name was Latin, found in England in the Domesday book. This may represent a documentary form Thor or Þor. However, changing to one of these forms would be a change of language, and the submitter will not allow major changes. It is likely that the name is Scandinavian in origin and is almost certainly authentic for the Danelaw region of England.

Tymoteusz Konikokrad. Badge. Or, an orca bendwise sable marked argent maintaining a meat cleaver sable.

A killer whale, or orca, may be blazoned as proper when it is sable, marked argent, but need not be.

While the meat cleaver is not especially recognizable, this emblazon is grandfathered to the submitter.

Violante Catalina de la Mar. Name.

Submitted as Violetta Catalina de la Mar, the submitter requested a name meaning "Violet of the Sea" with authenticity for 15th C. The second given name and surname are documented as Spanish; so, to make the name authentic the given name must also be a Spanish form. Violetta is documented from an English book titled Parismus, the renoumed prince of Bohemia His most famous, delectable, and pleasant historie. Conteining his noble battailes fought against the Persians. His loue to Laurana, the kings daughter of Thessaly. and his traunge aduentures in the desolate iland. With the miseries and miserable imprisonment, Laurana endured in the iland of rockes. And a description of the chiualrie of the Phrygian knight, Pollipus: and his constant loue to Violetta printed in 1598, which means the name is neither Spanish nor 15th C. Ultimately, the likely source language for Violetta is Italian; the 1427 Florence Catasto has both Viola and Violetto. Juliana de Luna, "Spanish Names from the Late 15th C," has the name Violante. Both Violetta and Violante are diminutives or variants of the name Viola or "violet." We have changed the name to Violante Catalina de la Mar to fulfill her request for authenticity. We note that the submitted form Violetta Catalina de la Mar is registerable but a step from period practice for mixing Italian or English and Spanish.

Wyon ap Iago. Name.

CAID

Ailill mac Duib Dara. Name.

Submitted as Ailill Mac Darach, the patronymic is problematic. The name Mac Darach, found in Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, is derived from a shortened form of the given name Dubhdarach. We have found no examples in the Irish Annals of the shortened version either as a given name or as a patronymic. Because Woulfe is primarily a modern name book, this lack of examples strongly suggests that the submitted form is post-period. Because the given name is Middle Irish, the patronymic should also be Middle Irish. The Annals of Ulster 1010.1 entry has a Cathal m. Duib Dara. In addition, at that place and time, the patronymic would literally mean that this was the son of a man named Dub Dara. Standard Gaelic transcription shows the marker in such patronymics in all lowercase. We have changed this name to Ailill mac Duib Dara_ in order to register it and to make it consistent with transcription standards for Middle Irish.

Alienor d'Orliens. Name.

Altavia, Barony of. Order name Order of the Argent Fret.

Names of the pattern heraldic tincture + Fret are grandfathered to this Barony. While many of the commenters disagreed with this interpretation, the fact that precedent currently supports exactly the interpretation given by Altavia is clear:

While use of an adjective, such as Argent or Dragon's, that does not change from order name to order name is the most common application of the Grandfather Clause in order names, we have also grandfathered specific construction types. Some examples include:

[Order of the Marble Chalice] No documentation was presented and none was found that Order of the Marble Chalice follows a pattern used for period order names. However, Gleann Abhann has registered Order of the Onyx Chalice (registered in September 1998) and Order of the Garnet Chalice (registered in September 1998). Since both marble and onyx are types of stone, Order of the Marble Chalice follows the same construction pattern as Order of the Onyx Chalice and so is registerable via the Grandfather Clause. [Gleann Abhann, Principality of, 12/2002, A-Meridies]

[Order of the Opal] No evidence was presented and none was found of period order names based on gemstones. As Atlantia has registered the Order of the Pearl, this construction is grandfathered to them. [Atlantia, Kingdom of, 12/2001, A-Atlantia]

In the first example, the construction Order of the [type of stone] Chalice is grandfathered to Gleann Abhann. [Ansteorra, Kingdom of, 01/03,A-Ansteorra]

However, just because this is the way things are doesn't mean that it is the way things have to be. Because grandfathering patterns is a matter of precedent, precedent may be set to change this. I would like to hear more of the College's opinion on whether we should continue to interpret the grandfather clause to include patterns, or whether it should be narrowed to include only the actual words found in a registered name. For details, please see the Cover Letter/Letter of Pends and Discussions published with this LoAR.

Altavia, Barony of. Order name Order of the Vert Fret.

The pattern heraldic tincture + fret is grandfathered to Altavia.

Angels, Barony of the. Release of heraldic title Seraphim Pursuivant.

The heraldic title, Seraphim Pursuivant, is released.

Annora Wallace. Name and device. Checky sable and argent, a bend sinister azure.

Bremen, Free Hanseatic City of. Device (important non-SCA armory). Gules, a key bendwise wards to chief argent.

In declining to protect the arms of Bremen in June 1995 Laurel stated "Though a large port city (one from which a large percentage of emigrants leaving for America sailed in the last 150 years), nothing else about the city or its arms seems to place it in the same category as those considered important enough to protect."

The Administrative Handbook states:

III.B.2. 2. Armory of Significant Geographical Locations Outside the Society - All national arms and national flags are considered sufficiently significant to protect, even if not yet listed in the Armorial. The historical or modern armory of other geographic locations may be protected on a case-by-case basis if the location is associated with important administrative, social, political, or military events and the arms themselves are important or well-known. Armory so protected will be listed in the Society Armorial and Ordinary when it is brought to Laurel's attention, but is protected prior to that addition.

After the dissolution of the German Empire in 1806, Bremen became an independent, sovereign free state. As such, its arms are considered important enough to protect.

Caid, Kingdom of. Release of badge for the Scientific Caidan. (Fieldless) An open book per pale argent and Or, charged in fess with a caliper and a crescent sable.

Caid, Kingdom of. Release of badge for the Sign Language Interpreters. Vert, in saltire two trumpets Or surmounted by a dexter hand appaumé all within a bordure embattled argent.

Caid, Kingdom of. Name correction from Collegium Caidis.

The name Collegium Caidis was registered in March, 1980 as an independent entity. However, this should have been registered as a household name belonging to Caid, Kingdom of; Collegium Caidis is the educational arm of the kingdom similar to the universities of various other kingdoms.

Caid, Kingdom of. Release of device for Collegium Caidis. Argent, on a bend azure between a pomegranate slipped and leaved Or, seeded and fimbriated gules, and an Arabian lamp flammant Or fimbriated gules, three crescents palewise argent.

Caid, Kingdom of. Release of badge for the Office of the Chancellor. Azure, a fasces within a bordure embattled argent.

Caid, Kingdom of. Release of badge for the Office of Avant Courier. Azure, a hand bell bendwise sinister argent.

Caid, Kingdom of. Release of badge for the Office of the Chatelaine. Azure, a key palewise, wards to chief, argent.

Caldera Keep, Canton of. Release of branch name and device. Azure, platy, a cauldron within a laurel wreath argent.

Carnmore, Canton of. Release of branch name and device. Argent, a castle vert, in chief three laurel wreaths, a base rayonny gules.

Catlyn Kinnesswood. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Catyln Kinnesswood, the forms and documentation show Catlyn Kinnesswood. We have fixed the spelling to reflect the forms and documentation.

Cormac MacLeoid. Name.

Cormac Mór. Alternate name Noe Noe.

Delina Natali. Name.

Dirk Ivanovich. Name change from Direk Ivanovich.

Dirk is the submitter's legal given name.

His old name, Direk Ivanovich, is released.

Eikdal, Shire of. Release of branch name and device. Gules, two serpents erect glissant respectant argent maintaining in their mouths a laurel wreath Or.

Elizabeth of Roxbury Mill. Device. Argent, a ladybug gules marked sable and on a chief gules two roses argent barbed vert and seeded gules.

Elspeth of Stillwater. Device. Per bend gules and purpure, a bend between a dragon passant reguardant argent and a threaded needle bendwise Or.

Fearghus the Elder. Name and device. Gules, two pallets dancetty, in fess three arrows argent.

Submitted as Fearghus Mac Lachlainn the Elder, there was some question whether the byname the Elder was a claim to be a relation to the Feargus MacLachlainn, registered April, 1998. There are arguments supporting both sides of the argument. The names of Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger were raised to support the "presumption" side. According to Britannica Online, the younger Pliny was the nephew and adopted son of the elder Pliny. Britannica Online reveals several other pairs noted with these descriptives who are father and son: Sir Henry Vane the elder and Sir Henry Vane the younger, Royalist and Parlimentarian respectively during the reign of Charles I of England; Hans Burgkmair elder and younger, late 15th/early 16th C artists, On the "not presumptuous" side, Black, Surnames of Scotland, s.n Elder, suggests the name signifies "the elder of two bearing the same forename. However, he gives no examples where this byname is found as a second byname. Of course, these names may or may not have been used by their contemporaries and may not be a very good translation for German or Latin. Still, they do imply quite strongly that the phrase the Elder is understood by people today to refer to the father in a father-son pair. Given this strong association, we feel that the Elder is one of those phrases that imply close relationship, and therefore, it, like the Younger, cannot be used to clear conflict with an identical name without explicit permission from the owner of the already registered name to claim a relationship. We have dropped the patronymic and registered this name as Fearghus_the Elder in order to clear the assumption of presumption.

This name mixes Gaelic and English; this is one step from period practice.

Fíne Fhind ingen Chonaill. Name.

Submitted as Fína Fhind ingen Chonaill, the submitter requested authenticity for 6th C Irish. The given name was documented from Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Early Irish Feminine Names from the Index to O'Brien's Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae". This article does not distinguish legendary names from names used by humans and has been withdrawn by the author. It is no longer appropriate for use in documenting names. In the 6th C, the form of Irish found is Ogham Irish. Unfortunately, no Ogham forms similar to the submitted name were found. However, Rede Boke suggests an appropriate 9th/10th C form: Fíne Fhind ingen Chonaill. Ó Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names s.n. Fíne, lists an abbess of that name in 805. Mari neyn Brien's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" lists the byname Fhind in 97, and the given name Conall throughout the 8th C. We have changed the name to Fíne Fhind ingen Chonaill in order to register it.

Gemma Rosalia. Device. Purpure, three increscents in bend between two ferrets statant argent.

Gregory Falcon. Name.

Greymorn, Shire of. Release of branch name.

Gwenhwyvar verch Owein. Name.

Hélène de Lyon. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Jarucha Delamare. Device. Per fess indented azure and gules, a dance argent between a Latin cross fleury and a pilgrim's purse Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the dance wider and the pilgrim's purse larger.

Justin Brekleg. Name.

Katerine la Petita d'Avignon. Device. Per bend gules and sable, a kraken bendwise Or.

Katherine of Roxbury Mill. Name.

Kean de Lacy. Alternate name Owen Bytheway.

Kynedriþ filia Gerald. Name and device. Sable, an hourglass bendwise and a bordure embattled argent.

Mael Anfaid MacLeoid. Name.

Marion Fitzthomas. Name and device. Argent, on a bend azure, three open books argent, on a chief sable an arrow Or.

Submitted as Marion FitzThomas, all examples found by the commenters of Fitz- surnames show the first letter of the patronymic in lowercase when the marker and the name are not separated by a space. We have changed the name to Marion Fitzthomas in accordance with this practice.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chief wider.

Martin Monteyro do Monte. Name.

Meliora Deverel. Name.

Mina de Valençia. Name.

Submitted as Mina de Valençia y Alcasar, the submitter requested a name authentic for 14th C Navarre. Siren observes:

I have recorded one byname of the form <de placename y placename> in Spain before 1400. It's not from Navarra. In fact, Navarese bynames tend to be less complicated in the 14th century than those of Leon and Castilla. So, I don't think that the complex byname meets her request for authenticity.

In keeping with these comments, we have dropped the second locative byname and registered her name as Mina de Valençia to comply with her request for authenticity.

Muirenn ingen meic Martain. Device. Per fess vert and sable, in pale a sinister hand issuant from a vol argent.

The wings do not have the same visual weight as the hand; however, the wingspan is as wide as the hand is tall. This meets our criterion for a sustained charge. A similar design, Per fess vert and sable, issuant from a vol argent a sinister hand argent, was returned 08/2003 for conflict with Francois le Féroce, Per chevron vert and argent, in chief two wings addorsed argent, as the hand was considered to be a maintained charge. In the current submission, there is a CD for changes to the field and a second for adding the co-primary hand. Similarly, this is clear of Kenric Manning, Lozengy azure and Or, a hand argent with a CD for changes to the field and another for the addition of the wings.

Rodagnas maqqas Vergoso. Name.

Nice name!

Rosamond de Crèvecoeur. Device. Purpure, a stag lodged within a bordure dovetailed argent.

Rosamund Kinnish. Name.

Thomas Brownwell. Alternate name Haye Finne.

Tolric of Entwisle. Name and device. Per pale sable and Or, an owl affronty and in chief two mullets of eight points elongated to base counterchanged.

This name mixes Old and Middle English with a nearly 300 year gap between the dates for the various parts. This is a step from period practice.

CALONTIR

Alana filia Tigernáin. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, a phoenix and on a chief Or an ivy vine vert.

Originally submitted as Alana filia Tigernán, the name was changed at kingdom to Alana inghean Tighearnáin because the patronymic phrase mixed Latin and Irish in violation of RfS 3.I.a, Linguistic Consistency. However, for languages where the practice of mixing Latin with vernacular spellings in a patronymic is well documented, such combinations may be allowed. This is the case for Old and Middle Irish; an examination of the various Irish Annals and other Irish manuscripts found at the CELT site (www.ucc.ie/celt) reveals numerous examples where both the given name and patronymic are in Gaelic, while the patronymic marker used is the Latin filia or filius. The Annals of Ulster entries for 730 have Bran filius Eugain and Oitecde m. Baithectde, filius Blathmicc, in 580 Colggu filius Domnaill filii Muirchertaigh mc. Muireadhaigh, and in 801 Be Fáil filia Cathail. The Annals of Tigernach show Sebdand filia Cuirc in 732 and Martha filia Maic Dubain in 758. While using the Latin patronymic marker is not the usual thing in these manuscripts, it happens often enough to form a distinctive pattern in Old and Middle Irish manuscripts. However, we do not find this pattern in Early Modern Irish documents. Therefore, because of a well established pattern showing the pattern of Latin patronymic markers used with Gaelic patronymics in Old or Middle Irish, either a Latin or a Gaelic patronymic marker may be used in patronymics where the name is Old or Middle Irish. For patronymics where the name is Early Modern Irish, only the Gaelic patronymics markers may be used. Because the originally submitted form of the patronymic, Tigernán, is Middle Irish, it is acceptable to use the Latin patronymic marker with it. However, the originally submitted form had the patronymic in the nominative case rather than the required genitive case. We have changed the name back to the originally submitted form, put the patronymic in the required genitive case, and registered the name as Alana filia Tigernáin

Cassandra Peverell. Name and device. Vert, a horse couchant and on a chief nebuly Or three plumes bendwise sinister sable.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the chief narrower.

Ceara Wyther. Name change from Katharine Wyther and device change. Per fess Or and vert, two oak leaves and a full drop spindle inverted bendwise sinister counterchanged.

Submitted as Cére Wyther, as submitted this name is two steps from period practice. First, it mixes Gaelic and English. Second, there is a more than 300 year gap between the 681 date for the given name and the mid 13th C date for the surname. Although the surname Wyther is grandfathered to her, grandfathered names may only violate rules already violated in the originally registered name. Her original name had neither the language nor the temporal problems of the submitted name. We have changed this name to Ceara Wyther in order to register it. Ó Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names s.n. Cera, lists Ceara as the latter form of the name of a virgin saint. As saints names are generally registerable as parts of mixed language names, this removes the temporal problem.

Her old name, Katharine Wyther, is released.

Her previous device, Per fess Or and vert, three oak leaves counterchanged, is retained as a badge.

Cécille Cerise of Cherybeare. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Cécile Cerise of Mazzardbeare-on-Stitch, there are several issues with this name. The given name Cécile is a modern spelling. However, the spelling Cécille appears in Aryhanwy ferch Catmael, "Names from a 1587 Tax Roll from Provin." We have made this change.

More serious, though, is the construction of the locative byname. First, the overall construction of treegrove-on-piece of land is not a pattern found in English placenames. The only examples we have of similar constructions show the pattern placename+on or upon+river name. However, the element Stitch is documented only as a generic topographic term meaning "a piece of land". This is neither an actual placename nor a river name, and its inclusion in a compound English placename of this sort does not fit the pattern found for these names. Second, the initial element, Mazzardbeare is not well formed. We have found no examples of mazzard or the related maser meaning a "cherry tree" in English placenames, nor do we have examples of mazzard meaning "cherry tree" until the late 16th/early 17th C. As such, it is not appropriate for use in an English placename. However, Mills, A Dictionary of English Place-Names has several examples of the Middle English chiri "cherry" used in placenames: s.n. Burton Cheriburton in 1444, s.n. Hinton Cheryhynton in 1576, and s.n. Willingham Chyry Wylynham in 1386. Ekwall, A Dictionary of English Place-Names s.n. Rockbeare has the deuterotheme -bear(e) in Rockbear in 1275. Cherybeare , meaning "cherry grove" is a possible form for such a placename. We have changed the name to Cécille Cerise of Cherybeare in order to register it.

Dessa Demidova Zabolotskaia. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Elena vom Schwarzwald. Name and device. Gules ermined argent, on a bend sinister argent three holly sprigs palewise vert fructed gules.

As documented, this name mixes English and German; this is one step from period practice. However, Rede Boke has found the spellings Elen and Helena in German. While a name using one of these spellings would be the best recreation, given these variants, Elena would not be completely unexpected in German.

Grímr Skallagrímson. Device. Sable, a boar passant and on a chief Or three Thor's hammers gules.

Günther Klaus von Stuttgart. Name and device. Or, a stag's attires and a bordure sable.

Ichikawa Moromoto. Device. Sable, on a hawk's bell argent a quatrefoil sable.

Ichikawa Moromoto. Badge. Argent, on a hawk's bell sable a quatrefoil argent.

Istvan of Deodar. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, a double-headed phoenix and in chief a pair of hands appaumy, within a bordure counterchanged.

Kathalyn Nimet. Blanket permission to conflict with badge. Or, a dolphin vert finned and beaked and in base two bars wavy purpure.

The permission to conflict is for anything that is one countable step different, or a CD, from her registered badge, Or, a dolphin vert finned and beaked and in base two bars wavy purpure.

Kathalyn Nimet. Release of alternate name Ceara inghean Ghallchobhair uí Chionaoith.

Mevanwy verch Tuder Courtecadeno. Badge. (Fieldless) On a beehive purpure, a bee Or.

Mikhail Zabolotskii. Name and device. Quarterly Or and sable, two bear's pawprints sable.

Órækja Ottarsson j Tunsbergi. Name and device. Quarterly Or and vert, a cross gules between two feathers bendwise sinister argent.

Submitted as Órækja Óttarson of Tonsberg, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th-14th C Norwegian language/culture. The given name and patronymic were documented as Old Norse, however the 12th-14th C Norwegian forms are very similar. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn Och Fingerade Namn frän Medeltiden vol 6 s.n. Órókia, lists the spelling Órækja in both 1236 and 1356; it is a fine given name for this period. "Diplomatarium Norvegicum", http://www.dokpro.uio.no/dipl_norv/diplom_felt.html, lists the patronymic Ottarsson in 1346 and 1347. The locative is found in the same collection as Tunsberg in 1294, and in its genitive forms Tunbergi and Tunberghi at various points in the 14th C. We have changed this name to Órækja Ottarsson j Tunsbergi, a fully 14th C form of this name, to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

Philippe du Rouchard. Device. Per pale argent and azure all estencely, a fleur-de-lys counterchanged.

Rhiannon Ross. Name.

Rhiannon is SCA compatible.

Rohese de Dinan. Name and device. Ermine, on a bend sinister azure three horse's heads palewise couped Or.

Rós Fhionn inghean Domhnaill. Device. Azure, a wolf couchant contourny and on a chief triangular argent a rose proper.

This was an appeal of a kingdom return for redraw. The reason for the kingdom return was not specified on the LoI. We cannot find a reason for a redraw (or other return) and are accepting it. Please advise the submitter to draw the chief wider in the center.

Svein sutari svithanda. Device. Argent, a leather bottell sable between three ogresses.

The leather bottell is a period heraldic charge. It was used as a charge by the Worshipful Company of Horners since at least the end of the 16th C. (Armorial Bearings of the Guilds of London, Bromley & Child, pp.141-142.) Baron Bruce Draconarius has provided an illustration of the Horners' leather bottell, which can be found at the end of this LoAR. The submitted emblazon depicts an actual period bottell; not a perfect duplicate of the charge used by the Horners, being less stylized and with smaller loops, but clearly the same charge.

Thóra Jódísardóttir. Name and device. Or, an elfbolt and on a chief azure three decrescents Or.

Submitted as Thóra Jódísdótter, the grammar of the byname is incorrect. The correct form of a feminine patronymic of the name Jódis is Jódisardóttir. We have made this change.

Please instruct the submitter how to draw proper decrescents.

Vladimir Krasnoboroda. Name and device. Per fess gules and Or crusilly Russian Orthodox counterchanged.

DRACHENWALD

Anna of Two Seas. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron inverted argent and vert, in chief a lion rampant queue fourchy gules.

Please inform the submitter that the lion needs to be drawn larger.

Submitted under the name Anna von Silvenhain.

Astrid Jons dotter i Torp. Name.

Dis Mikkelsdotter i Torp. Name and device. Gules, a dog sejant contourny forepaw raised and on a chief Or three ermine spots sable.

Ygraine of Warham. Name.

EALDORMERE

Amanda of Ben Dunfirth. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly gules and azure, a cross between four martlets Or.

Submitted under the name Falgerðr bumbari hoensaskjald.

Bethóc ingen Mael Féchín Fynletyr. Name and badge (see RETURNS for device). Argent, three bars wavy, a pale azure.

Submitted as Bethóc inghean Mael_Féchín F.ynletyr, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th-12th C Scottish Gaelic but accepted minor changes only. As submitted, the name combines an 11th-12th C Gaelic given name and patronymic with a 14th C Scots locative. Because the submitter will not allow major changes, we cannot drop the 14th C Scots element to make the name authentic.

The name has some minor grammar problems that must be fixed to make the name registerable. First, the patronymic combines the Early Modern Gaelic marker inghean with a Middle Gaelic name; to correct this, the marker should be ingen, the Middle Gaelic feminine patronymic marker. Finally, the . (dot) was added to the locative Fynletyr to lenite it; in Irish script, the dot is added after lenited letters to show lenition. However, while Gaelic uses lenition, it is not found in English or Scots and is not appropriate for a word in English or Scots spelling. The attempt at lenition must be dropped to make the name grammatically correct. Therefore, we have changed the name to Bethóc ingen Maelféchín Fynletyr to correct the grammar.

There is a blazonable distinction but no heraldic difference between a field with three bars and a barry field. Please advise the submitter that if she desires a barry field, the argent and azure traits should be the same width and there should be an equal number of each argent and azure trait.

Caitilín inghean Tomáis uí Dhuibihir. Device. Ermine, a lion rampant tail nowed gules charged on the shoulder with a rose Or barbed, seeded, slipped and leaved vert.

Deredere of Aberdeen. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Mateo de Merida. Name (see RETURNS for device and badge).

Odette de Saint Remy. Device. Per bend purpure and azure, a fleur-de-lys within a double tressure argent.

MERIDIES

Alicia of Dunbar. Badge. Sable, a pale endorsed argent and overall a zephyr Or.

Allegranza Maria del Rosso. Name and device. Argent, a dolphin naiant and on a chief wavy vert four hearts argent.

Submitted as Allegranza Maria de Rossi, the byname de Rossi is not grammatically correct. If this is intended to be a patronymic derived from the name Rosso, the correct forms are either di Rosso, Rossi. The submitter indicated that, if de Rossi was not acceptable, she would accept del Rosso, which is a common name in the 1427 Catasto of Florence. We have made this change.

Arailt of Dinsmore. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and Or, a brown bear rampant proper and in chief three torques argent.

As submitted this name is registerable, but highly unlikely. First, it contains a Gaelic version of a Norse name; Aralt and Arailt are Gaelic forms of Harald, which, at least in the Irish Annals, is found only as a name used for non-Gaels. Second, it combines Gaelic and English, which is one step from period practice. The Scots form of the given name is, typically, Harald; Black, Surnames of Scotland s.n. Harald and Haraldson has Harald in 1228 and Haraldson in 1434. Harald of Dinsmore would be a fully Scots form of this name.

Blazoned on the LoI as Gules Per bend sinister vert and Or, a brown bear rampant and in chief three torques argent, enough commenters conflict checked with the correct tinctures that this can be registered rather than pended.

Dehfin Brit. Name.

Diego de Valençia. Name.

Emeric de Rammesburi. Name.

This name mixes Old English and Middle English; given the 294 year gap between the dates for each of these names, this makes the name highly unlikely. It is, however, still registerable.

Gary of Vulpine Reach. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron Or and sable, two eagle's heads erased gules and a lion passant Or.

Submitted under the name Ceidrych the Traveler.

Genevieve de Prez. Name.

James Guy of Bothwell. Device. Azure, a lion between three anchors argent.

Kerstyn Gartenerin. Name.

Submitted as Kerstyn Gartener, the submitter requested a feminine name. There was some question whether the name Kerstyn was a feminine name. The given name, Kerstyn, is documented as a masculine name. However, Talan Gwynek, "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" has the feminine Kirstyn in 1381. Bahlow/Gentry, German Names s.n. Karsten, Kirsten, and Kerstin derive all of these forms from the given name Christian. Given this information, it seems possible that the form Kerstyn might also have been used by women. However, in German feminine names, descriptive or occupational bynames appear with the feminine ending -in. We have changed the name to Kerstyn Gartenerin in order to correct the grammar.

Mykeal Halfdan. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Myreal Haledan, both the forms and the documentation showed Mykeal Halfdan. We have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

Sophie Ehrhardtin. Name.

Submitted as Sophie Ehrhardt, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C German. In late period Germany, patronymics in women's names were nearly universally put into a feminine or genitive form to match the given name. We have changed the name to Sophie Ehrhardtin to correct the grammar and fulfill her request for authenticity.

Viviana Fiorentina. Name change from holding name Viviana of Meridies.

Submitted as Viviana la Fiorentina, the definite article is not usually found in ethnic bynames such as this. Therefore, we have dropped the article and registered the name as Viviana_Fiorentina.

The submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Italian. Juliana de Luna, "Masculine Names from Thirteenth Century Pisa" has the Latin Vivianus, of which Viviana would be a standard femininization. This article also lists the Latin Florentinus as a byname; Fiorentino "man from Florence" is the expected vernacultar for this name. Fiorentina "women from Florence" would be the appropriate form for a vernacular woman's name. However, we have no example of the given name used by women, nor do we have a similar sounding feminine given name. Therefore, while this name is consistent with 13th C Italian, we cannot guarantee that it is authentic.

MIDDLE

Antonia da Troina. Badge. Argent, a dolphin naiant purpure within a bordure vert estencely argent.

Elsa die Kleine. Device. Per chevron azure and argent, two musical notes and a mouse statant counterchanged.

We wish to remind the College that this form of a musical note (a lozenge with a vertical line from the top corner) has been registerable since 1998:

According to the PicDic, 2nd ed., # 520, "A musical note is ... commonly represented as a lozenge or an ovoid roundel with a vertical stem at one end." The 'musical note' here is not a period form, but a modern (post-period) one. This one neither matches the semiminim note in the Pictorial Dictionary (a lozenge shape with a vertical line from the sinister corner; this version has been superseded by newer research) nor the form the newer research has shown (a lozenge shape with a vertical line from the top corner). (LoAR 3/98 p. 16)

For those interested in the "newer research" mentioned in this LoAR, the documentation for that submission's form of musical note was from Willi Apel's The Notation of Polyphonic Music 900-1600, fifth edition. The analysis indicating that the current standard form of SCA musical note is not found in period musical notation was provided by Magister Klement St. Christoph. [Alicia of Granite Mountain, 01/02, A-Atenveldt]

Helewyse de Birkestad. Name.

Nice name!

Marina de Valencia. Name.

Nice name!

Robert Downey of Forfar. Device. Ermine, a tower and on a chief embattled vert two fiddles fesswise necks to center argent.

Thomas Haworth. Device. Gyronny gules and argent, eight quavers counterchanged argent and azure.

We wish to remind the College that this form of a musical note (a lozenge with a vertical line from the top corner) has been registerable since 1998:

According to the PicDic, 2nd ed., # 520, "A musical note is ... commonly represented as a lozenge or an ovoid roundel with a vertical stem at one end." The 'musical note' here is not a period form, but a modern (post-period) one. This one neither matches the semiminim note in the Pictorial Dictionary (a lozenge shape with a vertical line from the sinister corner; this version has been superseded by newer research) nor the form the newer research has shown (a lozenge shape with a vertical line from the top corner). (LoAR 3/98 p. 16)

For those interested in the "newer research" mentioned in this LoAR, the documentation for that submission's form of musical note was from Willi Apel's The Notation of Polyphonic Music 900-1600, fifth edition. The analysis indicating that the current standard form of SCA musical note is not found in period musical notation was provided by Magister Klement St. Christoph. [Alicia of Granite Mountain, 01/02, A-Atenveldt]

TRIMARIS

Angus Armstrong. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Aubray inghean Fhearghaill. Name and device. Or, on a shamrock vert a triquetra Or, on a chief sable two triquetras Or.

This name mixes English and Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

Listed on the LoI as Aubray inghean Fhearghaill, the forms indicated that this name had been submitted as Aubray inghean Farrell. The forms also indicated that the submitter only accepted minor changes, but a change from the English Farrell to the Gaelic Fhearghaill is a major change. Correspondence revealed that this change had been made with the approval of the submitter. However, this was not mentioned on the LoI. Submissions heralds: If you make changes to a name, you must mention this on the LoI; this is particularly important when the changes are in violation of the wishes indicated by the submitter on the form and by your summarization of the checkboxes. This information allows the commenters and the Laurel team to assess whether a closer option is available, and also helps to insure that the submitter's wishes were followed.

Christian the Barrester. Name.

Gráinne inghean Bhriain mhic Néill. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and azure, on a bend argent three shamrocks palewise vert.

Submitted as Gráinne inghean Bhrian mhic Néill, the first patronymic is in the nominative case rather than the required genitive case. We have changed the name to Gráinne inghean Bhriain mhic Néill to correct the grammar.

No documentation was presented for this name other than that each particular element appeared in a particular source. This is not an acceptable summarization. It is not enough to say just where a name is found (although this is important), you must also explain what the source has to say about the name element and why this supports its registration. Had the commenters not provided this information, we would have been forced to return this name.

Melodia de Okhurste. Name (see PENDS for device).

Octavio de Flores. Badge. (Fieldless) An escarbuncle vert each spoke terminating in a rose gules.

This charge is grandfathered to the submitter.

Octavio de Flores. Reblazon of device. Argent, an escarbuncle vert each spoke terminating in a rose and a chief gules.

Registered 07/2002 and blazoned Argent, eight roses in annulo gules slips to center and conjoined at their bases vert and a chief gules, the primary charge is actually an escarbuncle with each spoke ending in a rose.

Ragnarr Edmundarson. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, on a lozenge argent a crescent gules.

Please instruct the submitter on how to draw proper crescents.

Robert Alain de Roussillon. Name.

Simon of Oldenfeld. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, a feather bendwise sinister within a bordure embattled argent.

Please instruct the submitter to draw to bordure wider.

Submitted under the name Simon Maurus.

Þorniútr Walker. Name and device. Vert, a boot reversed and in chief three caltrops Or.

This name mixes a Swedish or Old Norse given name with an English byname. In either case, this is one step from period practice.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. Azure semy of triskeles argent, a lance Or.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. Azure, a greyhound courant to sinister between three triskeles one and two argent.

WEST

Art mac Ceallaigh. Device. Azure, a bend between an owl displayed argent and a tree eradicated Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the owl properly displayed. As drawn, it has no feet, which a displayed bird would show sticking out to either side.

Hrafnafj{o,}rðr, Shire of. Branch name and device. Per fess embattled Or and sable, a raven volant, wings addorsed, and a laurel wreath counterchanged.

Submitted as Hrafnafjorðr, Shire of, the documentation for the Old Norse deuterotheme showed fj{o,}rðr. In Old Norse, the character o and {o,} (o-ogonek) are not interchangable. Therefore, we have changed this to Hrafnafj{o,}rðr, Shire of in order to match the documentation.

Jadwiga Zawadzka. Name.

Submitted as Jadwiga de Zawada, the submitter requested an name authentic for Polish language/culture. As submitted, this name is a Latin form of a Polish name; it is a fine documentary form, but it is not in Polish. The Polish form of this name is Jadwiga_Zawadzka; we have made this change to fulfill her request for authenticity.

Khevron Oktavii Tikhikovich Vorotnikov. Badge. Azure semy of cinquefoils Or.

The submitter has permission to conflict with Micheline Elphinstone, Azure, six roses two, two and two, Or, and with Colin Tyndall de ffrayser, Quarterly sable and gules, all semy of fraises Or.

This conflicts with Mattea di Luna, Azure, in cross a moon in her plenitude argent and three cinquefoils Or, which appears in the Æthelmearc section of this LoAR. There is a single CD for the number of charges.

Both Khevron and Mattea are paid SCA members. The submissions appeared on June 22nd LoIs from their respective kingdoms. Khevron's badge was submitted to the West College of Heralds a day before Mattea's device was submitted to the Æthelmearc College of Heralds. Khevron's badge thus has precedence and may be registered. On being informed of this situation, Khevron was kind enough to provide permission to conflict so that Mattea's device could also be registered.

Khevron Oktavii Tikhikovich Vorotnikov. Blanket permission to conflict with badge. Azure semy of cinquefoils Or.

The submitter grants permission to conflict for anything that is "one countable step different" (a CD) from his badge.

Þorfinna Ketilsdóttir. Name.

- Explicit littera accipendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

William fitz William. Name.

Conflict with William Rufus, otherwise known as William II, King of England after his father, William the Conquerer. At that time, William fitz William (or more likely Guillaume fiz Guillaume) would be an expected name for this historical sovereign.

His armory has been registered under the holding name William of Delftwood.

AN TIR

Alîme al-Aydiniyya. Device. Per pale azure and argent, an arrow fesswise, a moon in her plenitude and a flame, one and two, all within a bordure charged with three gouttes counterchanged.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per pale azure and argent, in fess a moon in her plenitude and a flame and in chief an arrow fesswise all within a bordure charged with three gouttes counterchanged, the arrow is large enough to be co-primary, thus this is "slot-machine" heraldry (uses more than three types of charges in the same charge group). This has long been grounds for return per RfS VIII.1.a.

Eliza Clayton. Device. Or semy of frogs vert, a wooden wagon wheel "fracted" in dexter chief proper and a bordure azure.

This is returned for lack of blazonability. A wheel fracted would still show the entire wheel. A wheel missing the dexter chief quarter would be missing more of the wheel and would not have the jagged rim, judging by the examples of fractional wheels in Siebmacher. This needs to be drawn either a wheel fracted or a wheel missing the dexter chief quarter.

Gemma Meen. Device change. Purpure, on a tower argent a "dog" rampant purpure and in chief a coronet Or.

This is returned for redraw. The tertiary appears to be a lion, not a dog. Charges in a submission must be identifiable, per RfS VIII.3. We would have changed the blazon, except that it is obvious that the submitter prefers to have a dog. If she resubmits with the dog identifiable as such, as in her current device, it should be acceptable.

Guilheumes de Garrigis. Device. Argent, an oak tree eradicated proper and on a chief gules three crosses of Toulouse Or.

This device is returned for conflcit.

The tree is drawn in a highly stylized manner that many did not recognize as an oak tree. However, such highly stylized trees are found in period armory. Gwenllian ferch Maredudd writes:

I took a look at the emblazon on the An Tir website, and I would say it is within the range of stylized depictions of oak trees found in period Germanic armory. The entertwined branches are a little odd; most such depictions have a more "candelabra" effect (as Parker notes). Nonetheless, I can't see this depiction as unrecognizable or as more than, at most, a step from period practice. ...

Such stylization is unusual for Anglo-Norman armory but not for Germanic armory, in which many types of flora are depicted in very stylized ways. I have, for example, seen linden trees, oak trees, and rose bushes drawn in ways similar to a crequier.

Walter Leonhard's Der Grosse Buch der Wappenkunst, p. 248, fig. 7, shows a stylized oak tree that looks something like a crequier albeit with only 5 branches. Leonhard says it is an "older depiction." The surrounding pages also show many very stylized trees and plants.

As Wreath, Dame Gwenllian ruled "the crequier is simply a stylization of a wild cherry tree (see Woodward, p. 318, along with Plate XXIX fig. 4 and p. 344 fig. 72 for a discussion). While it is a particular stylization, it falls within the expected range of depiction for trees in general. There is no reason to treat it differently from other trees, so it is not significantly different from a generic tree.

Given the information provided by Dame Gwenllian, this depiction of an oak tree is registerable. However, it conflicts with Rosamund du Grasse, Argent, a willow tree blasted and eradicated, on a chief gules two geese close respectant argent. There is not a CD for changes to the tree, leaving a single CD for changes to the tertiary charges on the chief.

Owain Mawr. Name.

Conflict with Evan Mawr, registered August 1982. Both given names are Welsh forms of the name John, and, in Welsh, are pronounced identically.

Renard le Fox de Berwyk. Device. Per bend sable and argent, two fox's heads erased argent and another sable.

This is returned for conflict with Batu Chinua, Per chevron sable and argent, two wolf's heads erased and a rose counterchanged. There is a CD for changes to the field. There is no difference between a wolf's head and a fox's head. Nor is there a CD for changing one of the charges (the rose) to a fox's head. As the charges are not arranged two and one, the precedent allowing a CD for changing the base-most charge does not apply. Nor does the precedent granting a CD for two changes to the charges on one side of a line of division apply - as explained under the heading Group Theory in the November 1995 Cover Letter - as only the type has changed (from an argent rose to an argent fox's head).

Uilliam mac Ailéne mhic Seamuis. Household name Domus Insulae Magnae.

While the words Domus Insulae Magnae means "House of the Big Island", no documentation was submitted nor any presented by the commenters to suggest how this name follows patterns of names for organized groups of people. This is a requirement for a household name. Barring documentation for this construction, as well as having the name in Latin rather than in the vernacular, this name cannot be registered.

ANSTEORRA

Dougal del Keire. Name.

Aural conflict with Dugald Kerr, registered January 1995. Although the article does add an unstressed syllable, it does not significantly alter the sound. This is parallel to the conflict between Forster and le Forester:

This name is being returned for conflict with William Forster (1819-1886) who was an English statesman and chief secretary for Ireland. As he has his own entry in the online Encyclopedia Britannica, he is protected. There was a question whether the addition of the syllable in the middle of the byname was sufficient to clear the conflict in conjunction with the addition of le. In this case, the auditory difference between Forster and Forestier is not significant enough to clear the conflict. As such, even with the addition of le, these names conflict. [William le Forestier, 10/01, R-Æthelmearc]

In this case, both Kerr and Keire may be pronounced \KAHR\. While the two names do not share a common origin, they do share identical variant spellings, further strengthening the aural conflict.

His device was registered under the holding name Dougal of Wiesenfeuer.

ARTEMISIA

Tryggvi trolli. Device. Argent, in pale a raven displayed, head facing sinister, and a crescent sable, two hurts beneath the raven's wings.

This is returned in accordance with the Rules for Submission, VII.7.b - Reconstruction Requirement. We were unable to derive a blazon that would adequately reproduce the emblazon due to the relative sizes of the charges and the placement of the hurts.

Windegate, Shire of. Device. Per fess azure and Or, in chief a zephyr contourny issuant from the line of division argent and in base three laurel wreaths in fess sable.

This is returned for redraw of the wind. The zephyr's breath is barely visible. We recommend on resubmission that the zephyr not issue from the line of division in order to enhance its identifiabilty. Also, the zephy should be moved more towards the center of the shield, as befits a primary charge. Currently the zephyr is almost at the dexter edge of the shield, making for a very unbalanced design.

ATENVELDT

Magnus av Nordensköld. Device. Vert, on a bend sinister between a double-turreted tower and two herring in pale, that in base inverted contourny, argent, four cauldrons palewise sable.

This is returned for the use of an inverted, animate charge - the herring in base.

ATLANTIA

Ainbthen ingen Séigíne. Device. Argent, in pale three crosses of Saint Bridget vert.

This is returned for a redraw. While a cross of Saint Bridget is an acceptable charge, this particular emblazon is not identifiable as a cross of Saint Bridget. Adding the center detail and the straw markings would improve the identifiability of the charge.

Gwilim Kynith. Name.

Conflict with Gwillim Kynith, registered November 2004. The only difference here is the single and the double l found in the given names.

Renate de la Beche. Device. Per bend engrailed azure and Or, a sun and an escallop inverted counterchanged.

This is returned for a redraw -- fourteen engrailings is too many "cups". Drawing so many engrailings forces them to be too small to be identified from a distance. Please inform the submitter to draw fewer and deeper engrailings.

CAID

Caillin O'Neill. Name.

Aural conflict with Cullen O'Neill, registered November 1994. The given names differ only in the pronunciation of the vowel sound in the first syllable, and even there the sounds are negligibly different. We do not believe that this name conflicts with Killian O'Neal, registered July 1988. Although the names are similar in appearance, Killian is pronounced with three syllables, while Caillin has only two.

Catlyn Kinnesswood. Device. Purpure, a cross moline disjointed argent.

This is returned for conflict with Rafael Diego de Burgos' badge, Purpure, on a cross moline argent a cross couped purpure and in base two bars wavy argent. A cross moline disjointed can also be blazoned as a cross moline charged with a cross throughout. Thus the comparison in this case is between a cross throughout purpure and a cross couped purpure. There is not a CD for changes to the tertiary since there is not a substantial difference between the crosses. This means that the sole CD between Catlyn's device and Rafael's badge is the CD for removing the bars.

This is clear of Celestria of Celtenhomme, Purpure, a cross crescenty argent; there is a substantial (X.2) difference between a cross crescenty and a cross moline disjointed.

Eleanor de Venoix. Device. Per fess purpure and azure, a hind at gaze Or between three mullets of eight points argent.

This conflicts with the Kingdom of Lochac's badge, Gules, a hind courant Or between three mullets of six points argent. There is a CD for changes to the field. There is nothing for the difference in the number of points of the mullets. By precedent, there is no difference between courant and statant (q.v., Alexandra Scott de Northumberland, R-Atlantia, 09/2003).

Hélène de Lyon. Device. Gules, a key palewise wards to base argent.

Unfortunately this nice device conflicts with the arms for the city of Bremen, Gules, a key bendwise wards to chief argent, protected on this letter. There is a single CD for the orientation of the key.

Magnus Mac Cormac. Name and device. Per chevron sable and gules, a pair of hands inverted in chevron and a human eye Or.

The byname has two problems, one grammatical and one in pattern. First, the patronymic is in the nominative case rather than the required genitive case. Second, in true surnames in Gaelic (characterized by a capitalization of the patronymic marker), there is no space between the marker and the patronymic. We would register the name was Magnus MacCormaic or Magnus mac Cormaic, but the submitter will accept no changes.

Since the submitter will not allow the creation of a holding name, we must return the armory.

CALONTIR

Cécille Cerise of Cherybeare. Device. Or, a cherry double slipped, each slip leaved proper.

This is returned for conflict with the badge of Da'ud ibn Auda, (Fieldless) An apple gules slipped and leaved proper. There is one CD for fieldlessness, but no more.

The cherry does appear to be a period heraldic charge: Parker, p.104, cites the example of Cheriton, Bishop of Bangor 1436-37: ... on a chevron between three martlets ... as many cherries stalked; in chief three annulets... (The ellipses are because we don't know tinctures; presumably this is a stone carving or other tinctureless rendition.) The only reason we know they're cherries is from the cant.

On the other hand, Fox-Davies (Complete Guide to Heraldry, p.209) says that "Papworth mentions in the arms of Messarney an instance of cherries. Elsewhere, however, the charges on the shield of this family are termed apples." This is confirmed by looking in Papworth, p.428, at the arms of Messarney: Or, a chevron per pale gules and vert between three (apples) cherries of the second slipped as the third. The two different blazons, apples vs. cherries, are found in different editions of Glover's Ordinary. It would appear that even period heralds had difficulty telling the two charges apart. As the charges were not distinct in period, we grant no difference between an apple and a cherry, and this conflicts with Da'ud's badge as cited above.

Dessa Demidova Zabolotskaia. Device. Per chevron purpure and Or, two suns Or and a rose purpure barbed and seeded argent.

This conflicts with Xenia Dimitrievna Morózova, Per chevron throughout purpure and Or, three compass-stars counterchanged. There is no difference in comparing per chevron to per chevron throughout, nor is there any difference between a compass-star and a sun. Thus, as the charges are arranged two and one, there is a single CD for changing the basemost compass star to a rose.

Hamr grar Úlfr. Name.

This name has several problems. First, it is unlikely that Hamr is actually a given name. The only undisputed example we have of this name is from Hrólfs saga kraka ok kappa hans, where it is one of a pair of names assumed by two young brothers in hiding so they won't be killed; the adopted names are Hrani and Hamr. Now, Hrani is found as a given name, but it is also a word meaning "a blusterer". The word hamr means skin or cover, and is particularly connected to legends of skin-changers or shape-shifters. As such it is a perfect descriptive nickname or disguise name for a young boy in hiding to adopt. However, this makes it much less likely to be a reasonable given name. All other citations found were for placename etymologies where equally likely alternative etymologies were also given (either the place is derived from a different name, or the word "hamr" in the name is descriptive). Unless Hamr can be found in a non-allegorical sense used for a regular human being, it cannot be registered.

The bynames were intended to mean "gray wolf". For a properly formed byname, there should not be a space between the two elements. Argent Snail notes: "Lind's book on bynames has several bynames starting with grá- like grábarði (greybeard) and grátoppr (greytop, greyhair). Thus a byname meaning 'greywolf' would probably be written 'gráúlfr', as one word, not two." However, no examples of Old Norse bynames of the form color+animal have been found; by precedent they are not registerable:

[Kristin Hvithestr]. Lacking solid evidence of a clear pattern of descriptive bynames of the form [color] + [animal] in Old Norse, there is no support for the submitted Hvithestr as a plausible descriptive byname in Old Norse. (West, Dec 2003)

Because the submitter cares most about the meaning "Hamr Gray Wolf", and because we cannot construct a name with the submitter's desired meaning, we are returning this. However, if the submitter is interested in a name with a similar sound, we suggest Hamundr grai Úlfsson or Hamall grai Úlfsson. These names means "Hamundr/Hamall the gray, son of Úlfr". Both Hamundr and Hamall are found in Haraldson, The Old Norse Name, and are names from the Landnamabok, so either of these would be a reasonable Old Norse name.

Juliana de Léon. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy sable and checky gules and argent, on a thimble argent a Celtic cross gules.

Aural conflict with Julienne de Léon, the bynames are identical, and the only difference in the pronunciation of the given names is the a possible J to Y first sounds and the vowel in the unstressed final syllable.

The device is returned for redraw. The thimble is not recognizable as such; the most common guess for this charge was a tombstone. Charges must be identifiable from their appearance, per RfS VIII.3.

On resubmission, please make sure that the mini-emblazon matches the large, colored emblazon.

DRACHENWALD

Anna von Silvenhain. Name.

The locative byname does not appear to follow patterns found in German placenames. No examples were found of placenames using the element silve (a measure of cut wood). The submitter provided ample documentation for the deuterotheme -hain, meaning "small wood or copse", as well as examples of this element used in placenames. The examples, Langenhahn "long wood", Ziegenhahn "goat wood", Dautenhahn (probably from a personal name), Falkenhahn/Falkenhain ""falcon wood", Neuenhahn/Neuenhain "new wood"; these are all fairly familiar patterns for placenames describing owners, animals, new/old, and the topography of the place. However, no examples were found that followed the pattern quantity of wood + small wood. Bahlow/Gentry, German Names s.n. Sill, lists a Sillen derived from Sil-heim; Bahlow crossreferences the protheme to Siel, which he defines as "moist dirt". Siel appears in a range of placenames in this entry, Sielholz, Sielbeck, Sielfeldt, but all are undated. There is a village called Silheim found in a transcription of court documents of the regional court of Neu Ulm dated 1501 (http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/GGF/Landgesch/neuulm/volltext.htm). We would change the byname to this form, but the submitter will not allow changes.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Anna of Two Seas.

EALDORMERE

Bethóc ingen Mael Féchín Fynletyr. Device. Argent, three bars wavy, overall on a pale azure a sea-unicorn argent.

This conflicts with Johann Mathern, Bendy sinister argent and gules, on a pale azure a unicorn rampant argent. There is a CD for changes to the field as a field with three or more bars is equivalent to a barry field. RfS X.4.j.ii requires a substantial (X.2) difference in charges in order to gain a CD for changing the type only of the tertiary. There is only a significant difference (CD), not a substantial (X.2) difference, between a sea-unicorn and a unicorn.

Please advise the submitter that if she desires a barry field, that the argent and azure traits should be the same width and there should be an equal number of each argent and azure trait.

Deredere of Aberdeen. Device. Per pale engrailed vert and argent, a shepherd's crook and a fish haurient embowed counterchanged.

This is returned for a redraw - thirteen engrailings is too many "cups". Drawing so many engrailings forces them to be too small to be identified from a distance. The nine engrailings on the mini-emblazon were borderline; the large emblazon has more and shallower engrailings, enough so that it is cause for return.

Falgerðr bumbari hoensaskjald. Name.

While the overall formation of this name is consistent with Old Norse naming practices, none of the individual parts are registerable. Neither of the bynames follow patterns found in Old Norse or Icelandic naming practices, and the given name is, as far as can be determined, a scribal error introduced into the Landnamabok that did not find distribution into the general naming pool. The paragraphs below explain further.

The proposed occupational byname, bumbari, is grammatically incorrect. Bumba is only documented as a noun; no documentation is given and none found to suggest that the Old Icelandic noun bumba "drum" also served as the verb "to drum". The -ari endings are used to turn verbs into agent-nouns; they are not used with nouns. Barring evidence that bumba is also a verb with an appropriate meaning, bumbari is not an occupational byname and cannot be registered.

The submitter has not documented the pattern bird/animal+shield or even the more general pattern object+shield as a pattern found in Old Norse bynames. We have one undisputed Old Norse example of the pattern color+shield, Rauðumskjôldr meaning "red shield" from Lindorm Eriksson, "The Bynames of the Viking Age Runic Inscriptions." However, this is unlikely to be a simple descriptive byname for someone who owns a red shield. According to Cleasby Vigfusson, s.n.SKJÖLDR, "A shield was raised as a signal in time of war; a red shield betokened war (rauðr skjöldr, her-skjöldr), a white shield peace (hvítr skjöldr, friðar-skjöldr, a peace-shield); in a battle the red shield was hoisted, Hkv. I. 33; but, bregða upp friðar skildi, to hoist the (white) shield of peace, was a sign that the battle was to cease..." The submitter provides a record of an email conversation with four examples of Scandinavian bynames that are probably on heraldry that are "post viking era". Such documentation tells us very little that is useful for registration purposes -- neither the language of these names, or when they are found, or the source where they were found was included. This information must accompany supporting documentation for constructed bynames. Because the submitter has not demontrated the pattern bird/animal+shield in Old Norse naming practices, this name cannot be registered.

Finally, the given name Falgerðr is, according to Lind, Norsk-Islänska Dopnamn och Fingerade Namn Från Medeltiden s.n. Salgerðr, "skriven g. Salgerdar, LN 43, 167, men felakt. Falgerdar Ln 241." (written in the genitive as Salgerdar, Landnambok 43, 167, but wrongly as Falgerdar in Landnamabok 241."). This scribal error may not appear in every copy of the Landnamabok, or modern transcribers may just make the correct; it is not found, for example, in the excellent transcription at "Netútgáfan (http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm). Nor does it seem to have come into use as a name variant of Salgerðr. If the submitter is interested in resubmitting, we suggest the form Salgerðr.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Amanda of Ben Dunfirth.

Mateo de Merida. Device. Per pale "wavy" vert and argent, a sword inverted argent and a winged frog sejant erect affronty gules.

This is returned for redraw. The line of division needs more waves - at least twice the number currently shown. The current emblazon is not quite embowed-counter-embowed. The frog is neither sejant nor sejant erect nor in fact, in any blazonable posture. The wings should come out of the frog's back not its head. We are not sure that a winged frog can be redrawn in a recognizable affronty posture as the overlap between its parts may well remove the identifiability of the charge's outline.

Mateo de Merida. Badge. Argent, a winged frog sejant erect affronty gules, a bordure vert.

This is returned for redraw. The frog is neither sejant nor sejant erect nor in fact, in any blazonable posture. The wings should come out of the frog's back not its head. We are not sure that a winged frog can be redrawn in a recognizable affronty posture as the overlap between its parts may well remove the identifiability of the charge's outline.

MERIDIES

Ceidrych the Traveler. Name.

The name Ceidrych was not documented as a name used by humans in period. Although Gruffudd, Welsh Names for Children notes that it "could be a form of Caradog", he only notes its actual use as a river name. As river names are not uncommon as modern Welsh given names, this seems the more likely derivation. Barring documentation that this form was used by humans in period, it is not registerable. Nor is the form Caradog the Traveller registerable; this name is two steps from period practice. First, it uses an SCA compatible byname, the Traveller. Second, there is a more than 300 year gap between the 1st century date for Caradog and the earliest possible date for a potentially Middle English byname. Morgan and Morgan, Welsh Surnames, note the form Cradog in period. We would change this to Cradog the Traveler, but this significantly changes the appearance of the name, and the submitter will not accept major changes.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Gary of Vulpine Reach.

Cormac Maol Mac Michil. Name.

No evidence was provided to suggest that the surname Mac Michil is found in period. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames s.n. MacMichil, the source used to document this name originally says "...not an old surname in Ireland, unless short for Mac Giolla Mhichil, which is not improbable." None of the commenters were able to find such a shortened form in any of the Irish annals, nor was any other period source for this name discovered. Barring evidence for this name in period, we have to believe Woulfe when he says that it is not old. Therefore, it is not a registerable Gaelic surname. While there are abbreviated Scots forms, changing to one of these forms would be a change of language; the submitter will not accept major changes such as language changes.

If the submitter is interested in a Scots form, Black, Surnames of Scotland has Makmychell in 1507 and McMichell in 1527. However, it is not uncommon when anglicizing a name to drop soft consonants or syllables that are actually included when the name is written in Gaelic. If the submitter wishes to anglicize the name, then a form of McMichell is certainly registerable; however, it would still represent the full Mac Giolla Mhichil and not a shortened form.

Heather of Newcastle. Name change from Felicia Heather of Newcastle.

As submitted, this name does not contain a given name documented to period. Heather is not found as a given name until the 19th C. The submitter argued that Heather might be a spelling variant of the Old English Heahburh, and requests that this name be used if Heather was not registerable. No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that words spelling with a b were ever spelled with a th instead in Old, Middle or modern English. Therefore, Heather is not a reasonable variant of Heahburh in any form of English.

Unfortunately, the submitter's alternate form, Heahburh of Newcastle is two steps from period practice. First, it mixes Old and Middle English. Second, there is a more than 300 year gap for the latest dated we have for the given name (which mid-8th C) and the dates for Newcastle, which even in the Latin form Novum Castellum are post-conquest (after 1066).

Troll Fen, Shire of. Badge. (Fieldless) A cypress tree blasted trailing moss from its branches argent.

This is returned for a redraw. The cypress tree blasted is not recognizable as such and does not match the depiction in the shire's arms. In order to register a badge with a cypress tree blasted, the shire will need to use the same tree as appears on their arms, thereby allowing it to be registered via the grandfather clause.

MIDDLE

None.

TRIMARIS

Angus Armstrong. Device. Per bend Or and sable, a lute azure and a sea-dog rampant argent.

This is returned for redraw. One of the defining features of a sea-dog is its tail. This sea-dog has a tail like a normal dog, not a beaver's tail as expected.

Marcaster, Shire of. Device. Azure, a castle within a laurel wreath Or, a tierce wavy paly wavy azure and argent.

This is returned for redraw. The tierce needs deeper, more pronounced waves. We recommend using an even number of traits.

The petition noted that the emblazon was included; it wasn't. However, as the blazon was included, the petition is acceptable.

Marcaster, Shire of. Badge. Azure, a castle Or, a tierce paly wavy azure and argent.

This is returned for redraw. The tierce needs deeper, more pronounced waves. We recommend using an even number of traits.

Simon Maurus. Name.

This name is too close in sound to Simon de Mares, registered April 2002. Although the article does add an unstressed syllable, it does not significantly alter the sound. This is parallel to the conflict between Forster and le Forester:

This name is being returned for conflict with William Forster (1819-1886) who was an English statesman and chief secretary for Ireland. As he has his own entry in the online Encyclopedia Britannica, he is protected. There was a question whether the addition of the syllable in the middle of the byname was sufficient to clear the conflict in conjunction with the addition of le. In this case, the auditory difference between Forster and Forestier is not significant enough to clear the conflict. As such, even with the addition of le, these names conflict. [William le Forestier, 10/01, R-Æthelmearc]

His armory was registered under the holding name Simon of Oldenfeld.

WEST

None.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE May 2006 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

CAID

Thomas Whitehart. Device. Azure, in pall a stag courant argent between three harps Or.

Blazoned on the LoI as Azure, a stag courant argent between three harps Or, the four charges are co-primary. We have pended this submission to allow the College to research for possible conflicts based on the proper visual weight of the charges.

This does not conflict with Megan Rhys, Azure, a Pegasus statant argent between three harps Or. Megan's pegasus is clearly a primary charge between three secondary harps.

This was item 50 on the Caid letter of June 24, 2005.

TRIMARIS

Melodia de Okhurste. Device. Per bend Or and argent, a tree blasted and eradicated azure.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per bend argent and Or, a tree blasted and eradicated azure, the field is actually Per bend Or and argent. This is pended to allow commenters to check under the correct tinctures.

This was item 7 on the Trimaris letter of June 30, 2005.

- Explicit -