THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Æthelmearc, Kingdom of. Badge. Argent, on a chevron engrailed gules between three cauldrons sable five escarbuncles argent.

Submitted as a badge for The Most Worshipful Company of Æthelmearc Cooks and Bakers, as that name is neither registered nor a generic identifier we are unable to make this association. Recent precedent states:

Which gets us to the main question -- is Worshipful Company of X, where X is a generic descriptive element a generic identifier? The January 1993 coverletter [sic] had this to say on the subject "A better term might be "job-description": a simple declaration of the intended use of the badge...So long as the badge is associated with a purely functional name, it's [the name] neither checked for conflict during submission or protected from conflict afterwards." The addition of the adjective Worshipful lifts this out of the realm of purely functional, even through the adjective is part of the designator and not part of the descriptive element. [Lochac, Kingdom of, A-Lochac, 08/2004]

Aíbell ingen Diarmata. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Ardan Scot. Name.

This name does not conflict with Art the Scot. The question was raised whether Ardan was a variant spelling for Artan, which is itself a diminutive of the Gaelic given name Art. We believe that it is not. For one, the name Ardan appears as the name of one of the three brothers who travel with Deirdre in her tale in various versions of this story on the CELT site (http://www.ucc.ie/celt), but no version of the tale on this site uses the name Artan for this character. In addition, we have found no examples of a name spelled Artan in one annal that is spelled Ardan in other annals. While it is possible that these two names are related, at this point, there is enough doubt that we feel that the names Art and Ardan should not conflict.

Grímólfr Ormulfsson. Name and device. Argent, on a chevron azure between three wolf's heads erased gules three annulets argent.

Hrefna Úlfvarinsdóttir. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, in fess an increscent, a crescent, and a decrescent counterchanged.

Siobhan of Misty Highlands. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a griffin dormant between three barrels argent.

Submitted under the name Siobhan Challánach.

AN TIR

Aleyne Edwinson. Device. Argent, an alant's head erased gules within a bordure counter-ermine.

The dog's head was blazoned as an alan's head on the LoI. Parker, p. 205 (s.v. dog) cites the alant or aland as "a mastiff with short ears." Franklyn & Tanner, p. 108 (again s.v. dog) agree with Parker: "The 'alant' (mastiff or wolf-hound)... is always represented with pricked ears." They also cite aland and alaunt as alternative spellings on p. 6. All the heraldry texts that mention the breed add a final consonant to its name; we will do the same. The alternate spelling still maintains the cant.

Arkill MacMillan. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Per bend sinister sable and gules, a triquetra inverted argent within an orle argent.

The width of the orle and the triquetra is barely acceptable; both should be drawn wider. Please advise the submitter that the interlacing of the triquetra should be shown.

Diego Ramirez de Salamanca. Name change from Grimon de Beaujolais (see RETURNS for device change).

His old name, Grimon de Beaujolais, is released.

Diego Ramirez de Salamanca. Release of alternate name Grímr inn svarti.

Eilin Írska. Name and device. Argent, a bat-winged stag rampant sable within a bordure rayonny gules.

Esperanza de Castilla. Name.

Frozen Mountain, Shire of. Badge. (Fieldless) Three fish fretted in triangle gules.

This arrangement of fish is found in Guillim's Display of Heraldrie, p.240: "He beareth, Azure, three Trouts Fretted in Triangle, Teste a la Queue, Argent, by the name of Trowtebeck. We vse these words Teste a la Queue, in Blazon, to signifie the manner of their Fretting." Teste a la Queue translates to Head to Tail, which we feel is not needed in SCA blazon. We advise the submitter that drawing the fish more like those in Guillim, i.e. with the head and tails less obscured by the body of the adjacent fish, will aid in their identification.

Galen MacLean. Name and device. Per fess rayonny argent and gules, a Maltese cross and an anvil reversed counterchanged.

Godric ap Rhys. Household name Company of Saint Ulrich and badge. Quarterly Or and sable, four Maltese crosses counterchanged.

Nice badge.

Gosfrei Kempe. Name.

Submitted as Geoffrey Kempe, the submitter requested a name authentic for Norman/English in the 11th C. According to Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Kempe, says that this surname derives from the Old English cempa, 'warrior'. In the 11th C, within 40 years of the Norman conquest, we would it expect it to be more likely that, with an English surname, we would find an English form of the given name. The Academy of Saint Gabriel letter number 2989 (www.s-gabriel.org/2989) notes the following forms of this name in Old English records:

Examples of <Gosfrid> that we found in Old English records from the 11th and 12th centuries include <Gosfrið> 1087 and sometime between 1090 and 1115, <Gosfrei> 1096, <Goisfri> 1114, and <Gosfreið> 1127. [3,6]

[3] Forssner, Thorvald, Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England in Old and Middle English Times (Uppsala: K.W. Appelbergs Boktryckeri, 1916). s.n. Gosfrid

[6] Clark, Cecily "The Liber Vitae of Thorney Abbey and its 'Catchment Area'" (in Jackson, 321-38 [9]), p. 345.

We have changed the name to Gosfrei Kempe to comply with the submitter's request for authenticity. We note that the standard Old French form of the given name Geffrei would also be registerable in this name and would be a reasonable but slightly less likely 11th C name in England. In addition, the originally submitted name, Geoffrey Kempe is registerable but is not authentic for the time specified by the submitter.

Jonet de Laundells. Name.

Lorenza Ricci della Luna. Name and device. Or, on a bend purpure between a hedgehog and a garb sable, three bees Or.

Nice name!

Mairghread Murdoch. Name.

Submitted as Mairghead Murdoch, the spelling Mairghead is a header form in Black, The Surnames of Scotland, who says only that is it "the Gaelic for Margaret". Unless Black specifies that a header form is found in period, we must assume that it is a modern spelling. He gives period forms for this name: "The spelling Marghred occurs in the Book of Clanranald (Rel. Celt., I, p. 158), and Macfarlane (BB., p 150) gives it as Mairghread." We have changed the name to Mairghread Murdoch in order to register it.

Margaret Hamilton of Stirlingshire. Name and device. Gules, a dog rampant Or collared gules and on a chief Or three thistles purpure slipped and leaved vert.

Blazoned as a dog, as drawn it appears to be a boarhound. This raised the question as to whether there's a default breed of dog in heraldry. There is not: we have ample period examples of dogs blazoned curs, hounds, etc., without specifying exact breeds. Certainly the floppy-eared hound usually blazoned a talbot is very common in period armory - the submitter should be aware that her dog can legitimately be drawn as a talbot - but neither it nor any other breed of dog is the default, so far as we can tell.

Robert Makcalpyn. Name and device. Or, a bear's head erased gules, a bordure dovetailed vert.

Originally submitted as Robert McCellán, the name was changed at kingdom to Robert Makcalpyn to make it registerable. The submitter indicated that he would not accept major changes, and the change at kingdom changed the language of the name element. No indication was made on the forms or the LoI that the submitter had been contacted or approved these changes. However, consultation with the submitter revealed that the changes had been made with his approval; therefore, we are able to register this name.

Submissions heralds: you must honor the expressed intentions of a submitter, even if this means returning a name. If you consult with a submitter and make a change with their approval that is contrary to the checkmarks on the form, then you must note this on the LoI. Making a change contrary to the wishes expressed on the form can get a name returned.

Rose Campbell. Name and device. Argent, three winged pigs statant gules and on a chief vert a swan naiant Or.

Saint Bunstable, College of. Branch name correction from St. Bunstable, College of.

The old name, College of St. Bunstable, is released.

Sarra de Glen. Name.

Shamir ibn Abd al-Rahman. Name and device. Argent, a crescent gules and on a chief nebuly sable in fess a scimitar inverted reversed and a scimitar argent.

The scimitars are fesswise, as expected for long charges on a chief. Concerning the default orientation of charges on ordinaries, Laurel has previously noted:

[on a chief gules three recorders palewise argent] Long thin charges such as arrows, swords and recorders default to the fesswise posture when placed on a chief or a fess. Thus, even though all these charges are palewise by default when on the field, it is also necessary to blazon them as palewise when they are on a chief.

It is an incorrect oversimplification to state that "charges on an (ordinary) are oriented (ordinary)-wise by default". A crescent or fleur-de-lys charged on a fess is in its default palewise posture, not fesswise. If a saltire were charged with a cross crosslet, the cross crosslet would be in its default palewise (or crosswise) posture, not saltirewise.

A more complicated rule of thumb, but one which recreates period practice with greater accuracy, would be:

(1) Charges on a bend are bendwise by default, and charges on a bend sinister are bendwise sinister by default.

(2) Charges on any other ordinary have the same default for such a charge on the field (which is generally palewise.) This statement has the following exceptions.

(2a) "Long thin" charges such as arrows tilt to follow the ordinary on which they lie.

(2b) When charging an ordinary such as a chevron, saltire, or pall, which has some diagonal arms, the charges may all be drawn using the same default for the charge on the field. They may also be drawn with the centermost charge in the default posture but the outermost charges tilted to follow the arms of the charge. (There is a fair amount of evidence indicating that the difference between these two forms of emblazon may be purely artistic in period. However, the SCA has so far always blazoned this distinction and given corresponding difference for changing the posture of the charges.)

Once again we are reminded that while blazon is a type of technical language, the people who developed it in the Middle Ages weren't computer programmers, and the people listening to it weren't computers, so blazon also partakes of natural language. [Gunnarr skáld Þorvaldsson, 06/02, A-Ealdormere]

Shamir ibn Abd al-Rahman. Badge. Argent, a bow reversed drawn with an arrow nocked gules and a bordure sable semy of crescents points inward argent.

Taðkr ormstunga. Name.

ANSTEORRA

Arnbj{o,}rn Ulfsson. Name.

Bronwen Selwyn. Badge. (Fieldless) A fox's tail bendwise proper, the couped end to chief and bound with a ribbon vert.

Charles Ó Floinn. Device. Per fess azure and vert, a wolf passant argent and in chief three bezants.

Christien de Charlemaison. Device. Per chevron azure and gules, a chevron between three Latin crosses flory in chevron and two rapiers in saltire argent.

Dáire de Haya. Badge. Gules, on a hunting horn Or a mullet sable.

There has been some confusion in the past as to the default orientation of a hunting horn or bugle. The April 1987 LoAR says:

Frances Huntington. Name and device. Vert, three bugle horns and on a chief argent, a rose gules.

Vis-a-vis the default position for hunting horns, which Crescent feels should be bells to dexter, Woodward (p. 385) says "In Scottish Heraldry it is the invariable practice to represent the hunting-horn with the mouthpiece on the dexter side of the escucheon [sic]. In England and on the Continent, the reverse is the case." In point of fact, most standard heraldic references depict hunting horns as they are oriented here (and hence the average heraldic artist will depict the horn in this manner if no position is specified). To avoid confusion, the blazon has been modified, as have others in the past, to specify that the bell is to sinister."

The Glossary of Terms defines the default as bell to dexter, and in fact, most horns registered to date do follow this default. Bell to dexter continues to be the default orientation. There is a blazonable difference between the orientations but not a CD.

Dougal del Keir of Wiesenfeuer. Name change from holding name Dougal of Wiesenfeuer.

Herebertus Prynne. Name.

Ivo Blackhawk. Badge. Per bend gules and sable, an eagle's leg contourny erased a-la-quise argent.

Katerine Rowley. Device. Quarterly azure and Or, four spur-rowels counterchanged.

Nice device and nice cant.

Kazimierz of Loch Ruadh. Name.

This name mixes Polish and Gaelic in the same name. Ordinarily, such combinations would not be registerable. However, since Loch Ruadh is an SCA branch name, by precedent, it is generally registerable as a byname.

Louise Elizabeth Mindenhale. Badge. Vert, an escallop and a chief argent.

Margarite McBridin. Name change from Máirghréad inghean Bhrìdein.

Nice name!

Her old name, Máirghréad inghean Bhrìdein, is released.

Reneé d'Avranches. Device. Azure, two garbs in pale Or and a bordure argent.

ATENVELDT

Aurelia Chrysanthina Dalassene. Name change from Sorcha Flannagann.

Listed on the LoI as Aurelia Chyrsanthina Dalassene, both the forms and the documentation show the first family name as Chrysanthina. We have changed the name to Aurelia Chrysanthina Dalassene to match the forms and the documentation.

Her old name, Sorcha Flannagann, is retained as an alternate name.

Celestria de Braunston. Device. Per pale azure and sable, a pale between a natural dolphin haurient contourny and a Catherine wheel argent.

Charis Sabran. Device. Per pall inverted purpure, sable and argent, two hemlock blossoms argent seeded Or and a sheaf of arrows inverted purpure.

A hemlock blossom is a five-petalled flower, whose seed pods extending between each petal are its identifying characteristic. It will conflict with any other five-petalled flower, including the rose and the cinquefoil.

Ciar ingen Eógain. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Ciar inghean Eógain, the patronymic mixes the Early Modern Irish particle inghean with a Middle Irish patronymic. Such combinations are not registerable. We have changed the name to the fully Middle Irish Ciar ingen Eógain in order to register it.

Donwenna Dwn. Name and device. Per chevron gules and sable, three walnuts Or and a triskelion arrondi argent.

We note that a walnut will conflict with a roundel of the same tincture; however, even considered as roundels, no conflicts were found with this device. As noted on the September 2006 Cover Letter, when there are three charges in the upper portion of a per chevron field or above a chevron, they will be in fess by SCA default. These walnuts are in fess.

Gawayn Langknyfe. Name.

Iosif Volchkov. Name.

Livia Alexandra Severa. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Ogedai Qara. Name.

Ólchobar Mac Óengusa. Device. Sable, a harp reversed Or stringed argent and on a chief Or two swords inverted in saltire sable.

There was some question if - and how - the ornate forepillar should be blazoned. Batonvert noted: "As I recall, there was some discussion the last time this came before us, as to whether the exact artistic form of the harp needed blazoning. The best example of this form of decorated harp is, of course, the quartering of Ireland in the arms of Great Britain. The Irish harp started to be depicted with carving (a lion's head, much simpler than this) in Elizabeth's reign; got more florid with the Restoration; acquired its angel-like forepillar under Anne and the Georges; and through it all was simply blazoned a harp. What's good enough for Great Britain is good enough for us." We agree with Batonvert and have simply blazoned the primary charge a harp.

Peter Sebastian Wyrhta. Reblazon of device. Azure, a wooden-handled sword inverted proper surmounted by a drawknife inverted argent, handled of wood proper, within a bordure dovetailed argent.

This was registered in October 1988 with the blazon Azure, a wooden-handled sword inverted surmounted by a wooden-handled drawknife proper, all within a bordure dovetailed argent. The drawknife has its handles to chief, unlike the subsequently registered drawknives of Dughal MacDonnel (October 1991), Harald Warrocker (December 2005 and May 2006), and Abrahe çaragoça (Septetember 2006) -- yet all are registered simply as "drawknife". We have thus chosen to reblazon Peter's knife as "inverted". There is no proper for a drawknife, thus we have specified its tincture.

Rebecca de Estella y Mallorca. Name and device. Gules, a domestic cat couchant guardant and a chief argent.

Rebecca is the submitter's legal given name.

Nice device.

Rebecca de Estella y Mallorca. Badge. Gules, a domestic cat couchant guardant and a bordure embattled argent.

Ysabeau Bourbeau. Badge. (Fieldless) A bottle bendwise sinister argent entwined by an eel azure.

Ysabel de Rouen and Gawayn Langknyfe. Joint household name House Blade and Bone and badge. Per pale purpure and sable, in saltire a bone argent surmounting a sword Or.

ATLANTIA

Allen of Wolfhou and Blitha of Wolfhou. Joint badge. Azure semy of wolf's pawprints argent, on a fess Or an arrow reversed proper, flighted vert.

The use of pawprints is a step from period practice.

Celia of Rosedale. Badge. (Fieldless) On a rose azure a cross bottony Or.

Edward Shirebrooke. Device change. Argent, a griffin segreant to sinister azure ermined argent within a bordure sable.

His previous device, Sable, on a fess between two ostrich feathers fesswise reversed argent, an ostrich feather fesswise reversed gules , is released.

Gabriel vander Strate. Name and device. Sable, three tulip blossoms in pale and a tierce wavy argent.

Nice 16th C Flemish name!

Ginevra Isabetta del Dolce. Name.

Helwynn Ivelchild. Name.

Lucien de la Rochelle. Badge. (Fieldless) In pale a demi-sea-dog contourny Or issuant from a fountain.

Thomas Fitzcharles of Cheltenham. Name and device. Argent, a tree proper between two wolves combatant sable, charged on the foliage with a Latin cross argent.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EAST

Aeschine Kamerum de Lochabor. Name and device. Argent, a griffin segreant contourny vert and on a chief sable three crescents argent.

Annora Penrose. Name.

Arnóra Leifsdóttir. Name.

Avelon de Lunivilla. Name and device. Purpure, a zebra rampant proper and in chief three increscents Or.

Avice de Haliach. Name and device. Per bend azure and sable, six mullets of eight points and an oak tree eradicated argent.

Brianna McBain. Household name Clan McBain of Harlaw.

Submitted as Clan McBain_, this name was originally returned by the East Kingdom for being a presumptuous claim to be the head of the mundane Clan McBain, a rank that the submitter does not hold within the SCA. The submitter appealed the return to Laurel noting that she had permission from the mundane chief of the Clan McBain to use this name within the SCA. This permission misses the point of the original return. The issue is not that the name conflicts with the mundane Clan McBain, but rather that to register the name of a important historical or real-world Scottish clan to an individual within the SCA constitutes a presumptuous claim to the rank of clan chief of that clan. RfS VI is explicit: "Names may not claim status or powers the submitter does not possess...Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous." By registering the name of a major historical Scottish clan as a household name, the submitter makes a presumptuous claim to be its chief. The submitter noted that she will accept changing this household name to Clan McBain of Harlaw. By adding the locative, the issue of presumption is removed. Harlaw is not a seat of the mundane Clan McBain, nor is there an important sept known as McBain of Harlaw. We have changed the name to Clan McBain of Harlaw in order to register it. We note that the spelling McBain is grandfathered to the submitter as her registered byname.

Brianna McBain. Badge (see RETURNS for guild name). (Fieldless) In pale a falcon perched atop a sinister gloved fist fesswise reversed argent.

Cainder of Loch Suilli. Reblazon of device. Per pale ermine and sable, two natural ibexes rampant addorsed counterchanged.

Registered December 1989 with the blazon Per pale ermine and sable, two ibexes rampant addorsed counterchanged, the ibexes are natural ibexes, not heraldic ibexes. Please see the January 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on ibexes.

Ciarán mac Cionaith. Name and device. Quarterly vert and argent, four cats rampant counterchanged.

The submitter documented much of this name from pre-1200 entries from the Annals of the Four Masters. We note that while this set of annals has entries dated from very early times to the 17th C, the language used throughout is Early Modern Irish, which was in use from around 1200-1700. A listing in, say, 918, in this Annal will show a name was used at that time, but it will not show the appropriate spelling for that date. We note that this is a fully Early Modern Irish form of this name; while each individual name element may have been used before 1200, the spelling conventions used in this name are the appropriate ones for post-1200.

Constance Evyngar. Name.

Nice 16th C English name!

Derder Cambroun de Lochabor. Name and device. Per chevron argent and azure, two dragonflies sable and a natural seahorse argent.

Submitted as Deredere Cambroun de Lochabor, research done by Sharon Krossa reveals that the spelling Deredere in Black is not the nominative form of this name. The nominative form, which is the form we'd expect to register for a given name, is Derder or, rarely, Derdere. For the research showing this, see the August 2006 LoAR. We have changed the name to Derder Cambroun de Lochabor to correct the grammar.

Eadric Wiglafes sunu. Name.

Submitted as Eadric Wiglafson, the client asked for an authentic pre-Conquest name for England but accepted minor changes only. However, consultation with the submitter revealed that he would accept the patronymic Wiglafes_sunu as that was the correct Old English form. We have made this change to fulfill his request for authenticity.

Engelhardt Buchhalter. Name.

The submitter translated the surname Buchhalter in babblefish, which showed it as meaning "bookkeeper". This is, indeed, the modern German meaning of this word. However, it is not the meaning of the surname; Bahlow/Gentry, German Names, s.n. Buchhalter, translate this name as meaning "from the beech slope". Please inform the submitter.

Esperanza Razzolini d'Asolo. Household name Villa Razzolini.

Eularia Trewe. Device. Argent, two chevronels purpure and overall a crow contourny sable.

Gavan MacBane. Name and device. Per bend sable and azure, a bend bevilled between two flames argent.

Giles of Burleigh. Device. Vert, in pale three swords fesswise Or and a bordure argent semy of anvils sable.

The swords were blazoned on the LoI as argent; however they are actually Or. This appeared on OSCAR with a color emblazon and the majority of commenters (considering both those commenting in OSCAR and those commenting based on the paper LoI) noted the correct tincture of the swords. Therefore this need not be pended for additional conflict checking.

Gruffydd the Innocent. Device. Gules, a man statant to dexter maintaining a drawn bow and arrow within a bordure Or.

This device does not conflict with Migel Gneuyle de Normandie, Gules, an old man statant affronty maintaining sword and shield Or. There is a CD for adding the bordure and another for the orientation of the man.

Gwillim Kynith. Device. Or, a coney and a fox combatant within an orle gules.

Hedewigis Ockenfüßin. Name and device. Argent, a decrescent and in chief three fir trees sable.

Submitted as Hedewigis Ockenfüß_, for German descriptive bynames found in the 13th and 14th C, such as this one, a feminine or genitive ending is added to the byname. We have changed the name to Hedewigis Ockenfüßin to correct the grammar.

Hedewigis Ockenfüßin. Badge. (Fieldless) On a decrescent argent, a fir tree sable.

Helena Osterholm. Name and device. Sable semy of roses Or, a fox passant reguardant contourny argent.

Jaquelinne du Bois Blanc. Name change from Jacques du Bois Blanc.

Her old name, Jacques du Bois Blanc, is released.

Jeremiah MacCoull. Device. Sable, three pallets wavy Or, overall two winged bulls combatant argent.

Katryne Blak. Device change. Argent, a fox passant gules within a bordure per saltire sable and gules.

Her previous device, Argent, a fox rampant reguardant contourny gules within a bordure per saltire sable and gules, is released.

Kiena Stiward. Device. Argent, a horse courant and on a chief embattled azure three triquetras argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the embattlements deeper and with even spacing.

Kolbrandr húslangr. Name.

Le Fief des Dragonets, Shire of. Branch name and device. Or, on a dragon gules a laurel wreath argent within a bordure embattled vert.

There was some question whether the word Fief was used at all in French placenames, and, if it was, what sorts of patterns such names followed. Dauzat and Rostaing, Dictionnaire Étymologique des Noms de Lieux en France, s.n. Fied, date de Feodis to 1281 and Fiefes to 1247. The etymology is given as "peut être le pluriel de fief ou l'anc. fr. fieffe, propriété acquise moyennant une rente perpétuelle" ([fiefes]...the plural of fief from Old French fieffe, property secured with perpetual revenue.) While we have no examples of fief used in a compound name, one of the most common patterns for French placenames is [topographic feature] + [personal name]. We believe that this is a reasonable extrapolation for this name.

Lillia de Vaux. Name and device. Purpure, a lily and on a chief argent three pairs of rapiers inverted in saltire sable.

Submitted as Lilia de Vaux, the given name Lilia was a proposed variant of the Frankish name Lillia. No documentation was submitted and none supplied by the commenters to suggest that Lilia is a reasonable variant spelling for this name. We have changed the name to Lillia de Vaux to match the documentation. This name mixes Frankish and French; this is one step from period practice.

Magdalena Gdanska. Name and device. Per bend sinister gules and argent, an apothecary jar bendwise sinister and a cross bottony counterchanged.

The issue was raised of possible pretense due to the combination of the name and armory as Mary Magdalene was indicated in medieval religious art with an ointment jar or apothecary jar. A single reference to a saint or deity is not presumptuous. As an example, we routinely register Catherine's wheels to submitters named Catherine.

Njorbjorn Jorgesson. Reblazon of device. Azure, a saltire argent surmounted by a stone throwing hammer, head on the saltire, sable detailed Or, haft fimbriated argent.

Registered in July 1974 with the blazon Azure, on a saltire argent, a stone throwing-hammer sable, crossed and thonged Or, haft fimbriated argent, the hammer is actually an overall charge with the haft on the field.

Norcastel, Shire of. Branch name.

Osgrim Iserbit. Name and device. Or, a sword inverted gules between in chief two dragons combatant sable.

Raffaella Mascolo. Name and device. Argent, on a bend sinister gules three mullets of six points palewise Or within a bordure gules.

Rolland Ian Macpherson. Device. Per chevron azure and lozengy argent and sable, between two horses combatant a mullet of four points elongated to base argent.

As noted in the September 2006 Cover Letter, the default for three charges above a per chevron line of division is in fess. The horses and the mullet are in fess.

Sabine de Kerbriant. Name change from Sabine Kerbriant de Lanvaux.

Her old name, Sabine Kerbriant de Lanvaux, is retained as an alternate name.

Sarra the Lymner. Device. Argent, in cross four hedgehogs contourny purpure.

Scolastica la souriete. Name change from Cateline de la Mor la Souriete.

Her previous name, Cateline de la Mor la Souriete, is retained as an alternate name.

Severio Santangelo. Name.

Siobhán inghean Eoghain. Name change from Evelyn Macewan of Kynblathmund.

Her previous name, Evelyn Macewan of Kynblathmund, is released.

Svína-Kormákr Ívarsson. Device. Azure, a boar passant to sinister between three triquetras argent.

Thomas delbroc. Name and device. Sable, a cup Or and a base ermine.

This device is clear of the device of Uther vom Schwartzwald Sable, a winged chalice Or. There's a CD for addinig the base and another for removing the wings.

Tuathflaith ingen huí Chleirigh. Name.

Submitted as Tuathflaith inghean _uí Cleirigh, the submitter requested an authentic Irish name. The given name Tuathflaith is Old or Middle Irish (pre-1200), and the spelling Chleirigh is appropriate for both Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish (1200-1700). For an authentic Irish name, therefore, we would expect the entire name, including the patronymic markers to be Old or Middle Irish; however, inghean uí are Early Modern Irish forms. The appropriate Middle Irish markers are ingen huí. In addition, Irish grammar requires that the C in Cleirigh be lenited. We have changed the name to Tuathflaith ingen huí Chleirigh, a fully Middle Irish form, to correct the grammar and to fulfill her request for authenticity.

Velasco Calderon. Name and device. Argent, a key palewise wards to chief gules entwined by a serpent sable.

Viviene la chandeliere. Name and device. Purpure, a wolf rampant and in chief three fleurs-de-lys Or.

GLEANN ABHANN

Áindle Drake. Name.

Submitted as Áinle Drake, the latest example we have been able to find for this name is from the Annals of the Four Masters, which has an Ainle, mac Catháin in 914. However, the language of this Annal is Early Modern Irish (1200-1700); the language in use in 914 would be Old or Middle Irish. Barring evidence that this name continued in use into the period where Early Modern Irish was in use, it is only registerable in its Old or Middle Irish form. According to Ó Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Áindle, Áindle is the normalized Middle Irish form for this name. We have changed the name to Áindle Drake in order to register it.

This name mixes Irish and English; this is one step from period practice.

Alexander Loch of Greteness. Name.

Alexia di Napoli. Name and device. Vert, a crab and on a chief Or three mullets vert.

Submitted as Alexia di Nàpoli, the byname was documented from De Felice, Dizionario dei cognomi italiani. The accents in this work are used to show pronunciation and are not part of the normal spelling of the name. We have, therefore, changed the name to Alexia di Napoli.

Alice Peyton. Name and device. Azure, a saltire Or between four cinquefoils argent within a bordure Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the saltire a tad wider.

Anastasia Antonia Benettini. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, a frog Or and a chief wavy erminois.

Angus de Gordun. Name.

Aureliana of Seleone. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Gules, a rose slipped and leaved and a battleaxe in saltire Or.

Submitted under the name Aureliana Octavia Avita.

Avice of York. Name and device. Argent, a bend sinister gules between three pine trees couped in bend sinister vert and three lozenges in bend sinister sable.

The arrangement of the trees and lozenges has been explicitly blazoned as they are not drawn in the normal manner such that they fill the available space. Please advise the submitter that the lozenges and trees should be drawn larger.

Bakula Rykalov. Name.

Barbara of Arklow. Name and device. Purpure, a pale argent, in fess three leaves palewise counterchanged.

There was some question whether Arklow was a period spelling for this place. While the documentation provided by the submitter showed that the place existed in period, it did not show what form the name took before 1600. Ambrose Coleman and John O'Heyne, The Irish Dominicans of the Seventeenth Century, pp 26 provides several period references to this place, including the Latin forms Arclo in 1264 and Arclowe in 1285. They cite the English spellings Arclow in 1544 and Arclowe in 1547. As c-> k spelling shifts are well documented in 16th C English and Anglicized Irish, Arklow is consistent with period orthography.

Blazoned on the LoI as tea leaves, the submitter hasn't shown that tea leaves were known to period Europeans. The 1911 E. Britannica (vol.xxvi, p.476) cites the first European mention of tea as a drink in 1588; a website devoted to tea (http://www.bramahmuseum.co.uk/tea/index.htm) dates the earliest mention at 1560, in the writings of a Portuguese missionary to China, Father Jasper de Cruz. While the Portuguese knew of the drink, they "did little towards the introduction of it into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch established themselves at Bantam early in the 17th Century that these adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking and brought it into Europe." (1911 EB, op cit).

Another source, Seeds of Change: Six Plants that Transformed Mankind by Henry Hobhouse, p.117 et seq: "Tea, coffee and cocoa all arrived in London in the same year, 1652. The word 'tea' occurs in Shakespeare, and 'cha,' the Canton-Macao form, crops up in Lisbon from about 1550... The Portuguese were probably the earliest tea drinkers in Europe, since they brought it to Lisbon from about 1580 onward. They may also have been keen consumers of the Arab mint tea, which was a well-known infusion before the arrival of tea itself."

While tea was known in Portugal in late period, we must assume that such tea was exported in a "brewable" form, not necessarily in leaf form. If the submitter has evidence to show that tea leaves were known in pre-1600 Europe, of course, we'd welcome it.

Tea leaves, as emblazoned in this submission, have an oval shape. This matches the generic leaf and we have blazoned the leaves as generic leaves in order to register this armory.

Broddi rauðskeggr. Name.

Catalina Maria di Michele Baroncelli. Name and device. Or, a fleur-de-lis purpure, on a chief vert a lion passant guardant maintaining a harp Or.

Christiana Breakspear. Name.

Cormac Michelsone. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Dam'ian Tal'shanin. Name.

Submitted as Damian Tal'Shanin, the name does not use a consistent transcription system of transliteration as required by precedent. Nebuly notes:

Three points regarding this name. First, the byname is a patronymic, not a locative as stated in the LoI. Second, the byname Tal'shanin appears in Wickenden (s.n. Talshana) with a lower case s, not a capital S. Third, the given name is listed in Wickenden (s.n. Dam'ian) as either Dam'ian (with soft sign transcribed) or Damian (with [Russian b-like character -- DdL] not transcribed), but the latter seems to be a normalization error. The 1148 citation of Damian Kudenevich is also listed s.n. Kuden', where the name appears as Dem'ian Bogatyr' Kudenevich. Apparently Wickenden's source for the spelling Damian normalized the spelling.

The name should be changed to either Dam'ian Tal'shanin or Damian Talshanin for registration. Precedent requires that a name registration use a consistent system of transliteration, so either the soft sign in both the given name and the patronym should be transcribed, or the soft sign should not be transcribed in either name element.

We have changed the name to Dam'ian Tal'shanin to regularize the transcription system and to match the documentation.

Decimus filius Johannis. Name and device. Sable, a spider, on a chief Or three crescents sable.

Submitted as Decimus filius Johanni, the grammar of the patronym Johanni is incorrect. Johanni was intended to be the genitive of the Latin Johannes. However, Johannes acts as a third declension noun, whose genitive is formed by adding -is to the root. We have changed this name to Decimus filius Johannis to fix the grammar. The LoI noted that the submitter would not accept any changes, but an examination of the forms revealed that the submitter would accept minor changes.

Fatima al-Naqidah. Name and device. Sable, a frauenadler displayed perched upon a mountain and in chief three mullets Or.

Submitted as Fatimah al-Naqid, the grammar of the laqab is in the masculine form rather than the required feminine. We have changed the name to Fatimah al-Naqidah, an appropriate feminine form, in order to register it. The LoI noted that the submitter would not accept changes, but an examination of the form revealed that she accepted minor changes.

Galen de More. Name and device. Argent, in saltire a rose, slipped and leaved, and a rapier inverted sable, a tierce gules.

Grímkell úlfhéðinn. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Hákon úlfr Grímkelsson. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Hakon úlfr Grímkellsson, the name has two problems. First, the grammar of the patronymic is incorrect. According to Haraldson, The Old Norse Name, p 17, names ending in -ll change to -ls in the genitive case. Therefore, the correct patronymic form of Grímkell is Grímkelsson. In addition, the given name appears in Haraldson as Hákon. Precedent holds that Old Norse names must either use or drop accents consistently. Since the rest of the name contains several accents, we have chosen to use them consistently for registration purposes. We have changed the name to Hákon úlfr Grímkelsson to correct the grammar and spelling.

Henry of Chipeham. Name.

Hrafnólfr inn Grenski. Name and device. Argent, a fess azure between a raven sable and a wolf sejant ululant gules.

The submitter should be instructed to draw the fess wider and more evenly, with a consistent width throughout.

Jonathan de Saint-Clair. Name and device. Gules, two chevronels inverted, in chief three Latin crosses fleury Or.

There was some question whether the hyphen in Saint-Clair was found in period. While we have no examples of this particular name that use the hyphen, there are examples of other French locative bynames of that do. Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from a 1587 Tax Roll from Provins" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/provins1587.html) contains de Sainct-Phalle and de Sainct-Blaise. Given this, Sainct-Clair or Saint-Clair would not be unexpected.

Kolbeinn askasmiðr inn eyverski. Name.

There was some question about whether two descriptive bynames were registerable as part of an Old Norse name. In fact, by precedent they are. In May 2002, Gunnvörr silfrahárr provided several examples of Old Norse names combining two descriptive bynames to support the registration of Þórdís gjallandi eyverska. In response, Laurel ruled:

[A] name using two non-patronymic bynames in Old Norse is registerable so long as the bynames could reasonably be used to simultaneously describe the same person. In the case of the submitted name, the two bynames mean 'shrieking' and 'woman from the Orkney Islands'. These bynames have different meanings and could both have described the same person at the same point in her life. Therefore, this name is registerable.

In this case, the byname askasmiðr means "shipwright" while the byname inn eyverski means "man from the Orkney Islands". Since the two bynames could have described the same person at the same point in his life, the name is registerable.

Llewen Ambriere. Name.

Submitted as Llywen Ambriere, Llywen is, according to S. Baring-Gould and John Fischer The Lives of the British Saints: The Saints of Wales, Cornwall and Irish Saints, Volume 3, the name of a kinsman of Saint Cadlan "descended from Emrys Llydaw, that came with him from Brittany to Wales." As such, the name is a modern Welsh representation of an Early Welsh name. Since we have no evidence the particular name Llywen is meant to represent was used later than the Early Welsh period, it is not registerable with a French byname. The Visitation of Shropshire, Taken in the Year 1623 contains the name Llewen Vaughan in a genealogy six generations removed from 1623. Now this is not great documentation; this is only a single occurrence of this name in this document, and it may be a misspelling of LLewelin. However, it is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the name Llewen, a possible variant form of Llywen, might have been used sometime in the late 14th or 15th C. We have changed the name to Llewen Ambriere in order to register it.

Maria Kaldere. Name (see RETURNS for badge).

Submitted as Maria Elena Kalder, the submitter requested a name authentic for the 9th-12th C. She indicated that if the name needed to be changed she cared most about Romany language/culture. No documentation was submitted and none found by the commenters to suggest that any element of this name is Romany; the given names Maria and Elena were documented as Polish names, while Kalder was documented as German. However, these elements can be used to construct an authentic late 12th/early 13th C Latin documentary form of a German name. None of the commenters were able to find an example of Elena in Germany before the 14th C; in addition, names using two given names are not found in Germany in the 9th-12th C. Socin, Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch. Nach oberrheinischen Quellen des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts, p 90 lists several examples of Maria in the mid 12th C. Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Kalder, shows a Goldeboldus Kaldere in 1213. We have changed the name to Maria_Kaldere, a Latin form for a late 12th C/early 13th C German name to fulfill her request for authenticity. We note that the name Maria Elena Kalderin (where the byname is feminized in accordance with German grammar) is registerable, but it is not authentic for the requested time period.

Marisa Symmes of Berewyk. Device (see RETURNS for badge). Argent, a cross of ermine spots and a tierce azure.

Michael atte Harp. Name and device. Azure, a sword bendwise sinister between two harps reversed argent.

Miles de Warewyk. Name.

Olivia Alexandria. Name.

Owein ap Cai. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Paul the Small. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Randal de Tancresleia. Name change from Randal Tankerlay and device. Per chevron Or and azure, a compass star gules.

His old name, Randal Tankerlay, is released.

This device conflicts with the badge of Eleanor Leonard, (Tinctureless) A mullet of four points distilling a goutte; however, Eleanor has granted blanket permission to conflict if the field and/or mullet is not a solid plain tincture. As the field is divided, this permission to conflict applies.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per chevron Or and azure, a compass star elongated to base gules a potential conflict with the badge for Aurildis Peregrina, (Fieldless) A comet gules, based on the precedent:

Ysmay de Chaldon. Device. Vert, a compass star elongated to base Or between flaunches erminois. This conflicts with the device of Esme ffoulkes of Mercia (SCA), Vert, a comet palewise Or between flaunches ermine. There's a CD for the tincture of the flaunches, but nothing for comet vs. mullet elongated to base. She might consider another field tincture. (September 1993)

The comet seen in Galbraith's Papal Heraldry for Pope Innocent VII (1404-1406) appears similar to a compass star elongated to base. This is a drawing based on the only surviving period example of this pope's arms (though seriously damaged), and shows a mullet (of four or six points), attached to a tail that does not waiver in width in the entire length that has survived. Assuming this interpretation of the comet is accurate, the only distinction between the mullet elongated to base and the comet seen here is the fact that the comet's tail is wavy rather than straight.

Certainly, looking at this submission, the compass star doesn't look much at all like a comet. On the other hand, that's because it's only barely elongated to base: the base point is only slightly longer than the chief, dexter and sinister points. From tghe submitted blazon, it could equally legitimately be drawn with the base point six or eight times the length of the chief/dexter/sinister points -- and that would conflict with a comet, given the latitude we permit in drawing comets. And in fact, the compass star in the device of Ysmay de Chaldon, the submission that prompted the precedent, was elongated in just such an exaggerated fashion.

At this time we reaffirm the September 1993 precedent and declare that there is not a CD between a compass star elongated to base and a comet.

We take this opportunity to remind the College that the emblazon, not the blazon, is registered. Given the fact that the compass star in this submission isn't really elongated - and thus doesn't look like a comet - we have chosen to reblazon it simply as a compass star gules and to register it.

Roch Wölflin. Name.

Settimio d'Olivio. Badge. Gules, two lightning bolts in saltire overall a wolf's head caboshed Or.

Tomás mac Thighearnáin. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Úlfrún Grímkels kona. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Úlfrún Grímkells kona, the grammar of the byname is incorrect. According to Haraldsson, The Old Norse Name, p 17, names ending in -ll change to -ls in the genitive case. Therefore, the correct form for this byname is Grimkels kona. We have changed the name to Úlfrún Grímkels kona to correct the grammar.

William Makrobert alias Carrell. Name.

Submitted as William Carrell Makrobert_, the submitter requested a name authentic for 16th C Scottish Borders. No documentation was submitted and none found for double surnames of this form in 16th C Scotland. Precedent from 02/2003 says:

Bran MacNaughton le Hammer Submitted as Bran Hammer MacNaughton, the construction in this name seemed particularly implausible...No evidence was found that an occupational or locative byname would appear before a Mac- byname in Scots...."

Two 16th C Scottish court books, W.C. Dickinson, Court Book of the Barony of Carnwath, 1523-42 and Sheriff Court Book of Fife, 1515-22 show some examples of both Mac- names and names that follow the pattern [given] + [surname] alias [surname]. While none of the Mac- names follows this pattern, it does not seem unreasonable to apply this pattern to such names. We have changed the name to William_Makrobert alias Carrell to register it and to partially comply with the submitter's request for authenticity.

William of Glen Lyon. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Zayn al-Hakam. Name.

Originally submitted as Zayn al-Hakam, the name was changed at kingdom to Zayd al-Hakam because no documentation could be found for Zayn. However, Palimpsest notes:

<Zayn> is normally only found in the compound honorific <Zayn al-D{i-}n> "grace/ornament of the religion." However, there is a single example of it as a normal given name in al-Andalus, in my forthcoming revision of the al-Andalus article. It's from Fernando R. Mediano's "Estudio de las Fuentes del Nayl al-Ibtih{a-}j de Ah.mad B{a-}b{a-} e indice de los personajes biografiados en el" in volume 3 of the Estudios Onomastico-Biograficos de al-Andalus.

Given this documentation for Zayn as a given name, we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

LOCHAC

Angele Marie de Savingny. Name and device. Gyronny sable and Or, a cross crosslet fitchy within a bordure counterchanged.

The name Angele was documented as a French name from Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Angela. However, Withycombe is not a reliable source for non-English names; the vast majority of the non-English forms she cites are modern forms. The name was also documented as a saint's name, Saint Angela Merici, who died in 1540. However, this is an Italian saint who was not canonized until the 19th C. This is not adequate support for a French version of this name. However, Introduction à la vie dévote, Saint François de Sales ; [éd. par Dom B. Mackey] puis par [le P. Navatel] (online at http://gallica.bnf.fr), written sometime before 1622 discusses "la bienheureuse Angele de Foligny." Now, this is also an Italian saint, Angela de Foligno, a Franciscan nun in the 13th C who had visions of the Virgin Mary. She was not canonized until the late 17th C but was clearly known and venerated in France in the late 16th or early 17th C. This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the name Angele might have been used in late period France.

Elena Anthony. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Helena Anthony, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th/13th C England/France and accepted minor changes only. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Ellen, lists Elena in 1213-15. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Anthony, lists Antoyne in 1275. Elena Antoyne would be a fine 13th C form for this name. However, we feel that the change in appearance from Anthony to Antoyne is not a minor change. Therefore, we have changed the name to Elena Anthony to partially fulfill the submitter's authenticity request.

Philip de Ravenshagh. Name and device. Per chevron embattled pean and gules, in base a griffin segreant Or.

Please advise the submitter that the embattlements should be drawn deeper.

Rodry of Innilgard. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale azure and gules, a chevron ermine between three ferrets rampant to sinister argent.

Submitted under the name Rodry ap Owein.

Sancha da Sylva. Device. Counter-ermine, a dragon segreant ermine.

Stella de Ravenscar. Name and device. Per bend sable and gules, a ferret statant and a mullet argent.

The submitter requested an authentic 14th C name but accepted minor changes only. While both the elements are found in Yorkshire, the spelling Ravenscar is modern, although consistent with period spellings. However, it is not authentic for the 14th C. Watts, Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, Based on the Collections of the English Place-Name Society, s.n. Ravenscar, dates the form Rauenesere to the 14th C. We would change the name to this form to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity, but we feel that this is too large a change in appearance to be a minor change.

Thaddeus Blayney. Device. Quarterly vert and sable, a triquetra inverted interlaced with an annulet Or.

Wenefrith Everett de Calabria. Name.

There was some question whether Wenefrith was a reasonable period form for this name, since the cited documentation, Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Winifred, did not contain this spelling. "Catalogue of Archdeaconry of Nottingham Presentment Bills" (http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/mss/online/online-mss-catalogues/cats/an_presentment_bills_295-296.html) notes a Wenefrith Redforth in 1618. While it is possible that some name spellings in this document are normalized, Wenefrith is not the standard modern spelling for this name. Therefore, we believe this is the spelling found in the original document.

The submitter requested an authentic name for England/Wales but accepted only minor changes. If the submitter is interested in an authentic late 16th C/early 17th C English name, we suggest dropping the southern Italian de Calabria. However, as the submitter will not accept major changes, we are unable to make the name authentic as requested. This name combines English and Italian; this is one step from period practice.

Wulfgar jarnsiða. Name and device. Sable, on a bend sinister between two fleurs-de-lys argent three sinister gauntlets palewise sable.

The submitter requested a name authentic for 9th C Swedish and accepted minor changes. However, the Swedish language did not yet exist in the 9th C. Talan Gwynek, "A Very Brief History of the Scandinavian Languages" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/ scandinavianlang.html) notes:

This division of Common Scandinavian into Old West Scandinavian and Old East Scandinavian was established by the beginning of the Viking period around 800 C.E., though the differences between the two dialects were still quite small. After about 1000 C.E., however, the differences increased markedly, and by the time of the earliest preserved manuscripts - about 1150 C.E. in Iceland and Norway and about 1250 C.E. in Denmark and Sweden - they are quite noticeable. Different dialects within each of these two main branches also become increasingly apparent. By the 12th century we can distinguish Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian dialects within West Scandinavian, though the differences remained very minor until the 13th century. Within East Scandinavian we distinguish Old Swedish from Old Danish after 1250 or so, with major differences appearing after 1300. It is important to understand, however, that these dialect divisions did not have sharp boundaries, either geographically or linguistically. Neighboring dialects were generally quite similar, regardless of lines drawn on maps. For instance, there were significant differences between the western and eastern dialects of Old Norwegian, the latter having some characteristics in common with Old Swedish.

More troublesome, though, is the fact that Wulfgar is, according to the documentation provided by the submitter, an Old English form of this name -- specifically a spelling found in Beowulf. In the 9th C, we would expect an Old Norse form for this name. Peterson, "Nordiskt runnamnslexikon", (http://www.sofi.se/images/runor) suggests Úlfgeirr or Ulfgæirr as Old Norse forms for this name. We would change the name to one of these forms to fulfill his request for an authentic name, but the submitter will not accept major changes such as changing the language of the name element. As registered, this name mixes Old English and Old Norse; this is one step from period practice.

Ysabeau Angelline de Challon. Name change from holding name Ysabeau of Stowe on the Wowld.

MERIDIES

Antonio Alexandre Dias de Navarra. Device. Azure, a pall between a peacock in his pride argent and two Stafford knots of chain Or.

A correctly drawn Stafford knot, even of chain, does not infringe on a knight's chain.

Chinua Qadanjin. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Christian de la Rose de Acre. Name and device. Purpure, on a cross formy throughout argent, in chief a rose proper.

Submitted as Christian de la Rose of Acre, the submitter requested a name authentic for a 13th C crusader and accepted only minor changes. Albion notes:

The construction of the name, with the prepositions in different languages, is unlikely for the 13th century. The only time that I've found double locatives in English in the 13th century is in a wholly Latin context, and there I've only found two. My "Names from 13th C Northumberland" (http:// www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/english/northumberland.html) has the following:

Adam de Allebray de Novo Castro

Michael de Anegos de Scocia

This same source has a few <de la X> surnames, but none which are found also with <de Y> surnames, so I don't know whether <de la X de Y> or <de Y de la X> is more appropriate. There are examples of <X Y de Z>, e.g. <Johannes Belle de Novo Castro>, <Johannes Blake de Bradeford'>, <Ranulphus Bron de Esburth'>, and a number of others.

Based on this <Christian(us) de la Rose de Acre> just about scrapes by as being marginally plausible; <Christian(us) Rose de Acre> would be quite a bit more in keeping with the available examples.

We have changed the name to Christian de la Rose de Acre to partially fulfill his request for authenticity. Note that in this context, the name should be fully in Latin since this pattern has been found only in Latin documents. However, the submitter will not accept major changes so we cannot put the given name into Latin. As de is found in English and Anglo-Norman surnames, changing of to de is not a major change. However, a more typical 13th C name would use only a single byname. In this case, he might be known alternatively as Christian de la Rose and Christian of Acre. We note that Acre in an otherwise English name is almost certainly not a reference to the Crusader city. Bardsley, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Acre, lists this as a local English name and cites a Bartholemew de Acre in 1282.

The submitter requested a name authentic for a 13th C crusader. As this is a (marginally reasonable) 13th C English name, it is authentic for a 13th C crusader from England.

Donald Mac Neil. Device change. Per chevron Or and azure, three chalices counterchanged.

His previous device, Azure semy of mascles, a stag's head caboshed Or, is released.

Drakenmere, Shire of. Branch name (see RETURNS for device).

The shire has a letter of permission to conflict with Drachenmeer Alliance from Stephen de Huyn.

Eber mac Flainn. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Fynlay maccrimmon. Name and device. Argent, a sword inverted and winged sable.

Submitted as Fynlay mac_Crimmon, the separation by a space of the patronymic marker from the patronymic is typical of Gaelic; however, the spelling here is Scots. In Scots, it is typical to have the byname in either all lowercase or, when in mixed case, for the patronymic marker alone or both the marker and the patronymic to be capitalized. We have changed the name to Fynlay maccrimmon to make the form consistent with the language of the name.

James de Lyon of Glen Lyon. Device. Sable, a double-headed lion queue-forchy contourny maintaining a sword inverted and on a bordure embattled argent an orle of keys, wards inward, sable.

John of Crimson River. Reblazon of device. Lozengy gules and argent, a chess rook and in chief two pheons inverted sable within a bordure embattled grady Or.

This was originally registered September 1989 with the blazon Lozengy gules and argent, a rook and in chief two pheons inverted sable within a bordure embattled grady Or. The unmodified term rook is a synonym for a corbie (i.e., a crow, raven, or such); as this device uses a chess piece, it must be so blazoned.

Kassiane of Varna. Name change from holding name Kathryn of South Downs.

Magnus mac Gregor Campbell. Reblazon of device. Vert, a saltire argent and overall a natural ibex salient Or.

Registered November 2003 with the blazon Vert, a saltire argent and overall an ibex salient Or, the ibex is a natural ibex, not a heraldic ibex. Please see the January 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on ibexes.

Ruppert Kuster. Name.

MIDDLE

Ekka{d.}i G{o-}vindas{a-}ni. Name change from Elisabetta da Firenze.

Submitted as Ekkad. Go:vindasa:ni, the name was documented from Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvyn, "Women's Names from (Mostly) 16th Century Inscriptions at Tirupati (India)" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/tirupati_f.html). The author notes "The transcription of Indian languages involves several modified characters that I have rendered with the available symbols." However, in these cases, the SCA registration standard is to use Da'ud notation. The symbol d. is intended to represent a d with a dot under it; in Da'ud notation, this would be {d.} (a consonant followed by a dot represents that consonant with a dot under it). Likewise o: and a: represent a vowel with a macron; these are shown in Da'ud notation as {o-} and {a-}. We have changed the transcription to Ekka{d.} G{o-}vindas{a-}ni to match the SCA transcription standard.

Her previous name, Elisabetta da Firenze, is released.

Gaius Albius Lupus. Name.

Kenneth Muntsorell. Device. Vert, a chevron between two mullets of four points elongated to base and a pavilion, a chief embattled argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the embattlements deeper.

Kjartan Hakonar son. Name.

Léal d'Avignon. Name.

Zephaniah ha-Levi. Name and device. Or, three bars wavy and overall on a bend sinister sable three suns Or.

The submitter requested an authentic 12/13th C Jewish name. However, we have not found the name Zephaniah in use in Europe before the 16th C. The Jewish Encyclopedia, Funk and Wagnall, 1905, vol 12, p 660, has a Zephanian ben Mordecai Troki in the latter half of the 16th C. However, we have found no earlier examples. Therefore, we are unable to pronounce this name authentic.

Please advise the submitter that more and deeper waves would aid in identifiability of the bars.

OUTLANDS

Omar ibn Haroun al-Askari al-Rumi. Name.

Séamus of Dragonsspine. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per bend sinister argent and gules, a cross crosslet and a falcon belled and jessed, all counterchanged.

This device is clear of the device of Grimbaldus Bacon, Per bend sinister argent and gules, a cross formy and a mullet counterchanged. There is a substantial (X.2) difference between a cross crosslet and a cross formy. It is also clear of the device of Christopher of Canterbury, Per bend sinister argent and gules, two Bowen crosses counterchanged; there is a substantial (X.2) difference between a cross crosslet and a Bowen cross.

Submitted under the name Séamus MacDhùghaill.

Ulrik Skytte. Device. Chevronnelly and per pale gules and Or, a bull's head couped and a bear's head couped respectant within a bordure sable.

SIREN

Fitzwalter Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Fleur de Lis Herald. Release of heraldic title.

Fleur-de-Lys Herald. Release of heraldic title.

Galdare Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Griffin Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Groby Herald or Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Gryphon Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Guines Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Guisnes Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Hailes Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Hales Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Hammes Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Hampnes Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Hannes Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Harington Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Hastings Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Hembre Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Henlic Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Herbert Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Horne Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Huntingdon Herald. Release of heraldic title.

Il Faut Fair Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Il Faut Faire Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

Kildare Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

WEST

Custance Lymnour. Device. Or, a sprig of three lilies gules slipped and leaved vert and a gore sinister azure.

Esja hjaltlendingr. Device. Quarterly Or and purpure, in cross four suns counterchanged.

Griffin Garret. Device. Quarterly gules and sable, in bend two griffins Or.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Hywela Frech ferch Wyddel, Per bend sinister vert and vair, in bend two griffins segreant Or.

Jeffery of Jarrow. Device. Per chevron gules and azure, a chevron embattled counterembattled Or.

This device is clear of Auric von Regensburg's device, Per pale gules and sable, a chevron embattled Or. There is one CD for the change to the field. A chevron embattled is embattled on the upper edge only. There is a CD between a chevron embattled and a chevron embattled-counter-embattled, which is embattled on both the upper and lower edge.

Soga Ryoichi Fusamitsu. Name.

West, Kingdom of the. Reblazon of badge for the College of Bards. Purpure, a hunting horn reversed Or.

Registered in January 1973 with the blazon Purpure, a hunting horn Or, the bell of the horn is to sinister. As the default huntiing horn has its bell to dexter, this has been reblazoned to correctly specify the horn's orientation.

Wuscfrea of Copemantorp. Name.

Submitted as Uuscfrea of Copemantorp, the submitter requested an authentic 10th/11th C name. We note that Copemantorp is found in this spelling in the Domesday book, so it is a fine 11th C spelling. The question is, though, is it Old English? The language of the Domesday book is Latin, so we would not expect the English preposition of here. Furthermore, the village of Copemanthorpe is four miles southwest of York, and Ekwall derives the name from Old Scandinavian rather than Old English. However, Copemant[h]orp does seem to have been a standard Middle English form for this name, so of would be appropriate (if not authentic for an Old English name). The article from which the given name was documented, Ælfwyn æt Gyrwum, "Anglo-Saxon Names"(www.s-gabriel.org/names/aelfwyn/bede.html), gives Wuscfrea as an Old English translation of the Latin Uuscfrea. The submitter has indicated that he will accept a change to Wuscfrea of Copemantorp and prefers this form if changes must be made. We have changed the name to Wuscfrea of Copemantorp to partially fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

- Explicit littera accipendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Aíbell ingen Diarmata. Device. Or, flaunches gules and in fess three snails counterchanged.

This device is returned for a redraw. Flaunches should issue from the top corners of the shield. In the submitted emblazon, the top of the shield is nearly divided into three even parts by the intersection of these flaunches with the top of the shield.

Siobhan Challánach. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the word callanach is found in period. The word was documented from a modern Gaelic-English web dictionary. No examples of this word were found on the period materials at the CELT site (http://www.ucc.ie/celt) nor is there an entry for it in the Dictionary of the Irish Language. MacBain, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic language. s.v. callan, says "a noise, Irish callán, callóich; from English call?" This sparse etymology in a usually rich source also suggests that the word is a modern borrowing. Barring documentation that callanach is found in period, it is not registerable as a descriptive byname.

Her armory was registered under the holding name Siobhan of Misty Highlands.

AN TIR

Arkill MacMillan. Badge. (Fieldless) A triquetra inverted argent within and conjoined to an annulet argent.

This badge must be returned for visual conflict under RfS X.5. It is technically clear of Dabhaidh Orcheard's badge, (Fieldless) A triquetra within and conjoined to an annulet argent, but the lack of visual clue as to proper orientation lead to a strong likelihood of visual confusion. Please note that this is a special case; inverting a charge is generally worth a CD and in most cases also prevents visual conflict. The College is reminded that conflict calls under RfS X.5 must be made on a case-by-case basis. The visual significance of the important orientation-distinguishing parts of a charge - like the three points of the triquetra, or for that matter, the hilt and point of a sword - may be obscured by conjoining them with another charge. This is particularly the case when conjoining to an encircling charge, which doesn't have any orientation clues. While conjoining a sword within an annulet doesn't diminish the visual importance of its orientation, because a sword has a very visually clear orientation, this isn't as true of a triquetra. The diminishment of the triquetra's orientation, when conjoined within an annulet, reduces it to the point where orientation doesn't really count.

Please advise the submitter that the interlacing of the triquetra should be shown.

Diego Ramirez de Salamanca. Device change. Sable, on a chevron Or three mullets gules.

Unfortunately, this nice device conflicts with the device of Jiraud Saint Germain, Sable, on a chevron Or, three roses proper

The LoI stated that his prior device was to be released if his name change was successful, but the forms implied that his prior device was to be released only if the new device was registered. As there was not a written request to release the device regardless of the status of the armory submission, we chose to err on the side of retaining his registered armory. If he truly wishes his device released without a replacement, please have him submit a letter stating this.

Tadhg Fairbairn. Badge. (Fieldless) Three dogs courant in annulo conjoined tail to mouth Or.

This badge is returned for redraw. The depiction of the dogs' tails obscures their identity; the first impression is of a funky trefoil. We were unable to derive a blazon that would reproduce this as required by RfS VII.7.b.

ANSTEORRA

None.

ATENVELDT

Ciar ingen Eógain. Device. Per fess embattled argent and vert, a bee Or marked sable and a rose argent.

This device is returned for violating the contrast requirements of RfS VIII.2. The bee is considered metallic as it is primarily Or (in fact, about three-quarters). Thus its placement on the argent portion of the field has metal on metal and must therefore be returned.

Livia Alexandra Severa. Device. Gyronny gules and ermine, a cobra coiled and erect affronty, head to dexter, vert.

This device is returned for violating the identifiability requirements of RfS VII.7.a. As drawn, the cobra is not recognizable. The presence of internal detailing on the mini-emblazon made the cobra somewhat more identifiable in outline than in the colored emblazon.

Red Hawk noted that, when a cobra's head is turned to dexter, the hood would also turn - not remain affronty. In the submitted emblazon, the hood is affronty with the head just internal detailing. We note that the placement of the hood alone was not grounds for this return; however, it does contribute to the overall lack of identifiability.

ATLANTIA

Katharine Devereaux. Badge. Per saltire Or and sable, an ermine spot counterchanged.

This badge is returned for conflict with Daimhín Sinna's badge, (Fieldless) An ermine spot sable. Katharine's ermine spot is primarily sable, with a very small bit of Or. An ermine spot counterchanged on a per saltire field is the tincture of the dexter and sinister quarters, not the chief and base quarters. For conflict purposes, such an ermine spot is treated as a single tincture. In this case, Katharine's badge is equivalent to Per saltire Or and sable, an ermine spot sable. There is thus a single CD from Daimhín's badge, that for adding the field.

DRACHENWALD

Ho Chi. Name.

This name is too evocative of the leader of the Viet Cong, Ho Chi Minh. While the names are not in conflict, the commenters were nearly unanimous in making this connection, and many found the name introduced an intrusively modern reference. In addition, at the Pelican meeting, without reading the commentary at all, upon reading the name Ho Chi aloud, the meeting members all chimed, "Minh!"

EAST

Brianna McBain. Guild name Saint Bavon's Company of Falconry.

The name does not follow known English naming patterns for guilds (or other organized groups of people). While we have examples of [saint's name] of [designator] and [designator] of [saint's name] or [designator] of [occupation], we have no examples of [saint's name] + [designator] of [occupation]. We would register this as Saint Bavon's Company, but the submitter will not accept major changes.

Miklos Temesvari. Device. Sable, in chief a dragon couchant Or and a gore Or papellony gules.

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Caryl de Trecesson, Sable, a dragon dormant Or. There is a CD for adding the gore; however, the gore forces the dragon to move and thus there is not a CD for the position of the dragon. RfS X.4.g states "Changing the relative positions of charges in any group placed directly on the field or overall is one clear difference, provided that change is not caused by other changes in the design." Adding the gore forces the dragon to move, thus its location cannot grant CD. This overturns the precedent set in September 1990 (Christoph von dem Schwarzwald, A-Ansteorra):

[A cross, vs. a cross in chief between two gores] "There is a CVD for moving the cross to chief and another for addition of the gores" [implying that the move to chief isn't forced] (LoAR 9/90 p. 1)

Orzel Go{l/}aszewski herbu Ko{s'}cie{s'}z{a,}. Name.

As submitted, this name has no given name. RfS III.2.a says "A personal name must contain a given name and at least one byname." The name Orzel was documented from Taszycki, Witold (ed.), S{l/}ownik Staropolskich Nazw Osobowych (SSNO). Nebuly notes:

All of the citations...from the SSNO to support Orze{l/} as a given name in Polish are actually examples of its use as a byname. The 1408 citation ['Contra Andream dictum Orzel de Cracovia']...translates as "against Andreas called the eagle of Krakow." It does not mean "Orze{l/} of Krakow", and so does not support the use of Orze{l/} as a given name. The 1459 citation of Orzel Gregorium is also an instance of a nickname, merely placing the nickname in front of the given name so that it means "(the) Eagle Gregory". This pattern is quite common in Czech and occasionally shows up in Polish as well; it is analogous to Little John. I would translate the 1465 citation as "Stephen, son of (a man called) Eagle". Period Slavic cultures (as well as German) not infrequently form patronymics from the father's byname, so again we do not have evidence for the use of Orze{l/} as a given name.

In addition, no documentation was provided for the form of the second byname, and it makes a claim to bear arms that the submitter does not own. Nebuly explains:

The second byname means "of the arms of Ko{s'}ciesza". This name phrase has two obvious problems. (1) The construction is undocumented, and I can find no support for it. (2) The construction is presumptuous for explicitly claiming to bear the arms: Gules, a rogacina fourchy crossed argent (Szyma{n'}ski, p161), which are not registered to the submitter (RfS VI.1).

The submitter notes that he is most interested in the name Orzel meaning "eagle". We cannot change the name in such a way to fulfill this request; the best we can do is suggest that he use "Orzel" as a byname and pick an attested Polish given name.

GLEANN ABHANN

Aislinn Westcote. Name.

This name combines two non-period practices: it uses an SCA-compatible name (i.e. modern, but ruled acceptable for SCA use provided the name has no other problems) and it mixes Gaelic and English. We would change Aislinn to Ascelina, a similar sounding Latin name, but the submitter will not accept major changes such as changing the language of a name element.

Amata Quentin Motzhart. Badge. Checky sable and argent, in fess two ladybugs gules spotted argent, head and legs sable, a bordure gules.

This badge is returned for redraw. As drawn this appears to be two roundels rather than two ladybugs as there is no contrast between the ladybugs' heads (and at least half their legs) and the sable checks of the field. Please advise the submitter that when resubmitting this badge the bordure should be drawn wider.

Aureliana Octavia Avita. Name.

This name does not follow an attested pattern for either Roman or Byzantine women's names. If analyzed as a Roman name, the name uses the pattern [nomen] + [nomen] + [cognomen]. However, we have no evidence that Roman names used this pattern. The most common pattern for a Roman woman's name is [(father's) nomen (in the feminine form)] + [cognomen]. Likewise, for a Byzantine Greek name, we would expect a given name and a patronymic or family name. We have no examples of a Byzantine woman's name with two given names and a descriptive byname. To make this name registerable, either the first or the second name needs to be dropped; this would provide the Roman [nomen] + [cognomen] style name. However, this is a major change which the submitter will not accept.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Aureliana of Seleone.

Cormac Michelsone. Device. Per pale vert and azure, a bear's head caboshed Or between three closed scrolls palewise argent.

This is returned for a redraw. The emblazon has too pointed a head to be recognizable as a bear's head. Commenters thought that it is closest in appearance to a natural leopard's head. As we register the emblazon (picture), not the blazon (words), this is returned so that the submitter can decide whether he wishes a properly drawn bear's head or a natural leopard's head.

Dominica Maquerelle. Device. Per pale Or and argent, a phoenix gules.

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Morgan Morfydd Gwilym, Pean, a phoenix displayed gules, issuant from flames, maintaining in its beak a dexter hand couped proper. There is a CD for changes to the field. There is nothing for removing the maintained hand. Nor is there a CD for changing the tincture of half the phoenix's flames as this is only a quarter of the charge.

This does not conflict with the device for Laura Hawkwood, Ermine, on a pile Or a phoenix gules, with a complete difference in primary charges (under RfS X.2). Laurel has previously ruled:

[Barry vert and Or, on a pile sable a thunderbolt Or] This does not conflict with Huldah von Jal, Per bend sinister sable and gules, a thunderbolt Or. While we consider piles to conflict with chaussé fields, a field with a pile is not reblazonable as having chaussé field, as there is an artistic distinction that we enforce (namely that the pile does not issue from the corners of the chief). Therefore, the devices are clear by X.2.

Note that had Roiberd's device been Barry vert and Or, on a pile inverted sable a thunderbolt Or it would have been in conflict with Huldah because Roiberd's device would have had the equally valid blazon Per chevron barry vert and Or and sable, a thunderbolt Or so there would have been only a single CD for the change in the field. [Roiberd Mor Barra, 11/00, A-Drachenwald]

Grímkell úlfhéðinn. Device. Or, a pall wavy between a stag's head erased and two fish naiant respectant gules.

This device is returned for a redraw of the pall; it is too narrow and the waves are too shallow.

Hákon úlfr Grímkelsson. Device. Quarterly sable and azure, a wyvern erect, sustaining in its dexter arm a sword and in sinister its arm a spear bendwise argent.

This device is returned for violating the requirements RfS VII.1.a, which states, "three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group." This is sometimes referred to as "slot-machine heraldry". The primary charge group in this submission consists of a sword, a wyvern and a spear, which is three types of charges. Simply redrawing this with the sword and spear as maintained charges would bring the submission into conflict with the device of Moira Kellahan, Per pale azure and purpure, a wyvern erect argent; there would be a single CD for changes to the field.

James Guy of Bothwell. Alternate name James Bothwell.

This name conflicts with James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, husband to Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. He is commonly called James Bothwell in both semi-scholarly works and modern works of fiction. Mary's marriage to a man believed responsible for the murder of the queen consort, Lord Darnley, is popularly considered the act that brought about her downfall. Bothwell is both a famous historical figure and a popular character of Scottish legend; as such he is worthy of protection.

Maria Kaldere. Badge. Per pale sable and gules, on a tower argent a heart gules.

This badge is returned for conflict with Iain MacQuarrie's device, Quarterly vert and sable, on a tower argent a fret gules. There is a CD for the field. The only other difference is the change of type of tertiary from a fret to a heart. The primary charge, the tower, is not simple enough in outline to void; therefore, this device is not suitable for purposes of RfS X.4.j.ii and there is no CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charge.

Marisa Symmes of Berewyk. Badge. (Fieldless) A cross of ermine spots azure.

This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Siobhán níg Fhloinn uí Donnabháin, (Fieldless) A cross of ermine spots azure; the CD for fieldlessness is the only difference between these badges.

Owein ap Cai. Device. Gules, a bend sinister pean fimbriated argent between two annulets tenné.

This device must be returned for using tenné; we do not register the stains.

The ermine spots in this submission are not the standard ermine spots and thus raised questions as to their acceptability. They are acceptable period renditions of ermine spots.

Paul the Small. Device. Azure, a crescent and a chief potenty argent.

This device is returned for redraw. It appears that clip art was used for the submission and then scaled without maintaining the horizontal and vertical proportions. The potents should be drawn larger and deeper. The crescent should be circular, not elliptical.

Sarah MacGregor. Device. Gules, semy of shamrocks, on a pale cotised argent, a tankard sable foaming argent.

This device is returned for lack of contrast. The argent foam has no contrast with the argent pale. Though artistic details aren't as heavily bound by the Rule of Contrast, they still may not be of the same tincture as their background. Please advise the submitter to draw the shamrocks more recognizably on resubmission; drawing the slips would help.

Sárán mac Ímair. Device change. Gules, a spear argent.

Unfortunately, this nice device must be returned for conflict with the Kingdom of the Middle's badge for the Order of the White Lance, (Fieldless) A lance argent. There is one CD for the difference against a fieldless badge, but there is not a CD for the difference between a spear and a lance. The submission is clear of Armand Vozon d'Angoumois's badge, Azure, a halberd palewise argent. There is a CD for changes to the field and another CD for the difference between a spear and a halberd.

Serafino Benettini. Household name Blackehand.

Conflict with the early 20th C criminal organization in the United States, Mano Nera commonly translated as Black Hand. Also a conflict with the Ujedinjenje Ili Smrt, the Serbo-Croatian Union of Death, known in English as the Black Hand. Both organizations have articles under that header Black Hand in the online Encyclopedia Britannica (http://search.eb.com). The Black Hand from the United States is, according to the article, "any of several extortion rackets run by immigrant Sicilian and Italian gangsters in the Italian communities of New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Kansas City, and other U.S. cities from about 1890 to 1920. ". The Serbo-Croatian Black Hand is a "secret Serbian society of the early 20th century that used terrorist methods to promote the liberation of Serbs outside Serbia from Habsburg or Ottoman rule and was instrumental in planning the assassination of the Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinand (1914), precipitating the outbreak of World War I."

Also, per RfS III.2.b., "Branch names, names of orders and awards, heraldic titles, and household names must consist of a designator that identifies the type of entity and at least one descriptive element." This doesn't have a designator that identifies the type of entity. When resubmitting, please include an appropriate designator.

Thomas Willoughby. Device. Sable, on a pale vert fimbriated three roses Or.

This device is returned for conflict with that of Edward Senestre, Sable, on a pale vert fimbriated in chief a boar statant to sinister argent. There is but a single CD for the multiple changes to the tertiary charges. There is not a CD for changing the tincture of the fimbriation.

Titus Adelphus Lupus. Name.

As documentation for this name claimed that the name followed the pattern [praenomen] + [cognomen] + [agnomen]. However, no documentation was submitted and none supplied by the commenters to suggest that such a pattern was found in Roman names. Barring such documentation, names following these patterns are not registerable. To make this name registerable, we suggest adding a nomen. Names of the pattern [praemomen] + [nomen] + [cognomen] + [agnomen] are attested in Roman naming practices; adding a nomen after the praemomen in the submitted name would follow this attested pattern.

Tomás mac Thighearnáin. Device. Purpure, a legless wyvern displayed bendwise head to sinister Or and overall a Celtic cross gules.

The device is returned for problems with the emblazon. The cross is only barely overall, which has long been grounds for return, and had it been genuinely overall, there's a good chance the wyvern would have been obscured into unidentifiability. In addition, the wyvern is neither bendwise nor palewise, but in some unblazonable posture in between the two. Upon resubmission, the cross needs to be a genuine tertiary and the wyvern in a reproducibly blazonable posture (assuming, of course, no conflicts).

When resubmitting, the submitter should be aware of the device of the Barony of Dragon's Laire, Per pale gules and sable, a two-headed dragon displayed Or, grasping in dexter forepaw a laurel wreath vert and in sinister forepaw a moneybag gules.

Úlfrún Grímkels kona. Device. Or, a pall inverted wavy azure between two trefoils vert and a doe's head erased gules.

This device is returned for a redraw of the pall inverted; it is too narrow and the waves are too shallow.

William of Glen Lyon. Device. Sable, a lion dormant and in chief three caltrops Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge for Natalya de Foix, Sable, a lion couchant, its head a sun in splendour Or. There is a CD for adding the caltrops, but nothing for the details of the lion's head.

LOCHAC

Colles Ardorum, Shire of. Branch name and device. Per pale gules and Or, two dragons combatant and in base a laurel wreath counterchanged.

The name Colles Ardorum, intended to mean "hills of flame", is not a meaningful Latin placename and illustrates the problems with constructing placenames through dictionary translations. While the root word ardor does have the meaning of 'fire, flame', its most common use is to refer to the heat of passion (from whence we get the English word ardor). We have no examples of the word ardor used in Latin placenames.

So, if ardor is not the right word for the desired meaning, what would be the correct term? Metron Ariston notes:

I'd think that "Colles Ardentes" (Burning Hills) might work well and be close to their meaning. "Ardens" is the present participle from the verb ardeo which means "I burn" both literally and metaphorically.

On the other hand, there is a period instance of a place name that uses as the modifier a plural noun with the meaning "of flames" or "of fires". That is the name Terra Ignium which was given to the island now known as Terra del Fuego by Ferdinand Magellan when he discovered the island in 1520. That name and the name Insula Ignium appear in Grässe's Orbis Latinus so it is clearly not a later translation of the original term in another language.

Given these comments, we would suggest Colles Ignium as a name with the desired meaning that follows an attested pattern.

Since the name was returned, we have no choice but to return the device. Holding names cannot be formed for groups.

Elena Anthony. Device. Per fess purpure and azure, on a fess argent three decrescents purpure.

This device is returned for conflict with that of Lochlain Mac Donnabháin, Purpure, on a fess argent three decrescents vert. There is one CD for changes to the field, but nothing for changing the tincture only of the tertiary charges.

Rodry ap Owein. Name.

Aural conflict with Rhodri ap Ieuan, registered March, 2004. The given names are the same name with the same pronunciation. The bynames differ mainly in the sound of the opening vowel.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Rodry of Innilgard.

MERIDIES

Chinua Qadanjin. Device. Erminois, in pale a wolf salient sable and a heart within a bordure embattled gules.

This device is returned for a redraw. The wolf is in an unblazonable posture. It appears to be taken from Fox-Davies' Complete Guide to Heraldry, where it is labeled courant. However, this is not courant as drawn in the SCA but somewhere between courant and salient. As we grant a CD between these two postures, the device must be returned. Please advise the submitter that the embattlements should be drawn larger on resubmission.

Drakenmere, Shire of. Device. Per bend ermine and vert, a dragon passant sable and a laurel wreath argent.

This device must be returned as no petition was received.

Some commenters suggested blazoning the dragon as coward. Laurel has previously ruled:

The Letter of Intent blazoned this cat as coward. The exact disposition of the tail of an animal is a matter for artistic license in period, which would argue against using the term coward in blazon. However, the term is permissible if the submitter so requests, as long as the tail position is drawn correctly and identifiably. Coward may be blazoned when the tail is clearly tucked between the hind legs. This is not the case in this emblazon. Also, the submitter's original blazon did not use the term coward. Therefore, the term was deleted. [Muirgel ingen Gilla Comgaill, 09/01, A-Æthelmearc]

As the submitters did not request that the dragon be blazoned as coward, we have left the position of the dragon's tail as a matter for artistic license in accordance with the cited precedent.

Eber mac Flainn. Device. Argent, a chevron nebuly between three dragons vert.

This device is returned for redraw. RfS VIII.3 requires that all elements be identifiable; as the dragons are not identifiable, this must be returned. If the dragons' wings were drawn so that they didn't overlap the neck and tail - so their entire outline could be seen against the field - it would greatly aid in identifiability.

MIDDLE

None.

OUTLANDS

Angel Mac Bridghe. Name and device. Ermine, a horse rampant purpure, on a chief sable three fleurs-de-lys argent.

As submitted, this name is two steps from period practice. First, it mixes English and Gaelic. Second, it uses a Gaelic matronymic. The given name is dated to the 16th C in England, so for a temporally consistent name we would suggest a late 15th C or 16th C Scots form of MacBride or a 16th C Anglicization of the Irish mac Giollabhrighde. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MacBride, has Makilbred, Makgilbred, M'Gilbrid 1489-90, and M'Ilvreidin 1612. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. Mac Giolla Bhríghde, lists M'Gillebridy, M'Gillvrid, M'Killbridy, and M'Elvride as Anglicizations from the late 16th and early 17th C. We would change the patronymic to one of these forms, but the submitter will not accept major changes such as the change in a language. In addition, Mac Bridghe and Mac Giolla Bhrighde are significantly different in sound and appearance, so we cannot change the patronymic to an appropriate Gaelic form.

Since the submitter will not accept a holding name, we are forced to return the device.

On resubmission, please advise the submitter that the ermine spots should be drawn larger or there should be more of them.

Séamus MacDhùghaill. Name.

This name is a direct conflict with Seamus mac Dubhghaill, registered June, 2006. To clear this conflict, we recommend that the submitter add a Gaelic descriptive byname.

The spelling MacDhùghaill was documented from Black, The Surnames of Scotland. Please note that when Black documents a name as simply "Gaelic", he means that it is modern Gaelic. Unless documentation is provided showing that these spellings are found in period, they are, in general, not registerable.

His armory was registered under the holding name Séamus of Dragonsspine.

Ximon Yssuri Zaldu. Name and device. Pily bendy sinister Or and sable, a simurgh displayed gules.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that double given names, such as appear here, were ever used in Basque names. Barring such documentation, Basque names using double given names are not registerable. We would drop one of these names, but the submitter would not accept major changes. Therefore, we are forced to return it.

The submitter requested an authentic Basque name, but included the Spanish name Ximon. For an authentic Basque name, we would suggest dropping this element.

This device is returned for conflict with John Milton (important non-SCA arms), Argent, a double-headed eagle displayed gules and with Brandenberg (important non-SCA arms), Argent, an eagle displayed gules crowned Or. In each case there is a CD for changes to the field. However, there is not a CD between an eagle and a simurgh displayed.

SIREN

Gelre Herald. Release of heraldic title.

The Gelre Armorial, prepared by Claes Heynen, Gelre Herault de Arms, is a standard SCA source for period armory. As such, the title of the herald who prepared it is worthy of continued protection.

Gloucester King of Arms. Release of heraldic title.

This is the title of a king of arms and as such worthy of continued protection.

Guienne King of Arms. Release of heraldic title.

There is some question whether alternative forms of protected heraldic titles should be released when one form remains protected. For alternative forms already registered, there seems no harm in continuing to list these forms.

As the title of a king of arms, this title, in all its forms, will remain listed in the SCA Armorial.

Guyen King of Arms. Release of heraldic title.

As an alternative form of a title of a king of arms, this title should remain listed in the SCA Armorial.

Guyenne Herald or King of Arms. Release of heraldic title.

As the title of a King of Arms, this title is worthy of continued protection.

Hanover Herald or King of Arms. Release of heraldic title.

As the title of a King of Arms this title is worthy of continued protection.

Ich Dien Pursuivant. Release of heraldic title.

The reference in this heraldic title to a famous real-world motto, the motto of Edward, the Black Prince, is sufficient to warrant its continued protection. To bear this title is to claim to be a personal herald of this important individual.

WEST

None.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

- Explicit -