THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Adeliz Argenti. Badge. Per saltire azure and Or, a bordure gules.

Aíbell Shúlglas. Badge. Azure, in pale the letter "S" and two bars wavy argent.

Artemius of Hunters Home. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale sable and vert, on a plate a leaf vert.

Submitted under the name Artemius Le Chaenier.

Catrijn van der Hedde. Name.

Ceridwen verch y gof. Name and device. Argent, a lion's head erased contourny vert.

Ceridwen is an SCA-compatible Welsh name.

Cristina inghean Ghriogair. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic Irish Gaelic 13th-15th C name; this is a fine Irish Gaelic name for that period.

Cynwyl MacDaire. Name change from Cynwyl MacDaire of Land's End and badge. Argent, two piles in point sable, each charged with a plate.

His old name, Cynwyl MacDaire of Land's End, is released.

Dafydd MacNab. Badge. Vert, a wall issuant from base argent masoned sable with a wooden door proper and on a chief argent three cups azure.

We note that in terms of conflict checking, this is equivalent to a field per fess embattled vert and argent masoned sable.

Dagr snæbj{o,}rn Bjarnarson. Name and device. Azure, a cross argent goutty gules between four demi-bears couped argent.

Edward of Freeholt. Name and device. Vert, a double-bitted axe and on a chief embattled Or an arrow sable.

Submitted as Edward of Freehold, there was some question whether Freehold was a reasonable English placename. If we take the name as a rendering of the English legal term, it is not. There is no evidence that the concept of a freehold, meaning an estate held by fee-simple, was ever expressed as a placename. However, by changing the name to Freeholt, the name becomes a reasonable constructed placename with the etymology "wood of of a man called Fræthi". Mills, A Dictionary of British Placenames, s.n. Freethorpe and Freeby, shows Frietorp and Fredebi in 1086, both with the derivation "farmstead of a man called Fræthi." As the Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. holt, defines holt as "A wood; a copse. Now poet[ic] and dial[ectal] (Occurs in many place-names and derived surnames.)" Mills, A Dictionary of British Surnames, has several examples of placenames with the theme -holt including Lynkeholte 1145 s.n. Linkenholt, Nocholt 1353 s.n. Knockholt, and Paulesholt 1187 s.n. Paulshot. We have changed the name to Edward of Freeholt in order to register it.

Elyenora Houll. Name (see PENDS for device).

Erik von Wildflecken. Name and device. Gyronny sable and Or, in chief a key bendwise wards to base Or and a key bendwise sinister wards to base sable, in base a cross formy counterchanged.

This name mixes Swedish and German; this is one step from period practice.

Finn Folhare. Badge. (Fieldless) A hare rampant argent within and conjoined to a joscelyn wreathed gules and ermine belled Or.

Günther Isemann. Name.

Gwynnedd o'r Dyffryn. Device. Gules, a coney rampant contourny argent and in chief three tau crosses Or.

Jane Atwell. Device. Sable, three lit candles mounted in candlesticks argent within a bordure embattled Or.

Nice design. We note that these are period candlesticks, as found in the arms of the Worshipful Company of Founders (1590).

Lara Sukhadrev. Device. Argent, a candle gules, lit Or.

Madelina Bennett. Name.

Marianna Molin di Salerno. Name.

Mariia Kotova. Device (see PENDS for name change). Azure, in pale a lion-dragon passant Or and an open book argent charged with a flower gules slipped sable and a quill pen gules.

Submitted under the name Marija Kotok.

Mathias syn Kotok. Name change from Mathias Kotov and device. Quarterly argent and Or, a dragon gules winged sable breathing flames proper.

His old name, Mathias Kotov, is released.

This was redrawn by kingdom such that the flames were Or fimbriated gules, which is no longer allowed. When the problem was pointed out, Æthelmearc promptly sent a new emblazon to the Laurel office. The flames are essentially maintained charges. As the tincture of the flames in no way effects the conflict checking, we have accepted this device with the redrawn emblazon.

Míchél Ó Murchadha. Device. Per pale gules and argent, a chalice and a lion counterchanged and on a chief vert, three harps Or.

Myra Frogbayn. Name and device. Per pale vert and argent, a frog counterchanged.

Rhiannon of Ravenglass. Name.

Rhiannon is an SCA-compatible Welsh name.

Robert ap Hywel ap David. Name and device. Argent, a stag at gaze sable, a chief embattled vert.

Submitted as Robert ap Howel ap Dewi, the submitter requested an authentic 13th C Welsh name. Harpy notes:

Anglo-Welsh legal records of the 13th century normally use a Latinized form of Robert as "Robertus" (although this may be abbreviated in writing in various ways). However this seems to represent a typical vernacular "Robert" in both Welsh and non-Welsh contexts, as "Robert" is the typical spelling found in the Welsh chronicle Brut y Tywysogion (representing Welsh written forms of the 13-14th centuries for the most part).

"Howel" is the most common spelling of this name in Anglo-Welsh legal documents of the 13th century (143 out of 171 examples in my current database). However in a Welsh-language context (of which the above-mentioned Brut y Tywysogion is the most accessible source for names) "Hywel" is the most typical spelling for the 13-14th centuries (32 of 34 examples of the data I have indexed so far use this spelling).

As the documentation notes, Dewi is by far the less common version of David in use during the medieval period. The only example I currently have of it in my database that is not a reference to St. David ("Dewi" was the normal way of refering to St. David in Welsh) is for "Madog Dewi fr minor de llanvaes" (Anglesey Submissions, 1406). (This is out of 3183 total examples of the name David in my database.) So while clearly not impossible, the use of this name is extremely unusual. The by far most typical form of the name, whether in a Welsh or non-Welsh context would be "David" (representing in Welsh a pronunciation equivalent to the modern spelling Dafydd -- this spelling would not evolve until around the 15th century at the very earliest.)

Given this information, it appears that an authentic Welsh form of this name (as opposed to an Anglo-Welsh form) is Robert ap Hywel ap David. We have made this change to fulfill his authenticity request.

Safiye bint Kara Sun'üllah. Device. Azure, a fess wavy Or ermined azure and in chief three thistles Or.

Selime Berna. Name.

This name mixes Persian and Italian; this is one step from period practice. While the name Berna is found in Turkey today, we have no evidence that it was a period name or whether it is a native Turkish term or one borrowed from another language.

Sion ap Rhainallt. Name.

Sultana bint Mihail. Name.

The word Sultana is an approved alternative title, but precedent holds that period given names identical to titles and alternative titles may be registered so long as there is no implication of rank. In this case, the byname is a patronymic from a common given name, so there is no suggestion of rank in this case Therefore, this name is registerable.

Tristán Isidro de Alcaçar. Badge. (Fieldless) On a tower sable masoned argent, a pair of shears Or.

Shears are points to base by default, as emblazoned here. Please compliment the artist on the nice size of the tertiary charge.

Tymnes the Scythian. Name.

Ulrich von Baden. Name and device. Sable, a chevron throughout Or mullety sable and in base a spear entwined by a serpent Or.

Umm Khalid Naila bint Abd al-Rahim. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, a cat sejant reguardant and in chief a roundel and a sun Or.

Submitted as Umm Khalida Naila bint Abd al-Rahim, no documentation was provided and none found for kunya based on feminine given names in Arabic naming practices. Barring such documentation, kunya based on feminine given names are not registerable. Da'ud ibn Auda,"Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm), lists the masculine given name Khalid. We have changed the name to Umm Khalid Naila bint Abd al-Rahim in order to register it.

Werner Barg. Name and device. Azure, on a fess between two mullets argent, a mastiff statant sable between two mullets azure.

Wolfgang Güntherssohn. Household name Eberhaus and badge. (Fieldless) A boar courant per pale gules and sable.

Wolfstanus le Strange. Name.

AN TIR

An Tir, Kingdom of. Order name Ordre du Lion et de la Lance.

Arthur Greene of Deerhurst. Badge. Per saltire sable and vert, a stag's head erased contourny Or.

Fáelán hua Meic Laisre. Name.

Submitted as Fáelán h-ua Meic Laisre, the submitter asked for an authentic name for 7-8th C Irish. The hyphen in the patronymic marker is a modern editorial convention, but, otherwise this name is fine for his desired time period. We have changed the name to Fáelán hua Meic Laisre to fulfill his authenticity request.

Johann Matheusson. Name and device. Per pale and per chevron Or and vert, on a chevron sable between three martlets contourny, one and two, and two axes crossed in saltire counterchanged a mullet Or.

Kristin of Three Trees. Name and device. Or, in fess three fir trees couped vert within a bordure azure.

This name mixes Old Norse and English; this is a step from period practice. The submitter asked for an authentic Old Norse name but documented the byname as an English inn-sign name. We have no evidence for inns or names based on inn signs in Old Norse, nor do we have an example of a byname meaning "three trees" in that language. Therefore, we are unable to make this name authentic as requested.

Morgan ap Hugh. Device. Per chevron argent and gules, two dragonflies purpure and a stag trippant contourny Or.

This device had been pended on the July 2006 LoAR.

ANSTEORRA

Catrin verch Reis Of. Name.

Submitted as Catrin verch Reis Gof, the submitter requested an authentic 13th-14th C Welsh name. Of the byname Gof, Harpy notes:

The occupational byname "gof" normally appears lenited when used alone after a given name, as it is here...While this lenition rule isn't universal for occupational bynames, it does appear to be extremely consistant for "gof". In Anglo-Welsh legal records of the 13-14th century, the most common spelling on the submission context is "Of" (6 of 7 examples) as in "Kediuor Of" (Merioneth Lay Subsidy Roll 1292).

The given name Catrin was documented to the middle 16th C. None of the commenters found an earlier example. Without examples of this name in a Welsh context in the desired time period, we are unable to declare the name authentic. However, we have changed the name to Catrin verch Reis Of to partially comply with her request for an authentic 13th-14th C Welsh name.

Cristyne Lambrechtin. Name.

Originally submitted as Cristyna Lambrecht_, the name was changed at kingdom to Cristyne Lamprecht to match the available documentation. For the byname, the letter shift from p to b and back is well documented; Lambrecht would be an unremarkable variant for this name. However, current precedent holds that patronymic and descriptive bynames in German feminine names should be in the possessive or feminine form. Albion notes that the name Lambrecht/Lamprecht are from Arnsburg, and that Talan Gwynek's examination of feminine names in Arnsburg records indicates that the feminine form of bynames is much more common than the possessive form. We have changed the spelling of the byname back to the originally submitted form and added the feminine ending, registering it as Cristyne Lambrechtin.

Danielle de Marseille. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, a dragonfly vert and a honeysuckle blossom Or.

Davinus de Mare. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic name for Italy. The names are both from the same source, a treaty signed in Pisa in the 14th C. However, the names as recorded in this document are Latin. Therefore, this is an authentic Latin form of an Italian name. The most likely Italian form is Davino del Mare; de Felice, Dizionario dei nomi italiani s.n Davino, notes that "nome medievale Davino frequente in Toscana già dall'XI secolo" (the medieval name Davino is frequent in Tuscany from the 11th C). The byname del Mare is found in the Herlihy, David, R. Burr Litchfield, and Anthony Molho, "Florentine Renaissance Resources: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/ ), dated to the last half of the 15th C.

Deanna della Penna. Name and device. Bendy sinister Or and sable estencely Or, a winged lion rampant argent.

Deanna is the submitter's legal given name.

This device could have been blazoned as Or, three scarpes sable estencely Or, overall a winged lion rampant argent; but that would have contrast problems between the overall argent lion and the Or field. While you can't blazon yourself out of a conflict, you can blazon your way out of style problems. There is no heraldic difference between Or, three scarpes sable estencelly and Bendy sinister Or and sable estencely Or. Laurel has previously noted:

[Purpure, three palets Or, overall two flaunches] We were tempted to blazon this as Paly purpure and Or, two flaunches That's the visual effect of the traits' regular widths and the overall charges. There are instances of period arms blazoned and emblazoned, interchangeably, as paly and three palets: cf. the armory of Valoines found in Foster, p.196. Certainly, we grant no heraldic difference between the two renditions. The above blazon does more accurately describe the submitted emblazon, however. (Eleonora Vittoria Alberti di Calabria, December, 1992, pg. 8)

Baring evidence to the contrary, we will grant submitters the benefit of the doubt and will treat multiply divided fields/multiple ordinaries the same way we treat paly and three pallets. This applies to chevronelly/three chevrons, chevronlly inverted/three chevrons inverted, barry/three bars, bendy/three bends, and bendy sinister/three scarpes. That is, the two blazons are interchangeable as are the corresponding emblazons. As such, this submission can be blazoned as Bendy sinister Or and sable estencely Or, a winged lion rampant argent. As a neutral field, there is no longer a contrast problem between the lion and the field.

Ercc hua Cuiléin. Name and device. Or, a dragon passant gules and on a chief vert two triquetrae Or.

Submitted as Ercc an Gleanna _Ua Chuilén, the submitter requested an authentic 10th C Irish name. As submitted, the name is two steps from period practice. First, it mixes Middle Irish with Early Modern Irish. Second, there is a more than 300 year gap between the lastest dates for Ercc (pre-12th C) and an Gleanna (in the form an Glenna in a 1524 entry of the Annála Connacht). To make the name registerable, we must drop the element an Gleanna. Furthermore, the grammar of the patronymic is incorrect. The patronym was changed from Cuilén to Chuilén at kingdom in order to put it into the genitive case. While changing the name from the nominative Cuilén is necessary, the change at kingdom is merely the lenited nominative form of the name, not the genitive form. The expected genitive form for this patronym is Cuiléin; several examples of this form appear in both the Annals of Ulster, whose orthography is largely Middle Irish, and the Annals of the Four Masters, whose orthography is largely Early Modern Irish. In addition, the standard Middle Irish form of the patronymic particle used in this name is hua. We have changed the name to Ercc_hua Cuiléin, a fully Middle Irish form, in order to register it, to correct the grammar, and to comply with the submitter's request for authenticity.

Fadl bint Asad. Name.

Gunthar Waldmann. Device. Per bend sinister vert and sable, a bear's head caboshed argent.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Ursula Messerschmitt, Vert, a bear's head cabossed argent.

Isabel Hawksworth. Name.

Nice late 16th C English name.

Keterlyn von Eltz. Name and device. Or, a bend argent fimbriated azure between two mullets of four points sable.

Larisa Kievicha. Name.

Muirenn ingen Senáin uí Dúnlaing. Device. Per chevron inverted Or and sable, three wolf's heads erased one and two counterchanged.

Please advise the submitter to draw the wolf's heads larger.

Óláfr silfrt{o,}nn. Name and device. Per fess argent and vert, a sword fesswise and a wolf passant counterchanged.

There was some question whether the word silfrt{o,}nn was well formed. Cleasby/Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English Dictionary, s.v. Silfr, shows several examples of words formed by combining the full silfr with a modifying word. This name follows that pattern.

Raven's Fort, Barony of. Order name Order of the Raven's Wings and badge. (Fieldless) A vol sable.

By precedent, apostrophes indicating possession are no longer registerable, as this usage is post period. However, the formation Raven's is grandfathered to this barony. RfS II.5 says "Once a name has been registered to an individual or group, the College of Arms may permit that particular individual or group to register elements of that name again, even if it is no longer permissible under the rules in effect at the time the later submission is made." Therefore, this group may use the element Raven's.

The barony has permission to conflict with the device of Balduin Valke, Or, a pair of wings sable.

Rondinella dal Tirolo. Badge. (Fieldless) A wooden lace bobbin proper.

Sebastian de Hythe. Name and device. Checky azure and argent, a sea serpent ondoyant sable.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Ulric Velkener, Lozengy gules and Or, a sea serpent ondoyant sable.

Ulrich Velkener. Name and device. Lozengy gules and Or, a sea serpent ondoyant sable.

Nice 14th C German name.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Sebastian de Hythe, Checky azure and argent, a sea serpent ondoyant sable.

Wolfgang von Sachsenhausen. Name.

ARTEMISIA

Aaron de Paladin. Device. Gules, a chevron inverted per pale Or and sable between a lion's face and two swords Or.

Elyas Tigar. Name and device. Per chevron inverted gules and sable, a winged sword and three decrescents argent.

This is not slot-machine heraldry. A winged object is a single charge, thus there are only two types of charges in the primary charge group - the decrescents and the winged sword.

Ivegard Sask. Device. Per pale azure and vert, a horse salient between three mullets of four points argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the horse more vertically.

Jadwiga Zawadzka. Device. Per pale embattled argent and gules, a bull rampant and in pale two spurs counterchanged.

Jadwiga Zawadzka. Badge. (Fieldless) A bull rampant gules maintaining a spur argent.

Kentigern Owle. Name and device. Or, in pale an owl affronty gules perched atop a double-horned anvil within a bordure potenty sable.

Submitted as Kentigern Cameron the Owle, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the pattern [given name] + [inherited family surname] + [animal-based personal byname] was found in Scottish names in period. However, Owle is documented as a surname in Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Owles. The pattern [given name] + [inherited surname] is well-attested in late period Scotland, and we currently allow registration of names combining a Scots element and an English element. We have changed the name to Kentigern_Owle in order to register it.

Luveday de Salford. Name and device. Per chevron inverted Or and azure, a tree vert and three gouttes argent.

Luveday de Salford. Badge. (Fieldless) A goutte per pale argent and azure.

Mael Coluim mac Gilla Epscoip. Device. Per fess argent and gules, two wolf's heads erased sable and a castle argent.

This device had been pended on the July 2006 LoAR.

Oriana de Poitou. Name and device. Purpure, a feather bendwise sinister argent and four fleurs-de-lys conjoined to the points of a base indented Or.

Submitted as Orianna de Poitou, the submitter requested an authentic 14th C name and accepted minor changes only. The name Oriana is first found as a literary name in the late 16th C referring to Queen Elizabeth. The first example we have of it as an actual given name is in 1603 in England. While the submitter submitted documentation showing switches from n to nn in France, the examples are all at least 200 years earlier than 1603. As such, they are not sufficient to show this switch in English names. We have changed the name to Oriana de Poitou in order to register it. As we have no examples of the given name in French, nor do we have examples earlier than the late 16th C, we are unable to make this name authentic as requested.

Please advise the submitter that, if she wishes to use a period line of division, a base indented fleury is a base with demi-fleurs-de-lys issuant from the points of the indent line.

Rochelle de la Mer. Name and device. Sable, on a fess wavy azure fimbriated a mermaid in her vanity argent.

Rochelle is the submitter's legal given name.

Seth Comyn. Device. Sable, a wolf rampant contourny between three crescents argent.

Signý Gyðadóttir. Name.

Sofi Crabbe. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Sofi the Crabby, the given name was documented as both a Hungarian form and a Swedish form. The byname was put forward as a lingua anglica byname based on a pattern of "attitude" bynames documented in Hungarian. However, the lingua anglica rule is a translation; this requires an attested byname (or word that can be used as a byname) in the original language that can then be translated. No documentation was submitted and none found of a byname in Hungarian whose translation is solidly "the crabby." The submitter noted that if the byname was not registerable as submitted, she would accept the English byname Crabbe dated to 1188, 1217, c. 1420, and 1580 in Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Crabb. While Hungarian and English combinations are not registerable, Swedish and English combinations are. Since the given name is also found in Swedish, we have changed the name to Sofi_Crabbe, a Swedish/English combination, in order to register it. The mixture of Swedish and English is one step from period practice.

Tiberius Marius Montanus. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and gules, a compass star counterchanged.

Submitted as Marius Tiberius Montanus, the name Marius is documented as a nomen and Tiberius as a praenomen. The Roman tria nomina naming pattern orders names [praenomen] + [nomen] + [cognomen]. We have changed the name to Tiberius Marius Montanus to match documented Roman naming practice.

Toirdhealbhach Bodhar. Name (see RETURNS for device).

ATENVELDT

Ameera al-Sarrakha. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and vert, a peacock feather bendwise sinister and a seahorse argent.

Angharad of Tir Ysgithr. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Per bend sinister vert and Or, a doe statant counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Angharad Ewan.

Aziza al-Labu'a bint Ibrahim ibn Rashid al-Rahhala. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Per fess argent and sable, on a fess gules a lion couchant, in base a decrescent argent.

Submitted as Azizah al-Labu'a bint Ibrahim ibn Rashid al-Rahhala, this name appears to use two different transcription systems in the same name. To be registerable, a single transcription system must be used. In this case, ah (in Azizah) and a (in al-Rahhala) have been used to represent the same letter. We have changed the name to Aziza al-Labu'a bint Ibrahim ibn Rashid al-Rahhala in order to register it.

Ceara MacTagan. Device. Purpure, three plumeria blossoms in pale between flaunches argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as frangipani blossoms, according to Brachet there is no conclusive evidence as to the source of that name. We have reblazoned the flowers as plumeria blossoms to aid in their reproducibility. Plumeria blossoms will conflict with cinquefoils, roses, and other similar flowers.

Erik of Rockwell. Device. Per pale azure and sable, a sword inverted proper, bat-winged and within a bordure Or.

Erik of Rockwell. Badge. (Fieldless) A sword inverted proper, bat-winged Or.

Flora Tay. Name reconsideration from Florie Tay.

No evidence was given and none found that the spelling Flora was used as a woman's given name in Scotland in period. However, Albion notes, "my "Jewish Given Names Found in Les Noms Des Israélites en France" (<http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/jewish/levy/>) dates <Flora> to the 13th century, in Coblence." Therefore, this name is registerable as a mixture of German and Scots.

Her old name, Florie Tay, is released.

Gabriel Rene Antoine du Renard. Reblazon of device. Azure, a fox passant argent maintaining in its sinister forepaw a spiral hunting horn palewise reversed, slung over its shoulder, and a chief embattled Or.

Registered in October 1981 with the blazon Azure, a fox passant argent grasping in its sinister forepaw a hunting horn, bell to sinister, and a chief embattled Or, we have clarified the type and position of the horn.

Gabriel Rene Antoine du Renard. Reblazon of badge. Azure, a fox passant argent maintaining in its dexter forepaw a spiral hunting horn palewise reversed, slung over its shoulder, and a chief embattled Or.

Registered in August 1979 with the blazon Azure, a fox passant argent grasping in its dexter forepaw a hunting horn, bell to sinister, and a chief embattled or, it is currently listed in the O&A as a device with the note "? should have been released". There is no heraldic difference between this and the device registered in October 1981 (reblazoned above), though there is a blazonable difference. While we agree that this most likely should have been released, we are reluctant to do so at this late date without Gabriel's permission. We have therefore re-designated it as a badge and reblazoned it to clarify the type and position of the horn.

Mederic de Chastelerault. Name change from Mederic de Castro Araldi.

Submitted as Mederic de Chatellerault, the submitter requested an authentic 13th C French name. While we have no 13th C example of this name that are not in Latin, we do have a 16th C form. Charles Estienne, La guide des chemins de France, written in the later half of the 16th C, shows the spelling Chastelerault. This is expected, as the originally submitted form contained an â, which usually indicates a missing consonant following the vowel. We have changed the name to Mederic de Chastelerault in order to register it.

His old name, Mederic de Castro Araldi, is released.

Osric of Atenveldt. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, a pall inverted voided sable between two dragons combatant and a third dormant gules.

Submitted under the name Osric of Blakewode.

Robert of Tir Ysgithr. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly per fess rayonny azure and argent.

Nice armory.

Submitted under the name Robert Lyons.

Sechen Doghshin-Unegen. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Shanda MacNeil. Name change from holding name Shalon of Atenveldt.

Shanda is her legal given name.

Sythe Blackwolfe. Badge. Per saltire argent and gules, in pale a dragon couchant contourny sable and a beacon sable flammant proper, a bordure counterermine.

As originally submitted, the flames were drawn as Or fimbriated gules; this style of flames proper has long been disallowed. When informed of this fact, the Atenveldt College of Heralds sent a new emblazon with acceptable flames proper - alternating tongues of gules and Or. A beacon's flame is essentially a maintained charge; its tincture cannot contribute to difference. As the exact depiction of the flames does not affect conflict checking, we are accepting the new emblazon rather than pending the submission.

Thorarna i Hiartt. Name change from holding name Jennifer of Atenveldt.

Zedena of Tir Ysgithr. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale vert and argent, two demi-foxes statant respectant issuant from the flanks counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Zedena Chovat se mazaný.

ATLANTIA

Aislinn of Tir-y-Don. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale rayonny azure and Or, a mare rampant argent and a cat rampant contourny sable, collared gules.

Submitted under the name Aislinn Blackburn.

Alan de Nedham. Name and device. Sable, a chevron couched from dexter Or.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Christina de Nedham, Gules, a chevron couched from dexter Or.

Ansel Rowland Matthews. Device. Per chevron embattled vert and argent, a stag trippant argent and a triquetra azure.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Designator change to Award of the Undine from Order of the Undine.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Award name Award of the Alcyon.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Designator change to Award of the Fountain from Order of the Fountain.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Designator change to Award of the Herring from Order of the Herring.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Designator change to Award of the Hippocampus from Order of the Hippocampus.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Award name Award of the Sea Tyger.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Designator change to Award of the Undine from Order of the Undine.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Designator change to Award of the Sea Urchin from Order of the Sea Urchin.

Azelina of Exanceaster. Reblazon of device. Per fess argent and sable, an ounce rampant guardant gules incensed proper between three ermine spots counterchanged.

Originally registered in December 1991 and reblazoned in March 2006 as Per fess argent and sable, a panther rampant guardant gules incensed proper between three ermine spots counterchanged, the cat lacks the spots of a heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Bassi inn fiskni Einarsson. Device. Argent, three bear's pawprints sable, on a chief gules a fish argent.

The use of pawprints is a step from period practice.

Elizabet de Roslyne. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic 15th C Scottish name, but there was some question whether the spelling Elizabet was found before the late 16th C in Scotland. The "Dictionary of the Scots Language" (http://www.dsl.ac.uk/), s.v. Grantdame, has "Umquhile Gelis Mailevile, sister to the grantdame of the sade Elizabet" (the late Gelis Mailvile, sister to the grandmother of the said Elizabet) in 1501. Given this, the spelling Elizabet should be a reasonable late 15th C Scottish form for this name.

Geoffrey de la Beche. Device change. Per pale azure and gules, on a pile Or a beech tree proper.

His previous device, Per pale azure and gules, on a pile Or a cypress tree proper, is released.

Giuseppe Calabro. Name.

Isabel de Nedham. Name.

Mærwynn de More. Name.

Otto von Schwyz. Reblazon of device. Azure ermined argent, an ounce rampant enflamed guardant contourny between flaunches argent.

Registered in November 1992 with the blazon Azure ermined argent, a panther rampant guardant contourny between flaunches argent, the cat lacks the spots of an heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Robert of Cundiff. Reblazon of device. Azure, a Continental panther rampant guardant within a bordure rayonny Or.

Registered as a badge in March 1984, and changed to a device in April 1990, with the blazon Azure, a panther rampant guardant within a bordure rayonny Or, the panther is a Continental, not an English, panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Robert of Cundiff. Reblazon of badge. Azure, a Continental panther rampant to sinister guardant within a bordure rayonny Or.

Registered as a device in March 1984, and changed to a badge in April 1990, with the blazon Azure, a panther rampant to sinister guardant within a bordure rayonny Or, the panther is a Continental, not an English, panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Samuel Calvert of Gidiehall and Miriam Calvert of Gidiehall. Joint badge. (Fieldless) A cow rampant vert.

Sian verch Gwilim ap Lewelin. Name and device. Azure, a tree blasted and eradicated Or, on a chief argent three pheons sable.

While this name is registerable, it combines two 16th C forms, Sian and Gwilim, with a 13th C form, Lewelin. If the submitter is interested in authentic 16th name, we suggest Sian verch Gwilim ap Llewelin. Llewelin is given as a 16th C form in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 16th C Welsh Names (in English Contexts)", (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/welsh16.html).

Ynes Garcia. Device. Lozengy argent and sable, on a fess gules five lozenges Or.

Ysabel de la Zarza. Device. Sable, in cross four roses argent, barbed and seeded proper, within a chaplet of thorn Or.

CAID

Elizaveta Arievna Lebedeva. Reblazon of device. Gules, a winged ounce rampant contourny, head to sinister, argent incensed and a base rayonny Or.

Registered in January 2006 with the blazon Gules, a winged panther rampant contourny, head to sinister, argent incensed and a base rayonny Or, the monster lacks the spots of an heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Joia de Tarleton. Reblazon of device. Per bend vert and gules, in cross a spoon and a spoon fesswise reversed argent and a pomegranate Or.

Registered in July 1999 with the blazon Per bend vert and gules, two spoons in cross reversed argent and a pomegranate Or, only one of the spoons is reversed.

William Leonard. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as William Leonhardt, the submitter requested an authentic 13th C English name. The byname Leonhardt is documented as a German name; we have no evidence that this spelling was used in England. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Leonard, lists a William and Agnes Leonard in 1279. We have changed the name to William Leonard to fulfill the submitter's request for an authentic 13th C English name.

CALONTIR

Aleksei Nikolai Rusianov. Device. Per chevron Or and purpure, two bears combatant gules and an owl displayed Or.

The use of a bird, other than an eagle, displayed is a step from period practice.

Allesandra of Crystal Mynes. Holding name and device. Sable semy of musical notes, on a bend Or three mortars and pestles palewise gules.

Submitted under the name Alessandra Giovanna di Cavalieri.

Ana de Granada. Device. Per pale argent and vert, in pale three maunches purpure.

Aron Helmschmidt. Name.

There was some question whether Aron is a German name. Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Aron, says that the surname is derived from the Biblical given name and shows a Stephan Aron aus Bretten in 1490. While this shows it as a surname, it is not unreasonable to view this as an unmarked patronymic, and, therefore, a reasonable given name spelling. There was also some question about the spelling Helmschmidt, documented as a variant of the header Helmschmiedt from Brechenmacher. While Brechenmacher does not show this form, the theme -schmidt is fairly common in 15th C German names. For example, Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497", (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/surnamesnurn.html) shows Eberschmidt, Hame(r)schmidt, Karnschmidt, Klingaschmidt, Pauerschmidt, and Schmidt. Given this, Helmschmidt is an expected 15th C spelling for this name.

Balin Kendrick. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Quarterly azure and gules, two eagles stooping respectant and a two-horned anvil Or.

There was considerable discussion on this item on whether the name Balin was registerable. Balin or Balyn (the latter form is the spelling found in the Caxton edition of Morte de Arthur [http://name.umdl.umich.edu/MaloryWks2]) is a name from Arthurian legend. As the tale of one of the stories in the Morte de Arthur is "The Tale of Balyn and Balen", this marks this knight as a human character. While this character may have been a sun god in the original Welsh stories, by the time Malory gets hold of him, he is definitely a human character (or at least as human as any of Arthur's knights ever are). As the name of a major character in Arthurian literature, the name Balin is registerable.

As defined for SCA use (in the LoAR Cover Letters of July and Aug 1986), stooping is reserved for when the raptor is "dive-bombing", falling on its prey: wings swept back, body vertical or diagonal with head down. Striking is the moment when the raptor comes out of its stoop, its feet ready to grab or punch the prey: body diagonal with head up, heraldically equivalent to rising.

Caelainn ingen Chainnig. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Catalina Artemisia Anguissola. Badge. Azure, an owl and on a base Or an artist's brush reversed azure.

Cera in Fheda. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, a wolf's head erased to sinister and a needle bendwise sinister counterchanged threaded sable.

David de Brygenhall. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The submitter requested an authentic 15th-16th C English name. This is a lovely late 15th-early 16th C English name.

Einarr Grímsson and Jacqueline de Meux. Joint badge (See RETURNS for joint household name). Purpure, on a pale argent a tower purpure.

There is at least a CD between a tower and a correctly drawn beacon, thus this does not conflict with the badge of John Trevor of Chinon, Checky vert and argent, on a pale argent, a beacon sable, flamed gules. There is a CD for the changes to the field and another CD for changing the type and tincture of the tertiary charge.

Einarr inn spaki. Name and device. Per chevron argent and vert, two ravens addorsed sable and a bear rampant argent.

Einarr inn spaki. Badge. (Fieldless) On a raven's sinister wing sable a bear's head erased argent.

Elizabeth Joscelyne. Badge. Or, a letter "B" azure within a bordure gules.

This device had been pended on the July 2006 LoAR.

Endeline Ginevra Montagna. Name.

This name combines French and Italian; this is one step from period practice.

Eoghan Ó Domhnaill. Name and device. Argent, two salmon haurient respectant vert and a bordure azure.

Nice 15th C Irish name!

There was some question whether or not the fish were salmon. Period heraldic salmon appear to be generic fish, as do the ones in this submission, therefore we have maintained the submitter's preferred blazon.

Friedrich Jäger. Name.

Geoffrey de Cardeville. Badge. Argent semy of card-piques sable, on a pale endorsed gules a jester's bauble argent.

Geoffrey de Cardeville and Madeleine Rose de Cardeville. Joint badge. Per pale azure and argent all goutty counterchanged, a pavilion per pale Or and vert.

Giudo di Niccolo Brunelleschi. Alternate name Jedediah Glasmon (see RETURNS for badge).

Giudo di Niccolo Brunelleschi. Household name Compagnia dell'Arcangelo Gabriele.

Hamer Úlfsson. Name.

The submitter request an authentic 9th-10th C Old Norse name. However, the name Hamer was documented as a German name. We have found no examples of it in Old Norse, although Hamer is a 14th C Swedish spelling found in Sverges medeltida personnamn s.n. Hamar. As submitted the name is one step from period for mixing either German or Swedish with Old Norse. As we are unable to find the name Hamer in Old Norse, we are unable to fulfill the submitter's authenticity request. If the submitter is interested in an authentic name with a similar sound, we suggest the given names Hamundr and Hamall. Both are found in Haraldson, The Old Norse Name.

Ines Alfón. Name change from Mór inghean Chathail and device change. Azure, in pale two tygers passant contourny queue-forchy argent.

Her old name, Mór inghean Chathail, is released.

Her previous device, Or, in pale two tygers passant contourny queue-forchy purpure, is released.

Jane Corwin. Name and device. Azure, a triskelion of legs Or between three bezants.

There was some question whether the byname Corwin was registerable. We believe this is a reasonable variant form of the occupational surname listed in Reaney, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Corden. In this entry, the spelling corwen is dated to 1483 and cordiwin to 1593 as occupational terms. As such, this suggests Corwin as a surname is not outside the realm of possibility.

Juliana d'Arcy. Name.

Katheryne Winterbourne. Name change from holding name Katheryne of Crystal Mynes.

Kelly of Crystal Mynes. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Gyronny vert and argent, each argent gyron charged with an estoile purpure.

Submitted under the name Marinn Rikarðsdottir.

Madeleine Rose de Cardeville. Device change. Sable, a rose argent barbed and seeded proper and a tierce argent ermined gules.

Her previous device, Sable, a peacock in its pride argent within a bordure wavy argent semy of roses proper, is retained as a badge.

Marion Baggeputz. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Martinus Draco Byzantinos. Alternate name Sulayman al-Rumi.

Maximillian Johann von Kleve. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There was some question whether the spelling Kleve was used for the placename Cleve in period. Brechenmacher shows the byname Klever in 1647 and derives it from the placename Kleve; this strongly suggests that Kleve is an acceptable spelling from the gray area.

Oddi {o,}lfúss. Name.

Submitted as Oddi {O,}lfúss, by precedent, descriptive bynames in Old Norse may only be registered in all lowercase. We have changed the name to Oddi {o,}lfúss in order to register it.

Phoíbë Korínthia. Alternate name Azizah bint Ali.

Royse Meingnes. Name and device. Or, on a bend engrailed purpure three roses Or.

The submitter indicated that she was interested in a Scottish name, but did not specifically request authenticity. While the byname is documented as Scottish (Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Menzies, has Meingnes ca 1460), the given name is documented as English (Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Rose, has Royse Godstow in 1450). Unfortunately, we have found no examples of the name Royse or Rose in Scots, so we are unable to suggest a fully Scots version of this name.

Séamus of Amlesmore. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a dog sejant and on a chief azure three open books argent.

Submitted under the name Séamus mac Muireadhaigh.

Sherry Foxwell. Reblazon of device. Sable a horse's head contourny, extended palewise to chief, couped at the shoulders argent.

Registered in December 1988 with the blazon Sable a horse's head extended palewise to chief, couped at the shoulders argent, the horse's head is actually facing to sinister.

Treuthwin Ingelfinger. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, in pale three demi-suns Or.

William of Stonebridge. Name and device. Gules, an eagle rising and a tierce Or.

William of Stonebridge. Badge. Per fess embattled gules and Or, a single-arched bridge argent and a double-horned anvil sable.

Wolfger zum Grifen. Name and device. Sable, a pall argent and overall a gryphon segreant Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the pall somewhat narrower so that more the identifying features of the gryphon lie on the field.

DRACHENWALD

Coenred æt Rauenesdale. Device. Vert, on a tower between three mullets of four points argent a raven sable.

Máire O Halowrane. Device. Azure, a sea-horse Or and in chief three Bowen crosses argent.

EAST

Aonghais Dubh MacTarbh. Reblazon of badge for Clan Creachainn. Per pale argent and sable, a horse's head couped argent, crined of flames and incensed proper, issuant from a ducal crown Or fimbriated sable.

Registered in August 1977 as a badge for Clan Creachainn West, and re-designated in December 1989, with the blazon Per pale argent and sable, a horse's head couped argent, orbed gules, crined of flames and incensed proper, gorged of a ducal crown Or fimbriated sable, the horse's head issuant from the crown. The crown is equivalent to a maintained charge, not a tertiary charge. We have dropped the tincture of the eyes in accordance with current SCA heraldic practice.

Cecily Carlyll. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic 15th C English name. This is an authentic 15th C English name.

Ceilidh McBain. Name.

Ceilidh is the submitter's legal given name. The name McBain is grandfathered to her; she is the child of Brianna McBain. Brianna McBain was registered October 1994.

Cristofre de Hastings. Device. Per bend argent and sable, a Latin cross vert and a cat's head cabossed argent.

Deroch of Northern Outpost. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per fess argent and sable, three mullets of four points gules, azure, and Or.

Submitted under the name Deroch the Wine Trader.

Drueta de la Rosa. Badge. (Fieldless) A rooster rising argent.

The tincture of the crest and wattle (gules) and the beak and talons (Or) is artistic license and thus not blazoned.

There is normally at least a CD between the different bird categories listed in the November 2003 Cover Letter. These categories are:

-	Swan-shaped birds, including swans, geese, and ducks: waterfowl with long necks, rounded bills, long heavy bodies, webbed feet.

-	Crane-shaped birds, including cranes, herons, and storks: tall thin birds with long necks, long pointed beaks, medium-weight bodies, very long legs.

-	Poultry-shaped birds, including chickens, quail, partridge, and peacocks: compact rounded birds with short to medium necks, short beaks, heavy rounded bodies, medium or short legs, often with distinctive tails or head details (combs, crests).

-	"Regular-shaped" birds, including martlets, ravens and other corbies, raptors (hawks, eagles, and owls), and doves: birds with the classic "bird shape". Compact light- or medium-weight birds with small necks and beaks, short to medium legs, plain tails.

This badge is clear of the badge for Henry V of England (important non-SCA badge), (Fieldless) A swan rousant wings addorsed argent ducally gorged and chained Or. There is a CD for fieldlessness and, since roosters and swans appear in different categories, another CD for the difference between a rooster and a swan. Similarly, this badge is also clear of the device for Jehan de la Marche, Gules, a crow rising, pierced by an arrow, both argent. There is a CD for fieldlessness and, since roosters and crows appear in different categories, at least another CD for the difference between a rooster and a crow.

The submitted badge is also clear of the badge for Widsith Devona of Exmoor, Per bend sinister sable and vert, a snowy egret rising wings displayed argent, and of the device for Mora de Buchanan, Per chevron purpure and vert, an owl rising guardant wings displayed argent. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for the position of the wings (wings addorsed versus wings displayed). In each case there is also at least a CD between the type of birds.

Dubhghall Docair Mac Tomais. Name and device. Gules, on a chevron cotised argent three Latin crosses palewise gules and in sinister chief a two-headed wyvern displayed argent.

Submitted as Dubhghall Docair Mac Thamhais, the submitter accepted only minor changes. The spelling of the patronymic, Thamhais, is a modern Gaelic spelling; as such it is not registerable. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MacTavish shows the spelling M'Thamais. However, an examination of the source shows that the spelling is found in a Latin document; this means it may or may not be representative of an underlying Gaelic spelling. Because the submitter will not accept major changes, we cannot change the language of the patronymic to Scots or Latin in order to register it. Therefore, we must see if a period Gaelic form of the patronymic is available that is similar in sound and appearance. The attested Irish form of this patronymic is mac Tomais. This form is found in the Annals of the Four Masters in entries for 1352, 1473, 1476, and 1501. The submitter indicated that he would accept the Irish form if his submitted form was not registerable. We have changed the name to Dubhghall Docair Mac Tomais in order to register it.

Please advise the submitter to draw the cotises wider.

Gruffydd Abernethy. Name.

This name mixes Welsh and Scots; this is one step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a fully Scots form of this name, we suggest Griffin de Abernethy. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Griffin, lists a Griffinus in 1232, and a William Griffin in 1233.

Kenneric Aubrey. Name.

Lourenço Coelho. Name and device. Argent, a fig leaf bendwise and a chief embattled vert.

Submitted as Lourenço Coelho do Buraco, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that a byname meaning "of the hole" follows Porteguese naming patterns. The submitter submitted examples of bynames based on topographic features, but none suggest that "hole" is the type of feature that would be used to form a byname. Barring such documentation, the byname do Buraco is not registerable. We have changed the name to Lourenço Coelho_ in order to register it.

Lourenço Coelho. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Argent, a hare courant sable and a chief embattled vert.

Maeve Aislynn Ronan. Reblazon of device. Per pale sable and purpure, an ounce's head cabossed argent, incensed Or, within a bordure argent semy of Cavendish knots purpure.

Registered in October 1991 with the blazon Per pale sable and purpure, a panther's head cabossed argent, incensed Or, within a bordure argent semy of cavendish knots purpure, the cat's head lacks the spots of an heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Nigell Westcastle. Name and device. Sable, on a tower argent a heart gules, in chief two rapiers in chevron tips crossed proper.

Rachid ibn Husam. Reblazon of device. Azure mulletty of six points argent, an ounce rampant guardant enflamed, on a chief triangular Or, a crescent gules.

Registered in April 1989 with the blazon Azure, mulletty of six points argent, a panther rampant guardant, on a chief triangular Or, a crescent gules, the cat lacks the spots on an heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Saikhan Saran. Name.

Stephanus de Londres. Name.

Taran of Windy Hill. Reblazon of device. Azure, a bendlet between a boreas and an ounce counter-rampant gardant Or, incensed gules.

Registered in July 1980 with the blazon Azure, a bendlet between a boreas and a panther counter-rampant gardant Or, incensed gules, the cat lacks the spots of an heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

GLEANN ABHANN

Asha of Grey Niche. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron inverted purpure and gules, a chevron inverted engrailed between a crescent and two elephants statant respectant argent.

Submitted under the name Asha Devi.

Bella Talia Derro. Name.

Brun Anderson. Name.

Submitted as Brúnn Anderson, as submitted, this name is two steps from period practice. First, it combines Old Norse and Norwegian; this is one step. Second, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the spelling Brúnn can be dated later than around 1100; this means there a more than 300 year gap between the date for the given name and the date for the byname. The name Anderson is dated to 1405 in a document from Diplomatarium Norvegicum (volumes I-XXI)" (http://www.dokpro.uio.no/dipl_norv/diplom_field_eng.html); the same source has the given name Brun in 1309. We have changed the name to Brun Anderson in order to register it.

Jam Recarediz. Name and device. Or, a cross between four escallops gules, a bordure azure.

Submitted as Jacme Recarediz, the submitter requested an authentic Spanish name, preferably 12th C Castillian. The name Jacme appears in the title of a chronicle by James of Aragon, Crònica del rei en Jacme, which is a famous 13th C vernacular document written in Catalan, not Castillian. Talan Gwynek, "A Glossary of the Personal Names in Diez Melcén's Apellidos Castellano-Leoneses: Siglos IX-XIII, ambos inclusive", published in the Known World Heraldic Proceedings in 1993, lists Jam in 1248 and James in 870. We have changed the name to Jam Recarediz, a fully Castillian form, to partially fulfill his authenticity request.

Ketterlin Johanneß von Breßla. Name.

Pia Derro. Name.

Wernherus Rudemann. Device change. Argent, on a fess cotised purpure a sinister cubit arm fesswise contourny argent maintaining an apple gules slipped and leaved vert.

His previous device, Ermine, on a fess between three roses purpure a cubit arm fesswise contourny argent maintaining an apple gules slipped and leaved vert, is retained as a badge.

LOCHAC

Alessandro von Florenz. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and argent, a triple-towered castle argent and three broad-arrows gules.

This name mixes Italian and German; this is one step from period practice.

If the submitter were an Italian living in Germany, we would expect him to be called by an all German form of his name. If he is interested in an all German form, we suggest Alexander von Florenz. Talan Gwynek, "Late Period German Masculine Given Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/germmasc/), shows the name Alexander in Plauen in the 16th C.

A number of recent submissions have shown confusion between pheons and broad-arrows. We grant no heraldic difference between these charges, but (as with shamrocks and trefoils) blazon the distinction for the artist's sake. See Parker, pp. 23 and 455, for illustrations of their forms.

The pheon seems to be a peculiarly English charge: a steel arrowhead, with a ferrule where the arrow's shaft is inserted, and the inner edges engrailed. It's found in the arms of Sydney, Earl of Leicester, mid-16th C. (Oxford Guide to Heraldry, plate 19). The broad-arrow is identical, save that the inner edges are straight, not engrailed. It was used as a Royal badge for the Butlery as early as 1330 (H. Standord London, "Official Badges", Coat of Arms, July 1956, pp. 93-100).

Brian le faucheeur. Name.

Elspeth Jamieson. Name.

Nice 16th C Scots name.

Henry Fox. Device. Sable, in saltire two rapiers and in chief three fox's masks argent.

Howel Pascoe. Name and device. Or, three tuns and on a chief gules three goblets Or.

The submitter requested an authentic 12th-14th C Cornish names. However, none of the commenters were able to suggest resources for this time and place. Therefore, we are unable to say whether this name is authentic for the submitter's requested time and place.

Isobel le Bretoun. Device. Per fess counter-ermine and gules, in base an ermine dormant argent.

John Bucstan de Glonn. Blanket permission to conflict with device. Per chevron azure and gules, a fleur-de-lys and an orle Or.

The permission to conflict is for armory that has is least one countable step different (one CD) from his registered armory.

Katherine Kerr of the Hermitage. Blanket permission to conflict with name (see RETURNS for blank permission to conflict with device).

Katherine Xavier. Name and device. Per pale azure and vert, in pile three feathers conjoined at the tips argent.

This name combines English and Spanish; this is one step from period practice.

This device is clear of the badge of the Heir Apparent of England (important Non-SCA armory), (Fieldless) Three ostrich feathers in pile argent enfiling a crown Or the quills surmounting (sometimes piercing, sometimes surmounted by) a scroll argent bearing the words ICH DIEN sable. There's a CD for fieldlessness. The scroll is equivalent to a maintained charge, and worth no difference. Conflict hinges on whether the crown, too, can be considered a maintained charge. Based on the emblazon at the Prince of Wales's website, http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/abouttheprince/theprinceofwalessfeathers/, the crown is a co-primary charge. Therefore there is a second CD for changing the number of primary charges.

Southron Gaard, Barony of. Device change. Gules, a tower Or within a laurel wreath, in chief three mullets argent, all within a bordure embattled Or.

The barony's previous arms, Gules, a tower Or, the base environed of a laurel wreath, in chief three mullets argent, all within a bordure embattled Or, are released.

Southron Gaard, Barony of. Augmentation. Gules, a tower Or within a laurel wreath, in chief three mullets argent, all within a bordure embattled Or, as an augmentation on a canton azure, four crescents conjoined in saltire horns outward argent.

Wolfstanus Crakescheld. Name.

MERIDIES

Besseta Wallace. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Sable, a tree blasted and eradicated and a point pointed argent.

Submitted as Besetta, the documentation showed the name spelled Besseta. We have changed the spelling of the given name to match the documentation.

Cibella Monmouth. Device. Vert, in pale two feathers, tips crossed in saltire, and an open book Or charged with the capital letters "C" and "M" sable.

Eckhart von Eschenbach. Badge. (Fieldless) On an elf-bolt Or, a sea wolf purpure.

Eoan Johnston. Name and device. Sable, a cypress tree eradicated argent.

This name mixes Gaelic and English; this is one step from period practice.

There is a CD between a generic tree, which is assumed to be an oak tree and thus rounded, and a cypress tree, which has an elongated shape. Thus this device does not conflict with the device for Ariadne of Alyson-tara, Sable, a blasted tree voided argent. There is a CD for the shape of the tree. Ariadne's tree is sable fimbriated argent, and so there is a second CD for the tincture of the tree.

Faelan Haraldsson. Name.

This name mixes Gaelic and Old Norse; this is one step from period practice.

Francesca Tessa d'Angelo. Name and device. Gules semy of bees bendwise, on a chief Or three pomegranates gules slipped and leaved vert seeded Or.

Jocosa d'Auxerre. Badge. Per pale purpure and azure, three oak leaves within a bordure embattled Or.

Jutta de Warwick. Name and device. Azure semy of crescents argent, a phoenix Or rising from flames proper.

This name mixes German and English; this is one step from period practice.

Kynwric Gwent. Name.

This submitter requested an authentic 12th-14th C Welsh name. This is a very reasonable 13th C Welsh name.

Ma'ani al-'Attarah. Name.

Marie de Kerimure. Name and device. Per bend purpure and argent, a dragonfly argent and three broad-arrows vert.

Submitted as Marie de Kerimuire, no documentation was submitted and none found showing the spelling Kerimuire. The LoI cited Johnston, The Place-names of Scotland as the source for the spelling of the byname. However, Johnston does not show that spelling. There is a header form Kerriemore with no dated forms but with a cross-reference to the header Kirriemore. Under this header, Johnston has the forms Kerimure and Kermuir in 1229. We have changed the name to Marie de Kerimure to match the documentation.

Maudeleyn Godeliva Taillour. Badge. (Fieldless) A pair of open scissors Or.

Nice badge. We note that scissors have their points to chief by default, unlike shears which have their points to base.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Badge for the populace. Sable, a horse salient reguardant contourny between in chief two mullets argent.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Badge for the populace. Argent, on a pale between in base two mullets sable, in chief a mullet argent.

Michel von Grüningen. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, a thunderbolt counterchanged and a chief embattled gules.

Oswin de Wulferton. Name and device. Per fess embattled sable and vert, three mullets of eight points and a wolf's head cabossed, a bordure argent.

Rhiannon verch Edenevet. Device. Or, an oak tree eradicated vert and on a chief engrailed azure, a dove volant wings addorsed Or.

Þangbrandr sekr Sigfússon. Name and device. Sable, a comet within an orle Or.

Tiberius Trebatius Secundus. Name and device. Per bend gules and Or, a scorpion inverted and a sword counterchanged.

Please advise the submitter to draw the charges larger.

MIDDLE

Alanna Goodheart. Device. Per pall inverted argent, sable and gules, in pale a sun counterchanged and a heart argent.

Andiwulfs sunus Aþalamunþis. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Ása at Hrafnavatni. Name and device. Azure, three ravens rising within a bordure nebuly argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the ravens larger.

Boris Movila. Name and device. Quarterly argent and azure, two ox's heads cabossed azure.

Castell Gwent, Shire of. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) An ounce rampant reguardant tail nowed vert incensed gules sustaining a wheat stalk vert.

Registered in April 2006 with the blazon (Fieldless) A panther rampant reguardant tail nowed vert incensed gules sustaining a wheat stalk vert, the cat lacks the spots of an heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

Dulcia Wylde. Device. Azure, an acorn inverted, on a chief argent two squirrels respectant azure.

Please advise the submitter to draw the acorn larger, as befits a primary charge.

Erik Erikson the Scout. Badge. Per pale ermine and Or, on a flame gules a pheon inverted Or.

The submitter has permission to conflict with Malgar Thorvik's badge, (Fieldless) On a flame gules, a round buckle pin to chief Or.

Glortathar of the Cleftlands. Reblazon of device. Argent, a bottlenosed dolphin hauriant sable maintaining atop its nose an hourglass gules, a base wavy azure.

Registered in October 1991 with the blazon Argent, a bottlenosed dolphin hauriant sable ensigned with an hourglass gules, a base wavy azure, the location and the size of the hourglass were unclear.

Ingrid Elizabeth de Marksberry. Reblazon of device. Or, a slip of elderberry, flowered and fructed proper, and on a chief vert a ladle Or.

Registered in September 1996 with the blazon Or, a slip of elderberry, flowered and fructed proper, and on a chief vert a ladle reversed Or, the ladle's bowl is to sinister, which is the expected orientation for a fesswise ladle.

Ragnarr Arnbjornsson. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Argent, on a pale between two axes addorsed sable an owl contourny argent all within a bordure azure.

Rhieinwylydd verch Einion Llanaelhaearn. Device. Argent, on a pale endorsed sable, a lion's face argent, overall in chief three lozenges counterchanged.

Rijckaert van Utrecht. Name and device. Per fess azure and vert, a bezant and a roundel argent scaly sable.

Stephen le Freman. Name.

Tamu al-Andalusiyya. Name.

The information about the documentation provided on the LoI was not adequate. It is never sufficient to provide only a URL. While submitters may sometimes provide only this information, the job of the submissions herald is to flesh out this information to show that it supports the registration of the name. Had the commenters not supplied the missing information, we would have been forced to return this name.

Ursula Crichton. Name.

Originally submitted as Ursula_Crichton, the name was changed at kingdom to Ursula de Crichton to partially comply with the submitter's request for an authentic 13th C name. However, the submitter indicated that she would not accept major changes such as adding or removing a name element, and there was no indication on either the LoI or the forms that the submitter had agreed to the addition of the preposition. Because the submitter indicated she would not accept major changes, we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

The submitter requested an authentic 13th C name, but we have no unambiguous examples of the name Ursula in England or Scotland until the late-15th C. Talan Gwynek notes, "The earliest undoubted English example that I've found is <Ursula> 1493 (Julian Goodwyn, 'English Names from Pre-1600 Brass Inscriptions', at <http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/brasses/>)." Given this, we are unable to make the name authentic as she requested. We note that according to Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Crichton, that de Crichton is found in 1248. If the submitter is interested in an authentic 13th C name, we suggest combining the byname de Crichton with an attested 13th C Scottish name. Talan Gwynek, "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/scottishfem) contains a number of names from the 13th C.

NORTHSHIELD

Berenice of Coldedernhale. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Per chevron argent and vert, two equal-armed Celtic crosses and a cat statant guardant counterchanged.

Whether or not the arms of an equal-armed Celtic cross are drawn potent is artistic license.

Submitted under the name Berenice Calvina.

Cassius Drusus. Name and device. Sable, a chevron rompu and in base a scorpion inverted Or.

The submitter requested a name authentic for Roman language/culture, but the request was not mentioned on the LoI. Had the name not already been substantially authentic for the language/culture requested by the submitter, we would have been forced to pend this for further commentary.

Gabriella da Milano. Device. Per pale Or and azure, three roses in pale counterchanged.

Gwenhwyvar filia Rys de Ludlow. Name.

Ja'ida al-Zarqa' al-Magribiyya. Name.

James de Hagethorn. Device. Per pale embattled argent and sable, two axes counterchanged.

Kalman Ragnarsson Tindssonar. Name.

Northshield, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Griffin and Sword and badge association. (Fieldless) In fess a sword sustained by a griffin sable.

OUTLANDS

Ella Anne de Kari. Device. Per chevron throughout azure gouty d'eau and argent, in base a seeblatt purpure.

Elspeth of Tyvidale. Name and device. Argent, a badger rampant contourny and a chief embattled gules.

Blazoned on the LoI as a chief, the majority of the commenters noted that the chief is embattled, thus this need not be pended for further conflict checking.

Nicely drawn armory.

Eoin Gallda mac Néill. Name.

Submitted as Eoin Gallda MacNéill, literal patronymics in Gaelic have the particle in all lowercase and separated from the patronym by a space. We have changed the name to Eoin Gallda mac_Néill to comply with period practice.

Oliver Mordrake. Name and device. Per saltire gules and Or, four dragonflies in cross tails to center counterchanged.

There was some question whether the name Mordrake was registerable. Wreath found an example of this surname on ancestry.com. While this is a genealogy website, it uses some of the same resources that the College of Arms considers to be acceptable for documenting names for registration. In this case, the source for the name is Wills Proved in the Consistory Court of Norwich and now Preserved in the District Probate Registry at Norwich, 1370 to 1550, which is a reputable source published by the Norfolk Record Society. Given this, we will accept this as an attested period surname.

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Heraldic title Dredde Naught Herald Extraordinary (see RETURNS for other title).

There was some question whether this title was obtrusively modern, given the modern type of ship known as the dreadnaught. However, we believe this is not the case. Liber notes:

According to the Royal Navy website (<http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3912>), the famous Dreadnought of 1906 was named after the ship of the line which fought at Trafalgar. According to the wikipedia article (<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Dreadnought>), the first HMS Dreadnought was commissioned in period (during the 1400's). A second was also commissioned in period (1573). The series of ships were named such purportedly after the motto 'Dread Naught' i.e.- fear nothing, but God.

As such, it is a well-known and attested motto type name found in period. We believe that the word dreadnought is not so instantly recognizable to a large part of the SCA population as to make it intrusively modern, although we will concede that it might give those who are familiar with the word a moment of pause.

Pádraig Ó Súileabháin. Name.

Sekimura no Minamoto Akiranaga. Device. Sable, an equal-armed Celtic cross between three horses courant contourny in annulo within a bordure argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the bordure wider. Whether or not the arms of an equal-armed Celtic cross are drawn potent is artistic license.

Simon Montgumery. Badge. (Fieldless) A boar rampant gules crusilly argent.

Nice badge.

TRIMARIS

Alessandra Volpe. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Nice 15th C Tuscan name!

Angelline la chaeniere de Murat. Name.

Aude de la fontainne. Device. Per bend vert and purpure, a tyger salient and two rapiers in saltire Or.

Brighid ní Chaillín of the Moors. Device change. Quarterly purpure and gules, a natural seahorse argent ducally gorged Or and a bordure embattled argent.

The submitter is a duchess and thus entitled to display a ducal coronet. Her previous device, Quarterly purpure and gules, a bordure embattled argent, is retained as a badge.

Celine Alexandria. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Decimus Aurelius Gracchus. Device. Argent, a crab inverted azure sustaining a trident fesswise reversed sable and a chief azure.

Eadain inghean Ruadháin. Name and device. Argent, a thistle proper issuant from a point pointed, a chief invected purpure.

Please advise the submitter to double the number of invections on the chief.

Edwardus the Wise. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Elianora Feverel. Device. Gules, a chevron rayonny to base argent between three gouttes d'eau one and two and a heron rising Or.

The use of a chevron rayonny only on the lower edge is a step from period practice.

It was suggested that this be reblazoned as Per chevron gules and argent, in chief three gouttes d'eau and on a point pointed rayonny gules, a heron rising wings elevated and addorsed Or. However, that would cause the device to be returned for using two complex lines of division on a single charge. A point pointed rayonny is no more acceptable that a chief triangular rayonny is. In addition, the proposed blazon does not match the emblazon.

Lucas Colbert. Name and device. Per pale azure and sable, a crab argent.

Nice 13th C English name.

This submission generated a lot of commentary on the difference (or lack thereof) between a crab, a lobster, and a scorpion. Research by Black Stag and Batonvert indicates that in some areas, such as France, Flanders, and Germany, there is little or no difference in the depiction of crabs and lobsters or between scorpions and lobsters. In other areas, such as England and Italy, there is clearly a difference between the way a crab and a lobster is depicted. Unfortunately, the SCA College of Arms - unlike period Colleges of Arms - covers a diverse region geographically (and chronologically). Given the evidence supplied, we find that no difference can be granted between a crab and a lobster. We are also upholding the precedent that grants no difference between a lobster and a scorpion (q.v.,Robert of Aroe, 06/1992). The period examples we have found with crabs that look like lobsters show a straight, often flared, tail. The period examples we have of scorpions all have curved tails. Conflict is not transitive, and as we are aware of only a single SCA-registration of a scorpion with a straight tail, we will grant a CD between a crab and the standard SCA-depiction of a scorpion with its curved tail. Thus this device is clear of the device of Allyn O'Dubhda, Purpure, a scorpion argent. There is a CD for changes to the field, and another for the difference between a crab and a scorpion.

Philippe d'Artaignan. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Quentin Sprecher. Device. Per fess argent and sable, two crosses formy gules and a bear passant guardant to sinister argent.

Robert mac Uisdein. Name and device. Argent, on a chevron azure between three towers vert three roses slipped and leaved Or.

This name mixes English or Scots and Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

Sebastian Halyburton. Device change. Quarterly sable and argent, a griffin segreant to sinister gorged of a pearled coronet within a bordure counterchanged.

The submitter is a court baron and thus entitled to display a pearled coronet. His previous device, Quarterly sable and argent, a griffin segreant to sinister within a bordure counterchanged, is released.

Þórunn Vígadóttir. Badge. Per saltire gules and azure, on a sun Or a crane in its vigilance contourny azure within a bordure Or.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. Azure, in pall three horse's heads conjoined at the neck argent charged with a triskele azure.

Please advise the kingdom that internal detailing on the horse's heads will aid in their identification.

Turold Dunstan Arminger. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Originally submitted as Turold Dunstan Arminger, the name was changed at kingdom to Turold Dunstan Armiger. No mention was made on the LoI of this change, so we do not know why it was made. Bardsley, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Armiger, lists a Jeffry Arminger in the Calendar of Proceedings in Chancery from the time of Elizabeth I. Given this, we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

Wilhelm von Meissen genannt Frawenlop. Alternate name Wilhelm Benedicti.

Submitted as Wilhelm Benedictus, the byname is in the nominative form. For Latinized patronymics, the byname must follow patterns of Latin grammar. In this case, the expected case is the genitive case; we have changed the name to Wilhelm Benedicti to correct the grammar.

Yuan Yang. Device. Per pall inverted azure, gules and Or, an Oriental dragon tergiant embowed-counterembowed argent.

WEST

Aeschine Mackintosh of Bannockburn. Name change from holding name Andrea of Wolfscairn.

Anna Zen. Name.

Nice 14th C Venetian name!

Ayloara de Meddestane. Device. Sable, in base a sun in its splendour, flaunches Or.

Please advise the submitter that the flaunches should issue from the top corner of the shield, not slightly below as emblazoned in this submission.

Blaxio Zen. Name.

Nice 14th C Venetian name!

Catherine Holcombe of Arden. Name and device. Per chevron Or and azure, three roses one and two proper and a garb Or, a chief invected vert.

The submitter requested an authentic 12th-13th C English name and accepted minor changes only. The name is registerable as submitted, but not authentic for the requested time period. While the submitted spellings can all be found in 12th-13th C English, or are derivable spellings from period forms, we cannot change the naming pattern without making major changes. In particular, the pattern [given + inherited surname + of placename] is unlikely for that time period. While one person might use de Holcombe and de Arden alternatively, it is unlikely that both elements would be found in a single name before the 14th C. Given this, we are unable to make the name authentic as requested.

Iohannes ap Robert Meuryk. Name.

Konstantin Drozdenskii Rumiantsevits. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent mulletty counterchanged, a decrescent gules.

Meadhbh inghean mhic Fhirléighinn. Device. Quarterly sable and purpure, a bee bendwise sinister argent.

Richard of Ardgour. Name.

There was some question whether the placename Ardgour was found in period. Johnston, The Place-names of Scotland, 2nd edition, s.n. Ardgour, has Ardgour in 1483.

Thelic of Darktide. Reblazon of device. Quarterly Or and argent, an ounce's head erased sable, incensed gules.

Registered in April 1991 with the blazon Quarterly Or and argent, a panther's head erased sable, incensed gules, the cat lacks the spots of an heraldic panther. Please see the November 2006 Cover Letter for a discussion on the difference between English, Continental, and natural panthers.

West, Kingdom of the. Reblazon of badge for Office of the Order of the Wooden Spoon. Vert, a wooden spoon proper.

Registered in January 1980 with the blazon Vert, a wooden spoon inverted proper, this matches the default orientation specified in the Glossary of Terms, palewise, affronty, bowl to chief. We have corrected the blazon.

- Explicit littera accipendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Artemius Le Chaenier. Name.

This name is two steps from period practice. First, it mixes a Frankish given name with an French byname. Second, there is a more than 700 year gap between the late 6th C date for the given name and the late 13th C date for the byname. As we were unable to find either a later date for the given name or an earlier date for the byname, we are forced to return this name. Given the 6th C date and apparent Latin origin of the given name, we would suggest finding a Latin byname with the desired meaning.

His armory was registered under the holding name Artemius of Hunters Home.

Cormac O'Gadhra. Device. Per chevron sable and vert, a decrescent and a lion dormant argent, a bordure ermine.

This device is returned, as the charges are not clearly co-primary or clearly a primary and secondary charge. If the lion were the sole primary, we would expect it to lie on both portions of the field. If the charges are co-primary, the decrescent should be drawn larger, which is not possible with the bordure and the steeply drawn per chevron line of division. We believe that the problem would be ameliorated if there were two charges in chief, not just one.

William de Duglas. Name.

Conflict with William O. Douglas, U.S. Supreme Court Judge from 1939 through 1974. He was the longest serving justice, and holds the record for most opinions written. He is the Justice who first wrote about a constitutional right to privacy, which is a central part of Roe v Wade (and many other cases). As such, he is an major shaper of current thought in the American legal system. In this capacity, he is important enough to protect.

AN TIR

Arion the Wanderer. Device (see PENDS for badge). Azure, a triskelion of dolphins argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Caitilin inghean Eoin, Azure, in pall three natural dolphins embowed tails to center within a bordure argent. There is a single CD for removing the bordure. This also conflicts with the badge for Order of the Triskele of Trimaris, Azure, a triskele argent. There is a significant difference, or CD, between a triskele and a triskelion of dolphins but not a substantial (X.2) difference.

This device does not conflict with the badge for the Order of the Dolphin of Caid, Azure, a dolphin embowed uriant to sinister argent. There is a CD for changing the number of dolphins. As none of Arion's dolphins are uriant, there is also a CD for posture.

The combination of the name Arion with a dolphin is not presumptuous. A single reference to a god or saint has not been considered presumptuous since August 1992. We see no reason why a single allusion to a legendary hero should be treated any differently than a single allusion to a god or saint.

Brian MacDonald. Name.

Aural conflict with Bran mac Domnhail, registered March 1989.

Karin Ollesdotter av Augvaldsnes. Badge. (Fieldless) In fess a whistling arrow inverted vert sustained by a seahorse gules.

This badge is returned for lack of documentation of the whistling arrow. This would be the defining instance of a whistling arrow; we've been given no evidence that they're period at all, let alone known to period Europeans. Without such evidence, the charge can't be registered.

ANSTEORRA

None.

ARTEMISIA

Alessandra Gianetta da Siena. Device. Azure, on a pile argent three cinquefoils azure.

Unfortunately, this device must be returned for conflict with the device of Eleanora Valentina Beota, Azure, on a pile ployé argent a hummingbird rising, wings elevated and addorsed vert. There is a CD for the changes to the tertiary charges, but there's no difference for making the sides of the pile concave.

Sofi Crabbe. Device. Per bend sinister azure and argent fretty azure, a daisy proper.

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Marion le Red, Per fess argent fretty and azure, in base a daisy proper. There is a CD for the changes to the field. However, the location of the daisy and the fretty on the field is forced by the changed tinctures of the field, and thus isn't worth difference by RfS X.4.g. The azure fretty cannot overlie any of the azure portion of the field. Nor can a daisy proper (or argent) be placed on (or significantly on, such as half on) the argent (fretty azure) field. It really would be argent on argent.

Toirdhealbhach Bodhar. Device. Gules, on a fess sable fimbriated a sun argent eclipsed sable.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Arik Alton, Gules, on a fess sable fimbriated Or a bezant. There is one CD for the changes to the tertiary charge and none for the tincture of the fimbriation.

This is also returned for violated RfS VIII.1.c.ii - Layer Limit. A sun eclipsed is simply a sun charged with a roundel. As such, a sun eclipsed may not be used as a tertiary charge, since the roundel becomes a quaternary charge.

Uilliam MacAindriú. Badge. (Fieldless) An urchin couchant contourny sable.

This badge is returned for redrawing as the urchin is depicted in trian aspect.

ATENVELDT

Aylwin Wyllowe. Badge. (Fieldless) Three triquetras one and two conjoined vert.

This badge is returned for violating our long-standing ban on Celtic knotwork ("Knotwork is not, by and large, heraldic." Karina of the Far West, July, 1979). Individual triquetras are acceptable charges, but when conjoined as they are here, the interlacing combines visually into a single, complex knotwork pattern that is neither identifiable nor particularly heraldic.

Aziza al-Labu'a bint Ibrahim ibn Rashid al-Rahhala. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion couchant argent charged upon the shoulder with a decrescent gules.

This badge was withdrawn by the submitter.

Osric of Blakwode. Name. Or, a pall inverted voided sable between two dragons combatant and a third dormant gules.

This name is two steps from period practice. First, it combines the Old English Osric with the Middle English Blakwode. Second, there is a more than 300 year gap between the latest date we have found for Osric (950 according to charter S 552a in Sean Miller's "Anglo-Saxon Charters" (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=show&page=Charters) and the earliest date we found a form of the byname (Ekwall, The Oxford Dictionary of English Placenames, has Blakwod in 1280). While the name does appear in Shakespeare's Hamlet, this play was not published until after 1600, nor was evidence found that it was performed before that 1600. This makes the name Osric unregisterable as a literary name from that play.

His armory was registered under the holding name Osric of Atenveldt.

Robert Lyons. Name.

Conflict with Robert Delion, registered July, 2000. Lion and Lyons are too close in sound and appearance; in this case, the preposition de does not count for difference.

His device was registered under the holding name Robert of Tir Ysgithr.

Sechen Doghshin-Unegen. Device. Per fess sable and azure, a mermaid per fess Or and argent, in chief two pitchers fesswise, their bases to center, each distilling a gout Or, a bordure erminois.

This device is returned for excessive complexity in violation of RfS VIII.1 (Armorial Simplicity). This has a complexity count of nine with five tinctures (sable, azure, Or, argent, erminois) and four charges (mermaid, pitchers, gouts, bordure). The design is not a classic heraldic motif that might let us override the rule of thumb that requires a complexity count of eight or less.

Zedena Chovat se mazaný. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to support a Czech surname consisting of multiple words. Further, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that a surname with a literal meaning "sly" or "like a fox" (the intended meaning of the submitted surname) is consistent with Czech naming practice. Barring such documentation, this byname is not registerable. There is evidence that Czech family names were formed based on animal names. If the submitter is interested in a Czech surname meaning "little fox" or, possibly, "vixen", we suggest Lyschka. Walraven van Nijmegen notes:

Polish for "vixen" is [lisica] or [liszka]. Schwarz ([Schwarz, Ernst. Sudetendeutsche Familiennamen des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts])has a header for [Lischka], with a 1555 citation for "Petrus Lyschka" from Bohemia.

There was some question about whether the name Zedena was a period Czech name. While it is clear that some form of this name was used in Bohemian in period, we do not know whether this is such a form. It is, however, found in Germany (in Saxony, to be precise) in the early 16th C. A book published in Leipzig in 1503 bears the title Das buch, geistlicher gnaden, offenbarunge wunderliches unde beschaulichen lebens, der heiligenn jungfrawen, Mechtildis und Gertrudis ... uff begere und anregunge, der hochgebornen furstin und frawen, Zedena, herczogin czu Sachssen ... vordeutzscht vnd gedruckt (essentially "The book of the spiritual graces and remarkable revelations, the tranquil lives of the holy maidens Mechtilde and Gertrude -- (in honor and dedicated to) the highborn princess and lady, Zedana, Duchess of Saxony.").

Her device was registered under the holding name Zedena of Tir Ysgithr.

ATLANTIA

Aislinn Blackburn. Name.

This name is two steps from period practice. First, it uses an SCA-compatible Gaelic name, Aislinn. Second, it combines Gaelic and English in the same name. While the element Blackburn is the registered name of her husband, precedent concerning the grandfather clause says that, for purposes of registration, the new registration cannot create problems not already present in the already registered form. Since her husband's name is in a single language, we cannot overlook this problem here. If the submitter were to combine a Gaelic name documented in late period with the name Blackburn, such a name would be registerable -- such a combination would be a single step from period practice. There is also a similar sounding Latin form of an Old French name, Ascelina or Acelina; both spellings are dated to 1195 in Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/reaney.cgi?Acelina). We would change the name to this form in order to register it, but the submitter will not accept major changes such as the changing of a language.

Her device was registered under the holding name Aislinn of Tir-y-Don.

Layla al-Mua'llima. Name.

The word Mu'allima is an SCA alternative Arabic title for bestowed peerages for women (Mistress). As such, it cannot be registered as a byname.

CAID

William Leonard. Device. Quarterly purpure and vert, a lion's head erased Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Alphia Biraz-pars, Sable, a natural leopard's head couped Or marked sable. There is a CD for changes to the field, but nothing for the difference between the cat's heads or for erased versus couped.

CALONTIR

Allesandra Giovanna di Cavalieri. Name.

The byname di Cavalieri has the literal meaning of "of Knights". Cavaliere is on the list of alternative titles as an Italian title for knight. While we typically interpret such bynames to mean "(daughter or son) of (object)", it is unclear that this is how it is understood by medieval Italians. Because it can be interpreted as a claim to rank, this byname is not registerable.

Her arms were registered under the holding name Alessandra of Crystal Mynes.

Balin Kendrick. Badge. (Fieldless) A candle azure flamed and haloed Or.

This badge is returned for lack of identifiability; as drawn, the presence of the halo fatally obscures the identity of the candle. This design is not registerable without evidence that it was used in period heraldry. Dropping the halo would leave an acceptable badge, barring conflict.

Caelainn ingen Chainnig. Device. Or, a pale wavy barry ermine, vert, argent, and purpure between two fountains.

This device must be returned, as it does not appear to be compatible with period armorial style. Multiply divided armorial elements (fields or charges) using two tinctures are quite common in the heraldry of almost all times and places, but multiply divided elements of more than two tinctures are extremely rare. This submission does not seem to have similar armorial style to the few period examples using multiply divided elements of more than two tinctures which were presented in the discussion on this submission.

The only examples of multiply divided armorial elements of more than two tinctures which were presented in the commentary on this submission were primarily from one heraldic book - Stemmario Trivulziano, from Milan in the second half of the 15th C. This book includes a large number of pieces of armory with armorial elements which are multiply divided in the standard two tinctures. It has a small but significant number of devices using fields which are entirely, or in part, multiply divided of three tinctures - about 12 pieces out of about 2000 coats of arms, so, less than 1%. None of those pieces of armory have similar armorial style to this submission. All of them use a multiply divided field of three tinctures, not a plain field as here. The only multiply divided charge of three tinctures accompanies a multiply divided field of three tinctures and is not a primary ordinary: A bordure compony of three tinctures on armory with a field of per pale and chevronelly of the same three tinctures.

Trivulziano does have a single example using an element which is multiply divided of four tinctures: di Scarognini on p.334: Per bend gules and sable, a bend chevronelly inverted argent, Or, gules and sable (eight traits), fimbriated argent, and a chief of the Empire (e.g. a chief Or charged with a crowned displayed eagle sable, used by the Holy Roman Empire.) While that armory does use a primary ordinary which is multiply divided of four tinctures, its armorial style is very different. Even disregarding the chief of the empire, this submission uses a pale wavy which is barry of four tinctures, while di Scarognini has a different ordinary, a different line of partition on the ordinary, a different sort of multiple division on the ordinary, and different tinctures (only one similar tincture of four). This submission has a plain field while di Scarognini has a divided field, and this submission has no fimbriation while di Scarognini includes fimbriation.

The examples from Trivuziano do not match the style of the submitted device and thus cannot be used to demonstrate that the submitted device does follow period heraldic style.

In addition, Batonvert noted "Siebmacher also gives an example of a multi-colored, three-colored field: the arms of Hohenegk (pl.35), Checky sable, argent, sable and gules, a canton Or." Again, this is a single sample that does not match the style of the submitted device.

David de Brygenhall. Device. Per bend sinister erminois and pean, on a chief indented vert three crosses potent Or.

This device is returned for redraw of the line of division. When a chief is present, the per bend sinister line should issue from the corner where the chief meets the field, not the corner of the shield as in this depiction.

Einarr Grímsson and Jacqueline de Meux. Joint household name House of the Amethyst Tower.

This name does not follow period patterns for organized groups of people. The submitters argue that gem names, such as amethyst, are found used as color names in period, and cite examples from late period heraldic manuals of gem names used in blazonry. However, this does not demonstrate that the gem names were used in ordinary naming practice anymore than the regular heraldic tinctures were so used. Barring documentation showing gem names used for as a normal color descriptive outside of blazonry, and for amethyst in particular in this context, this name is not registerable. We would change the name to House of the Purple Tower, but the submitter will not accept changes.

Giudo di Niccolo Brunelleschi. Badge. (Fieldless) A belt in annulo sable garnished Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device for Conrad Breakring, Argent, an annulet fracted on the dexter side sable. There is no difference between an annulet and a garter, nor between a fracted annulet and a garter. This does not conflict with the badge for Jonathan Blackshaft, (Fieldless) A garter sable charged with the letters N.A.G.S. Or. There is a CD for fieldlessness and another for removing the tertiary letters. As with a book, a few letters on a garter are considered tertiary charges.

Blazoned on the LoI as (Fieldless) A belt in annulo bendwise sable tipped and buckled Or, the location of the dangling bit of the garter is artistic license.

Marion Baggeputz. Device. Per pale rayonny vert and purpure, an Irish harp Or and a pink flamingo statant with dexter leg raised proper.

This is returned for having color on color. While pink for a Caucasian human is considered equivalent to argent, flamingo pink is much darker and is considered a color. When registering Jeanette Seurat d'Avignon's device, Argent, two pink flamingos statant respectant proper, on a chief azure a sun in splendour Or, in April 1989 Laurel noted:

Note that the plumage of the birds is "flamingo pink" and therefore has good contrast with the field: reblazoning it as simple "gules" would confuse the issue since many artists would depict all portions of the bird, including the beak and limbs, as flaming red.

This submission is also "flamingo pink" and therefore lacks contrast with the field; it would have good contrast with a metallic field.

In April 1985 (q.v., Cherie Ruadh MhicRath of Locksley) Laurel ruled, "The color of a flamingo's feathers is apparently dependent on its diet, so there really is no 'proper' color." This has been interpreted to mean that flamingos proper could not be registered; however, pink flamingos proper have been registered since that time, including as recently as April 2006. The 1985 precedent is hereby overturned; a pink flamingo proper is registerable. It is dark pink while the tincture of its beak and legs are treated as artistic license. Its tincture is a color, not a metal.

Maximillian Johann von Kleve. Device. Gyronny sable and argent, a cross formy counterchanged, a bordure gules.

This device is returned as the counterchanging makes it too difficult to identify the primary charge. Precedent notes that, in general, charges should not be counterchanged over a gyronny fields. In some cases, a single, simple charge (such as a lozenge) has been ruled simple enough for such counterchanging (q.v., John Michael Midwinter, 10/00, A-Atenveldt]. However, Laurel has previously ruled that a saltire cannot be counterchanged over a gyronny field:

[Gyronny vert and Or, a saltire counterchanged] The combination of the gyronny field and the saltire is very visually confusing. Each arm of the saltire is counterchanged along its long axis, which generally hampers identifiability. Because each piece of the counterchanged saltire is similar in size to the pieces of the gyronny field which show between the arms of the saltire, it is difficult to distinguish which parts of the emblazon belong to the charge, and which belong to the field. This design also does not appear to be period style. Absent documentation for the design of a cross or saltire, as an ordinary, counterchanged on a gyronny field in period, this must be returned. [Wilhelm von Düsseldorf, 01/02, R-West]

In this case, the lines of division almost line up with the angles of the cross's arms. This further adds to the apparent complexity of the design and hinders the identification of the cross.

This device does not conflict with the device of Marke von Mainz, Gyronny argent and sable, a cross moline and a bordure gules. There is a CD for changing the tincture of the cross and another for the difference between a cross formy and a cross moline.

Séamus mac Muireadhaigh. Name.

Aural conflict with Seamus Mac Murchada, registered October 1997. Rowel provided commentary that included Anglicized Irish forms from the end of our period. As these forms were often phonetic renderings of the Gaelic names at the time, they can give us some indication of Gaelic pronunciation at that time:

Here are the period forms shown in Woulfe (I've pulled both Mac and Ó forms to give us a broader source for comparison).

------------------------------------------------

p. 393 s.n. Mac Muiread.aig. (Mac Muireadhaigh)

M'Murrey

M'Morrye

p. 394 s.n. Mac M.uiread.aig. (Mac Mhuireadhaigh)

M'Murrie

M'Murry

p. 621 s.n. Ó Muiread.aig. (Ó Muireadhaigh)

O Murrey

O Murry

O Murrihy

------------------------------------------------

p. 394 s.n. Mac Murc.ad.a (Mac Murchadha)

M'Murroghowe

M'Moroghoe

M'Murphewe

p. 622 s.n. Ó Murc.ad.a (Ó Murchadha)

O Morchowe

O Moroghoe

O Morphy

------------------------------------------------

So, both show <Mu-> and <Mo-> spellings. So, that syllable should get no difference. In general, the forms show \ee\ sound for the final syllable for <Muireadhaigh> and \oh\ sounds for <Murchada>. But we've got a <Morphy> example for <Murchada> also.

The examples of <Muireadhaigh> show 2 syllables in 6 examples and 3 syllables in 1 example. The examples of <Murchada> are split evenly between 2 syllables and 3 syllables.

In the three syllable example of <Muireadhaigh>, the final consonant sound is an h. Of the 3 syllable examples of <Murchada>, all final consonant sounds are represented by gh. From my understanding, a gh sound is more of a very hard h sound than a hard g sound. If I'm correct in this understanding, the h and gh sounds are similar enough that they should grant no difference.

Based on this information, the pronunciation of these two bynames are too similar, and so conflict.

His device was registered under the holding name Séamus of Amlesmore.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EAST

Deroch the Wine Trader. Name.

The byname the Wine Trader was proposed as a lingua anglica translation of the 13th C French bynames bufetier and vinetier. However, there are several problems with this translation. First, it is not a standard translation for either of these words; the more usual translations are "wine merchant" or "wine seller". Second, the attested period meanings of the word trader do not support this translation. The first date for the word in the OED is 1585. We have found no examples in period where the word trader is compounded with any occupation. We would change the name to Deroch the Wine Merchant or Deroch the Wine Seller, but we believe this is contrary to the submitter's wishes. She has checked the box indicating she would not accept minor changes, although she has not checked the box indicating she will not accept major changes. Given this combination, though, we must believe that she will not accept changes.

Her device was registered under the holding name Deroch of Northern Outpost

Lourenço Coelho. Household name Casa do Buraco.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that this household name, which follows the pattern [house] + [of topographic feature], follows a pattern used in Portuguese for naming organized groups of people. Even if the submitter had demonstrated the pattern [house] + [inherited surname], no documentation was provided that do Buraco is a reasonable Portuguese surname. Barring documentation such documentation, this household name is not registerable.

GLEANN ABHANN

Amelia Van Hemessen. Device. Argent, a chevron vert between two columbines proper and a butterfly azure.

This device is returned as there is no proper defined for a columbine nor are the alternating blue and white petals a blazonable combination. We note that a columbine is a period heraldic charge; it appears in the arms of the Worshipful Company of Cooks in 1467. For those who are curious, the columbines in those arms were azure.

Asha Devi. Name.

This name violates RfS VI.1 "Names Claiming Rank. - Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous. " According to Lisa Darcy, Rajput Women's Names, Asha is a 16th C woman's name. However, according to the same article devi (or, when used as a theme -devi) means "goddess; used for royalty." Therefore, this name is a presumptuous claim to be royalty.

Her device was registered under the holding name Asha of Grey Niche.

Caron of Pinewood. Badge. (Fieldless) A horse's head couped argent.

Unfortunately, this must be returned for conflict with Aonghais Dubh MacTarbh's badge for Clan Creachainn, Per pale argent and sable, a horse's head couped argent, crined of flames and incensed proper, issuant from a ducal crown Or fimbriated sable, which is reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. There is a CD for fieldlessness. The crown is a maintained charge and not worth a CD. Nor is the tincture of the mane worth a CD.

James Guy of Bothwell. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion's head cabossed argent.

This badge conflicts with the device of Victoria Faline Dubonnet, Tierced per pall azure, gules and Or, a lion's head cabossed argent; there is a single CD for fieldlessness. The badge also conflicts with the device of Alonzio of the Peacemakers, Gyronny Or and gules, a white tiger's head caboshed proper. [Felix tigris]. There is a CD for fieldlessness, but that is the only CD. There is no difference granted for the type of feline's head, nor do the markings on a tiger contribute to a difference in tincture.

LOCHAC

Katherine Kerr of the Hermitage. Blanket permission to conflict with device. Per fess and per pale embattled argent and sable, in bend two boarhound's heads couped close and in bend sinister two towers palewise all counterchanged.

As her device was returned on the September 2006 LoAR, the blanket permission to conflict with that device must also be returned.

MERIDIES

Besseta Wallace. Badge. (Fieldless) A tree blasted and eradicated per chevron argent and sable.

This badge must be returned as, at any distance, the line of division appears to be per fess rather than per chevron. Precedent states:

[A sword per chevron] "A long skinny charge may not be divided per chevron in this manner. The line of division is not identifiable, thus falling afoul of RfS VII.7.a." (5/92 p.24).

This precedent dealt with a fieldless badge. On a field divided per chevron, it is possible to tell the line of division because of the field; on a fieldless badge there is no other indication the line of division is angled rather than horizontal. A long skinny object, which includes a tree trunk, may not be divided per chevron on a fieldless badge.

MIDDLE

Andiwulfs sunus Aþalamunþis. Device. Per chevron inverted sable and argent, a wolf's head cabossed argent and three wolves' teeth issuant from base gules.

This device is returned in accordance with the precedent "We know of no examples of wolf's teeth issuant from anywhere but from dexter or sinister, nor do we have any examples of them being used singly. We must therefore return the device pending documentation of this use of wolf's teeth." (q.v. Temur Arslan, 02/2000). We still have no evidence of wolf's teeth issuing from anywhere but from dexter or sinister.

Ragnarr Arnbjornsson. Household name Household of Uglugarðr.

While the parts used to construct this household name were documented as Icelandic, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the etymology provided, "House of a man named Uglu" was accurate. No evidence of Uglu or Ugla as a given name was provided on the LoI or found by the commenters, and no documentation for Norse or Icelandic household names of using the pattern [animal] + [stronghold] was provided. Barring documentation for either Uglu or Ugla as a given name or for the pattern [animal] + [stronghold] in Norse names for organized groups of people, this name is not registerable.

NORTHSHIELD

Arianwen Teague. Device. Vert, a pile throughout Or and overall on a chevron three lozenges all counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Theodore the Emerald, Vert, on a chevron Or three brilliant cut emeralds seen from above proper. Another valid blazon for the submitted device is Vert, on a chevron Or three lozenges, overall a pile throughout all counterchanged, which make the conflict somewhat clearer. There is a CD for adding the overall pile. Arianwen's chevron is two-thirds Or, thus there is not a CD for changing its tincture. As there is an overall charge, two changes are needed to the tertiary charges for a CD under RfS X.4.j. However, there is only one such change (the type of tertiary charge), as changing the tincture of one of the three charges is not considered visually significant.

We leave open the question of whether this is excessive counterchanging. If a similar design is resubmitted, we recommend that evidence of this type of counterchanging in period heraldry be provided.

Fearghus mac Ronain. Device (see PENDS for name). Argent, a fish hauriant contourny sable and a base wavy azure.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Glortathar of the Cleftlends, Argent, a bottlenosed dolphin hauriant sable maintaining on its nose an hourglass gules, a base wavy azure, which is reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for adding the base but nothing for removing the maintained hourglass. There is no difference between a generic fish and a natural dolphin, and this fish so nearly symmetric that we cannot give difference for haurient vs. haurient contourny in this case.

Taran MacThamhais. Name and device. Per fess urdy azure and argent, two chalices and a brilliant-cut gemstone in profile counterchanged.

The spelling MacThamhais is a modern Gaelic spelling. As such it is not registerable. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MacTavish, shows a Latin form of this patronymic as M'Thamais in 1355. We would change the spelling to that form, but the submitter will not allow major changes such as changing the language of an element.

The device is returned for non-period style. Blazoned on the LoI as a set cut gemstone, the charge in base appears rather to be a brilliant cut gemstone. Our rules (RfS VII.3) allow artifiacts known in the period and domain of the Society to be registered as armorial elements provided they are depicted in their period forms. The brilliant cut, being developed in the 17th Century, is post-period and not registerable.

The other problem is that the gemstone is in profile. Batonvert noted: "However, be it known that my sole example in period heraldry of a gemstone used as an independent charge (i.e., not attached to a ring or other piece of jewelry), in the civic arms of Beihlstein (Siebmacher 226), shows the gem from above, not in profile. A set gem would be likewise seen from above. Neither in its natural setting (as it were) nor in heraldry would a gemstone be seen in profile. Granted that we've registered gemstones in profile once before (in the arms of Theresa Yolanda Cabeza de Vaca, April 2005), it remains a poor practice, and I see no reason to perpetuate it." Theresa's device was blazoned Argent, two chevronels braced and on a chief rayonny sable three faceted gemstones in profile argent. However, she also submitted documentation showing that style of gem cut (with a flat top, or table, with eight supplementary facets) was developed in 1380. No such documentation has been adduced here.

A non-period cut for a gemstone is not registerable. Depicting a gemstone in profile is a step from period practice.

OUTLANDS

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Heraldic title Castel Herald.

Aural conflict with the medieval Kingdom of Castile. The main difference of pronunciation is in the second vowel sound. This is not enough to clear conflict.

Thyræ úlfr. Device. Per pale vert and sable, a wolf statant argent, a chief embattled Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Gabriel Rene Antoine du Renard, Azure, a fox passant argent grasping in its sinister forepaw a hunting horn, bell to sinister, and a chief embattled Or and with his badge, Azure, a fox passant argent maintaining in its dexter forepaw a spiral hunting horn palewise reversed, slung over its shoulder, and a chief embattled Or, both reblazoned in this letter. In both cases there is a CD for changes to the field but nothing for removing the maintained hunting horn and nothing for changing the type of canine.

TRIMARIS

Alessandra Volpe. Device. Quarterly gules and checky sable and argent, a fox rampant Or.

Unfortunately, this device must be returned for conflict with Ana Moonstar, Azure, a wolf rampant reguardant Or, maintaining in its teeth a mullet of eight points argent, standing upon a moon in her plenitude per pale argent and sable. There's a CD for the field; however, that is the only difference. There is not a CD between a fox and wolf, nothing for making the beast reguardant, and nothing for the maintained mullet. And as noted in the March 2006 LoAR (q.v., Elric Strangulf), "Checking Ana's emblazon, her moon is the equivalent of a maintained charge; thus there is not a CD for removing it."

Celine Alexandria. Device. Argent, a palm tree proper and in chief an eye argent, pupilled azure.

This device is returned for lack of contrast. Blazoned on the LoI as an eye azure, the eye is in fact an eye argent, pupilled azure. Thus the eye is primarily argent on argent.

This does not conflict with the arms of O'Connor Don (important non-SCA arms), Argent, a tree eradicated vert. There is a CD between a palm tree and a standard tree, which is rounded. There is another CD for adding the eye.

Edwardus the Wise. Device. Argent, a bend embattled counter-embattled between two natural salamanders tergiant sable spotted gules.

This is returned for violating the rule of tincture by having gules spots on the sable salamander. We note that spots aren't part of the definition of a natural salamander and so they must be considered tertiary charges.

Philippe d'Artaignan. Device. Azure, a wolf sustaining a fleur-de-lys argent and in chief a label Or.

This device was a resubmission; the original submission was returned on the February 2006 LoAR with the comment:

This device is returned for redraw. The fleur-de-lys was originally blazoned as sustained; however, the wolf and the fleur-de-lys are not touching. The fleur-de-lys and the wolf are not clearly in bend nor clearly in fess; they need to be clearly drawn in one of these arrangements. The fleur-de-lys is heavily outlined and thus appears to be fimbriated sable. A fleur-de-lys is too complex to fimbriate.

The fleur-de-lys no longer appears to be fimbriated and the two charges are now conjoined; however, the fleur-de-lys and the wolf are still not clearly in bend nor clearly in fess. This is again returned for a redraw to place the charges clearly in bend or in fess.

Turold Dunstan Arminger. Device. Azure, a chevron rompu between three fleurs-de-lys, one and two, and a natural sea-turtle naiant argent.

This device is returned as the sea-turtle is not identifiable as such; this violates RfS VIII.3 - Armorial Identifiability. We note that in all previous registrations of natural sea-turtles, the sea-turtle has been tergiant. This allows the sea-turtle to be more easily identified.

WEST

Violetta Belladonna. Name.

This Italian name consists of a given name and an unmarked metronymic. Precedent states:

Oriana di Octavia Volpe da Venezia. There was some question whether matronymics were used in Italian names. Talan Gwynek, "15th Century Italian Men's Names", includes a Giacomo de Argentina The third real paragraph of this article says: "If the final a can be trusted, de Argentina is probably metronymic." This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that names of this form are registerable. [August 2006]

However, since that time, we have reconsidered the evidence and decided that a single ambiguous example is not sufficient to allow metronymics in Italian. As the precedent notes, the only evidence we have for metronymics in Italian is a single ambiguous example from Talan Gwynek's "15 C Italian Men's Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/italian15m.html). This is hardly a ringing endorsement for a naming pattern, and a single example is not enough to establish a general pattern. Therefore, barring clear examples of metronymics, either marked or unmarked in Italian, Italian names using metronymics are not registerable.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE September 2007 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

ÆTHELMEARC

Elyenora Houll. Device. Argent, three leaves bendwise sinister vert between two scarpes sable between six dragonflies purpure.

Blazoned on the LoI as Argent, on a bend sinister argent fimbriated sable between six dragonflies purpure three leaves vert, a bend or bend sinister fimbriated that is the same tincture as the field does not appear to be a bend or bend sinister but rather two bendlets or scarpes. This is pended to allow conflict checking with the leaves as the primary charges rather than as tertiary charges.

This was item 13 on the Æthelmearc letter of October 26, 2006.

Marija Kotok. Name change from Mariia Kotova.

Precedent set in October 2002 forbid the registration of unmarked patronymics in Russian names:

Bola is a Russian masculine given name. Lacking evidence that Russian used unmarked patronymic bynames, we have changed this to the patronymic form Bolin in order to register this name. [Gorm Bolin, 10/2002, A-Middle]

However, an informal letter from Paul Wickenden of Thanet argues that the name used to document Kotok does, in fact, show an unmarked patronymic, and that unmarked patronymics can be found in Russian manuscripts:

For Kotok, this is an unmarked patronymic. We have period examples of it being used as such -- see Kulik Kotok (dated to c1495) in Wickenden [164]. While this is listed as a dim of Kot by Wickenden, it is a bit more complicated than the entry alludes, as Kulik is already the "old Russian" given name and there can never be two of these given to a person. Far more likely, Kulik is the son of Kotok and his full legal name would be Kulik (syn) Kotkov. That said, unmarked patronymics are common in Russian manuscripts. An unmarked patronymic already violates Russian grammar rules so it also does not necessarily need to be feminized (I.e., you wouldn't change it to Kotka). In the structure Kulik Kotok, we see an implication that all of the offspring of Kotok could be spelled the same way.

While the lettere states that unmarked patronymics are common in Russian manuscripts, no examples (other than Kulik Kotok) are provided. We are reluctant to overturn this precedent based on a single example, as it is a long standing principal that a single example of a particular naming pattern is not necessarily sufficient to demonstrate a more general acceptance of that pattern. A single example may be an example of an invalid or misinterpreted recording, but several examples demonstrate a pattern. We request that the commenters take a look at the available sources and see whether they can find further examples of names that appear to use unmarked patronymics.

This was item 22 on the Æthelmearc letter of October 26, 2006.

AN TIR

Arion the Wanderer. Badge. (Fieldless) A trident sable.

The hard copy Letter of Intent had the correct emblazon for this submission; the copy in OSCAR did not. At the time of publication, an OSCAR LoI was not sufficient - a hard copy was still required. As the majority of the commenters appear to have used the OSCAR copy of the LoI, we are pending this to allow conflict checking with the correct emblazon.

This was item 3 on the An Tir letter of October 30, 2006.

ATENVELDT

Angharad Ewan. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic 10th C name; this was not mentioned on the LoI. We are pending this name to give the commenters a chance to address this request. The following documentation was included with this submission:

Angharad is a Welsh feminine given name; it is found in "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names," Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn (<http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/welsh13.html>), where it appears in the medieval source as Angharat. The spelling desired by the client is found in "Snapshot of a Cantref: The Names and Naming Practices in a Mawddwy Court Roll of 1415-16," Heather Rose Jones

(<http://www.heatherrosejones.com/names/welsh/mawddwy1415.html>).

Ewain is a masculine Scots given name, first seen in 1164, and an example of it used as a patronymic is demonstrated with Douenaldus Ewain a. 1165 (Black, p. 249, s.n. Ewan); the spelling Ewan itself is not dated. It is most often seen in a patronymic form preceded by Mac-. "Patrick McEwyn was provost of Wygtoun, 1331" is found in Black, p. 491, s.n. MACEWAN.

The client is most interested in the language/culture of the name, and it means "Angharad daughter of Ewan" and that it be feminine.

Her device was registered under the holding name Angharad of Tir Ysgithr.

This was item 3 on the Atenveldt letter of October 31, 2006.

CALONTIR

Marinn Rikarðsdottir. Name.

Originally submitted as Maren Rikarðsdottir, the name was changed to Marinn Rikarðsdottir at kingdom. However, no mention of the reason for the change or even that the change had been made was made in the LoI. One of the our most frequent refrains is that if changes are made to a name at kingdom, the LoI must include what changes were made and why. Failure to do so is reason for return or for pending the name. In this case, we are pending the name to give the commenters further chance to consider the originally submitted name.

The documentation on the form listed Maren as a Danish name found in 1490 at www.familysearch.org. While the commenters on this letter provided ample evidence for Marin as a 16th C Norwegian name (it appears three times between 1506 and 1542 in the "Diplomatarium Norvegicum"), Danish sources were not addressed by the commenters. This pend will allow them to do so. The original documentation notes that Rikarðsdottir is based on a given name from Haraldson, The Old Norse Name.

Her armory was registered under the holding name Kelly of Crystal Mynes.

This was item 27 on the Calontir letter of October 30, 2006.

NORTHSHIELD

Berenice Calvina. Name.

The submitter requested a name authentic for Roman language/culture. However, this authenticity request was not mentioned on the LoI. We are pending this name to provide the commenters with the opportunity to address this request.

This documentation was provided on the LoI:

Submitter desires a female name. Sound (unspecified) most important. Culture (Roman) most important.

Name documentation: The Academy of St. Gabriel Report 2944 " <Berenice> is a Macedonian form of Greek <Pherenike:> and was the name of a 4th century Syrian martyr, several Ptolemaic queens in Cyrenaica and Egypt. <Decimus Caelius Cavinus Balbinus> was emperor or Rome and died in 238AD. Female form of <Calvinus> is <Calvina>.

More documentation for Berenice: The Great Roman-Jewish War A.D. 66-70 (De Bello Judaico) by Flavius Josephus " Chapter XV's subtitle is "Concerning Berenice's petition to Florus to spare the Jews, but in vain; as also how, after the seditious flame was quenched, it was kindled again by Florus".Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition 2001 " no photocopy providedMore documentation for Calvina/Calvinus: "Browsing Roman Imperatorial Coins of Calvinus" " http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/imp/calvinus/I.html - no photocopy providedEncyclopedia Britannica 2004 " "Balbinus, Decimus Caelius Calvinus" " no photocopy provided

Her device was registered under the holding name Berenice of Coldedernhale.

This was item 2 on the Northshield letter of October 6, 2006.

Fearghus mac Ronain. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The submitter requested an authentic 12th C Gaelic name. While the LoI noted that if the name had to be changed he was most interested in 12th C Gaelic language/culture, the authenticity request was not mentioned. We are pending this item to allow the commenters sufficient time to provide commentary on the authenticity request.

Here is the documentation included with this name:

Documentation provided:

<Fearghus> - Academy of St. Gabriel report #2600 (http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/2600.txt) - Fergus is a Scots form of Gaelic name Fearghus.Also - Academy of St. Gabriel report #1800 (http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/1800.txt) - "Fearghus was also a common name throughout the Middle Ages."Also - Academy of St. Gabriel report #1879 (http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/1879.txt) - Fearghus is a later version of Fergus and was in use in 1200-1400.

<mac Ronain> - Academy of St. Gabriel report #2150 (http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/2150.txt) - <Rona/n> used in medieval Ireland between 950-1200. This same report lists <mac Rona/in> as the correct patronymic byname.

In addition, Rowel notes:

[Rowel] For 12th C, <Fergus> should be used rather than the later <Fearghus>. The spelling <Fergus> appears in both Gaelic and Scots (the language closely related to English). In Gaelic, the form <Fergus> is both Old Gaelic and Middle Gaelic (<Fearghus> is the corresponding Early Modern Gaelic form). For the 12th C, Middle Gaelic is the appropriate language.

The latest instance I've found of <Rona/n> is of the father of a man who died in 1117:

Annals of Ulster, entry U1117.3:

Mael Brighte m. Ronan comarba Cenannsa

Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 2 (B), entry: M1117.12:

Maol Brighde Mac Ronáin, comhorba Cenannsa, & ar muintire Cenannsa uime

MacCarthaigh's Book, vol. 1, entry MCB1117.8:

Mael Brighde Mac Ronain [...] Ceanannais

So, <Fergus mac Ronain> would be an authentic Middle Gaelic form of his submitted name.

However, unless anyone has run across evidence of <Rona/n> being used in Scotland, we can't confirm the name is authentic for Scotland as opposed to Ireland.

This was item 4 on the Northshield letter of October 6, 2006.

OUTLANDS

William de Kari. Device. Per chevron Or and azure, three hurts and a standing balance Or.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per chevron Or and azure, a standing balance Or and in chief three hurts, the charges are co-primary. As most commenters did not indicate that they had conflict checked the device under this interpretation, we must pend it for further conflict checking.

This was item 11 on the Outlands letter of October 27, 2006.

- Explicit -