THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Aíbell ingen Chernacháin. Name.

Aíbell Shúlúaine. Name change from Aíbell Shúlglas.

Submitted as Aíbell Shuluaine, the documentation shows the first part of the byname as Shúl and the second part of the byname as úaine. In Gaelic names, accents must be used or dropped consistently. Since her registered given name, Áíbell, contains an accent, we have changed the byname to Shúlúaine.

The submitter had originally noted that she desired a name meaning "green-eyed". The submitter should be aware that the categorization of colors used by modern Americans is different than those used by medieval Irish Gaels. When referring to eye color in Old and Middle Irish, Shúlúaine would most likely have had the meaning "grey-eyed" while Shúlglas would have meant "green-eyed".

Her old name, Aíbell Shúlglas, is released.

Aurelio di Baldasare. Name.

Clemente de Warrewyk. Name and device. Per saltire Or and sable, four anchors counterchanged.

Nice 13th C English name!

Nice armory.

Clewin Kupferhelbelinc. Name and device. Per bend gules and azure, a bend between two tankards Or.

Collette de Paris. Device change. Azure, a lion of Saint Mark statant guardant and on a chief argent three fleurs-de-lys azure.

Her previous device, Azure, a chevron embattled ermine between two crescents and a lion passant, a bordure argent, is released.

Eiliueth verch Llewelyn Sutor de Gwynedd. Name and device. Per pale argent and vert, an oak leaf and an acorn inverted counterchanged, in base a pearled coronet Or, all within a bordure embattled purpure.

Submitted as Eilonwydd verch Llewelyn Sutor Gwynedd, the submitter requested an authentic 13th C Welsh name. The name Eilonwydd is problematic; it is a constructed Welsh name using the attested protheme Eil- with an unattested deuterotheme -onwydd. Harpy explains:

One issue is that the element "-onwy" appears to be a unitary deuterotheme, not a compound itself of "on + wy", and so there is no implied support for a compound "on + wydd". Note also that no actual evidence for the suffix "-wydd" as a compounding name element has been supplied. This element would be linguistically distinct from the attested "-wedd" and "-wyd".

Barring documentation for the deuterotheme, -onwydd, in Welsh names, names constructed using this theme are not registerable. The documentation for the given name notes the name Eiliwedd from the given names list in Heather Rose Jones, Compleat Anachronist #66: A Welsh Miscellany. Names from this list are not universally registerable; some are legendary names and many are standard modern forms of names that were only actually used early in period. In this case, Eiliwedd is the name of a 5th C saint. While, as Harpy notes, there is not a pattern in Welsh of naming children for minor saints, we do allow a general practice of saint's names (even minor saints) in cultures that adopted saints names at all. While we have no evidence that the name represented by Eiliwedd remained in use to the 13th C or later, because it is a saint's name, it is registerable in its various forms. Harpy notes :

Setting aside the plausibility of the use of the name, we do have some evidence of how ca. 13th century people would have written the name of the saint from the early 13th c. ms. of a somewhat earlier composition of De Situ Brecheniauc using "Eiliueth" and the 15th c. copy of a probably 13th c. ms. of Cognacio Brychan which has "Elyuet".

Given this, Eiliwedd is registerable as a saint's name, and Eiliueth is the closest 13th C spelling of this name to the originally submitted Elionwydd.

The occupational and locative byname also need some tweaking to make them appropriate for the 13th C. Harpy explains:

This would more closely resemble the 13th c. name data I've seen if it used the Latin preposition "de" before the placename, particularly given the presence of a Latin occupational term in the name. The stacking of multiple bynames is an uncommon pattern, and in all the cases in my database where you get an occupation (and it's always a Latin occupation) followed by a simple placename with no preposition, the two actually represent a "title of place". Examples from the 13th c. data include:

Kedy prepositus Culkudin (Abergavenny court records)

David prepositus Lankadduc (ibid)

whereas in contexts where the two are clearly independent, the Latin preposition "de" is always used (and is also commonly used in the previous situation):

Ith' sutor de Ruthin (Ruthin court rolls)

Philippo le Tyalere de sancto Michaele (Abergavenny court rolls)

So, while there might not technically be anything fatally wrong with the format on the LoI, it strikes my ear as odd, while "... Llewellyn Sutor de Gwynedd" is decidedly less odd.

We have changed the name to Eiliueth verch Llewelyn Sutor de Gwynedd in order to register it and to partially comply with the submitter's authenticity request. We note that the name cannot be made fully authentic, as we know of no Welsh name found in the 13th C that closely resembles the submitted Eilonwydd.

The submitter is a court baroness and is thus entitled to display a coronet.

Etain Eame. Badge. Sable, two cubit arms fesswise hands clasped argent, a bordure Or.

The blazon here parallels that of her device, Or, a maunch azure, on a chief sable two cubit arms fesswise, hands clasped argent, registered in August 1993.

Fionnait inghean Chonchogaidh. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic Irish name. While the name is a fully Early Modern Irish form, the name Fionnait is a normalized Early Modern Irish form of Finnat. Finnat is a saint's name, and therefore, registerable in its Early Modern Irish form, but there is no evidence that the name continued in use until a time appropriate for Early Modern Irish.

Fredeburg von Katzenellenbogen. Badge. (Fieldless) A yale rampant contourny vert, spotted and armed argent.

Gabriel Hawkes. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Godke de Grote. Name.

Nice 15th C Low German name!

Helewys Spynnere. Device. Or, on a cross gules five quatrefoils argent seeded Or.

Nice armory.

Henryk Bogusz. Name and device. Azure, in pale a scimitar fesswise and a horseshoe inverted argent.

Submitted as Henryk Bogusz herbu Zag{l/}oba, the herb name is presumptuous, as it is a claim to arms that the submitter does not own:

In addition, no documentation was provided for the form of the second byname, and it makes a claim to bear arms that the submitter does not own. Nebuly explains:

"'The second byname means "of the arms of Ko{s'}ciesza". This name phrase has two obvious problems. (1) The construction is undocumented, and I can find no support for it. (2) The construction is presumptuous for explicitly claiming to bear the arms: Gules, a rogacina fourchy crossed argent (Szyma{n'}ski, p161), which are not registered to the submitter (RfS VI.1).'"

[Orzel Go{l/}aszewski herbu Ko{s'}cie{s'}z{a,}, October 2006]

While the submitter has documented names of the style herbu + [name], the presumptuous claim still exists, as the name herbu Zag{l/}oba is a period herb name. We have changed the name to Henryk Bogusz in order to register it.

Leiðólfr grímr. Name.

Margretha la Fauvelle. Name and device. Per saltire vert and Or, a sun in splendor counterchanged.

Marianna Molin di Salerno. Device. Azure goutty d'Or, six lymphads sailing to sinister Or, each sail charged with a martlet volant to sinister gules, a base Or.

As noted on the LoI, a charged sail is not an inescutcheon of pretense under RfS XI.4; but as a display of armory, it must still be checked for conflict. In this case, Or, a martlet volant to sinister gules is clear of conflict. An anomaly of our rules is that, under these circumstances, conflict is not reciprocal. Thus the registration of Azure goutty d'Or, six lymphads sailing to sinister Or, each sail charged with a martlet volant to sinister gules, a base Or does not protect Or, a marlet volant to sinister gules. A charged sail must be clear of conflict at the time it is registered, but a different person could later register armory that conflicts with that sail.

Megan the Mad. Device change. Azure semy of ducks naiant Or, a rapier bendwise sinister inverted argent.

Her previous device, Per bend sinister vert and azure, a dragon segreant maintaining in saltire a rapier and an arrow inverted, a chief indented Or, is released.

Miyao Kaneko. Badge. (Fieldless) A dragonfly bendwise sable.

Reyni-Hrefna. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Rhiannon filia Catell. Name and device. Per bend azure and vert, a seahorse erect argent and a chief Or.

Rhiannon is the name of a Welsh goddess; there is no evidence that this name was ever used by humans in period. However, it has been declared SCA-compatible, and so is registerable.

Sibilla Griffyn. Name change from holding name Siobhan of Misty Highlands.

William Parris. Name change from William FitzGeorge of Gloucester.

His old name, William FitzGeorge of Gloucester, is released.

Zianna beguy urdina de Zabaleta. Name and device. Quarterly purpure and sable, a seahorse contourny Or between in bend two crosses of four lozenges argent and in bend sinister two crosses of four lozenges Or.

Zianna beguy urdina de Zabaleta. Badge. (Fieldless) A cross gringolé purpure with snake heads argent.

ANSTEORRA

Armand de Lacy. Name and device. Per pall inverted Or, argent and sable, two yales rampant addorsed gules and a sword argent.

Askell de Loucelles. Device. Or, on a bull's head cabossed sable a rose argent, a chief gules.

Bianca Mondragon. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and Or, a bend sinister gules between two frogs counterchanged Or and vert.

There was some question whether Mondragon, which was documented as a modern French surname, was found in France in period. No documentation was found to show that the spelling Mondragon was used in France prior to modern times. The name is still registerable, though: Juliana de Luna's "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/) lists a Lope Mondragon. Therefore, this name mixes Italian and Spanish (instead of Italian and French); names mixing Italian and Spanish are one step from period practice. There is an example of the spelling Mondrague in the 15th C L'Armorial Le Breton, Emmanuel de Boos, p 53. The name Bianca Mondrague is registerable as an Italian/French combination; such combinations are a step from period practice.

If the submitter is interested in a fully Spanish form of this name, we suggest Blanca Mondragon. Blanca is a Spanish form of the name found in Italian as Bianca; the article cited above lists two examples of Blanca: Blanca de Rocamartín and Blanca Manrrique.

Elisabeth de Montvert. Name.

Falcon Hardin. Device. Argent, a phoenix vert rising from flames purpure.

Many 19th and early 20th century heraldic texts (e.g., Fox-Davies' Complete Guide to Heraldry, p. 180) describe the phoenix as a demi-eagle issuant from flames. Examples of phoenixes in period heraldry, however, show that, while the phoenix and eagle both have head crests, that was about their only similarity. The phoenix in the crest of the Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers, 1486 (Bedingfeld & Gwynn-Jones' Heraldry, p. 91) has a pheasant-like crest; the phoenix in the 15th Century impresa medallion of Talpas (Eve's Heraldry as Art, p. 93) has a peacock-like crest, as drawn in this submission.

Harold Shieldbearer. Name.

Loch Soilleir, Barony of. Reblazon of badge for Baronial Arts and Science Champion. Vert, a needle and an artist's brush in saltire within a sea-serpent in annulo, head to chief and vorant of its own tail argent.

When registered in January 2003 with the blazon Vert, a needle and a brush in saltire within a sea-serpent in annulo head to chief and vorant of its own tail argent, the fact that this is an artist's brush was omitted from the blazon.

Lyneya de Grey. Device. Argent, on a bend sable between six fir trees couped vert a mullet of six points in chief Or.

Since a mullet of six points has six-fold radial symmetry, it's very difficult to discern any changes in its orientation from the default (point to chief). We thus grant no difference for its orientation. And when a mullet of six points is a tertiary charge on a bend, as here, its orientation isn't even considered a blazonable detail.

Nikolai Vladislav. Name and device. Purpure, a vol in chief Or between flaunches argent each charged with a goutte sable.

Originally submitted as Nikolai Vladislav, the name was changed at kingdom to Nikolai Vladislavov because unmarked Russian patronymics were unregisterable. However, as of the September 2007 cover letter, unmarked Russian patronymics were determined to follow an extremely rare but occasionally found naming pattern. We note that the form that appeared on the LoI (a given name followed by a marked patronymic) follows a well-attested common Russian naming pattern and is to be encouraged. However, as the name was registerable as submitted, we have changed the name back to that form.

Robin of Gilwell. Badge. (Fieldless) An owl ermine.

Please advise the submitter to add a few more ermine spots to the owl.

Santiago de Monte Verde. Name and device. Per bend argent and checky vert and argent, in sinister chief an anvil sable.

Sibyl O'Dowd. Device. Quarterly sable and argent, a cross between four lozenges counterchanged.

Please advise the submitter to draw the lozenges larger.

Zoryna Prazan. Name.

There was some question whether the surname Prazan was a plausible period Czech byname. A document dated 11 April 1611 (http://fenrir.psp.cz/cgi-bin/eng/eknih/snemy/v15b/1611/t007900.htm) mentions a Samuel Straka z Prazan. While we have no examples of this name in our period without the preposition, we are willing to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt on that point.

AN TIR

Æðelred Willelmes sunu. Name and device. Per pale argent and vert, a hand between in fess two compass stars elongated to base counterchanged.

Angelline d'Avallon. Device. Or, a wolf rampant purpure, on a chief wavy gules a rapier proper.

Ceara inghean uí Mhadadháin. Device. Per pale azure and argent, two hares salient respectant counterchanged argent and sable, on a chief per pale argent and azure three cinquefoils counterchanged sable and argent.

Elspeth Dubh inghean Dubhghaill. Name.

This name mixes Scots and Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

False Isle, Shire of. Badge. (Fieldless) A mermaid with her arms upraised maintaining in her dexter hand an axe all within and conjoined to an annulet engrailed on the outer edge argent.

Gorandookht Mamigonian. Reblazon of device. Gules, two peacocks respectant and a pomegranate slipped and leaved Or.

Registered in April 1999, this was reblazoned in April 2007 as Gules, two peacocks pavonated to base respectant and a pomegranate Or. In both cases, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default

Gorandookht Mamigonian. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) On a pomegranate slipped and leaved gules a natural seahorse Or.

Registered in May 1995 with the blazon (Fieldless) On a pomegranate gules a natural seahorse Or, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Kaeso Petronius Gallus. Name.

Magdelena Suarez. Name and device. Per pale indented purpure and Or, six suns in splendor two, two, and two counterchanged.

Nice 15th C Spanish name and matching Spanish device.

Magdelena Suarez. Badge. (Fieldless) A sun in splendor per pale purpure and Or.

Nice badge.

Regina O'Duncan. Name.

The byname O'Duncan is grandfathered to her; it is the registered byname of her husband, Shannan O'Duncan (registered August 2006).

Serena Alvarez. Name and device. Per pale gules and azure, a crossbow and in chief three frogs Or.

Nice 15th C Spanish name!

Please advise the submitter to draw the crossbow larger.

ARTEMISIA

One Thousand Eyes, Barony of. Reblazon of badge for Order of the Iron Talon of One Thousand Eyes. (Fieldless) A dragon's jamb erect couped sable maintaining in its talons a roundel argent, overall in saltire two swords inverted proper.

Registered in April 2001 with the blazon A talon erect sable maintaining an orb argent overall in saltire two swords inverted proper, the primary charge is not merely a talon (i.e., a claw) but an entire foot; and the maintained charge is not an orb, which is a defined heraldic charge, but a roundel. We've amended the blazon, following the current blazon for the Barony's badge for their Order of the Talon d'Or, A dragon's jamb inverted couped Or maintaining in its talons a roundel, overall in saltire two rapiers inverted azure.

ATENVELDT

Adelric of Saxony. Reblazon of device. Argent, a bend sinister embattled vert between an eagle displayed and in saltire a battle-axe and a mallet sable.

This was registered in October 1988 with the blazon Argent, a bend sinister embattled vert between an eagle displayed and in saltire a battleaxe and a carpenter's hammer sable. No documentation for the charge was presented at the time, and the term has proven ambiguous and unnecessary. Since the charge is a heraldic mallet under another name, we have amended the blazon as an aid to future conflict checkers.

Angelika von Schwaben. Name.

Argyll MacPherson. Name change from Archibald MacPherson of Argyll.

Argyll is the submitter's legal given name.

His old name, Archibald MacPherson of Argyll, is released.

Asiya al-Mubaraka. Name and device. Argent, in pale a rose proper slipped and leaved vert and a crescent environing the slip azure, a bordure engrailed sable.

Chevron Herald has found several period examples of arms with a charge between the horns of a crescent. In particular, the Lindsay Armorial, 1542, shows the coats of "Cathkart lord of Cathkart", Azure, three crosses crosslet fitchy issuant from as many crescents argent, and of "Monypeny Lord Monypeny", Gules, three crosses crosslet fitchy issuant from as many crescents argent. The crosses occupy the same relation to their crescents as this slipped rose does here. There is also the civic coat of Monheim, 1605, Argent, in pale a mullet of six points between the horns of a crescent moon gules [Siebmacher 224]. We found no examples of a crescent completely encircling a charge - but having a charge between a crescent's horns, even extending outward as here, seems well within period heraldic style.

While the device has a complexity count of nine - three charges (rose, crescent, and bordure) in six tinctures (argent, gules, vert, Or, azure, and sable) - the documentation for the motif cited above, and the simple symmetric design, allow us to waive the rule of thumb outlined in RfS VIII.1.a here.

Aurien Chimerstome. Reblazon of device. Per chevron vert and Or, a winged bull statant argent and a pomegranate gules slipped and leaved vert.

When registered in January 1981 with the blazon Per chevron vert and Or, a winged bull statant, tail sufflexed, argent, and a pomegranate proper, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default. We have also reblazoned the pomegranate's tinctures to make them more readily accessible.

Brian the Pious. Name and device. Sable, a natural tiger rampant Or marked sable and a bordure wavy Or semy of annulets sable.

Cassandra of Padua. Reblazon of device. Per pale Or and gules, a swan naiant counterchanged.

When registered in June 1973 with the blazon Per pale Or and gules, a swan counterchanged, the posture of the swan was omitted from the blazon. When a posture is not specified, a swan is rousant, not naiant.

Deborah of Mightrinwood. Reblazon of device. Argent, in fess two lizards tergiant purpure.

When registered in August 1991 with the blazon Argent, two lizards in fess purpure, the lizards' tergiant posture was omitted from the blazon.

Deletha of Anandyrdale. Name change from Catlin of Anandyrdale.

Deletha is the submitter's legal given name.

The submitter asked if there was a more typical Scots spelling of the word of. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald notes:

Both <of> and <off> are perfectly normal Scots spellings for the 13th and 14th centuries. The DSL-DOST (<http://www.dsl.ac.uk/>), s.v. of <<http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=86167&startset=42774965&query=Of&fhit=off&dregion=form&dtext=dost> >, says "The most common spelling at all dates (and in nearly all texts) is of. The spelling off occurs also throughout the period in most or all senses and is rather common in certain early texts."

Her old name, Catlin of Anandyrdale, is released.

Felicia de Montbar. Name and device. Or, a pink flamingo close contourny proper and in canton a Latin cross gules.

Submitted as Felicie de Montbard, the submitter requested a name authentic for 12th C Burgundy/France. The spelling Felicie is documented from the "ARAGON" section of the "Foundation for Medieval Genealogy" page (http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ARAGON%20&%20CATALONIA.htm). While this site does examine primary sources to determine relationships, and even quotes a large amount of original material, the header forms are almost always standard modern forms appropriate to the bearer's country of origin. The same page provides this Latin passage about the woman listed as Felicie: "Sancius rex Aragonensium...cum filio meo Petro et uxore mea regina...Felicia" (Sancho, king of Aragon, with my son Pedro and my wife and queen Felicia). Felicia is the expected Latin form for this name. For the surname, Dauzat and Rostaing, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Noms de Lieux de la France s.n. Mons, p. 466, column 2, dates the spelling Montbar (a form of Montbard) to 1096. We have changed the name to Felicia de Montbar, a form of the name appropriate for a Latin document from France in the 12th C, to fulfill the submitter's authenticity request.

We note that the OSCAR emblazon had the flamingo of a lighter pink than the form sent to Laurel. The submission form has the bird in a dark "flamingo pink", which has been ruled a color (v. Marion Baggeputz, February 2007), so it's acceptable. At this time we are not returning items for tincture mismatch between the form and the OSCAR emblazon; however, we remind submissions heralds that the OSCAR emblazon should accurately reflect the submitted armory.

Iohn Hambledon. Device. Vert, on a pale between two double-bitted battleaxes argent a pawprint azure.

The use of a pawprint is a step from period practice.

Joan of Ered Sul. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale argent and sable, an hourglass and in chief two suns eclipsed, all counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Joan Doe.

Levi the Loud. Name.

Loretta de Tonge. Name and device. Argent, an acorn purpure within a bordure vert.

Nice 13th C Latinized English name.

Lucrezia Maria de Vallombrosa. Reblazon of device. Per pale azure and vert, two peacocks in their pride, heads respectant, in base a pomegranate slipped Or.

When registered in November 1993 with the blazon Per pale azure and vert, two peacocks in their pride, heads respectant, in base a pomegranate Or, the slipping was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Malachi Tay. Name change from Malkolm Tay.

His old name, Malkolm Tay, is released.

Marianna di Bartolomeo da Rosa. Name and device. Sable, an owl contourny argent and a bordure ermine.

Robert Strongbow. Reblazon of device. Vert, a wolf rampant argent maintaining in its dexter forepaw a sheaf of three arrows Or, barbed and flighted argent, and sustaining in its sinister forepaw in chief a bow fesswise gules.

Registered in June 1973 with the blazon Vert, a wolf rampant argent, grasping in its erect sinister forepaw a bow gules, held fesswise, and in its dexter forepaw a sheaf of three clothyard shafts Or, armed and flighted argent, the blazon did not make clear the sustained and maintained nature of the "held" charges. We've corrected this, as well as regularized the blazon of the arrows.

Rosalinda Gertrude Kesselheim. Badge. Or, on a pale of three lozenges between two peacock feathers vert, three human eyes argent, irised gules.

The irises of the eyes touch the outer edges at two points only; for the purposes of contrast, they may be considered argent with red spots. The eyes thus have good contrast with the vert lozenges. [That's what we said: the eyes have it.]

Tamsyn Stanford. Name.

Tighearain Blackwater. Badge. Per pale wavy argent and sable, crusilly formy counterchanged.

Please instruct the submitter that the crosses should be strewn approximately evenly over the field. He should be aware that many artists will place one or more of the crosses over the line of division.

Wilhelus le Casse. Device. Sable, a maunch and issuant from base a demi-sun argent.

Ynez Chaiya Benveniste. Reblazon of device. Purpure, two dolphins haurient respectant argent, on a chief embattled Or three pomegranates slipped and leaved vert, seeded gules.

When registered in October 2002 with the blazon Purpure, two dolphins haurient respectant argent and on a chief embattled Or three pomegranates vert seeded gules, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

ATLANTIA

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Order name Award of the Vexillum Atlantiae.

This is not a conflict with Vexillarius House, registered to Conrad Gyr Mirand in August 1990. Vexillarius (standard-bearer) and Vexillum (standard) are sufficiently different in sound and appearance to be clear of each other.

Ávangr Kársson. Device. Sable, a chevron raguly azure fimbriated, and in chief two sets of three annulets interlaced two and one argent.

Clare of Abhainn Iarthair. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron inverted gules and argent, a sword inverted and three turtles statant counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Clare of Ironwood.

Edmund Wolfe. Device change. Quarterly argent and azure, an eagle Or within a bordure counterchanged.

Nice armory.

His previous device, Argent, a hawk's hood facing to dexter azure, is released.

Megara di Alessandra. Reblazon of augmentation. Sable, a Fury rampant affrontée, sinister hand lowered, proper vested argent, winged Or, maintaining in the dexter hand a torch bendwise sinister enflamed proper, as an augmentation maintaining in her sinister hand a round shield Or charged with a unicornate natural sea horse azure.

When the augmentation was registered in November 1997 with the blazon Sable, a fury rampant affronty, sinister hand lowered, vested argent, winged Or, maintaining in her dexter hand a torch bendwise sinister proper, as an augmentation maintaining in her sinister hand a round shield Or charged with a unicornate natural sea horse azure, the blazon of the base device did not match the blazon of her registered device: it omitted both the fact that the fury is proper and the torch is enflamed.

Otel Altunat. Badge. Sable, a saltire, overall on a lozenge argent a cogwheel vert.

This was pended from the March 2007 LoAR. The badge was submitted with the household name Clockmakers Guild, which was returned on the same LoAR; we'd originally confirmed that it could be associated with the badge as a generic identifier. However, precedent states: "Generic names may only be registered to SCA branches, for common branch functions" [1/93, CL]. They may not be registered to individuals. We apologize for the confusion.

Rivka bat Efraim. Reblazon of device. Per chevron throughout wavy azure and argent, three pomegranates slipped and leaved counterchanged.

Registered in February 1988 with the blazon Azure, on a pile inverted throughout wavy between two pomegranates argent, a pomegranate azure, the slipping and leaving of the pomegranates was omitted from the blazon. Additionally, the three pomegranates are all the same size; that, and their placement two and one, strongly reinforces the impression of three primary charges on a per chevron field. We have amended the blazon accordingly.

Rorik smiðr. Name and device. Per chevron throughout argent and azure, two sheaves of arrows sable and a stag at gaze argent.

There was some discussion in the commentary about whether this should be blazoned as a per chevron field, or whether it would be more accurately blazoned as Argent, on a pile inverted throughout azure between two sheaves of arrows sable, a stag at gaze argent. Most of the discussion centered on the width of the per chevron angle. We note that earlier period heraldry tended to draw the per chevron field more narrowly than later in period: the angle of the point more acute, and extending further to chief. (It could be considered to trisect, not bisect, the field.) Thus, for example, the arms of von Ortenburg, c. 1413 (Conzilium zu Constenz, folio clxiiii), showed a per chevron field very similar to the one in this submission. Moreover, the presence of three charges two and one on either side of the division strongly reinforces the impression of a per chevron field - and would do so, regardless of the angle of the point. A lone pile inverted was rare enough in heraldry, and when it appeared, tended to be uncharged; in other words, the lower portion of the shield would be uncharged. A chapé field division would never have the upper portions of the field charged. When the upper and lower portions are charged, then, this must (absent of other clues such as cotising) be a per chevron field.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the charges larger, particularly the arrows.

Rowan of Needwood. Device. Purpure, a chevron inverted between a rose and a chalice argent.

Talorgen nepos Wrguist. Device. Sable, a drakkar under full sail and on a chief argent three crescents gules.

In Society usage, drakkars don't quite follow the same default for sails as the classic lymphad/galley: virtually all of our drakkars are under full sail. We have elected to explicitly blazon this fact to ensure that the emblazon can be recreated from the blazon.

Theodora Quennell. Reblazon of device. Purpure, on a pile indented argent, a pomegranate slipped and leaved purpure, seeded argent.

When registered in December 1986 with the blazon Purpure, on a pile indented argent, a pomegranate purpure, seeded argent, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Thorvald Gundaarsson. Reblazon of device. Vert, a brown raccoon rampant proper.

Registered in July 1982 with the blazon Vert, a raccoon rampant proper [Procyon lotor], Procyon lotor seems to be largely grey while Thorvald's raccoon is shades of brown. In accord with current practice, we've removed the Linnaean genus and species from the blazon.

CAID

Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme. Badge change. (Fieldless) A cylinder sundial argent.

This is the defining instance of a cylinder sundial in Society armory. The submitter's documentation showed it was also called a pillar (sun)dial or a shepherd's dial; we've chosen to blazon it as a cylinder sundial to avoid confusion with a plain pillar. The submitter had requested that this be blazoned simply as a sundial; however, most people associate that term with the horizontal sundial found in many modern gardens. We thus decline to use the unmodified term sundial to describe the charge.

A cylinder sundial has a place to attach a cord at the top and a gnomon (i.e., the rod which casts the shadow that marks the hour) extending outward. In use, the dial is suspended by its cord, so it's vertical, and the gnomon turned to face the sun; the hour is then read from the graduated marks on the cylinder. The marks on the cylinder, while required for a proper cylinder sundial, are heraldically artistic license. A cord may be present (it isn't in this case); the presence of such a cord will not count towards difference.

There is a CD between a column or a tower and a cylinder sundial. Thus this does not conflict with the Barony of the Bridge's badge for the Order of the Pillar, Barry wavy azure and Or, a Doric column argent, with the device for Anne of White Tower, Sable, a tower argent, with the device for Dugall Ailean mac-`ic Lathurna, Paly Or and azure, in dexter chief a tower argent, nor with the device for Stanford of Sheffield, Per fess and per pale dovetailed argent and azure, in sinister chief a tower argent. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for the difference in the primary charges. Nor does the submitted badge conflict with the arms of the House of Colonna (important non-SCA arms), Gules, a column argent crowned and its capital and base Or. Again, there are CDs for fieldlessness and the difference between a column and a cylinder sundial; there is no difference for removing the crown or for the tincture of the column's capital and base.

His previous badge, (Fieldless) A black-haired demi-maiden proper, vested per pale and chevronelly argent and azure, maintaining above her head a strung bow Or, is released.

Daniel von Ravensfeld. Name.

Eva filia Edeneweyn. Name.

Freygunnr Úlfarsdóttir. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, two bulls passant respectant counterchanged.

Genevieve la Douce. Name.

Submitted as Geneviève la Douce, the given name was documented as a modern spelling and as a spelling found in Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html). Accents found in this work reflect modern editorial additions in the 1837 compilation from which these names were taken; they do not appear in the original census document. Given this, we have changed the name to Genevieve la Douce.

Jane Godwin. Reblazon of device. Per bend sinister gules and vert, a pomegranate slipped and leaved Or and a cross bottony argent.

When registered in November 1998 with the blazon Per bend sinister gules and vert, a pomegranate Or and a cross bottony argent, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Jane Godwin. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) Three pomegranates slipped and leaved, stems conjoined in pall Or.

When registered in November 1998 with the blazon (Fieldless) Three pomegranates stems conjoined in pall Or, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Joia de Tarleton. Reblazon of device. Per bend vert and gules, in cross a spoon and a spoon fesswise reversed argent and a pomegranate slipped and leaved Or.

This was originally registered in July 1999 and reblazoned in February 2007 as Per bend vert and gules, in cross a spoon and a spoon fesswise reversed argent and a pomegranate Or. In both cases the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Mæva Svansdóttir. Name.

Malkyn Sharowe. Name and device. Per bend sinister embattled argent and sable, in canton a cinquefoil and on a bordure gules three cinquefoils argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw fewer, deeper embattlements.

Marcus Artorius Metellus. Name and device. Gules, on a pale between two lions combatant argent two daggers with hilts to center sable.

Mary Dedwydd verch Gwallter. Device. Quarterly gules and argent, an escallop counterchanged.

Nice armory.

Mary Taran of Glastonbury and Æduin of Skye. Joint badge. Per fess wavy argent and barry wavy azure and argent, in chief a Norse sun-cross sable.

There was some call to return this badge for using only a single abstract charge. As stated in precedent:

The Norse sun cross is also the symbol for Earth, and by precedent symbols cannot be registered as the sole charge. This ruling was applied to Norse sun crosses in April 1994 (pg. 15, s.n. Barony of Bonwicke). [Briget MacLeod, 09/2000, R-West]

However, in the registration of Æduin's device in March 2001, Laurel ruled:

Norse sun crosses are allowed, if not encouraged, because by their alternate blazon, a cross within and conjoined to an annulet, they fit a pattern of combined charges that we have registered for many years, and are at most one step from period practice.

It has long been our standard that you while you cannot blazon your way out of conflict, you can blazon your way out of style problems. If blazoned as a cross within and conjoined to an annulet instead of a Norse sun cross, this would obviously not be a single abstract charge. Therefore it is registerable even as the only charge (or charge combination) on the armory.

Michael Maggotslayer. Reblazon of device. Azure, a European eagle owl displayed proper maintaining in its feet a lightning flash bendwise sinister Or.

Registered in January 1980 with the blazon Azure, a European owl [Bubo bubo] displayed, wingtips inverted proper, grasping in its talons a lightning bolt bendwise sinister Or, the held charge is a modern lightning flash, not a period lightning bolt; and it's a maintained charge worth no difference, which wasn't clear from the original blazon. In accord with current practice, we've removed the Latin genus and species from the blazon.

The submitted forms called the bird a European eagle owl, and that is the common name for Bubo bubo. We realize that, given the tendency to create monsters by composition, some may consider this a bird that is part eagle and part owl. However, European eagle owl is still the best description for this owl as it cannot simply be blazoned a brown owl proper. The emblazon shows an owl with "horns" (i.e. feather tufts over the eyes); tail, head and body white (or light grey); wings sort of barry of three light brown, dark brown and red brown; and there are bits of brown on the face and tail.

Niccolo Genovese. Name change from Jahan Isfahani and device. Sable, three bezants one and two and a trimount argent.

His old name, Jahan Isfahani, is retained as an alternate name.

Robyn FitzOsbern. Device. Sable, on a bezant an ounce's head erased sable within an orle embattled at the outer edges Or.

We note that the OSCAR emblazon had the ounce langued gules; the copy sent to Laurel had the ounce langued sable. At this time we are not returning items for tincture mismatch between the form and the OSCAR emblazon; however, we remind submissions heralds that the OSCAR emblazon should accurately reflect the submitted armory. As languing is a non-blazonable, artistic detail, this need not be pended for further conflict changes.

There were some calls to return this for the use of an escutcheon of pretense. The submitter did not blazon this as an inescutcheon; the fact that it even resembles an inescutcheon of pretense is an artifact of the submission form. We must ask ourselves: If this had been submitted as a badge, would the issue of pretense have even been raised? No, because then the orle would have been shaped as a square, not an inescutcheon. If we would register this as a badge (square form), should we penalize the submitter for submitting it as a device (escutcheon form)? We do not believe so. This is in keeping with past precedent:

[Argent, on a roundel azure a wolf sejant ululant argent] Because this was submitted on the required badge form, some thought that it should be reblazoned as Azure, a wolf sejant and a bordure argent. Elsbeth Laurel ruled:

[Azure, a sun within an orle argent] The device is clear of ... Azure, an estoile of eight rays within an annulet and a bordure all argent. Even though an orle looks like an annulet on a round field, they are nonetheless separate charges: if this were drawn on the standard shield shape the difference would be given automatically and it is unfair to penalize the drawing when it is forced to be circular by administrative requirements. [Taliesin de Morlet, 03/01, R-Caid]

In the same manner Argent, a roundel azure and Azure, a bordure argent are not interchangeable, though they give that appearance when displayed on a round field. We decline to penalize the submitter for using the circular shape specified by our administrative requirements. [Rotheric Kynith, 07/05, A-Caid]

We decline to penalize the submitter for submitting a device rather than a badge and are registering the submitted device.

Robyn FitzOsbern. Badge. Per bend sinister sable and Or, an ounce rampant within a bordure embattled all counterchanged.

Nice design. We note that the OSCAR emblazon had the ounce langued gules; the copy sent to Laurel had the ounce langued Or. At this time we are not returning items for tincture mismatch between the form and the OSCAR emblazon; however, we remind submissions heralds that the OSCAR emblazon should accurately reflect the submitted armory. As languing is a non-blazonable, artistic detail this need not be pended for further conflict changes.

Please advise the submitter to draw the merlons and the embattlements the same width.

Roesia de Grey. Name and device. Vert, a badger rampant Or maintaining a rose argent, barbed, slipped and leaved sable.

Nice 13th C Latinized English name

This is clear of the device of Thorvald Gundaarsson, Vert, a brown raccoon rampant proper, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for the difference between a badger and a raccoon, and a second CD for changing the beast's tincture.

There was a great deal of commentary regarding the badger's identifiability. We note that a badger is most readily identified by its black markings, especially on the face around the eyes. The submission does show the badger's distinctive markings, but not very boldly drawn. Please instruct the submitter to draw her badger to emphasize the facial markings, to enhance recognizability.

Tomás mac Caoil. Reblazon of device. Per bend sinister wavy azure and argent, in annulo a lizard tergiant argent and a lizard tergiant azure all within an annulet counterchanged.

When registered in December 2005 with the blazon Per bend sinister wavy azure and argent, in annulo a lizard argent and a lizard azure all within an annulet counterchanged, the lizards' tergiant posture was omitted from the blazon.

William Tinker. Reblazon of device. Azure, a bull rampant contourny guardant atop a base argent.

When registered in March 1995 with the blazon Azure, a bull rampant contourny guardant and a base argent, the fact that the bull was atop the base was omitted from the blazon.

Ymanya Bartelot. Name and badge (see RETURNS for device). (Fieldless) A popinjay gules beaked, winged and tailed argent.

Nice 13th C English name!

We note that period popinjays were usually drawn with tails coming to a point. However, the bird as drawn here has the popinjay's distinctive beak, and is readily recognizable as a popinjay.

CALONTIR

Bronwen of Westhold. Name and device. Argent, a natural sea-turtle vert, on a chief purpure three escallops inverted argent.

The name Bronwen is an SCA compatible Welsh name.

Catalina Artemisia Anguissola. Release of badge (see RETURNS for name change and device change). Per pale purpure and Or all semy of bears sejant erect counterchanged.

Elisava of Arkhangel'sk. Reblazon of device. Per bend purpure and argent, a bend between two pomegranates slipped and leaved counterchanged.

When registered in June 2000 with the blazon Per bend purpure and argent, a bend between two pomegranates counterchanged, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Hamer Úlfsson. Device. Argent, a wolf rampant between three Thor's hammers within a bordure azure.

Lillian Taylor. Reblazon of device. Azure, on a round clockface argent numbered sable a lizard tergiant bendwise vert, all within a bordure argent ermined azure.

When registered in September 2004 with the blazon Azure, on a round clockface argent numbered sable a lizard bendwise vert, all within a bordure argent ermined azure, the lizard's tergiant posture was omitted from the blazon.

DRACHENWALD

Aryanhwy merch Catmael. Heraldic will.

Ingrid von Eichenkamp. Reblazon of device. Or, in bend two lace bobbins bendwise sinister vert.

When registered in May 1997 with the blazon Or, in bend two bobbins bendwise sinister vert, the fact that these were lace bobbins was omitted from the blazon.

EALDORMERE

Amber of Litchfield. Name and device. Vert semy of roses, a wolf rampant argent maintaining a mullet of twelve points Or charged with a roundel gules.

Amber is the submitter's legal given name.

This device does not conflict with the device of Robert Strongbow, Vert, a wolf rampant argent maintaining in its dexter forepaw a sheaf of three arrows Or, barbed and flighted argent, and sustaining in its sinister forepaw in chief a bow fesswise gules, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for the strewn charges, and another CD for the large sustained charge in chief.

Dafydd ap Sion. Device. Per saltire sable and vert, a winged stag salient, on a chief argent three broadarrows sable.

Elizabeth Shawe. Name.

Nice 16th C English name!

Heylawive von Meißen. Name change from Heylawive von Misen.

Registered as Heylawive von Misen in September 2006, the submitter had originally submitted Heylawive von Meißen. The name was changed because the submitted documentation showed the name as two steps from period practice: one for mixing Old Dutch and High German, and one for a more than 300 year gap between the dates for the given name and the byname. We have reexamined the original documentation and located some new documentation that suggests that the original name, while highly unlikely, is registerable. The given name spelling Heylawive was documented from Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, "Names in the Low Lands before 1150" (http://www.keesn.nl/names), where it is dated to 1100. However, a re-examination of the document shows another occurrance of Heylawive in a patronymic dated to 1120. The earliest example of a spelling supporting Meißen we have been able to locate is Meißin, 1408 (Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther, Städtenamenbuch der DDR p 186). This work gives several dated spellings for this placename:

...das 11.Jh. 1046 Missene, 1064 Misine, das 12. Jh. Misena, Misne, Misna; 1296 erscheint Missen, 1350 Myszne, Mysna, Myszen, 1378 Mizsen, Mißen, 1408 Meißin, 1428 Meissen.

Gustav Hey, Die slavischen Siedelungen im Königreich Sachsenmit Erflärung ihrer Namen, p 266, lists several forms from the Chronicon of Thietmar of Germany including Meissin and Meyssin in 1408. Given this, Heylawive von Meißen is registerable, but it is not authentic. If the submitter is interested in a temporally compatible form of this name, we suggest Helyawive de Missene.

Her old name, Heylawive von Misen, is released.

Joscelin Roget de Cranewell. Name and device. Ermine, on a pale azure a crane rising, maintaining in its claw a stone, and a tower argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as a crane in its vigilance, the crane is rising, not close, and therefore is not in its vigilance.

Katou Tatsuko. Name and device. Purpure, a dragonfly between in base three lotus blossoms in profile argent.

Submitted as Kato Tatsuko, the family name is properly transcribed with a macron over the o. This is typically shown as either Katou or Kat{o-}. When possible, the College of Arms prefers to use transliterations that use Roman characters. We have changed the name to Katou Tatsuko in order to register it.

While the name is registerable, it may not be an authentic Japanese name. Solveig Throndardottir explains:

The basic problem is that Katou is a family name and Tatsuko is a pre-Muromachi name. According to Mass, women prior to at least the middle Kamakura period tended to continue using Uji names in preference to family names. That is, they were late adopters of family names.

EAST

Aaron Peregrine. Name and device. Per fess azure and vert, six falcons, three, two, and one, argent.

Adhemar von Kempten. Name.

This name was pended on the March 2007 LoAR to allow discussion of substantial contact between German speakers and Occitan speakers. We have found evidence that German merchants had substantial contact with trade fairs and towns in the Occitan region, particularly in Lyons. William Clarence Webster, A General History of Commerce, p 81 notes "Montpelier was one of the chief centers for trade between East and West;...her markets were frequented by...German merchants." For Lyons, we found these mentions: Arts and Sciences: Or, Fourth Division of "The English Encyclopedia", p 616, "In 1245, the German merchants in England ordered that no German vessel should sail to Lyon and the order being disobeyed by Rostock and some other Westphalian ports, the merchants from these places were expelled from the body...", Alfred Woltmann, Holbein and His Times, pp 233-4, "Lyons stood in lively intercourse with foreign countries, especially with Germany and Switzerland, ... Numerous German merchants had settled here and had received special privileges from the French kings...Since the year 1472 printing presses had been working in Lyons...Most of the printers were German."; Jonathan Dewald, Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, p 12, "Constance, Zurich, Bern, Lausanne, and Geneva to arrive at the great fairs of Lyon, a center for German merchants trading with colleagues in France"; and James Wadsworth, Lyons, 1473-1503: The Beginnings of Cosmopolitanism, p 22, "At the same time we must not lose sight of the predominance of the German printers who, in increasing numbers, bring their art and ideas to Lyon -- their guild chapel is founded in 1492." These statements make substantial contact between German and Occitan speakers, at least in Lyons and Nabonne, highly likely. Therefore, names mixing German and Occitan are registerable, but a step from period practice.

This name was originally pended on the March 2007 LoAR.

Alexandra Maria de Granada. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) In pale a pomegranate slipped and leaved vert seeded gules issuant from a tankard azure.

When registered in May 2005 with the blazon (Fieldless) In pale a pomegranate vert seeded gules issuant from a tankard azure, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Apollonia Voss. Device. Per bend sinister nebuly gules and Or, a sun in its splendor Or and a brown vixen sejant ululant proper.

Apollonia Voss. Badge. (Fieldless) A brown vixen sejant ululant proper.

Apollonia Voss. Badge. (Fieldless) A sun per bend sinister gules and Or.

This badge is clear of the badge of Kragon of Land's End, (Fieldless) A sun per bend sinister bevilled fesswise gules and Or. There is a CD for fieldlessness and another for the change in the line of division.

Bran ap Rees. Name.

Brilliana de la Hay. Name.

Ciara of Trawsfynydd. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) Three pomegranates argent, seeded gules, slips conjoined in pall with three leaves conjoined in pall inverted sable.

When registered in December 1993 with the blazon (Fieldless) Three pomegranate fruits argent, seeded gules, conjoined in pall with three leaves conjoined in pall inverted sable, the slipping was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Durlome Rakesh d'Mithnan. Reblazon of device. Per fess argent and sable, a pale, the chief part wavy and the base part rayonny, counterchanged gules and Or.

Registered in August 1979 with the blazon Per fess argent and sable, a pale per fess wavy gules and rayonee Or, that blazon would have made the pale's division per fess wavy. Instead, it's counterchanged over the plain per fess division of the field - but the top half is wavy, and the bottom half rayonny. We have amended the blazon.

Eadric Wiglafes sunu. Device. Vert, two axes addorsed and on a chief argent three crosses potent vert.

Eva Woderose. Name.

Ismay Ponde. Reblazon of device. Argent, a peacock contourny azure tailed vert atop a claymore fesswise sable.

Originally registered in May 1997 with the blazon Argent, a peacock contourny azure, pavonated to base vert, atop a claymore fesswise sable, the peacock is in its default posture and need not be specified as pavonated to base. We have amended the blazon accordingly. The term atop makes clear that the claymore is not a maintained charge, but is worth difference.

Ive Annor M'Quhairr of Sighty Crag. Reblazon of device. Per fess argent and vert, in chief three lace bobbins in fess sable and in base a plate charged with a drop spindle threaded sable.

Originally registered in October 1988, the blazon was corrected in June 2001 to Per fess argent and vert, in chief three bobbins in fess sable and in base a plate charged with a drop spindle threaded sable. In both cases, the fact that these are lace bobbins was omitted from the blazon.

Juana Maria de la Fuente. Name.

Phillipia Cupbreaker. Reblazon of device. Or, three pomegranates gules, slips conjoined in pall with three leaves conjoined in pall inverted vert.

When registered in April 1996 with the blazon Or, three pomegranate fruits gules conjoined in pall with three leaves conjoined in pall inverted vert, the slipping was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Roland de Endeweard. Name change from holding name Roland of Endeweard.

Sara of Stonley. Name.

Nice 14th C English name!

Tat'iana Negoshka Danilova. Device. Quarterly Or and gules, a cross of Jerusalem within a bordure embattled, all counterchanged.

Ysabeau de Nantes. Name and device. Vert, a cat sejant guardant Or and a chief invected ermine.

GLEANN ABHANN

Adelheid von Hohenstein. Name and device. Sable, a chevron checky gules and argent between two crosses crosslet and a dove volant bendwise, wings addorsed argent.

Submitted as Adelheid Hohenstein, the submitter requested an authentic German name. The given name Adelheid was documented as a 12th to mid-13th C name. There was some question whether the spelling Hohenstein was consistent with a given name from this period. A search through documents from the 12th and 13th C in the Austrian archives from MOnestariuM (http://www.monasterium.net/en/index.html) shows the forms Hohenstein in 1283, recognizable from a scan of an original document (http://www.mom.findbuch.net/php/view.php?ar_id=3263&be_id=187&ve_id=325077&count=0), line 8, word 5. The submitter cited Saint Gabriel letter 3221 as documentation for the name; this letter notes:

There are three types of bynames based on place names which are appropriate for a woman of your period. The first is to use <von> plus the place name, e.g. <von Howenstein>. Specifically feminine forms don't use the preposition <von>, but add a feminine ending. These are <Howensteinin> and <Howensteinerin>.

We have changed the name to Adelheid von Hohenstein to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.

Of the colors, gules and sable have the highest contrast - enough so that German heraldry sometimes places gules charges on sable fields and vice versa. That said, we still recommend that the chevron be colored so that most of the checks along the edge are argent rather than gules. A metal and a color have much better contrast that two colors.

Alsinda de Rochabaron. Device. Per fess azure and gules, a dragon couchant and two demi-pallets issuant from the line of division Or.

In the case of Deanna della Penna (February 2007), it was ruled that paly and three pallets are interchangeable blazons, and no difference is granted between them. This was based on period examples of the same arms (e.g. Aragon) depicted both ways. However, we have no period examples of any armory with two pallets being also depicted as paly; that distinction is still made in blazon, and is still worth difference. This submission, therefore, cannot be legitimately reblazoned as Per fess azure and paly gules and Or, in chief a dragon couchant Or; and it therefore does not conflict with such armories as Dragano da Monte, Per chevron azure and gules, in base a dragon couchant Or.

Angus de Gordun. Device. Per pale sable and argent, two poleaxes in saltire and in base a tankard within a bordure all counterchanged.

Please advise the submitter to draw the bordure wider.

Borimir Dimitrian. Device change. Ermine, in fess an oak tree eradicated proper between two dragons combatant, wings close vert.

Blazoned on the LoI as Ermine, an oak tree eradicated proper between two dragons combatant wings close vert, most commenters indicated that they conflict checked this as three co-primary charges (rather than a primary and two secondary charges), thus this need not be pended for further conflict checking.

Please advise the submitter to draw fewer ermine spots.

His previous device, Per pale gules and vert, a horse passant and a bordure embattled argent, is retained as a badge.

Branwen ferch Idris. Name and device. Argent, a raven contourny and on a chief azure three decrescents argent.

Branwen is an SCA-compatible Welsh name.

The raven's tail is distorted somewhat, due to the need to draw the charge as large as will fit in the available space; this was not uncommon for animate charges in heraldic art. Still, the bird has a raven's characteristic pointy beak, and the hairy feathers found in some German emblazons; it is certainly identifiable as a raven.

Cáelán mac Domhnaill. Name and device. Vert, on a cowbell argent a shamrock vert and on a chief argent a glaive sable.

Listed on the LoI as Cáelán mac Domhniall, the name was changed on the form to Cáelán mac Domhnaill. We have fixed the typo and registered this name as Cáelán mac Domhnaill.

This name mixes Middle Gaelic and Early Modern Irish; this is one step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a fully Middle Gaelic (900-1200) form of this name, we suggest Cáelán mac Domnaill. Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index to Names in Irish Annals", (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex), gives Domnaill as the normalized Middle Irish form of this name. Because we do not have evidence that the name Cáelán continued in use into the Early Modern Irish period, we are not recommending a fully Early Modern Irish form.

Commentary raised the question of whether the cowbell was documented as a period charge or artifact. As it turns out, the cowbell is found, not just on cows, but as a musical instrument: Virdung's Musica Getutscht, 1511, shows the cowbell as one of a set of rustic (i.e. folk) instruments (Jeremy Montagu, "The World of Medieval and Renaissance Musical Instruments", p. 91).

Catalina de Segovia. Name and device. Gules, a fess ermine between three coneys statant Or.

Nice 16th C Spanish name!

Catherine Vallemont. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and vert, a horse passant and a cat sejant contourny argent.

Cuilén the Bald. Device. Or, in saltire a quill pen and a sword sable, the quill's nib distilling a goutte de sang.

Dea Ramberti. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Eithne Ruad. Device. Gules, in fess a bee bendwise and a bee bendwise sinister Or marked azure.

Elena Ivanova. Name.

Elisabeth Thielmann. Name and device. Lozengy azure and Or, on a lozenge argent in saltire an axe and a handsaw both sable hafted proper.

The handsaw was accepted for Society use with the registration of Tomas y Saer, on the LoAR of July 2007.

Garcia Guerrero de Corrales. Device. Gules, a horse rampant argent and on a chief embattled Or two spear heads, points to base sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chief more typically embattled, that is, starting and ending the embattlements both up or both down.

Gawin der Fuchs. Name and device. Per chevron argent and azure, three mullets in chevron and a fox courant counterchanged.

There was some question whether the byname in the form der Fuchs falls afoul of RfS IV.1, which states "Pornographic or scatological terms will not be registered." We believe that in this form it does not. The article makes it clear that the word is used as a noun and not as a verb or gerund for a sexual act.

Please advise the submitter to draw the charges larger to fill the available space.

Gleann Abhann, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Aries. Argent, a spear sable headed gules within a bordure per pale gules and sable.

Jocelin Fitzhugh de Rouen. Name.

Joye Wölflin. Name.

The submitter notes that she is the wife of Roch Wölflin. She may wish to know that, in period, she would indicate this by using his surname in either the genitive form or the feminine form. The expected form of her name with this meaning is either Joye Wölflins or Joye Wölflinin.

Jsrael ben Jonathan. Name.

Nice 12th C French Jewish name!

Juliana Bonnaire de Cherbourg. Name and device. Per chevron inverted purpure and vert, a chevron inverted and in chief a pomegranate slipped and leaved argent seeded gules.

There was some question whether the spelling Cherbourg were found in period. La chronique d'Enguerran de Montselat, written in the second half of the 15th C, has several spellings for this placename, including Chierbourcq (Volume 6, p 216), Chierbourg (Volume 6, p 131), Cherebourg (Volume 2, p 318), and the submitted spelling Cherbourg (Volume 2, p 333).

Please instruct the submitter to draw the chevron inverted a bit wider, and more centered on the field, as befits a primary charge.

Katrín in hárfagra. Name.

Law O Kervy. Name and device. Sable, two Oriental dragons passant-counter-passant Or, on a chief raguly argent a Celtic cross sable between two Lacy knots vert.

Submitted as Law MacKervey, the byname was documented from MacLysaght, Irish Names and Surnames. This work deals strictly with modern Irish surnames, and is not reliable as sole documentation for an Irish name. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames does not show this spelling nor does he have an entry for Mac or Ó Cearrbhaigh, the modern Gaelic form given by MacLysaght. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MACORVIE, dates M'Kervey to 1713. This strongly suggests a modern form; without evidence that MacKervey is a period Anglicization of an Irish name, it is not registerable. Woulfe, s.n. Ó Ciarmhaic, lists O Kervy as a later 16th C/early 17th C Anglicization; this is the closest to the submitted form we have been able to locate. We have changed the name to Law O Kervy in order to register it.

It had been previously ruled (Richard of Wyvernwood, April 2002) that the use of an Oriental dragon in a particularly convoluted posture is a step from period practice. We hereby take this to its logical conclusion, and rule that the use of an Oriental dragon in any posture is a step from period practice. It is, however, the only anomaly in this submission: Albion has documented several period coats with a chief charged with an A between two B's.

Please advise the submitter to ensure that both dragons are horizontal.

Luca Sacchetti. Badge for House of Three Dragons. Per pale gules and argent, three dragons passant counterchanged.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per pale argent and gules, three dragons passant counterchanged, the corrected blazon was posted on July 19th. As a color emblazon was included in OSCAR, it is assumed that all commenters (not just the two who mentioned it) checked for conflict under the correct tinctures. Thus, this need not be pended for further conflict checking.

Magnús h{o,}ggvandi. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Magnús hoggvandi, both the forms and the documentation show Magnús h{o,}ggvandi. The notation {o,} represents an o-ogonek, which look like an o with a comma tail. We have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

Malcolm Hogg. Name and device. Per chevron sable and vert, three quivers each with two arrows argent.

Marcel Orillon. Device. Gules, on a bezant a dog statant sable, a bordure Or.

Mars Gaston. Name and device. Or, a chevron azure and in chief two pine trees vert, overall a sword gules.

There was some question whether Mars was found as a French given name in period. The submitted documentation showed it only as a byname. Dauzat, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Noms de Famille et Prenoms de France, s.n. Mars, notes that it is derived from a placename, but that it is also "ou le nom d'un enfant trouvé en mars" (the name of a child born in March).

Mateo Lopez. Name and device. Per chevron argent and azure, two dunghill cocks respectant sable and a hangman's noose Or.

Nice 15th C Spanish name!

Mi'namoto Ryuu'tarou Yoshihiro. Name.

Nonnie Wlfraven. Name change from holding name Lyna of Blackwood.

Nonnie is the submitter's legal given name.

Pamela of Grey Niche. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per fess gules and sable, a wyvern erect and in chief a moon in its plenitude between two mullets Or.

Blazoned on the LoI as segreant, the wyvern is actually erect. Two-legged creatures cannot, in general, be segreant or rampant.

Submitted under the name Alastríona de Breannóc.

Randal Guillaume. Name and device. Vert, an elephant's head cabossed argent and a bordure Or.

Randal Guillaume. Badge. (Fieldless) Two lightning bolts in saltire, overall an elephant's head cabossed argent.

Our rule of thumb for overall charges in fieldless badges is that, if the underlying charges are long and skinny - as with the lightning bolts here - then identifiability is generally preserved.

Ravenswar Brackæ. Device. Argent, a raven displayed maintaining a spear fesswise sable within a bordure gules and overall on a chief sable three ermine spots argent.

The use of a bird displayed, other than an eagle, is a step from period practice.

Robert de Montacute. Name.

Sigmundr Agnarsson. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Sveinn inn kristni. Name.

Tabit al-Hasan al-Balansi. Name.

Tessa da Modica. Name.

Submitted as Tessa da Mòdica, the byname was documented from de Felice, Dizionario Dei Cognomi Italiani. Accent marks in this work are editorial additions to indicate pronunciation; they are not part of the spelling of the names themselves. We have changed the name to Tessa da Modica to reflect the actual spelling.

Tomás mac Thighearnáin. Device. Purpure, on a dragon displayed Or a Celtic cross gules.

Uffa of Grey Niche. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, a domestic cat's head argent jessant-de-lys Or.

This is clear of Faoiltighearna inghean mhic Ghuaire's device, Quarterly azure and vert, a wolf's head argent jessant-de-lys Or, and badge, (Fieldless) A wolf's head argent, jessant-de-lys Or. In each case there is a CD for changes to the field. There is a second CD for the difference between a cat's head jessant-de-lys and a wolf's head jessant-de-lys.

Submitted under the name Uffa Cynewulf.

Ysabel Bertrand. Name and device. Per chevron counter-ermine and gules, a chevron Or, in base a raven argent.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chevron wider.

Zelia Fiorella. Name and device. Gules, a pegasus statant atop a base argent.

Submitted as Zelia Fiorèlla, the byname was documented from de Felice, Dizionario Dei Cognomi Italioni. In this work, accent marks are a modern editorial edition. Given this, we have changed the name to Zelia Fiorella.

This Italian name consists of a given name and an unmarked metronymic. Precedent states:

Oriana di Octavia Volpe da Venezia. There was some question whether matronymics were used in Italian names. Talan Gwynek, "15th Century Italian Men's Names", includes a Giacomo de Argentina The third real paragraph of this article says: "If the final a can be trusted, de Argentina is probably metronymic." This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that names of this form are registerable. [August 2006]

However, since that time, we have reconsidered the evidence and decided that a single ambiguous example is not sufficient to allow metronymics in Italian. As the precedent notes, the only evidence we have for metronymics in Italian is a single ambiguous example from Talan Gwynek's "15 C Italian Men's Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/italian15m.html). This is hardly a ringing endorsement for a naming pattern, and a single example is not enough to establish a general pattern. Therefore, barring clear examples of metronymics, either marked or unmarked in Italian, Italian names using metronymics are not registerable. [Violetta Belladonna, February 2007]

Siren has provided additional examples of metronymics in Italian:

There are several clear metronymics in the Catasto (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/pater.txt) [Ferante LaVolpe, "Italian Renaissance Men's Names"]:

-	IPOLITA

-	ROSA

-	SPERANZA

Others are possibly ambiguous. There are many more in the Catasto database; in my Condado article, which is ready to go online as soon as I can find someone to get it htmlized, I say "[Matronyms] are still quite uncommon; there are 55 examples listed below, out of 26,367 patronyms (i.e., 0.2% of names are matronyms)."

Given this, we are overturning the February 2007 precedent and declaring metronymics in Italian rare, but registerable.

Zelia is the submitter's legal given name.

LOCHAC

Adora, Shire of. Branch name and device. Per pale gules and Or, two dragons combatant and in base a laurel wreath counterchanged.

Eadie Porterose. Name and device. Purpure, in pale three roses Or barbed vert between flaunches ermine.

Please advise the submitter that flaunches should start in the corners of the chief, not slightly in as drawn here.

Gabrielle de La Rivière. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, a bend sinister embattled counter-embattled between two dragonflies bendwise sinister, that in base inverted, argent.

Nice 16th C French name!

Gaius Furius Maximus Crastinus. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Kasian Astrakhanovich. Device. Argent, a Maltese cross and on a chief triangular azure a kettle helm argent.

The kettle helm is also known in German as an eisenhut, and in French as a chapel de fer; under the latter term, it's been registered once in the SCA, in the device of Wilhelm von dem Bajwarishen Berg, August 1985. It's also a period charge: Batonvert notes that it's "found in the arms of Sowys, c.1460 [Randal Holme's Roll] and in the arms of Spiegel, 1605 [Siebmacher 179]."

Lochac, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Hund Pursuivant to Þorfinn Hrolfsson.

Mette Boesdatter. Name.

Nice 15th C Danish name!

Rathnait inghean ui Chairealláin. Reblazon of device. Azure, a pair of shears and on a chief Or three lace bobbins sable.

Registered in November 1999 with the blazon Azure, a pair of shears and on a chief Or three bobbins sable, the fact that these are lace bobbins was omitted from the blazon.

Þorfinn Hrolfsson. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Hund Herald from Lochac, Kingdom of.

Zhou Long Xi Xian Sheng. Reblazon of device. Argent, in pale a reremouse inverted gules and a pomegranate slipped and leaved azure, seeded argent.

When registered in October 2002 with the blazon Argent, in pale a reremouse inverted gules and a pomegranate azure seeded argent, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

MERIDIES

Ameke Tode. Name and device. Azure, a fess wavy between a rapier fesswise and a dolphin haurient argent.

Please inform the submitter that the name Ameke is a masculine name.

The submitter notes that she is the wife of Günther Tode. In period German, a women could indicate she was married by using her husband's surname in the genitive case. In this case, she could use the surname Todes.

Antonia Martín de Castilla. Reblazon of device. Vert, within a fess nowy voided a garb of five stalks of wheat Or.

Registered in August 1982 with the blazon Vert, a garb of five stalks between a bar nowy and a bar counter-nowy Or, that blazon showed a misunderstanding of the term nowy. It means literally "knotted", but not in this case referring to braiding or tying; rather, a knot as in a knot of wood, a bulge or swelling. A fess nowy would be equivalent to a fess surmounted by a roundel; we have no evidence of fesses nowy in period, but in this case it's grandfathered to the submitter.

Ávarr helluflagi. Name changed from Yamazaki Yoshikazu.

His old name, Yamazaki Yoshikazu, is retained as an alternate name.

Beornwulf s{e-} cealdheort. Name.

Brian Stewart. Name.

Charmayne d'Aix la Chapelle. Name (see PENDS for device).

Submitted as Charmayne d'Aix-la-Chapelle, there was some question whether Aix-la-Chapelle was known by that name in period. We found three mentions of Aix la Chapelle in a 1838 edition of Chronologie novenaire contenant l'histoire de la guerre sous le règne du très-chrestien roy de France et de Navarre Henry IV, et les choses les plus mémorables advenues par tout le monde, depuis le commencement de son règne, l'an 1589, jusques à la paix faixte à Vervins en 1598, entre Sa Majesté trè?s-chrestienne et le roy catholique des Espagnes Philippe II by Pierre Victor Palma Cayet (p.p. 201, 211, and 334). We do not know whether this source modernized the names, but Jean du Tillet, Recueil des rois de France, leur couronne et maison : ensemble, le rengs des grands de France (written sometime before 1571) does not appear to do so. The city name also appears in that work as Aix la Chapelle on p. 44: ""Mourut d'vne pleuresic à Aix la Chapelle." While this quote refers to an event in the time of Charlemagne, the form is identical to the name of the same city in the 16th C chronicle. We have changed the name to Charmayne d'Aix la Chapelle, to match the available period examples.

Charmayne is the submitter's legal middle name; it is a given name by type and so registerable as a given name under the legal name allowance.

Domninus Hadrianus Rufus. Name and device. Purpure, a chevron inverted sable fimbriated argent between three crescents two and one and a capital M Or.

This name uses a double given name as part of a Latin/Byzantine name. By precedent, set in June 2003, double-given names in Byzantine names were unregisterable. However, Loyall provides the following evidence for this practice:

[M]ultiple given names are possibly more authentic for the submitter's desired period than bynames per se (especially if one of those names was <Flavius> or <Flavia>-- I don't know what the significance of this name is). Volume III of the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire lists a number of people with more than one given name. Here is a random selection:

<Fl. Marianus Iacobus Marcellus Aninas Addaeus>, a member of the Senate under Justinian. <Aelia Anastasia> was the official name of a sixth-century empress. <Melminius Andreas> was a sixth-century defensor of Ravenna. <Flavius Strategius Apion Strategius Apion> was a consul in 539; his father was also named <Strategius>, so the string of names here might have a patronymic sense. <Fl. Triadius Marianus Michaelius Gabrielius Constantinus Theodorus Martyrius Iulianus Athanasius> was another sixth-century consul. <Ioannes Aurus> appears in a sixth-century document. One <Aurelia Maria> was a widow in Antinoe in the sixth century.

Given this evidence for multiple given names in the late Roman empire, this name is registerable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the chevron deeper, that is, with a more acute angle at the point.

Edward Aldwin. Name and device. Quarterly azure and sable, a cross nowy between in bend sinister two bears rampant argent.

The byname Aldwin was documented from the Domesday book; at that time, unmarked patronymics were not used in English names. However, Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Alwin, have the name William Aldwen in 1327, which is late enough for a true unmarked patronymic. Given the name Alwyne in 1297 in the same entry, Aldwin would not be unexpected.

Fearghus Amhreaidh. Device. Gules, a fist couped sustaining two arrows in saltire points to sinister, a chief triangular argent.

Griffin Ó Suaird. Name change from Griffin O'Swerde and badge. Vert, a decrescent within a bordure embattled Or.

The name mixes English and Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

His old name Griffin O'Swerde, is released.

Please advise the submitter to draw the decrescent larger. Also, please inform him that all four corners of the bordure should be drawn the same.

Grimarr Ivarsson. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Günther Tode. Name and device. Quarterly sable and argent, a wolf rampant counterchanged.

Nice armory.

Iastreb Desislavich. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There was some question whether the patronymic Desislavich was correctly formed. According to Paul Goldschmidt, "Paul Goldschmidt's Dictionary of Russian Names - Grammar" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/paul/zgrammar.html), it is. Goldschmidt notes in the "Masculine Patronymics" section that "The basic rule is that an 'o' occured after a hard consonant, while an 'e' occured after a soft consonant or in place of a vowel (i.e., with the vowel dropping out)", and gives the example "Sviatoslav fathers Sviatoslavov ." The parallel for the submitted name would be Desislav fathers Desislavov. Later in this section, Goldschmidt notes the grammar for patronymic constructions using the suffix -vich: "The grammatical construction is really quite simple (assuming your eyes have not glazed over by now!). Simply add an '-ich' to the basic patronymic construction (case #1) in most cases, with the exception of given names that end in '-av' (in which case, the 'ov' used in construction #1 drops out to ease pronunciation)". The example in this case is "Sviatoslavov becomes Sviatoslavich (note the missing "ov"!) ." The parallel with the submitted name is, therefore, Desislavov becomes Desislavich, which is the submitted byname.

James Winfeld. Name and device. Argent, in pale a horse's head couped and a great helm sable.

This device is clear of the device of Eoin MacGriogair, Argent, a chess knight sable crined gules. The default, double-headed, chess knight has a CD from a horse's head; a single-headed chess knight does not have a CD from a horse's head. Eoin's chess knight is indeed the standard, double-headed chess knight. Thus there is a CD for changing the type of half the primary charges (chess knight versus horse's head) and a second CD for changing the number of primary charges.

Lece de Beauchamp. Name and device. Per chevron purpure and sable, a chevron between two fleurs-de-lys and a rose argent.

Submitted as Lecie de Beauchamp, the given name Lecie is a genitive form of the Latin name whose nominative form is Lecia. We only register Latin nominative forms as given names. The submitter indicated that if the name had to be changed, she was cared most about the sound, which she indicates is "Lacy". Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Lettice, notes the form Lece in 1273 (and its diminutive Lecelina in 1220). Lece is closer in pronunciation to "Lacy" than Lecia; given this, we have changed the name to Lece de Beauchamp in order to register it.

Maria Mellitiz. Name and device. Argent, on a pall inverted azure between three vines palewise vert three bees, heads to center Or.

The vines were blazoned on the LoI as inverted, with the couped portion to chief and the leaves' tips pointing to base. There's no difference for inverting a vine, and very little visual difference: the inversion of the charges is well-nigh invisible. We are blazoning these simply as vines palewise, leaving the exact orientation of the foliage to the artist.

Matheus de Pragelato. Name.

Nikolaus Hildebrand. Name and device. Argent, a firebrand bendwise proper enflamed and an orle of fleurs-de-lys gules.

Originally submitted as Nikolaus Hildebrand, the name was changed at kingdom to Nikolaus Hildebrant to match the available documentation. However, Albion notes a document from August 26, 1492, in Hamburg that references Gesken Hildebrandes dochter (http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/3frame.html?/hamburgisches_ub/quellen/mn/mn13.htm). This supports the nominative Hildebrand. Given this, we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

Batonvert noted: "Regarding the form of the primary charge, it's a common motif in Continental armory, being a badge of the Visconti -- and drawn in just about this exact form in the arms of von Brandis, c.1370 (Gelre f.97). Parker, in his discussions under staff (p.551) and torch (p.576) suggests that fire-brand would indeed be an appropriate and concise term for this motif." As a period charge, the firebrand is an acceptable charge in the Society. It should be drawn as a ragged staff with the top end enflamed. When proper, the ragged staff is brown.

Octavius of Iron Mountain. Name.

Okeborne Keep, Shire of. Branch name.

The use of the element Keep in a branch name is SCA-compatible. However, the submitters may want to know that the Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. keep, gives 1586 as the first dated example of the word used as "the innermost and strongest structure or central tower of a mediæval castle, serving as a last defence; a tower; a stronghold, donjon." The "Middle English Dictionary" (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/) gives no definitions of the word that are related to placenames other than to note that it occasionally occurs as a surname. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Keep, conjecture that the name atte Kep may refer to a jailer.

Sean MacGarrow. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or, two smoking pipes in saltire between in pale two broadarrows inverted counterchanged.

Submitted as Seóan MacGarrow, the submitter indicated that he preferred the spelling Sean if it was registerable. Mari neyn Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/) shows Sean as an Early Modern Irish spelling; this spelling is found in an Annals entry from 1487. We have changed the name to Sean MacGarrow in deference to the submitter's wishes.

There was some question whether the spelling MacGarrow is registerable. It was documented as a header form in Black, The Surnames of Scotland, but the header spelling is not consistent with period forms shown in that entry. Fischer, Fischer, and Kirkpatrick, The Scots in Sweden: Being a Contribution Towards the History of Scots Abroad, p 222 lists a Brian Macgarrow as a member of Jacob Ramsay's regiment in 1631. While the names in this list may be modernized, there is no reason to believe that this is the case. Given this, we will give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the form MacGarrow is found in the gray area, and is, therefore, registerable.

The primary charges were blazoned on the LoI simply as pipes, with no qualifiers. In medieval blazonry, the unmodified term pipes referred to bagpipes, such as those being played by the hares of Fitz-Ercald, c.1525 (Chesshyre & Woodcock, Dictionary of British Arms, I:294); but while bagpipes are certainly the most common form of pipes in Society heraldry, they're also explicitly blazoned as such. The type of pipe used to inhale the fumes of burning herbs, though a period artifact, hasn't been found in period armory; the same form as in this submission has been variously blazoned as smoking pipe, Saracenic smoking-pipe, or clay pipe, so we have chosen the most common of those terms to use here.

We hereby rule that no type of pipe is default in Society heraldry: the type must, in every case, be specified in the blazon. Currently, the Society has examples of bagpipes, panpipes, organ pipes, and smoking (or clay) pipes; the one example of an unmodified pipe is being addressed in this LoAR.

Sorcha inghean Chaillin. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Sorcha ingan Chaillene, a correction was issued to change the name to Sorcha inghean Chaillin. We have made this correction.

There was some question whether the name Caillin was registerable in an Early Modern Irish form; the documentation for the name did not provide dated forms that late, and no documentation was provided to show whether Caillin was verated as a saint. We found Caillene as a saint's name in The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country, edited by John O'Donovan. As a saint's name, then, this name is registerable in both its Old/Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish form. The Annals of the Four Masters in an entry for 1478 notes a "Roibeard comhorba Caillin d'écc." (Robert, the successor of Caillin, died).

Stephanie of Nethyrwode. Badge. (Fieldless) A compass rose quarterly azure and Or.

Stephanie of Nethyrwode. Badge. (Fieldless) A seahorse Or, tailed sable.

Theodoricus Isenhut. Name.

MIDDLE

Barbara Starding of Wensley. Reblazon of device. Sable, on a cross swallowtailed quadrate Or four hearts conjoined in cross, points outward azure.

This was registered in May 1983 with the blazon Sable, on a cross quadrate double-fitched at all four Or four hearts conjoined in cross, points outward, azure. While there are period examples of the term cross double-fitched or double-fitchy, they don't match the cross in this device. We've amended the blazon to better reflect the shape of the cross used here.

Brient of Dragon's Vale. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Purpure, a stag's head erased between three pheons inverted argent.

Submitted under the name Brient Brekeboge.

Clare of Monkeswell. Name and device. Azure, a clarion Or within a bordure embattled argent.

Nice armory.

Duccio Alighieri. Reblazon of device. Per pale vert and gules, a cubit arm Or maintaining a quill pen and an artist's brush in saltire argent, a bordure embattled Or.

Registered in April 1999 with the blazon Per pale vert and gules, a cubit arm Or maintaining a quill pen and brush in saltire argent, a bordure embattled Or, the fact that this is an artist's brush was omitted from the blazon.

Gerard Montagu. Name.

Jacobus Venator. Name.

Jane the Tall of Carlisle. Name and device. Azure, a chevron rompu and in base an arrow inverted argent.

Originally submitted as Jane the Tall of Carlisle, the name was changed to Janne the High of Carlell(e) at kingdom. No reason for the change is given, but it is apparently based on comments concerning an authentic form of this name provided by Fause Losenge.

First, the summarization appears to misunderstand the meaning of a letter appearing in parenthesis within a name. In this case, it means that the name is found both with and without the letter in parenthesis, so Carlell or Carlelle, but not Carlell(e). While either Janne the High of Carlell or Janne the High of Carlelle is a lovely form of this name, the name was registerable as submitted. Given that the submitter did not request an authentic name, we are puzzled why it was changed. Talle is an attested surname; the Middle English Dictionary, s.v. Tal, shows a John Talle in 1265. In addition, tall is a well-attested ordinary descriptive English adjective applied to humans in period. John Gower, Confessio amantis, book 5, lines 2401-2500 contains the passage "Som on, for sche is long and smal, / Som on, for sche is lyte and tall" (some [men], that she is long and small, some [men], that she is light and tall). A 1554 edition of Caxton, The right plesaunt and goodly historie of the foure sonnes of Aymon, chapter XXVIII, has the passage "saw he was a tall man & wel made ." For the spelling Carlisle, the submitted documentation notes:

[Carlell(e)] -- Reaney & Wilson s.n. <Carlisle> have the following forms: <de Carlyle> 1158x1164, <de Karlisle> 1310x1311, <Carlelle> 1363, <Carlille> 1370. Bardsley s.n. <Carlisle> has <de Carliolo> 4 Edward II (i.e., 1310x1311), <de Carlell> 1379, <de Karleyll'> 1379, <de Carlhill> 1379, <Karlyle> 1547, <Carleill> 1586, and <Margaret Carleill> 1598. F.K. & S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601, Chas. A. Bernau, Walton-on-Thames, 1910, p. xxvii, show only the spellings <Carleile>, <Carlile>, and <Carlill>.

The aberrant <Karlisle> seems to be found only in the early 14th century, probably only in London records concerning the Londoner Thomas de Karlisle. (In addition to the London record of 1310x1311 cited by Reaney & Wilson, <<http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=33096> > has another dated 1314. Watts s.n. <Carlisle> says that the spelling is also found in 1318; he gives no source, but another reference to Thomas seems likely.)

The fact that the Karlisle is found in the early 14th C is sufficient to support its registration. However, we have found other examples of the spellings Karlisle and Carlisle as a placename in period. A document at British History Online (http://www.british-history.ac.uk), "Records relating to the Barony of Kendale: volume 3 (1926) " notes an item "Geven att Karlisle [emphasis added] the xiij day of June the viijth yere of the Reign of our Most Naturall Soverayn lord King Henry the viijth." Also, while this is a Scots reference, the "Dictionary of the Scots Language" (http://www.dsl.ac.uk/), s.v. tretis, has "The wordes of the treateis maid be the commissioners that mett at Carlisle", 1563; s.v. repair "And also my repair again to Carlisle" 1547; s.v. Citidiall, "The citie of Carlisle, with ane strong castell and citidaill thairin", 1578, and many others. Given all of this, we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form.

While a chevron rompu is most frequently drawn by "slicing" the chevron palewise and displacing the point to chief, the slicing can also be done at right angles (more or less) to the chevron itself; an example is found in Guillim's Display of Heraldrie, second edition, 1632, p.133.

Please advise the submitter that drawing the center portion of the chevron narrower (i.e., slice the chevron closer to the center) would greatly improve this depiction.

Kathleen Allen. Reblazon of device. Per saltire gules and Or, a domestic cat sejant reguardant, sinister forepaw maintaining an artist's brush and a quill pen in saltire sable, within a bordure pean.

Registered in September 1984 with the blazon Per saltire gules and Or, a domestic cat sejant regardant, sinister forepaw maintaining a quill pen and brush in saltire sable, within a bordure pean, that blazon would have made the pen bendwise and the brush bendwise sinister. A check of the emblazon shows that the brush is bendwise, and the pen bendwise sinister; we've also specified the type of brush.

Moraig Anne Drummond. Reblazon of badge. Or, a pomegranate slipped and leaved gules, seeded Or, between flaunches sable.

This was registered to Northshield in May 1998 and transferred to Moraig in April 2003 with the blazon Or, a pomegranate gules, seeded Or between two flaunches sable; the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

Nicholas Abbas de l'Eau Vivante. Reblazon of device. Argent, a crozier azure and a ford proper.

Registered in August 1972 with the blazon Argent, a base barry-wavy azure and argent, a crozier azure, that blazon omitted the fact that the base is wavy, as well as barry wavy; and it didn't blazon the primary charge first. We've corrected the blazon, and taken the liberty of blazoning the base as a ford to add to the cant.

Philippa Montagu. Name.

Pierre de Montereau. Device. Vert, a dolphin naiant contourny and on a base urdy argent a rose gules.

Please advise the submitter to draw the rose larger.

Vukasin of Tirnewydd. Name (see RETURNS for device).

NORTHSHIELD

Huldesendis von Falkenstein. Name.

Submitted as Huldesendis Von Falkenstein, the preposition in German locative bynames is typically written in all lowercase letters. Therefore, we have changed the name to Huldesendis von Falkenstein.

Kimotsuki Yurimoto. Reblazon of device. Or, on a pall cotised azure a lizard tergiant Or.

When registered in March 2004 with the blazon Or, on a pall cotised azure a lizard Or, the lizard's tergiant posture was omitted from the blazon.

Lars of Nordskogen. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale gules and sable, a wolf sejant ululant to sinister argent and a cross clechy fitchy, on a chief Or three gouttes gules.

Submitted under the name Lars Wolfsblut.

Lloyd of Penrose. Badge for House Penrose. Per pale Or and gules, a boar statant to sinister counterchanged within an annulet sable.

Mary of Carrigart. Name (see RETURNS for device).

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Carrigart is a period placename, or a period spelling. However, the submitter's mother, whose registered name is Mairgret of Carrigart, has provided a letter attesting that Mary is her daughter. Therefore, the byname of Carrigart is registerable under the grandfather clause.

OUTLANDS

Angel d'Auvergne. Name and device. Ermine, a horse rampant purpure, on a chief sable three fleurs-de-lys argent.

Dearbháil inghean Léoid. Name.

Submitted as Dearbháil inghean Léod, the patronym Léod is in the nominative case rather than the required genitive case. The genitive form of this name is Léoid. We have changed the name to Dearbháil inghean Léoid to correct the grammar.

Domingo Diaz de la Vega y Martin. Badge. Sable, on a pale between two escallops Or a cross of Santiago gules.

The question was raised in commentary as to whether the badge, with two allusions to Santiago or St. James (the escallop was a pilgrim's badge of Santiago de Compostela, and the cross of Santiago of course was the badge of the Order of Santiago) might be excessive when combined with the surname Diaz ("son of Diego" or "son of James"). While the allusion is there, we did not find it so excessive as to warrant return in this case.

Iain MacConmhaoil. Device. Per pale azure and sable, a mallet and an axe in saltire argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per pale azure and sable, a carpenter's hammer and an axe in saltire argent, the term carpenter's hammer is ambiguous. It could as easily have referred to a hammer with claws, which is found in period heraldry, but which isn't the hammer in this submission. There has only been one other registration using the term, in the device of Adelric of Saxony: like here, it's a block of wood on a handle. The more usual blazon for this type of hammer is mallet, and we've used it here for clarity. Adelric's armory has been reblazoned elsewhere on this letter.

James Eldon of York. Reblazon of device. Azure, three Celtic crosses one and two and on a point pointed argent a dragon passant contourny azure.

When registered in September 1997 with the blazon Azure, three Celtic crosses and on a point pointed argent and a dragon passant contourny azure, the fact that the crosses are one and two was omitted from the blazon.

James Eldon of York. Reblazon of augmentation. Azure, three Celtic crosses one and two and on a point pointed argent a dragon passant contourny azure, and as an augmentation on a canton vert, in pale a portcullis Or and a crescent argent within a bordure embattled Or.

When registered in October 1998 with the blazon Azure, three Celtic crosses and on a point pointed argent a dragon passant contourny azure, and as an augmentation on a canton vert, in pale a portcullis Or and a crescent argent, a bordure embattled Or, the fact that the crosses are one and two was omitted from the blazon.

Jared of Midewinde. Device. Per chevron vert and sable, three oaks leaves Or and a wolf rampant to sinister argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per chevron vert and sable, a wolf rampant to sinister argent, in chief three oak leaves Or, the charges are co-primary. The presumption when there are two types of charges, one type on either side of a line of division, is that the charges are co-primary. If one type of charge is much smaller than the other, there is a chance that the armory will be returned for blurring the distinction between a group of co-primary charges and a group of primary charges plus a group of secondary charges. In this case, the oak leaves, while smaller than the wolf, are sufficiently large enough to be considered co-primary charges on this divided field. On an undivided field, this may have been returned for not being clearly a group of co-primary charges or a primary charge with three secondary charges. We recommend that the submitter draw the oak leaves larger in the future. Sufficient commenters indicated they conflict checked as co-primary charges that this doesn't need to be pended for further conflict checking.

Máire Dooley. Name and device. Per bend vert and azure, a sun in his splendor Or and a moon in her plenitude argent.

There was some question whether the name Dooley was registerable. The surname Dooley was documented as a modern Irish surname from MacLysaght, Irish Surnames. MacLysaght is not suitable for single documentation for Irish names. While we have no examples of this name as an Anglicized Irish name in period, we do have an example from Cheshire in 1620. Cheshire Notes and Queries, "Notes. Stockport Parish Registers" p 203, shows this line in a transcription of a parish register: "Widowe Dooley of Romiley." While this work was published in 1888, the spellings are consistent with the early 17th C and there is no evidence that the names are normalized.

This name mixes Gaelic and English; this is one step from period practice.

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Reblazon of badge. Vert, on an open scroll argent in saltire an artist's brush and a quill pen sable, a bordure embattled Or.

When registered in March 2005 with the blazon Vert, on an open scroll argent in saltire a brush and a quill pen sable, a bordure embattled Or, the fact that this is an artist's brush was omitted from the blazon.

Robert Moffat. Name.

Seán ua Néill the Staffmaker. Reblazon of device. Or, two staves in saltire between in fess two four-leaved clovers, slips to center vert, on a chief indented azure two palmer's scrips Or.

This was registered in November 1993 with the blazon Or, two staves crossed in saltire between in fess two quatrefoils, stems to center, vert and on a chief indented azure two pouches Or. The charges on the chief match the emblazon for the same charge in the submitter's previously registered badge where the charge was blazoned as a palmer's scrip. Since the device is being reblazoned, we're also substituting the more specific term four-leaved clovers for the previous quatrefoils.

Seán ua Néill the Staffmaker. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) Two wooden staves in saltire proper surmounted by a palmer's scrip Or.

When registered in March 1993 with the blazon (Fieldless) Two wooden staves proper, surmounted by a palmer's scrip Or, the fact that the staves were in saltire was omitted from the blazon.

Stephana Magnyn. Name change from Lucrezia Landino.

Nice 15th C Latinized Swiss name!

Her old name, Lucrezia Landino, is retained as an alternative name.

Ximena Alhaja de Lorca. Reblazon of device. Purpure, two mermaids respectant, each playing a flageolet argent, and a lyre Or.

Registered in September 1996 with the blazon Purpure two mermaids respectant, each playing a pipe argent and in base a lyre Or, the type of pipes was left unspecified. Given the tiny size of the instruments, we've reblazoned them as flageolets, a tiny recorder-like instrument with four finger holes. Also, the original blazon had the mermaids as primary charges with the lyre shoved to base as a secondary; the emblazon shows three primary charges, so we've reblazoned accordingly (and added a comma after the field).

TRIMARIS

Christofle Dubois. Name.

Columb Ó Buachalla. Device (see RETURNS for badge). Argent, a stag's head affronty erased, between its attires a Celtic cross gules, in chief two bull's heads cabossed sable.

Please advise the submitter to draw the bull's heads larger.

Frederich Karl Kyburg. Device. Sable, two chevronels inverted and in canton a fer-a-loup inverted bendwise argent.

The orientation for a fer-a-loup is determined by its line of symmetry, as with a crescent. This fer-a-loup is therefore bendwise.

Frederich Karl Kyburg. Augmentation. Sable, two chevronels inverted and in canton a fer-a-loup inverted bendwise, and as an augmentation a triskele in base argent.

Ian Fitz Patric. Device. Quarterly sable and gules, on a fess wavy between three wolf's heads couped argent, a dragon dormant reguardant vert.

The dragon has its head curled around below its body, but separated: it has good contrast against the fess. We blazon the head posture of dormant creatures, permitting it when identifiability is maintained (as it is here), but grant no difference for it.

Mairi Johnston. Reblazon of device. Per bend azure and Or, a lizard tergiant bendwise and a crow counterchanged.

When registered in December 2003 with the blazon Per bend azure and Or, a lizard bendwise and a crow counterchanged, the lizard's tergiant posture was omitted from the blazon.

Martha Elcara. Reblazon of device. Azure, a nude blonde baby sejant erect to sinister, legs crossed proper.

When registered in December 1986 with the blazon Azure, a blonde baby sejant erect to sinister, legs crossed proper, the unclothed state of the infant was omitted from the blazon.

Serret of Falling Stars. Device. Argent, in pale three shooting stars bendwise sinister gules between flaunches azure the dexter charged with an escarbuncle and the sinister charged with an aeolus argent.

Shooting star is a term used in Society blazonry for a comet inverted. It's used here solely for the sake of the cant.

Thomas the Incomplete. Badge. Azure, a pall between two ruined towers Or.

Winifred of Wallyngford. Name and device. Azure, a portcullis and in chief two sealions erect argent.

Nice armory.

Yaakov ben Shmuel haLevi. Name.

WEST

Anne FitzRichard. Name and device. Per chevron inverted azure and argent, a cat couchant argent and three roses proper.

Ceara MacKeagan. Name.

Submitted as Ceara MacEgan, the byname was documented as a header form in MacLysaght, Irish Surnames. This work provides explicitly modern forms and is no longer acceptable as sole documentation for a name. MacLysaght, s.n. Egan, notes that mac Aodhagháin is the modern Gaelic form of this name. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. mac Aodhagháin, notes the late 16th/early 17th C Anglicization M'Keagan. By precedent, the scribal abbreviation M' is expanded to Mac in first-generation patronymic bynames. We have changed the name to Ceara MacKeagan in order to register it.

This name mixes Early Modern Irish Gaelic and Anglicized Irish. This is one step from period practice.

Isabeau Marguerite Deschamps. Device. Per bend argent and azure, three gouttes de sang in bend and a trillium inverted argent charged with a torteau.

Juan Santiago. Badge. (Fieldless) A brown falcon striking, wings displayed proper maintaining in its claws a rapier bendwise inverted argent.

The sword was tinctured in a light shade of grey. While this isn't recommended for argent charges - for reasons which the color scan on OSCAR made clear - it is currently permitted.

Kerry RanAurora. Reblazon of device. Per fess Or and azure, atop a thimble argent a frog sejant affronty gules.

Registered in June 1975 with the blazon Per fess Or and azure, a frog gules orbed argent pupilled sable, on a thimble argent, that blazon would have made the frog a tertiary on the thimble. Instead, the thimble is the primary charge, centered on the field, with the smaller frog perched atop it. The frog's posture was also omitted from the original blazon.

Leo Diogenes. Device. Argent, a lion sejant contourny gules crined and maintaining in his paw a hammer between three anvils reversed, on a chief embattled sable three bezants.

Although this has a complexity count of nine - five types of charge (lion, hammer, anvil, chief, roundel) and four tinctures (argent, sable, gules, Or) - its style is simple enough, and documentable to late period, that the rule of thumb for over complexity in RfS VIII.1.a can be waived in this case.

Markus Vorosi. Reblazon of device. Argent, a nude man dismembered gules.

When registered in September 1971 with the blazon Argent, a man dismembered gules, the fact that the man is nude was omitted from the blazon.

Padraig Mactyre. Name (see RETURNS for device).

This name mixes Irish Gaelic and Anglicized Scottish Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

Rhys of Vakkerfjell. Name and device. Sable, a fess invected on the upper edge between two wolves combatant and a wolf passant Or.

Sárán mac Ímair. Device change. Argent, a glaive vert.

The submitter's previous device, Or, a pair of bat's wings, conjoined and displayed, sable within a bordure countercompony vert and argent, is released.

Zahra bint Talib. Reblazon of device. Sable, three pomegranates slipped and leaved Or, seeded gules.

When registered in February 1998 with the blazon Sable, three pomegranates Or, seeded gules, the slipping and leaving was omitted from the blazon. While pomegranates are frequently found slipped and leaved, that is not their default.

- Explicit littera accipendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Gabriel Hawkes. Device. Per chevron Or and purpure, an angel argent maintaining against its body a straight trumpet palewise inverted, in chief two tau crosses, a bordure embattled sable.

This device is returned for blurring the distinction between primary and secondary charges. Had the angel been entirely on the purpure portion of the field - which is what one might expect for three charges on a per chevron field - there would have been no problem. Had the angel completely overlain the line of division, with the tau crosses relegated to secondary status, there would probably have been no problem (as long as identifiability was maintained). As it is, the angel barely crosses the line of division, making it impossible to judge the status of the charges in chief. It needs to be redrawn... preferably with the angel entirely on the purpure, to maximize contrast.

There were some remarks about the forms of the tau crosses used here. We note that these tau crosses are on a par with the example shown in Legh's Accedens of Armorie, 1576, fol. 35, and less florid than the tau cross registered to Wilrich von Hessen, in September 2007, to which no one raised objection.

Upon resubmission, the bordure should be drawn wider, with the embattlements bolder.

Reyni-Hrefna. Device. Quarterly arrondy sable and vert, in annulo five arrows fracted in their centers so as to form a mullet voided argent.

This device is returned for several problems. The most severe is the unrecognizability of the arrows: drawn so slender, with their barbs and fletches hardly noticeable, they would be hard to recognize even in their default posture. When fracted and arranged in this manner, they lose all identity: they are seen as a mullet voided, which (while undoubtedly the submitter's intent) makes for poor heraldic design.

The very fact that the arrows are broken and arranged to resemble a mullet voided is likewise a reason for return: we have no evidence that this sort of arrangement is a period heraldic motif. While charges can be conjoined to form a mullet in Society armory (e.g. five pheons conjoined, hafts inward), the charges in question shouldn't be fracted or otherwise distorted to accomplish this: such treatment goes beyond the limits of the acceptable.

Finally, because this visually is equivalent to Quarterly arrondy sable and vert, a mullet voided argent, this conflicts with the device of Yerek the Inert, Sable, a mullet of four points voided argent. There's a CD for field tincture, but we grant no difference between mullets of four and of five points.

ANSTEORRA

Caitrin de Lacy. Name and device. Per pale erminois and ermine, two grapevines fesswise throughout and entwined vert fructed purpure, issuant from chief a demi-sun gules eclipsed Or.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the spelling Caitrin was found in period. The name was documented from the given name section of Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames. Unless explicitly dated to period, the names in this section reflect forms in use when this work was first published -- 1923. As such, the given name section of this work is not acceptable sole documentation for a Gaelic given name.

If the submitter is interested in a fully Gaelic form of this name, we suggest Caitriona or Caiterína de Lacy. Caitriona is the normalized Early Modern Irish form of this name according to Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index to Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex), while the same article lists Caiterína as a form from an early 16th C entry in Annála Connacht. The name de Lacy is found in a 1220 entry of Annals of the Four Masters. Because the submitter does not allow changes, we cannot change the given name to a documentably period English or Gaelic form.

This device is returned for a redraw of the demi-sun; as drawn it appears to be a roundel Or fimbriated of flame gules. Fimbriation of flames has long been disallowed. The sun should have larger rays and the eclipsing should extend to the edge of the sun's disc. On resubmission we recommend that the grapevines be drawn larger, as befits primary charges.

AN TIR

None.

ARTEMISIA

None.

ATENVELDT

Joan Doe. Name.

This conflicts with John Doe, which is a well known legal term for an unidentified male. By precedent, this name is protected:

This conflicts with John Doe, which is a well known legal term for an unidentified male. [Seaan Dowe, December 1999]

In this case, John and Joan are too close in sound and appearance, and the bynames are identical.

Her device was registered under the holding name Joan of Ered Sul.

Kylan Gadeberg. Name.

No documentation was presented and none supplied by the commenters to suggest that the name Gadeberg is a registerable name. Although the LoI notes that Gadeberg is the submitter's legal surname, no supporting documentation was submitted to demonstrate this. Either a photocopy of an appropriate legal identification or certificate, or an attestation by the submitting herald that they have examined said certificate and the spelling appearing there is as submitted, is needed to invoke the legal name allowance successfully.

ATLANTIA

Clare of Ironwood. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found that the locative byname Ironwood existed in period or that it is consistent with constructed English placenames. Although the name Ironwood has been registered in the past (the most recent as a household name in 2001), an examination of the documentation for past submissions does not provide the necessary information for continued registration of this element. The earliest date for the word Ironwood as the name of a tree in the Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. ironwood, is 1657. Constructing the byname is a problem, as iron is a very rare theme in English placenames. Mills, A Dictionary of British Placenames shows only one example in period, Irenacton in 1248 (s.n. Acton). Ekwall, The Oxford Dictionary of English Placenames, has no examples of compound placenames using the theme iron. Barring evidence that Ironwood is a period motif that might be found in a sign, that it is a valid constructed English placename, or that the submitter is eligible to register it via the grandfather clause, it is no longer registerable.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Clare of Abhainn Iarthair.

CAID

Secca of Venice. Name.

This name has several problems. If taken at face value, the name is two steps from period practice. First, it combines an Old English given name (the name is documented from an Old English poem and is probably an Anglicized form of a Gothic name) with a Middle or Modern English byname. Second, there is a more than 300 year gap between the 7th C date for Secca and the earliest date we have been able to find in English for Venice. The earliest reference to Venice spelling in English we have been able to locate is in the "Middle English Dictionary" (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/med_ent_search.html), s.v. Venice, which has Rob. de Venuiz in 1130. The earliest example of the spelling Venice in English we have been able to locate is in various editions of Mandeville's Travels (such as The buke of John Mandeuill, being the travels of Sir John Mandeville, knight, 1322-1356 : a hitherto unpublished English version from the unique copy (Egerton ms. 1982) in the British Museum, ed George Warner). As all editions of Mandeville we have been able to locate are from later manuscript copies, this puts the date somewhat later than the 1322-1356 dates covered by the Travels.

If we take the given name as a Gothic name, the name is still unregisterable. In this interpretation, the name combines a Gothic given name with a Middle or Modern English byname. Such combinations are not registable.

If the submitter is interested in the name Secca as an Old English name, it is registerable in that context. Ekwall, The Oxford Dictionary of English Placenames, s.n. Seckington, notes that it derives from the Old English personal name Secca.

Ymanya Bartelot. Device. Or, a popinjay gules beaked, winged and tailed argent.

This device is returned for inadequate contrast of the popinjay. The defining features of the popinjay, its beak and tail, are argent on Or. This lack of contrast fatally hinders identification of the bird. We've previously ruled (Catherine Townson, February 2006) that there's a CD between a raven and a popinjay, based on the beak and tail; it thus becomes important that those features be seen, which means they must have good contrast.

This device is clear of the device of Flann Ua Cuill, Or, an owl gules. There is a CD between a popinjay and an owl, when both are in their default postures. There is a second CD for changing half the tincture of the bird: the beak, wings, and tail of Ymanya's popinjay constitute half the charge. The submitted device is also clear of the device of Þorsteinn Yngvarsson, Or, a raven within a bordure gules with CDs for changing the types and tincture of the bird, and for removing the bordure.

CALONTIR

Katalena Krolikova. Name change from Catalina Artemisia Anguissola and device change. Argent, three pine trees couped, on a chief azure a rabbit courant argent.

The submitter has withdrawn this name and device.

Saorlaith Cannan. Name. Argent ermined purpure, on a plumed great helm vert a cross of four swords, tips conjoined, argent.

This name is two steps from period practice. First, it mixes a Gaelic given name with an Anglicized Gaelic or Scots byname. Second, there is a temporal gap of more than 300 years between the latest date we could find for the given name and the earliest date we could find for the byname.

There was some question whether the form Saorlaith was registerable. It is not. The spelling Saorlaith was documented as the modern spelling of the name from Ó Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names. The only examples they give for this name are early ones, saying, "...this early name was borne by the mother of Máel Brigte mac Dornáin, abbot of Armagh." According to Lanigan, An Ecclesiastical History of Ireland, p 339, Maelbrigid, "son of Tornan or Dornan" held this rank at the end of the 9th C. We were able to locate only a single example of the name Saerlaith (found as Soerlaidh) in the Irish annals. The Annals of Ulster entry for 969.2 says "Soerlaidh ingin Elchomaigh .c. annis moritus" (Saerlaith, daughter of Elcomach, aged one hundred, died). This means that, while we have evidence that the name was used in Middle Irish, there is no evidence that it continued to be used into the era of Early Modern Irish. Because this lady is not a saint, and because we have no evidence for the use of this name after 962, it cannot be registered in its Early Modern Irish form.

We note, too, that the given name was changed at kingdom from Saerlaith to Saorlaith. While the difference in sound and appearance between these two names is minimal, changing a name from a Middle Irish to an Early Modern Irish form is currently considered a change of language, which is, in turn, a major change. This is a change that the submitter indicated she would not accept. Submissions heralds, please note, if you have any question whether a change you make is major or minor, please check with the submitter whether they will accept it. Any change that has been explicitly approved by a submitter is acceptable to the College of Arms, no matter what level of change they may have indicated on their form.

In resubmitting, we would recommend an Old or Middle Irish form of this name: Saerlaith ingen Chanainn. The Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 p 207 listes the given name Canainn under "DE GENELOGIA BUIRICH"; the languages of this document are given in the introduction as Latin, Old and Middle Irish. The name mac Canainn appears in entry for 616 in the Annals of the Four Masters. While this is a little over 300 years from the 962 date for Saerlaith, this name does not have the step for linguistic disparity.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability of the tertiary charge. None of the commenters could correctly identify the cross of swords: it was either deemed a cross fleury, or an eyeslit or other artistic detail on the great helm. Drawing the swords' hilts and quillons more prominently might aid in identifying the cross upon resubmission.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EALDORMERE

Brigit Larkin. Device. Quarterly argent and azure, a Saint Brigid's cross throughout counterchanged.

This is a resubmission of a device returned September 2006 for lack of identifiability: the fact that the St. Brigid's cross was throughout, counterchanged, and lacking interior detailing, made it impossible to recognize the charge. This resubmission is the same as the first, but with interior detailing on the cross (showing that it's woven of straw). Unfortunately, that does not address all the issues of the prior return, where it was clearly stated: "Making a cross of Saint Brigid throughout fatally hampers its identifiability; a cross of Saint Brigid throughout is not registerable." This cross is still throughout, and must again be returned.

Eoforwic, Canton of. Badge. Gules, on a tower argent a chevron cotised gules all within a bordure potenty argent.

This badge is returned for non-period style. Precedent states:

[... on a pale azure a salmon haurient embowed contourny in chief a compass star argent ...] It is not period style to have two different tertiary groups on the same underlying charge. The difference in scale between the salmon and the compass star makes the compass star appear to be in a subsidiary charge group to the salmon. There is precedent pertaining to this matter: [citing the return of Esperanza Razzolini d'Asolo, 10/95] [Uma, Shire of, 10/01, R-Drachenwald]

This precedent was upheld in March 2006, in the return of Mathias Kotov.

When on a field, a chevron cotised is considered a primary charge and two secondary charges. It is still two charge groups when placed on another charge. As we have not yet been presented evidence for this practice, the motif is still unregisterable.

If a potenty bordure is resubmitted, please advise the submitters to draw the gules and argent "T"s of the potenty symmetrically; they should be the same size.

EAST

None.

GLEANN ABHANN

Alastríona de Breannóc. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the name Alastríona was used in period. The name was documented from the given name section of Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames. While many of the surnames in this book were known in period, the same cannot be said of the given names. In almost all cases, the names in that section are names in use when this book was published -- 1923. As such, this section is not appropriate for SCA name documentation. Barring an example of the name Alastríona dated to before 1650, this name is not registerable.

Her device was registered under the holding name Pamela of Grey Niche.

Ceara inghean Lasair. Device. Argent, a flame and a bordure wavy-crested azure.

This device is returned for a redraw of the bordure. Blazoned on the LoI as rayonne, the bordure is actually wavy-crested. This is a modern line of division and has been unacceptable in the SCA since 1976.

Dante di Pirro. Device. Azure, a vol inverted and a bordure wavy-crested argent.

This device is returned for multiple problems. First, though the bordure was blazoned as rayonne on the LoI, it is actually wavy-crested. This is a modern line of division that has not been allowed since 1976. Second, this is returned for lack of identifiability. No commenter identified the vol inverted - most saw an azure fist or vase or other charge. Internal detailing on the wings may alleviate this problem. Finally, this must be returned for administrative reasons, as the incorrect submission form was used.

Upon resubmission, please instruct the submitter to draw the bordure wider.

Dea Ramberti. Device. Gules, a bobcat passant guardant argent gorged with a collar dependent therefrom a mullet of ten points sable and on a chief doubly enarched argent three paw prints sable.

Blazoned on the LoI as a catamount, that term is used in SCA blazonry for the ounce or maneless lion. As drawn here, the beast combines the features of several types of feline, but is closest to a bobcat. As the bobcat is a New World species, which has not been shown to have been used in period heraldry, its use is a step from period practice. The use of pawprints is a second step from period practice. The two steps from period practice bring this beyond the limits of period style; it must therefore be returned.

We recommend that the submitter choose a feline type known to period Europeans when she resubmits. In addition to the ounce (a.k.a. catamount, natural panther, etc.) mentioned above, period heraldry also sees examples of the Scots wild-cat (a.k.a. cat-a-mountain), the lynx, and the domestic cat.

Frederick Alton. Device. Per bend wavy argent and vert, a frog and in saltire two rapiers counterchanged.

This device was sent to Laurel on an old form. The August 2006 Cover Letter stated "As of the May 2007 Letter of Intent, each Kingdom's name and armory submissions must appear on the new forms, or be subject to administrative return." Because this submision was on the old form, we must return this. Please advise the submitter to draw fewer and deeper waves on resubmission.

Leóna de Montoya. Name.

This name was sent to Laurel on an old form. The August 2006 Cover Letter stated "As of the May 2007 Letter of Intent, each Kingdom's name and armory submissions must appear on the new forms, or be subject to administrative return." Because this submission was on an old form, we must return it.

The submitter should be informed that de Felice, Dizionario Dei Nomi Italioni, the source used to document Leóna, adds accent marks to names as guides to pronunciation. In resubmitting, please drop the accent mark in the given name.

Líadan ingen Ruairc. Name.

The patronymic ingen Ruairc mixes the Middle Irish patronymic particle ingen with the Early Modern Irish patronym Ruarc in violation of RfS III.1.a. This rule states that all elements in a single name phrase must be in a single language; Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish are considered different languages for purposes of this rule. Either ingen Ruaircc, a fully Middle Irish form, or inghean Ruairc, a fully Early Modern Irish form would be registerable, but either changes the language of a name element, a major change which the submitter will not accept. Therefore, we are forced to return this.

Lucilla of Aberdaron. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the given name Lucilla and the locative Aberdaron are culturally compatible. The given name was documented from Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Lucilla, who says "St Lucilla was a 3rd-C Roman martyr. Lucille is not uncommon in France and is occasionally imported into England." No documentation was submitted and none found that Saint Lucilla was known or venerated in either England or France in period. As such, we must view it as a Roman name. Names combining Roman and Welsh elements are not registerable:

...Lacking evidence that combining 6th C Roman Latin with Welsh spoken in the Middle Ages is plausible in period, this combination is not registerable.[Flavia Elena Glamorganshire, June 2003]

Lucilla is also found as a late period Italian name; Greg Lindahl's transcription of Cesare de Negri, Le Gratie d'Amore notes a Lucilla Cattanea. Unfortunately Italian/Welsh combinations are, likewise, unregisterable.

Ordinarily, the locative byname of Aberdaron would not be registerable, since it mixes an English preposition with a Welsh placename. The name was registered in February 2002 to Cerfael Carreg of Aberdaron. There is a note on the LoI that this is her brother, but no corroborating documentation was submitted to demonstrate this. In resubmitting, the combination is registerable to her under the grandfather clause if the submitter demonstrates the relationship (a letter from her brother is sufficient for this) and chooses a name that does not introduce new steps from period practice or violations of the rules not already present in the name Cerfael Carreg of Aberdaron.

Magnús h{o,}ggvandi. Device. Argent, two axes in pile, blades outward sable between a pile and two piles inverted gules.

This must be returned for redrawing and/or redesign. Properly drawn, a pile (inverted or not) should not have room for a charge between its point and the opposite edge of the shield. Moreover, the piles inverted weren't drawn palewise, but tilted to dexter and sinister to make room for the axes. More than one commenter saw this submission as Gules, a capital M throughout argent charged with two axes in pile sable, presumably a play on the submitter's given name.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the piles correctly upon resubmission - bearing in mind that, correctly drawn, there may be no room between them for other charges.

Ragngeirr assabana. Alternate name Ulrich von Hess.

Conflict with Wilrich von Hessen, registered June 2002. The names are too close in sound and appearance.

The name was not adequately documented on the LoI. Only the source, header, and page number were included. This is not, nor has it been for a very long time, adequate for documenting a name; you must also include what the source says about the name. Failure to do so is cause for return. In this case, the source was Bahlow, Deutsches Namenlexicon. This source, s.n. Ulrich, does not show a date for this form, although it does note that the name derives from a Saint Ulrich. The citation for Hess, from the Bahlow/Gentry German Names (an English translation of the Deutsches Namenlexicon), s.n. Hess, shows that the name is not a locative and therefore not appropriate with the preposition von: "refers in general to a member of the tribe of the Hessians." These examples illustrate why including what a work says about a name is as important as noting its presense in a reference work or document.

Sigmundr Agnarsson. Device. Per chevron sable and gules, a chevron, in chief a wolf's head cabossed argent.

This device is returned for a redraw of the chevron, and possibly a redesign. The per chevron line here is drawn so low on the shield, coming up to no more than the fess line, that it blurs the distinction between a per chevron field and a point pointed. Such ambiguity is reason for return. (The fact that the chevron itself is on the slender edge of acceptability makes this look almost like a point pointed voided, which is equally disallowed.)

Part of the reason for the low chevron, of course, is the need to allow room for the wolf's head in chief; if the design were modified to have, e.g., two wolves' heads in chief, or to move the head to base, there would be enough room to draw the chevron properly.

Please remind the submitter, upon resubmission, that orbing (or lack thereof) is considered an unblazoned artistic detail.

Uffa Cynewulf. Name.

This name consists of two Old English given names. Because the practice of unmarked patronymics is unknown in Old English, this name is not registerable. Because the submitter will accept no changes, we cannot change it to make it registerable.

In resubmitting, we recommend changing the name to mean "Uffa, Cynewulf's son" this is done by putting the second name into the genitive (possessive) case and adding a patronymic marker. This gives Uffa Cynewulfes sunu.

His device was registered under the holding name Uffa of Grey Niche.

Wilhelmina Lafaye. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the spelling Wilhelmina is found in period. The name was documented as a modern feminine name from de Felice, Dizionario dei Nomi Italioni, s.n. Gulielmo, where it is listed only as a secondary header form. Barring documentation for Wilhelmina in period, this spelling is not registerable.

The submitter noted that the meaning "Mina Lafaye" was important to her. In resubmitting, we would make these suggestions. If the submitter is interested in a registerable Italian/French combination, we suggest Gulielmina Lafaye. Gulielmina is found in Arval Benicour, "Feminine Given Names from Thirteenth Century Perugia" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/perugia/), and in his "Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto of Florence of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/). If the submitter is interested in a Flemish/French combination, we suggest Mine Lafaye. Mine is found in Guntram von Wolkenstein, "Vlaamse Vrouwennamen" (http://sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/vlaamse.htm) where it is found in 17 times in the data from Kortrijk between 1391 - 1428.

LOCHAC

Gaius Furius Maximus Crastinus. Device. Gules, a winged trident Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Brand Armand of Lancaster, Gules, a winged sword Or. It has been previously ruled:

[Sea-wolf vs. sea-unicorn] There is clearly a CD for the change to type of the primary charge; however, though we can see applying X.2 to unicorns and wolves, when they both have fish-tails, the differences between them are lessened to such a point that we do not believe X.2 can be reasonably applied. [3/94, p.15]

In like manner, because both the winged trident and winged sword have wings, while we may grant a CD between the two, RfS X.2 doesn't apply: the presence of the wings is common to both. This ruling applies to winged constructs, such as the winged trident; it doesn't necessarily apply to medieval charges whose definitions include wings, such as griffins and pegasi, where wings are expected.

While the barb on the foot of the trident's haft is unusual, it seems to be a mere artistic conceit, not reason for return.

MERIDIES

Eleri Cadarn. Device. Per pale wavy purpure and sable, two pegasi combatant and a bordure argent.

This device must be returned for unidentifiability of the line of division, due to the extremely low contrast between purpure and sable. In the case of Landric Dægmær (August 1992), it was ruled that a field Per pale embattled purpure and sable had insufficient contrast to permit identification of the embattled line. The same principle applies here: even though the line of division isn't covered by a charge, the tinctures used are so dark that it's impossible to say which complex line of division is used here.

Elspeth Forsythe. Device. Quarterly argent and azure, six escallops, three and three, argent within a bordure all counterchanged.

This device is returned for violating RfS XI.3, which prohibits the appearance of marshalling. Having three escallops in two quarters gives the strong appearance of those quarters being independent armory, exactly what XI.3.b is intended to prevent. While the addition of overall charges is often enough to remove the appearance of marshalling, adding a bordure has long been ruled to be an exception to this:

The appearance of marshalled arms here is overwhelming, even with the bordure as a cadency charge. The intent of the 'overall charge' requirement of XI.3.a is one of a charge lying in the center of the field, not a peripheral charge such as a chief or bordure (which were often used as cadency charges). [10/90, p.16]

Adding a bordure will not remove the appearance of marshalling from quartered arms. [Pegge Legge the Merchant, 3/02]

Grimarr Ivarsson. Device. Per pale gules and sable, in pale three boars statant argent.

This device was sent to Laurel on an old form. The August 2006 Cover Letter stated "As of the May 2007 Letter of Intent, each Kingdom's name and armory submissions must appear on the new forms, or be subject to administrative return." Because this submission was on the old form, we must return this.

Iastreb Desislavich. Device. Per pale Or and gules, a hawk stooping within "suns" in annulo all counterchanged.

The emblazon in OSCAR failed to show the per pale line of division; this is sufficient grounds for return. In addition, the suns were unrecognizable as such: most commenters remarked that they resembled some sort of flower.

MIDDLE

Áine Barleg of Mynydd Seren. Name.

This item was submitted on a form that is no longer valid. If kingdoms receive submissions on old forms, we expect them to either transfer the information to a new, approved form or else to return the item to the submitter.

Balthasar Heuschreck. Name.

Originally submitted as Balthasar Kôlhupfer, the name was changed at kingdom to Balthasar Heuschreck, apparently based on commentary that Balthasar and Kôlhupfer are not contemporary names. While the commentary hinted that the name was changed, neither the fact that the name was changed nor the original form was explicitly noted on the LoI. This is unacceptable; we have consistently warned this kingdom that failing to make explicit mention of changes is cause for return. Because, after repeated warnings, the Letter of Intent still failed to explicitly note that the name had been changed, we are forced to make this an administrative return.

In resubmitting, the submitter should consider the following. The name Balthasar is documented to 1395 from Talan Gwynek, "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/). Kôlhupfer is documented as "the normalized Middle High German form of this name, and notes "the citations are Bertholdus qui dicebatur Colhoppho 1189 and Heinricus Colophus 1192, both of which clearly represent Old High German <côlhopfo> rather than the MHG word." (The source for the names is Talan Gwynek, "Some Early Middle High German Bynames with Emphasis on Names from the Bavarian Dialect Area" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/Early_German_Bynames.html). We note that the form on the LoI Balthasar Heuschreck is both culturally and temporally consistent for the 15th and 16th C. The form Balthasar Colhoppho is registerable, although a step from period practice. Given that Middle High German is an expected form in 1189 and 1192, we would be willing to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that his originally submitted form, Balthasar Kôlhupfer, is registerable. We suggest that the submitter resubmit the form he prefers, noting that he will not accept changes.

Brient Brekeboge. Name.

Originally submitted as Brient Brekebowe, the name was changed at kingdom to Brient Brekeboge, apparently based on commentary that Brient Brekeboge is a fully 12th C form. While the commentary hinted that the name was changed, neither the fact that the name was changed nor the original form was explicitly noted on the LoI. This is unacceptable; we have consistently warned this kingdom that failing to make explicit mention of changes is cause for return. Because, after repeated warnings, this Letter of Intent still failed to explicitly note that the name had been changed, we are forced to make this an administrative return. We also note that, if a submitter does not make an authenticity request, it is inappropriate to change a registerable name. Suggesting a more authentic form to a submitter is fine, changing a name to a more authentic form when a submitter has requested that you do so is fine, making a change that the submitter has not indicated he will accept is never acceptable.

In resubmitting, we note that both Brient Brekebowe and Brient Brekeboge are registerable. We advise the submitter to resubmit whichever form he prefers and check that he will not accept changes.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Brient of Dragon's Vale.

Vukasin of Tirnewydd. Device. Checky gules and argent, a yale rampant sable armed Or.

Unfortunately, this device must be returned for conflict with the badge for Alejandra de Miera, (Fieldless) A yale rampant sable platy. The yale in this submission is a "Bedford yale", which has straight horns and was the supporter of John, Duke of Bedford, d.1435. The "Beaufort yale", which has curved horns and often a body semy of roundels, was the supporter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, d.1444. Both of these variants are shown in Dennys' Heraldic Imagination, pp. 165-166. There is no difference between a "Bedford yale" and a "Beaufort yale". Just as the mullets of a pantheon and the roundels of a panther do not count for difference, neither do the roundels of a yale. This follows a precedent set in 1995:

Given that the presence of plates on yales appear to be left to the artist's discretion and not necessarily blazoned, it seems that their presence, or disappearance, is not countable in terms of difference. [Ciarán Dubh Ó Tuathail, 11/95]

The precedent was upheld June 2000, in the return of Marguerite des Baux. Thus in this submission we have a single CD for adding the field.

The type of yale need not be specified, but may be if the submitter wishes. If it is not specified, either type is an acceptable representation of any given piece of armory. We note that the Bedford yale is generally much slimmer than the yale in this submission, and that the presence (or absence) of roundels is not a distinguishing characteristic between the types.

William de Claxton. Name.

The name conflicts with William Caxton, who introduced the printing press to England and produced the first book published in England in 1470. Through the use of his press to print popular English literature, such as Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales and Malory's Morte d'Arthur, and as a translator and publisher of translated work, his influence on English books and publishing is enormous. He has his own article in "Britannica Online", and his influence is such that he is important enough to protect.

NORTHSHIELD

Lars Wolfsblut. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Wolfsblut is a reasonable German byname. The submitter and the commenters were only able to find one example of a name using the pattern Wolfs + [bodypart] dated prior to 1600, and none found examples of German names using the deuterotheme -blut. Because the name does not appear to be formed following patterns and themes used in German names in period, it is not registerable.

His device was registered under the holding name Lars of Nordskogen.

Mary of Carrigart. Device. Per pale azure and argent, two swans naiant respectant and on a chief three annulets counterchanged.

This device was sent to Laurel on an old form. The August 2006 Cover Letter stated "As of the May 2007 Letter of Intent, each Kingdom's name and armory submissions must appear on the new forms, or be subject to administrative return." Because this submission was on the old form, we must return this.

Ulrich von Strasbourg. Device (see PENDS for name). Azure, a chevron between two pairs of hammers in saltire and an eagle argent.

This device was sent to Laurel on an old form. The August 2006 Cover Letter stated "As of the May 2007 Letter of Intent, each Kingdom's name and armory submissions must appear on the new forms, or be subject to administrative return." Because this was on the old form, we must return this.

OUTLANDS

Ziddina Ait Zumar. Device. Gules, a lozenge fesswise indented vairy argent and sable charged with a lozenge gules.

While the submitter has addressed one of the problems cited in the return of her previous submission - the size of the indentations on the lozenge - she has not addressed all of them, and indeed has introduced more. It is still true that a lozenge may not be specified as fesswise: lozenges are flexible, drawn to fill the space allotted to them, which when alone on the field means the long axis is vertical, not horizontal. Moreover, making the lozenge vairy has made it all that much harder to identify and gives a strong modern appearance: some of the commenters cited an Op-Art effect, while others compared this to modern Southwestern-style art. The entire effect is unidentifiable and non-medieval, either of which is grounds for return.

TRIMARIS

Columb Ó Buachalla. Badge. (Fieldless) A stag's head affronty erased gules, between and conjoined to its attires a Celtic cross Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Sylvanus Huntsman, Argent, a stag's head cabossed gules. There is a CD for fieldlessness, but nothing for adding the maintained cross.

James Standish. Device. Quarterly sable and gules, on a cross argent a Russian firebird volant palewise, head to sinister, and flames issuant from base gules.

This style of Russian firebird has been ruled unregisterable:

Blazoned on the LoI as a Russian firebird, it does not match the other Russian firebirds we've registered. Those all have multi-plumed tails, rather like peacock tails only not in a fan, and they all have head crests. The illustration at http://www.auburn.edu/academic/liberal_arts/foreign/russian/art/bilibin/bilibin27.html is typical of SCA registrations. As we have found no period illustrations of the bird at all, or even evidence that the folktale on which it's based is a period legend, the use of a Russian firebird is a least a step from period practice.

In addition, the bird is not displayed, as blazoned on the LoI: that posture is specifically defined to have the feet stick out on either side of the body, and this bird has no feet. [Syban Khal, 11/06]

This emblazon matches the emblazon of the November 2006 return, above: the bird has no feet, so cannot be displayed as blazoned on the LoI, and the bird's depiction matches no form of Russian firebird either in Russian folk art or previous Society registrations. Since the submitter's prior return in December 2004, the College of Arms has tightened its policies on Russian firebirds: they've been declared a step from period practice, and the depiction must be recognizable. We also try to be lenient with resubmissions that have addressed the reasons for the previous return, but might still have problems - but such lenience is for prompt resubmission and cannot be extended indefinitely.

Please have the submitter redraw this using an accepted form of Russian firebird. Also, please ensure that the tertiary charges (bird and flame) are of equal weight upon resubmission. Having two groups of tertiary charges on the cross would introduce a new reason for return.

Jana Hauersham. Device. Per saltire purpure and sable, a saltire dovetailed argent and overall abased a stag's head cabossed Or.

This device is returned for using a barely overall charge: having the stag's head "overall abased" guarantees that the majority of the head's outline is metal-on-metal, making recognition impossible. Either the head should be solidly overall - i.e., centered on the field, astride the saltire, with most of its outline therefore against the field - or it should be in base, and not overlapping the saltire at all. The half-and-half placement used here has long been grounds for return.

It was also noted that the dovetails of the saltire need to be more pronounced, and less shallow.

Jana Hauersham. Badge. Per saltire purpure and sable, a saltire argent and overall abased a stag's head cabossed Or.

This badge is returned for using a barely overall charge: having the stag's head "overall abased" guarantees that the majority of the head's outline is metal-on-metal, making recognition impossible. Either the head should be solidly overall - i.e., centered on the field, astride the saltire, with most of its outline therefore against the field - or it should be in base, and not overlapping the saltire at all. The half-and-half placement used here has long been grounds for return.

Lucia Alessandra Caldiera. Device. Per pale vert and azure, on a pile throughout argent a flame Or charged with a salamander contourny reguardant gules.

There are three problems with this submission, each sufficient for return.

First, the salamander's flames are Or, not gules as blazoned on the LoI (which none of the commenters could catch, since no color emblazon was posted on OSCAR). We therefore have an Or charge on an argent pile, in violation of the Rule of Contrast in RfS VIII.2.b.ii.

Second, the salamander is not drawn here as a charge enflamed, which would have spurts of flame issuant, but as a charge entirely upon a flame. It is therefore a quaternary charge, disallowed under RfS VIII.1.c.ii.

Finally, this conflicts with the device of the Barony of Marinus, Per pale vert and azure, on a pile enarched throughout argent a trident sable, the points environed of a laurel wreath vert; and with Marinus's badge, Per pale vert and azure, on a pile enarched throughout argent a trident sable. In each case there's a single CD, for the cumulative changes to the tertiary charge group; the enarching of the pile is worth no difference.

WEST

Padraig Mactyre. Device. Checky argent and vert, a wolf rampant azure sustaining a spear gules.

This is returned for lack of identifiability of the charges. Although the checky field is technically neutral, we had a hard time identifying the wolf: many of the wolf's most important features were on a green portion of the field. Much harder to identify was the spear: drawn very slender, with an insignificant spear-head, and aligned exactly along one of the palar lines of the checky field, the spear was virtually indistinguishable. It needs to be redrawn much more boldly, as befits a co-primary or sustained charge. The spear has to be visible, and an undoubted co-primary or sustained charge, in order for this to avoid conflict with Caramanna Helmsmid, registered May 2007: Or ermined, a dog rampant azure.

Ruaidhrí Mac Diarmada. Device. Argent, a fess nowy azure charged with a plate.

Unfortunately, this device must be returned for administrative reasons. The documentation that the submitter provided for a fess nowy was neither summarized on the LoI nor forwarded to Laurel. Without the input of the College, we decline to rule on the acceptability of a fess nowy. We encourage him to resubmit this device and advise the West College of Heralds that his documentation should be properly summarized on the LoI and copies sent with the submissions packet.

We note that the example of the fess nowy posted on OSCAR was taken from Randall Holmes' Academy of Armory, a massive compendium of charges published in 1688. As it's beyond even our 1650 "grey period" for documentation, it doesn't seem to provide direct support for the charge. The single Society example of a fess nowy, in the device of Antonia Martín de Castilla (reblazoned elsewhere in this LoAR), was registered back in 1982, and without documentation; it cannot be cited as precedent.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE June 2008 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

MERIDIES

Charmayne d'Aix la Chapelle. Device. Per fess dovetailed azure and argent, a lion passant argent and a tyger passant contourny sable.

Blazoned on the LoI as Per fess dovetailed argent and azure, a lion passant argent and a tyger passant contourny sable, the field tinctures were reversed. As no color emblazon was included in OSCAR, commenters were unable to determine the correct tinctures. Therefore, this device must be pended for conflict checking with the correct tinctures.

As there is a CD between a lion and a (heraldic) tyger, this does not fall afoul of the so-called "sword-and-dagger" rule. Barring conflict, the device is registerable with both the lion and tyger.

This was item 5 on the Meridies letter of June 28, 2007.

NORTHSHIELD

Lorette Roberge. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Lorrette Toberge, both forms and the documentation show the name as Lorette Roberge. Furthermore, the submitter requested a name authentic for late 15th C French, but this request was not mentioned on the LoI. We have changed the header to the spellings on the form and in the documentation and are pending this name to allow the commentary on the submitted form and to address the request for authenticity.

Here is the summary from the LoI:

Lorette - French Names from Chastenay, 1448-1457 - <http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/chastenay.html> - Lorrette dated to 1456.

Toberge - An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris - <http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html>provided, but I could not find this name in the article.

This was item 4 on the Northshield letter of June 30, 2007.

Ulrich von Strasbourg. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic German name, but this request was not mentioned on the LoI. Therefore, we are pending this name to allow the commenters to address this request.

This summary appeared on the LoI:

Ulrich - dated c. 1250-1369 from "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/baholw_v.htm)

Strasbourg - map of Holy Roman Empire from 1547 provided. Has city/town of Strasbourg on it near Eastern border.

The Mercator atlas of 1570 shows Strausberg (with that spelling) on page 69-70.

Access the atlas from: <http://ttp.bl.uk/collections/treasures/mercator/mercator_broadband.htm?middle>

The Oath of Strasbourg show Strazburg (with that spelling) as the Latin spelling in 842

Ergo xvi kal. marcii Lodhuvicus et Karolus in civitate que olim Argentaria vocabatur, nunc autem Strazburg vulgo dicitur, convenerunt et sacramenta que subter notata sunt, Lodhuvicus romana, Karolus vero teudisca lingva, juraverunt

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_Strasbourg>

A woodcut from circa 1490 shows Straßburg (with that spelling) at

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Strasbourg1493.png>

This was item 6 on the Northshield letter of June 30, 2007.

- Explicit -