THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Morien MacBain. Badge. (Fieldless) Four arrows fretted in saltire, overall a sword palewise inverted argent.

This badge appeared on Æthelmearc's September 2007 LoI and was returned for conflict with Ingilborg Sigmundardóttir on the January 2008 LoAR. In response to this submission, Ingilborg Sigmundardóttir has granted blanket permission to conflict with her badge, (Fieldless) A sheaf of a sword inverted between four arrows argent bound with a garter sable. While Wreath had been verbally informed by Ingilborg that the letter of permission to conflict would be forthcoming, such verbal permission to conflict was insufficient to register Morien's badge (non scriptum, non est). The January LoAR was largely written while Wreath was traveling due to modern commitments. The letter of permission to conflict was sent prior to the publication of the January LoAR but was not received by Wreath (primarily due to those commitments) until the day the LoAR was published. With the concurrence of Laurel, it has been decided not to penalize the submitter for the vagaries of the mail system and for Wreath's schedule. Therefore, Morien's badge is being accepted at this time. Ingilborg's blanket permission to conflict is also accepted below (see Caid).

AN TIR

Agnes Cresewyke. Name and device. Gules, three pairs of shears Or.

Nice 14th C English name!

Nice armory.

Althaia filia Lazari. Name.

Amia Turner. Device. Azure, a seahorse and in chief two seeblatter Or.

Auria Vivanti. Name.

Submitted as Aria Vivanti, the name Aria is not registerable:

Submitted as Aria d'Abruzzi, the name Aria is a hypothetical feminine form of the masculine name Ario who was, according to de Felice, Dizionario dei nomi Italiani, a "Roman martyr during the reign of Diocletian." However, we have no evidence that Ario or Aria was used after the Roman period. However, Maridonna Benvenuti, "Feminine Names in Southern Italy" (http://www.maridonna.com/onomastics/FEMSI/FEMSIintro.htm) dates a similar sounding feminine name, Auria, to the 13th C. We have changed the name to the attested Auria d'Abruzzi in order to register it.[July 2006]

In accordance with this precedent, we have changed the name to Auria Vivanti in order to register it.

Ayleth Fairamay. Device. Azure, a cinquefoil and in chief three mullets of six points argent.

Cilléne of Dragon's Laire. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, a cross of Santiago within a mascle Or.

Submitted under the name Cilléne Mac Leòid.

Geoffrey Albryght. Name.

Grece of Huntingdonshire. Name.

Gwyneth Gower. Device. Plumetty vert and Or, on a chief triangular sable an acorn inverted slipped and leaved Or.

James Wolfden of Lions Gate. Name.

Joshua Warden. Name.

Nice 16th C English name!

Maccus of Elgin. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, a mullet of four points and on a chief indented argent three mullets of four points azure.

Rashid al-Qasim. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic 12th C Arabic name. While this name uses common elements found in Arabic names, we do not have explicit 12th C dates for either element. While it is likely that this name is authentic for his requested time period, we cannot guarantee that it is.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Order of the Iris of Saint Elizabeth.

Submitted as Honor of the Iris of Saint Elizabeth, this submission raised the question of whether order names can be named for imaginary holy relics -- relics that are not specifically associated with the named saint. We believe that such names are registerable if they follow patterns found in names of other holy relics. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht McHerrald notes:

I think the issue of whether associating an iris with a Saint Elizabeth is a step from period practice or not is overlooking that the CoA allows the registration of imaginary saints in names. Given that, it makes no sense to regard "the Iris of Saint Elizabeth" a step from period practice when I don't believe "the Iris of Saint Bunstable" would be ruled a step from period practice. So no historical Saint Elizabeth is associated with an iris -- that just means that this is clearly a fictitious Saint Elizabeth (Saint Elizabeth of Elgin, maybe...), but none-the-less a registrable name.

Note that this is no more registering a persona story than registering "Effric neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald" is registering a persona story -- we don't require there to be an actual historical person named Effrick whose father was named Ken3ocht Macherrald. All the CoA should care about is that the name follows a period pattern, not whether or not the persona story is historically true -- in this case a name in use in a Christian culture and so which is available for saints, and a flower which is an item that has been associated with saints and so could be associated with a theoretical saint. (Note that the submitter did not ask for authenticity.) Same thing goes if we use the badge of the order justification -- the CoA doesn't register persona stories, and so does not need to check whether the submitter has a lily for a badge, only whether the name follows a period pattern of construction.

We concur with this assessment. In this case, documentation was found associating an iris with a fleur-de-lis, and further documentation showing a fleur-de-lis (or lily) as a holy object associated with saints. Therefore, this name follows the meta-pattern of object of religious veneration. However, the word honor is not a valid designator for order names, as such a use has not been documented to our period. (We note that the same appears to be true of "award", although longstanding use within the Society allows its continued registration.) While the Kingdom of An Tir has honor grandfathered to them as a designator, such grandfathering does not extend to branches within the kingdom. We have changed the name to Order of the Iris of Saint Elizabeth in order to register it.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Award of the Silver Apple.

The use of the word silver in English order names is SCA-compatible.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Award of the Silver Otter.

The use of the word silver in English order names is SCA-compatible.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Order of the White Scroll.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Order of the Apple Blossom.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Order of the Heart of Saint William.

Submitted as Honor of the Heart of Saint William, this submission raised the question of whether order names can be named for imaginary holy relics -- relics that are not specifically associated with the named saint. We believe that such names are registerable if they follow patterns found in names of other holy relics. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht McHerrald had this to say about the pattern in a similar submission from the same group:

I think the issue of whether associating an iris with a Saint Elizabeth is a step from period practice or not is overlooking that the CoA allows the registration of imaginary saints in names. Given that, it makes no sense to regard "the Iris of Saint Elizabeth" a step from period practice when I don't believe "the Iris of Saint Bunstable" would be ruled a step from period practice. So no historical Saint Elizabeth is associated with an iris -- that just means that this is clearly a fictitious Saint Elizabeth (Saint Elizabeth of Elgin, maybe...), but none-the-less a registrable name.

Note that this is no more registering a persona story than registering "Effric neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald" is registering a persona story -- we don't require there to be an actual historical person named Effrick whose father was named Ken3ocht Macherrald. All the CoA should care about is that the name follows a period pattern, not whether or not the persona story is historically true -- in this case a name in use in a Christian culture and so which is available for saints, and a flower which is an item that has been associated with saints and so could be associated with a theoretical saint. (Note that the submitter did not ask for authenticity.) Same thing goes if we use the badge of the order justification -- the CoA doesn't register persona stories, and so does not need to check whether the submitter has a lily for a badge, only whether the name follows a period pattern of construction.

We concur with this assessment. In this case, documentation was found showing a heart as a relic -- a holy object associated with saints. Therefore, this name follows the meta-pattern of object of religious veneration. However, the word honor is not a valid designator for order names, as such a use has not been documented to our period. (We note that the same appears to be true of "award", although longstanding use within the Society allows its continued registration.) While the Kingdom of An Tir has honor grandfathered to them as a designator, such grandfathering does not extend to branches within the kingdom. We have changed the name to Order of the Heart of Saint William in order to register it.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Ordre du Piller d'Argent.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Award of the Gime Stone.

Submitted as Award of the Gemme Stone, the spellings of the individual elements have been documented, but not their combination into a phrase. The documentation on the LoI explains:

http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED43058

My thanks to Wenyeva atte grene, Juliana de Luna and Teceangl Bach for the following commentary:

Documenting <gemme> and <stone> separately does not necessarily establish that the combination was used in period as <gemme stone>.

The OED, s.v. gemstone, gives examples from c1000 to c1290, but the ME spellings given are (plural) <{gh}imstones>, <{gh}imstanes> and (singular) <{gh}imston>.

The MED, s.v. yimme, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED53962&egs=all&egdisplay=open, gives us more variants, including:

c1275(?a1200)<{gh}im-ston>, a1300 <ymston>, a1300 <ymstone>, c1390(?a1325) <{gh}eem-stones>... but then we get this: a1400 <{gh}ymme ston ... {gh}ymme stones>

But, <gemme> and the <{gh}im> element in these early words for gemstone are two different words. The latter is from the OE form, the former from French, and eventually superseded the English word. The OED has no citations of any form of gemstone between the 13th c and the 19th c! (The MED has some, though, but not later than 1400).

So we have no compounds of <gemme> (the one with the Fr origin) + <stone> until the 19th c, which seems odd. (Surely there must be one out there somewhere!) And we do have at least one version in which the compound is two separate words, but it uses the version that descended from OE: <{gh}ymme ston>.

They should probably not use <gemme>, but instead one of the forms on http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED53962&egs=all&egdisplay=open -- <gimme> or <gime>, perhaps.

We have found no examples of gemme or gem combined with stone (or a reasonable variant, such as stane) during our period. We must assume, as the comments above note, that the two words were not conflated until after our period. Given this, a spelling with the i should be used. We have changed the name to Award of the Gime Stone in order to register it.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Award of the Apple Tree.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Award of the Blue Pearl.

Terra Pomaria, Barony of. Order name Order of the Hasel-note.

Uilliam mac Fearchair mhic Gille Aindrias. Badge for Clan MacAndrew. (Fieldless) In fess a drum sustained by a demi-wolf regardant argent.

The drum is as wide as the wolf and nearly the same size, and therefore sustained not maintained. Thus, the badge is clear of the badge for Johnathan Crusadene Whitewolf, Quarterly sable and gules, a demi-wolf rampant erased argent. There is a CD for fieldlessness, and a second CD for the sustained drum.

The household name Clan MacAndrew was registered to the submitter in January 2006.

Vulcanfeldt, Barony of. Device change. Per chevron gules and Or, upon a sun a laurel wreath all counterchanged within a bordure embattled sable.

These arms are identical to those released by the barony in February 1997. At that time, retaining arms as ancient arms was not an option. The barony has decided that they wish to revert to their original arms. As these arms are clear of conflict, we are registering them.

Note that the branch status has changed (from Shire to Barony) since their last registration.

The barony's current arms, Argent, an apple gules within a laurel wreath vert a chief wavy azure, are retained as ancient arms.

ANSTEORRA

Bernard ben Moshe ha-Kohane. Device. Per fess embattled sable and Or, a bear's head erased and three bars wavy couped counterchanged.

Morgund McKenzie. Device. Argent, on a chevron sable between three savage's heads couped affronty azure, five lozenges argent.

There was some question about the propriety of the wreaths on the savage's heads. As Albion noted:

Those aren't laurel wreaths, they're just generic wreaths, and part of the definition of a savage's head: "The 'savage's head' and the 'wild man's head' are shown with a wreath of leaves on their heads, since the leaves on the rest of their bodies are not in evidence" (PicDic s.v. Head, human). A complete savage is "a hairy bearded man girded with leaves, often carrying a club" (PicDic s.v. Human).

Sabine Dubois. Device. Per pale azure and argent, two unicorns combatant counterchanged.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Helena Hrolfsdottir, Per pale azure and argent, two winged sea-unicorns respectant counterchanged. This letter is needed as the winged sea-unicorn is a modification (addition of wings and a fish tail) of a unicorn, so there's a significant (CD) difference between the two, but not the substantial (X.2) difference needed to bring these clear.

Zoryna Prazan. Device. Azure, a horse rampant between three pheons inverted argent.

The LoI omitted the fact that the pheons are inverted; however, all of the commenters noted the correct orientation so this need not be pended for further conflict checking

ARTEMISIA

Alan Youngforest. Household name League of Saint William of York and badge. Argent, on a pine tree sable a fleur-de-lys argent.

The LoI failed to note that the fleur-de-lys is argent. As a color emblazon was present in OSCAR, we assume that commenters noted the correct tincture and will not pend this for further conflict checking.

Alessandra Gianetta da Siena. Device. Azure, on a pile argent three cinquefoils azure, a bordure ermine.

Arthurus Dunwurth. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Arther of Dunworth, a correction was issued to change the name to Arthurus Dunwurth; this form was specifically requested by the submitter. We have made this change. If the submitter is interested in a fully Latinized version of this name, we suggest Arthurus de Dunwurth.

Ástríðr Grímsdóttir. Name and device. Purpure, on a pale between two reremice in bend argent, a reremouse purpure.

Submitted as Ástriðr Grímsdóttir, the documentation, Haraldson, The Old Norse Name, shows the given name as Ástríðr. By precedent, accents in Old Norse names must be used or dropped consistently. As there are several other accents used in this name, we have added the accent back into the given name and registered this name as Ástríðr Grímsdóttir.

Baruch ben Moshe. Name.

Bianca Spiriti de Fiorenza. Device. Gules, a vol inverted argent and on a chief wavy Or three escallops inverted sable.

Brigit ingen ui Chillini. Name.

Originally submitted as Brigit ingen ui Cilline, the name was changed at kingdom to Brigit ingen Uí Chillíni to correct the grammar and match the documentation. While the grammar corrections were necessary, the documentation corrections (adding a capital letter and adding accents to unaccented vowels) are a matter of choice. When registering Gaelic names, accents must be either used or dropped consistently. Gaelic patronymic markers are found in both mixed and all lowercase letters. We have registered the name as Brigit ingen ui Chillini, which retains the grammar corrections, but eliminates the added accent marks and capitalization.

Caitríona Suthirlande. Name and device. Purpure, a pale offset between in bend sinister a moon in her plenitude and a domestic cat herissony guardant argent.

This name mixes Gaelic and Scots; this is a step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a fully 15th C Scots form of this name, we suggest changing the given name to the Scots Katerine. Katerine is dated to 1464 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names of women mentioned in the Perth Guildry Book 1464-1598" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/scots/perth.html). We know of no Gaelic spelling for Suthirlande, nor do we have examples of locative bynames in Scottish Gaelic, so we cannot suggest a fully Gaelic form.

Finlay Comyn. Name.

James Gislemar. Badge. (Fieldless) A bear statant erect affronty sable.

Marguerite fileresse de saie. Name and device. Azure, a fess wavy and in chief a rapier surmounted by two needles in saltire argent.

Originally submitted as Marguerite Fileressa de saie, the name was changed at kingdom to Marguerite la fileressa de saie to match the documentation, Colm Dubh's "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html). Albion notes:

[B]ased on research that I've done over the last few months in the 1292 Paris census, there's no need to add the article; www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/1292paris.pdf shows the forms fileresse de soie (2), la fileresse de soie (1), la fille-saie (1), Fille-Soie (1), la filleresse de soie (1).

Given this, we have changed the name to Marguerite fileressa de saie, a form closer to the originally submitted form.

The needles are not inverted as blazoned on the LoI; their points are to base by default. The emblazon for this device shows the fess slightly abased. Please advise the submitter that the fess should be centered on the field, even if the charges in chief must be drawn slightly smaller to allow for this.

This device does not conflict with the device of Isabelle Fisher, Azure, a fess wavy and in chief a roundel argent. As noted in the Cover Letter, a sheaf of charges is three charges; therefore, there is a CD for changing the number of secondary charges and another for changing the type of secondary charges.

This device was submitted on a lozenge form from another kingdom as Artemisia does not have an approved lozenge form. There was some concern whether or not this was acceptable. It is. Please see the Cover Letter for a discussion on this issue.

Sarah bat Reuben. Name.

The submitter requested an authentic Hebrew name. Siren notes:

While Jewish names are usually recorded with the vernacular form of the patronym (in French, fille or nothing), we're reasonably comfortable with the idea that in Hebrew context, her name would have been written something like this. To get the Hebrew forms of the given name and patronym, one can look at Julie Stampnitzsky's articles: in her "Names from Hebrew Chronicles of the 10th to 13th Centuries" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juetta/crusades.html), she gives the patronym as <Reuven> and <Saris> as a diminutive of <Sarah>. So, the most accurate form would be <Sarah bat Reuven>. I suspect that treating b/v in that context as interchangeable is at least vaguely justifiable, given the various schemes for transliteration.

We would change the name to Sarah bat Reuven, but the submitter allows no changes.

Siegfried von Katzenburg. Name (see RETURNS for device).

ATENVELDT

Anita de Challis. Badge. (Fieldless) A seeblatt per pale gules and Or.

Faolán Ó Lorcáin. Name change from holding name Faolán of Atenveldt.

This item was pended from the July 2007 LoAR. Originally submitted as Faolán O' Lorccan, the name was changed at kingdom to Faolán Ó Lorcain, presumably to correct the grammar and make the patronymic linguistically consistent (the originally submitted surname mixed an English patronymic particle with an Middle Irish nominative given name). These changes changed the language of the element, a major change which the submitter had indicated he would not accept. However, correspondence with the submitter indicated that his preference is for the form Faolán Ó Lorcain. Precedent requires that accent marks in Gaelic names must be either dropped uniformly or used uniformly; in this case, Lorcán is the standard nominative form for the name used in the patronym. We have changed the name to Faolán Ó Lorcáin in order to register it.

Guido Dragonetti. Name and device. Per chevron inverted Or and gules, in chief a wyvern couchant contourny gules maintaining a wooden lute proper.

Nice 15th C Florentine name!

On OSCAR, the tincture of the lute was a shade of reddish brown that would not have been acceptable. On the forms sent to Laurel the lute is clearly brown; the difference is apparently due to computer coloring of the OSCAR emblazon. At this time, that problem is not grounds for return but we urge submission heralds to scan a copy of the color emblazon rather than recoloring the emblazon.

We advise the submitter to draw the lute a little bit smaller, not as tall as the wyvern, so that it is more clearly a maintained charge. As drawn, it is slightly smaller than the wyvern and is acceptable as a maintained charge.

Lisia Fiorelli. Name and device. Or, a chevronel inverted vert and another gules, in chief three poppies affronty two and one gules.

Submitted as Lisia Anna Fiorelli, the submitter requested an authentic Italian name. The individual elements of the name are all dated to the 14th C, but, we have no examples of double given names in 14th C Italy. We have dropped the second given name to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity and registered this name as Lisia Fiorelli. We note that the name is registerable as submitted.

Seamus McDaid. Badge. (Fieldless) A shamrock per pale azure and argent.

ATLANTIA

Dubhghall mac Donnchaidh. Name and device. Per pale sable and vert, two horseshoes inverted argent.

Please advise the submitter that the horseshoes should have square ends and should show the nail holes. This will enhance their identifiability.

Mariana de Salamanca. Name.

Nice 16th C Spanish name!

Matthew of Battle. Badge. Gules, a fess between two mullets pierced, all within a bordure Or.

Please advise the submitter to draw the fess narrower.

Michel von Schönsee. Household name Duck and Turtle Tavern and badge. Per bend sinister vert and sable, a duck naiant to sinister and a turtle fesswise contourny Or.

The submitter may wish to know that, in period, turtle was not used as a name for a reptile. Loyall explains:

The first instance of <turtle> as a synonym for <tortoise> in the OED [Oxford English Dictionary] is 1657. The older use is for a turtle-dove; the OED says forms with this meaning are found c. 1000, and the spelling <turtle> has been used since the eleventh century. (s.vv. <turtle>, n.2) Thus, the name is registrable, but in our period it would have referred to a pair of birds.

Od Þorgestsson Skallagrímssonar. Name.

Philip Bell. Device change. Sable, a spear bendwise sinister argent enflamed proper.

His previous device, Quarterly sable and argent, four bells counterchanged, is retained as a badge.

Rose Galen. Badge. Azure, a turtle between six roundels in annulo Or.

Susanna inghean Aoidh. Name.

This name combines Scots and Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

Thomas Saer Glamorgan. Device. Per pale gules and Or, a tower sable between in bend two carpenter's squares, corners to chief, and in bend sinister two frame saws, all counterchanged.

Please advise the submitter to draw the carpenter's squares and frame saws larger.

CAID

Alexander Æthelwulfes sunu. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Alexander Æthelwulfsson, the patronymic combines the Old English name Æthelwulf, with the Old Norse patronymic marker -son in violation of RfS III.1.a, Linguistic Consistency. To be registerable, the patronymic must be in either a fully Old Norse form or a fully Old English form. As both the given name and the patronym are Old English forms, a fully Old English patronymic, in this case Æthelwulfes sunu, is indicated. We have changed the name to Alexander Æthelwulfes sunu in order to register it.

This name mixes Middle English and Old English; this is one step from period practice.

Amicia Lenoir. Name.

Angels, Barony of the. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of the Angels (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel gules between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent a standing seraph proper winged Or.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. This badge does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Calafia, Dreiburgen, Dun Or, Gyldenholt, Lyondemere, Naevehjem, and Nordewache at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Annabella bat Gideon. Name.

Anthony Coton. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Arabella Gotokirke. Name.

Bjorn Zenthffeer. Device. Purpure, on a bend between a hunting horn and an axe reversed Or, three pawprints palewise sable.

The use of pawprints is a step from period practice.

Calafia, Barony of. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of Calafia (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel azure between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent a trident Or.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. This badge does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Angels, Dreiburgen, Dun Or, Gyldenholt, Lyondemere, Naevehjem, and Nordewache at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Cathelina delle Vigne. Name and device. Per chevron purpure and checky purpure and Or, on a chevron argent three roundels purpure.

Submitted as Cathelina Dellevigne, the byname was documented from David Herlihy, "Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/newsearch/family_names.html). This source normalizes bynames by eliminating all spaces and capitalizing all letters of the resulting construction. The name appearing as DELLEVIGNE in this source is almost certainly recorded as delle Vigne in the original catasto. We have changed the name to Cathelina delle_Vigne to match the forms found in the original catasto.

Draco de Monte Cassino. Reblazon of device. Vert, a dragon passant contourny Or maintaining in each talon a grenade sable enflamed gules, all between two towers argent and a mountain of three peaks Or.

This device was registered in April 2005 with the blazon Vert, a dragon passant contourny Or maintaining in each talon a grenade proper between two towers argent and a mountain of three peaks Or. As the flames are solidly gules, the grenade is not proper.

Dreiburgen, Barony of. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of Dreiburgen (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel azure between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward a tower argent.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. This badge conflicts with the badge for the Barony of Dun Or, (Fieldless) On a roundel per pale azure and Or between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent a tower counterchanged, submitted at the same time as this badge. While Dun Or's blanket permission to conflict has been rejected for future registrations, we are accepting it for this submission as it clearly was intended to apply to this conflict. The submitted badge does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Angels, Calafia, Gyldenholt, Lyondemere, Naevehjem, and Nordewache at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Dun Or, Barony of. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of Dun Or (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel per pale azure and Or between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent a tower counterchanged.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. This badge conflicts with the badge for the Barony of Dreiburgen, (Fieldless) On a roundel azure between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward a tower argent, submitted at the same time as this badge. While Dreiburgen's blanket permission to conflict has been rejected for future registrations, we are accepting it for this submission as it clearly was intended to apply to this conflict. This does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Angels, Calafia, Gyldenholt, Lyondemere, Naevehjem, and Nordewache at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Ellyn of Tanwayour. Name.

Frederick Nüss von Baden. Name.

This name mixes an English or Dutch spelling of the given name with an otherwise German name; this is one step from period practice.

Gerhart von Altenberg. Badge. (Fieldless) A strike argent.

Nice badge.

As the LoI noted:

The strike, or strake, is a period heraldic charge, found in the arms of the Worshipful Company of Pewterers, both the original version (c.1480-1500) and the current version (1533) ("Armorial Bearings of the Guilds of London", Bromley & Child, pp.197-200). The strike is a matrix of tin or pewter nodules of equal weight, fastened by thin strips and attached to a handle for easy carrying. In use, the pewterer snips off as much or as little metal as needed to fill a melting pot.

This is clear of the badge for Robert of Sacred Stone, (Fieldless) A portcullis argent. As a portcullis and a strike are both period charges, and as we have no evidence that the charges were interchangeable in period, we will grant a CD between the two. There is a second CD for fieldlessness.

The LoI is correct: there is a CD between a portcullis and a strike as both charges are period charges and there is no evidence that they were considered interchangeable by period heralds. We also note that the chains that are part of a properly drawn heraldic portcullis provide a visual difference between a portcullis and a strike.

We note that this is the same charge that Parker (p. 372) identifies as a limbeck.

Gyldenholt, Barony of. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of Gyldenholt (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel azure between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent a hurst Or.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. The submitted badge does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Angels, Calafia, Dreiburgen, Dun Or, Lyondemere, Naevehjem, and Nordewache at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Henil von Berg. Name change from Kevin Daniel Madoc and device change. Gules, the Ark of the Covenant Or.

His old name, Kevin Daniel Madoc, is released.

The Ark of the Covenant is a period heraldic charge, appearing in Legh's Accedens of Armory as Sable, an Arke Or; these are attributed arms (to the Levites), but period armory nonetheless. The Ark of the Covenant is depicted here slightly in trian aspect; this is the same manner it is depicted in Legh. We are retaining the long form, Ark of the Covenant, rather than using ark, since in SCA heraldry an ark is a type of ship.

As the Ark of the Covenant appears only in the attributed arms the Tribe of Levi, the question was raised whether or not its use was presumptuous. The use of the Ark of the Covenant is not in and of itself presumptuous as we do not consider a claim to be a member of the Tribe of Levi presumptuous.

His previous device, Checky purpure and argent, on a chief sable a horse courant argent, is released.

Henri le Juif. Device. Per bend purpure and sable, a bend wavy cotised between two swords in saltire and three fleurs-de-lys argent.

Listed on the LoI as a device change, his previous submission was returned on the December 2007 LoAR.

Ingilborg Sigmundardóttir. Blanket permission to conflict with badge. (Fieldless) A sheaf of a sword inverted between four arrows argent bound with a garter sable.

The permission to conflict with her badge is granted for any armory that is not identical to her badge. This blanket permission to conflict was granted in response to a conflict with a badge submitted by Morien MacBain, which is accepted under Æthelemearc, above. As the blanket permission to conflict contained no special restrictions, it is being accepted without having appeared on a Letter of Intent.

Iuliana da Rauvenna. Name and device. Gules, a goat salient Or and on a chief argent three wagon wheels sable.

Submitted as Iuliana di Rauvenna, the expected preposition for an Italian locative byname is da. We have made this change.

Kathleen de Galloway. Name and device. Per bend sinister purpure and Or, two Celtic crosses counterchanged.

The name Kathleen is SCA-compatible.

Leopold Grimme. Name.

Submitted as Leopold Grimm, the name is a header spelling in Bahlow/Gentry, German Names; this source shows the dated forms Grimme (1559) and Grymme (1491). No documentation was found for the spelling of this name with two ms without the terminal e. We have changed the name to Leopold Grimme to match the documentation.

Lucian of Caid. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale purpure and Or, a tower and a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Please advise the submitter to draw the bordure wider and with more even crenellations.

Submitted under the name Lucian Barasu.

Lyondemere, Barony of. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of Lyondemere (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel vert between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent an escallop Or.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. The submitted badge does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Angels, Calafia, Dreiburgen, Dun Or, Gyldenholt, Naevehjem, and Nordewache at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Mansur ibn al-Sha'bi ibn Rafi'. Name change from holding name 'Abd al-Salam of Saint Artemas.

Marion Fitzthomas. Badge. (Fieldless) A turnip per fess indented purpure and argent.

The Society has defined a turnip proper to have "the top half of the turnip purpure and the bottom half argent (with a somewhat wavy line of division) with vert leaves; neither the purpure nor the argent should predominate." [LoAR 02/2006] In this case, the leaves are nearly non-existent, but the turnip's division is clearly the heraldic per fess indented line, and we will so register it.

Naevehjem, Barony of. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of Naevehjem (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent an ermine spot gules.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. The submitted badge does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Angels, Calafia, Dreiburgen, Dun Or, Gyldenhold, Lyondemere, and Nordewache at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Niese Feyken Otter. Name.

Submitted as Niese Feyen Otter, the spelling Feyen is an undated header spelling. We have no evidence that this spelling is consistent with period spellings, as the only dated spellings we have are from Bahlow/Gentry, German Names, s.n. Fey: Fey 1300, and Feyken, 1457. We have changed the name to Niese Feyken Otter, the dated form closest in sound and appearance to the submitted form, in order to register it.

Nonne Reerdan. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Nonne Reardon, the byname was documented as a 20th C name from MacLysaght, The Surnames of Ireland. MacLysaght is not suitable as sole documentation because both the Gaelic and English forms of names in this work are modern. Woulfe, Irish Name and Surnames, s.n. Ríoghbhardáin, provides O Riverdan, O Riourdane, O Reerdan as Anglicized Irish forms to temp. Elizabeth I - James I. We have changed the name to Nonne Reerdan in order to register it.

Nordwache, Barony of. Badge for former territorial barons and baronesses of Nordwache (see RETURNS for blanket permission to conflict). (Fieldless) On a roundel azure between and conjoined to eight crescents in annulo horns outward argent a phoenix Or.

We note that the roundel and crescents are co-primary charges. The submitted badges does not conflict with the badges submitted by the baronies of Angels, Calafia, Dreiburgen, Dun Or, Gyldenholt, Lyondemere, and Naevehjem at the same time. In each case there is a CD for fieldlessness and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge.

Raphael ben Gideon. Device. Argent, on a card pique sable a lion couchant queue-fourché, maintaining a sword argent.

This was pended on the July 2007 LoAR

Sabyna of Aydon. Name.

There was some question whether the form Sabyna was registerable. Sabyna is a documented Latin spelling. The name Sabyna, filia Johannis atte Snode is dated to 1340 on p 221 of The Letter Books of the Monastery of Christ Church Canterbury vol II, J. Brigstocke Sheppard, editor.

Sárán mac Duinn. Name and device. Per bend gules and sable, a mullet and a crescent inverted argent.

Talitha de Barde. Name reconsideration from Talitha le Barde.

Her old name, Talitha le Barde, is released.

Thomas Whitehart. Device. Azure, a stag trippant argent between three harps Or.

Thomasina Fulredy. Name.

Nice 14th C English name!

Ulrich Eichenschild of Prussia. Reblazon of device. Per bend azure and argent, a pile bendwise inverted throughout counterchanged, overall a tree eradicated gules within an orle counterchanged.

This device was registered in August 1988 with the blazon Gyronny of four from dexter chief azure and argent, a tree eradicated gules within an orle counterchanged. We have no examples of either Gyronny of four or Gyronny (of any number) issuant from the edge of the field in period armory; we might, in a pinch, accept the latter, but not the former, and certainly not both. This arrangement is visually a pile issuant from sinister base counterchanged with charges overall, and we have so reblazoned it.

CALONTIR

Bj{o,}rnólfr glaumr. Name and device. Sable, in pale a sun and a drakkar, a base argent.

Nice Old Norse name!

A drakkar's sails are unfurled by Society default.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Standard augmentation. Purpure, a cross of Calatrava and a bordure Or.

The blanket permission to conflict granted by Bianca Fioretta da Ravenna applies as the submitted armory is not identical to her device, Purpure, a cross moline disjointed, a bordure Or.

Chrystofer Kensor. Device change. Azure, a wolf rampant contourny argent maintaining in his sinister paw an adze bendwise argent hafted Or, a base argent and in chief a ducal coronet Or.

The axe was blazoned as a Fracsiscan [sic] axe; however, it is actually an adze (or, in French, a doloire), not a francisque. Blazoned on the LoI as sustained, as most commenters noted that, as the axe is not as long as the wolf is tall, it is maintained.

The submitter is a duke and thus entitled to display the ducal coronet.

His previous device, Azure, a wolf rampant to sinister argent sustaining a halberd argent hafted Or, a base argent and in chief a ducal coronet Or, is released.

Chrystofer Kensor. Augmentation. Azure, a wolf rampant contourny argent maintaining in his sinister paw an adze bendwise argent hafted Or, a base argent and in chief a ducal coronet Or, for augmentation, on a canton purpure a cross of Calatrava and a bordure Or.

The axe was blazoned as a Franciscan axe; however, it is actually an adze (or, in French, a doloire), not a francisque. Blazoned on the LoI as sustained, as most commenters noted that, as the axe is not as long as the wolf is tall, the axe is maintained.

The augmentation is Calontir's standard augmentation, registered above. As the augmentation is not identical to Bianca Fioretta da Ravenna's device, Purpure, a cross moline disjointed, a bordure Or, her blanket permission to conflict applies.

The submitter is a duke and thus entitled to display the ducal coronet.

Dairenn Hrafnsdottir. Device. Per pall vert, sable and argent, a butterfly Or and two cats statant respectant argent and sable.

Dominica Bella Serafina Trioni. Name and device. Purpure, a pall wavy between three crosses of Toulouse Or.

This name is an Italian name with three given names; this is one step from period practice.

Faolan MacThighearnain. Badge. (Fieldless) On a wolf's head erased contourny sable an ermine spot argent.

Jehannette Montjaux. Name and device. Or, a rooster contourny purpure and a mount vert.

Julia da Brescia. Device. Vert, an annulet argent enflamed on the outer edge proper and a chief engrailed argent.

Maximillian Johann von Kleve. Device. Sable, an escutcheon within an orle of crosses formy argent.

Murdoch Macfarlane. Name.

Originally submitted as Murdoch MacFarlane, the name was changed to Murdoch Makfarlane to match the documentation. The c to k switch in Scots and Anglicized Scottish Gaelic is well attested. Given this, we have changed the name to Murdoch Macfarlane, the form preferred by the submitter.

Sarah Devereaux. Device. Per pale argent semy-de-lis sable and sable, a falcon striking vert.

Please advise the submitter that internal detailing would improve the identifiability of the falcon.

Tancred del Mosse. Name and device. Per pale Or and gules, two snakes erect each nowed counterchanged.

DRACHENWALD

Gyles Rochester. Name.

Nice 16th C English name!

EAST

Abram de Tatecastre. Name and device. Gules estencely, on a chevron Or three frets couped azure.

Submitted as Avi de Tatecastre, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Avi is a period Hebrew name or that it is temporally or linguistically consistent with a Latinized Middle English placename. The submitter indicated that if Avi was not registerable, he would accept Abram, which is found in Eleazar ha-Levi's "Jewish Naming Conventions in Angevin England" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/jewish.html). We have made this change.

Alana bat Meir. Name change from holding name Norma of Settmour Swamp.

Aleksandr the Traveller. Badge. (Fieldless) A windmill vert maintaining through the sinister chief blade a tilting spear fesswise reversed Or.

This badge does not conflict with the badge for Sheri Lynn of Emerson Lake, Or, a tower vert. There is a CD between a tower and a windmill with its sails in the default orientation (in saltire). This does not contradict the 1994 precedent:

[Returning Argent, a windmill, sails in cross, within a bordure embattled azure.] The sails of the windmill are effectively invisible here, even on the large emblazon. As a consequence, not only is the primary charge unidentifiable (itself grounds for return), but there are several conflicts [with towers]. [5/94, p.18]

When a windmill's sails are set in cross, two of the sails become effectively invisible - they appear to be part of the tower. This increases the resemblance between the windmill and a tower. There continues to be no difference granted between a windmill with its sails set in cross and a tower.

Almost everyone who saw this armory almost immediately thought of Don Quixote. However, as the story of Don Quixote and his tilting at windmills falls within our gray period, this association is not considered to be obtrusively modern and is no bar to registration.

Alexondra Ivasheva. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, two lions couchant addorsed counterchanged, on a chief vert a plate.

Alexondra is the submitter's legal given name.

Alheydis von Riga. Name and device. Sable, three bars wavy and in chief an otter statant regardant argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as Barry wavy argent and sable, on a chief wavy sable an otter statant regardant argent, the tinctures and repeated wavy lines give a stronger appearance of a plain black field with argent charges. The use of three bars with charges in chief is well attested in period armory: cf. the arms of Multon, c.1295, Sable, three bars and in chief three annulets argent (Humphery-Smith, Anglo-Norman Armory II, p.35); or, closer to this submission, the arms of Inglefield or Englefield, c.1510, Argent, three bars gules, in chief a lion passant azure (Chesshyre & Woodcock, Dictionary of British Arms, vol.1, p.68)

Angus mac Padraig. Name change from holding name Angus of Smoking Rocks and device change. Gules, in fess a spear between two wingless wyverns combatant argent.

This name mixes Scots and Gaelic; this is one step from period practice.

His prior device, Gules, on a plate two wingless dragons combattant sable all within a bordure indented argent, is released.

Anna de Tatecastre. Name.

Barbeta Kyrkeland. Name.

Beatrice Lilli. Name and device. Or, a fleur-de-lys between three bees gules.

This name does not conflict with the mundane comedienne Beatrice Lilly, because she is not important enough to protect. While she was a well known actress in her day, she has neither the general name recognition nor is she sufficiently influential in her field to make her worthy of such protection.

Brigiða in kollramma. Name and device. Per bend vert and purpure, a coney couchant and an orle argent.

Brilliana de la Hay. Device. Vert, a mastiff sejant erect maintaining in its sinister forepaw a sword inverted Or, a bordure embattled erminois.

Caitrina inghean uí Bhraonáin. Name change from Gráinne inghean uí Bhraonáin.

Her old name, Gráinne inghean uí Bhraonáin, is retained as an alternative name.

Catalina Doro. Name change from Catalina d'Orieux and device change. Gules, a bend between six mullets Or.

Her old name, Catalina d'Orieux, is released.

Nice armory.

Her previous device, Vert, on a lozenge Or a cat dormant sable, in dexter chief a mullet Or, is released.

Chiara di Marzo. Name.

Chyldeluve de Norfolk. Name and device. Per pale argent and azure, a saltorel gules and a leopard's head cabossed argent, on a point pointed per pale gules and argent a rose per pale argent and azure.

Commentary raised the issue of whether this could be considered marshalled armory under our rules. It can not be considered impaled arms, since each half of the shield cannot be treated as an independent coat: each would have to have a "sinister base point" or "dexter base point", respectively. Nor can this be considered dimidiated arms, since the addition of a charge overall - especially when charged with a tertiary - generally removes the appearance of dimidiation. Just as this would not be returned for marshalling if it had a charged chief, neither can it be returned since it has a charged base. That said, the device has a disjointed appearance that has little in common with period armory, and cannot be considered good heraldic style.

We note that a saltorel is couped by default; it can also be blazoned as a saltire couped.

Dierdre Cambroun de Lochabor. Name reconsideration from Derder Cambroun de Lochabor.

Submitted as Deredere Cambroun de Lochabor, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that Deredere is a nominative case form of the name Derder. We do not register given names that are not in the nominative case. The submitter noted that she would accept the spelling Derdere, which has been declared an undocumented and hence unregisterable form of this name in July 2007. The submitter also notes that if neither of these forms are accepted, she would like the name changed to Dierdre, her legal given name. Given this, we have changed the name to Dierdre Cambroun de Lochabor.

Her old name, Derder Cambroun de Lochabor, is released.

Dorio of the Oaks. Device. Azure, a chevron ployé cotised and in base a pelican in its piety argent.

The submitter is a member of the Order of the Pelican, and as noted in this month's Cover Letter, thus entitled to display a pelican in its piety.

Eirikr inn kyrri Gunnarsson. Name.

Nice Old Norse name!

Faolán Ó Sirideáin. Name.

Gamli tottr. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Gaston le Goth. Name change from Damon the Goth.

His old name, Damon the Goth, is released.

Genevieve de Bordeu. Name and device. Quarterly azure and sable, a bend argent.

Nice armory.

Giovanna Valori. Name and device. Per chevron ermine and azure, two mullets azure and a horse salient Or.

Nice 15th C Italian name!

Goerijs Goriszoon. Name.

Guilhem Bosquet. Name and device. Argent semy of trees couped vert, a reremouse sable.

As noted in the Glossary of Terms, by default a reremouse, or a bat, is displayed and guardant.

Henna Sinclair. Name and device. Gules, three Norse sun crosses one and two within a bordure Or.

There is a more than 300 year gap between the 1192 date given for Henna and the 16th C dates given for Sinclair; this temporal gap is one step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a temporally consistent spelling for this name, we suggest Henna Seincler; Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Sinclair, dates the spelling Seincler to 1261.

Iulianiia Trieskova. Device. Argent, in fess two oak trees eradicated proper, on a chief vert an arrow reversed argent.

Kaðall Ragason. Name and device. Gules estencely, a sun in splendor and on a chief embattled Or three Norse sun crosses gules.

Kathryn Fontayne. Name.

Kathryn Fontayne. Alternate name Merewen de Ingham.

Kathryn of Oldenburg. Device. Per fess gules and Or, a sun Or and a falcon displayed sable.

The use of a bird, other than an eagle, displayed is a step from period practice.

Kevin MacGregor of Kelwiny. Name and device. Gules, on a pile Or a mastiff statant sable, a bordure argent.

Originally submitted as Kevin MacGregor of Kelvin, it was changed at kingdom to Cáemgen MacGregor of Kelvin because no support was found for the spelling Kevin as a period Anglicized form. Liam Price, The Place-Names of Co. Wicklow: The Barony of Ballinacor North, pp.30-31 shows a number of period Latin and English forms of the Gaelic place name Caisléan Caoimhghin, including Castrum Kevini 1343, Castlekevin 1542, 1619, and Castle Kevin 1590. Based on this, Kevin is a plausible Latin or English form of Caomhghin (the Early Modern Irish form of the Middle Irish Cáemgen). In addition, the only documentation provided for the byname of Kelvin was a river whose name was recorded as Kelvin in 1200. No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that river names were used to form Scots locative bynames in period; barring such documentation, locative bynames based on Scots river names are not registerable. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Kelwiny, dates the similar (though so far as we can tell unrelated) byname de Kelwiny to 1296. We have changed the name to Kevin MacGregor of Kelwiny in order to register it in a form close to the one originally submitted.

Kiyohara Soteme. Name and device. Azure mullety of eight points, a chevron cotised between three foxes rampant each maintaining an arrow argent.

Malcolm Korbinian. Name and device. Per chevron sable and Or, an increscent and a decrescent argent and an eagle, head to sinister, sable.

Listed on the LoI as Malcom Korbinian, the submitter noted that he preferred the spelling Malcolm. We have found this spelling dated to 1545 in Margaret Makafee, "16th and late 15th Century Given Names from the Orkney Islands" (http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~grm/orkney.html). This makes the given name temporally consistent with the 16th C German byname. We have changed the name to Malcolm Korbinian in accordance with the submitter's wishes.

This name mixes Scots and German; this is one step from period practice.

Nigell Tarragon. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or all goutty counterchanged, a double-headed eagle per pale Or and gules.

The submitter is the son of Brion Anthony Uriel Tarragon; Brion's name was registered September 1984. The element Tarragon is grandfathered to him.

Noomi bat Avraham. Name.

Oriana Macauslan. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Phebee Fayrhehe. Name.

Rebecca de Tatecastre. Name and device. Azure estencely, on a bend sinister Or four rabbits palewise couchant purpure.

Saikhan Saran. Device. Vert, in pale a fox passant argent between two crescents, a bordure dovetailed Or.

Séamus mac Neachtain. Name and device. Per chevron sable and gules, a Thor's hammer inverted and on a chief argent three mullets of six points sable.

Simon Gwyn. Device change. Per saltire azure and sable, two winged lynxes combatant guardant argent.

His previous device, Azure, on a pale between two swords argent three open books azure, is released.

Siobhan Reed. Name and device. Sable, a winged talbot sejant Or and on a chief argent three goblets sable.

This name does not conflict with John Read, registered August 2007. The names are significantly different in appearance. While the pronunciation of the bynames is identical, Siobhan is pronounced \SHI-bhan\, which John is pronounced \JAHN\. The two names are not an aural conflict.

Stonemarche, Barony of. Order name Order of the Lamp of Apollo.

This order name uses the name of a non-Christian deity; this is one step from period practice.

Stonemarche, Barony of. Order name Order of the Furisine of Stonemarche.

Submitted as Order of the Furison of Stonemarche, the earliest date we have found for the spelling furison is the 1889 date from the Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. furison. While furison is the standard spelling used in SCA blazonry, we require that order names based on heraldic charges to use period spellings for the charge names. The OED, s.v. furison, dates the spelling furisine to 1536; we have changed the name to Order of the Furisine of Stonemarche in order to register it.

This name conflicts with Furison Herald, transferred to James of the Lake in December of 2004. The designators are transparent for purposes of conflict as is the SCA branch name. However, Stonemarche has a letter of permission to conflict from James of the Lake, so the order name is registerable.

Thomas Caulfield. Name and device. Or, a wyvern and on a chief embattled azure three axes Or.

LOCHAC

Catalin of Draksfjord. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per saltire sable and gules, a talbot rampant within a bordure ermine.

Submitted under the name Catalin de Dalmatin.

Elizabeth de Bohun de Caldecote. Name (see RETURNS for badge).

The submitter requested authenticity for mid to late 14th C England, but did not allow major changes. Both bynames were dated to the 13th century, and the only examples that we have found of the byname pattern de X de Y in England are in wholly Latinized records, also from the 13th century. Lacking evidence for the pattern de X de Y combined with non-Latinized given names, or in the 14th century, we cannot confirm that this name is authentic. A wholly Latinized Elizabetha de Bohun de Caldecote is an authentic 13th century name, but the change from English to Latinized English is a major change, which the submitter does not allow.

Jean Amy. Name and device. Or, on a chief embattled sable three mullets argent.

Nice armory.

Katherne Rischer. Name change from holding name Katherne of Lochac.

Pádraig Lowther. Name (see RETURNS for device).

This name mixes Gaelic and English; this is one step from period practice.

Somhairle Mac Nicail. Name and device. Or, a hawk's head erased and on a chief wavy gules a bar wavy Or.

Originally submitted as Sorle Mhic Neacail, the name was changed at kingdom to Somhairle Mac Neacail; the given name was changed on consultation with the submitter, and the byname was changed to correct the grammar. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MACNICOL, lists the byname Mac Neacail as the modern Gaelic spelling for this name. Black lists the Middle Gaelic form as M'Nicail; M' is a scribal abbreviation for Mac. We have changed the name to Somhairle Mac Nicail in order to register it.

If the submitter is interested in the given name Sorle, we note that it is a documented Scots name. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. MACKENZIE, lists a Sorle M'Kenye in 1513. The name Sorle Mac Nicail is registerable, but it mixes Scots and Gaelic, so it is a step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a fully Scots form of this name, we suggest Sorle Maknicoll. Maknicoll is dated to 1553 in Black, s.n. MACNICOL.

As there are only three stripes at the top of the shield, this is a charged chief, not a chief barry wavy or two bars wavy. As such, it does not conflict with the badge for the Canton of Hawk's Hollow, Or, a hooded hawk's head erased gules, hooded sable: there is a CD for adding the chief and another for adding the tertiary bar.

The LoI did not include an emblazon, but the emblazon was posted in commentary the following day. As most commenters obviously saw the emblazon (based on their comments) or are assumed to have seen it (based on the date of their commentary), this need not be pended or returned.

Sveinn inn kyrri Grimsson. Device. Per saltire sable and gules, an arrow inverted surmounted by two arrows in saltire Or.

The submitter has permission to conflict with Michael of York, Gules, a sheaf of three arrows bound by a serpent coiled to sinister guardant, all Or. Please instruct the submitter to draw the arrows more boldly.

Tatianitsa Iaroslavna. Device. Gules, a dog's head couped argent and a chief embattled ermine.

Walter Mac Mahon. Name.

There was some question whether Mac Mahon was a period Anglicization for Mac Mathghamhna; the spelling was documented only from MacLysaght, The Surnames of Ireland, which is not acceptable as sole documentation. However, this Anglicization appears in Fynes Morrison, An itinerary vvritten by Fynes Moryson Gent. First in the Latine tongue, and then translated by him into English: containing his ten yeeres trauell through the tvvelue dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Jtaly, Turky, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. Diuided into III parts. The I. part. Containeth a iournall through all the said twelue dominions: shewing particularly the number of miles, the soyle of the country, the situation of cities, the descriptions of them, with all monuments in each place worth the seeing, as also the rates of hiring coaches or horses from place to place, with each daies expences for diet, horse-meate, and the like. The II. part. Containeth the rebellion of Hugh, Earle of Tyrone, and the appeasing thereof: written also in forme of a iournall. The III. part. Containeth a discourse vpon seuerall heads, through all the said seuerall dominions, published in 1617. Part III, page 159, talks of "in the sense of that name are in the Irish tongue called Mac Mahon, that is, the sonnes of Beares."

MERIDIES

Æsa Odesgard. Name and device. Per pale purpure and argent, a phoenix between three iris blossoms counterchanged.

Alessandro Solari. Name and device. Argent, three crosses of Jerusalem sable and on a chief vert four mascles argent.

Alisoun Brewster. Badge (see RETURNS for device). Counter-ermine, on a saltire argent a rose purpure barbed vert.

Alisoun Brewster. Badge. Argent, a saltire counter-ermine and overall a rose purpure barbed vert.

Aylwin Vinter. Name and device. Gules, a fess argent and overall a lion rampant Or, all within a bordure argent.

Ciar ingen Dega. Name and device. Quarterly sable and azure, in pall inverted a trefoil knot between three crescents argent.

Submitted as Ciar ingen Daig, the patronym Daig is in the nominative case rather than the required genitive case. Fause Losenge notes:

The name is identical to the noun <daig> 'a flame, a blaze', which is a feminine i-stem; one would expect the genitive to be <dago> ~ <daga>, but according to Thurneysen it's slightly irregular and actually forms <dego> ~ <dega>. I also checked several of the instances in O'Brien, and all of the ones that I checked that had the name in the genitive had <Dega>. Aha: the DIL has an entry for the name as well as for the common noun and shows the genitive as <Dego> and <Dega>. (In general I'd expect <-o> to be the older of the two, since the Ogam genitive appears as <Degos>.)

We have changed the name to Ciar ingen Dega to correct the grammar.

Edric the Bastard. Name and device. Sable, a bend raguly between a wyvern passant and a battle-axe reversed argent.

Blazoned on the LoI as a halberd, the haft of a halberd is much longer proportion to the blade than that shown in this emblazon. We have thus reblazoned the charge as a battle-axe.

Finn O'Flaherty. Badge. Argent, a squirrel rampant azure maintaining a four-leaf clover slipped purpure.

A quatrefoil is set crosswise by default but a four-leaf clover is set saltirewise. The fact that it is slipped must still be blazoned, however.

Please advise the submitter that some of the field should show between the squirrel's chin and shoulder and between its tail and body.

Petros Mystikos. Name (see RETURNS for device).

MIDDLE

Ascelina of Dereleie. Name and device. Azure, a chevron invected between two roses argent barbed and seeded proper and a bald human head in profile couped argent.

There is no way to determine whether this head is masculine or feminine. A masculine head defaults to being in profile (facing dexter), which a feminine head is affronty (guardant). We have thus explicitly blazoned the orientation of the head.

The emblazon on OSCAR showed internal detailing (the eye and the ear) of the head: please advise the submitter to use such internal detailing when drawing the device in the future. As the outline of the charge is identical, and as the head is identifiable without these details, we are accepting the submitted emblazon.

Elyzabeth Launcing. Name change from Madelena Ysabel de San Antonio.

Nice 16th C English name!

Her old name, Madelena Ysabel de San Antonio, is released.

Guerric der Wilde Fuchs. Device. Argent, three piles in point issuant from dexter base gules surmounted by a fox rampant reguardant azure ermined Or.

Muirenn ingen Uaithne. Name and device. Per chevron azure and vert, on a chevron argent two weasels passant vert, in chief a dog passant pulling a cart argent.

Note that the dog and the cart are of approximately the same size. The arms of de Carminatis, mid-15th Century (Stemmario Trivulziano, plate 103), show a cart very similar to this one.

Olaz Ersebet. Name.

Nice 16th C Hungarian name!

Owain ap Iorwerth. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Raibeart Ulfr. Device. Per bend sinister gules and azure, a bend sinister Or, overall a horned wolf's head erased argent.

Ursula Crichton. Device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, a dragonfly and a bordure argent.

This device is clear of the device of Irene von Schmetterling, Azure, a papillon argent bodied sable within a bordure argent, with a CD for changes to the field and another for the difference between a dragonfly and a papillon (or butterfly).

Valerie of Strikkenwoode. Holding name and device. Per pale azure and gules, a phoenix Or between three compass stars argent.

As noted on the June 2007 Cover Letter, the use of a compass star is a step from period practice.

Submitted under the name Sirið Þorgiersdottir, that name was pended on the December 2007 LoAR and will be ruled on in August 2008.

NORTHSHIELD

Áine ingen Máel Pátraic. Device. Azure, a yew tree eradicated argent and a bordure argent crescenty azure.

In SCA heraldry, a yew tree is conically shaped like a pine tree. We note that natural yew trees, at least in some cases, are round.

Francisco Langosta. Name and device. Sable, on a plate a lobster inverted gules, a base Or.

The use of a lobster tergiant inverted, like other crustaceans, while acceptable, is considered a step from period practice.

Hroðny in harfagra. Name and device. Per fess azure and argent, a demi-sun issuant from the line of division Or and three cattails slipped and leaved conjoined at the base proper.

Listed on the LoI as Hroðny in harfagra, the forms show Hroðny in hárfagra. Haraldson, The Old Norse Name, shows the given name as Hróðny. Precedent holds that accents in Old Norse Names must be either used or dropped consistently. We note that the form on the LoI is just fine, and we will not change it. We also note that Hróðny in hárfagra is also a registerable form of this name.

John Bartholomew of Flanders. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Quarterly argent and vert, in dexter chief an arrow bendwise sinister inverted gules.

Jose de San Paciano. Name and device. Vert, a bend sinister and in dexter chief a lyre argent.

Submitted as Jose São Pacian, the name has several problems. First, the byname phrase mixes the Portuguese São, "saint", with the English Pacian in violation of RfS III.1.a, Linguistic Consistency, which requires that only a single language be used in a name phrase. Second, no documentation was submitted and none found to suggest that the spelling São is a period Portuguese spelling; Palimpsest notes:

[T]here's to the best of my knowledge no evidence for the spelling <S{a~}o> before 1600. Portuguese before 1600 is spelled very differently than it is today, and the typical form is still <San> or <Santo>.

Third, no documentation was submitted to show that Saint Pacian was known in Portugal nor was any information about a Portuguese form for this name found. The modern Spanish form appears to be Paciano, this spelling appears in most discussions of the saint we have been able to find. This is also the expected Spanish vernacular form for the Latin name Pacianus. The "Patrologia Latina Database" (http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/PLD/index.html), which catalogs "the works of the Latin Fathers from Tertullian around 200 AD to the death of Pope Innocent III in 1216", lists three works by Pacianus Barcilonensis (Pacian of Barcelona, the saint in question was bishop of Barcelona and author of early Christian works). Changing the locative to a Spanish form solves the problem of mixing languages in a name phrase, but introduces a new problem: we have no evidence for unmarked locatives based on saint's name in period Spanish. Luckily the submitter allows all changes, so we have changed the name to Jose de San Paciano in order to register it.

Mencia Caminante. Name.

Nice late 15th C Spanish name!

Myles du Soleil. Name and device. Quarterly argent and sable, a saltire counterchanged.

The byname du Soleil is grandfathered to the submitter; he is the son of Corin du Soleil, whose name was registered August 1979.

Unsurprisingly, commentary raised the issue of marshalling: the submission could be construed as quartering Argent, a bend sable with Sable, a bend sinister argent. The return of Raghnailt inghean Toirdhealbhaich, LoAR of July 2007, was cited:

[Quarterly azure and argent, four frets counterchanged] If this were four frets couped, it would clearly be registerable in accordance with RfS XI.3.a "Such fields may be used with identical charges over the entire field or with complex lines of partition or charges overall that were not used for marshalling in period heraldry." If it were fretty, it would also be registerable in accordance with RfS XI.3.a. However, in the submitted device the frets are throughout - or would be if each quarter were considered separately.

... A fret isn't an ordinary; however, frets meet the requirements above [for why ordinaries indicate an independent coat]: they're fairly common; they're throughout by default; their usual period use is one per coat; and we don't usually see them on either side of a divided field. A fret is also one of the few non-ordinaries that is routinely depicted as throughout and it is composed (in part) of ordinaries - a bend and a bend sinister fretted with a mascle.

However, that case isn't parallel to this one. In that case, the four frets were distinct charges, one on each quarter of the field, and were not interpretable as being a single overall charge. (Indeed, it was noted that, had the device used fretty overall, it would have been acceptable.) Here, while the saltire could be broken down into four segments, it's also plainly recognizable as a saltire: a single charge overlying the division of the field. This should not be considered marshalled arms.

Satake Tarou Tsu'nekage. Name.

Submitted as Satake Fukitarou Tsu'ne-kage, the name has two problems. First, the cited documentation, Solvieg Throndirdottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, does not support the construction Fukitarou. While Tarou is an attested yobina, and the element fu is found in ancient clan names, it is not found as an element in yobina. We were unable to find the element fuki in the cited source. This source also shows the nanori as Tsu'nekage. We have changed the name to Satake Tarou Tsu'nekage to match the documentation and in order to register it.

OUTLANDS

al-Barran, Barony of. Order name Order of the Hammer of al-Barran.

The submitters have a letter of permission to conflict with Hammer Pursuivant, registered to the Kingdom of Meridies.

Alrik Boleslavov. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Originally submitted as Alrik_ Boleslavsson, it was changed in kingdom to Alrekr Boleslavov to match the documentation for the given name and make the byname linguistically consistent. Albion notes:

Gunnvor's "Names of Scandinavians in the Byzantine Varangian Guard and in Russia" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/gunnvor/varangian /) shows how a number of Norse names were rendered in Russian in the early 10th century. In particular, the Norse name <Hr{oe}rekr> was rendered as <Rurik>.

Based on this, Alrik is a plausible Russian rendering of Alrekr. We have changed the given name back to the originally submitted form and registered the name as Alrik_ Boleslavov.

Anstes Darcy. Name and device. Gules, a chevron ermine cotised Or and in base a rose argent, barbed and seeded sable.

Submitted as Ansteys Darcy, the spelling of the given name was an undated header form from Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. No documentation was submitted showing that this spelling is consistent with period forms. Bardsley, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Anstee, lists a Anstes Hawk in 1616. We have changed the name to Anstes Darcy in order to register it.

Ayesha bint Da'ud ibn Da'ud al-Kabir. Device. Per bend azure and argent, a sea wyvern bendwise counterchanged, on a chief Or three mullets purpure.

This was pended on the July 2007 LoAR

Kieran Blake. Badge. (Fieldless) A mascle fleury at the points per saltire argent and azure.

Sorcha inghean Eoin. Name.

Thorsteinn Vandringsmann. Device. Sable, on a cross nowy argent an Elder futhark rune Manaz sable, all within a bordure argent.

This device is clear of the device for Brigh Neassa O'Connor, Quarterly gules and vert, on a cross nowy argent an urn sable, a bordure argent. There is a CD for changes to the field and, since a cross nowy is simple enough to fimbriate, a second CD for substantially changing the type of the tertiary charge. The submitted device is also clear of the badge for Beli Bailey of Kintyre, Sable, on a cross nowy formy throughout argent, a maple leaf gules, all within a bordure argent. There is a CD for changes to the tertiary charge and another CD for changing the type of cross.

Tristan de Gilbert. Device. Argent, a palm tree couped sable and in base two vols, on a point pointed fleury gules a vol argent.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device for Berold de Gilbert, Argent, a palm tree couped sable and in base between two Latin crosses fourchy, on a point entee fleury gules, a Latin cross fourchy argent and with the device for Roger de Gilbert, Argent, a palm tree couped sable and two roses proper one and two, on a point pointed fleury gules a rose argent barbed and seeded proper. As there is a CD between the submitted device and Philippe de Gilbert's device, Argent, a palm tree couped sable between in base two fleurs-de-lys, on a point pointed flory at the point gules, a fleur-de-lys argent, Phillipe's blanket permission to conflict applies.

Walkelin Montgomery. Name.

WEST

Allene Wendell Montgomery. Reblazon of device. Per bend argent and vert, a pile bendwise inverted throughout and overall a cucumber leaf bendwise sinister all counterchanged.

This device was registered in August 1979, and reblazoned in May 1985 as Gyronny of four from dexter chief argent and vert, a cucumber leaf bendwise sinister counterchanged. We have no examples of either Gyronny of four or Gyronny (of any number) issuant from the edge of the field in period armory; we might, in a pinch, accept the latter, but not the former, and certainly not both. This arrangement is visually a pile issuant from sinister base with an overall leaf, all counterchanged, and we have so reblazoned it.

Angelo d'Amico. Device. Per fess embattled argent and azure, two bunches of grapes and a Latin cross counterchanged.

Artos Barefoot. Reblazon of device. Or, a brown bear statant erect affronty proper, maintaining in its dexter forepaw a hammer and its sinister forepaw a sword inverted, standing atop an anvil sable.

Registered in August 1983 with the blazon Or, a brown bear displayed proper, maintaining in its forepaws a hammer and a sword inverted, standing atop an anvil sable, the term displayed is not suitable for a quadruped. The anvil is equivalent to maintained charge.

Élise da Nizza. Alternate name Élise von Sophey.

Flann ua Donndubáin. Name.

Submitted as Flann Donnubán, the submitter noted that the name Donnubán means "a dark, swarthy person," and argued that it, therefore, should be allowed as a descriptive byname. Unfortunately, we only have evidence for Donnubán (and its variants) as a given name (or with appropriate grammar changes as patronymics based on the given name). We have no evidence of this word used as a descriptive byname. Because unmarked patronymics are not found in Gaelic names, we must add a patronymic marker and tweak the grammar/spelling in order to register this name. The submitter indicated that he was most interested in a 10th C form of this name; in the 10th C, the appropriate spellings would be Middle Irish. The normalized Middle Irish form of the byname is Donndubán, and the expected genitive form is Donndubáin. We have changed the name to Flann ua Donndubáin in order to register it, and to correct the grammar.

If the submitter is interested in a name with a somewhat different sound, but with the meaning "dark, swarthy", we suggest Flann Donn. The byname Donn appears as the standard Middle Irish Gaelic form of this name in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index to Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex); this article finds an example of the name in use in the 12th C.

Juliana of Avon. Device. Lozengy argent and sable, on a bend cotised Or, three crescents azure.

Roy des Cascades. Reblazon of device. Per bend gules and argent, a pile bendwise inverted throughout counterchanged.

This device was registered in September 1971 with the blazon Gyronny of four from dexter chief gules and argent. We have no examples of either Gyronny of four or Gyronny (of any number) issuant from the edge of the field in period armory; we might, in a pinch, accept the latter, but not the former, and certainly not both. This arrangement is visually a pile issuant from sinister base and counterchanged, and we have so reblazoned it.

Saint Guinefort, College of. Branch name and device. Vert, a greyhound's head erased contourny argent collared sable within a laurel wreath Or.

- Explicit littera accipiendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

None.

AN TIR

Cilléne Mac Leòid. Name.

Conflict with Caillin MacLeoid, registered September 1995. Caillin is pronounced \KAL-een\, while Cilléne is pronounced \KIHL-een\. The difference in vowel sound is not enough to clear conflict.

In resubmitting, the submitter should note that Gaelic spellings in Black are modern unless explicitly dated. Sharon Krossa, "Scottish Gaelic Given Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/scottish.shtml) notes the nominative spelling Léod dated 1101-1200 with a genitive Léoid. Therefore, we would expect Mac Léoid rather than the submitted Mac Leòid.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Cilléne of Dragon's Laire.

Wilrich von Hessen. Household name Compagnie die Kriegsbrüder von Acre.

This name has several problems. First, no documentation was submitted and none found to show that the descriptive element, Kriegsbrüder was found in period. The documentation provided, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch , s.v. Kriegsbrüder, date the word to 1718. Second, although the elements krieg and brüder are period, the submitter and commenters failed to show that it is consistent with known names for organized groups of people in German in period. While the submitters noted the term Shwertbruder, this represents a fairly standard pattern of [heraldic object + designator]. Grimms' dictionary, S.v. schwertbruder, associates the word with "die mit den swerten" (them with the swords). This is the Livonian Order of the Sword; Britannica Online (search.eb.com) in the article "Brothers of the Sword" notes the German name for the order is Schwertbrüderorden. The article notes "the order's knights (called Knights of the Sword because their white cloaks were decorated with red crosses and swords) " Kriegsbruder does not follow the "heraldic object" pattern that Schwertbruder does, and so is not an analogous name element. Because Kriegsbruder is neither a word found in period nor a constructed word following patterns of known order names, it is not registerable.

The submitter request an authentic name for 12th C German crusaders in Acre, but also noted that they are a "Military company, not an order". We know of only one German order in Acre in the 12th C -- the Teutonic Knights, whose names commonly appears in Latin as Ordo domus hospitalis S. Mariae Theutonicorum Iherusolimiani ("Some Heraldic Fragments Found at Castle Montfort/Starkenberg in 1926, and the Arms of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights", by Helmut Nickel, Metropolitan Museum Journal © 1989) and in German in their order's statutes as "orden des hospitales sente Marien des Duschen huses von Jherusalem" (Die statuten des Deutschen ordens nach den ältesten handschriften, Max Perlbach, editor and compiler, p 22). This follows a well-documented meta-pattern for order names, naming the order for a specific place or location, especially one dedicated to a saint. The other two well-known crusader orders in Acre, the Templars and the Hospitallers, bear the Latin names that follow the same pattern. If the submitter is interested in an authentic name for a group of 12th C German crusaders, we would suggest either this pattern or the pattern displayed by the Schwertbruder: heraldic object + designator; in such a name, bruder would be an appropriate designator. Another possible designator is bruderschaft "brotherhood". Boulton, Knights of the Crown, gives Bruderschaft, Bruderschafft and Broderschaft as designators used in period German knightly orders. For a truly authentic name, the heraldic object should also be borne as a token or badge by the members of the unit.

ANSTEORRA

None.

ARTEMISIA

Katherine von Oppel. Device. Azure, on a bend sinister gules fimbriated between two six-petalled flowers Or, a lion double queued courant to sinister argent, breathing flames gules.

This device is returned for using gules flames on a gules background (the bend sinister). While the incensing of a beast need not have good contrast with the background, it must have some contrast.

The secondary charges were blazoned on the LoI as sexfoils. The usual heraldic depiction of a sexfoil shows the field between the petals, so that they can be distinguished. The petals on these flowers were conjoined, to the point that at least one commenter confused the flowers for roundels. Please instruct the submitter to draw the usual heraldic sexfoil when she resubmits.

The LoI failed to note that the bend sinister is gules; however, as a color emblazon was present in OSCAR, we assume that it was conflict checked with the correct tincture. This assumption is supported by the substance of the potential conflict calls.

Maximilian von Passau. Device. Or, an eagle and on a chief embattled sable three acorns Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Haakon Tryggvason, Or, a raven displayed and on a chief embattled sable, three Thor's hammers Or. There is a CD for changes to the tertiary charges but no difference is granted between a raven displayed and an eagle displayed.

Siegfried von Katzenburg. Device. Quarterly purpure and sable, three triangles conjoined one and two Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Paul O'Flaherty, Azure, three triangles conjoined, one and two, Or. There is a single CD for changes to the field.

ATENVELDT

None.

ATLANTIA

Friderich Weber. Device. Or, on a chevron azure three mullets Or.

Unfortunately, this device must be returned for conflict with the device for Kit Fox, Or, on a chevron azure three crosses fleury Or; there is a single CD for changes to the tertiary charges.

CAID

Ailill mac Duib Dara. Badge. (Fieldless) An anchor sable entwined with a dolphin urinant vert.

This badge is returned for conflict with the badge for Valentine Blake, (Fieldless) An anchor sable. There is a CD for fieldlessness. As the dolphin is here equivalent to a maintained charge, the fieldlessness is the only difference between the badges.

The standard anchor includes the "timber", the stock or crosspiece, at the top. Please advise the submitter that any resubmission including an anchor should depict the anchor with its timber.

Alexander Æthelwulfes sunu. Device. Sable, on a bend between two horse's heads couped Or a mullet of four points palewise gules.

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Paul of Bellatrix, Sable, on a bend Or three compass stars palewise gules. There is a CD for adding the secondary charges, but nothing for the changes to the tertiary charge. As no difference is granted between a mullet of four points and a compass star, the only change to the tertiary charges is a change in number. This is insufficient by itself for the necessary second CD.

Angels, Barony of the. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection of the blanket permission to conflict.

Anthony Coton. Device. Argent, a vegetable lamb eradicated vert fructed and a chief embattled azure.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Lysander Keisalovitch, Argent, a vegetable lamb vert . There is a CD for adding the chief but nothing for changing the tincture of the fruit (the blossoms and lambs). On resubmission, there should be fewer and larger blossoms and lambs: the lambs should be clearly identifiable from a distance. We note that the use of two different shades of blue is an artistic detail that is allowable.

There was some discussion about whether a vegetable lamb was an acceptable heraldic charge. The vegetable lamb first appears in The Travels of Sir John Mandeville (c. 1371). These fictional travels - whether or not they were believed to be fictional in period - were popular in their time and numerous medieval manuscript copies of the book still exist. The Rules for Submission, section VII.5, notes "Monsters described in period sources or created in a manner that follow period practice will not be considered a step from period practice." Thus, while we have not yet found an example of a vegetable lamb in period armory, it is registerable and its use is not considered a step from period practice.

Aurora Cecilia da Castel di Sangro. Name and device. Per chevron vert and argent, three Latin crosses flory one and two Or and a turtle vert.

No documentation was submitted and none found to support locative bynames in Italian of the form da [building or town] + of + [place or family name]:

This submission is being returned for problems with the construction of the byname il Castello del Drago. The submitted byname literally means 'the Castle del Drago' where del Drago is a family name that happens to mean 'of the dragon'. So, the name Gina il Castello del Drago means Gina is the castle, not that Gina is from the castle. While the castle itself was built in the 10th C, the castle had other names in period. In the 16th C, it was known as the Castello di Riofreddo and only passed to the del Drago family in the 17th C. Therefore, this location was not known as Castello del Drago in period. However, this information does demonstrate that a castle could be named for the family who owned it.

Talan Gwynek's article "15th Century Italian Men's Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/italian15m.ht m <http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/italian15m.htm>l) lists Girolamo da Castello. This supports da Castello as a period byname in Italian. However, no documentation was found that a person from a castle named for a family would include the entire name of the castle in their byname in the form Gina da Castello del Drago rather than Gina da Castello or Gina del Drago. Lacking such evidence, the byname da Castello del Drago is not registerable. As dropping either da Castello or del Drago is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, we must return this name. [Gina il Castello del Drago, 03/2003, R-Ealdormere]

"The Medici Archive" (http://documents.medici.org) notes a Giovan Franceso di Sangro in 1524; although this may be a normalized spelling, the name pattern is representative of the 16th C. We would change the name to Aurora Cecilia di Sangro or Aurora Cecilia da Castello, but the submitter will not accept major changes.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Juliana of Aschurst, Per chevron azure and argent, three Latin crosses flory Or and an ash sprig vert. No difference is granted for the change in arrangement of the crosses (from in fess to one and two). The September 2006 Cover Letter stated "Whether or not there's a CD for arranging three charges in fess or in chevron above a chevron or the upper portion of a Per chevron field will be worked out over time, as the cases come before us. In many instances, e.g. using long charges, this difference is nearly impossible to discern and thus not worth a CD." In this case, the crosses are long charges and the difference is nearly impossible to discern, therefore a CD is not granted.

By precedent, the turtle is half the charge group as it lies on one side of the line of division; however, as only the type has changed, a CD can not be gained from that change. The relevant precedents state:

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Odo de Payens, Per fess embattled purpure and vert, three goblets and a wolf statant argent. There is a CD for changes to the field. However, as only the type of the bottommost charge has been changed, a second CD cannot be derived from the changes to the primary charge group. Precedent states:

[Per fess dovetailed azure and argent, three mullets argent and a wolf's head erased sable] The device does not conflict with a ... Per fess embattled azure and argent, two mullets of four points and a comet fesswise, head to sinister, counterchanged. There is one CD for changing the number of the charges in the group. There is a second CD for changing the type and tincture of the primary charge(s) on one side of the line of division, even though that portion of the primary group is only one quarter of the group, per the following precedent from the November 1995 LoAR:

There is ... a CD for the change to the field and another for changing the type and tincture of the primary charge group on one side of the line of division, even though numerically this is not "one half" of the primary charge group. For a fuller discussion of this precedent granting a CD for two changes to charges on one side of a line of division even when less than half the charge group is affected, see the December 21, 1991 Cover Letter (with the November 1991 LoAR).

This situation arises very rarely aside from the well-known situation concerning the bottommost of a group of three charges two and one, which has its own different set of controlling precedents. The cited precedent appears to have remained in force; the registration history shows that this precedent has neither been overruled nor passively ignored. [Cassandra of Standing Stones, 01/03, A-Calontir]

[Medb ingen ui Mael Anfaid, 07/06, R-Gleann Abhann]

Therefore, the CD for changes to the field is the only countable difference between the submitted device and Juliana's device.

Brenda de Belvoir. Name.

This is returned for lack of documentation of the given name. The LoI quoted Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, as saying that the name was in use in England until the 12th century, but careful reading of the entry shows that Withycombe is talking about the masculine name Brand, not Brenda. The name Brenda also occurs in Gruffudd, Welsh Names for Children, as a modern form of a 6th century saint's name, but no evidence was provided that the spelling Brenda is found in period or that the saint from whom the name is derived was known to the English and French in the 12th C (the provided date for the byname).

Calafia, Barony of. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection the blanket permission to conflict.

Dreiburgen, Barony of. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection the blanket permission to conflict.

Dun Or, Barony of. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection the blanket permission to conflict.

Garrick of Shadowdale. Badge. Gyronny azure and argent, in fess two chalices sable, the dexter charged with a capital letter H, the sinister charged with a capital letter S Or, a bordure embattled gules.

This badge must be returned for the use of non-period charges: the capital letters H and S are modern sans-serif letters, with lines of equal width. Medieval letters, both in calligraphy and in carving, had different widths for the different strokes; and while there are some examples of sans-serif letters from ancient times, the majority of medieval letters were serifed. The letters used here are obtrusively modern in style.

When he resubmits, he should be aware that the badge is also on the edge of acceptable complexity: five tinctures and three types of charges (by the most lenient view, counting the H and S as the same type of charge). He might consider a simpler design upon resubmission.

Gyldenholt, Barony of. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection the blanket permission to conflict.

Lucian Barasu. Name.

As documented, this name is a mixture of an English given name and a placename found in a Latin document of a 13th C placename in what is modern day Romania. The language of this placename is unclear, although it is documented as an early name of the place known today as Brasov. Most popular websites about Brasov indicate that barasu is a Pecheneg word meaning "fortress;" Pecheneg is an Eastern European language that became extinct around the 12th C. As there is no evidence of contact between English and Pecheneg speakers (or, for that matter, Romanian speakers), such combinations are not registerable. The submitter noted the Latin name Lucianus, and the modern Polish name Lucjan, but neither of these support the form Lucian. Because the submitter will not accept major changes, we are forced to return this name.

His device has been registered under the holding name Lucian of Caid.

Lyondemere, Barony of. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection the blanket permission to conflict.

Naevehjem, Barony of. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection the blanket permission to conflict.

Nonne Reerdan. Device. Per pale argent and vert, in saltire a viol and its bow per pale vert and argent.

This device is returned for using a non-period form of a viol bow. Period bows had a noticeable curve, which curved outward. The innovation that had the viol bow curve inward instead of outward didn't happen until after 1600 (Montagu, The World of Medieval & Renaissance Musical Instruments).

Blazoned on the LoI with a per fess field, most commenters noted that the field is actually per pale.

Nordwache, Barony of. Blanket permission to conflict.

This blanket permission to conflict is rejected as it places geographic restrictions on the permission to conflict: the permission to conflict applied only to other Caidan baronies. Laurel has consistently declined such restrictions. Likewise, the restriction to a specific group of submitters (baronies) is grounds for rejection the blanket permission to conflict.

Thorin Ó Séaghdha vörðr. Name change from holding name Thorin of Caid.

This name violates RfS III.1.a, Linguistic consistency; Gaelic grammar requires this name be interpreted as "Thorin, son of the warder [who is named] Shea". This means that the byname phrase combines Gaelic and Norse.

While the name Thorin is registered to him via his holding name, this submission introduces several problems which are not present in his holding name. As submitted, this name appears to combine Old English, Gaelic, and Old Norse, each combination of which is a step from period practice . While the name Thorin is registered to him via his holding name, this name introduces the several aforementioned violations which are not present in his holding name. Thorin was documented as an Old English name, but Fellows-Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire cites a Grunekell f. Thorin. This shows Thorin as a Latinized Norse name 1066-69. This removes the steps for combining Old English and Gaelic and Old English and Old Norse. One final problem is the character ö in vörðr; this is a modern transliteration of the character o-ogonek, an o with a reversed comma tail. For registration, we represent this character in Da'ud notation as {o,}.

We would rearrange the name elements and register the name as Thorin v{o,}rðr Ó Séaghdha. With the descriptive byname next to the given name, it becomes its own name phrase instead of being part of the patronymic name phrase. The name still combines Old Norse and Gaelic, which is a step from period practice. Unfortunately, even though the name would contain the same elements, rearranging its elements would significantly change its sound, appearance and meaning. As the submitter will not accept major changes, we are forced to return this name.

CALONTIR

Gavin O'Shannon. Device change. Sable, a stag's head cabossed and on a chief embattled argent a wolf passant purpure.

The submitter's previous device change was returned on the April 2007 LoAR for redrawing: neither the wolf, nor its posture, nor the stag's attires, were in a recognizable, acceptable form. He has redrawn those elements, but also redrawn the line of the chief embattled, to the point where it is now unacceptable. The crenellations are far too shallow. If he were to use the line of the chief in the previous submission with the wolf and stag's head in this one, it might prove registerable.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EAST

Cassandra Grey of Loch Leven. Device. Quarterly vert and azure, a compass rose and a chief argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Colin Gordon, Per pale azure and gules, a compass star within and conjoined to an annulet, a chief argent. There is a CD for changes to the field; however, as noted in precedent (e.g., June 2000), no difference is granted between a compass rose and a compass star within and conjoined to an annulet.

Creatura Christi of Oakes. Device. Per bend counterembowed embowed azure and vert, an oak sprig fructed argent and another Or.

This device is returned for lack of blazonability. The oak sprigs are neither palewise nor bendwise, and cannot be blazoned in a way that will reproduce the emblazon. Please instruct the submitter to draw the sprigs either honestly palewise or honestly bendwise when she resubmits

Eldrich Gaiman. Badge. (Fieldless) A grenade proper.

This badge is returned for conflict with the ensign for the Principality of the Sun, Per fess argent and azure, in canton a fireball proper. There is a CD for removing the field, but nothing for placement of the fireball when compared to a fieldless badge. No difference is granted between a grenade and a fireball.

Gamli tottr. Device. Sable, a man statant affronty argent crined and bearded Or maintaining in each hand a flanged mace argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Bari the Unfettered, Barry argent and gules, a naked man manacled on each wrist, lengths of broken chain pendant, and a length of broken chain at his feet, all proper. In a similar case, Laurel ruled:

[(Fieldless) A horned man vested of a loincloth maintaining in his dexter hand a sword inverted and in his sinister hand two spears inverted crossed at the butts argent] Conflict with Bari the Unfettered, Barry argent and gules, a naked man manacled on each wrist, lengths of broken chain pendant, and a length of broken chain at his feet, all proper. There's one CD for fieldlessness. There is no difference for the changes to the small held charges (including the chains in Bari's armory as small held charges), and no difference for adding the horns to the man's head. [William FitzHugh de Cambria, 12/02, R-Meridies]

The submitted device has a single CD for changes to the field, and thus must be returned for conflict with Bari's device.

The submitted device is also returned for conflict with the device for Gilrae of Moorburn, Azure, a fox-headed woman affronté statant, hands crossed at the waist, vested argent, with a single CD for changes to the field. No difference is granted for the position of the arms or for the type of head.

Commentary raised the question of presumption: the name means "Gamli [the] dwarf", and the emblazon showed a stocky human figure that resembles the usual RPG depiction of dwarves. However, to be presumptuous, this would have to be a clear association to a specific dwarf, the Tolkien character Gimli the Dwarf. The names are sufficiently different to not create allusion, and Gimli was noted for wielding axes, not maces. The charge here is drawn well within the limits for human figures, with no overt dwarfish characteristics (apart from a slight stockiness). We do not find any issue with presumption.

Leofwyn of Whittlesey. Name.

As submitted, this name is two steps from period practice. First, it combines an Old English given name with a Middle or Elizabethan English placename. Second, there is a more than 300 year gap between 1032, the date cited for the given name and 1535, which is the earliest date we have for the submitted spelling of the locative. The submitter indicated she would not accept major changes, and would accept the change of the spelling Whittlesey to Whittlesea. Albion notes the evolution of the spelling for this name:

Watts s.n. Whittlesey has <Wi- Wytleseia -eie -eya -ey(e) -e> c. 1120-1553; he has no period citations with the <h>, and the earliest form with an <h> s.n. Whittlesey Mere is <Whittelsmere> 1535.

While there are various placenames in period that do show a wh spelling earlier than the 16th C, none with an etymology similar to this name show this addition before the 16th C. Ekwall, The Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, s.n. Whittlesley, derives the descriptive element from "Witel" a word for a moneychanger. The place itself is very old; we have extant Old English forms and forms from the 11th and 12th C. Mills, A Dictionary of British Place-Names, s.n. Whittlesey, lists the Old English form Witlesig in 972, and Latin or Latinate Old English form Witesie in 1086. Ekwall dates Wittleseia to the Domesday book. The Middle English forms from Watts cited by Albion would also be acceptable spellings in combination with the given name, although the combination of Old and Middle English is a single step from period practice. We would change the spelling of the locative to one of these forms, but the submitter has indicated that these alternatives are all unacceptable. Therefore, we are forced to return this name.

In addition to the problems cited above, the spelling Leofwyn is not a documented Old English form of this name. Albion explains:

The British Academy citations do not provide support for the spelling <Leofwyn>, because they are modern catalogs of the charters (that is, summaries in modern English of the contents), and not the actual charters themselves. S1527 can be found in Sean Miller's website athttp://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=152 7 <http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1527>; there is a page for S1218 (http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=121 8 <http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1218>), but the text of the charter is not available there, unfortunately.

The S1527 charter spells the name <Lefwen>; Marieke's citation of <Leofwen> to that charter is incorrect.

The spelling <Leofwenne> is found in charter S1489 (1023x1038) (seehttp://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=148 9 <http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1489>): "þæt land et Rygedune þe ic bohte to Leofwenne". Following <to>, this is clearly an inflected form; I believe the nominative would be <Leofwenn>.

In resubmitting, if the submitter is interested in a fully Old English form of this name, we would suggest Leofwenn of Witesige; Old English grammar requires that the locative be in the dative case. If the submitter wants to combine Old and Middle English, we suggest Leofwenn of Wytleseie.

Oriana Macauslan. Device. Quarterly per fess wavy purpure and vairy purpure and argent, two estoiles argent.

This device must be returned for lack of identifiability. The wavy per fess line is impossible to see, blending in with the purpure traits of the vairy quarters. If the vairy quarters and the solid quarters did not share a tincture, the line would be more likely to be visible.

Ruantallan, Barony of. Badge for the populace. (Fieldless) An escarbuncle gyronny argent and azure.

This must be returned for redesign: the spokes of the escarbuncle are divided along their long axes into two tinctures. This makes each tinctured section difficult to distinguish. In a similar case (Garbhan Kepler, April 2007), it was ruled:

[(Fieldless) A wagon wheel gyronny azure and argent] Gyronny is not a suitable division for a wagon wheel, as the spokes will generally be divided along their long axis into the two tinctures. This is not acceptable due to the resulting identifiability problems.

If gyronny is not a suitable division for a wagon wheel, which at least has a rim connecting the spokes, it is certainly not suitable for an escarbuncle.

Ruantallan, Barony of. Badge for Order of the Iceberg. Per fess azure and argent, a mountain couped counterchanged.

This badge is returned for lack of identifiability of the charge: it is not a standard heraldic mountain. Rather, as noted in commentary, this is a mountain above the line of division and something else (a ship's hull?) below. The submitters seem to be trying for a more natural depiction of an iceberg, in accord with the Order's name, but the iceberg per se is not an heraldic charge. If this were drawn genuinely as a mountain couped, it might be acceptable; but as drawn here, this is not a mountain, couped or otherwise.

Titus Aurelius Coimagnas. Name.

No documentation was submitted and none found to suggest significant contact between Oghamic Irish speakers and Romans. Barring documentation of significant contact between these cultures, mixtures of Oghamic Irish and Roman names are not registerable.

LOCHAC

Catalin de Dalmatin. Name.

The byname de Dalmatin is not grammatically formed; as far as we have been able to determine Dalmatin is an adjectival byname meaning "dalmatian." As such, the Latin preposition de is inappropriate. We would drop the de and register the name as Catalin Dalmatin, but the submitter will not allow major changes such as dropping a name element. Therefore, we are forced to return this.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Catalin of Draksfjord.

Elizabeth de Bohun de Caldecote. Badge. Per pale purpure and azure, a cross crosslet fitchy argent.

This badge is returned for conflict with the badges for Sigenoth the Blissful, Per pale sable and vert, a Latin cross bottony argent and Quarterly sable and vert, a cross bottony argent. In each case there is a CD for changes to the field; however, there is no difference between a cross crosslet and a cross bottony as they were interchangeable in period, nor is there a CD for adding fitching to the cross.

This is clear of the device of William of Weir, Per bend wavy azure and bendy wavy argent and azure, in sinister chief a cross crosslet flory argent. There's a CD for the field and another CD for the type of cross. William's cross is essentially a cross crosslet with every terminus sprouting a fleur-de-lys, twelve in all; it differs visually from a plain cross crosslet as much as a cross flory differs from a plain cross couped.

Blazoned on the LoI as a Latin cross crosslet, the lower limb of a cross fitchy is longer than the others and thus this need not be blazoned as a Latin cross.

Pádraig Lowther. Device. Per pall azure, sable, and argent, a grenade Or enflamed proper and two swans rousant respectant counterchanged.

This device is returned for multiple conflicts. It conflicts with the device of Chad Silverswan, Per pall inverted argent, sable and azure, two swans rousant respectant counterchanged and a Latin cross argent. There is a CD for changes to the field but nothing for changing the type and tincture of only one of the three charges. Nor is there a CD for changing the arrangement of the charges, as Chad's charges cannot be arranged one and two: the argent cross would overlie the argent portion of the field. The submitted device also conflicts with the device of Maddalena Rondinelli, Per pall gules, sable and argent, a lion's head jessant-de-lys Or and two swans naiant respectant counterchanged. To quote Teceangl Bach: "There is one CD for changing the posture of the swans. There can be no difference for changing the type only of the topmost of three charges in the unconventional one and two arrangement, nor is there a CD for changing the tincture of only one section of a per pall field." She cites the return of Morgan Railey, LoAR of July 2002, as support for the latter, and we concur.

MERIDIES

Alisoun Brewster. Device. Per bend vert and argent, a winged tyger segreant argent striped sable and a rose purpure barbed vert.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability of the charge in chief. Its outline is that of the heraldic tyger, but its markings are those of the natural tiger, thereby blurring the distinction between the two. The effect is as jarring as, say, a bottlenosed dolphin with tusks. As the creature cannot be identified correctly, the device must be returned.

Petros Mystikos. Device. Sable, six piles inverted in point and on a chief Or a mullet of six points voided and interlaced and a Latin cross formy sable.

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Alexandra du Sommet, Sable, four piles inverted in point and on a chief Or, three broad arrows inverted sable. There is a CD for the cumulative changes to the tertiary charges. The second CD must come from the piles; however, in this case there is not a difference for the number of piles. With so many piles evenly spaced across the shield, the effect is of a divided field rather than individual charges; and just as we grant no difference between bendy of six and bendy of eight, neither can we grant difference between what is essentially gyronny from chief of nine and gyronny from chief of thirteen. If the individual piles cannot be easily counted, we can grant no difference for number.

On resubmission please make sure the interlacing of the mullet is visible.

MIDDLE

Matheus Mac Eoin. Device. Per pale sable and argent, in pale three crosses crosslet Or.

This device is returned for administrative reasons: the forms sent to Laurel did not match the emblazon on OSCAR. The OSCAR emblazon matched the OSCAR blazon, Per pale sable and argent, in pale three crosses crosslet Or; however, the form sent to Laurel had the field tinctures reversed in both blazon and emblazon. Normally a tincture mismatch is not grounds for return, but as we are uncertain which field the submitter actually wants we are forced to return this submission.

In either case, this device would be returned for conflict with the device of Cathleen de Barre, Gules, three crosses crosslet fitchy Or. There is a CD for changes to the field. As Matheus's crosses cannot be arranged two and one (since that would place an Or cross entirely on the argent portion of the field), the change from two and one to in pale must be considered a forced move and not worth a CD.

Owain ap Iorwerth. Device. Ermine, a pale bretessed vert surmounted by a brown wolf rampant proper.

The blazon and emblazon in OSCAR had an erminois field (Or with sable ermine spots) while the forms received by Laurel had the field blazoned as erminois but were colored as ermine (argent with sable ermine spots). As the submitter apparently desires an erminois field, we are returning this for recoloring.

We note that in period armory when an ordinary is surmounted by an animate charge the charges' main axes are not parallel. Having a vertical charge overlying a vertical ordinary tends to obscure the underlying ordinary. While not required, we note that a fess bretessed would be much more identifiable than a pale bretessed in this case.

Raphael da Cernia. Device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, a bend sinister argent between a "weasel" rampant contourny and a wolf rampant contourny Or.

This device is returned for redraw. Commenters were unable to identify the weasel: the majority saw it as a feline of some type. As we give a substantial (X.2) difference between weasels and cats, each must be clearly drawn.

Stiamhna Ó Miadhaigh. Device. Vert, a lyre and on chief embattled Or three bear's heads erased contourny gules.

This device is returned as the emblazon in OSCAR does not match the emblazon sent to Laurel: on OSCAR the lyre had strings, but on the forms sent to Laurel that area was solidly Or. The field should show between the lyre's strings.

While a slight difference (or even absence) of internal detailing when comparing the emblazon in OSCAR and that sent to Laurel is not grounds at this time for return, that is because the outline of the charge is uneffected. Such differences may be grounds for return when the differences hinder the identifiability of the charge. However, in this submission, the difference is greater than simple internal detail: the outline of the charge is altered in the area where the strings are located. This mismatch in outline is the reason for return.

NORTHSHIELD

John Bartholomew of Flanders. Household name Company of Cheshire Archers.

This household name is presumptuous, infringing on the personal guard of Richard II of England; this group is known in most modern history books as the Cheshire archers. As the Cheshire archers were a group in personal service to a sovereign, and one whose presence is central to his control (or lack thereof) during his reign, their name is worthy of protection.

OUTLANDS

Alrik Boleslavov. Device. Per chevron sable and argent, two lions combatant and a tree blasted and eradicated counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the device for Courtney of Houghton, Per chevron sable and argent, two lions double-queued combattant argent and a Bowen cross gules. There is a single CD for changes to the bottommost charge. While the bottommost charge does differ in type and tincture, the Glossary of Terms (s.v. Half) notes: "The bottommost of three charges arranged two and one, either alone on the field or surrounding a central ordinary such as a fess or chevron, is defined as half of that charge group. However, no more than one difference may be obtained by making changes to that bottommost charge."

There was also an issue with the per chevron field: as drawn, it only comes up to the center of the shield, as though it were the bottom portion of a field per saltire. Please instruct the submitter to draw the per chevron field with its point farther to chief, upon resubmission.

Broddi Hornabrjótr. Name.

Precedent requires that descriptive bynames in Old Norse may only be registered in all lowercase letters. We would change the name to Broddi hornabrótr, but the submitter will accept no changes. Therefore, we are forced to return this name.

Slaine inghean Ui Sheanain. Device. Quarterly sable and argent, a thistle counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Sym Gilchrist of Fraser, Quarterly sable and argent, in sinister chief a thistle, slipped, leaved, and embowed sable. There is a CD for changing the tincture of the thistle, but nothing for its placement as Sym's thistle cannot be in the center of the field. Upon resubmission, please advise the submitter to draw the thistle in a more heraldic matter to improve its identifiability; as drawn, many commenters found it too similar to a stag's attires.

WEST

None.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

- Explicit -