THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR

Alys Lakewood. Name.

Cynthia du Pont. Name and device. Gules, a swan naiant within a bordure argent.

Piers Lakewood. Name.

Regina O'Duncan. Badge. (Fieldless) A frog bendwise sinister argent.

Seán Ó Gallchobhair. Name.

Submitted as Seán Ó Gallchobhar, Gaelic grammar requires that Gallchobhar be put into the genitive case following Ó, e.g, Ó Gallchobhair. We have changed the name to Seán Ó Gallchobhair to correct the grammar.

Seán Ó Gallchobhair. Blanket permission to conflict with name.

Þróndr steinsbrjótr. Name.

Submitted as Þróndr Steinbrjótr, descriptive bynames in Old Norse which are not based on proper nouns or proper adjectives should not be capitalized. Also, precedent says:

Submitted as Ragnarr rifbrjótr, all the documented examples of X-brjótr that were supplied on the LoI and by the commenters have the X element in the genitive case. We have changed the name to Ragnarr rifsbbrjótr to match the documented examples and fix the grammar [LoAR 08/2008, Atlantia-A].

We have changed the name to Þróndr steinsbrjótr in order to register it.

Wealdsmere, Barony of. Order name Order of the Silver Quiver (see PENDS for other order names).

ANSTEORRA

Adolf Bernhard. Name and device. Per pale sable and gules, on a plate a bear passant per pale gules and sable and on a chief argent three pellets.

Amata Amati d'Arezzo. Device. Per fess embattled gules and argent, a sun in splendor Or and a fleur-de-lys gules.

The fleur-de-lys was blazoned on the LoI as florencée. The exact drawing style of fleurs-de-lys is a non-blazonable artistic detail. The submitter is entirely welcome to use a Florentine fleur-de-lys in depictions of her armory.

Branislava Kirilova doch' Volkova. Device. Azure, on a chevron inverted sable fimbriated three spur-rowels argent.

Ciarán Mac Giolla Bhríghde. Name.

Coenred æt Rauenesdale. Household name Company of Hellsgate.

Colecte La Fourniere. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Colecte le fournier_, the submitter requested authenticity for 1400s Burgundy, France. The byname le fournier is a masculine form; during the 15th century we would expect a woman to use a feminine form, e.g., La Fourniere, which is found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "French Names from Paris 1421, 1423, & 1438", with two examples in 1421, and in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Choisy, France, 1475-1478", dated to 1477. We have changed the name to Colecte La Fourniere to meet her request for authenticity.

Diego de Quevedo. Name.

Nice name!

Genevieve d'Avignon. Name.

Gwendolyn MacHutcheon. Name.

Gwendolyn is the submitter's legal given name.

Isobel de Kirkbryde. Device. Argent, a saltire vert between in pale two roses azure leaved vert.

Blazoned on the LoI as camellias, that term was allowed in September 2004 due to a cant. There is no cant here. Since the flowers are indistinguishable from roses, we have blazoned them as such.

Kazimierz of Loch Ruadh. Device. Per bend sable and azure, a double-headed eagle between three crosses patonce argent.

Kolfinna Káradóttir. Device. Quarterly gules and argent, in bend two Bowen knots Or.

Radegund of Tours. Device. Sable, a tower and on a chief argent three turnips purpure leaved vert.

The submitter has permission to conflict with Daibhead MacUater, Sable, a castle, on a chief argent three pheons sable.

Ricciardo da Nicolosi. Badge. Vert, a winged stag's head affronty erased at the shoulder wings displayed Or.

Richard MacHutcheon. Name.

Roesia Sorweles. Name.

Good 13th C English name!

Rose atte Wode. Name.

Nice 13th C English name!

Sarra Asshton of York. Device. Gyronny of ten ermine and vert.

ARTEMISIA

Brigit ingen ui Chillini. Device. Per chevron inverted vert and argent, a lion sejant Or and three trefoils vert.

Clare de Lacy. Name (see RETURNS for device).

This does not conflict with Clare de Crecy. The bynames are significantly different in appearance, and the change in initial consonant plus the change in vowel quality is enough for the two to also be significantly different in sound.

Dietrich of Huntington. Name change from Deodericus of Huntington.

The byname of Huntington is grandfathered to him. This name combines English and German, which is one step from period practice.

His previous name, Deodericus of Huntington, is released.

Gabriel Hawke the Gunsmith. Device. Per pale azure and argent, in fess a hawk displayed belled and jessed per pale argent and sable between two wheel-lock pistols palewise triggers to center argent and sable.

This is the defining instance of a wheel-lock pistol in Society armory. This type of pistol is a period artifact, dating from the early 1500's.

The use of a bird displayed, other than an eagle, is a step from period practice.

Jules Warwick. Name and device. Sable, an elephant statant argent between four quatrefoils two and two Or.

The name was listed on the LoI as Jules Warnick, but both the forms and the documentation listed the byname as Warwick. We have made this correction.

The tincture of the quatrefoils was omitted on the LoI. A correction listing the tincture was made the next day. Since a color emblazon was also included, enough commenters noted the correct tincture, that this does not need to be pended for further conflict checking.

Matilda of Stirling. Name and device. Per fess azure and gules, a demi-sun issuant from the line of division Or and a pair of wings conjoined in lure argent.

There was some question whether Stirling was a period spelling of the place name. The Dictionary of the Scots Language has period examples of this spelling, including "The hayl exspencis of the justis ayre of Stirling" in 1492, s.v. lugin.

Sumayya bint Suleiman. Device. Per chevron throughout purpure and gules, two crescents and an elephant statant argent.

This is clear of Candice of Swampkeep, Per chevron purpure and gules, in pale a crescent and in fess an increscent and decrescent argent. There is an obvious CD for the change in arrangement, from two-and-one to one-and-two. There is also a CD for arrangement of the charge group: two of Candice's three crescents have their points to dexter and sinister, all of the charges in Sumayya's submission are upright.

ATENVELDT

Annya Sergeeva. Device. Argent, three eggs gules each charged with a Latin cross bottony argent, on a chief gules a cat couchant argent.

Pleaes instruct the submitter that depictions of this device should be careful to draw eggs which are distinguishable from roundels.

Annya Sergeeva and Robert Heinrich. Joint badge. Argent, an egg gules charged with a Latin cross bottony argent within a torse wreathed Or and sable.

Dulcia le Fey. Name and device. Per bend sinister purpure and argent, three butterflies argent and a tree eradicated proper.

Ered Sûl, Barony of. Badge (see RETURNS for order name). Azure, on a mountain of three peaks vert, fimbriated and snow-capped argent, a torch Or.

This depiction of a mountain with snow, blazoned in this fashion, is grandfathered to the submitters.

James O Callan. Name and device. Per pale vert and Or, a vol and in chief a tricune counterchanged.

Submitted as Seamus O'Callan, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Ireland, desiring an Anglicized Gaelic form of the name. Seamus is the Gaelic form of James; in an Anglicized Gaelic name, we would expect to see James rather than the Gaelic form Seamus.

The byname O'Callan is an anglicized form which is found temp. Elizabeth I - James I. We have very few records of Anglicized Gaelic names before the 16th century, so we cannot say for sure whether O'Callan is appropriate for the 12th century. However, the earlier you go, the less appropriate the use of the apostrophe in the anglicized form is. We have therefore changed the name to James O_Callan to partially meet his request for authenticity.

Leah inghean Phadraig. Name and device. Per saltire Or and argent, three domestic cats courant in annulo gules.

Submitted as Leah ingen Padraig, the byname violated RfS III.1.a by combining Middle Irish ingen with Early Modern Irish Padraig. Additionally, in an Early Modern Irish feminine patronymic byname, Padraig lenites to Phadraig. We have changed the name to Leah inghean Phadraig in order to register it.

Leah is the submitter's legal given name.

Luke Walker. Name and device. Per pale Or and purpure, in pale three triple-towered castles counterchanged.

Submitted as Luke Walker of Skye, this name was immediately evocative of Luke Skywalker of Star Wars fame. While the order of the elements has changed, the rearrangement of the elements is not sufficient to remove the appearance of an implicit claim to be that Luke; such implicit claims are not registerable per RfS I.3. The submitter indicated that if there was a problem with presumption, he preferred to have the second byname, of Skye, dropped. We have dropped the second byname in order to register the name, as Luke Walker_.

Marius Pelagius Calvus. Name and device. Per chevron inverted gules and azure, a Latin cross formy and a bordure dovetailed argent.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the line of division slightly lower.

Morgana Quarry. Badge. (Fieldless) An opinicus segreant purpure.

Nice badge!

Ragnarr of Atenveldt. Holding name and device. Ermine, a dragon rampant contourny azure maintaining in the sinister forefoot an awl palewise point to chief and in the dexter forefoot a human skull sable within a bordure per bend sinister sable and azure.

Submitted under the name Ragnarr skinnskrifari í Bládrekafirði, that name was returned on the June 2008 LoAR.

Ulrich Gotfrid. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and argent, a bend sinister gules, in dexter chief a cross couped of chain Or.

Submitted as Ulrich Gottfried, both elements were documented to the 14th century and the submitter requested authenticity for 10th-12th C German. Talan Gwynek, "Some Early Middle High German Bynames" has Ulricus Dives 1174 (this is a Latinized form of the given name), Ulrich Scaphili 1155, and Gotfrid Chnobolohe 1165. On the basis of this, Ulrich Gotfrid is an authentic late 12th C name. We have changed the name to this form to meet his request for authenticity.

Vincent Matthew of Kilkenny. Name.

ATLANTIA

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Badge and standard augmentation for children of the sovereigns. (Fieldless) An escallop purpure.

This badge is intended to be the standard form of any Augmentation of Arms which is granted by kings and queens of Atlantia to their own children. We note that while the royals can suggest the form for Augmentations of Arms, and a suggestion coming from one's parents is likely to be listened to, the actual form of any augmentation is between the submitter and the College of Arms.

Averey Cockes. Name and device. Argent, a portcullis sable and on a chief embattled vert three cocks argent.

Brigit Carruthers. Name and device. Per pale Or and vert, in saltire two quill pens and on a chief three shamrocks counterchanged.

Emma verch Howell. Device. Per pall inverted gules, vert and argent, two maple leaves argent and a beaver statant gules.

Gertrude zu dem Walde. Device. Per fess gules and sable, a tree blasted and eradicated within a bordure indented Or.

Jack Black of Flint. Name.

The addition of the locative byname of Flint clears this of any potential conflict with the modern actor Jack Black. We decline to rule at this time whether Jack Black is important enough to protect from conflict.

Lie du Bosc. Name and device. Azure, a cross countercompony argent and sable between four trees couped argent.

This name combines French and Occitan, which is one step from period practice.

Merwenna Maycock. Device. Per fess embattled Or and gules, two cocks counterchanged.

Sebastien de Vymont. Device. Purpure, two foxes sejant guardant respectant and on a chief embattled Or three crosses fleury fitchy sable.

Simeon the Palmere. Name and device. Azure, an anchor argent between in fess two escallops Or.

Susan Wise. Name.

DRACHENWALD

Auriana dicta Lopere. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Dutch language/culture. The name is authentic for Dutch culture, as both elements are found in Dutch records.

Josian Taylor. Name.

Lüthard von Calebergh. Name and device. Azure, three lymphads, oars shipped, argent.

Oars shipped means that the oars are not visible, since they are inside the boat. The Society default is oars in action, which means that they are visible.

Similarly, the lymphads have their sails furled, which is the default.

Matthias de Flintbeke. Name.

EAST

Albrecht von Landshut. Device. Per chevron azure and argent, two crosses potent argent and a tower sable.

Alexander Younger. Name.

Nice name!

Berach MacTawisch. Name and device. Paly sable and argent, a bear rampant contourny and a chief Or.

This name combines Middle Irish and Scots; this is one step from period practice. Because Berach is the name of a saint, there is no temporal disparity.

Black Rose, March of the. Badge. (Fieldless) A rose sable, barbed and charged with the letters "B" and "R" argent.

Cassandra Matis. Name and device. Vert, a gurges and a bordure Or.

Submitted as Cassandra Matisse, the byname Matisse was documented from Dauzat, Dictionnaire Étymologique des Noms de Lieux de la France as an undated form of Mathieu. As with other sources, undated names from Dauzat are only registerable if it is demonstrated that the forms are consistent with period spellings. No such evidence was provided for Matisse; the closest dated form that any of the commenters found is Matis, which appears as a given name in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names Found in Commercial Documents from Bordeaux, 1470-1520". We have changed the name to Cassandra Matis_ to use a documented form of Mathieu as an unmarked patronymic byname.

This device was blazoned on the letter of intent as having a vert field and an Or gurges. Commenters asked, since this is the spiral version of the gurges, whether this submission should be considered to have a vert field or an Or field. An Or bordure would not have good contrast with an Or field. The Cover Letter to the May 2007 LoAR says, in part:

According to our rules, overall charges must have good contrast with the field, not with the charge (in this case, with the gurges). The closest analogy would be with a field fretty: since the fretwork is a charge (no matter how thickly the laths are drawn), any overall charge must count contrast with the field, not with the fret. Thus Sable fretty Or, overall a lion gules breaks the rule of contrast, no matter how thick the Or latticework is drawn. Likewise, Azure, a gurges argent, overall a lion gules breaks the rule of contrast, even though the lion may be equally supported by metal and color. However, unlike fretty, with a gurges this has the equally valid blazon, Argent, a gurges azure, overall a lion gules, which technically does have good contrast with the field. Thus, if overall charges are present with the spiral form of gurges, the field will be blazoned as the tincture that has good contrast with the overall charge. If there are no overall charges, the field will be blazoned as the tincture in the dexter chief corner.

While the bordure is not an overall charge, the same principle applies: armory featuring a spiral-style gurges and a peripheral ordinary should be blazoned such that the peripheral ordinary has good contrast with the field.

Culen mac Cianain. Name change from holding name Scott of Settmour Swamp.

Finnghuala Rowan. Name.

This name combines Gaelic and Scots, which is one step from period practice.

Joffrey Beauchamp de Tournoir. Reblazon of device. Party of six Or and gules, three dog's heads erased gules.

The original blazon of this device, in March 1978, called the charges talbot's heads. The item was reblazoned in August 1979 as Per fess Or and gules, a pale counterchanged, overall three hinds heads gules two and one, with the text "Note: Re-emblazon, drawing does not look like deer."

We were tempted to retain the blazon as 'hinds', though they were not emblazoned that way. The reblazon appears to have been due to private correspondence with the submitter. However, we register the emblazon, not the blazon, a principle which was already established at the time of the reblazon. We assume, based on the date of the reblazon, that calling them hinds was the easiest way to deal with yet another issue in the huge backlog.

Since the charges lack the leaf-shaped ears of a hind, they are not hinds. They also lack the floppy ears of a talbot, so they are not talbots. The heads are closest to generic dog's heads, and we have so blazoned them. As this is being reblazoned to correctly identify the charges, we have taken the opportunity to clarify the fact that the heads are a single charge group by reblazoning the remainder of the device as a field, not a field with a counterchanged pale.

Please see the Cover Letter for more details on older blazons and emblazons.

Lianor de Matos. Name and device. Or, three stag's heads erased gules.

Nice name!

This is clear of Joffrey Beauchamp de Tournoir, Party of six Or and gules, three dog's heads erased gules, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter, by X.2.

Nice armory!

Thomas Monrow of Longhill. Name and device. Argent semy of pommes, two monkeys combatant sable.

Tyffayne de Trumpington. Name.

Yet another very nice name!

GLEANN ABHANN

Aktay of Grey Niche. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Gules, on a chalice between in fess two lozenges Or, an Arabic pen box fesswise sable.

Submitted under the name Aktay al-Firas ibn Abdallah al-Jarakisa.

Eilionora of Kisimull. Name and device. Argent, a castle sable atop a mount vert charged with a triskele argent, in chief an Oriental dragon passant sable.

This name combines Gaelic and Scots; this is one step from period practice.

The use of an Oriental dragon is one step from period practice.

Some commenters inquired if this armory was overly pictorial armory per RfS VIII.4.a, "Pictorial Design", which states, in part, "Design elements should not be combined to create a picture of a scene or landscape. For example, combining a field divided per fess wavy azure and Or with a sun and three triangles Or, as well as a camel and two palm trees proper to depict the Nile Valley would not be acceptable." It is important to remember that heraldry reminiscent of simple landscapes is not uncommon period armory. The "landscape" in this armory is similar to period armorial designs, and is much simpler than the example given in RfS VIII.4.a.

Hesperis Ephesia. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Hesperis Ephasia, both the forms and the documentation gave the byname as Ephesia. We have made this correction.

Lennán mac Gille Bhrátha. Name.

Submitted as Lennán mac Gille Bhrath_, the patronym mac Gille Bhrath, was documented from footnote 3 of Academy of S. Gabriel Report #717. This is one of the Academy's earlier reports, and because the earlier S. Gabriel Reports were not always to the same high standard that the Academy currently uses, it is labeled "please use with caution". The report says:

There is one apparent exception, <Archibald Makillewray> 1535. However, it comes from a Scots record, and we know that for some reason <Archibald> was usual Scots substitute for Gaelic <Gilleasbuig>. (This is the name sometimes represented in English as <Gillespy>.) It's very likely that this man's name was actually <Gilleasbuig mac Gille Bhrath> in Gaelic.

As this footnote provides no supporting evidence for mac Gille Bhrath being a medieval Gaelic byname, it is insufficient documentation. Fause Losenge provides the following information about period Gaelic forms of the Scots byname MacGillivray or Makillewray:

After OIr <gilla>, EMIr <giolla>, Sc.Gael. <gille> one expects the (lenited) genitive. The genitive of EMIr <bréth> 'judgement, esp. the last judgement' is <brétha> (and the gen. of Sc.Gael. <bràth> is <brátha>). Woulfe gives the Irish equivalent of the Scottish surname as <Mac Giolla Bhrátha>, exactly as one would expect, and with one small change (besides the usual substitution of <mac> for <Mac>) this is the form that I'd use.

EMIr <giolla> and Sc.Gael. <gille> show that while standard Irish kept the unpalatalized <ll> of OIr <gilla>, in the Scottish dialects it was palatalized. I very much doubt that this is a modern development, so I'd use <Gille> instead of EMIr <Giolla>. (I see that Effick agrees, giving the Common Gaelic spelling as <Gille> at http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/gaelicgiven/men/gillechriosd.shtml.)

Thus, I'd make the patronymic <mac Gille Bhrátha> for Scotland after ~1200, restoring the final <-a> of the genitive.

We have made this correction to register the name as Lennán mac Gille Bhrátha.

MIDDLE

Amye Goldwyn. Badge. (Fieldless) A cross swallowtailed per pale purpure and Or.

Submitted as a mullet of eight points, mullets are depicted with longer points and are oriented with a point to chief. Commenters suggested a cross swallowtailed, which more closely resembles the emblazon and is reproducable.

Crescentia Fuggerin. Name and device. Argent, a bear salient purpure between three cherries gules, slipped and leaved vert.

Guillaume le Strange. Name and device. Per bend azure and vert, a rabbit couchant attired with a stag's antlers argent.

This does not conflict with Guy Lestrange. The given names are significantly different in sound and appearance, and neither is a diminutive of the other.

Gylis Scot. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Scottish language/culture, but this request was not summarized on the LoI. Normally this would be cause for pending the name, to give the commenters address his authenticity request. However, Effrick neyn Kennyeoch provided such information in her commentary:

This name is actually a lovely, authentic Scots name. <Gylis> can be found (albeit in a woman's name) dated 1476 in The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007), 1476/7/58. Date accessed: 1 November 2008 (available free at http://rps.ac.uk/): "Before the lordis auditouris Gylis Mailvile and Thomas Mailvile, hir sone..."

The same spelling is also used in a 1475 reference to a church named after the (male) saint [RPS, 1475/19. Date accessed: 1 November 2008.]: "... on a daye in Saint Gylis kirk within the burgh of Edinburgh".

<Scot>, as indicated above, can be found in my article ["Early 16th Century Scottish Lowland Names"]. So Gylis Scot is indeed an authentic Scottish name.

Lawrence the Bruce. Name.

There was some question whether the byname the Bruce was used outside of the well-known example of Robert the Bruce. While the byname was originally locative in origin (deriving from some unidentified French place name), with the preposition de corrupted to le and thence to the, there are examples of forms with le or the used by people other than Robert, including Sir John le Brews in Mari Elspeth nic Brian, "An Index to the 1332 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Lincolnshire, England", Peter the Breus and William son of Peter the Breus in The Court Rolls of the Manor of Wakefield, Vol. IV, 1315 to 1317, edited by John Lister and published in 1930, p. 88, and Ricardus le Breus, dated to 1302 in Inquisitions and Assessments relating to Feudal Aids, with other Analogous Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, published in 1904, p. 412. (The examples from Wakefield are possibly normalized, but would represent le Breus not de Breus in the original manuscript.) The spelling Bruce can be dated to a1387 in the Middle English Dictionary s.v. pleinen, which notes that "Robert le Bruce hadde i-pleyned to þe pope þat kyng Edward regned wrongfulliche þe reaume of Scotlond". All of this is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the Bruce could have been used in our period to refer to people other than the famous Bruce.

Michael of Blackhawk. Name.

Blackhawk is the registered name of an SCA branch.

Philippa Montagu. Device. Vert, a pall inverted argent between three acorns inverted slipped and leaved within a bordure Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the bordure thicker.

NORTHSHIELD

Blachemere, Canton of. Device. Argent, a sword sable, its lower half environed of a laurel wreath vert, a bordure quarterly azure and vert.

Delphine de la Fontaine. Name and device. Vert, a fountain between three fleurs-de-lys, a bordure embattled argent.

The LoI indicated that the name had been changed in kingdom to Daulphine de la Fontaine, but the name was not changed in the header or on the forms. No documentation for the spelling Daulphine was provided on the LoI, and Ragged Staff notes of the form Delphine:

The July 2002 LoAR (Atlantia-A) has:

"Delphina the Mad. Name. The submitter requested authenticity for the 16th C and did not specify a language or culture. Delphina is a Latinized form of the French name Delphine, which was the name of a saint from Provence who lived in the late 13th and early 14th centuries."

This makes the name registerable as originally submitted. Lacking documentation for the spelling Daulphine, it is not registerable.

Druscilla Galbraith. Device. Vert, a cross triple-parted and fretted argent.

Juliana de Montaign of Huntington. Device change. Purpure, a Greek sphinx sejant Or.

Her old device, Quarterly gules and Or ermined gules, two sea-lions reguardant Or, a bordure counterchanged, is retained as a badge.

Marguerite Lechanteur. Name and device. Per fess azure and sable, a fess between a lute fesswise reversed and a tulip leaved argent.

Valerius Paencalvus. Device change. Azure, a demi-bear contourny within a bordure embattled Or.

His old device, Azure, in pale a demi-bear rampant to sinister Or and a double-horned anvil argent, is retained as a badge.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the embattlements deeper. Ideally, they should be as deep as they are wide.

OUTLANDS

Aemilia Valeriana. Name change from Emma Yate.

Her previous name, Emma Yate, is retained as an alternate name.

Marie of Hawk's Hollow. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a lion's head jessant-de-lys Or and on a chief dovetailed argent a rapier reversed sable.

Submitted under the name Marie de Navarre.

SIREN

Aragon King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Spain.

Castilla King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Spain.

Corbie King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to France.

Crescent King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to France.

Croissant King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to France.

Cyprus King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to France.

Denmark King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Denmark.

Ermine King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Brittany.

España King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Spain.

Evreux King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Navarre.

Granada King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Spain.

Guyenne and Aquitaine King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to England.

Leon King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to Spain.

Limburg King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

This title belonged to France.

WEST

Amaryllis Alexandrea de Lacey. Device change. Gules, in bend sinister three pomegranates Or seeded gules.

Please instruct the submitter to draw each of the seeds larger, so that there is nearly no space between them. Typically, the seeds of the pomegranates comprise nearly the entire center of the fruit, so almost all of the center section of the fruit should be gules. The submitted depiction has small, widely separated gules seeds on an Or background.

Her old device, Per pale azure and Or, on a bend sinister cotised, two tassels palewise, all counterchanged, is released.

Eva van Brugge. Name change from Aibhilín inghean Eoghain.

The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Flemish. While we did not find any examples of the byname van Brugge in the 15th C, Walraven notes that it can be found on p. 122 of Wilfried Beele, Studie van de Ieperse Persoonsnamen uit de Stads- en Baljuwsrekeningen 1250-1400, (Familia et Patria, 1975), and Brugge is the standard modern form of the city's name. It's therefore likely that this spelling was also used in the 15th century.

Her previous name, Aibhilín inghean Eoghain, is released.

Isibel inghean Uilliam. Name.

Kors Damiszoon. Name.

Nice 15th C Dutch name!

Michael of the Shire. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per saltire Or and purpure, an arrow sable.

Submitted under the name Miach of the Shire.

Owen ap Morgan. Device change. Vert, on a bend engrailed argent three oak leaves vert.

His old device, Vert, on a bend sinister engrailed argent three oak leaves vert, is retained as a badge.

Sciath inghean Airt. Name and device. Per fess vert and sable, in bend sinister three bees Or.

The submitter requested authenticity for Irish 900-1200, but does not allow major changes. The name is not authentic because it combines Old or Middle Irish Sciath with Early Modern Irish inghean Airt. We cannot change the name to the wholly Old or Middle Irish form Sciath ingen Airt, because the change of language is a major change.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the bees to better fill the space.

Veronica of Silver Desert. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Purpure, three lozenges Or.

Nice armory!

Submitted under the name Veronica Perla.

Wolfgrim Kolbrands son. Name and device. Quarterly sable and vert, in bend sinister two wolf's heads cabossed argent.

Submitted as Wulfgrim Kolbrands_, this combined an ostensibly Old English given name with a Norwegian byname. The combination of Old English and Norwegian is not registerable. Old English had become Middle English before Old Norse had developed into Norwegian, meaning that there was no significant contact between the speakers of these two languages.

Additionally, the given name, Wulfgrim, was documented from Searle, Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum. Searle uses standardized, normalized forms for all of his entries; he is not a reliable source for any spelling variant, and any entry in his source should be cross-checked against a more reliable source, such as Tengvik, Old English Bynames, the Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England, or Sean Miller's database of Anglo-Saxon charters. In this case, none of these sources were able to provide any citations for any form of Wulfgrim. Socin, Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch. Nach oberrheinischen Quellen des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts, p. 199 dates Wolfgrimus to 778; the expected vernacular of this would be Wolfgrim. Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name, p. 12 lists the given name Kolbrandr. The correct Old Norse patronymic byname formed from this name is Kolbrands son. We have changed the name to Wolfgrim Kolbrands_son in order to register the name; this combines Old German and Old Norse in the same name, which is one step from period practice.

- Explicit littera accipiendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

AN TIR

Elena de Maisnilwarin. Badge. (Fieldless) A standing balance sable.

Conflict with Edmund the Sentinel, Argent, a standing balance sable bearing on the dexter enhanced pan a hand couped sable holding a morning-star proper and on the sinister lowered pan a heart gules. There's a CD for the field. There is no CD for the slight tilt of the arms, and the hand, morningstar, and heart are all maintained charges.

Jorgen von Stein. Device. Quarterly gules and sable, a lion and in dexter three closed scrolls "palewise" in fess Or.

This is returned because the tincture in quarters 1 and 4 of the form is not gules, it is a dark shade of orange. Opinion at the meeting was that the submitter had fallen victim to an inkjet printout that has faded from the original tinctures.

It is also returned because the position of the scrolls, being somewhere between palewise and bendwise, is not blazonable.

On resubmission, the submitter should draw the scrolls with their central axes either clearly vertical, or aligned parallel to a line connecting the tick marks on the form provided for the purpose of drawing bendwise lines.

ANSTEORRA

Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Order name Award of the Crowns Grace.

This is returned for lack of documentation that Crowns Grace follows any of the meta-patterns of period order names laid out on the August 2005 Cover Letter. The LoI argued that the pattern <virtue> of <SCA sovereign entity> or <SCA sovereign entity's> <virtue> follows the period pattern of <virtue> of Mary or <virtue> of Christ, because medieval sovereigns were considered to rule by divine right and their SCA counterparts are the highest authorities in their realms. However, these cases are not analogous. We do not treat SCA sovereigns as religious figures, and we do not have any examples of generic references to medieval sovereigns used in order names in this fashion. Indeed, unless we have evidence of <virtue> of X where X is a person other than Jesus or Mary, use of this pattern could be seen as a presumptuous claim identifying the crown with either Jesus or Mary (or more likely both).

Colecte La Fourniere. Device. Azure fretty argent, a lily Or.

Conflict with Annora Margery FitzJames, Azure, fretty argent, a weaver's shuttle palewise Or, threaded vert. Neither the lily nor the shuttle is the primary charge here: the fretwork is the primary charge. There's a CD for the change of type of the overall charge, from lily to shuttle. The thread on a weaver's shuttle is less than half the charge, therefore there is not a CD for changing the tincture of the overall charge.

ARTEMISIA

Clare de Lacy. Device. Azure, a pegasus rampant between five fleurs-de-lys argent.

The pegasus and the fleurs-de-lys are drawn with similar visual weight. From a distance, this appears to be a single primary charge group composed of the pegasus and the fleurs-de-lys. Because of this appearance, this submission is in conflict with France, Ancient, Azure, semy-de-lys Or, with a single CD for the change of tincture of the primary charge. There is not a CD for changing the number from six to semy, nor is there a CD for changing the type of only one out of six charges.

Egill the Loomwright. Badge. Sable, in saltire a palmer's staff and a stick shuttle Or, a bordure Or goutty vert.

This submission is returned for administrative reasons. Section IV.B of the Administrative Handbook reads: "Submissions must be made through the appropriate heraldic officers as defined by the kingdom of which the submitter is a subject according to Corpora and Board policy." Since the submitter is a subject of the Kingdom of Caid, based on his address on the form, we must return this device.

Please see the Cover Letter for more details on cross-kingdom submissions.

Ewan MacEoghainn. Name.

Conflict with Eoin Mac Eoghain; Ewan and Eoin are insignificantly different in sound.

Jaques de Paris. Name.

Conflict with Jacques de Paris.

Karl Braden von Sobernheim. Badge. Vert, two hares salient respectant within a bordure argent.

Conflict with Rainillt Leia de Bello Marisco, Vert, two coneys combatant argent. There is a single CD for the addition of the bordure.

We note that this was submitted on the standard square badge form, but on a roundel display within it. Technically, it might have been considered a submission of (Fieldless) On a pomme fimbriated two hares salient respectant argent, and returnable for that reason alone. On resubmission, please have the submitter use the entire square field of the badge form.

Uriah MacGilchrist. Device. Argent, on a cross azure a Celtic cross moline Or.

The device is returned for conflict with Finland, Argent, a cross azure. There is a single CD for the addition of the tertiary cross.

Adding a roundel to an arbitrary type of cross to produce a Celtic cross of that type is a step from period practice.

Viðarr Brekebowe. Device. Per chevron inverted argent and gules, a chevron inverted sable between a strung longbow fesswise fracted proper and an apple Or slipped and leaved proper.

This is returned for having a complexity count of nine: argent, gules, sable, brown, Or, gules, chevron, bow, apple. It is also returned because commenters were unable to identify the bow. The fracting, the placement in fess, the hooked end of a mostly-straight piece, and the non-taut string all contributed to the lack of identifiability.

ATENVELDT

Ered Sûl, Barony of. Order name Order of the Mountain Flame.

This is being returned for lack of documentation. No documentation was provided that mountain was used as an adjective in our period, much less one that could plausibly modify flame in an order name. This has been grounds for return in the past:

[Order of the Mountain Hart] No evidence was given that "mountain" is a reasonable adjective to apply to a hart. While there are no doubt harts in the mountains, we know of no particular mountain variety. [Highland Foorde, Barony of, 10/99, R-Atlantia]

While the Barony already has registered to them the order name Order of the Mountain Lily, the grandfather clause cannot be appealed to here because the submitted name does not follow the construction Order of the Mountain [flower]. Furthermore, the LoI's documentation for the word flame being used to mean 'ignited gas' dates the term to c. 1684, which is well beyond our gray area.

If the submitters would like to resubmit an order name containing references to both mountains and flames, we suggest they consider Order of the Mount and Flame. Both mounts and flames are standard heraldic charges, and the August 2005 Cover Letter cites the medieval order Order of the Ermine and the Ears of Corn. This supports the pattern Order of the <heraldic charge> and <heraldic charge> for order names.

Felipe Cuervo. Household name House Fénix de Oro.

The household name was documented as following the "inn-sign" pattern. While the LoI provided evidence for this pattern in English, no evidence was provided, either on the LoI or by the commenters, for the pattern in Spanish. Lacking such evidence, this household name is not registerable.

ATLANTIA

Beata Lyndon of Taylorwood. Device. Per pale vert and argent, a tree couped within a bordure counterchanged.

This submission is in conflict with the device of Wolfgang von Valkonberg, Per pale vert and argent, a blasted tree atop a mount counterchanged. There is a CD for changing the secondary from a mount to a bordure. We do not grant difference for blasting:

... no difference between a tree and a tree blasted: "There is no CD between a tree eradicated and a tree blasted and eradicated, as noted in the August 1994 LoAR... This is because there are period depictions of trees with only a few leaves." (LoAR July 2000) [Kenric of Rohan, 03/02, R-Meridies]

DRACHENWALD

None.

EAST

Þórlæifr hvítskegg. Device. Sable, three wolf's heads caboshed one and two argent.

Conflict with Fandral Silverfox, Sable, a fox's mask argent. There is only one CD for the difference in number of heads. No difference is granted between fox heads and wolf heads, both of which are considered artistic variants of canids.

Ynys y Gwaed, Cantref of. Branch name and device. Argent, on a bend azure between two pine trees couped gules a laurel wreath palewise argent, all within a bordure gules.

This is being returned for lack of documentation of both the elements and the construction. The name was intended to mean "island of the blood", and was patterned after the Welsh place name Pont Rhyd-y-gwaed. However, per the submitters' own documentation, Pont Rhyd-y-gwaed is a 19th/20th C settlement, so its name cannot be taken as indicative of medieval Welsh place name practices.

Harpy provides detailed information about the proposed name and its construction:

The place-name proposed as a model for this submission, Pont Rhyd-y-gwaed, follows a relatively common structure for its specific type -- but that type involves bridges and fords. The name breaks down to "Bridge [at] Ford [of] the 'gwaed'". I'm leaving "gwaed" untranslated because I'm not entirely certain what the origin and meaning of the element is in this name. There is a word "gwaed" meaning "blood", and it's possible that this place name makes metonymic reference to a battle or something of the sort, but I hesitate to make assumptions. (I can find at least one website that mentions a legend that the name comes from a local Civil War battle.) But the general pattern of "Pont Rhyd-y-X" is relatively common. A brief unscientific survey of my placename references suggests that the majority of names beginning with "Pont Rhyd ..." use this format, and about half of names beginning in "Rhyd" are of the form "Rhyd-y-X".

...

But then, we aren't naming a ford (or a bridge at a ford), so how does this relate to names of islands? An unscientific survey of the same sources suggests that only about 10% of names beginning with "ynys" are of the form "Ynys-y-X". The examples here are:

-	Ynys y Barri (an idiomatic construction where Barri derives from a personal name)

-	Ynys-y-bwl (of the pool)

-	Ynys-y-maen-gwyn (of the white stone)

-	Ynys-y-maerdy (of the reeve's house)

-	Ynysoedd-y-moelrhoniaid (of the seals)

A lot fewer examples to project from, but all either fixed local features, local fauna, or a proper name.

...

The unscientific placename survey was taken from:

-	Charles, B.G.. 1992. Place-Names of Pembrokeshire (2 vol.). National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth. ISBN 0-907158-58-7

-	Davies, Elwyn. 1958. Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd (Gazetteer of Welsh Place N. Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, Caerdydd.

-	Richards, Melville. 1969. Welsh Administrative and Territorial Units. University of Wales Press, Cardiff.

Lacking evidence that Ynys y Gwaed follows patterns of period Welsh island names, this group name is not registerable.

Additionally, the only documentation that was provided for the elements ynys, y, and gwaed were pages from a modern Welsh translation website. This is insufficient for registration.

The group wanted to use Welsh Cantref as its branch designator instead of Canton. Cantref is not one of the standard branch designators listed in Appendix B of the Administrative Handbook. Corpora III.C.1 says that "the Society recognizes that equivalent terms exist in many languages, and permits a branch to use any valid equivalent for the standard designation for a branch of its level, as determined by the College of Arms. Any branch wishing to use a term which has not yet been included on the College's list of established alternates should apply through its kingdom's College of Heralds for permission to use the new designation." If the submitters wish to use the designator Cantref instead of Canton, then upon resubmission they will need to include evidence that Cantref was used in medieval Wales for geographical entities that are roughly equivalent to SCA cantons.

Since the name was returned, we are forced to return the armory. We do not create holding names for groups.

GLEANN ABHANN

Edric of Seleone. Device. Per pall argent, vert and purpure, in chief a lozenge sable.

Conflict with Solveig Gunnadóttir ór Úlfey, Per pale Or and argent, a lozenge sable. The submitted lozenge is forced to chief on the non-neutral field. We do not grant a CD for forced moves. There is, therefore, only a single CD for the change of tincture of the field.

Elspeth MacGreggor. Name.

This is being returned for conflict with Eliza MacGregor. Per precedent, Eliza is a pet form of Elizabeth, and thus conflicts with it when both are used as a given name:

This name is being returned for conflict with Eliza MacGregor (registered June 1998 via Trimaris). As Eliza is a diminutive of Elizabeth, they conflict. [Elizabeth McGrigour, 11/01, R-Æthelmearc]

The question was raised whether Eliza is a diminutive of Elspeth, which is a variant of Elizabeth. If Eliza is not a pet form of Elspeth, then the two do not conflict because they are significantly different in sound and spelling. However, we have examples of Elspeth and Elizabeth being used interchangeably to refer to the same person, e.g., "Dame Elspeth or Elizabeth Pantone" dated to 1539-48 in Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Panton. Given that we have examples of the same person being recorded as Elizabeth and Elspeth, it seems like splitting of semantical hairs to say that Eliza is a pet form of one but not the other.

MIDDLE

Mardöll Vilhjálmsdóttir. Name.

This is returned for using a unique, fictional name. The given name was documented, as Mard{o,}ll, from Geirr Bassi, The Old Norse Name. Fause Losenge says of this entry:

Unfortunately, Geirr was a bit overenthusiastic when he included <Mardo,ll> in his pamphlet: E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden (Uppsala & Leipzig: 1905-1915, sup. Oslo, Uppsala and Kobenhavn: 1931) s.n. <Mardo,ll> notes that this is a fictitious, invented name found in the Prose Edda. It's used in Chapter 35 of the section known as 'Gylfaginning' as an alternative name for the goddess Freyja. . . Besides references to Freyja Lind notes only a single reference to a <Mardo,ll Gríms dóttir>, who, he says, is probably fictional, a character invented by the composer of 'Brandkrossa þáttr'.

Lacking evidence that Mard{o,}ll was used by real people in our period or that it was used in period literature as the name of a human woman, it is not registerable.

Additionally, the use of ö to represent the o-ogonek is a modern typographical convention; in the SCA, we represent the letter as {o,} in standard SCA Da'ud notation.

Raphael Delchambre and Thomas der Kreuzfahrer. Joint badge. (Fieldless) On an anvil reversed sable a chevron argent, overall a cross of Santiago enhanced Or.

This is returned for multiple reasons.

First, the position of the cross is not blazonable. Blazoned as 'overall enhanced', overall must still cross both edges of the anvil, enhanced or not. The submission here only crosses the upper edge. There are no blazon terms to properly describe the submitted arrangement. Indeed, to quote my predecessor, in a similar situation with a charge blazoned 'overall abased': "Either the head should be solidly overall - i.e., centered on the field, astride the saltire, with most of its outline therefore against the field - or it should be in base, and not overlapping the saltire at all. The half-and-half placement used here has long been grounds for return."

Second, the overall cross obscures the chevron to the point where it is difficult to identify as a chevron, a violation of RfS VIII.3: "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability."

Last, the cross is not what we call a cross of Santiago, which would have flory ends. This cross has moline ends. We are unable to blazon it as a cross moline fitchy, because that would omit the flare in the lower limb, present in the submission, which is the difference between a cross of Santiago and a cross flory fitchy. As the submitted cross is not blazonable, it must be returned.

NORTHSHIELD

Ulrich von Regensburg. Name.

Conflict with Auric von Regensburg. The given names are insufficiently different in sound and spelling.

The name was listed on the forms as Ulric_ von Regensburg, and on the LoI as both Ulric_ von Regensburg and Ulrich von Regensburg, causing considerable question as to which form was actually submitted. Had not both forms of the name conflicted with Auric von Regensburg, we would have had to pend this name for further research under the actually submitted form.

OUTLANDS

Æðeluulf munuc. Device. Counter-ermine, a ram's head cabossed argent armed and jessant of a straight trumpet Or.

This was an appeal of a Laurel return of this same emblazon. The submitter points out that we register the emblazon, not the blazon, and asks that we use the suggested blazon of "a trumpet surmounted by a ram's head" and register this device.

The submitter has, unfortunately, apparently misunderstood the (somewhat poorly worded) return in November 2007. It is true that we change the blazon as necessary to describe the emblazon. Close examination of this emblazon shows it to be confusing: there is definitely a lower jaw line. Though they are not perfectly aligned, the lines of the trumpet appear to extend upward past the bottom edge of the jaw and terminate at the top of the mouth. Determination of whether or not this arrangement is jessant must, therefore, be determined by the tincture of this rectangle. This rectangle is clearly tinctured Or, which means that it is part of the trumpet, causing it to appear to issue from the mouth. This appearance, with that rectangle considered part of the trumpet, is why the November 2007 LoAR blazoned it, correctly, as a "Ram's head jessant of a straight trumpet", since that blazon describes what the emblazon shows.

Due to the extended discussion of the submitter's intent at the meeting, we decided to refer to the original submission form. There, the submitter blazoned the motif as "Counter-Ermine, a ram's head caboshed argent horned and jessant of a straight-trumpet Or". The submitter appears to have emblazoned exactly that design (jessant, not surmounted), which means that the original return was correct.

The wording of the original return, mentioning the temptation to blazon it as a head surmounting a trumpet, appears to have been expressing frustration that this was so close to being registerable except for the small yellow rectangle, not a suggestion for a legal blazon under which that emblazon could have been registered.

We must also point out the Administrative Handbook, Section IV. "General Procedures for Submissions", section C, "Completed Paperwork", subsection 1 "Submissions Forms", which says "Appropriate forms must be included for all submissions, including appeals, resubmissions, name changes, etc." (emphasis added). No paperwork was submitted for this appeal, so we would be within our rights to return this submission on that basis alone.

Marie de Navarre. Name.

This conflicts with Marie de Navarre, the wife of Peter the Ceremonious, King of Aragon in the mid-14th C. It also conflicts with Maria de Medici, wife of Henry III, King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610; as Queen Consort of Navarre from 1600 to 1610, she is properly known as Marie de Navarre.

Her armory was registered under the holding name Marie of Hawk's Hollow.

SIREN

Algarve King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title Algarve King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

Brabant King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title Brabant King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

Bretagne King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title Bretagne King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

Champagne King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title Champagne King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

Flandres King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title Flandres King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

Hainault King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title Hainault King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

India King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title India King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

Lorraine Herald or King of Arms. Heraldic title (important non-SCA title).

The important non-SCA heraldic title Lorraine Herald or King of Arms was registered in January 2008. As we do not register identical items, this must be returned.

WEST

Miach of the Shire. Name.

This is returned for lack of documentation for the given name. Ó Corráin and Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Miadach notes that Miach is a Modern Irish (c. 1700-present) form of the name, which appears as the name of one of the ladies of the fianna in the Finn tales and which in current times is sometimes used as a masculine name. As a Modern Irish form, Miach is not registerable; and lacking any evidence that a period form of Miadach was used by ordinary people in our period, men or women, it is not registerable.

His armory was registered under the holding name Michael of the Shire.

Veronica Perla. Name.

No evidence was provided on the LoI and none supplied by the commenters that the byname Perla was used before 1600. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable.

Her armory was registered under the holding name Veronica of Silver Desert.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE May 2009 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

AN TIR

Wealdsmere, Barony of. Order name Order of the Azure Glove.

The LoI cited the following precedent in support of the registerability of this order name:

Hidden Mountain, Barony of. Award name Award of the Azure Cloud (see RETURNS for badge). In general, names of heraldic tinctures are not registerable as part of order names where the language is English, because we have no examples of such usage and because the names of most heraldic tinctures were not used as ordinary adjectives in English until the very end of the 16th C. Azure appears to be the exception. According to the OED, the noun azure, meaning "A bright blue pigment or dye; ellipt. a fabric dyed of this colour", dates to at least the late 14th C. Chaucer mentions a figure "Cloothed in Asure". This and the citations provided by the submitter are sufficient to give them the benefit of the doubt that azure (like crimson) is used as an ordinary color name and hence is registerable as part of an order name. [LoAR 06/2006, Atlantia-A]

However, the August 2005 Cover Letter discussing patterns of period order names gives a stricter criterion for the use of color terms in order names:

Argent Snail, in arguing for more generous interpretations of patterns notes, "since we know that there were period order names of the form color (including Gold/golden) object, any color object should be considered acceptable, and not one step from period practice, even if the submitted color was not used in a period order name." While we are unwilling to extend the interpretation of period order names to include any color (images of "Order of Dead Spaniard Lion" leap to mind--"dead spaniard" being a fabric color found in Elizabethan England), we are often far stricter in our interpretations concerning colors than we are of other patterns. Therefore, since heraldic objects may be found in any heraldic tincture, the ordinary color name for any heraldic tincture may be used as part of an order name when combined with a heraldic charge (which, if applied to the example above, gives us the "Order of the Green Lion," a perfectly ordinary name.) Following this pattern comes with no penalty; even if a particular color found in heraldry is not found in any order name, its use in an order name still follows the established pattern. This does not overturn the precedent disallowing the registration of Orders of the form heraldic tincture name + object in English, since we have no examples of English order names that use heraldic tincture names. So, for example, while the Order of the Green Lion would be held to follow demonstrated patterns, Order of the Lion Vert or Order of the Vert Lion would not...[Order names for heraldic charges] may contain the ordinary color names of any heraldic tincture [emphasis added].

The June 2006 precedent demonstrates that azure or asure was used as a color term in English, but it does not show that this term was the ordinary color term for blue, as required by the August 2005 precedent. The two precedents seem to be in conflict with each other, but since the June 2006 precedent does not specifically mention the earlier August 2005 provisions, we cannot conclude that the August 2005 precedent was overturned. We would like the College's commentary on whether there is in fact a discrepancy between the two precedents and, if so, which of the two should be upheld.

This was item 10 on the An Tir letter of July 31, 2008.

Wealdsmere, Barony of. Order name Order of the Sable Sleeve.

Precedent, confirmed as recently as August 2008 (v. Gleann Abhann, Kingdom Of, Order of the Sable Banner), has long held that the heraldic tincture sable is not registerable in order names because we do not have examples of order names in English using the heraldic tincture names. The LoI noted that sable was used in English as a color term outside of heraldic contexts, and that therefore this ban should be overturned on the basis of this precedent:

Hidden Mountain, Barony of. Award name Award of the Azure Cloud (see RETURNS for badge). In general, names of heraldic tinctures are not registerable as part of order names where the language is English, because we have no examples of such usage and because the names of most heraldic tinctures were not used as ordinary adjectives in English until the very end of the 16th C. Azure appears to be the exception. According to the OED, the noun azure, meaning "A bright blue pigment or dye; ellipt. a fabric dyed of this colour", dates to at least the late 14th C. Chaucer mentions a figure "Cloothed in Asure". This and the citations provided by the submitter are sufficient to give them the benefit of the doubt that azure (like crimson) is used as an ordinary color name and hence is registerable as part of an order name. [LoAR 06/2006, Atlantia-A]

However, the August 2005 Cover Letter discussing patterns of period order names gives a stricter criterion for the use of color terms in order names:

Argent Snail, in arguing for more generous interpretations of patterns notes, "since we know that there were period order names of the form color (including Gold/golden) object, any color object should be considered acceptable, and not one step from period practice, even if the submitted color was not used in a period order name." While we are unwilling to extend the interpretation of period order names to include any color (images of "Order of Dead Spaniard Lion" leap to mind--"dead spaniard" being a fabric color found in Elizabethan England), we are often far stricter in our interpretations concerning colors than we are of other patterns. Therefore, since heraldic objects may be found in any heraldic tincture, the ordinary color name for any heraldic tincture may be used as part of an order name when combined with a heraldic charge (which, if applied to the example above, gives us the "Order of the Green Lion," a perfectly ordinary name.) Following this pattern comes with no penalty; even if a particular color found in heraldry is not found in any order name, its use in an order name still follows the established pattern. This does not overturn the precedent disallowing the registration of Orders of the form heraldic tincture name + object in English, since we have no examples of English order names that use heraldic tincture names. So, for example, while the Order of the Green Lion would be held to follow demonstrated patterns, Order of the Lion Vert or Order of the Vert Lion would not...[Order names for heraldic charges] may contain the ordinary color names of any heraldic tincture [emphasis added].

The June 2006 precedent demonstrates that azure or asure was used as a color term in English, but it does not show that this term was the ordinary color term for blue, as required by the August 2005 precedent. The two precedents seem to be in conflict with each other, but since the June 2006 precedent does not specifically mention the earlier August 2005 provisions, we cannot conclude that the August 2005 precedent was overturned. We would like the College's commentary on whether there is in fact a discrepancy between the two precedents and, if so, which of the two should be upheld.

This was item 11 on the An Tir letter of July 31, 2008.

GLEANN ABHANN

Aktay al-Firas ibn Abdallah al-Jarakisa. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Aktay al-Firas ibn Abdallah al-Jarakisa, the LoI noted that the name had been changed from the form Aktay al-Firaas Ibn Abdallah al-Jarakisa so that the laqab matched the documentation. However, the name appears on the form as Aktay al-Firas ibn `Abdullah al-Jarakisa, and no mention of the change to the patronym was made on the LoI. We are pending this so that Ruby can supply the reason that the change was made, so that the commenters can comment on the name with its full submissions history.

His device was registered under the holding name Aktay of Grey Niche.

The LoI originally provided the following information:

Submitter desires a male name.

Culture (13-15th C Turkish/Muslim/Arabic) most important.

Meaning (white colt, the shrewd & the Circassian) most important.

This first three elements of this name, Aktay al-Firas ibn Abdallah, are part of an Academy of Saint Gabriel report, #2901. (<http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/2901.txt>)

Aktay - one of several anglicized spellings of a Turkish masculine given name. May derive from Turkish word <aq-tay> meaning "white colt". Dated to 13th century.

al-Firas - is a laqab meaning "the shrewd".

ibn Abdallah - a nasab, meaning "son of the servant of Allah"

References used in this article pertaining to the name were:

[1] Ayalon David, "Names, Titles, and 'nisbas' of the Mamluuks,' inThe Mamluuk Military Society (London: Variorum Reprints, 1979).

Ayalon notes in a footnote that he did not include "nicknames" in his discussion; we assume that refers to laqabs.

[2] Ayalon [1] writes: "In a comparatively small number of cases the name of the Mamluuk's "real" father is known (that is to say, mentioned in the sources). To the overwhelming majority of the Mamluuks a fictitious father was attributed, who was always the same: `Abdallaah. Thus each of these Mamluuks was Ibn `Abdallaah."

[4] J. Sauvaget, "Noms et Surnoms de Mamlouks," Journal Asiatique, No. 238, pp. 31-58, 1950.

[5] Amina Elbendary, "Metamorphoses of a mosque" (WWW: Al-Ahram Weekly Online, 21-27 2000), issue no. 500.

<http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/500/feat1.htm>

[6] "Sultan Zahir Baybars Mosque" (WWW: ArchNet Digital Library, accessed Nov 2004).

<http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=2109>

[7] Jehans de Joinville, "Livre des saintes paroles et des bons faiz nostre roy saint Looys", ch. LXIX (WWW: Antoine Mechelynck, accessed Nov 2004).

<http://users.skynet.be/antoine.mechelynck/chroniq/joinv/JV000.htm>

In this 13th century Old French chronicle, the name of the official appears as <Faraquataye> and <Faracataie>. The editors gloss it <Furas-ad-Din Aq tai>. A modern French translation of the same chronicle translates the name <Faress-Eddin Octay>. De Joinville, Jean, Histoire de Saint Louis, M. Natalis de Wailly, ed. (Paris, 1874), ch. LXIX, section 353 on pp.192-3.

[8] <Firaas> (in its most precise transcription) was a given name [8a] and also appears in the kunya <Abuu al-Firaas>, used by several people in the 8th to 10th centuries [8b, 8c, 8d].

[8a] <Bayharah b. Firaas> is named as someone who knew Muhammad. Another source glosses his name as "son of Firas".

<http://answering-islam.org.uk/Shamoun/antagonizing.htm>

<http://www.islamic-paths.org/Home/English/Muhammad/Book/Millennium_Biography/Chapter_043.htm>

[8b] "Egypt and Syria", The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition, ed. Peter N. Stearns, (2001, Houghton Mifflin Company), AD 945-967 (WWW: bartleby.com, accessed Nov 2004).

<http://www.bartleby.com/67/317.html#c3p00445>

[8c] "Dai Abu Firas is one of the most eminent figures in Syria. His name was Abu Firas Shihabuddin bin al-Qadi Nasr bin al-Jawshan bin al-Hussain al-Daylami al-Maynaqi. His father was a native of Daylam, who migrated to Syria in 859/1455, and settled down in the fortress of Maynaqa. Dai Abu Firas was born at Maynaqa in 872/1468. He acquired his education in Aleppo and served the Syrian community to great extent. He became a chief dai of Syria, and died in 947/1540 at

Maynaqa. He was a prolific writer, and his "Qasidat al-Nasab" deals with the lineage of the Imams. He had a son, called Ibrahim Abu Firas, who died during his lifetime."

<http://www.ismaili.net/histoire/history07/history730.html>

[8d] Tammaam Ibn Ghaalib Abuu Firaas - an Arab poet who died in either 728 or 730. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s.n. Farazdaq, al-

<http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9033727>

[9] Hamid, Azieza, The Book of Muslim Names (London: MELS, 1985), s.n. Firas.

[10] Anahita bint `abd al-Karim, "The Bahri (Turkish) Period - 1250-1390" in "Mamluk Textiles" (WWW: Medieval Middle Eastern Textiles, accessed Dec 2004)

<http://home.earthlink.net/~lilinah/Textiles/mamluk.html>

[11] David Ayalon, "Notes on the Furuusiyya exercises and games in the Mamluk sultanate" in The Mamluuk Military Society (London: Variorum Reprints, 1979).

[13] "Egyptian History in the Bahri Mameluke Period". (WWW: Tour Egypt).

<http://www.touregypt.net/hbahrima.htm>

[14] "Egypt and Syria: 1174-93". The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. ed. Peter N. Stearns. Houghton Mifflin Company. (WWW: The Encyclopedia of World History, 2001).

<http://www.bartleby.com/67/319.html>

[15] Goitien, Solomon D, A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, 3 volumes (Berkeley: University of California Press,1978), vol. 2, p. 506.

al-Jarakisa - a nisba, meaning "of the Circassians". It is found in the article The Circassians in the Mamluk Kingdom by Amjad Jaimoukha. Found in reference to the Sultan Barquq, who led the Mumluks in a coup against the Turks in 1250 (al-Qa'im Bi-Dawlat al-Jarakisa - head of the country of the Circassians). (<http://geocities.com/jaimoukha/circinmamluk.htm>).

Also found in The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3, c.1050-1600, J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, Cambridge University Press, 1975, pg 53, "...Their place was taken more and more by slaves of Caucasian origin, commonly called Circassians (al-Jarakisa)."

It appears in the title of an article on an Arabic manuscript in the John Rylands Library, Qahr al-wuj{u-}h al-`{a-}bisa bi-dhikr nasab al-Jar{a-}kisa min Quraysh. This work is referenced in an article (#12), The Exhalted Lineage of Ri{.d}w{a-}n Bey: Some Observationson Seventeenth-Century Mamluk Genealogy, found in the book "Studies in the History of the Near East", P.M. Holt, Frank Cass & Company Limited, New York, 1973.

Ruby note: This anglicized name is the desire of the client. Originally submitted as Aktay al-Firaas Ibn Abdallah al-Jarakisa, the Gleann Abhann College of Heralds changed the laqab to reflect the anglicized version from the Academy's report. We believe Aqt.aay al-Firaas ibn `Abd Allaah al-Jaraakisa (using the Academy's transliteration system) to be the fully Arabic name.

This was item 1 on the Gleann Abhann letter of July 22, 2008.

- Explicit -