THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Æsileif Úlfrúnardóttir. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Æthelmearc, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Golden Thorn.

Boi Quickfoot. Name (see RETURNS for device).

There was some question whether Boi was a period spelling of the name. Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Boy dates Aluuinus Boi to 1066, deriving the byname from the personal names Boio or Boia, showing that Boi is patronymic in origin. In this citation, Boi is not obviously Latinized or in the genitive case, and so can be interpreted as an unmarked patronymic, making the spelling Boi suitable for use as a given name.

Caitilín Stedefast. Name and device. Purpure, a triskelion of unicorn's heads argent, a bordure argent mullety of six points purpure.

This name combines Gaelic and English, which is a step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a wholly English name, we recommend Kateline Stedefast. Kateline is dated to 1273 in Withycombe, Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, s.n. Katharine.

El{z.}bieta Traidenyt{e.}. Name.

The letters {z.} and {e.} are Da'ud notation for z-kropka and e with a dot over it, as defined on the November 2004 LoAR and the February 2009 LoAR, respectively.

Folan Wayfarer. Name (see RETURNS for badge).

Submitted as Phelan the Wayfarer, the given name was documented as an anglicized form of Faolán. However, no evidence was provided that Faolán was anglicized as Phelan in our period; documented Anglicized Irish forms of Faolán are ffolan and ffoulin, in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormand". (In these names, the double lower-case ff is a typographical convention for representing capital F.) Lacking evidence that Phelan is a period anglicized form, it is not registerable. Of the two anglicized forms in Tangwystyl's article, Folan is closer to the originally submitted name, so we have changed the given name to this form.

We have also dropped the article from the byname, since none of the documented examples of the byname used the definite article the.

This name combines Anglicized Irish and English, which is a step from period practice.

Gaius Sergius Vettius. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Gaius Sergius Vetus, the name was originally submitted as Gaius Sergius Vettius and changed in kingdom because no evidence could be found for the nomen Vettius being used as a cognomen. Additionally, the submitter requested authenticity for classical Roman.

Loyall provides information about Vettius, the use of nomina as cognomina, and the use of two nomina without a cognomen:

Lindley Richard Dean, A study of the cognomina of soldiers in the Roman legions (Princeton University, 1916; http://books.google.com/books?id=MF0KAAAAIAAJ ) lists <Vettius> as a nomen used by Roman soldiers as a cognomen on p. 88. He states that the use of nomina as cognomina is rare until after the first century A.D.

In Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature in the Roman Empire (Helsinki: Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, 1992), Ollie Salomies notes that the construction <praenomen> + <nomen> + <nomen> is rarely used to indicate adoption. In the Republic, <praenomen> + <nomen> + <cognomen> + <cognomen in -ianus from original nomen> and <praenomen> + <nomen> + <cognomen in -ianus from original nomen> were most common; while double nomina indicating adoption are quite frequent under the Empire, most men used at least one cognomen as well.

Salomies does mention two men who used <praenomen> + <nomen> + <nomen> on p. 12: <C. Annius Bellienus> and <C. Aelius Staienus>l (both found in Cicero). On p. 84, he adds an Imperial example of <praenomen> + <nomen> + <nomen> (together with filiation), <A. Plautius M.f. Urgulanius>; in this case, the second nomen is the family name of the man's paternal grandmother.

On the basis of this information, the originally submitted form of the name, following the rare but documented pattern <praenomen> + <nomen> + <nomen>, is both registerable and authentic for the classical Roman era, so we have restored the name to the originally submitted form.

Hrafna-Erlendr inn rauði. Name and device. Per pale indented argent and gules, a raven maintaining a tankard counterchanged.

Isabella of Sylvan Glen. Name and device. Or, in saltire a rapier inverted sable and a rose gules slipped and leaved vert, a bordure purpure.

Sylvan Glen is the registered name of an SCA branch.

The rapier was blazoned as gules on the LoI. Sufficient commenters noted that it is actually sable that this need not be pended for further conflict checking.

Jacques of Sylvan Glen. Name and device. Azure, two chevronels between in chief three estoiles one and two and in base an estoile Or.

Sylvan Glen is the registered name of an SCA branch.

This device is clear of the device of Meraud de Dun Carraig, Vert, two chevronels between three compass stars and an angel facing sinister drawing a bow Or.. There is a CD for the change of tincture of the field and a CD for changing the type of all the secondary charges, since:

... estoiles are one CD from compass stars. [Letia Thistelthueyt, 12/01, A-Atlantia]

Please advise the submitter that the two lower estoiles above the chevronels should be drawn closer to the edge of the field and lower.

Leiðólfr grímr. Device. Argent, a wolf rampant sable and in chief three bones palewise gules.

Marcus Claudius Cincinnatus. Name and device. Vert, a lotus blossom in profile within a bordure Or.

This does not conflict with the device of Charles Aythen, Vert, a rose slipped and leaved a bordure Or, as there is a substantial (X.2) difference between a rose and a lotus blossom.

Padraig of Thescorre. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, a lightning bolt bendwise argent between two apples slipped and leaved Or.

This device is not in conflict with the device of Stephen von Behrend, Azure, a lightning flash bendwise argent between in pale a mullet of eight points and a dagger inverted Or, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. There is a CD for the change of type of secondary charges and a CD for the change of field.

Blazoned on the LoI as quinces, the fruits in the submission are indistinguishable from apples, especially apples as they appear in period heraldry. Actual quinces are typically more pear-shaped, so we have blazoned the fruits in the submission as apples.

The use of a lightning bolt is a step from period practice.

Submitted under the name Padraig Ua Céileachair.

Raven Whitehart. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Sampson Feldman. Name and device. Per chevron throughout argent and sable, two mallets inverted sable and a lion's head cabossed Or.

Nice 14th C English name!

This device is clear of the device of Thóra Úlfsdóttir, Per chevron argent and sable, two hammers sable and a sun in splendor Or. There is a CD for inverting the mallets and a CD for changing the type of the basemost charge of a two-and-one arrangement alone on the field.

Suzanne Angelique Moscherosch. Name (see RETURNS for device).

This name combines French and German, which is a step from period practice.

ANSTEORRA

Bernhart von Bruck. Device change. Gules semy-de-lys Or, on a chief argent three crosses patonce gules.

Nice armory!

His old device, Per pale gules and Or, a Thor's hammer within a bordure counterchanged, is retained as a badge.

Losira la Papillon. Reblazon of device. Azure, in bend sinister three butterflies bendwise sinister alternating with four piles bendwise inverted in point, their tips surmounted by a demi-roundel issuant from dexter chief, all Or.

Blazoned when registered in November of 1980, as Azure, issuant from canton a demi-rising sun and in bend sinister between the four rays three papillons displayed Or, we have reblazoned due to complaints that the original blazon was confusing. We have clarified the blazon as much as possible.

AN TIR

Aelianora de Wintringham. Name and device. Per chevron gules and sable, a chevron rompu between two pairs of scissors inverted argent and a needle inverted argent threaded gules.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the scissors with symmetrical handles. While Siren provided documentation for hinged scissors with round finger holes in period, none of the images had dissimilar pieces.

Ælwynn Ælfredes dohter. Name.

Submitted as Ælwynn Ælfredesdohter, while the LoI documented both Ælwynn and Ælfred, no documentation was provided for the construction Ælfredesdohter. Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 19 dates Sired Ælfredes sunu to 973x987, which gives the genitive form of the byname. While the standard Old English word for 'daughter' is dohtor (for example in the phrase Willelmes dohtor in annal 1075 of the Peterborough Chronicle), the spelling dohter can also be found (for example in an Old English translation of Psalm 136). We have changed the name to Ælwynn Ælfredes_dohter in order to register it.

Aine Ruadh. Name and device. Or, a hare sejant to sinister and a chief potenty gules.

Alan ap Neel. Name and device. Argent semy of quavers sable, a dragon's head couped gules.

Submitted as Alan ap Neal, Neal was documented as a header spelling in Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. No evidence was provided, and none could be found by the commenters, that Neal is a period English spelling of the given name. The closest English form that was found is Neel, dated to 1208-10 in Reaney & Wilson's entry. We have changed the name to Alan ap Neel in order to register it.

This is clear of the badge of Godwin Alfricson, (Fieldless) A dragon's head erased gules maintaining in its mouth a blacksmith's hammer reversed Or. There is a CD for the difference between fieldless and fielded armory, and another CD for the addition of the semy of musical notes.

Please instruct the submitter to draw fewer and larger musical notes.

Algar MacBlane. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Algar Mac_Blane, the name was originally submitted as Algar M'Blane, and changed in kingdom to expand the scribal abbreviation M'. However, the correct expansion of M'Blane is MacBlane, without the space. We have made this correction in order to register the name.

Anna van der Meere. Name and device. Argent, a sea-horse sable and a chief gules.

Brendan ap Llewelyn. Name and device. Azure, in bend two towers Or.

The LoI documented Brendan from Ó Corráin and Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Brénainn, which says:

The name was latinised Brandanus, Brendanus. The English form Brendan and the current Irish form Breandán are based on the Latin.

This provides support for Brendan as a modern anglicized form, but does not demonstrate that this form was used in our period; many retro-formations from Latin post-date our period. In this case, alternative documentation for Brendan was provided. Edmund Campion, A Historie of Ireland, written c.1571, says on p. 44:

Brendan Abbot at the age of ten yeares, was of such incomparable holinesse, and thereto so wise and lettered, that his parents thinking themselves to have wonne the most notable fruite, that could ensue their marriage, by mutuall consent professed continencie. He flourished in the time of S. Bride, lived familiarly with Ercus the Bishop, and Finan the Abbot.

This shows that the saint was known as Brendan in Anglicized Irish contexts in the 16th C, and thus Brendan is registerable under the saint's name allowance.

This name combines Anglicized Irish and Welsh, which is a step from period practice.

Nice armory.

Brynný Loðinsdóttir of Axewater. Name.

This name combines Old Norse and Middle English, which is a step from period practice.

Catherine of the Rowan Tree. Name.

Cyriac the Hunter. Name.

Dominik Magnussen. Name and device. Azure, on a chevron Or between two eagles rising respectant and a griffin rampant argent three anchors gules.

This name combines German and Norwegian or Danish, either of which is a step from period practice.

Drífa in rauða. Name and device. Per pale azure and purpure, an annulet fracted to sinister base Or and overall a spear bendwise inverted argent.

Listed on the LoI as Drífa inn rauða, the name was originally submitted as Drífa in Rauða and changed to match the supporting documentation. However, the grammar in the originally submitted byname was correct; in a feminine Old Norse byname, the appropriate definite article is in, not inn. We have corrected the spelling of the article in order to register the name.

This device is clear of the badge of Brendan Mad, Vert, a round buckle Or. Even under the strictest assumption, interpreting the spear and annulet as a single charge group, there is a CD for the changes to the field and a CD for the change of tincture of half the group. Commenters had asked if the fracted annulet and spear was considered to be equivalent to a penannular brooch. Since the two pieces of armory are clear, we decline to rule on that question at this time.

Dýrfinna Wanderer. Name and device. Azure, a cat couchant Or between three dragonflies argent.

Submitted as Dýrfinna the Wanderer, the byname the Wanderer was documented on the LoI as follows:

"The Wanderer is intended to be a translation of a byname like farmaðr (sea-farer) or farserkr (travel-shirt) or Engladsfari [sic] - Englad [sic] traveler - narfari `swift traveller'.

However, none of these bynames are accurately translated as "the wanderer". In order to invoke the lingua anglica allowance, an accurate translation must be used. The January 2009 Cover Letter says that acceptable instances of the lingua anglica allowance include:

- An accurate modern English translation of a documented, non-English, simple, descriptive byname (CL 01/1993).

The byname Wanderer without the definite article is found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497". Lind, Norsk-isländska dopnamn ock fingerade namn från medeltiden, s.n. Dýrfinna dates Dyrfinna or Dyrfinnu to 1483, 1487, and 1489, showing that forms of this name were used at the same time as Wanderer. We have changed the name to Dýrfinna_Wanderer in order to register it; this combines Old Norse or Norwegian and German, which is a step from period practice.

Eleanor Fairchild. Badge. Purpure, an ermine's head erased argent and a bordure argent semy of golpes.

Esteban Ferreiro. Name and device. Sable, six swords in annulo points to center and in base a crescent argent.

The only documentation provided on the LoI for the spelling Ferreiro was an assertion that this is a Portuguese word meaning 'blacksmith'. However, no documentation was provided to back up this assertion. Period forms of the byname can be found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Portuguese Names from Lisbon, 1565", which has Fereyra (18 times), Ferrayre (7 times), and Ferrayra (once). Siren notes that a 16th C Portuguese versified play contains the spelling ferreiro for the word 'blacksmith'. In one verse of the play "Triunfo do Inverno", a character is described as "aquel maestro herrero" 'that master blacksmith' (p. 103) and in another "hum ferreiro pelado" 'that naked blacksmith." This shows that the submitted spelling was in use by the end of our period, so it's reasonable assume that it's a plausible variant spelling of the byname.

The submitter noted that he cared most about 16th C Portuguese language/culture. Please inform him that Esteban is a Spanish form of the name; the standard 16th C Portuguese spelling is Estevão. Both Estevão and the less common spelling Esteve can be found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Portuguese Names from Lisbon, 1565". A typically earlier spelling Estavam, and its 16th C form, Estevã, can be found in Juliana de Luna, "Portuguese Names from the 16th Century".

This device is not in visual conflict with the badge of Clovia Lumi, Sable, a snowflake argent. Clovia's snowflake is unmistakably different from swords, and the addition of the crescent removes all doubt.

Fin Ricke Vikingsson. Name and device. Sable, a dragon's head erased between three Thor's hammers, a bordure Or.

This name combines Middle English and Old Norse, which is a step from period practice. If the submitter is interested in a wholly Old Norse name, we can recommend Finnrekr Vikingsson. Finnrekr is a constructed Old Norse name based on Finnbogi, Finnvarðr, Finngeirr, Alrekr, Hárekr, and Þóðrekr, found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Viking Names found in Landnámabók".

Please instruct the submitter to use deeper, more pronounced erasing.

Gareth Haydon. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Nice name!

Georgette de Montmorency. Name.

Gwenlliana Clutterbooke. Badge. (Fieldless) A turtle gules.

Nice badge!

Hua Meilan. Name.

Jacopo Battista de Luca. Name and badge. Argent, in pall a crescent between a crescent bendwise sinister, a crescent bendwise, and a goutte inverted sable.

Kaeso Petronius Gallus. Device. Per pale sable and gules, a goutte d'eau.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the badge of Brocc of Alderden, (Fieldless) A goutte d'eau.

Kirk Einarsson. Name and device. Quarterly gules and azure, a cross ermine.

Kirk is the submitter's legal given name.

Submitted as having five ermine spots as tertiary charges on the cross, this is similar to period depictions of ermine crosses and we have blazoned it as such.

Kseniia Smol'nianina. Name.

Laurence of Damascus. Device. Per pale gules and argent, an escallop counterchanged.

Nice armory!

Leonidas Balsamon. Name and device. Per pale azure and Or, two lions combatant and a base counterchanged.

Marius Parthus. Name and device. Sable, a lightning bolt and overall an annulus of triangles in annulo argent.

We note that some of the triangles do surmount the lightning bolt.

The use of a triangle is not a step from period practice. Triangles as charges appear several times in Stemmario Trivulziano, a 15th century Italian roll of Arms, as was mentioned in the January 2008 registration of the device of Colene of Black Diamond.

The use of a lightning bolt is a step from period practice.

Matillis atte Hethe. Device. Bendy argent and purpure, a tower azure atop a mount vert.

Oswulf Silverloc. Name.

This name combines Old English and Middle English, which is a step from period practice. Since Oswulf can be dated to c. 950-970, and Silverloc is dated to 1268, there is not a second step from period practice for temporal disparity.

Rachel Roz. Name.

Submitted as Rachel Ros, the submitter preferred the spelling Roz if it could be documented. The surname Roz is dated to 1577 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "14th-16th C Names from Valais, Switzerland". We have changed the name to Rachel Roz to meet the submitter's request. While Rachel was documented as an English name on the LoI, it can also be found in French contexts (v. Cateline de la Mor, "Sixteenth Century Norman Names"), which removes any possible linguistic incompatibility.

Richenda du Jardin. Name change from Richenda de Jardin.

Her previous name, Richenda de Jardin, is released.

Richenda du Jardin and Juliana de Luna. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). (Fieldless) A furison inverted argent.

Nice badge!

Roric Mareschal. Name and device. Or, a chevron embattled between two fleurs-de-lis and a dragon sable.

The LoI provided the following documentation for the byname:

Mareschal - R&W (sn Marshall) date Goisridus Mareschal 1084 and Mascherell to 1130 - this seems a reasonable interpolation.

This is not an accurate summary of the documentation; the first citation is Goisfridus Marescal 1084. While this entry does not provide any dated example of Mareschal, this spelling is documentable elsewhere. George William Kitchin, Compotus rolls of the obedientiaries of St. Swithun's Priory, Winchester, p. 408 dates Walter[us] le Mareschal to 1352.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the chevron thicker.

Rose Atherton. Name.

Saraswati Amman. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Hindu/India. We have not found any example of Saraswati being used in the 16th century, so we cannot confirm that the name is authentic for the submitter's desired time period.

Trahaearn ap Gruffudd. Device. Or, a sea-dragon gules, a base embattled azure.

Tristram le fiz Owein. Name.

Trotula da Ravenna. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Trotula da Rauvenna, the name was originally submitted as Trotula da Ravenna and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation for the city's name. Siren notes that "The placename appears in the 1321 Divine Comedy in the modern spelling (Inferno 27.40, Paradiso 6.61), according to the Dartmouth Dante Project (http://dante.dartmouth.edu/)", showing that Ravenna is a period spelling. We have restored the name to the originally submitted form.

William of Kyntore. Name and device. Or, on a cross rayonny azure a hawk's head erased Or.

Wyn the Waywarde. Name and device. Sable, three piles issuant from sinister chief vert fimbriated argent.

Ymanya Blackeye. Name.

Nice 13th C English name!

ARTEMISIA

Caelainn inghean Aoidh. Name and device. Azure, in pale three open books Or between flaunches Or ermined azure.

Some commenters questioned whether the byname was correctly formed, or whether it should be inghean Aodha. Both Aoidh and Aodha are late-period genitive forms of Aodh. Woulfe, Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. Mac Aoidh notes this as a variant of Mac Aodha (which is also a header), and gives M'Ee and M'Eye as late-period anglicized forms, showing that the Aoidh forms were in use at the end of our period.

This name combines Middle and Early Modern Irish, which is a step from period practice.

Marten Claessen van Ruyssevelt. Device. Argent, a rod of Aesculapius proper, on a chief azure, a rapier fesswise argent.

We are defining a proper rod of Aesculapius as having a brown wood staff and a vert serpent.

We remind the College that the restriction of the rod of Aesculapius (a staff entwined of a snake) to those with modern medical credentials was lifted on the Cover Letter to the October 1995 LoAR.

ATENVELDT

Æsa Hauksdóttir. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Æsa {o,}ngull. Name and device. Per pale argent and gules, a melusine and in chief three escallops inverted counterchanged.

Listed on the LoI as Æsa {O,}ngull, both the forms and the documentation gave the byname as {o,}ngull. We have made this correction.

Blazoned on the LI as Per pale gules and argent, enough commenters noticed the issue with the tinctures, thanks to the color emblazon in OSCAR, that this device can be registered without pending it for further conflict checking.

Ailis inghean ui Mhathghamhna. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and azure, a beehive and three butterflies Or.

Submitted as Ailis O'Mathghamhain, the byname had three problems. First, it combined English O' with Gaelic Mathghamhain in the same phrase, in violation of RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency. Second, it used a masculine form of the byname with a feminine given name. In Gaelic, patronymic and clan bynames are used literally, and so they must agree with the gender of the given name. Third, when used in a clan byname, Mathghamhain needs to be in the genitive case. We have changed the name to Ailis inghean ui Mhathghamhna to address all of these problems.

Ailis inghean Ui Nuallain. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Ailis inghean Ui O'Nuallain, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish Gaelic. The byname inghean Ui O'Nuallain is not correct, for a number of reasons. First, it mixes Irish and English elements in the same phrase, which violates RfS III.1.a. Second, it combines feminine and masculine elements; since clan bynames were used literally in Gaelic, each byname needs to be wholly in one gender and that gender needs to match the gender of the given name. Both issues can be corrected by dropping O'. We have changed the name to Ailis inghean Ui_Nuallain in order to register it and to meet her request for authenticity.

Ainder ingen Demmáin. Device. Per fess sable and azure, a recorder bendwise sinister Or and three crescents argent.

Akita Sakiko. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, in chief two domestic cats sejant respectant counterchanged.

Submitted as Akita Saki_, Saki was documented on the LoI from the section of Solveig Throndardottir, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, on "Feminine Root Names in Use Since Antiquity", p. 47. The elements listed in this section are not names in and of themselves, but are roots to which suffixes or prefixes are added to create a name. What prefix or suffix should be added depends on the time period. In the pre-Nara (710-794) to early Heian (794-1184) era, a feminine nanori would be formed by adding -me or -hime to the root element (e.g., Sakime or Sakihime). In the late Heian to middle Kamakura (1184-1333) era, feminine nanori were formed by adding -ko to the root element (e.g., Sakiko). Additionally, a root element could be turned into a feminine given name by prefixing it with O- (e.g., Osaki). It was the consensus of Pelican's staff that the change from Saki to Sakiko is a minor change, which the submitter allows, so we have changed the name to Akita Sakiko in order to register it.

Alexander Sparhauk. Name and device. Sable, in pall four triskeles argent.

Alexsander Dachs. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Alexsander der Dachs, no documentation was provided for the addition of the definite article. We have dropped it to register the name as Alexsander_Dachs.

This name combines Low and High German, which is a step from period practice.

Alianora Sweetlove. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Anders the Fox. Name and device. Gules ermined argent, a fox courant argent winged Or.

This name combines German and English, which is a step from period practice.

This device is clear of the device of Moonwulf Starkaaderson of Rivenstar, Azure, a winged wolf courant, wings addorsed argent. There is a CD for the change of tincture of the field and a CD for the change in tincture of the wings.

Anselm Bacheler. Name and device. Per chevron azure and sable, two serpents erect, tails nowed and a halberd Or.

The submitter noted that he cared most about French language/culture. Please inform him that Anselm is not a French form of the name. French forms of the name include Ancel, Anciaus, Ansel, Ansell, Ansiaus, and Anssiell. All of these forms can be found dated within our period in Morlet, Étude d'Anthroponymie Picarde.

Cain the Black. Name and device. Gyronny arrondi argent and gules, a monk's habit sable.

Cain is the submitter's legal given name.

Blazoned on the LoI as Gyronny arrondi argent and sable, enough commenters noticed the issue with the tinctures, thanks to the color emblazon in OSCAR, that this can be registered without pending it for further conflict checking.

Cassandra Attewoode. Device. Azure, a rose within a chaplet of thorns per pale Or and argent.

Chadwick Mangold. Name and device. Vert, a fess embattled argent masoned sable between six mullets five and one argent.

Submitted as Chadwick von Mangold, the LoI documented von Mangold as follows:

von Mangold is German for "of Mangold," found in Seibicke, Historishes Deutsches Vornamenbuch, Vol. 3 p. 175; Mangoldus is dated 1212. Seibicke also mentions a von Mangold p. 173 s.n. Maneke.

The entry s.n. Maneke actually reads "Mancke. m. KF von Mangold", i.e., it says that Mancke is a masculine name which is a short-form of Mangold. The other cited examples of Mangold also show that it is a given name, and not a place name, so the use of von is not appropriate. We have dropped von to register the name as Chadwick_Mangold, where Mangold is an unmarked patronymic byname.

Chadwick is the submitter's legal given name. While it is a place-name in origin, its use as a given name is not obtrusively modern because we have examples of surnames, including ones based on place names, used as given names in late-period England. Noir Licorne comments:

Withycombe, p. xii, lists Warham St. Leger (1525-97); Warham originated as a locative according to R&W (s.n. Wareham, p. 476). Withycombe, p. xii, also notes Lord Guildford Dudley (1536-1554); according to R&W (s.n. Guilford, p. 208) Guildford also originated as a locative. The same page contains other examples of locative-derived surnames being used as given names. Concerning the use of surnames as Christian names, Withycombe (xii) writes "The fashion became fairly general among the landed Gentry in Elizabeth's reign". That's certainly within period as her reign ended in 1603.

Other examples of surnames used as given names include Artlington, Ashton, Kelham, Kellam, Kerry, Stocker, Smalege, and Nevell in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Dictionary of Tudor London Names, and Arcye 1573, Atkinson 1583, Bainbridge 1550, Lambwell 1584, Musgrave 1616, and Richardson 1588 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "English Given Names from 16th and Early 17th C Marriage Records".

Christiana of Shaftesbury. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or, a horse passant counterchanged.

Nice armory!

Conmáel of Twin Moons. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, two angles palewise braced and on a chief argent three ravens sable.

Submitted under the name Conmáel Fiach.

David Ckarel. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The submitter requested authenticity for German. This is a fine 15th C German name.

Desiderata of the Osprey. Device. Per fess azure mullety of seven points argent and vert, a fess sable fimbriated argent.

This device is clear of the flag of Uzbekistan, blazoned as Per fess bleu-celeste and vert, a fess argent fimbriated gules, in chief 12 mullets 3, 4, and 5, and in dexter chief a decrescent argent. There is a CD for the change of tincture of the fess and another for the changed position of the secondaries. Uzbekistan's mullets are all on the left side of the azure part of the field, not centered, and are arranged in a staircase grid. While this non-heraldic arrangement is not blazonable, it is still worth a difference from semy mullets, which cover the entire azure portion of Desiderata's field.

Diamanda Richardes. Name and device. Vert, a wolf's head cabossed and in base three annulets interlaced in fess Or.

Submitted as Diamant Richardes, the given name Diamant was documented from Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names from A Dictionary of English Surnames". However, the name which is dated there is Diamanda, dated to 1221 and 1349, from Reaney & Wilson s.n. Diamant, where they say "[The surname] Diamant and Diamond may occasionally derive from Diamanda 1221...one of the fanciful names given to women in the Middle Ages". We have changed the name to Diamanda Richardes to match the available documentation.

Please instruct the submitter to provide more separation between the head and the annulets, so that the annulets are clearly secondaries and not maintained charges.

Elizabet Alfinnsdottir. Household name House of Rigge Rest (see RETURNS for badge).

Submitted as House of Rigg's Rest, no documentation was provided that the pattern <surname>'s + rest is consistent with patterns of period English household names. Precedent from April 2002 says:

No documentation was presented and none was found that Rest is a plausible toponymic element in a period English placename. The LoI stated that "[a] rest is a stopping place, or a lodging place, as for travelers or pilgrims, according to the Compact Oxford English Dictionary". Ferrule noted that the COED (p. 544) dates this use of rest to 1225. However, evidence that a word existed in English in period is not documentation that it is a plausible element in an English placename. As no member of the College could find any evidence that Rest was used as a toponymic in an English placename, it is not registerable in that use. [Hawk's Rest, Shire of, Atenveldt-R]

However, it is possible to construct a place name which is similar to the submitted form. There is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1227 (Watts, A Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, s.n. Chilton Foliat), Norton Malreward 1238 (Watts, s.n. Norton), and Saundford Curtenay 1262 (Watts, s.n. Sampford). The surname Rigg is toponymic in origin (referring to a ridge). This element is also used in proper place names; there are three English cities, in Dorset, Hertfordshire, and Wiltshire, named Ridge. Watts, Cambridge Dictionary of English-Place Names, s.n. Ridge dates la Rigge to 1248-1487 and Rigge to 1195. For the other element, Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Rest dates the patronymic byname Rest to 1447. Thus, Rigge Rest 'Rigge held by the Rest family' is a plausible English place name, acceptable for use as part of a household name. We've changed the name to House of Rigge Rest in order to register it.

Eoin the Steward. Name.

This name combines Gaelic and English in the same name, which is one step from period practice.

Finn Mac Duibhdara. Name.

Submitted as Finn Mac Dubhdara, the patronym was not put into the genitive case correctly. We have changed the name to Finn Mac Duibhdara to fix the grammar of the byname so that we may register it.

This name combines Middle and Early Modern Irish, which is a step from period practice. A wholly Middle Irish form would be Finn mac Duib Dara, and a wholly Early Modern Irish form would be Fionn Mac Duibhdara.

Genevieve Elphinstone. Name.

Submitted as Geneviève Elphinstone, the accent is a modern editorial addition. We have removed it to correct the name to a period form.

As documented, the name combined French and Scots, which is a step from period practice. However, Genevieve also occurs in English contexts as the name of the French saint; it appears in this spelling in Caxton's 1483 edition of The Golden Legend. As the English form of the name of a saint which was known at the time Elphinstone was in use, it can be combined with this byname without a step from period practice through the saint's name allowance.

Giuliana Francesca Bellini. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Gregory of Sherwood. Device. Per fess azure and vert, a single-arched bridge throughout argent masoned sable between three mullets of four points elongated to base and a goblet Or.

Helena de Argentoune. Alternate name Helena Handbasket.

Honour Grenehart. Alternate name Umm Sitt al-Jami' `Ismat.

Submitted as Umm Sit al-Jami' Ismat al-Mua'llima, both the forms and the documentation spelled the second element Sitt. We have made this correction.

The byname al-Mua'llima is a typo for al-Mu'allima. The byname al-Mu'allima has previously been ruled unregisterable because of presumptuousness:

Mu'allimah, which the submitter intended to mean 'teacher', is listed in the form Mu'allima (an alternate transliteration) as an Arabic form of Mistress in "The List of Alternate Titles as approved by the College of Arms" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/titles.html). al-Jamal explains:

Mu'allima is a restricted title, the feminine Arabic equivalent of mistress. (That it also has the connotation of "teacher" was a bonus to those of us who researched the Arabic alternate titles list.)

Therefore, Mu'allimah (like Mistress) is a restricted title and may not be registered as part of an SCA name. [Mu'Alimah Ramia Jameela Ghafoor, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt]

The LoI documented the given name Ismat from Ahmed, A Dictionary of Muslim Names. It was ruled in July 2008 that this source is no longer acceptable as the sole source of documentation for Arabic names:

This is returned for lack of documentation of Ni'ma as a feminine name in our period. The LoI cited Salahuddin Ahmed, Dictionary of Muslim Names, for Ni'ma. This book is essentially a baby-name book; it contains almost no dates and many names which were invented after our period. It is not acceptable as the sole source of documentation for a name element. [Ni'ma al-'Aliyya, Atenveldt-R]

Additionally, no photocopies of this source were provided, despite the fact that it is not listed on Appendix H of the Administrative Handbook. Siren provides information about Ismat:

<`I{s.}mat> is a modern name meaning 'chastity, sinlessness' according to Schimmel (p. 3). It was used in period as part of honorific names, which are considered presumptuous: one woman called <`I{s.}mat al-Din> was married to Saladin, while another was a Mamluk sultana more commonly identified as <Shajar al-Durr> (her harem name). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismat_ad-Din_Khatun and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr). It's the sort of name that could be justified as the name of a slave woman; slaves were often given names that were transparent words, sometimes referring to a desirable trait (see examples in my "Arabic Names from al-Andalus"). So this should be registerable as <Umm Sitt al-Jami Ismat> or as <Umm Sitt al-Jami' `Ismat>. But either both the hamza and ayn should be written or neither should.

We have changed the name to Umm Sitt al-Jami' `Ismat_ in order to register it.

Iuliana inghean Phadraig. Device. Per pale sable and vert, three unicorns rampant one and two argent.

Jaida al-Zanjaniyya. Name.

Submitted as Jaida al-Zanjan, the phrase al-Zanjan was intended to mean 'from Zanjan'. The correct feminine byname meaning 'from Zanjan' is al-Zanjaniyya. We have corrected the name to Jaida al-Zanjaniyya in order to register it.

James Macgregor. Name and device. Counterermine, a saltire gules fimbriated surmounted by a lion rampant maintaining in both forepaws a flanged mace argent.

The question was raised whether this name was presumptuous of the registered name, Jacob Seumas MacGregor, with the submitted name appearing to be a claim to be the father of Jacob (Seumas is the Gaelic form of James). However, the name Jacob Seumas MacGregor could only be interpreted as "Jacob, the son of Seumas (or James) MacGregor" if there is evidence for Scots names using both unmarked and marked patronymics together in this fashion. No such evidence was provided. Lacking evidence that the name Jacob Seumas MacGregor indicates that Jacob's father is Seumas MacGregor, the submitted name James Macgregor is not presumptuous of Jacob's name.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the lion larger, to better fill the entire field.

Joscelin de Lyons. Device change. Per pall inverted purpure, Or ermined gules, and sable, two lions addorsed Or and purpure and a joscelyn wreathed Or and gules, belled argent.

Her old device, Purpure, a lion passant and on a base potenty Or a joscelyn gules belled purpure, is retained as a badge.

Juliana Red MacLachlan. Name change from holding name Juliana of Carreg Wen.

Submitted as Juliana Ruadh MacLachlan, this name combines Latinized English or Latinized Scots, Gaelic, and Scots. The combination of English and Gaelic is one step from period practice, and the combination of Scots and Gaelic is also a step from period practice, which means that the submitted form is not registerable. The easiest way to fix the problem is to change the language of the element Ruadh to either Scots or English (we cannot drop the element, since that would bring the name in conflict with Juliana nic Lachlainn). Ruadh means 'red' in Gaelic. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, s.n. Reid dates Red to 1317. We have changed the name to Juliana Red MacLachlan in order to register it.

Laura O'Nolloghaine. Name.

This name combines English and Anglicized Irish, which is a step from period practice.

Maeloc ap Morgant. Name and device. Per bend azure and sable, a wolf rampant and in sinister chief a triskele argent.

The given name Maeloc was documented as the modern form of the name of a 6th C Welsh bishop. Modern forms of early Welsh names are not generally registerable:

Submitted as Davin ap Gwaednerth ap Einion, the documentation supplied for Gwaednerth was Gruffudd, Enwau i'r Cymry/Welsh Personal Names, who notes a Welsh prince by this name from 600. However, Gruffudd uses standard modern forms for his entries. Lacking evidence either that Gwaednerth is an appropriate 7th century form of the name or that the name remained in use until the end of our period, when the modern form is plausible, it is not registerable. As the submitter allows all changes, we have dropped the problematic element to register the name as Davin_ap Einion. [LoAR 07/2008, Atenveldt-A]

Pelican Emeritus found examples of Maeloc used in our period:

Heraldry and the heralds by Rodney Dennys, p 70, notes an (almost certainly somewhat modernized) "Maeloc Crwm of Caernavonshire" and says "He lived in the twelfth century". I think this same fellow also appears in Cylchgrawn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru: The National Library of ..., Volume 13 by National Library of Wales, p 116 as "Maeloc crwm ap Kwnws dv ap Killin". And, I think I've found Dennis's source: Report on manuscripts in the Welsh language, Volume 1, Part 2, p 867-9 reports on MS 138 = Hen. MS. 111. Preigrees...circa 1562, in which appears "Maeloc krwm" The snippet view claims (but won't show me where) the name Maeloc appears on p 158 of Morgan and Morgan, referring to a certain "Ralph Maeloc", who I've found (undated, but in something looking like late period English) as "Raff Maeloc". (The same report lists this name in Hen. 169, Pedigrees, chiefly of South Wales families, compiled and mostly written before the close of 1550, "Syr Raff Maeloc" appears on p 844.) A little further afield, Transactions of the Philological Society, by Philological Society (Great Britain), for 1887-7, p 540-1, in an article titled "The Breton Glosses at Orleans" notes a "Book of Maeloc" in Paris MS. Lat. No. 3182, which may be attributed to the 11th C.

On the basis of these examples, the name is registerable as submitted.

Marceau de Valcourt. Badge (see RETURNS for other badge). Or, a bordure purpure semy-de-lys bases to center Or.

Some commenters suggested that this submission has an equally valid blazon of Purpure, a delf within an orle of fleurs-de-lys bases to center Or, but this is not the case: we do not penalize submitters for the shape of our forms. Drawn on a different-shaped form, the field would not appear to be a delf.

Nice armory!

Maria Bernardina de Silva. Name and device. Argent, a raven rising to sinister sable and in sinister chief a dragonfly bendwise sinister inverted vert.

Submitted as Maria Bernardina DeSilva, no documentation was provided for capitalizing the preposition or for removing the space between de and the place name. We have changed the name to Maria Bernardina de_Silva to match the documented form of the byname.

Michel von Kiel. Name and device. Sable, a double-bitted ax between a pair of stag's attires, in chief three crosses formy argent.

Mikael Thorsson inn irski. Name.

Submitted as Mikael Thorson inn irski, the correct patronymic byname based on Thorr or Thor is Thorsson. We have made this correction in order to register the name.

Commenters questioned whether the descriptive byname should come before the patronym. In registering Þorgautr Sveinsson inn upplenzki, Pelican commented:

We note that this name means "Þorgautr, son of Sveinn from upplenzki." If he wants a name meaning "Þorgautr from upplenzki, son of Sveinn", then the name order would be Þorgautr inn upplenzki Sveinsson. [LoAR 01/2005, Outlands-A]

Similarly, the submitted name means "Mikael, son of Thor(r) the Irish"; if he wants a name meaning "Mikael the Irish, son of Thor(r)", then the correct form is Mikael inn irski Thorsson.

Morgan Donner. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Naila al-`Aliyya. Name change from holding name Sabrina of Granite Mountain.

Nakada Tadamitsu. Device. Argent, a billet gules masoned argent and a sinister gore sable.

This device is clear of the device of John of Manchester, Argent, a tower gules and in base a pheon inverted sable. There is a CD for the change of type of primary charge, from tower to billet. There is another CD for the change in type of secondary charge, from pheon to gore. There is a third CD for the change of tincture of the billet: since a billet is not considered stonework, adding the masoning is a change of tincture.

Neot Fisk. Name and device. Azure, a horse courant and in canton a crescent argent.

The given name Neot was documented as a modern form of the name of a saint who died in 870. The medieval form Niot is recorded in Asser's Vita Alfredi, written in 893. The saint gave rise to the name of a town in Cambridgeshire, whose name was spelled S' Neod in 1132 and S. Neoti in 1203, according to Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, s.n. St. Neot. These spellings together support Neot as an extrapolated Middle English form of the saint's name. Furthermore, the existence of the place name shows that Saint Neot continued to be known and venerated throughout the Middle English period. Thus, Neot is registerable as a Middle English form of the saint's name via the saint's name allowance.

Owen Meadmaker. Name.

Postumus Octavius Gallus. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The submitter should be informed that Gallus does not mean 'cock, rooster', but is rather an ethic cognomen meaning 'Gallic', referring to the Gauls.

Rhodri Longshanks. Badge (see RETURNS for other badge). Argent, on a torteau an ermine spot Or, a double tressure surmounted by six crescents with horns outward azure.

Blazoned on the LoI as having Or tressure and crescents, they are azure. Since this was not noted by commenters, we are pending this for conflict checking under the correct tinctures.

The use of a tressure surmounted by a group of any charge other than a fleur-de-lys is a step from period practice.

Rosamond de Lockesford. Name and device. Azure, in bend three padlocks argent, a ford proper.

Rüdiger Seraphin. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Rüdiger Seraphim, the documentation provided was actually for the spellings Rudiger and Seraphin. The spelling Rüdeger is dated to 1291 and 1296 in Talan Gwynek, "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia"; this supports the use of the umlaut in the submitted form of the given name. However, no documentation was provided for the submitted form of the byname, so we have changed the name to Rüdiger Seraphin in order to register it.

Santiago Ramirez de Calatrava. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Serle Xell. Name.

The documentation for the byname was inadequately summarized on the LoI. The LoI said that Xell was dated to 1441 in Bahlow, A Dictionary of German Names, s.n. Xell(er), but this is not correct. The spelling that is dated to 1441 in that entry is Gseller. However, Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Xell dates Bernh. Xell to 1508, so this spelling of the byname is registerable. This name combines English and German, which is a step from period practice.

The submitter requested authenticity for German language/culture. None of the commenters were able to find any German form of Serle, so we cannot make this name authentic.

Sybilla of Beaumaris. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and argent, two sets of three annulets each interlaced one and two counterchanged.

This device is clear of the device of Jonathan Gray, Per bend sinister vert and argent, an annulet between and interlaced with four annulets in saltire argent and a tree, eradicated and inverted, vert. There is a CD for the change of arrangement of the charges and there is a CD for the change of type and number of the half of the primary charge group below the per bend line. Items on either side of a divided field count as half the group, two changes being necessary to that half for there to be a CD if they are not numerically half the group:

[Per chevron vert and argent, three Latin crosses flory one and two Or and a turtle vert.] By precedent, the turtle is half the charge group as it lies on one side of the line of division; however, as only the type has changed, a CD can not be gained from that change. [Aurora Cecilia da Castel di Sangro, February 2008, R-Caid]

Please see that precedent for the full discussion on the limitations and requirements for a CD for charges on one side of a line of division when they are numerically less than half the charge group.

Þóra in kristna. Device. Azure, a beehive beset by bees and on a chief Or three sunflowers azure.

Tigernán Fíal. Name and device. Argent, a chevron ployé and in base a cross of Toulouse gules.

Listed on the LoI as Tigernán Fian, the documentation showed the byname spelled Fíal, not Fian. The submitter's consulting herald confirmed that the submitted Fian was an error for Fíal, so we have corrected the name to Tigernán Fíal in order to register it.

Torin Makepath. Name.

Submitted as Torren the Pathmaker, no documentation was provided on the LoI that Torren is a plausible medieval given name in any language. The submitter cares most about having a name which sounds like Toren or Torren, and Siren provides an alternative:

For the given name, the best option is something derived from <Thorin>: "Thorin was documented as an Old English name, but Fellows-Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire cites a Grunekell f. Thorin. This shows Thorin as a Latinized Norse name 1066-69." (from the 2/08 LoAR)

Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Thor) give an example of <Frane filius Tor> 1066 instead of <Thor>. This may be enough to suggest <Torin> might appear in a similar context.

We agree that Torin is a plausible variant form of Thorin. Since Torin has the submitter's desired sound, we have changed the given name to this.

The byname the Pathmaker was documented as a constructed byname, indicating one who is a tracker or a woodsman. However, the documented examples provided, both on the LoI and in commentary, do not support the form <definite article> + <object> + <verb>er, but rather the form <verb> + <object>, e.g., Makefare 1221, 1327; Makejoye 1301, Makeblise 1279, Makedance 1301, Makehayt 1250, Makelayke 1379, Makepays 1340 (in Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.nn. Makefair, Makejoy, Makepeace. On the basis of these examples, the expected form of the byname is Makepath, not the Pathmaker. We have changed the byname this form in order to register it.

Umm Yahya Sanaa al-Hindiyyah. Name and device. Purpure, an elephant statant and on a chief Or three hearts gules.

Submitted as Umm Yahya Sanaa al-Hindyah, the byname al-Hindyah was proposed as a feminization of al-Hindi. The correct feminine form of al-Hindi is al-Hindiyyah. We have made this correction in order to register the name.

Wlfric de Passele. Name.

Yashka the Nomad. Name and device. Argent, a kraken inverted winged gules.

There was some question whether Yashka is a plausible period form. Sofya la Rus comments:

The name "Iashko" is documented as a diminutive of Iakov in Wickenden, p. 113 3rd Edition, (Iashko Rupos, 1498) as are the forms "Iaska" and "Iasko" [ibid]. In Russian, these names would be ßøêî, ßñêà and ßñêî, respectively.

As noted in Wickenden, ix, there are several ways of transcribing the Cyrillic alphabet. The Revised English System of transliteration (which does a better job of conveying the sound of the original Russian than the Library of Congress system used by Wickenden) would transliterate the above names as "Yashko", "Yaska" and "Yasko". Period Russians often switched "o" and "a" - hence name pairs such as Aleksandr/Oleksandr.

Given the above and the documented Yasko/Yaska forms, it seems reasonable to register a Yashka as a perfectly plausible variation of the Yashko form.

This device does not fall afoul of our ban on inverted creatures due to the special nature of kraken and octopi. The primary difference between the two charges is that an octopus is depicted with its tentacles to base and the kraken is (usually) depicted with its tentacles to chief, as if it were attacking a ship from below. The only other difference between the two creatures is the shape of the head, which is a blazonable artistic detail.

Yehoshua ben Abraam. Name.

Submitted as Yehoshua Ben Abraam, the particle ben should not be capitalized. We have corrected this.

This name combines Hebrew and Italian in the same name, which is a step from period practice. A wholly Hebrew form of the name would be Yehoshua ben Avraham, and a wholly Italian form of the name would be Jusue Abraam.

Ysabel de Vega. Name.

Submitted as Ysabel DeVega, no documentation was provided for capitalizing the preposition or for removing the space between de and the place name. We have changed the name to Ysabel de_Vega to match the documented form of the byname.

ATLANTIA

Aldyth the Gentle. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, a crab vert and an eagle argent.

Aleit de la Thomme. Name change from Tamsin Longshanks.

Her previous name, Tamsin Longshanks, is released.

Beata Lyndon of Taylorwood. Device. Per pale vert and argent, a tree couped and on a chief three seeblätter counterchanged.

Derbáil ingen Lonáin. Badge. (Fieldless) In pale a bat displayed sable sustaining in its claws an ankh Or.

Glaukos the Athenian. Name change from Rowan of Needwood.

His previous name, Rowan of Needwood, is retained as an alternate name.

Jannes van den Oudenbergen. Name and device. Per fess indented purpure mullety Or and Or, in base an oak tree eradicated proper fructed Or.

Great 15th C Dutch name!

Lillian Hawkins. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Tudor England. This is a fine late 16th C English name.

Neel Walais. Name.

Ormr Hjálmólfsson. Name.

Philip ap Griffith. Badge. (Fieldless) In pale a fess couped conjoined to a triangle sable.

Several commenters noted that they saw this as a stylized "teeter totter" or "see-saw". While that is the case, we are not willing to return period charges in a simple period arrangement unless the obtrusive modernity is overwhelming. The current design is not overly pictorial, it is not a modern insignia or trademark, is it not excessively naturalistic, and it does not rise to the level which has been historically held necessary to be considered modern style or op-art.

Sorcha inghean Mhic Eaghráin. Name and device. Per fess Or and per pale gules and azure, in pale a demi-sun sable and a sheaf of spoons Or.

Submitted as Sorcha inghean_Eachráin, the byname inghean Eachráin was documented on the basis of the entries for Mag Eachráin and Mac Eachráin in Woulfe, Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall, which list the late-period anglicized forms Mageaghrane, M'Eacherane, and M'Ceagharan. The former entry also notes that the byname was found in the 16th century.

Concerning the Gaelic spelling Eachráin, Rowel comments:

Wow. This one is stumping me. I'm not finding anything near it.

Let me spend some time in the Fiants and in Woulfe and see if I can locate the family and maybe triangulate in on what the Gaelic name really it. I'm starting to suspect that Woulfe got the Gaelic for this one wrong. Or else it's a modern not a period Gaelic form.

Further research revealed that the spelling Eachráin is most likely Modern Irish, not Early Modern Irish, meaning it is not registerable. The standardized Early Modern Irish genitive form of the name appears to be Eaghráin. This means that the appropriate feminine Gaelic form of the documented bynames Mageaghrane, M'Eacherane, and M'Ceagharan is inghean Mhic Eaghráin. We have changed the name to Sorcha inghean Mhic Eaghráin in order to register it.

CAID

Asa jarnkeptr. Name.

Caid, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Chamfron of Caid. Azure, a chamfron and a bordure embattled argent.

Calafia, Barony of. Reblazon of badge for the Order of the Golden Trident. (Fieldless) A trident within and conjoined to an annulet Or.

Blazoned when registered in September 1996 as (Fieldless) A trident's head within and conjoined to an annulet Or, there is quite a bit more haft than one would expect for a trident head. The depiction is in line with what one would expect from an exaggerated heraldic stylization of the identifying characteristic of a full trident.

Ceolwynn of Galtris. Name change from holding name Ceolwynn of Calafia.

The submitter requested that Galtris be changed to the appropriate Old English spelling. As far as we can tell, this is not possible. Galtris is a Middle English spelling of modern Galtres Forest. The earliest citations we have for this name are Middle English forms from the late 12th century, nearly a century after Old English stopped being spoken. Additionally the root of the name is Old Norse g{o,}ltr 'a boar', so it isn't possible to hypothesize an Old English form of the name.

Dalphina Delacroix. Device. Per pale argent and sable, a Bengal tiger statant contourny marked counterchanged.

Danielle ketta. Name and device. Per pale argent and azure all semy of butterflies counterchanged, two cats sejant regardant addorsed azure and argent.

Danielle is the submitter's legal given name.

Engelhardt Bauernfeind. Name and device. Per pale gules and azure, an open book sable irradiated Or.

Gregor MacDonald. Device. Per chevron ployé throughout azure and gules, two Great Pyrenees dogs combatant and a thistle Or.

Jens inn draumspaki. Badge. (Fieldless) Two ravens addorsed conjoined azure.

Jocelyn d'Isigny. Name and device. Per pale sable and azure, a cross fleury counterchanged argent and Or.

Rayne Archer of Annan. Name change from holding name Michelle the Archer.

Listed on the LoI as Rayne_of Annan, one of the roots of the given name Rayne is French reine 'queen'. RfS VI.1 Names Claiming Rank states:

Names documented to have been used in period may be used, even if they were derived from titles, provided there is no suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank. For example, Regina the Laundress is acceptable but Regina of Germany is not.

Similarly, Rayne of Annan is not acceptable because it can be interpreted as a claim to be the queen of Annan. The submitter was informed of this problem and asked if adding the byname Archer would remove the problem. This alternative was presented early enough in the commentary period to allow the commenters adequate time to consider the name. The addition of the byname Archer removes the question of possible presumption.

The LoI noted that the second byname was originally submitted as of Anan and changed to match the documented spelling Annan. However, the only documentation provided for Annan was a 1684 citation from Black, The Surnames of Scotland, p. 24. This is more than 30 years outside of our grey area, which is not acceptable. Siren provided alternative documentation for the spelling Annan:

Annan dates to grey period. It's found in a 1617 document from the Records of the Parliaments of Scotland (http://www.rps.ac.uk/), which mentions "the pryour of Cannobie at the burgh of Annan." (the URL for the document specifically is http://www.rps.ac.uk/mss/A1617/3/2). The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2009), A1617/3/2. Date accessed: 12 October 2009.

This documentation allows us to register the name as Rayne Archer of Annan.

Ulf Sigmundarson. Name change from Úlfr Sigmundarson and device. Per pale vert and argent, two wolf heads erased addorsed and in chief a roundel counterchanged.

The byname Sigmundarson is grandfathered to him. His previous name, Úlfr Sigmundarson, is released.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the erased lines on the heads much more prominently - three jagged points is most typical of period erasing.

Úlfr kjúkabassi. Name.

Vígúlfr inn norr{oe}ni. Device. Vert, two Bengal sea-tigers addorsed with tail flukes conjoined Or.

DRACHENWALD

Nicholas de Estleche, dictus le Tardif. Device. Per chevron sable and vert, a tower argent and in base a garb Or.

Petra von Bremen. Name and device. Vert, a lyre and in chief an increscent argent.

Petra is the submitter's legal given name.

EAST

Aedan Makkynon. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, a raven contourny counterchanged.

This name combines Gaelic and Scots, which is one step from period practice. Since Aedan is the name of a saint who was known to 16th C Scotland, it can be registered with a 16th C Scots byname without incurring a second step from period practice for temporal disparity.

This device is clear of the device of Hrafn Óláfsson, Per pale sable and argent, two ravens respectant counterchanged. There is a CD for the change of number of ravens and a CD for the change of tincture of the ravens. The raven in this submission is multicolored, Hrafn's ravens are solidly tinctured. This interpretation is supported by precedent:

[Registering (Fieldless) A decrescent per pale azure and argent] This badge does not conflict with Rhiannon ui Neill, (Fieldless) A decrescent azure. While X.4.d is most often interpreted as requiring half the charge to change tincture in a single-charge design, the wording of the rule states that "changing the division of any group of charges placed directly on the field is one clear difference." While much more than half the charge is azure, this is a properly constructed per pale line of division. Therefore there is a CD for fieldlessness and there is a CD for the change of the line of division, from no division to per pale, and thus these two pieces of armory are clear.

Therefore, the change of line of division on this submission is worth a CD.

Cristoff Gockerhan von Loch. Name.

Doucette de Verdun. Badge. (Fieldless) A horseshoe gules.

Doucette has permission to conflict with the badge of Grímr Víthfari, (Fieldless) A torc gules.

Nice badge!

Duncan de Montdragon. Device. Per pale Or and gules, two bears combatant counterchanged, on a chief azure a sword Or.

Edward Grey of Lochleven. Device. Gules, a greyhound rampant to sinister between three mullets of four points argent, a bordure fleury Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the mullets larger and the main body of the bordure thicker.

Barring evidence that a bordure flory is a period treatment of a bordure, its use is a step from period practice.

Edward Grey of Lochleven. Household name House of Lochleven.

Submitted as House_Lochleven, no documentation was provided for the household name pattern House + <place name> in Scots or English. This pattern was ruled unregisterable barring evidence for its use in period in December 2007:

The question was raised whether names of the form House + [place name] followed a pattern found in English names for groups of organized people. We have found no examples of this pattern. However, we have some examples of the pattern [place name] + [house/hall/lodge]. All examples below are from John Norden, Speculum Britanniae. The first parte an historicall, & chorographicall discription of Middlesex. Wherin are also alphabeticallie sett downe, the names of the cyties, townes, parishes hamletes, howses of name &c. W.th [sic] direction spedelie to finde anie place desired in the mappe & the distance betwene place and place without compasses. Cum priuilegio. By the trauaile and vew of Iohn Norden. Anno 1593. Names include Enfielde house (located in Enfield), Northals lodge (in Northals), and Lambeth house (near Lambeth), and Westminster Hall (in Westminster). There are several other examples based on either a territorial title or the surname of the original builder (in very few cases does the name of the listed resident match the name of the house). Examples include Augustines Lodge, Buls Lodge, Bufhoppes hall, New hall, Hendon house, Bassings hall, Heneage House, Schrewsburye house, More hall, Durham house (built by the Bishop of Durham), and Burghley house (built by Lord Burghley). Given this, we would recommend late period household names following either of these patterns [surname] + [house or hall], [surname]+s + [house, hall, or lodge], [place name] + [house, hall, or lodge]. [Sythe Blackwolfe, Calontir-R]

While the submitter does not allow major changes, he explicitly allowed the addition of the preposition of if required. We have changed the household name to House of Lochleven in order to register it.

This does not conflict with the real-world Castle Lochleven since that castle is not important enough to protect from conflict. It does not have its own entry in either the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica or the Britannica online. While the captivity of Mary of Scotland at this castle was an important historical event, it does not rise to the type of event outlined in the Administrative Handbook III.A.5.

Edward Grey of Lochleven and Colin mac Eoain mec Lachlainn. Joint badge. Quarterly vert and azure, an elm tree eradicated between three mullets of four points argent.

Submitted on the LoI with Colin as the primary owner and Edward as the secondary owner, Edward's name appears on the form as the primary owner and Colin's name appears as the secondary owner.

This badge is to be associated with Edward's household, House of Lochleven.

Friderich Swartzwalder. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Friderich_Schwartzwald_, the name was originally submitted as Friderich von dem Schwarzwald, and changed in kingdom to meet the submitter's request for an authentic 16th C German name. However, no date for Schwartzwald used as a byname was provided on the LoI, so it's not clear whether this form is in fact authentic for the 16th C. Blanck & Wilhelmi, Die Mecklenburgischen Ärzte von den ältesten Zeiten bis zur Gegenwar, p. 6 dates one Sebastian Swartzwalder to 1529/30. It is unlikely that this form has been modernized, since Swartz- is not the standard modern spelling of the word. We have changed the name to Friderich Swartzwalder to meet his request for authenticity.

Gaia Valeria Corva. Name.

Hugo von Guthenbach. Name and device. Per chevron embattled sable and Or, three Maltese crosses in chevron and a griffin segreant counterchanged.

Submitted as Hugo von Gütenbach, the documentation provided was for the spelling Guthenbach. We have changed the name to match the documentation.

This device is clear of the device of Ekaterina Adrianovna Sinilnikova, Per chevron sable and Or, two Maltese crosses and a griffin counterchanged, with one CD for the change of the line of division of the field (plain vs. embattled) and another for the change in the number of charges in the primary group. Visual comparison showed that the emblazons were sufficiently dissimilar that there is no visual conflict.

Irayari Vairavi. Name change from holding name Bhairavi of Thescorre (see RETURNS for badge).

Both elements were dated to South Indian (Tamil) contexts between the 11th and 13th centuries. This raised in commentary the question of whether there was sufficient contact between 11th-13th C Tamil-speakers and Europe, as required by RfS I.1. Precedent says:

This name is being returned for several problems. First, and most important, is whether there was substantial contact between Europeans and Tamil speaking people during the 9th C, the dates given for these names. We do not know of any, and neither the submitter nor the commenters provided support for such contact. While Indian names are registerable, it is still necessary to show that it is possible for the person who bears the name to have had contact with Europeans.

[Madhu Brahman] There are two problems with the name. First we would like to see some evidence of interaction between 3rd through 6th century India and Europe ... [January, 2000]

Barring documentation of substantial contact between Europeans and Tamil speakers prior to the European Age of Exploration, Tamil names dated to before the 15th C are not registerable. [Maya Kâl.i, August 2006 LoAR, R-Meridies]

The commenters were able to provide examples of contact between Europeans and Tamil speakers before the Age of Exploration, usually in the form of individual merchants or explorers. For example, Loyall notes:

European travellers to and from Asia in the late thirteenth and fourteenth century often passed through south India: Marco Polo visited the region c. 1291, as did Giovanni da Montecorvino (later bishop of Peking) and his companions. The Franciscan Odoric of Portenone and the Dominican Jordanus Catalani both wrote accounts of travels in south India.

While these individual examples do not constitute substantial contact between Tamil-speaking India and Western culture, they do show that Tamil-speaking India was a culture which "had contact with Europe during this period [i.e., pre-1600]" (RfS I.1) and that "it is possible for the person who bears the name to have had contact with Europeans", as specified in the August 2006 LoAR. The new information provided by the commenters allows us to register this name, and to allow the future registration of Tamil names from this period.

Isabel Ximénez de Gaucin. Name change from Isabel Jimenez de Gaucin.

The given name Isabel and the byname de Gaucin are grandfathered to her.

Her previous name, Isabel Jimenez de Gaucin, is released.

John Ruxton. Device. Argent, two chevronels between three shamrocks gules.

Katelin de Monro. Name and device. Azure, on a bend sinister argent three butterflies bendwise gules, in canton a dog's head caboshed argent.

Meryck O'Brien. Name and device. Vert, a phoenix Or and in base three gouttes in pile argent.

Listed on the LoI as Meryck O'Brian, the name was originally submitted as Marek O'Brien, and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. While the commenters were not able to find any documentation for Marek in a language that could be combined with Anglicized Irish, they were able to support the originally submitted form of the byname. Rowel notes that:

"Appendix IX: Calendar to the Fiants of Edward VI., and Index to same". pp. 26-230. The Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland. (Dublin: Alexander Thom, 1876). http://books.google.com/books?id=R6wUAAAAQAAJ], p. 82, record 522 (412), for the year 1550, lists Rory O'Brien.

So, the originally submitted form <O'Brien> is fine for 16th C Anglicized Irish.

We have changed the name to Meryck O'Brien to partially restore it to the originally submitted form. This name combines English and Anglicized Irish, which is a step from period practice.

Mieszko Lesszensky. Name.

Submitted as Mieszko Lesie{n'}ski, the byname Lesie{n'}ski was documented as a header spelling in Taszycki, S{l/}ownik Staropolskich Nazw Osobowych. As with many other sources, header spellings from Taszycki are only registerable if it is demonstrated that they are consistent with period forms. The entry for Lesie{n'}ski gives Polish, Latin, and German citations of the byname, including Polish Lesszensky, dated to 1407. We have changed the name to Mieszko Lesszensky to use one of the dated Polish forms of the byname.

This does not conflict with Mieszko Zielénski; the bynames Zielénski and Lesie{n'}ski are significantly different in sound and appearance.

Nefise bint Abdullah. Name change from holding name Jennifer of the East.

Submitted as Nafisa Hatun bint Abdullah, Hatun is a title meaning 'lady' and has previously been ruled unregisterable:

Rosalind bint Mihrimah. Name change from Rosalind O'Maughan. Submitted as Rosalind Mihrimah Hatun, as submitted this name has two returnable problems. First, the element Hatun appears to be a form of address or title; we do not register titles or forms of address as part of personal names. The article used to document the element, Ursula Georges, "Sixteenth Century Turkish Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ursula/ottoman/) says "Several people in this list were identified by titles such as Hatun, 'lady' or 'Mrs.', or Beg, 'provincial governor'." Dropping this element would be a major change, which the submitter will not accept. [LoAR 04/2007]

The current submitter allows all changes, so we are able to drop the problematic element as required for registration.

Additionally, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Ottoman Turkish. Nafisa is an Arabic spelling of the name; in Turkish, it was spelled Nefise, according to Ursula Georges, "Sixteenth-Century Turkish Names". We have changed the name to Nefise_bint Abdullah in order to meet her request for authenticity.

Selve d'Aure, Shire of La. Device. Or, three pine trees couped vert and on a chief indented azure a laurel wreath between two mullets Or.

Sorcha Dhonn of Brennisteinvatn. Name.

Brennisteinvatn is the registered name of an SCA branch.

GLEANN ABHANN

Ædiva of Ghigeleswic. Name.

Nice 11th C English name!

There was some question whether Ghigeleswic, being an Old English place name, should be in the dative case following of. The spelling Ghigeleswic actually dates to 1086, which is in the period of transition from Old to Middle English. Numerous locative bynames in the 1086 Domesday Boke do not show any inflection in the place names following the prepositions, so we do not see any reason to change the name from the submitted form.

Eibhilín Núinnseann. Name.

Submitted as Eibhlín Núinseann, the documentation spelled the given name Eibhilín. The byname Núinseann was documented from MacLysaght, Surnames of Ireland, as the Modern Irish form of the byname Nugent. As a Modern Irish form, it is not registerable. Rowel provides information about period Irish forms of Nugent:

The Annals of Loch Cé (vol. 2) list a number of instances of this name, some as a family name and some as a chiefly title. Here are two examples of the name used as a family name:

Entry LC1585.15: Tomáss mac Baiter Nuinnsenn

Entry LC1587.11: Seoirsi mac Pitair Núinnsenn

The Annals of Loch Cé primarily use conservative orthography. So, a typical Early Modern Irish form, based on the examples above, would have -eann instead of -enn. I'm not sure if the double-n would become a single-n in an Early Modern Irish form or not. Based on the headers in Woulfe (cited in the LoI), I expect not. In other words, I would expect <Núinnseann> as an Early Modern Irish form rather than <Núinseann>. (MacLysaght tends to use Modern Irish forms, so his forms are often suspect for our uses.)

The forms indicate that the submitter will not accept major changes, such as changing the language of an element from Modern Irish to Early Modern Irish, but correspondence with the submitter revealed that she would accept the form Núinnseann. We have changed the name to Eibhilín Núinnseann in order to register it.

Eterscél hua Dubgaill. Name and device. Per chevron inverted Or and vert, a roundel counterchanged vert and argent.

Submitted as Eterscél Ó Dubgaill, the byname Ó Dubgaill violated RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining Early Modern Irish Ó with Middle Irish Dubgaill. The submitter cares most about 11th C Irish culture if the name must be changed; this is Middle Irish. We have changed the byname to the wholly Middle Irish form hua Dubgaill in order to register the name.

Gwenllian of Axemoor. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, three chevronels braced throughout vert and a base wavy azure.

Submitted under the name Gwenllian verch Rhys de G{w^}yr.

James Guy of Bothwell. Badge. (Fieldless) A lion's head cabossed within and conjoined to an annulet argent.

Jehanne Darc de la Coste and Jacques Hébert Descôtes. Joint badge. Azure, in fess a pheon and an escallop argent.

This was to have been associated with the household name Maison des Mer Nord, but that name was returned.

Olivia Alexandria. Device change. Vert, a monkey rampant winged and tailed of a dragon Or.

Her old device, Or, a monkey rampant winged and tailed of a dragon gules, is released.

Tiece le Leu. Name and device. Per chevron inverted Or and azure, a roundel counterchanged azure and argent.

LAUREL

Saint Galen, Canton of. Device (Important non-SCA arms). Vert, a fasces argent.

The canton was a sovereign state at times in period, a member of the Old Swiss Confederation. It is the equivalent of a modern U.S. State, and thus its arms, even the post period arms, are important enough to protect, much like we protect the arms of Hawaii, which were designed after period.

LOCHAC

Bechtold Vollarc. Name and device. Argent, a chevron engrailed sable between three roses proper slipped and leaved vert.

Çinara Baraceco. Name.

Esibell Valentin. Name.

This does not conflict with Sybella Valentine, registered May 2009. Esibell, a variant of Isabel, is neither a variant of Sybella nor a diminutive of it, nor vice versa. The two names are significantly different in appearance. While they are similar in sound, the change of the stress, the placement of the vowels, and the fact that each name contains a syllable that the other does not altogether are a significant difference.

Kotek Torzhokskoi. Name and device. Chevronelly inverted gules and Or.

Submitted as Kotek Torzhskoi, the byname Torzhskoi was intended to mean 'from Torzhok', but was incorrectly formed. The grammatically correct byname meaning 'from Torzhok' is Torzhokskoi. We have changed the name to Kotek Torzhokskoi to correct the grammar. It was the consensus of Pelican's staff that the change from Torzhshkoi to Torzhokskoi was a minor change, which the submitter allows.

The submitter requested authenticity for Rus' language/culture. The given name was documented to the early 17th C, but our only references to the city on which the byname is based are from the 12th and 13th C. Since we do not know whether the two elements of the name were used during the same period, we cannot confirm that this name is authentic.

Nice device!

Lochac, Kingdom of. Order name Order of the Cross of Lochac.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the Order of the Meridian Cross from the King and Queen of Meridies, and with the Order of the Calon Cross from the King, Queen, and Principal Herald of Calontir.

Ronan mac Briain. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, two rams combatant counterchanged.

Nice early Irish name!

Please instruct the submitter to draw the rams larger, possibly slightly elongated, to fill the space more thoroughly.

MERIDIES

Bj{o,}rn the Hunter. Name and device. Per pale sable and argent, a roundel between a pair of stag's attires within a bordure counterchanged.

Submitted as Bjorn the Hunter, the documentation spelled the given name Bj{o,}rn. In Old Norse, o and {o,} are not interchangeable. We have changed the name to match the documentation in order to register it.

This name combines Norse and English, which is a step from period practice.

Staggate, Shire of. Device. Per fess gules and sable, a stag salient and in dexter chief a laurel wreath Or.

Sven inn rauði Egilsson. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Sven inn rauõi Egilsson, both the forms and the documentation spelled the first byname inn rauði. We have made this correction.

Ysabel de Saincte Croix. Name and device. Per bend azure and sable, a bend raguly argent between a sun in its splendour Or and a cross fleury argent.

MIDDLE

Abel Frölicher. Device. Azure, in bend sinister a heart and a hand in benediction Or.

Bertrande Fresneau. Device. Per fess Or and gules, three dice counterchanged.

Nice armory!

Edelina de Witheleghe. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, a spider counterchanged.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th-14th C English. Both elements are dated from early 13th century Devon, so this is a fine name for her period and culture.

Elena Dolpadarn. Name.

Submitted as Elena Dolbadarn, Dolbadarn was documented as the modern name of a castle which was built around 1230. No evidence was provided that this is a plausible period spelling of the castle's name, and without such evidence, it is not registerable. The castle's name is recorded as Dolpadarn in the 13th century according to "Domesday Maps - Welsh Place Names". We have changed the name to Elena Dolpadarn in order to register it.

Genevieve d'Auvergne. Name.

Submitted as Geneviève d'Auvergne, the accent is a modern editorial addition. We have removed it to correct the name to a period form.

Gunnar Sigurdsson. Name change from holding name Gunnarr of Tirnewydd.

This name combines Norwegian and Swedish, which is a step from period practice.

James Edward de Marksburry. Reblazon of device. Argent, a dragon's head erased contourny azure breathing flames gules.

Blazoned when registered in May 1983 as Argent, a dragon's head bendwise sinister erased to sinister azure, breathing flames gules, that blazon was confusing due to the repeated phrase to sinister.

Padraic Finbar O'Leary. Reblazon of device. Argent, a winged sea-lion erect contourny gules sustaining a tau cross bendwise sinister sable distilling three gouttes de sang.

Blazoned when registered in February 1987 as Argent, a winged sea-lion erect to sinister gules, grasping a tau cross bendwise sinister sable, distilling three gouttes de sang, the tau cross is a co-primary charge. The gouttes are small enough that they do not count for difference.

Tigernach mac Éoghain ua Áeda. Device change. Gules, two bars and in chief three crosses crosslet argent.

Nice device!

His current device, Per pale argent and gules, a cross crosslet counterchanged, on a chief sable three wolves heads erased argent, is released.

NORTHSHIELD

Anpliça Fiore. Badge. Per bend azure and purpure, a Great Dane dog's head couped counterchanged argent and Or.

The previous badge submission by this submitter was returned for conflict on the August 2008 LoAR, which also said that this would be the first registration of a Great Dane in the SCA. The LoAR was incorrect - there have been multiple registrations of Great Danes in the past, and precedent says that "The Great Dane is a period breed of dog, according to Mistress Ammalynne's monograph in the Meridean Symposium Proceedings, 1982." [Kristoff McLain Cameron, August 1992, A-Atenveldt].

Coenred of Windhaven. Name.

Windhaven is the registered name of an SCA branch.

Northshield, Kingdom of. Award name Award of the Cygnus and badge association.

Submitted as Award of_Cygnus, the order name lacked the definite article required to make the name grammatically correct. We have added it to register the name.

The award name is associated with the kingdom's badge (Fieldless) A swan naiant contourny Or.

The kingdom has permission to conflict with Meridies's Order of the Cygnet.

OUTLANDS

Ayla Knobloch. Name change from Aimara Baratzuri and device change. Per bend sinister purpure and azure, on a bend sinister wavy gules fimbriated a garlic bulb palewise argent.

Her previous name, Aimara Baratzuri, is retained as an alternate name.

Please instruct the submitter to draw deeper, more prominent waves.

Her old device, Checky argent and purpure, a heart gules on a chief double-arched sable an ankh argent, is retained as a badge.

Caerthe, Barony of. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Aspen Pursuivant from Outlands, Kingdom of the (see RETURNS for order name).

Dauid of the Isles. Name.

Shire of the Isles is the name of a registered SCA branch.

Michelet Chauveau. Name.

Nice 15th C French name!

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Transfer of heraldic title Aspen Pursuivant to Caerthe, Barony of.

William Stuart. Name.

Wolfhram St. James. Device. Sable, an eye argent irised azure, surmounted by a sword inverted Or.

Commenters questioned whether this depiction of an eye, with the iris of the eye not throughout, was acceptable, since this depiction does not match the one in the Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry. Eyes have been registered both with throughout irises and with irises not throughout, as depicted here. Either is an acceptable, non-blazonable, artistic variant.

TRIMARIS

Denys de Bordeaux. Device. Or, three anchors in pall conjoined at the ring, on a chief dovetailed gules three eagles Or.

Please instruct the submitter to draw deeper, more prominent dovetailing.

Konrad Reinhard. Name (see PENDS for device).

Subadai Baavgai. Name change from Subadai the Bear.

His previous name, Subadai the Bear, is retained as an alternate name.

Subadai Baavgai. Release of alternate name Subadai Babagai.

Tomas mac Odhrain. Name (see RETURNS for device).

The byname mac Odhrain uses the Early Modern Irish spelling of the patronym, Odhran. The latest example of this name that we have found is from 994, for which the Middle Irish spelling Odran is appropriate. In general, we decline to register Early Modern Irish forms of Gaelic names which were not used in the Early Modern Irish era (c1200-c1700):

The given name was submitted in a Middle or Old Irish form, but the only example we have found of the name Cnes is of an early 6th century mother of a saint. During the 6th century, the language in use in Ireland was Oghamic Irish; Cnes is an Old Irish spelling (appropriate for c. 700 to c. 900). We have no evidence that the name continued into use into the period when an Old Irish spelling in appropriate. Current precedent does not allow registration of Irish names in orthographies that are not appropriate to the times in which they are found. [Cnes ingen Conchobuir, LoAR 01/2008, Atlantia-R]

In this case, however, Odhran is the name of an Irish saint who was known and venerated in the Early Modern Irish period. Therefore, the Early Modern Irish form of the name, Odhran, is registerable as part of a patronymic byname under the saint's name allowance.

WEST

Adriana Ida van Kortrijk. Name.

The LoI documented both Adriana and Ida as Dutch names. However, no evidence was provided for the use of double given names in Dutch, and precedent forbidding their use, barring such evidence, was upheld as recently as October 2008 (v. Johanne die Waeyer, Artemisia-A). However, both given names can also be found in English. Ida is dated to 1086, 1175, 1195, 1207, 1230, 1275, 1296, 1302, 1327, and 1346 in Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames". Adriana can be found in 16th-century baptismal records:

Adriana Arnold, bap. 19 Sept. 1588, Glatton, Huntingdonshire

Adriana Blanshert, bap. 09 Feb. 1582, Howden, Yorkshire

Adriana Haule, bap. 28 April 1562, Hartwell, Buckinghamshire

Adriana Hodge, bap. 25 Aug. 1566, St. Andrew, Enfield, London

Adriana Slayter, bap. 17 Oct. 1547, Howden, Yorkshire

As double given names are registerable in English, using this documentation for the given names, this name is registerable as a mixed English/Dutch name. This lingual combination is a step from period practice.

The submitter requested authenticity for Flemish, but did not allow major changes, except for changes to the preposition to make the byname authentic. Either Adriana van Kortrijk or Ida van Kortrijk would be an authentic name for a Dutch woman living in Flanders.

Angelina Taina Besova. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for Russia. This is a fine late-period Russian name.

Bjarnheðinn Hamarsson. Name and device. Gules, a hammer Or within an orle of bezants.

Listed on the LoI as Bjarnheðinn Hamersson, both the forms and the documentation spelled the byname Hamarsson. We have made this correction.

This device is clear of the device of Geirdís Valsdóttir, Gules, a club inverted Or within an orle of bezants. There is a CD for inverting the primary charge and a CD for the type of primary charge.

Cormac MacKay. Device. Sable, a sinister canton checky vert and argent.

Jocelyn of Rowenwood. Badge. (Fieldless) A dog couchant contourny argent, charged on the shoulder with a fleur-de-lis vert.

This badge is clear of that of Kean de Lacy, (Fieldless) A fox couchant to sinister argent. There is a CD for fieldlessness and a CD for the addition of the fleur-de-lis.

Please instruct the submitter that the dog's hindquarters should be on the ground, not slightly raised.

Martin de Huy. Device. Or, a wolf's head couped contourny azure and a bordure sable.

Stephen von Behrend. Reblazon of device. Azure, a lightning flash bendwise argent between in pale a mullet of eight points and a dagger inverted Or.

Blazoned when registered, in June 1976, as Azure, a lightning flash bendwise argent between in chief a mullet of eight points and in base a dagger inverted Or, the usual assumption for that blazon would be that the secondaries would be arranged in bend. They are not; they are aligned with the vertical axis of the field.

The lightning flash is depicted in this device in the no longer registerable fashion that is currently referred to informally as a shazam.

Úlfar inn svarti Þórisson. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Úlfarr inn svarti Þórisson, the name was originally submitted as Úlfar inn Svarti Þórisson, and changed in kingdom. While precedent requires that Old Norse descriptive bynames like inn svarti be registered in the lower case, the change of the spelling of the given name was not required, as the submitted documentation, Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Viking Names found in the Landnamabok", spells the given name Úlfar. The introduction to this article says "With two exceptions, I have used Fleck's spellings, which are normalized Old Norse spellings and do not reflect the spellings actually used in the manuscripts. The second exception is when Fleck's spellings differ from Arnórsson's, I have used Arnórsson's, because he is more consistent in his normalizations." Úlfar is one of the names where Arnórsson's normalization differs from Fleck's. Because both are registerable, we have restored the given name to the originally submitted form.

- Explicit littera accipiendorum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Æsileif Úlfrúnardóttir. Device. Sable, on a mullet of eight points between eight Bowen knots in annulo Or a wolf's head erased sable, a bordure Or.

This device is in conflict with the device of Eleric Sønn Hvittann, Sable, on a sun Or an anvil sable, within a bordure Or. There is a single CD for the addition of the Bowen knots. There is no CD for the change of type of primary charge, since we grant no difference between suns and multi-pointed mullets. There is no CD for the change of type only of the tertiary since the submitted device is not suitable for purposes of section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submission: there are three types of charge on the field (mullet, knot, bordure) and mullets are not suitable base charges for purposes of this rule.

Aíbell ingen Chernacháin. Device. Argent, a dragon displayed sable maintaining a chalice and a needle Or threaded sable and on a chief triangular azure a decrescent argent.

This device is returned for excessive complexity. With four tinctures (argent, sable, Or, azure) and five types of charge (dragon, chalice, needle, chief, decrescent), it has a complexity of nine, which exceeds our rule-of-thumb of eight. While we sometimes waive the complexity requirements for devices which are good period style, the use of a dragon displayed precludes waiving this requirement. As precedent explains, "The use of a dragon displayed is a step from period practice." [Tristram Jager von Bonn, 03/09]

This was a resubmission of a return (for conflict) of the same motif in all black and white, which had a complexity count of seven. The changes introduced to clear the conflict and to address the contrast problem mentioned on the June 2008 LoAR have, unfortunately, introduced another issue.

Boi Quickfoot. Device. Argent, in pale two rapiers inverted in saltire and a lion rampant, a bordure sable.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Moshe Pantera del Fuego Negro, Argent, a natural panther salient incensed of flame all within a bordure sable. There is a single CD for the addition of the rapiers, but nothing for the small tongue of flame issuant from Moshe's panther's mouth, nothing for the difference between a lion and a natural panther, and no difference for rampant vs. salient.

Please inform the submitter that, on resubmission, she should bear in mind that the submitted device is not suitable for purposes of X.2, since there are more than two types of charge on the field. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that a similar redesign is clear of the device of Susan the Midwife, Argent, three spiders tergiant within a bordure sable and the device of Elizabeth Horseman, Argent, three horses heads erased and a bordure sable. In each case, there is a CD for the change of type of primary charges. Since neither spiders nor horse's heads can be arranged in saltire, there may or may not be a second CD for arrangement.

Desiderata Drake. Device. Azure, in pale a duck's head erased and two rapiers in saltire, on a chief wavy argent three flames proper each charged with a heart gules.

This device is returned for violating section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submission, Armorial Identifiability, which says "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance". The charges on the chief are not recognizable due to the small size of the individual tongues of flame and the fact that the flames and hearts share a tincture.

It is also returned for violating our layer limit. The charges on the chief are not hearts enflamed as blazoned on the LoI because the term enflamed means that the hearts would have several widely separated individual tongues of flame issuing from their edges. When drawn with the flame entirely encircling the charge, they should be blazoned as on a flame, a [charge]. Section VIII.1.c.ii of the Rules for Submission says "All charges should be placed either directly on the field or entirely on other charges that lie on the field". The hearts are placed on flames which are placed on the chief, violating this rule.

Lastly, it is returned for violating our complexity limits. With four tinctures (azure, argent, gules, Or) and five types of charge (rapier, duck's head, chief, flame, heart), this device has a complexity count of nine, exceeding our rule of thumb limit of eight. This armory lacks the period style which would allow us to register a device this complex. The combination of two charges in saltire and another dissimilar charge in the same group is not good period style.

Finnr jafnkollr. Device. Gules, in bend a merlin rising contourny sustaining an axe bendwise sinister reversed Or.

This device was withdrawn by the submitter.

Folan Wayfarer. Badge. Azure on a pile inverted gules between an increscent and a decrescent a wolf sejant ululant argent.

This is returned because it is not blazonabile. Blazoned on the LoI as having a Per chevron line of division, that would have the line issuing from the sides of the field, not the base corners. It is closest to being a pile inverted, which would be narrower and issue entirely from the base of the field.

Under interpretation as a pile inverted, it is also returned for violating section VIII.2.b.i of the Rules for Submission, which says "The field must have good contrast with every charge placed directly on it and with charges placed overall". There is not acceptable contrast between the azure field and the gules pile.

The use of a wolf ululant is a step from period practice.

Gaius Sergius Vettius. Device. Per pale gules and argent, three fish hooks and in chief a lucy counterchanged.

This device is returned for blurring the distinction between primary and secondary charges. The way the submitted emblazon is drawn, it is not possible to determine whether this is a primary charge and three secondary charges, three primaries and a secondary charge, or four co primary charges, and so must be returned

Please inform the submitter that drawing the fish hooks twice as large as they are will fix the cited issue by making a group of four coprimary charges. Doubling the size of the fish hooks while making the lucy smaller will also make a clear primary group of fishhooks with a secondary fish in chief. If the submitter is interested in a device with the same elements but in better medieval style, commenters suggested redesigning this as Per pale gules and argent, a lucy between three fish hooks counterchanged or Per pale gules and argent, a lucy and in chef three fish hooks counterchanged.

Padraig Ua Céileachair. Name.

This conflicts with Padraig O'Ceallachain. The bynames are not significantly different in appearance.

His device has been registered under the holding name Padraig of Thescorre.

Raven Whitehart. Device. Argent, two ravens purpure and on a point pointed vert a stag salient argent.

This device is returned for blurring the distinction between a point pointed and a per chevron ployé line of division. The top of the line of division on this submission rises only to the center of the field. A per chevron line should ideally reach nearly to the top of the field. A point pointed should rise no higher than the bottom third of the field.

One commenter noted a depiction of a point pointed from Guillim's A Display of Heraldrie, published in 1610, which rises to roughly the same position on the shield as this submission. Since this depiction was in the chapter on Abatements of Arms, a subject beloved of heraldic tract writers but never actually seen in medieval heraldic practice, we will not overturn long-standing precedent based solely on this example. Contributing to this decision is the confusion that would result from the way our rules are written: is this a single primary charge group of three charges on a field divided per chevron, or is it two primary charges and a peripheral ordinary charged with a tertiary? For our conflict rules, this is a very important question and we are not willing to contribute to the large number of calls for visual conflict checks under RfS X.5 that would result from overturning our current standard.

Suzanne Angelique Moscherosch. Device. Per bend sinister argent and lozengy azure and argent, a fleur-de-lys azure.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Elwyn of Snow Hill, Per chevron azure, ermined argent, and argent, in base a fleur-de-lys azure. The position of the fleur-de-lys is forced in both devices, so there is only the CD for the changes to the field.

ANSTEORRA

None.

AN TIR

Andrew Crowe. Device. Argent, a bend gules, overall, a bird displayed sable.

This device conflicts with that of Thomas Wolfgame von Lauer, Argent, a bend gules enfiled of an annulet sable. Enfiled charges are equivalent to overall charges because they visually surmount the enfiling charge. Therefore, there is a single CD, for the change to the overall charge group.

On resubmission, the submitter should be aware that, while this submission is technically clear of the device of Bertrand du Guesclin (important non-SCA armory), Argent, a double-headed eagle sable and overall a bendlet gules, it may be considered visually too similar to any possible emblazon of Bertrand's armory to be clear.

Bertrand's primary charge is the eagle, Andrew's is the bend. There are CDs for changing the type and tincture of the primary and for changing the type and tincture of the overall charge. However, the devices are very similar in overall appearance.

Commenters should note that section X.1 of the rules for submissions does not apply between Bertrand and Andrew's devices. Both of them consist of a bend and a bird in the same arrangement, they differ only in which one overlaps the other, which changes the definition of which is the primary charge and which is the overall charge. Neither primary charge group has been added or removed, which is required to clear devices of conflict under RfS X.1.

Arion the Wanderer. Badge. Gules, a trident within an annulet Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with a badge for the Barony of Calafia's Order of the Golden Trident, (Fieldless) A trident within and conjoined to an annulet Or, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a single CD for the difference between fielded and fieldless armory.

Gareth Haydon. Device. Sable, an arrow within a bordure argent.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability of the arrow. Arrows in period armory were drawn with overly exaggerated heads and fletchings specifically to improve identifiability. In this case, commenters were unable to tell if this was intended to be a spear, a mace, or an arrow.

Richenda du Jardin and Juliana de Luna. Joint household name Chastel Salon.

This is returned for conflict with le Salon, the recurring French art exhibition that originated in 1667, and which was from the middle of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century the most significant annual or biannual art event in the western world. AH III.A.9 says:

Other Significant Names Outside the Society - The names of other entities, both real and literary, may be considered important enough to protect on a case by case basis. These entities include but are not limited to the names of organizations, schools, businesses, associations, and the like. These entities are likely to be deemed worthy of protection if they appear in standard references such as encyclopedias or are major fictitious organizations in important literary works of all genres. These names will not be listed in the Society Armorial, but are still protected.

The Salon has its own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica, which describes it as the

official exhibition of art sponsored by the French government. It originated in 1667 when Louis XIV sponsored an exhibit of the works of the members of the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, and the salon derives its name from the fact that the exhibition was hung in the Salon d'Apollon of the Louvre Palace in Paris. After 1737 the Salon became an annual rather than a sporadic event, and in 1748 the jury system of selection was introduced. During the French Revolution the Salon was opened for the first time to all French artists, although the academicians continued to control most of the exhibitions held in the 19th century.

As the name of one of the most significant artistic institutions in the last 450 years, it is important enough to protect from conflict. The addition of the designator Chastel does not remove the conflict, per RfS V.2.a.

Soelig Sweteglee. Name and device. Vert a harp between two quavers in bend argent.

The name is returned for lack of documentation for Soelig. The LoI provided the following information:

Soelig is hypothesized to be an Old English given name - R&W sn Sealey hypothesizes this word as the origin of the byname Sely. This is also used as a woman's name, documented to 1221 as Sely and 1219 as Sela - if a form of this name ending (with two syllables) in a g cannot be documented please return this instead of changing to Sely or Sela

However, this misstates the evidence. As Blue Anchor notes, it is not Soelig that Reaney & Wilson give as the Old English root of Sely, but sælig, with an aesc. There is no evidence, however, that sælig was ever used as a personal name in Old English; lacking such evidence, or evidence that it follows a documented pattern of Old English feminine names, Sælig is not registerable as a given name. Soelig, being a mistranscription of the Old English word, is also not registerable, barring alternative documentation.

This device is returned for a redraw. The stems of the notes are so narrow that they disappear into the field, rendering them unidentifiable.

ARTEMISIA

None.

ATENVELDT

Æsa Hauksdóttir. Device. Gyronny gules and ermine, a hawk striking Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Eve Nightstalker, Azure, an owl striking Or, beaked and membered argent, orbed sable. There is a single CD for the changes to the field. Because neither bird is in a period posture, the identifying characteristics of the birds are lost, so we do not grant a CD between them.

Ailis inghean Ui Nuallain. Device. Argent, a winged unicorn segreant azure and a base engrailed gules.

This device is returned for a redraw. While this depiction of a horse has become popular over the years, it is a very complicated drawing, especially with the forward-swept mane that protrudes from between the forelegs. Unfortunately, the added wings in this submission cause the beast to become unidentifiable from any distance, as both the tail and the mane are obscured.

On resubmission, please instruct the submitter that the tail of a unicorn is supposed to be a lion's tail (a narrow cat-like tail with a tuft of fur at the very end), not a horse's.

Alexsander Dachs. Device. Per chevron azure and vert, an open book Or between three compass roses argent.

This device is returned for a redraw. The first problem is that the book is not drawn as a book, it is drawn as a billet fesswise (rectangle) with internal artistic lines, and is not recognizable as a book. The second problem is that the field division is not a per chevron line, but is instead the bottom quarter of a per saltire line of division. A properly drawn per chevron line should rise well above the center of the field, nearly reaching the top of the field and dividing it into two sections of roughly the same area.

Alianora Sweetlove. Device. Purpure, a cup and in dexter chief a wand bendwise inverted Or.

This device is returned because it is not blazonable. The Rules for Submission, Section VII.7.b, says "Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon". Commenters were unable to provide a blazon which described both the co-primary nature of the two charges and their arrangement on the field.

Ari Ánsson. Badge. Gules scaly argent.

Sadly, this striking armory is in conflict with the device of Elizabeth Little, Purpure scaly argent. There is a single CD for changing the tincture of the field, by precedent:

[Vert scaly Or] This device conflicts with Yrj{o:} Kirjawiisas, Sable scaly Or. Because the two pieces of armory share a tincture, there is only a CD for changing the tincture of the field, even though this is field primary armory. [Deykin ap Gwion, February 2005, R-Northshield]

Baldric der Krieger and Joscelin de Lyons. Joint badge. (Fieldless) A phoenix sable issuant from flames purpure and argent, within and conjoined to a six-belled joscelyn wreathed gules and Or, belled purpure.

This badge is returned for a redraw. The phoenix is barely overall with respect to the joscelyn. While we will make allowances for drawing errors, in this case the amount of overlap is not small. Within and conjoined would have the outlines of the phoenix just touching the inner edge of the joscelyn.

Catylyn verch Morgant ap Llewellyn. Household name House of Morgant and badge. (Fieldless) Three drinking horns fretted in triangle argent.

The household name conflicts with House Morgan, registered to Ronan ap Morgan.

This badge is returned for lack of identifiability. While we have registered this motif in the past (to Finnbogi Úlfkelsson, in March 2006), the horns in Finnbogi's registration were widely separated, well-drawn with internal detailing, and the openings of the horns were visible and projected past the narrow ends of the interlaced horns. The current submission fits none of these circumstances.

This badge is also returned for conflict with the badge of Charles O'Connor, Gules, a triquetra argent. There is insufficient difference between this drawing and a triquetra, so there is only the CD for fieldlessness.

Conmáel Fiach. Name.

The byname Fiach was documented from Ó Corráin & Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Fiachna, which derives the given name Fiachna from the word fiach 'raven'. However, this entry doesn't give any reason to think that Fiach is a plausible descriptive byname in Gaelic. Recent precedent has ruled that, barring new evidence, bird-based bynames are not registerable in Gaelic:

This is returned for lack of documentation for the byname. The documentation for Préchán consisted of a dictionary citation for the use of the word in Middle Irish, and a reference to an early 16th century Eoghan An Preachain in a website on the history of the McCarthy Mor clan. This latter reference is, unfortunately, unreliable. No source for this Eoghan was provided, and no independent references to him could be found. The question is then whether a byname meaning 'crow' is plausible in Irish Gaelic. Mari Elspeth nic Brian, "Index of Names in the Irish Annals" shows only two animal bynames, 'fox' and 'wolf/hound'. As past precedent says,

Descriptive bynames based on animals are extremely rare in Gaelic. At this point, only a handful have been dated to period, specifically Cu 'wolf', Sinnach 'fox', Damán 'little stag, little ox', and Rón 'seal' (which may be unique to Áed Rón). It is important to note that none of these animals are rodents. The return of this submitter's previous name stated in part:

In a broader sense, no evidence was presented and none was found that any type of rodent would have been included as a root in [...] a descriptive byname. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable. [Eileen ingen Dubh-luchag, LoAR December 2001, R-An Tir]

No documentation was provided for the current submission and none was found to show that a descriptive byname formed from the name of a rodent is reasonable in Gaelic. Lacking such evidence, the byname in Luch is not registerable. [Eileen in Luch, 03/2003, R-An Tir]

The current case is analogous; none of our examples of animal bynames in Gaelic are based on birds. Lacking evidence for bynames based on birds in Gaelic, Préchán is not registerable. [LoAR 06/2008, Atlantia-R]

No new evidence was provided for bird-based bynames in Gaelic, so they continue to be unregisterable.

His armory has been registered under the holding name Conmáel of Twin Moons.

David Ckarel. Device. Argent, a dragon's head cabossed azure.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of James Edward de Marksburry, Argent, a dragon's head erased contourny azure breathing flames gules, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. There is a CD for the change of orientation of the dragon's head, but the flames are not large enough to count for difference.

Dominic de la Mer. Device. Argent, in saltire a peacock feather proper and a rose azure slipped and leaved vert, a bordure embattled purpure.

This device is returned for a redraw.

Blazoned on the LoI as a rose, commenters and proofreaders were unable to decide what this flower actually is. A rose would have the flower facing the viewer. The depicted flower is very close to the now-banned rose bud.

Additionally, the feather, blazoned on the LoI as a peacock feather proper is not recognizable as a peacock feather. Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submission requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance."

Elizabet Alfinnsdottir. Badge. (Fieldless) A bird migrant to chief sable charged with a Thor's hammer Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Beatrix von Köln, Per fess argent and gules, on a double-headed eagle sable nimbed maintaining a sword and a Latin cross elongated to base, a cross formy Or. There is a single CD for the fieldlessness of the design. There is no heraldic difference between migrant to chief and displayed, nor is there any difference between a raven and an eagle in this posture. As a bird is not simple enough to void, it is not a suitable charge under section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submission thus changing the type only of the tertiary charge is not sufficient for a CD.

This badge is also returned for conflict with the device of Haakon Redbeard, Argent, a raven displayed with wings inverted proper, on its breast an inverted tau cross Or. There is a single CD for fieldlessness. There is not a CD between ravens and eagles when either of them is in a posture not used for that type of bird in period armory. The bird in this submission lacks the identifying features of a raven, so it is a generic bird. Since the outline of a bird is not simple, there is not a CD for the change of only the type of the tertiary charge under section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submission. Since a Thor's hammer is depicted inverted by default, there is only a a type change between the Thor's hammer and the tau cross inverted, not an orientation change, and therefore there is not a CD under section X.4.j.i of the Rules for Submission.

Giuliana Francesca Bellini. Device. Per saltire vert and sable, on a saltire Or a fox courant regardant proper bearing in its mouth a torteau.

This device is returned for conflict with the flag of Jamaica, Per saltire vert and sable, a saltire Or, with a single CD for the addition of the tertiary charge.

Marceau de Valcourt. Badge. Sable, semy of dumbeks Or, two women vested statant respectant maintaining between them a brazier argent flammant proper, on a chief Or three cups purpure.

This badge is returned for multiple reasons.

First, the badge has a complexity count of eleven, with five tinctures (sable, Or, argent, gules, purpure) and six types of charge (dumbeck, brazier, flame, person, chief, cup). The badge is, therefore, returned for far exceeding our complexity limit of eight. While we will waive this limit for armory closely resembling period armory, such as Tudor arms, this badge does not meet that requirement.

Second, it is returned because the semy of charges on the field are not recognizable. It is not possible to tell if the depicted charges are drums or chalices/goblets. This problem causes the submission to violate section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submission, which says "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance"

Finally, it is returned for violating the "sword and dagger" rule. As ruled in the March 2007 LoAR:

While it is acceptable to use the same charge as both a primary (or secondary) charge and a tertiary charge, using a similar charge is not acceptable for exactly the reasons discussed in the September 1993 Cover Letter. We hereby overturn the February 2003 precedent and restore the September 1993 precedent. Due to the armorial identification problems caused by using similar but not identical charges in two different charge groups, this practice is no longer allowed. The use of identical charges as both a primary (or secondary) charge and a tertiary charge is allowed. [Desiderata Drake, March 2007, R-Æthelmearc]

The dumbecks on the field and the chalices on the chief are too similar in appearance, though not identical, and thus violate this rule.

Meadhbh ni Dhubhthaigh. Badge. Sable, a tankard Or foamed argent and in chief five gouts in arch Or.

This badge is returned for violating our ban on having charges in arch. This practice is disallowed by precedent: "This device must be returned for using an arch of charges, a practice long forbidden in SCA heraldry." [01/2005 Atlantia R-Timothy of Shaftesbury].

Morgan Donner. Device. Azure ermined argent, a thorn vine palewise argent.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability of the primary charge. There is nothing that makes this wavy line inherently a thorn vine. Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submission requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." This charge is not recognizable.

Please advise the submitter that, on resubmission, care should be taken to draw the emblazon in such a fashion that it is not a visual conflict with Atenveldt's badge for its College of Bards, Azure, a leaved branch palewise argent. While there is a CD for the tincture of the field, and likely a CD for the embowing counter-embowing of the thorn vine, there is precedent that implies that there may be a conflict:

[Or, a vine palewise embowed issuant from base vert within a bordure purpure] This device conflicts with Armando Ramos el Caido, Or, a branch blasted bendwise sinister vert within a bordure purpure. While there are technically CDs for both type and orientation between a palewise vine and a bendwise sinister branch, the embowing of Ivetta's vine and the fact that it is drawn in such a way as to resemble the branches of period heraldic trees together create an impression of overwhelming visual similarity between the two devices and require a return under RfS X.5.

The submitter should note that several commenters mentioned that the unusual depiction of the ermine spots in Morgan's device caused them to appear to be leaves, which would add to the visual similarity.

Postumus Octavius Gallus. Device. Per bend Or and sable, a rooster contourny gules.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Frederick Sebastian Valentine, Quarterly lozengy purpure and argent, and argent, a cock close contourny, sinister claw raised, gules, with only one CD for the change in field.

Rhodri Longshanks. Badge. Counterermine, a double tressure surmounted by six roundels Or.

This badge is returned for presumption. Unfortunately, this depiction of lines surmounted by roundels is a period stylization for chain, seen frequently in the arms of Navarre both during and post period. An example of a period depiction can be seen at http://personales.ya.com/ayerbe/Vidaurre.jpg. Since a closed loop of chain is a charge reserved to the members of the Order of Chivalry, and no evidence was presented that Rhodri is a member of that order, we must return this submission.

Rüdiger Seraphin. Device. Per bend sinister vert and sable, in dexter chief a ram-horned boar's head erased argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Walter of Minstead, (Fieldless) A boar's head couped close argent. There is a single CD for the fielded design compared with a fieldless badge, but we do not grant a CD for placement against a fieldless badge. The second CD must, therefore, come from the addition of the horns, and the horns are not large enough to count for difference.

Please inform the submitter that commenters suggested that this depiction of a ram-horned boar's head might be unrecognizable as being a boar's head, since the differences between a boar and a ram, other than the horns, are minimal.

Santiago Ramirez de Calatrava. Device. Lozengy vert and Or, a Continental panther rampant argent spotted of diverse tinctures, incensed azure and maintaining a Latin cross fitchy gules.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability. Due to the extremely pale tinctures used to color this submission and the complexity of the field, the outline of the creature is lost in the field, rendering the primary charge unidentifiable.

It is also returned for blurring the distinction between an English and a Continental panther. The Continental panther is frequently horned, has eagle's forefeet, and often has a long neck. The English panther is a maneless lion (ounce) which is incensed and spotted of various tinctures. The outline of the monster in this submission is that of a Continental panther, however, the spots are a feature found only on English panthers. The use of multicolored spots on the body of a Continental panther blurs the distinction between the two types of monster. Since the difference between the two is a significant difference, worth a CD, and not merely an artistic difference, blurring the distinction between English and Continental panthers is not acceptable.

On resubmission, the submitter should take care to avoid conflict with Styria (important non-SCA arms), Vert, a Continental panther rampant argent incensed proper. There is currently a CD for the change of tincture of the field. There is no difference granted for the presence of the cross in this emblazon, since it is small enough that it is considered maintained. Removing the spots from the current submission to make it clearly a Continental panther would create a design in conflict with Styria.

Please instruct the client that the correct depiction of a cross fitchy would have the lower limb replaced by a spike which slopes constantly for the entire length, not with the very end sharpened like a pencil.

Victoria of the Vales of Barnsdale. Augmentation. Or, an insect-winged naked woman passant, wings chased, azure, and as an augmentation on a canton azure a sun in glory and in chief a coronet Or.

Since we require the form of the augmentation to be free from conflict, as well as the entire design, this device is returned for conflict. The augmentation is in conflict with the device of Wendryn Townsend, Azure, a sun in glory Or There is a single CD for the addition of the coronet. The augmentation also conflicts with the device of Paul of Sunriver, Azure, a compass star Or. There is a single CD for the addition of the coronet, but nothing for the difference between a sun and a multi-pointed mullet.

ATLANTIA

Hroði Hrólfsson. Name.

This conflicts with Hrothgar Hrolfsson, since Hroði is a diminutive of Hrothgar (and other names beginning Hroth- or Hroð-). RfS V.1.a.i says that "Irrespective of differences in sound and appearance, a given name is not significantly different from any of its diminutives when they are used as given names". Thus, these names conflict.

Talitha of Avalon. Name.

The byname of Avalon violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining English of with French Avalon in the same phrase. We would change the byname to the wholly French form d'Avalon, which occurs once in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Names in the 1292 Census of Paris, but changing the language of an element is a major change, which the submitter does not allow.

CAID

Angus Storm. Badge. (Fieldless) A wood chisel, blade to base, argent.

This badge is returned for administrative reasons. The submitted emblazon depicted on OSCAR had the chisel with the blade to chief. The actual form depicts the chisel with the blade to base. This violates section V.B.2.e of the Administrative Handbook, which requires that "An accurate representation of each piece of submitted armory shall be included on the letter of intent."

Aoíbheall an Gearr. Name.

Aoíbheall was documented on the LoI as a secondary header spelling in Ó Corráin & Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Aíbell. The spelling Aoíbheall appears after the colon, which according to OC&M's conventions means that it is a Modern Irish form. We do not register Modern Irish forms of Gaelic names unless these forms are identical to their Early Modern Irish forms, and no such evidence was provided that this is the case here. More problematically, the entry in OC&M gives no examples of the name outside of legend. Precedent says:

No evidence was presented and none was found that the name Ciarnait was used outside of legend. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable. [...] [Ciarnait inghean Dhonngaile, 03/2003, R-An Tir]

Lacking evidence that the name was used outside of legend, neither Aíbell nor Aoíbheall is registerable. Because this name does not have a registerable given name, we must return it.

Additionally, while not a reason for return on its own, the byname is not grammatically correct. There are examples of Gearr 'short' being used as a byname, in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals", but they do not take the definite article an. When used in a woman's name the byname needs to be lenited, e.g., Ghearr.

Eva filia Edeneweyn. Device. Per pale purpure and argent, a moon in her plenitude argent and a crow statant to sinister regardant sable gorged of a chain with an escallop pendant there from Or, a chief embattled pean.

This device is returned for being excessively complex. With five tinctures (purpure, argent, sable, Or, pean) and five types of charge (moon, crow, escallop, chain, chief), this device has a complexity count of ten, which exceeds our rule-of-thumb limit of eight. As this does not closely resemble period heraldry, the rule-of-thumb will not be waived.

Commenters asked whether the chief removes the appearance of impaling. The answer is that, by precedent, it does. Those interested in the full ruling should see the acceptance of the device of Antonia Stefani, under Caid on the January 2008 LoAR, which we will not quote here in full as this device is being returned for other reasons.

DRACHENWALD

None.

EAST

Brigitte Flamin. Name and device. Per bend rayonny azure and Or, a wooden staff bendwise sinister proper enflamed of a sun Or.

Conflict with Bridget Fleming. The given names are variants of each other, and are not significantly different in sound and appearance. The bynames are also not significantly different in sound or appearance.

This device is returned for violating section VII.7.b of the Rules for Submission, which requires that "Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon." The term enflamed refers only to actual flames. Neither the submitter nor commenters could provide a blazon that would reliably reproduce the emblazon, which has the sun behind and centered on the upper tip of the staff.

Finnghuala Rowan. Device. Per bend sinister gules and sable, a dog passant argent spotted sable between in bend two hearts ermine.

This is returned for unrecognizability. The ermine treatment of the hearts is too close to the spotted treatment of the dog; submitters were unable to distinguish between them at a distance. The Rules for Submission, section VIII.3, requires that "[e]lements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability." That is not the case in this submission.

Irayari Vairavi. Badge. (Fieldless) On a lotus blossom affronty argent, a trident's head sable.

This badge is returned for conflict with Drachenwald's badge (Fieldless) An edelweiss argent charged with a dragon's head couped sable. There is a CD for fieldlessness, but no difference is granted between an edelweiss and a lotus blossom affronty, nor is there difference for changing only the type of the tertiary charge, since flowers are not suitable charges for purposes of section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submission.

István Nyiregyhazi. Device. Per chevron ployé throughout Or and sable, two cinquefoils gules slipped and leaved vert and an alquerque board Or.

We apologize to the submitter for the lack of clarity of the previous return. The reason for the 'unmistakable impression of three co-primary charges' was that the charges were on either side of a line of division. Charges on either side of a line of division have long been held to be co-primary, regardless of their size. Precedent says "As two types of charges lying on either side of a line of division, this is four co-primary charges, not a primary and three secondary charges." [Ia ingen Áeda, October 2008, R-Northshield] The same situation applies here: the flowers and the board are co-primary. Therefore, this device is still in conflict with that of Sine Ealasaid Leanora Kyntire, Per chevron Or and sable, two roses gules, barbed and seeded proper, and a cup Or, with a single CD for changing the cup to a delf with internal detailing.

Please instruct the submitter that, should he resubmit with an alquerque board, the marks on the board should be drawn more boldly, since they are the markings that make it identifiable as an alquerque board. As the defining instance of an alquerque board in Society armory, the charge should be drawn to match the period documentation.

GLEANN ABHANN

Gwenllian verch Rhys de G{w^}yr. Name.

This is returned for lack of documentation for the place name G{w^}yr. G{w^}yr was documented as the modern Welsh city. No evidence was provided that this city either existed in period or that, if it did, it was called G{w^}yr in Welsh. Owen & Morgan, Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales, cross-references G{w^}yr to the entry for Gowerton. In that entry, they say:

Gower/G{w^}yr was originally the name of an extensive commote (of which the peninsula was only a part) whose general shape was curved; others have argued that the distinctive hook-like shape of the peninsula gave its name to the commote. An earlier name was Gwter Felen (gwter 'gutter, channel, ditch', melyn fem. melen 'yellow, discolored').

Unfortunately, there are no Welsh forms in the entry which are dated before the beginning of the 19th century. Johnston, Place-Names of England and Wales, s.n. Gower has only English examples: <Guir> a810, <Goer> c.1188, and <Goher> 1095. The Annales Cambriae (http://books.google.com/books?id=L2IpAAAAYAAJ&vq) has a number of Latin-context examples, including Gower 1216, Goher c.1090, Goer 1214, Gouhir and 1189. We would change the byname to one of these forms, but changing the language of an element is a major change, which the submitter does not allow.

In resubmission, please advise the submitter that, as ruled on the April 2009 Cover Letter, Gruffudd is no longer acceptable as the sole source of documentation for a name element.

Her armory has been registered under the holding name Gwenllian of Axemoor.

Jehanne Darc de la Coste. Household name Maison des Mer Nord.

The name was intended to mean "house by the northern sea", but no documentation was provided that des Mer Nord means "by the northern sea". Blue Tyger comments:

des indicates plural and should be followed by a plural form. Mer Nord is not a plural form. Mer Nord doesn't translate to Northern sea but by Sea North (incorrect grammatical structure). The closest to the meaning interesting the submitter would be Maison de la Mer du Nord.

However, we cannot change the name to the grammatically correct form, because there is a conflict. Mer du Nord is the French name of the North Sea, which is important enough to protect from conflict. Since the designator Maison de la does not contribute any difference, the household name Maison de la Mer du Nord conflicts with Mer du Nord.

LAUREL

None.

LOCHAC

Rowany, Barony of. Badge. (Fieldless) A fasces argent.

This badge is returned for conflict with the arms of the Swiss Canton of St. Galen, Vert, a fasces argent. The canton was a sovereign state in period, and we have protected their arms elsewhere in this letter. Arms of sovereign states are protected even if they do not appear in the Ordinary and Armorial, though we do add them when we take notice.

MERIDIES

None.

MIDDLE

Alf of the High Mountain. Device. Azure, two cartouches voided and interlaced in cross argent.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Dante Madraso de Castilla, (Fieldless) Two cartouches voided and interlaced in cross argent. There is a single CD for fieldlessness.

It is also returned for visual conflict under section X.5 of the Rules for Submission, against the badge of Eilis ni Roibeard O'Boirne, (Tinctureless) A quatrefoil knot..

Since there are other conflicts, we do not need to rule on whether there is visual conflict with the flag of Greece, Azure, a cross argent, but the submitter should be aware of that possible visual conflict on resubmission.

Reyna Thorne. Device. Gyronny arrondi sable and argent, a mullet of eight points counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Anna af Aarnimetsä, Gyronny sable and argent, a mullet counterchanged. There is a single CD for the difference between a mullet of five points and a mullet of eight points, but no difference between gyronny and gyronny arrondi.

The submitter provided an email from Anna that contains the text of a permission to conflict, but it is unsigned. Section III.C.3 of the Admin Handbook requires "The physical signature (or a facsimile thereof) of the owner is required for a letter of permission to conflict to be accepted." Since there is no signature, this permission is invalid.

The permission letter from Anna also contains conditions stating that the permission is contingent on Reyna granting permission to conflict for a future change of Anna's badge. We routinely do not accept such conditions in the granting of permission for conflict, so the letter would be invalid for this reason, except that the proposed change to Anna's badge would be clear of Reyna's device and, therefore, would not need this permission. Submitters and submissions heralds, however, should remember that such limitations or contingencies on permission are not acceptable.

In addition, the submitted device conflicts with the device for Endymion Meilichos, Gyronny sable and argent, a mullet of eight points between eight others in annulo all counterchanged. There is a single CD for changing the number of mullets.

Please instruct the submitter that, on resubmission, the mullet should be in a blazonable position.

NORTHSHIELD

Cera de Shetland. Device. Vert, an astrolabe Or, in chief two zephyrs respectant argent, a base wavy barry wavy argent and purpure.

This device is returned for a redraw. The astrolabe is missing its backplate. An astrolabe should be a single solid tincture: the field should not show through. Heralds are reminded that we do not grant difference between an astrolabe and a roundel.

OUTLANDS

Caerthe, Barony of. Order name Order of the Cordon of Honor.

This order name is presumptuous of the Napoleonic Legion d'honneur, which is still given out today. Siren explains:

<Cordon> clearly means "A ribbon, usually worn scarfwise, as part of the insignia of a knightly order." "grand cordon: that distinguishing the highest class or grade of such an order." This is from the documentation that the submitters themselves give; it's the OED definition 6. So, basically this order name means "Ribbon (or order insignia) of Honor" where "Legion of Honor" is a mundane knightly order that still exists. So, I don't think we can just dismiss the possible presumption.

We would drop the modifier of Honor in order to register the name, since Cordon, by itself, does not presume upon the Legion d'honneur or any other knightly order, but the submitters do not allow major changes.

Domin d'Alsace. Device. Quarterly vert and gules, a tree issuant from a stump couped Or.

This device conflicts with that of Brianne Hyla, Per chevron Or and vert, in base a maple tree couped Or. There is a single CD for the changes to the field, but Brianne's tree is forced to base therefore there is not a CD for position. Prior precedent has stated "Brianne's tree is a 'maple' due only to artistic detailing, it is otherwise identical to a generic tree" (Gregor MacDonald and Petronel Harlakenden, 10/2008), thus there is no difference for the type of tree. The tree issuing from the stump is blazonable, but does not count for difference against another tree, just as a tree couped is not a CD from a tree eradicated.

The submitted device is also in conflict with Della Rovere, Dukes of Urbino (important non-SCA arms), Azure, an oak tree eradicated its four branches knotted in saltire Or. There is a CD for changes to the field, but by precedent (q.v. Gregor MacDonald and Petronel Harlakenden, 10/2008), the nowing of the branches is not worth a CD.

Llywus ap Alan. Badge. (Fieldless) A natural panther sejant sable maintaining a lit candle in a sconce Or.

This is returned for conflict with the device of Gilles of Lennox, Or, a domestic cat sejant, paw extended sable. There is a single CD for fieldlessness, but nothing for the maintained charge.

Tòmas Teàrlach Fraser. Badge. Argent, a sea-lion erect contourny reguardant gules.

This badge is returned for a redraw due to lack of identifiability of the sea-lion. Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submission, Identification Requirement, states that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." This depiction of a sea-lion does is drawn in a non-standard fashion with a very oddly shaped tail and dorsal fin. The submitter did not present, and commenters were unable to find, documentation showing that the submitted artwork resembles period depictions of sea-lions. Barring such documentation, this representation must be returned for lack of identifiability.

Properly drawn, this badge would not conflict with the device of Padraic Finbar O'Leary, Argent, a winged sea-lion erect contourny gules sustaining a tau cross bendwise sinister sable distilling three gouttes de sang, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. There is a CD for the removal of the wings and a CD for the removal of the co-primary tau cross.

TRIMARIS

Caitriona inghean Loinsigh. Name.

The byname inghean Loinsigh is not correctly formed. The root name on which the byname is based has not been found as a given name later than 1066. This places it in the Middle Irish era. The Middle Irish form of the root name, Loingsech, becomes Loingsig, not Loingsigh, in the genitive (possessive) case. Because the given name is not found in a period appropriate for Early Modern Irish, it cannot be registered as a given name or a direct patronymic except in its Middle Irish form. Additionally, the combination of Early Modern Irish inghean with the correct form Loingsig violates RfS III.1.a, since Loingsig is Old or Middle Irish. We cannot correct the name to a registerable form since she allows no changes.

We note that the submitter previously submitted the name Caitriona Ni Loinsigh, which was returned in kingdom. We recommend that in resubmitting, she consider the name Caitriona inghean Ui Loingsigh, which is a correct Early Modern Irish form of Caitriona Ni Loinsigh. Caitriona is dated from 1360 in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals", and inghean Ui Loingsigh is the feminine form of Ó Loingsigh. Anglicized Irish forms of the clan byname Ó Loingsigh are dated to temp. Elizabeth I - James I in Woulfe, Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall, demonstrating that the Gaelic form of the byname was in use at this time.

Tomas mac Odhrain. Device. Per chevron azure and sable, a chevron raguly between two feathers 'bendwise sinister' and a halberd head argent.

This device is returned for multiple reasons.

First, it is returned because the complex edge treatment of the chevron is not identifiable, a violation of section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submission. Were it not for the prominent point, we would have likely blazoned this as a chevron bretessed, since the projections are very nearly perpendicular to the line of the chevron. With that projection, this is not blazonable as any style of complex edge treatment.

With a properly drawn chevron raguly, this device would conflict with the device of Roland Stewart, Per chevron azure and sable, a chevron raguly bretessed between three ram's heads caboshed argent. There is a single CD for change of type of secondary charges as the orientation of the secondary charges are not comparable.

The device is also returned because the feathers are not in a blazonable position. The feathers are aligned somewhere between fesswise, which would be horizontal, and bendwise sinister, which would be at an angle of approximately 45 degrees from horizontal.

WEST

Tama Katerina Evstokh'eva. Name reconsideration from Katerina Evstokh'eva.

According to the LoI,

This is an Appeal/Request for Reconsideration of Name. The submitter wishes to register <Tama Katerina Evstokh'eva> or <Tamara Katerina Evstokh'eva> or <Tamar Katerina Evstokh'eva>.

The name Tama Katerina Evstokh'eva was previously submitted and registered as Katerina Evstokh'eva in October 2004. The element Tama was dropped for lack of documentation:

Submitted as Tama Katerina Evstokh'eva, the name Tama is not formed according to documented Russian practice. Nebuly explains:

The addition of an -a will rarely create a feminized form in Slavic languages, and more often creates a masculine diminutive of a given name, e.g. Antip/Antipa, Dorosh/Dorosha (Dorofei), Kharko/Kharka (Khariton). For each pair of names, both forms are listed as masculine by Wickenden. I was able to pull all three of these example pairs from Wickenden in less than a minute by opening to random pages, which should show evidence that this pattern is common.

Adding an -a is only a general pattern of feminization in Slavic names in certain special cases where the root name is a standard old dithematic name, like Borislav, Borimir, Svetislav, Svetimir, etc. Of the three examples presented in the LoI, only one is of this type (Rostislav/Rostislava), and is legitimately a feminization. However, since the submission uses the proposed masculine root Tam, which is not a dithematic name in Russian, such examples do not apply toward justifying this submission. They represent a different specialized case.

According to the Admin Handbook, appeals of returned names and requests for reconsideration of registered names apply only to the originally submitted form of the name, and not alternates:

AH IV.E Right of Appeal - A submitter shall have the right to appeal any return to Laurel; to be treated as an appeal, the submission must be identical to the returned submission.

AH IV.F. Request for Reconsideration - A submitter may request reconsideration of changes made as a result of a request for authenticity or for registerability in a name submission. All requests must either: (a) be supported by new documentation supporting the original name as complying with the requested authenticity or registerability standards, (b) submit a request that the name be changed to a form based on information provided in Laurel's (or the kingdom's) decision, or (c) include a request that the original name be considered with no request for authenticity.

(Emphasis added).

If this is treated as a request for reconsideration, then only clause (a) of IV.F. is relevant. The only new documentation provided in support of the original name as complying with standards of registerability was: "wikipedia for Tama as a Hebrew name." This is not adequate documentation: It gives no evidence that Tama is a period feminine name from a culture which is compatible with Russian. Thus, we must deny the request for reconsideration.

If she wishes either of the alternative forms Tamara Katerina Evstokh'eva or Tamar Katerina Evstokh'eva to be considered, then this is no longer a request for reconsideration, but a name change. As a name change, fees need to be paid. Since no fees were paid, we cannot consider the alternate forms.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE January 2010 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

TRIMARIS

Konrad Reinhard. Device. Or, a reremouse sable within a bordure embattled vert.

This armory is pended for a discussion of whether we should return it against the insignia for Batman, Or, a reremouse sable. There has been at least one return against this device:

[Or, a reremouse displayed, head to sinister, sable and a chief embattled gules.] This conflicts with Batman, Or, a reremouse sable, which is a registered trademark of DC Comics. [Edmund of Rhuddlan, October 1998, R-Outlands]

The submission mentioned in that return has the same degree of difference from Batman's symbol as this submission does. However, there is the April 2006 registration of Or, a reremouse sable between six fleurs-de-lys gules to Angelique Doucette, which is also a CD away from Batman.

Please note that this pend is intended to be a discussion of whether Batman's insignia should be protected from conflict and placed in our Ordinary and Armorial. The trademark issue is no longer an issue under our rules, based on the premise that the use of the armory is very different than the marketing uses for a comic book character. Please see the discussion on the return of Rosa Maria di Calabria on the July 2005 LoAR for more information.

This was item 3 on the Trimaris letter of March 30, 2009.

- Explicit -