THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

ÆTHELMEARC

Ciar inghean Uí Chrotaigh. Device. Per pale wavy argent and azure, a fish naiant within an orle counterchanged.

Cormac Ainsheasccar mac Muiredaig. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, a bat counterchanged.

Listed on the LoI as Cormac Ainsheasccar mac Muireadhaigh, the name was originally submitted as Cormac Ainsheasccar mac Muiredaich and changed in kingdom so that the descriptive byname and the patronymic byname were linguistically and temporally compatible.

While we commend the kingdom's desire to promote authentic names, we note that the changes made in kingdom were not necessary for registration. While Muiredaich is not a correct genitive form of the Middle Irish name Muiredach, it is not necessary for registration to change the byname to the Early Modern Irish genitive form Muireadhaigh instead of the correct Middle Irish genitive Muiredaig. The submitter did not request authenticity, and the name is registerable with the first two elements in Early Modern Irish and the second byname in Middle Irish, with just one step from period practice for the lingual combination. We have changed the name to Cormac Ainsheasccar mac Muiredaig to restore it to a form closer to the originally submitted form.

Fredeburg von Katzenellenbogen. Badge. (Fieldless) A printer's ball Or.

Gabrielle Winter. Device. Per chevron sable and argent, a chevron azure between in dexter chief a mullet of four points argent and in base a fox passant reguardant gules.

Halima bint Da'ud al-`Attara. Name and device. Per pall inverted azure, sable, and argent, in base a hippogriff statant gules.

Submitted as Halima bint Da'ud al-Attarah, this name used two different transcriptions in the same name because the -a at the end of Halima and the -ah at the end of al-Attarah represent the same Arabic character. Additionally, the hamza was included in Da'ud while the ayn was omitted from al-Attarah. When registering a name, we require that a single transcription be used throughout the entire name. Therefore, we have changed this name to Halima bint Da'ud al-`Attara, to match the transcription system used for the given name and to consistently use ayn and hamza. We note that Halimah bint Daud al-Attarah is also registerable.

This device is clear of the device of Fiammetta Attavanti, Gyronny azure and Or, an opinicus statant gules. There is a CD for the changes to the field and a CD for the change of type of the primary charge. The field is not neutral, so the placement of the monster on Halima's device is forced, which is not worth a CD. Since the hippogriff is not a period charge, difference between a hippogriff and an opinicus must be determined visually. The opinicus has lion forequarters and hindquarters and the hippogriff has a horse's body with eagle's talons as the forelegs. Both have wings and the head of an eagle. Since the bodies are differently shaped, we will grant a CD between them. Therefore, the devices are clear.

Hrafn Haraldsson. Name change from Uesugi Kutarou Ietoyo (see RETURNS for device change).

His previous name, Uesugi Kutarou Ietoyo, is retained as an alternate name.

Jaqueline de Molieres. Name.

Katharine McClung. Device. Sable, on a bend sinister argent between two cogwheels Or a spear inverted sable.

This device is clear of the device of William of the Black Fletch, Sable, on a bend sinister argent between two bezants, an arrow sable. There is a CD for the change of type of secondary charges and a CD for the substantial change of type of the tertiary charge under Section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submissions.

Martyn Kinnish. Name.

Odette d'Arques. Device. Or, a chevron vert between two ram's heads erased respectant and a fleur-de-lys sable.

Ragnarr the Fierce. Name.

The byname the Fierce is a Lingua Anglica form of the Old Norse greypr. The submitter requested authenticity for 860AD Old Norse, but did not allow major changes. An authentic form of this name would be Ragnarr greypr, but as changing the language of an element is a major change, we are unable to change this name to Ragnarr greypr to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

Ruland Burckhart. Name and device. Quarterly purpure and sable, in bend two bulls rampant argent.

Sultana bint Mihail. Device. Gules, a chevron argent between two dumbeks Or and a nine man morris board argent marked sable.

Vigo da Napoli. Name and device. Or, a horse's head erased and in base a cinquedea fesswise sable.

AN TIR

Anastasia Komnene. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Byzantine. This is an excellent name for that period.

Andrew Crowe and Rose Atherton. Joint badge. Argent, in pale three ravens volant to sinister sable, a tierce azure.

Please advise the submitters that the birds should be centered in the argent portion of the design.

Andronikos Belisariou. Name change from Marcus Andronicus.

His previous name, Marcus Andronicus, is retained as an alternate name.

Brynný Loðinsdóttir of Axewater. Device. Quarterly gules and azure, an axe bendwise sinister reversed argent and in canton a mullet Or.

Caitrina inghean Aindriasa. Badge change. (Fieldless) Eight thistles conjoined in annulo stems to center proper.

Her previous badge, Argent, eight thistles in annulo stems to center proper, is released.

Cara da Fortuna. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Fionnghuala ingen Chellaig. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Fionnghuala inghean Cheallaigh, the name was originally submitted as Fionnghuala ingen Cellaig and changed in kingdom to add the required lenition to the byname and to make the byname linguistically compatible with the given name. However, not all of these changes were necessary in order to make the name registerable. The byname ingen Cellaig does indeed need to have lenition added to the patronym, i.e., ingen Chellaig, but the submitter did not request authenticity. Therefore, the byname did not have to be changed from the Middle Irish form to the Early Modern Irish form. We have changed the name to Fionnghuala ingen Chellaig to restore it to a form closer to the originally submitted form.

This name combines Early Modern Irish and Middle Irish, which is a step from period practice.

Lothar filius Adalberti. Device. Quarterly arrondi argent and purpure, two trefoils in bend sinister Or.

This device is clear of the device of Gillian Brampton, Per bend sinister gules and vert, two trefoils Or. Precedent says:

[Quarterly argent and sable, in bend two cinquefoils gules] This is clear of Christiana dello Falco: Quarterly sable and argent, in bend sinister, two roses proper. There is one CD for the field and one CD for the arrangement of the primary charges. There was some concern raised in commentary that the position of the charges was forced by the field, but in this case the change in arrangement is still worth a CD. To paraphrase Boke and Black/Golden Pillar (the latter is the same person with a title change in between comment dates): The placement of the roses or the foils in both this device and the proposed conflict is not forced, since the field is neutral and the charges could have appeared anywhere except wholly on the sable parts. This circumstance is sufficient to allow a CD for the change in arrangement. [Ysabella de Montrose, LoAR 07/2004, A-Lochac]

Similarly, the placement of the trefoils is not forced here, as they could appear anywhere on either field except wholly on the argent portions of Lothar's device.

Monette Corbeau D'Anjou. Name.

Morgan Ó Síodhacháin. Name and device. Argent, a bird rising sable and on a chief rayonny azure three mullets of seven points argent.

Listed on the LoI as Morgan O Sheahan, the name was originally submitted as Morgan O'Siodhachain, and changed in kingdom because O'Siodhachain violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining English O' with Gaelic Siodhachain. The LoI notes that the submitter prefers Morgan Ò Siodhachain if possible.

The spelling Ò Siodhachain is not correct; Early Modern Irish Gaelic does not use the grave accent in this way. The correct form is Ó Síodhacháin, with an acute accent. As we will register Gaelic names with or without accents, so long as they are used or omitted consistently, the form O Siodhachain is also registerable.

We have changed the name to Morgan O Siodhachain in order to register this name and to give the submitter a form as close to his submitted spelling as possible.

This name combines English and Gaelic, which is a step from period practice.

Please inform the submitter that the mullets should be drawn larger, to better fill the available space.

Owen Hallehyne. Device. Per pale argent and sable, a sinister wing and a dexter wing counterchanged.

This device is clear of the device of Osric de Wolf, Per pale argent and sable, a pithon displayed wings inverted counterchanged, under Section X.2 of the Rules for Submissions. Commenters asked if there was visual conflict under RfS X.5 between the two designs. There is not: Osric's pithon is visually distinct from a pair of wings.

Randolph of Sussex. Alternate name Jan Caterin of Wykham Market.

This name combines Dutch and English, which is a step from period practice.

Renée de Josselin. Name and device. Argent, a horse courant contourny sable and a bordure gules.

Sara de Bonneville. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Argent semy-de-lys sable, on a dance vert a fox courant argent.

Symonne La Merciere. Name and device. Per bend argent and Or, a talbot sejant gules and a bordure sable.

Listed on the LoI as Symonne la Merciere, the name was originally submitted as Symonne La Merciere and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. Siren provides support for the originally submitted form:

[T]he byname <La Merciere> is found in Aryanhwy's "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, & 1438" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/french/paris1423.html).

Given this citation, we have restored the name to the originally submitted form.

Tir Rígh, Principality of. Order name Order of the Blue Lily.

Tir Rígh, Principality of. Order name Order of the Blue Spear.

Tir Rígh, Principality of. Order name Order of the Guardians of Tir Rígh.

The submitters have permission to conflict with the Order of the Guardians of Atenveldt.

Tir Rígh, Principality of. Order name Order of the Silver Talon and badge. (Fieldless) In pale a bird's foot couped argent sustaining a hurt.

Tomas de Courcy. Name and device. Ermine, on a pale endorsed vert three roundels argent.

Excellent 13th C French name!

ANSTEORRA

Alfonso Luis Texen de Saldañas. Name change from Jovianus Skleros and device. Gules, a bend engouled of two lion's heads Or.

His previous name, Jovianus Skleros, is released.

The submitter has permission to conflict with the device of Illuminada Eugenia de Guadalupe y Godoy, Sable, a bend engouled of two wolf's heads Or.

Commenters called conflict with the real-world Banda Real de Castilla, the personal standard of the king of Castille, blazoned as Gules, a bend engouled of either dragons or wolves Or. It appears to have been in use for over two centuries, and was revived by Francisco Franco. However, it is not the personal armory of a ruler. We have not historically protected the standards of royals, only their armory and their national flags. We decline to protect the Banda Real de Castilla at this time.

Angelina Falconis. Name.

Beatrix Alfray. Name and device. Quarterly gules and Or, a sun in its splendor counterchanged.

This device is clear of the device of Gareth Ivinghoe, Per saltire gules and Or, a sun counterchanged. Section X.4.d of the Rules for Submissions says "Changing the tinctures or division of any group of charges placed directly on the field, including strewn charges or charges overall, is one clear difference." Therefore, there is a CD for the change of the line of division of the field and a CD for the change of line of division on the primary charge.

Caitríona inghean Uí Mháille. Name.

Garbhan Kepler. Badge. (Fieldless) Within and feet conjoined to a screw press Or a brown weasel statant erect contourny proper.

Garbhan Kepler. Badge. (Fieldless) A dance couped azure, overall a fox's mask argent.

Gillian of the Eldern Hills. Name.

The byname is based on the Barony of the Eldern Hills, a registered SCA branch name.

Giuliana Falconi. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and argent, a pair of cat's eyes Or and another pair azure.

Listed on the LoI as Giuliani Falconi, a timely correction was issued changing the name to Giuliana Falconi.

Griffin de Willingeham. Name.

Hellsgate, Stronghold of. Acceptance of household name transfer Company of Hellsgate from Ioannes Dalassenos as branch name.

This transfer is effectively a two step transfer. Ioannes is transferring the household name to the stronghold, and the stronghold is receiving it as a household name and changing it to a branch name. These two actions have to be executed as one item on an LoAR because a branch name is required in order to register an item.

Transferring a household name from an individual to a branch acts as any other transfer: it preserves the name in its original form. This standard is applicable for any individual wishing to transfer a household name to a branch. As an example, if an individual had registered Cross and Dagger Tavern as a household name and wished to transfer that household name to their branch Shire of [X], the shire could receive it as a household name and use it as a household name.

However, household names and branch names often follow different construction models. Therefore, not all household names registered to a branch are eligible to be changed to a branch name. The Grandfather Clause allows new registration of a previously registered element so long as there is no rules violation that was not present in the previous registration.

A construction which is perfectly fine for a household name, such as a tavern name like Cross and Dagger Tavern, has to be examined to see whether that construction is plausible for a branch name. In the example of Cross and Dagger Tavern, lacking evidence that a name such as Shire of Cross and Dagger follows a "pattern of a period place-name" as required by RfS III.2.b.i, it would not be transferable from a household name to a branch name. (While a tavern is a place, it is a building, not a town, village, city, country, region, etc. as meant by RfS III.2.b.i.)

In this case, Hellsgate was documented as an English place name when registered in the household name Company of Hellsgate. Because an English place name is also an acceptable model for a branch name, we may transfer this household name to the group as a branch name, changing the designator to the specified branch designator in the process. As an aside, the documentation used to register Hellsgate as a placename in Company of Hellsgate, is sufficient that this company name would be registerable today. So, while the Grandfather Clause is applicable in this situation, it is also not strictly necessary.

Ibrahim al-Katib. Name.

Ioannes Dalassenos. Badge. (Fieldless) On a double-headed eagle Or a tower gules.

Ioannes has permission to conflict with Fevronia Murometsa, Azure, on the breast of an owl displayed Or, a Russian Orthodox cross gules.

Ioannes Dalassenos. Transfer of household name Company of Hellsgate to Stronghold of Hellsgate.

Janis Elaine L'Orfevre. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Janis Elaine L'Orfèvre, this name was submitted as Janis Elaine le Orfevre and the submitter requested a French form of the byname.

Janis was documented as the submitter's legal given name. Edelweiss provides examples of Janis in Scottish records in our period:

Janis Croyme baptized 26th December 1574, St. Nicholas, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire

Janis Dauidson baptized 14th June 1576, St. Nicholas, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire

Janis Donaldson baptized 2nd June 1583, St. Nicholas, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire

Janis Forbes baptized 17th November 1575, St. Nicholas, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire

Janis Gray baptized 27th August, St. Nicholas, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire

It is not clear whether these are masculine or feminine examples, but they show that Janis is registerable independent of the legal name allowance. In addition, Pelican Emeritis found an example of Janis dated to 1549 in Extracts from the Council register of the Burgh of Aberdeen, Volume 1 (in Google books). This example has Janis in a context that is unquestionably female, supporting Janis appearing at least occasionally as a feminine name in Scots.

The commenters found French forms of the byname in Aryanhwy merch Catmael's "Late Period French Surnames (used by women)" which dates L'Orfèvre to 1545, 1560, and 1567 and Lorfévre to 1537, 1546, 1549, 1551, and 1573; and in Aryanhwy merch Catmael's "French Surnames from Paris" which dates L'Orfevre to 1421, 1438. Of these, L'Orfevre is closest to the form listed on the submitter's membership card, a copy of which was included with her submission. Therefore, we are changing the byname to this form as it seems to be the closest French form to the form she is currently using.

Julian de Clare. Name.

Katherine Marie Yvonne Jetté. Reblazon of badge for House Etana. Argent, an eagle volant contourny, wings displayed, ridden by a maintained demi-woman contourny with sinister arm raised and holding a lit torch sable, a bordure azure.

Blazoned when registered as Argent, an eagle counter-volant bearing upon its back a woman counter-sejant, sinister arm upraised maintaining a flaming torch, all sable, within a bordure azure, we are reblazoning it to use current blazon terms and to clarify the relative size of the charges.

Marcus Cassius Lupus. Name and device. Azure, in cross a wolf's head cabossed Or between four dolphins in annulo argent.

Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada. Badge. (Fieldless) A saltire formy argent.

A Letter of Permission to Conflict was provided from Myfanwy ferch Ely, Quarterly purpure and vert, a saltire couped argent. This permission was not necessary. Between the two badges, there is a CD for fieldlessness and a CD for the change of type of primary charge. A saltire couped is significantly different from a saltire formy.

Robert de Bray. Name.

Roesia Sorweles. Device. Sable fretty, on a chief embattled argent three roses gules.

Rose atte Wode. Device. Sable, an oak tree couped and on a chief Or three roses proper.

Seraphinowa Maslowska. Name and device. Gules, a Latin cross clechy Or, overall a rose argent barbed and seeded proper.

Submitted as Seraphina Maslowska, insufficient evidence was found to support Seraphina as a Polish feminine given name in period. While Seraphin was documented as a masculine given name in Polish, a pattern of creating feminine names by adding an -a to the end of a masculine name was not documented for this language.

Seraphina was also documented as a modern form of an Italian saint who lived in the 13th C. No evidence was provided to show what a period form of this saint's name would be. Additionally, a name combining Italian and Polish is not registerable.

The commenters found that Serafina is a plausible Russian feminine given name in our period based on a documented pattern of forming Russian feminine forms from Russian masculine names by adding -a to the end of the masculine name, combined with the name Serafin Pietryzkowski dated to 1560 in Paul Wickenden's Dictionary of Period Russian Names (3rd ed.) s.n. Serafin.

The name Serafina Maslowska would be registerable with a single step from period practice for combining Russian and Polish. However, the submitter does not allow major changes, such as changing the language of an element.

Eastern Crown found examples of Polish feminine names that were formed by using an -owa ending with a masculine name in Zofia Abramowicz, Lila Citko, and Leonarda Dacewicz, S{l/}ownik Historycznych Nazw Osobowych Bia{l/}ostocczyzny (XV-XVII w.), vol. 2. These examples include: Pawe{l/}owa 1551 and Pawllowa 1571 (from the masculine Pawe{l/}); Piotrowa, 1551, 1571, 1640-1 (from the masculine Piotr); Piechowa, 1551 (from the masculine Piech); Pie{c'}kowa, 1571 (from the masculine Pie{c'}ko); and Szymonowa, 1558 (from the masculine Szymon).

Based on these examples, and the documented use of Seraphin as a masculine given name in Polish, Seraphinowa is a reasonable Polish feminine given name in late period. We have changed the name to this form in order to register this name.

Slaine inghean Chuilinn. Name.

Swetelove Twyssoday. Name and device. Or semy of hearts, two pomegranates and a sun in its splendor gules.

There was some question whether Swetelove was used as a given name in period or only as a byname. Edelweiss found:

Swetlove Astley baptized 3rd June 1599, Leigh, Lancashire
Sweetlove Astley married Anne Gueste, 8th October 1629, Leigh, Lancashire

In addition to these clear examples of forms of Swetelove as a given name, he also found "Swetelove d. of Sharples 10 Jul 1629" in the Bolton burial register. In this case, we cannot be certain whether Swetelove is used in this instance as a given name or a byname. However, it does support the spelling Swetelove as a plausible variant at the end of our period when taken in conjunction with the two instances listed above.

ATENVELDT

Aleyd Czypsser. Name and device. Ermine, in dexter chief a phoenix gules.

The submitter requested authenticity for 14th-15th C. Slovakian Germany. The name is an excellent name for 14th C Germany. Unfortunately, due to lack of resources, we were unable to confirm that it is authentic for "Slovakian Germany" in this period.

There were some calls to return this for conflict against Brittany, Ermine. Precedent says:

[Gules, in dexter chief a fret couped argent] This also does not conflict with ... Per saltire gules and pean, a fret argent. There is one CD for the change to the field and another for the unforced move of the primary charge to dexter chief. This also does not conflict with John Thorn, Gules, a chief embattled argent. The fret here is a primary charge in a non-central position on the field. John's armory has no primary charge. Addition of a primary charge is sufficient difference by X.1. [Ané{zv}ka z Ro{zv}mitála, 11/2001, A-Ansteorra]

Examination of Ané{zv}ka's device shows that her fret is smaller than the phoenix in Aleyd's device. The phoenix, therefore, is a primary charge in a non-central position on the field. This is clear of Brittany by X.1.

Barberella le Rede. Name and device. Quarterly per fess wavy argent and azure.

As the given name is dated to c. 1210 and the byname to 1220, this is an excellent early 13th C English name.

Please inform the submitter that the tick marks should be aligned with the center of the per fess wavy line, not the bottom.

Francesca Marchesi. Badge. Purpure, a natural seahorse and in chief three mullets, a bordure Or.

Isabella Ponce. Name and device. Quarterly vert and sable, on a cross Or between four gouttes argent, a leaf vert.

This name combines English and Spanish or Italian and Spanish, either of which is a step from period practice. A wholly Spanish form of the name is Isabel Ponce.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the gouttes and the leaf larger, to better fill the available space.

Lora of the Four Paws. Name.

Submitted as Lora of_Four Paws, the submitter requested authenticity for the 14th century and indicated that the spelling of the name was most important.

The byname was submitted as being based on an English sign name. However, while the LoI noted foote as being used in the sign name Eagles foote (dated to 1485-1600), no evidence was found that a form of paw would have been used in the same way. Since sign names tended toward using simple terms, this lack of evidence is an issue.

Happily, since the spelling is most important to the submitter, the commenters found support for Paw as a byname in period, but as a word referring to a peacock. Given the commonness of the term paw (a standard Middle English term meaning 'peacock') in period, a sign name of Four Paws (meaning 'four peacocks') is plausible for late period.

As the examples found for bynames based on sign names include elements meaning 'the', we have changed the byname to of the Four Paws in order to register this name.

Marceau de Valcourt. Badge. Sable semy of dumbeks Or, two women statant respectant maintaining between them a brazier argent enflamed proper.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the brazier with a deeper bowl so it is more easily recognized as a brazier.

Marta as-tu Mika-Mysliwy. Badge. (Fieldless) A billet fesswise gules, bat-winged sable.

We find it right, fitting, and proper that this badge should be registered to Brickbat Herald.

Meadhbh ni Dhubhthaigh. Badge. Sable, a tankard Or foamed argent between in chief five gouts in chevron Or.

Perin de la Serena. Household name House of the Goats and badge. Azure, a goat clymant contourny and a chief argent.

Submitted as House of the Dancing Goats, no documentation was presented and none was found to support dancing as an adjective of the type used in English sign names in period. Words describing the positions of animals in sign names are exceedingly rare; the sole example found so far is Spread Eagle found in the name Spread Eagle, dated to 1485-1600 in Margaret Makafee, "Comparison of Inn/Shop/House names found London 1473-1600 with those found in the ten shires surrounding London in 1636", and in the name Black Spread Eagle dated to 1648-1672 in Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada, "English Sign Names From 17th Century Tradesman's Tokens". We have dropped that element in order to register this name.

Perin de la Serena. Badge. (Fieldless) A cinquefoil argent within and conjoined to an annulet vert.

Rose Ella Duvanovicha doch' Sychevna. Name.

Submitted as Rose Ella Duvanovich doch' Sychevna, Duvanovich is a masculine genitive patronymic form meaning 'Duvan's son'. The corresponding feminine form is Duvanovicha. We have made this change in order to register the name.

It is worth noting that the expected form of the byname would be Duvanova doch' rather than Duvanovicha doch'. Sofia la Rus explains:

As for using "doch" with Duvanovicha - Wickenden states in his discussion of the -vich names for men that "The use of syn or the genitive "a" also did not occur." [3rd Edition, xxiii] This makes sense, since it is redundant to use "syn" with the "ovich/evich" ending, because that ending means " --'s son" as in tsarevich, tsar's son, and kniazhich, kniaz's son. (Also see "Slavic Countries" at bottom of //http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name// ) Mikhail Ivanovich already means "Mikhail Ivan's son", so adding "syn" would make it "Mikhail Ivan's son son". You would add "syn" to a name like Mikhail Ivanov because the Ivan could be Mikhail's father, grandfather, uncle, etc. hence the use of "syn" (son), "vnuk" (grandson), "pravnuk" (great-grandson), etc. The same logic would apply to the feminine version, ovna/evna and the more rare variant, ovicha/evicha. Thus the name phrase "Duvanovicha doch" is redundant and would not have occurred. But... see the following exceptions to Wickenden's statement (all from Wickenden's 2nd edition): Dubovyi Nos (byn) -- "Oaken nose." In the example below, the byname is in the genitive (note the unusual declension pattern of the word, "nos"). Bakhteiar Fedorovich syn Dubovogo Nosu, inhabitant of Volotsk district. 1523. [Tup 42-3] Khromonogoi (m) -- "lame." Ivan Vasil'evich syn [sic] Khromonogoi, sexton. 1584. [Tup 418]

Given the two masculine examples found by Sofia, it is reasonable to believe that a form Duvanovicha doch' could have appeared. Therefore, this form is registerable, though not typical.

This name combines English and Russian, which is a step from period practice.

Sara Blackthorne. Device. Argent, on a heart gules a key fesswise reversed argent and in chief a staff fesswise entwined by a leafless vine thorned sable.

This device had originally been returned for a redraw of the staff and thorn vine, and it was suggested that she match the form on her husband's device to make it recognizable. She has done so: the charges appear to have been traced.

William the Frogge. Reblazon of device. Per chevron purpure and argent, three rivets Or and a frog sejant affronty vert.

Blazoned when registered in September 1984 as Per chevron purpure and argent, three rivets in fess Or, in base a frog sejant affronty vert, the blazon makes the rivets the sole primary charges, centered on the field, with the frog as a small secondary charge at the bottom. The emblazon shows the rivets entirely on the purpure section of the field, in the expected placement for three charges above a per chevron line of division, and the frog centered on the argent pert of the field. They are a single co-primary charge group.

ATLANTIA

Achbar ibn Ali. Badge. Argent, on a fess vert a doumbek between two crescents argent.

Aine O Grienan. Name and device. Gules, on a hop leaf inverted argent a ladybug gules marked sable.

This name combines Gaelic and Anglicized Irish, which is a step from period practice.

Please instruct the submitter to draw a stem and some internal detailing on the hop leaf.

Áine ruadh inghean Néill. Name.

While it is more typical for the descriptive byname to be capitalized in Gaelic, there are sufficient examples to support the descriptive byname in lowercase in this type of name construction.

Aleit de la Thomme. Device. Vert, a lion dormant to sinister and a chief enarched argent.

Aleit has permission to conflict with Thomas Longshanks, Azure, a lion dormant to sinister and a chief enarched argent.

Alexandra Gangefeyr. Name.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Alcyon Herald.

The element Alcyon is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered order name Order of the Alcyon.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Black Lozenge Pursuivant.

This title is intended to be used by the Barony of Black Diamond.

While not common today, branch heraldic titles may still be registered to the kingdom. Precedent explains:

[Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title (from West, Kingdom of the) and change to Aquarius Herald] Heraldic titles for use by a barony may be registered to the barony (for example, Gemshorn Pursuivant registered to the Barony of Mag Mor in July 2001) or may be registered to the kingdom with a note that the heraldic title is for the use of the barony (for example, Onyx Pursuivant registered to the Kingdom of Æthelmearc in August 1999 and noted as being for use by the Barony of Blackstone Mountain). In this case, the title Aquarius Herald is registered to the Kingdom of Lochac and is noted as being for use by the Barony of River Haven. [Lochac, Kingdom of, 10/2002, A-Lochac]

Similarly, Black Lozenge Pursuivant may be registered to Atlantia and noted for use by the Barony of Black Diamond.

A question was raised about the registerability of common modern English color words in heraldic titles and it was noted by the commenters that our policy on such registrations has been inconsistent over the last few years.

Period examples of heraldic titles found in English documents use color terms that are variants of the common French word for that color. For example, we see Blanch for 'White', Noir for 'Black', and Rouge for 'Red' in Juliana de Luna's article "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance" (http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitlesSCA/). Based on the information in this article, it is obvious that the colors were recognized as colors in these titles. As such, it is reasonable for heraldic titles to be eligible for Lingua Anglica in the same way that descriptive bynames may be rendered in common modern English according to their meanings.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Blue Shark Pursuivant.

A question was raised about the registerability of common modern English color words in heraldic titles and it was noted by the commenters that our policy on such registrations has been inconsistent over the last few years.

Period examples of heraldic titles found in English documents use color terms that are variants of the common French word for that color. For example, we see Blanch for 'White', Noir for 'Black', and Rouge for 'Red' in Juliana de Luna's article "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance" (http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitlesSCA/). Based on the information in this article, it is obvious that the colors were recognized as colors in these titles. As such, it is reasonable for heraldic titles to be eligible for Lingua Anglica in the same way that descriptive bynames may be rendered in common modern English according to their meanings.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Coral Branch Pursuivant.

The phrase Coral Branch is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered order name Order of the Coral Branch.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Crane Pursuivant.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Green Shark Pursuivant.

A question was raised about the registerability of common modern English color words in heraldic titles and it was noted by the commenters that our policy on such registrations has been inconsistent over the last few years.

Period examples of heraldic titles found in English documents use color terms that are variants of the common French word for that color. For example, we see Blanch for 'White', Noir for 'Black', and Rouge for 'Red' in Juliana de Luna's article "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance" (http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitlesSCA/). Based on the information in this article, it is obvious that the colors were recognized as colors in these titles. As such, it is reasonable for heraldic titles to be eligible for Lingua Anglica in the same way that descriptive bynames may be rendered in common modern English according to their meanings.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Herring Pursuivant.

The element Herring is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered award name Award of the Herring.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Manatee Pursuivant.

The element Manatee is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered order name Order of the Manatee.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Manticore Pursuivant.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Opal Pursuivant.

The element Opal is grandfathered to the kingdom. via their registered award name Order of the Opal.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Quintain Pursuivant.

The element Quintain is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered award name Award of the Quintain.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Red Shark Pursuivant.

A question was raised about the registerability of common modern English color words in heraldic titles and it was noted by the commenters that our policy on such registrations has been inconsistent over the last few years.

Period examples of heraldic titles found in English documents use color terms that are variants of the common French word for that color. For example, we see Blanch for 'White', Noir for 'Black', and Rouge for 'Red' in Juliana de Luna's article "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance" (http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitlesSCA/). Based on the information in this article, it is obvious that the colors were recognized as colors in these titles. As such, it is reasonable for heraldic titles to be eligible for Lingua Anglica in the same way that descriptive bynames may be rendered in common modern English according to their meanings.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Sea Dragon Pursuivant.

The phrase Sea Dragon is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered order name Order of the Sea Dragon.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Sea Tyger Pursuivant.

The phrase Sea Tyger is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered order name Order of the Sea Tyger.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Sharks Tooth Pursuivant.

The phrase Sharks Tooth is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered order name Order of the Sharks Tooth.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Silver Shark Pursuivant.

A question was raised about the registerability of common modern English color words in heraldic titles and it was noted by the commenters that our policy on such registrations has been inconsistent over the last few years.

Period examples of heraldic titles found in English documents use color terms that are variants of the common French word for that color. For example, we see Blanch for 'White', Noir for 'Black', and Rouge for 'Red' in Juliana de Luna's article "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance" (http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitlesSCA/). Based on the information in this article, it is obvious that the colors were recognized as colors in these titles. As such, it is reasonable for heraldic titles to be eligible for Lingua Anglica in the same way that descriptive bynames may be rendered in common modern English according to their meanings.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Undine Pursuivant.

The element Undine is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered award name Award of the Undine.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Vexillum Pursuivant.

The element Vexillum is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered award name Award of the Vexillum Atlantiae.

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Yew Bow Pursuivant.

The phrase Yew Bow is grandfathered to the kingdom via their registered order name Order of the Yew Bow.

Baavgai Monh. Name and device. Gules, a demi-bear couped argent breathing flames of fire Or.

The submitter requested authenticity for Mongolian. Unfortunately, due to the scarcity of Mongolian name resources, we are unable to confirm that this name is authentic, though it certainly seems reasonable.

This device is clear of the badge of the Barony of Serpentria, Gules, a bear passant argent. There is a CD for the difference between a whole bear and half a bear, and a CD for the change of posture from passant to erect.

Bj{o,}rn inn hávi. Exchange of device and badge.

His armory, Sable, on a pale endorsed Or three pellets, is now his device. His armory, Per pale sable and Or, two wyverns combatant and on a chief three roundels, all counterchanged, is now a badge.

Diederich von Basel. Name.

Elizabet Walkere. Name.

This is a great 16th C English name.

Filippo Clemente degli Esposti. Name and device. Sable, a sword inverted between a horse and a lion combatant and on a chief embattled Or three crosses bottony sable.

Submitted as Filippo Clemente degli Espositi, the byname was documented on the basis of the 15th-16th C Ospidale degli Esposti in Bologna. However, no justification was provided for the change from the documented Esposti to the submitted Espositi. All of the examples of degli Espositi found by the College were modern. We have changed the name to Filippo Clemente degli Esposti in order to register it.

Gregor Hendrich vom Stein. Name and device. Purpure, a covered tankard and a sinister gore argent.

There was some question whether Hendrich was a plausible German name in period. Ensign notes: "I found Hentrich as a given name in 1547 and Hindrichen as a byname in 1627. Ref. Zoder, Familiennamen, II, pp. 703-704a, under Heinrich." Based on these examples, Hendrich is a plausible German given name in late period.

John von der Velde. Badge. Per saltire azure and vert, two swords in saltire within a bordure embattled argent.

Melodie of Buckenham. Name.

There was some question whether the spelling Melodie, which was documented as a byname in the name Richard Melodie 1279, was registerable as a given name or whether the name needed to be changed to the documented given name form Melodia, dated to 1212 as a given name in Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Melody. Melodie as a byname is most likely a Latin genitive form of Melodia; we do not register inflected forms of names as given names. However, Melodie is also the expected vernacular form of Latin Melodia. Thus, it is unexceptional used as a given name.

Moorhaven, Canton of. Branch name and device. Sable, on a tower issuant from base argent a tree issuant from base vert, in chief two laurel wreaths argent.

Murienne l'aloiere. Name.

This is a lovely 13th C French name!

Óengus mac Gilla Crist. Name.

Thomas Fetherstan. Name.

CAID

Katherine Graybard of Sillenglen. Reblazon of device. Or, a brown hedgehog statant proper, a chief wavy sable.

Blazoned when registered, in August 1979, as Or, a hedgehog statant proper; a chief wavy sable, we have defined proper urchins/hedgehogs as having a white belly. Katherine's is entirely brown.

DRACHENWALD

Æd mac Domhnaill. Name and device. Or, two chevronels between three fleurs-de-lys and on a chief gules a lion couchant Or.

Listed on the LoI as Aed mac Domhnaill, this name was originally submitted as Æd mac Domhnaill and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. Commenters found that the originally submitted form of the given name is registerable. Sharon Krossa, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 12th Century Scottish Gaelic Names" lists Æd as a Latin form of Aed appearing in the 12th C. Given this evidence, we have returned this name to the originally submitted form.

There was some question whether this name conflicted with the registered name Aidan MacDonald. Aidan is an Anglicized Irish form of Áedán. RfS V.1.a.i Given Names states, "Irrespective of differences in sound and appearance, a given name is not significantly different from any of its diminutives when they are used as given names."

Ó Corráin & Maguire, Irish Names, s.n. Áedán, say "diminutive of Áed" in the section where they explain the origin of the name. However, it seems that when Ó Corráin & Maguire cite a name as being a diminutive in this particular section of an entry, they are explaining the etymological origin of the name rather than citing a name as being an actual functioning diminutive - similar to a "nickname" today. In cases where they are describing names that function as actual diminutives, they specifically state that usage in the body of the entry, often near the end of the entry. For example, s.n. Mór, they state, "There is a diminutive form Móirín". Under Seaan, they state, "Among the variants of the name in use in the middle ages are Seóan, Seóinín, Seónag and Seinicín."

No evidence was found by the commenters that Áedán and Áed were used interchangeably or to describe the same person in period. Lacking evidence that Áedán functioned as an actual diminutive of Áed in period, or that -án names in general functioned as actual diminutives of their root names in period, Áedán does not conflict with Áed under RfS V.1.a.i.

As conflict by diminutive form is not an issue in this name, Æd and Aidan need only be compared via sound and appearance. The appearance between the two is sufficient to be clear. Æd is pronounced approximately \AY-th\, where the \th\ is the sound in this or bathe. Aidan is pronounced approximately \AY-dehn\. Therefore, the two names only have the initial vowel sound in common, making their sound sufficiently different to be clear.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the chevronels wider.

Alyna Morgan. Name.

Ceara inghean Eoin mhic Lucais. Device. Argent, a weeping willow tree proper and on a chief azure three butterflies argent.

There is a step from period practice for the use of a weeping willow.

Faolan an Doire. Name and device. Vert, on a bend between two caducei argent a ferret statant vert.

Hallmundr Grimsson. Name and device. Barry wavy azure and argent, a stone sable.

The primary charge in this device is definitely a stone and not a roundel. A stone is a period charge, as attested in Guillim, p. 136: "He beareth Vert, three Flint Stones, Argent, by the name of Flint. This coat is quartered by the Right Honourable the Earle of Cumberland. The Flintstone is an ancient Embleme or token vsed by great persons. Iohannes Digionius Earle of Flanders gaue for his Deuice, Ignitabulum Silicem feriens, a Steele and a Flintstone, which well agreed with his disposition." No evidence has been presented that stones and roundels are not distinguished in period, so we rule that there is significant difference between them.

As such, this device is clear of the device of Muiredach O'Siadhail, Gyronny arrondy Or and gules, a gunstone, with a CD for the field and a CD for the change of type of the primary charge.

The device is also clear of the device of Lurana Dolfina, Argent, in pale a dragon passant contourny breathing flames gules atop an ogress, which was reblazoned in August 2009. There is a CD for the changes to the field, a CD for the removal of the co-primary dragon, and a CD for the difference between a roundel and a stone.

The device is clear of the device of Gwynaeth de Sancta Maria de Petra Fertilis, Or, in pale an iris purpure slipped and leaved vert issuant from a rock fracted sable, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for the changes to the field and a CD for the removal of the co-primary iris.

The device is clear of the badge of Beotram of the Northwinds, Barruly wavy azure and argent, a demi-bezant. There is a CD for the change of type of the primary charge and a CD for the change of tincture of the primary charge.

The device is clear of the device of Jumare of the Dark Spire, Argent, issuant from base a spire of rock sable. Jumare's spire has been ruled to be equivalent to a mountain. Precedent says:

The SCA currently considers a mountain to be a variant of a mount, which is a peripheral ordinary ... [Charles le Grey, September 2001, R-Ansteorra]

Since "Peripheral charges are never primary charges", by our glossary, these designs are clear by X.1.

Please instruct the submitter to draw internal detailing and a less regular outline on the rock so it is more easily identifiable.

Hermann Widder von Rozstoch. Name.

This name combines German and Swedish, which is a step from period practice.

Konrad von Lewenstein. Name.

Lena the Red. Name.

Silvein Morgan. Name and device. Per pale argent and azure, two horses rampant addorsed within a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Þora Sumarliðadóttir. Name change from Tofa Sigurdardóttir.

Her previous name, Tofa Sigurdardóttir, is retained as an alternate name.

Tofa Sigurdardóttir. Name change correction from holding name Rachel of Nordleigh.

The name Tofa Sigurdardóttir was registered May 1996. However, the LoI where the name was submitted did not note that this was a change of holding name from Rachel of Nordleigh. We are making that correction here.

Y{a-}sam{i-}n al-H{a-}diyya. Name.

Submitted as Y{a-}sam{i-}n al-Hadiyya, since the long vowels are marked in the given name, they also need to be marked in the byname, i.e., al-H{a-}diyya. We have changed the name to Y{a-}sam{i-}n al-H{a-}diyya to use a consistent transcription system throughout the entire name.

EAST

Aine Oliphant. Name and device. Gules semy of roses Or, a unicorn's head couped argent, armed Or.

This name combines Gaelic and Scots, which is one step from period practice.

Alastar O'Rogan. Badge. Per bend azure and vert, a scorpion Or and in chief a crescent argent.

Alexandre Bautista de la Mar. Badge. Or, a ship and on a chief purpure two crescents pendant Or.

Aleyn Míntengai. Name.

This name combines Scots and Gaelic, which is a step from period practice.

Alton of Grimfells. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Alton is the submitter's legal middle name. Middle names are registerable by type: if it is structurally a given name it can be used as a given name, but if it is structurally a surname it can only be used as a surname.

In this case, the LoI also documented Alton as an English surname dated to 1508. The LoI also documented a pattern of English surnames being used as given names in the second half of the 16th C and early 17th C. Therefore, Alton is registerable as an English surname used as a given name following this late 16th C practice.

Note: Registerability of surnames used as a given name under this practice is limited solely to the context of this practice. Specifically, the surname must be documented as a 16th C English surname form. It will be evaluated for compatibility with the rest of the name in the same manner as a given name documented as a 16th C English given name.

Grimfells is the registered name of an SCA branch.

Amand le Braceeur. Name and device. Azure, a maple leaf and on a base engrailed Or a natural salamander tergiant fesswise contourny gules.

Amand le Braceeur. Badge. Azure, on a maple leaf Or a natural salamander tergiant fesswise contourny gules.

Please instruct the submitter to add internal detailing to the leaf so that the submission does not appear to be a flame.

Amis Mwyn. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Angus Sutherland. Device. Per pale gules and sable, a Latin cross between three mullets Or.

Annora Stratton de Buchanan. Name and device. Argent, a triskele azure and on a chief sable three ivy leaves argent.

Arabella of the Blacklion. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Arabella of the Black_lion, the name was originally submitted as Arabella of_Blacklion and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. Siren comments:

This evidence, and I'm sure I could come up with more, makes it clear that <of the Blacklion> (as one word) is just as good and somewhat closer to what he [sic] submitted. In the article "The Bell Savage Inn and Playhouse in London" by Herbert Berry (Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England, 2006, Vol. 19, pp. 121-143), you find (as inn signs, not bynames), <Belsauage> 1579 and <Parisgardein> 1576.

We have changed the name to Arabella of the Blacklion to partially restore the originally submitted form.

Aureliana Curva. Name and device. Gules, a triangle inverted between three spiders argent.

The submitter requested authenticity for Roman language. Metron Ariston comments:

[A] feminine name formed with the feminine form of her father's nomen and an appended cognomen would be totally unexceptional for virtually all of the Roman period.

While Aureliana is often used as a cognomen rather than a nomen (which would give the name two cognomina and no nomen), Green Staff notes that one of the two examples of Aureliana in the The prosopography of the later Roman empire is a woman who was recorded as Aureliana in 596 and as Aurelia in 597. Aurelia was originally a nomen, so this citation is sufficient to give us the benefit of the doubt that Aureliana Curva is a plausible Roman name following the nomen + cognomen pattern.

Barbeta Kyrkeland. Device. Vert, a hedgehog and on a chief Or three oak leaves bendwise sinister vert.

Beatrice Spigliati. Name.

Bran mac Brádaigh. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy sable and argent, a raven displayed and a sun counterchanged.

The use of a raven displayed is a step from period practice.

Brighid of the Blacklion. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Brighid of the Black_lion, the name was originally submitted as Brighid of_Blacklion and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. Siren comments:

This evidence, and I'm sure I could come up with more, makes it clear that <of the Blacklion> (as one word) is just as good and somewhat closer to what he [sic] submitted. In the article "The Bell Savage Inn and Playhouse in London" by Herbert Berry (Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England, 2006, Vol. 19, pp. 121-143), you find (as inn signs, not bynames), <Belsauage> 1579 and <Parisgardein> 1576.

We have changed the name to Brighid of the Blacklion to partially restore the originally submitted form.

This name combines Gaelic and English, which is a step from period practice.

Bronwen Carus. Badge. (Fieldless) Four boar spears in saltire, butts conjoined argent.

Commenters asked if this badge is visual conflict under section X.5 of the Rules for Submissions with the joint badge of Brian the Pious and Zhigmun' Broghammer, Vert, a cross crosslet saltirewise argent. The spears here are very clearly spears and the cross on Brian and Zhigmun's badge is very obviously not four spears, so there is not a visual conflict between the two.

Bruno Caravello. Name.

Claudio Gonzaga. Name and device. Quarterly Or and vert, an owl counterchanged.

Connor Roe. Name and device. Paly sable and argent, a chief gules.

The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C England. This name is authentic for an Irishman living in England in that period, though not for the name of an Englishman.

Nice device!

Corcrán mac Diarmata. Name and device. Barry wavy argent and gules, a roundel checky Or and sable.

Dalla Óláfs kona. Name and device. Per fess wavy azure and sable, a demi-sun issuant from the line of division Or and an open book argent, a bordure Or.

This device uses a complex line of division (wavy) to divide a field with low contrast. Precedent specifically forbids the use of azure and sable with a complex line of division because the line is not identifiable from a distance. The issue, however, is identifiability, and it is on this basis that the low-contrast complex lines of division have been forbidden. In this submission, the demi-sun issuant from the line of division means that the azure and sable parts of the design are not adjacent. The actual wavy line lies mostly between the sable portion and the Or demi-sun. Since the line of division is quite identifiable in this case, it may be registered.

Damon of Bhakail. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, eight gouttes, bases to center between in chief two bull's horns respectant sable, a base barry sable and argent.

Submitted under the name Nkante n gheren.

Dena of Silver Rylle. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Purpure, a fish naiant and in chief three hemlock flower clusters slipped, a bordure argent.

Submitted under the name Dughdhova yi Shirazi.

The charges in chief were blazoned on the LoI as hemlock flowers, but drawn as clusters of several blossoms each. This is a reasonable depiction of hemlock as found in nature, but they are not individual flowers (which have been registered in the past, in the device of Charis Sabran, October 2006). We have reblazoned them as hemlock flower clusters to better express their correct depiction.

Elizabeth la Brouillarde and Alastair Corran. Joint badge. Sable, a rose slipped and leaved and in chief a death's head argent.

Eoin Dubh. Reblazon of device. Per chevron azure and argent, a bow fesswise argent and three thistles one and two vert headed purpure.

Reblazoned, in July 2008, as Per chevron gules and argent, a bow fesswise argent and three thistles one and two vert, headed purpure, the upper half of the field is blue, not red.

Erika Rothals. Badge. Per bend checky gules and argent and checky argent and sable, in bend sinister a tankard Or between an ant sable and an ant gules, heads to center.

Esclarmonde al-Andalusiyya. Name.

This name combines French and Arabic, which is a step from period practice.

Feradach mac Cein. Name and device. Per bend embattled gules and Or, a demi-sun and a lynx passant counterchanged.

Listed on the LoI as Feradach mac Ciain, this name was submitted as Federach mac Cian and changed at kingdom to match available documentation. The genitive of Cian appears to be Cein, not Ciain. We have made this correction in order to register the name.

Fiona Siobhan of Kincora. Device. Azure, three owls displayed argent each charged with a coronet azure.

The submitter is a court baroness and thus entitled to the display of a coronet.

The use of a bird other than an eagle in a displayed posture is a step from period practice.

Fionnghuala inghean Mhic Ceallaigh. Name and device. Argent, a rose purpure barbed and seeded proper, on a chief engrailed purpure two swans naiant respectant argent.

This device is clear of the device of Penelope of Calafia, Argent, a garden rose purpure, slipped vert, between two flaunches purpure, the dexter charged with an increscent and the sinister with a decrescent argent. There is a CD for the change of type of peripheral charges and a CD for the change of number of peripheral charges. There is also a CD, under X.4.j.ii, for the change of only the type of the tertiary charge group.

The first sentence of X.4.j.ii reads: "For armory that has no more than two types of charge directly on the field and has no overall charges, substantially changing the type of all of a group of charges placed entirely on an ordinary or other suitable charge is one clear difference." (emphasis added) All ordinaries are allowed for purposes of this rule. They need not be central ordinaries and they may have complex edge treatments. Note that 'suitable' charges do not need to be in the center of the design. The rule is merely requiring that their outlines be simple enough to meet our criteria for a voidable charge. The rule does not require that they be used in the design in a position and manner that the submitter could choose to void them.

Fortune Sancte Keyne. Name.

Francesco Gaetano Greco d'Edessa. Badge. (Fieldless) A patriarchal cross flory per pale argent and Or.

This badge is clear of the device of Jocelyn d'Isigny, Per pale sable and azure, a cross fleury counterchanged argent and Or. There is a CD for the fieldless design and a CD for the difference between a double-armed cross flory and a single-armed cross flory. Commenters asked whether the two crosses are in different families, based on the May 2009 Cover Letter, since this cross is both multi-armed and flory. Since it is not necessary to make the decision on this submission, we decline to rule on that issue at this time.

Franz von Heilbronn. Device. Sable, a lynx Or and a bear argent combatant, in chief an annulet Or.

Friedrich Parcifal von Österreich. Name change from Friedrich Parcifal.

The elements Friedrich and Parcifal are grandfathered to him.

His previous name, Friedrich Parcifal, is retained as an alternate name.

Gaius Annaeus Maso. Name and device. Sable, an anchor and on a chief Or a double-headed eagle sable.

Submitted as Gaius Aeneas Maso, no documentation was provided and none could be found to support the use of the Greek name Aeneas as a nomen in a classical tripartite Roman name. The submitter indicated that if Aeneas was not registerable as a nomen he would accept the substitution of the nomen Annaeus. We have made this change in order to register the name.

Nice device! Nice use of a chief of allegiance!

Note that chiefs of allegiance are not bestowed honors, like augmentations, and their use is not presumptuous. They are a period method of declaring allegiance in armory. They are very frequently seen in certain parts of Italy, and one of the most common was a chief 'of the Empire', which is to say on a chief Or an eagle sable.

Galefridus Peregrinus. Alternate name Taguchi Moronaga.

The submitter requested authenticity for "Japanese Hei'an period". This is an excellent name from that period.

Gilleain of the Blacklion. Name and device. Argent, on a bend purpure between four lions couchant sable three plates.

Listed on the LoI as Gilleain of the Black_lion, the name was originally submitted as Gilleain of_Blacklion and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. Siren comments:

This evidence, and I'm sure I could come up with more, makes it clear that <of the Blacklion> (as one word) is just as good and somewhat closer to what he submitted. In the article "The Bell Savage Inn and Playhouse in London" by Herbert Berry (Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England, 2006, Vol. 19, pp. 121-143), you find (as inn signs, not bynames), <Belsauage> 1579 and <Parisgardein> 1576.

We have changed the name to Gilleain of the Blacklion to partially restore the originally submitted form.

This name combines Gaelic and English, which is one step from period practice.

Grainne Fhial inghean ui Chearmada. Name and device. Argent semy of quavers vert, a foi throughout azure.

Gunnvaldr hamarskáld. Name and device. Argent, a boot bendwise sinister sable and in base three gouttes de sang, one and two, on a chief sable two axes in saltire surmounted by a sword inverted argent.

Hartshorn-dale, Shire of. Reblazon of device. Or, a stag's attires and on a chief azure three laurel wreaths Or.

Blazoned when registered as Or, a stag's attire_ and on a chief azure three laurel wreaths Or, there is more than a single antler.

Helga stjarna. Name and device. Azure, in bend three mullets of six points, on a chief Or a rat passant azure.

Isylte Aron. Name.

James the Archer. Name and device. Per fess gules and azure, on a fess engrailed argent an arrow sable.

Joan of Coggeshall. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, three wagon wheels and a chief Or.

John Averey. Name.

Joscelin le esqurel. Name and badge (see RETURNS for device). (Fieldless) On an acorn sable a squirrel Or.

Kara Irini bint Todori. Name.

Katarzyna Gwozdz. Name and device. Gules, on a bend sinister between two crosses fourchy between the tines of each fork a roundel argent three glazier's nails palewise sable.

Katerina de la Bere. Name and device. Per pale indented argent and vert, a bear rampant and a bell counterchanged.

Nice name!

Kendrich Kennethson. Name and device. Per pale Or and gules, in pale three roundels between flaunches counterchanged.

Kilian MacAd. Name and device. Per bend sinister argent and sable, a bend sinister bevilled gules between a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy counterchanged.

This name combines German (Kilian) with Scots (MacAd), which is a step from period practice.

The use of charges on a field with a bend bevilled is a step from period practice.

Leopold Draco. Device. Azure, two tridents in saltire, overall a fleur-de-lys, a bordure Or.

Lucy of Brakendelve. Name and device. Gules, on a dragonfly Or a mullet voided and interlaced within and conjoined to an annulet sable.

Brakendelve is the registered name of an SCA branch.

Precedent on items within annulets was set on the Cover Letter to the March 2009 LoAR where it says "When both are present in a design as part of a primary charge group, or where they would be expected to be a secondary charge, the widget and annulet will both be considered part of the same group." We are extending this to tertiary charges: a mullet within an annulet, when placed entirely on another charge, is considered a single group. Therefore, this device does not violate our ban forbidding multiple tertiary charge groups on a single underlying charge.

Lysken die Waeyer. Name.

Madelaine de Mortaigne. Name.

Magdalena Lantfarerin. Name.

Nice German name!

Magnus Morte. Name (see RETURNS for badge).

Magnus Morte. Household name Knot and Snake House.

Magnús {oe}ðikollr. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Magnús {oe}ðíkollr, close inspection of the documentation showed that the i was not accented in the byname. We have removed the accent in order to register the name.

Magnus of the East. Device change. Gules, a chevron argent between two bees Or and a drinking horn argent.

His previous device, Gules, on a chevron argent two axes in chevron heads to center sable and in base a tankard Or, is retained as a badge.

Máirghréad Ghearr. Name and device. Per bend gules and vert, a bend between a thistle and a dragon argent.

Martoni Szarvas Kato. Name.

Matthew Cameron de Buchanan. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and azure, two scarpes between a wolf's head erased contourny and a thistle argent.

Matthias Grünewald. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and purpure, a comet bendwise sinister and a unicorn statant contourny argent.

The LoI noted a potential conflict against the painter Matthias Grünewald, who lived c1480-1528 and who has his own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica. This conflict was discussed in commentary and no evidence was found that this individual is important enough to protect under our current standards.

Maurin Lessault. Household name Stonebridge Gambol House and badge. Azure, a dance between two feet each maintaining and conjoined at the ankles to a pair of wings addorsed argent.

There was some question about plausibility of the construction pattern [complex English placename] House. Pelican Emeritis found two examples of this type of construction:

Speculi Britan[n]iae pars the description of Hartfordshire by Iohn Norden., p 29 has two house names that might be considered as constructed from complex placenames: Hatfeyld wood hall, and Kinges-wood-berie (the dashes are in the original, not my addition. The author explains early in the work that "berie" is a word used for "house" or "hall" in this part of the world, so the berie is definitely a designator here.

Based on these examples, the submitted construction is registerable.

Maxine of Settmour Swamp. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Gules, in pale two delfs voided Or.

Submitted under the name Lü An-Hua.

Meadhbh bean mhic Bhrádaigh. Name and device. Argent, a sun and on a chief wavy sable two triquetrae argent.

Submitted as Meadhbh bean mhic Brádaigh, following mhic, Brádaigh needs to be lenited. We have changed the name to Meadhbh bean mhic Bhrádaigh to correct the grammar so that we may register it.

Meadhbh bean mhic Brádaigh and Bran mac Brádaigh. Joint badge. Argent, a sun between two scarpes gemel sable.

This badge is clear of the device of Ian of Nightsgate, Argent, a sun between a fret of four swords sable. There is a CD for the change of type of secondary charges and a CD for the change of arrangement of secondary charges. The word 'scarpe' is heraldic shorthand for 'bendlet sinister'. It includes both a type and an orientation. The orientation, however, is not forced - the type of a scarpe is 'bend', not 'bend sinister'.

Mechthild Welandstochter. Name and device. Argent, two spiked maces in saltire and on a chief gules three snails argent.

Submitted as Mechthild Welandsdochter, the byname Welandsdochter violates RfS III.1.a Linguistic Consistency by combining the High German Welands with the Low German dochter. The High German word for 'daughter' is tochter, as exemplified in the byname Karls tochter found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from 1495".

The submitter allowed all changes to the byname so long as it retained the spelling Weland. Therefore, we have changed the byname to Welandstochter to make it wholly High German, in order to register this name.

Melina Delabarge. Name and device. Or, a chevron and a bordure embattled sable.

This name combines Italian and French, which is a step from period practice.

This device is clear of the badge of Heinrich Alois von Speyer, Or, a chevron throughout sable and in base a campfire sable, enflamed gules. Heinrich's campfire is mostly gules, so there is a CD for the change of type and a CD for the change of tincture of the secondary charge, from a mostly-gules flame to an entirely sable bordure embattled.

Nice device!

Moire MacGraha. Name.

This name does not conflict with Morina Magrath. Ó Corráin and Maguire (p. 139 s.n. Mór) say "This early name was latinised as Morina ..." For conflict and lingual compatibility purposes, we examine Latinized forms in the context of the original (non-Latinized) language. Therefore, Morina is considered Irish Gaelic for the purposes of potential conflict. Moire is an Anglicized Irish form. As Moire and Morina are in different languages, the names are evaluated solely on the basis of sound and appearance, similar to the example of the English Mary versus the Hebrew Miriam given in RfS V.1.a.i. The level of difference, both in sound and appearance, between Morina and Moire is sufficient that they are clear.

Molly Schofield. Device. Per bend sinister gules and argent, a sun counterchanged.

Mor ingen Chonchobair. Name and device. Per chevron sable and azure, a chevron argent ermined azure between two pawprints and a wolf statant argent.

Submitted as Mor ingen Conchobair, following ingen, Conchobair needs to be lenited. We have changed the name to Mor ingen Chonchobair to correct the grammar, so that we may register this name.

The use of pawprints is a step from period practice.

Muirenn ingen Bróein meic Ríáin. Name.

Submitted as Muirenn ingen Bróen meic Ríáin, the submitter requested authenticity for 5th to 10th C Irish.

Following ingen, Bróen needs to be in the genitive case. We have changed the name to Muirenn ingen Bróein meic Ríáin in order to correct the grammar.

The submitted name is Old Irish (c. 700 - c. 900). Oghamic Irish was spoken during the earlier part of her desired period. As so few Oghamic records survive, it is often the case that we cannot construct Oghamic forms of some names that we know, from slightly later Old Irish records, were used during the Oghamic period. As this situation is the case with the submitted name, we are only examining this name in the context of the latter portion of her desired period. This is a lovely name for the end of her desired period. Throughout the Old Irish period, we see examples of women's names using this construction.

Nergis bint Mustafa. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Ottoman Turkish name. This is an excellent name for that time and culture!

Nicholas de Marays. Name and device. Gules, on a bend between two phoenixes argent three mullets of seven points gules.

Óláfr of Northern Outpost. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name). Sable, a saltire bretessed between four mullets of four points, a bordure argent.

Submitted under the name Óláfr Haraldsson.

Perronnelle de Croy. Name and device. Argent, on a pale azure between two lions combatant gules three fleurs-de-lys argent.

Petra Zenniaskii. Name change from holding name Petra of Silver Rhylle.

Philippe du Perigord. Name and device. Argent, a bend sinister sable between three gouttes in bend sinister and a cross formy gules.

Listed on the LoI as Phelippe du Peiregore, this name was submitted as Philippe du Périgord and changed at kingdom to match available documentation.

Brunissende Dragonette found that Philippe and Perigord appear in the 1614 edition of "Les Antiquitez, fondations et singularitez des plus célèbres villes, chasteaux, places remarquables, églises, forts, forteresses du royaume de France, avec les choses plus mémorables advenues en iceluy, reveues, corrigées et augmentées de nouveau avec une addition de la chronologie des roys de France, par J. D. F. P. [J. de Fonteny.]" (http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5738195t). She also found that Perigord appears in the 1608 edition of the same work. In this case, the region is generally referred to as Le Perigord. Therefore, a byname based on this region would be du Perigord because du means 'of the', while de means 'of'.

Based on this information, we have changed this name to Philippe du Perigord in order to register a form much closer to the originally submitted form.

This device is clear of the device of Melger O'Morchoe, Argent, a tree blasted and eradicated sable between in cross four gouttes de sang. Philippe's device is not suitable for purposes of Section X.2 of the Rules for Submissions, since there are three types of charge on the field, so we are unable to use X.2 to clear these devices, we must use X.4 (CDs). There is a CD for changing the type of the primary charge, from a tree to a bend sinister. There is another for changing the arrangement of the secondary group. Since Philippe's charges could be placed in cross, and they are not, the change of position is not a forced move.

Quinton MacGillivray. Name and device. Or, a rabbit sejant erect guardant contourny maintaining a sword, in base two rabbit's pawprints in chevron inverted, a bordure sable.

The use of pawprints is a step from period practice.

Rose le Marinier. Name and device. Azure, a lymphad, sail set and oars shipped, and on a base wavy argent a rose gules.

Rudolphus Nitriensis. Name and device. Azure, a swan argent charged on the breast with a rose proper.

Nice name!

Rudolphus has permission to conflict with the device of Rorik Fredericsson, Azure, a grey goose volant bendwise wings addorsed proper gorged of a coronet Or.

Rufus Bowie. Device. Per pale embattled sable and argent, a sackbut and a recorder counterchanged.

This armory does not suffer the so-called 'sword-and-dagger' problem of using two similar but non-identical charges in the same design. Commenters should note that there can be a CD or even X.2 difference between items in the same Ordinary category. The Ordinary is not a classification of charges by groups which have difference, it is merely organized so that charges are easy to find. Since there are so few instruments registered, all of them appear in one category. A similar set of charges can been seen in TOOL-OTHER, which contains printers balls, crampons, pickaxes, screw-presses, and tennis rackets.

Sarra the Lymner. Badge. (Fieldless) A hedgehog proper.

Nice badge!

This badge is clear of the badge of Breock of Whitby, (Fieldless) In pale an urchin statant atop a strawberry fesswise reversed proper, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for fieldlessness and a Cd for the change of number of primary charges.

This badge is also clear of the device of Katherine Graybard of Sillenglen, Or, a brown hedgehog statant proper, a chief wavy sable, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for fieldlessness and a CD for the removal of the chief.

Séadna Reed of Ravengate. Name change from Siobhan Reed.

Séadna was documented as a modern Irish form of a saint's name that has the Middle Irish forms Sétna and Sédna. In addition, Séadna is also the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 - c. 1700) form. As such, it is registerable under the guidelines for registerability for saints' names.

Combining Gaelic and English in a name is a step from period practice.

Her previous name, Siobhan Reed, is released.

Sephare Dryden. Name.

Sigurðr berserkr. Name and device. Or, a pale between two bears combatant sable.

Nice device!

Síle Bowie. Device. Per bend embattled sable and argent, a thimble and a viol counterchanged.

Simona bat Leone. Name.

This name combines elements used by Italian Jews (bat and Leone) with elements that seem to have been used only by Italian Christians.

Siobhán in Scéith Girr. Name and device. Gules, a phoenix argent rising from flames Or and on a chief argent three salamanders gules enflamed proper.

This name combines Early Modern Irish and Middle Irish, which is a step from period practice.

Siobhan inghen Chon Mhara. Name and device. Quarterly vert and Or, a sheep passant sable between six pallets, three and three, fretted with six barrulets, three and three, all counterchanged.

Tadgán mac Lagmainn. Name and device. Azure, on a turtle between in fess two swords argent a valknut sable, a chief Or.

The use of a valknut is a step from period practice.

Thallos Alexiou. Name and device. Argent, a tree issuant from base vert and on a chief wavy azure a demi-sun issuant from the line of division Or.

Submitted as Thallos Alexios, the name contained two given names and no byname. No documentation for this construction in Greek was provided, and none could be found by the commenters. The easiest way to correct the name to a registerable form is to make the second given name a patronymic byname, e.g., Alexiou. We have changed the name to Thallos Alexiou in order to register it.

This device is clear of the device of Thurlef of Sogn, Argent, a weeping willow tree vert, and on a chief wavy azure three swans naiant argent. There is a CD for the change of type and number of tertiary charges and a CD for change of type of tree, by precedent: "There is a CD between a weeping willow tree and an oak tree or a generic tree." [Cover Letter, June 2005]

Thylacinus Aquila of Dair Eidand. Reblazon of device. (Fieldless) An eagle rising sable bellied, headed, and deailed argent fimbriated of flames proper.

Blazoned when registered as (Fieldless) A harpy eagle [Thrasyaetus harpyia] rising flammant proper, the bird is not a phoenix, which is how it is currently categorized.

Titus Claudius Silvanus. Name and device. Argent, two lightning bolts in saltire gules, overall a wolf's head couped sable.

The use of a lightning bolt by itself and not as part of a thunderbolt is a step from period practice.

Tommaltach MacFhiachach. Device. Sable, in bend two lions statant, each crowned with a pearled coronet Or.

The submitter is a court baron and thus entitled to display a coronet.

Nice device!

Tommaso Valeriano. Device change. Purpure, a dog rampant and in sinister chief an anchor Or.

His old device, Per bend sable and purpure, a sword between six mullets two two and two argent, is retained as a badge.

Tressach in Boga. Name and device. Or, on a chevron inverted cotised gules a rose argent barbed and seeded proper.

Submitted as Tressach an Bhogha, this name combined the Middle Irish Tressach with the Early Modern Irish an Bhogha. The LoI noted that, "The submitter would appreciate assistance making the name linguistically compatible, but wants the given name to be as close to 'Tracey' as she can get."

We have changed the byname to the Middle Irish form in Boga to comply with her request for linguistic compatibility. Tressach in Boga is a fully Middle Irish masculine name meaning 'Tressach [of] the Bow'.

Tristan of the Blacklion. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Tristan of the Black_lion, the name was originally submitted as Tristan of_Blacklion and changed in kingdom to match the available documentation. Siren comments:

This evidence, and I'm sure I could come up with more, makes it clear that <of the Blacklion> (as one word) is just as good and somewhat closer to what he submitted. In the article "The Bell Savage Inn and Playhouse in London" by Herbert Berry (Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England, 2006, Vol. 19, pp. 121-143), you find (as inn signs, not bynames), <Belsauage> 1579 and <Parisgardein> 1576.

We have changed the name to Tristan of the Blacklion to partially restore the originally submitted form.

Tristan is the submitter's legal given name.

Ulrich Parcifal. Name (see PENDS for device).

Viviana farmaðr. Name and device. Purpure, an ermine statant proper, a chief rayonny ermine.

Submitted as Vivienne farmaðr, the submitter requested authenticity for 800-1000 AD, and noted that the meaning 'seafarer' is most important. The name was submitted combines a hypothetical French feminine name appropriate for the 13th C with an Old Norse byname found in the Viking era. An authentic name would not mix languages in this fashion.

We have found a variant of the given name in use in her desired period; the Latinized form Viviana is dated to 810 in Longnon, Polyptyque de l'Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés rédigé au temps de l'abbé Irminon.

We do not have much data about the types of bynames in use at this time, but a simple descriptive in Latin is plausible. The Latin word meaning 'sailor, seafarer' is nauta or navita; these words appear in medieval records as early as the 6th C. While we cannot confirm that this word was used as a byname in the 9th C, Viviana Nauta or Viviana Navita is the most authentic name with her desired meaning that we can construct.

While either one of these would be, as best we can tell, an authentic name with the submitter's desired meaning, the change from the Old Norse farmaðr to Nauta is so dramatic as to be more than what can reasonably be expected in a major change. Therefore, we have not made this change to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

We note that the originally submitted form is registerable, with one step from period practice, though not authentic.

William Blackthorn. Name and device. Azure, a saltire cotised and in chief two scimitars in saltire argent.

Zillah al-{.S}agh{i-}ra al-{.H}urra. Name.

This name combines English and Arabic, which is a step from period practice.

GLEANN ABHANN

Aeschine ingen Lulaich. Name.

This name combines Scots and Gaelic, which is a step from period practice.

Evlaliia Svenevicha. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Godfrey Barlowe. Device. Per bend sinister vert and argent, a bend sinister Or fimbriated gules and in dexter chief two arrows inverted bendwise sinister Or.

Grey Niche, Barony of. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Thunder Pursuivant from Kingdom of Meridies.

Hesperis Ephesia. Device. Per bend sinister Or and sable, in base four pawprints in bend sinister bendwise sinister argent.

This device is clear of the badge of Catherine of St. Golias, Azure, in bend sinister three pawprints bendwise sinister argent, the centermost within a bow bendwise string to base Or. There is a CD for changes to the field and a CD for the change of number of primary charges, from three to four.

There is a step from period practice for the use of pawprints.

Jean Louis. Name and device. Gules, in pall a cross flory between three lion's heads cabossed Or.

Lasair ingen mhic Seoin. Device change. Azure, a flame and a chief engrailed argent.

Her old device, Vert, two unicorns rampant addorsed, in base three annulets interlaced one and two, a bordure argent, is released.

Mariel du Bois. Badge. (Fieldless) A mouse statant within and conjoined to an annulet argent.

This badge is clear of the badge of Robin of Rhovanion, Gules, a mouse courant within a spokeless Catherine's wheel argent. There is a CD for fieldlessness and a CD for the difference between an annulet and an annulet with projecting spokes.

Skallagrímr Bárðarson. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Submitted as Skallagrimr Bárðarson, the documentation for the given name showed an accent on the i. Accents must be used or dropped uniformly throughout a name. Since the accent is used on the byname, we have restored it to the given name in order to register the name.

Uchtan mac Duib. Name and device. Per fess vert and gules, a sword inverted winged argent, in base a lymphad Or in full sail argent.

MERIDIES

Elisabeth von Ravensburg. Name and device. Purpure, a cross Or between in bend two open books and in bend sinister two doves argent.

Submitted as Elisabeth von Ravensberg, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th-14th C German.

Period forms of the submitted byname found during the submitter's desired era include Ravenspurger 1321 (which would be Ravenspurgerin for a woman), von Ravenspurc 1280, and von Rafensburg 1273. Any of these is authentic for her desired period. Together, they imply that von Ravensburg is an expected form in this time period. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register the name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.

This device is not marshalling, by precedent:

Our rules require that the field be divided for it to have the appearance of marshalling or impalement. While the addition of a cross throughout does not remove the appearance of marshalling on a divided field, neither does it add the appearance of marshalling on a singly-tinctured field. [Isabelle of Carolingia, September 2008, R-East]

Guntram von Köln. Name and device. Sable, a wildcat sejant guardant Or, on a chief argent three single-sided combs purpure.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Thunder Pursuivant to Grey Niche, Barony of.

This was pended on the February 2010 LoAR.

Ruppert Kuster. Device. Vert, on a bend cotised between two Maltese crosses argent three shamrocks palewise vert.

Ruppert Kuster. Badge. Vert, on a Maltese cross argent four shamrocks stems to center vert.

Symonne de la Fontaine. Name (see RETURNS for device).

Listed on the LoI as Summone de la Fontaine, clarification from kingdom indicated the submitted form was Symonne. We have made this correction.

MIDDLE

Angelo di Antonio Machiavelli. Name and device. Quarterly sable and azure, an alphyn passant argent.

This device is clear of the badge of Kedivor Tal ap Cadugon, (Fieldless) A tyger passant argent enflamed azure. There is a CD for the difference between a fielded and fieldless design. We are overturning the following precedent:

[Returning Sable, papelonny argent, an alphyn passant Or] Visual conflict with ... Vert a heraldic tiger passant Or mane and tuft of the tail argent. There is clearly a CD for the changes to the field, but the visual similarities of the primary charges, combined with the lack of a clear heraldic difference in period, is too strong to grant the necessary second CD. [Raimund of Jutland, November 1993, R-Atenveldt]

Our current standard is based on heraldic difference in period. The alphyn and the tyger are both named period monsters. No basis for the phrase 'lack of clear heraldic difference in period' was found. Since the two types of charge are distinguished between in period, we will grant a CD between them unless examples are found that they are considered equivalent in period.

The device is also clear of the badge of Serena Lascelles, (Fieldless) A griffin passant argent. There is a CD for the difference between a fielded and fieldless design and at least a CD for the difference between a griffin and an alphyn. We generally grant a CD for the addition or removal of wings, considering them half the charge.

Carmela Angelica Adamo. Name and device. Per pale gules and vert, a lion argent and in chief three mullets Or.

Carmela Angelica Adamo. Badge. Per pale gules and vert, a cherub argent crined sable and in chief three mullets Or, a bordure counter-compony sable and argent.

Helena Sibylla. Device. Per pale vert and argent all semy-de-lys counterchanged.

Nice device!

Leopold von Haskenberg. Reblazon of device. Azure, an opinicus sejant maintaining in its dexter upraised forepaw a goblet Or.

Blazoned when registered as Azure, an opinicus sejant grasping in its dexter upraised forepaw a goblet Or, we are clarifying the relative sizes of the opinicus and the goblet.

Michel Le Marchant. Name and device. Vert, three coneys salient argent.

Great name!

This device is clear of the device of Eoin Cerd, Vert, three rabbits courant in annulo conjoined by the ears argent. There is a CD for the change of posture, from courant to salient, and a CD for the change of arrangement between two-and-one and in annulo.

OUTLANDS

Æðeluulf munuc. Device. Counter-ermine, a straight trumpet Or surmounted by a ram's head cabossed argent armed Or.

Æðeluulf munuc. Badge. Vert, a stag passant argent sustaining over its shoulder a cross-headed staff bendwise sinister Or.

Under current precedent, the staff is considered a sustained charge, since the length of the staff is as long as the largest dimension of the stag. The presence of the co-primary staff brings this armory clear of a number of potential conflicts.

Æðeluulf munuc. Badge. Barry wavy argent and azure, a herring haurient gules surmounted by a bar gemel sable.

This badge is clear of the device of Alaric fitz Madoc, Barry wavy azure and argent, a dolphin haurient to sinister gules. There is a CD for the difference between a heraldic dolphin, which is a monster, and a herring, which is a generic fish, by precedent:

We grant a CD between a dolphin and a generic fish. [Deirdre of Shadowdale, September 1992, A-Atlantia]

There is another CD for the addition of the overall charges, so the two designs are clear. Note that there is not a CD for change of posture, by precedent:

However, there is no difference between a fish haurient and a fish haurient to sinister, paralleling the analogous ruling concerning urinant: "[A dolphin urinant contourny proper] Conflict with... a dolphin urinant vert... There is... nothing for reversing the fish in this position. (LoAR May 1992 p.22)." Recall that with a palewise fish, it is not easy to tell which way the fish is facing. It is easier to tell which way a fish is facing when it is embowed, but the precedent cited applies specifically to dolphins, which are generally depicted with some sort of embowing, so presumably this was taken into account when the precedent was written. [Úna Baróid, February 2002, R-Ansteorra]

Andrew von Otelingen. Device. Argent, on a pile azure a fleur-de-lys argent, a bordure azure.

Briatiz d'Andrade. Name change from Kathryn Brian Chevreuil and badge. (Fieldless) A swan contourny ermine.

Her previous name, Kathryn Brian Chevreuil, is retained as an alternate name.

Please instruct the submitter to draw slightly more space between the neck and wings, to aid in identifiability.

Caer Galen, Barony of. Order name Order of the Book and Harp.

Nice order name!

Caer Galen, Barony of. Order name Order of Saint Louis with the Staff.

Listed on the LoI as Order of St. Louis with the Staff, the forms indicate that the name was changed to Order of Saint Louis with the Staff after submission. However, this change was not reflected on the LoI. As scribal abbreviations are not registerable, the form listed on the LoI is not registerable. We have made this correction.

Caer Galen, Barony of. Order name Order of Saint Michael with the Harp.

Listed on the LoI as Order of St. Michael with the Harp, the forms indicate that the name was changed to Order of Saint Michael with the Harp after submission. However, this change was not reflected on the LoI. As scribal abbreviations are not registerable, the form listed on the LoI is not registerable. We have made this correction.

Dauid of the Isles. Device. Or, a lymphad under sail gules, on a point pointed azure a compass star Or.

There is a step from period practice for the use of a compass star.

Elena Isabella de Glastonbury. Name.

Emma Lyliewhyt. Name.

Fontaine dans Sable, Barony of. Badge for Order of the Selchie. Argent, a three-tiered fountain sable spouting azure between in fess an ewer reversed and an ewer sable all within eight fleurs-de-lys in annulo, bases outward azure.

Kiyajin Qulan. Name.

The submitter requested authenticity for "Mongolia, 1400s". While we have not found explicit examples of the byname Kiyajin in the 15th C, it seems plausible.

Llywus ap Alan. Badge. (Fieldless) In fess a lit candle in a sconce Or sustained by a natural panther sejant sable.

Meliore Gimigna Fioravanti. Badge. (Fieldless) A pomegranate Or and a serpent gules entwined.

Sander Tauernier. Name change from Dominique Delvaux d'Ardennes.

His previous name, Dominique Delvaux d'Ardennes, is released.

Seóan mac Ruaidhrí Uí Cheallacháin. Device. Vert, on a chevron argent between three fleams reversed Or three gouttes de sang.

Thorfinn Greybeard. Augmentation. Argent, in pale a tree and in saltire a Viking bearded axe and a smithing hammer gules, and for augmentation, on a chief checky gules and argent three roundels Or.

Thorfinn Greybeard. Reblazon of device. Argent, in pale a tree and in saltire a Viking bearded axe and a smithing hammer gules.

Blazoned when registered as Argent, a tree and in saltire a Viking bearded axe and a smithing hammer gules, the tree is co-primary with the axe and hammer.

Vanna Lucia Taormina. Device. Quarterly sable and gules, a butterfly and a bordure embattled argent.

Wieslaw z Krakowa. Name and device. Argent, on a pile azure a fleur-de-lys argent, on a bordure azure in chief a label dovetailed and throughout Or.

Wieslaw is the submitter's legal middle name. As it is a given name by type, it is registerable as a given name.

William de Kari. Device. Per chevron Or semy of hurts and azure, a standing balance Or.

TRIMARIS

Alexander Valiant. Device. Argent, a cross moline gules within a bordure gules crusilly moline argent.

Ari of the Ruins. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Quarterly arrondi Or and sable, a bordure potenty gules.

Please instruct the submitter to draw the line of division as meeting in the center of the field at right angles.

Submitted under the name Ari Tyrbrandr.

Báethgalach an Tuir. Name.

Submitted as Báethgalach an Tórr, the byname an Tórr is not grammatically correct. While an Tórr 'the Tower' is a grammatically correct nominative case phrase in Gaelic, a phrase of this type takes the genitive case when it is used as a byname. Therefore, the submitted an Tórr is not registerable as a byname in Gaelic. The corresponding genitive case is an Tuir. We have changed the name to Báethgalach an Tuir to correct the grammar so that the name can be registered.

The name combines Middle and Early Modern Irish, which is a step from period practice. A wholly Middle Irish form is Báethgalach in Tuir. A wholly Early Modern Irish form is Baothghalach an Tuir.

Brithwynn Artor. Name.

Bryndis fasth{o,}ld. Name.

Listed on the LoI as Bryndis fasthalda, this name was submitted as Bryndis fasthaldi. The byname fasthalda was proposed as a feminine form of fasthaldi. However, according to the rules of feminization of adjectives given by Geirr Bassi on p. 19 of The Old Norse Name, the appropriate feminine form of fasthaldi is fasth{o,}ld. We have changed the name to Bryndis fasth{o,}ld in order to register it.

Caitriona inghean Ui Loingsigh. Name.

Coinneach Moray. Device. Azure, on a plate an owl displayed sable, on a chief embattled argent three daggers inverted sable.

There is a step from period practice for the use of an owl in the displayed posture.

Evgeniia Grigor'eva doch' Dubrovina. Name and device. Per bend sinister Or and vert, an oak leaf and a snail counterchanged.

Submitted as Evgeniia Griger'evna doch' Dubrovina, the submitter requested authenticity for "Russian/Slavic/Ukrainian" and allowed all changes.

No documentation was presented showing an -e- in the second vowel group in the name Grigorii (either in a given name form or a byname form) and none was found by the College. We have changed the byname from Grige- to Grigo- in order to register this name.

There was some question about the plausibility of doch' following a patronymic ending in -ovna or -evna. These forms inherently mean '[father's given name]'s daughter', so a form ending in -ovna/-evna followed by doch' 'daughter' would be redundant.

Sofia la Rus found two examples of masculine names ending in -evich/-ovich followed by syn 'son'. As -evich/-ovich inherently imply 'son', these examples illustrate a similar situation. However, the feminine parallel for masculine patronymic bynames ending in -evich/-ovich are feminine patronymic bynames ending in -evicha/-ovicha. The two examples found by Sofia are sufficient to give a submitter the benefit of the doubt on bynames constructed as -evicha doch' and -ovicha doch', making these constructions registerable, though not provably authentic. However, lacking a comparison of similarities in period usage between -evicha/-ovicha forms and -evna/-ovna forms, these sole two masculine examples are insufficient to grant benefit of the doubt for -evna doch' and -ovna doch' constructions, making these constructions not registerable.

Authentic forms of this byname would be Grigor'eva doch' and Grigor'evna (with doch' removed). As the first of these two is closer to the submitted form, we have changed the byname to Grigor'eva doch' in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name.

Geirúlfr mac an Gallóglaigh. Name and device. Sable, two spears in saltire and on a chief triangular argent, a wolf statant to sinister sable.

Listed on the LoI as Gerwulf MacAnGallóglaigh, this name was submitted as Gerwulf MacAnGallógly and changed at kingdom to match available documentation. There were multiple issues with this name.

The first issue is that Gerwulf was documented as Frisian and MacAnGallóglaigh as Gaelic, but no evidence was provided of significant contact between Frisian speakers and Gaelic speakers. Barring such evidence, names combining Frisian and Gaelic elements are not registerable.

As the submitter allows all changes, we are able to change the given name from a Frisian form to a form in a language that is registerable with Gaelic. Elmet found that forms of this name in other languages included "O.Dan. Gerulf, O.Swed. (Latin) Gerulphus, OW.Norse Geirúlfr". Gaelic and Old Norse are registerable with one step from period practice.

The second issue is that the byname must be demonstated to be compatible temporally with the Old Norse given name, so as not add a second step from period practice. Gallóglaigh appears in Gaelic as a reference to groups of foreign soldiers (from Scotland) who are in Ireland, known in modern English as Galloglasses. The earliest recorded group of Galloglasses in Ireland is from the second half of the 13th C. Woulfe, p. 313 s.n. Mac an Ghallóglaigh, dates the Anglicized Irish form M'Agaloglie to temp. Elizabeth I - James I. This surname literally translates as 'son of the Galloglass', showing support for a Gaelic form of Gallowglass having been used in period to describe a single member of this group and not solely as a term for the group as a whole. Also supporting this usage is an entry in the Annals of Ulster (vol. 3, entry U1435.10) which states, "Toirrdelbach Mac Domnaill, sai galloglach, mortuus est." The 19th C translation for this entry reads, "Toirdhelbach Mac Domnaill, an eminent gallowglass, died."

While we cannot be certain when the adjective gallóglach came into use to describe an individual, the entry above supports it by the mid-15th C, and it likely was in use at least somewhat earlier. It is plausible enough to be registerable as a late 13th C descriptive byname. Based on similarly constructed surnames, a man whose father had Gallóglach as a descriptive byname would have had a byname of mac an Gallóglaigh - literally meaning his father was a Galloglass.

As mac an Galloglach is plausible as a late 13th C byname, there is not an a second step from period practice for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years between the Old Norse given name and the Gaelic byname. We have changed the name to Geirúlfr mac an Gallóglaigh in order to register this name.

If the submitter is interested in a name meaning that he (rather than his father) is a Gallowglass, a registerable name that would have this meaning is Geirúlfr Gallóglach.

Commenters asked if this device blurs the line between a chief triangular and a per chevron inverted field. It does not. While several precedents were cited where devices were returned for being drawn somewhere between chaussé, a pile, and a chief triangular, only the most recent submission of the four matches this device. The rest have the triangular portion extending well past the per fess tickmarks on the form. In one case, it is nearly throughout. In the future, we will accept chiefs triangular which do not reach past the horizontal tick marks with an artist note.

Please instruct the submitter that the chief triangular extends too far into the field. The central point of a chief triangular should reach no more than a third of the way into the field.

Gunnólfr járnhauss. Name.

Haakon Bjornsson. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Gold Axe Herald from Kingdom of Trimaris.

Herman van der Brugghe. Name and device. Sable, a chevron inverted gules fimbriated argent between three bells and a tower Or.

Submitted as Herman vander Brugghe, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th-15th C. Both elements were documented to the 16th C on the LoI. Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Dutch Names 1358-1361", lists both Herman and van der Brugghe. We have changed the name to Herman van_der Brugghe in order to meet his request for authenticity.

Isabel Margarita de Sotomayor y Pérez de Gerena. Device. Per pale gules and sable, on a lozenge argent a domestic cat passant guardant contourny sable, a bordure argent.

Khalida al-Zarqa'. Name and device. Argent, a domestic cat rampant purpure between three roundels azure, a bordure purpure.

Submitted as Khalida al_Zarqá, the documentation spelled the byname al-Zarqa'. We have corrected the byname to the documented form in order to register this name.

Kinet of Ravensclough. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, three garbs Or and a dolphin haurient argent.

Submitted as Kenet of Ravens_Clough, the given name Kenet was documented via the legal name allowance. However, no proof was provided that Kenet is a part of her legal name. The LoI said that a copy of the birth certificate was provided, but it was not sent to Laurel. Lacking such support, this name is not registerable under the Legal Name Allowance.

Edelweiss found "Kenet Power baptized 1st May 1631, Chilham, Kent" from extracted parish records. Given this Gray-Area example, we are able to register Kenet as a given name.

Ravens Clough was documented as a modern place name. All period examples of names containing these elements that we could find combined the two elements into one word, e.g., Ravensclough. We have also made this change so that the byname uses a period form.

Lorccan mac Dubhghaill. Name and device. Azure, a snake nowed argent and a bordure argent semy of annulets sable.

Submitted as Lorcann an Dubhghaill, there were problems with both the given name and the byname.

The given name was documented from Academy of Saint Gabriel Report #2635, which listed Lorcánn as an earlier-period form of Lorcan. However, this citation was in error; the early-period form of Lorcan is Lorccán. (The Academy report has been corrected.)

The byname an Dubhghaill is not correctly constructed. Dubhghaill was documented as the genitive (possessive) form of Dubhghall, a personal name. No evidence was provided that Dughbhall could be used as part of a descriptive byname such as na Dubhghaill. The correct way to form a byname from Dubhghall is to make a patronymic, i.e., mac Dubhghaill. We have changed the name to Lorccan mac Dubhghaill in order to register it. This name combines Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish, which is a step from period practice.

The LoI included in the documentation the reference: "Woulfe, p. 353, under Mac Dubhghaill, 'son of Dubhghall (the black-stranger, a name given by the Irish to the Danes)". If the submitter desires a byname referring to a Norseman or Dane rather than a byname meaning his father's name was Dubhghall, then the byname Lochlandach 'Danish' may meet his desires (see http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/Lochlandach.shtml). The words Dubgall (literally 'dark foreigners') and Finngall (literally 'light/fair foreigners') were used as terms to refer to groups of Scandinavian invaders. However, while the words were used to refer to the groups, and Dubgall came to be used as a given name as well, no evidence was found of either used as descriptive bynames or as descriptive terms used to indicate a single person from one of those groups. Lacking such evidence, these terms are not registerable as descriptive bynames.

Lorencz Grant. Name.

Submitted as Lorenz Grandt, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th-14th C German.

Lorenz was dated to 1451-1500 on the LoI, and no date for Grandt was provided. The given name appears as Lorencz in 1333, 1352, 1354, 1372, 1384, and 1397 in Talan Gwynek, "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia". Pelican Emeritis found a non-normalized example of Lorenz dated to 1307 at the MOM Collabrative Archive (http://www.mom-ca.uni-koeln.de/MOM-CA/show_charterDetail_Action.do?id=237727&highlight=yes&type=advanced). Bahlow, Deutsches Namenlexikon, s.n. Grandt, dates Grant 1320.

Based on these examples, w have changed the name to Lorenz Grant to meet his request for authenticity and to register this name.

Miklos von Baeker. Name and device. Quarterly argent and purpure, two kettle drums bendwise sinister argent, a bordure counterchanged.

The byname von Baeker is grandfathered to the submitter; it is the registered byname of his father Alrick von Baeker.

There is a step from period practice for combining Hungarian and German in a name. As the submitter's father's name does not mix Hungarian and German, this step from period practice is not covered by the Grandfather Clause.

Peire de Narbona. Name.

Sean Ó Tuathail. Device. Sable, two sea dragons respectant argent and a bordure argent crusilly Latin sable.

Sibilla Daine. Name and device. Gules, in pale three wolves passant, the center contourny, argent within a bordure gyronny sable and Or each gyron charged with a tower counterchanged.

Þorfinnr inn svarti gylðir. Name and device. Per pale Or and argent, in fess a wolf rampant contourny azure between two swords gules.

Listed on the LoI as Þorfinnr_svartgylðir, the submitter requested authenticity for Norse.

The name was originally submitted as Þorfinnr svarti gylöir, and changed in kingdom to match the documentation. However, the changed form is still not correct. The provided documentation spells the first byname inn svarti, and does not support the combination of the two bynames inn svarti 'the black' and gylðir 'howler, wolf' into one byname. Previous precedent concerning <color> + <animal> bynames in Old Norse says:

However, no examples of Old Norse bynames of the form color+animal have been found; by precedent they are not registerable:

[Kristin Hvithestr]. Lacking solid evidence of a clear pattern of descriptive bynames of the form [color] + [animal] in Old Norse, there is no support for the submitted Hvithestr as a plausible descriptive byname in Old Norse. (West, Dec 2003)

[Hamr grar Úlfr, LoAR 10/2005, Calontir-R]

However, the name is registerable with the two bynames separated. Precedent states:

This name contains two non-patronymic bynames in Norse, which has previously been cause for return. Gunnvör silfrahärr (formerly Gunnora Hallakarva) found examples of people who were referred to using two non-patronymic bynames simultaneously. She provided the following examples and translations so each name may be viewed in context:

(1) Þórsteinn surts inn spaka (Thórsteinn Black the Wise) - Laxdæla saga (c. 1245), ch. 6. ósk hét hin fjórða dóttir Þórsteins rauðs. Hún var móðir Þorsteins surts hins spaka er fann sumarauka. [ósk was the name of the fourth daughter of Þórsteinn rauðr. She was the mother of Þórsteinn surts inn spaka, who found the "Summer eke".]

(2) Ari prests hins fróði (Ari the priest the wise) - Landnámabók ch. 83. Þórsteinn Hallsson var faðir Gyðríðar, móður Jóreiðar, móður Ara prests hins fróða. [Þórsteinn Hallsson was the father of Gyðríðr, who was the mother of Jóreiðr, who was the mother of Ari prests hins fróða.]

(3) Þórolfr Mostrarskeggr - Eyrbyggja saga ch. 3 (prepended and appended by-names) Hrólfr var höfðingi mikill og hinn mesti rausnarmaður. Hann varðveitti þar í eyjunni Þórshof og var mikill vinur Þórs og af því var hann Þórólfr kallaður. Hann var mikill maður og sterkur, fríður sýnum og hafði skegg mikið. Því var hann kallaður Mostrarskegg. [Hrólfr was a mighty chief, and a man of the greatest largesse. He had the ward of Thór's temple there in the island, and was a great friend of Thór, and therefore he was called Þórolfr. He was a big man and a strong, fair to look on, and had a great beard; therefore was he called Mostrarskeggr, and he was the noblest man in the island.

Given these examples, a name using two non-patronymic bynames in Old Norse is registerable so long as the bynames could reasonably be used to simultaneously describe the same person. In the case of the submitted name, the two bynames mean 'shrieking' and 'woman from the Orkney Islands'. These bynames have different meanings and could both have described the same person at the same point in her life. Therefore, this name is registerable. [Þórdís gjallandi eyverska, 05/2002, A-Outlands]

We have changed the name to Þorfinnr inn svarti_gylðir in order to register this name and to meet his request for authenticity. An Old Norse name containing two descriptive bynames is extremely rare, but it is a documented pattern as described above. As such, this name is authentic for Norse as requested by the submitter.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Gold Axe Herald to Haakon Bjornsson.

William Ulf. Device. Per fess sable and gules, in chief two swords in saltire argent and in base in fess a sword inverted Or between two Latin doubled crosses crosslet argent.

Commenters asked whether this cross is a step from period practice, and in one case called for its return for lack of documentation. A cross as seen in this submission appears on page 416 of Raneke, Svenska Medeltidsvapen. Another appears in 1548 issuant from a trimount as the arms of Hungary on plate 92 of Vigil Rabers Neustifter Wappenbuch, by Harwick W. Arch. It is therefore registerable and not a step from period practice.

WEST

Annora Raines. Device. Per pale gules and Or, a fleur-de-lys counterchanged Or and sable.

This device is clear of the badge of Yseult de Cherbourg, (Fieldless) Two swords in saltire per pale sable and Or surmounted by a fleur-de-lys per pale Or and sable, by X.1. In Yseult's badge, the swords are the primary charge group and the fleur-de-lys is an overall charge group.

Breock of Whitby. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) In pale an urchin statant atop a strawberry fesswise reversed proper.

Blazoned when registered as (Fieldless) A brown urchin statant atop a strawberry fesswise reversed proper, we are adding information about the relative size of the charges. They are co-primary charges. In addition, an urchin proper is brown with a white face and belly, while a brown urchin proper would be all brown. The urchin in this emblazon has a white belly.

Conrad Jäger von Thüringen. Name.

Cynehild Cynesigesdohtor. Name change from Clare de Norwude.

The submitter requested authenticity for 9th-10th C Anglo-Saxon. The only example of Cynehild that we found is from a book written by someone who died in the middle of the 8th C. Lacking later examples of the name, we cannot confirm that this name is authentic for her desired period.

Her previous name, Clare de Norwude, is retained as an alternate name.

Faolán an Fhasaigh. Name and device. Sable, a wolf passant reguardant and on a chief invected argent two Thor's hammers sable.

The documentation for the name was not adequately summarized on the LoI; neither the URL for the cited article nor the gloss of the byname were listed. Had the commenters not provided the missing information, we would have been forced to pend or return this submission.

Faolán an Fhasaigh. Badge. Sable, a wolf's head erased contourny and on a chief invected argent two Thor's hammers sable.

Gwynaeth de Sancta Maria de Petra Fertilis. Reblazon of badge. Or, in pale an iris purpure slipped and leaved vert issuant from a rock fracted sable.

Blazoned when registered as Or, issuant from a rock fracted sable, an iris purpure slipped and leaved vert, the charges are co-primary.

Irja Laulaa. Reblazon of badge. Azure, a pellet fimbriated and winged Or.

Blazoned when registered as Azure, a sun eclipsed, winged Or, the central charge is a roundel, not a sun.

Lleucu Bengam. Name.

Margrethe of Traeet. Reblazon of device. Or semy of pine trees couped, a daisy proper.

Blazoned when registered as Or, semé of Jerusalem Pine Trees, overall a daisy flower proper. [Pinus halepensis, Bellis perennis], the blossom is not overall. One of the trees is partially cut off, but this is a frequent depiction of semy charges around (and underneath) a primary charge.

Roger the Goliard. Reblazon of badge. Azure, on a demi-sun issuant from base Or in fess a mandolin bendwise sinister, a recorder bendwise, and a wood-framed tambourine all proper, in chief three doves volant argent.

Blazoned when registered as Azure, issuant from base a sun Or debruised of a mandolin, a recorder, and a tambourine, all proper, in chief three doves volant argent, that blazon has the instruments as overall charges. The emblazon shows them entirely on the sun. While there is not really any way to blazon the arrangement of the instruments, we have done our best.

- Explicit littera accipiendorum -


THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

ÆTHELMEARC

Hrafn Haraldsson. Device change. Per pale argent and sable, a raven displayed within a bordure embattled counterchanged.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Konrad der Alder von Lübeck, Per pale argent and sable, a double-headed eagle and in base an open book counterchanged. Under our current rules, there is a single CD for the change from an open book to a bordure embattled. There is no difference granted between a raven displayed and an eagle displayed, or for the change of number of heads.

Please remind the submitter that, the use of a raven displayed is a step from period practice.

Katla úlfhéðinn and Thorgrim Skullsplitter. Badge. Gules, a bend sinister counterermine fimbriated between two crosses of Cerdaña argent.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Edward Tremaine, Gules, a bend sinister counter-ermine between a pegasus rampant to sinister and a fleam argent. There is a single CD for the change of type of secondary charges. We do not grant difference for fimbriation.

We have stated a ban on crosses of Cerdaña after the August 2010 meeting, but we do not wish to penalize these submitters. If Katla and Thorgrim resubmit a badge with such a cross in a timely fashion, it will not be returned for violating our ban on such crosses.

AN TIR

Cara da Fortuna. Device. Argent, on a chevron vert between three billets vert each issuant from flames paly gules and Or three bezants.

This device is returned for violating Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." The combination of the symmetrical depiction of the flames with the paly tincturing rendered them unidentifiable by nearly all commenters.

Sara de Bonneville. Badge. (Fieldless) A fleur-de-lys sable and overall a fox's mask argent.

This device is returned for violating our ban on so-called 'barely overall' charges. Were the fox's mask larger, we could blazon it as surmounting the fleur-de-lys, or overall, and expect the emblazon to be reliably reproduced from the blazon. The mask is also not 'on' the fleur-de-lys, which would require it to be entirely surrounded by the sable of the fleur-de-lys, with no overlap of the outlines of the charges.

Commenters asked if this design was a step from period practice for using a non-leopard's head jessant-de-lys. The fleur-de-lys does not appear to be projecting from the mouth of the fox, so this is not a jessant-de-lys arrangement and there would be no step from period practice.

ANSTEORRA

None.

ATENVELDT

Ascelina Alánn ingen Ailella. Badge. (Fieldless) On a flame gules a bat-winged unicorn rampant argent, breathing flames Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Grimn the Hele-Bourne, Sable, upon a flame gules fimbriated Or, a skull argent, and the device of Reginleif the Unruly, Sable, on a flame gules fimbriated Or a rough-legged draught horse forcene argent. In each case, there is a CD for the difference between a fielded and a fieldless design. There is no CD for fimbriating the flame on Grimn's and Reginleif's armory. By current standards, flames are too complex a charge to void or fimbriate; therefore, there also is not a CD for the change of only the type of the tertiary charge, under section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submissions.

Nefastus Maximus Antipater. Name.

There were a number of issues with this name. Metron Ariston provided an analysis of these issues:

The first and most drastic problem is that all three of the elements are cognomina. (The distinction you see in some sources between a cognomen and an agnomen derives from very late Latin grammarians and has little or no real relevance to actual Roman practice). While it is true that at some periods, particularly in the later imperial period, you would not see the full praenomen + nomen + cognomen in all names, I do not think I have ever seen an example, even in the immediate imperial circle, of a name consisting only of three cognomina.

Secondly, the Maximus generally occurs at the end of the a person's name whether it is being used as a true cognomen or merely an ad hoc descriptive.

Thirdly, I have not been able to find any example of the adjective nefastus used as a cognomen and, while it is true that some negative descriptives were used as cognomina, the connotations of the term go far beyond the simple "unlucky". As Lewis and Short note in their Latin Dictionary (s.n. nefastus), the original meaning was closely associated with the dies nefasti, i.e., "days on which judgment could not be pronounced or assemblies of the people be held". From this derived several transferred meanings: "contrary to the sacred rites or to religion; irreligious, impious" or, more generally, "wicked, profane, abandoned" or "Unlucky, inauspicious" or even "hurtful, injurious". However, the examples Lewis and Short cite are fairly clearly associated with deeds, actions, events, etc. and go far beyond the simple "unlucky" which would be more likely to be infelix which is the antonym of the documented descriptive cognomen Felix.

There are several ways in which these issues can be addressed. In each case, the submitter would need to choose a praenomen and a nomen. He could then follow the praenomen and nomen with Antipater and/or Maximus.

There was some question about the plausibility of cognomina with negative meanings. The commenters found period cognomina with negative meanings, but none of the same type as Nefastus. We are providing those cognomina here in the event that one of them may appeal to the submitter.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael was able to find cognomina with negative meanings in Kajanto, Iiro. The Latin cognomina (Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1965):

Cognomina with derogatory mental meanings that he lists (p. 264ff) are:

harsh, cruel: Acidus, Asper, Atrox, Durus, Imperiosus, Importunus, Mordax, Tetricus, Aculeo

injurious, destructive: Exitiosus, Funestus, Iniuriosus, Luctosa, Malificia, Malus, Molestus, Nocentianus, Nocidius, Periculosa, Venenio

misleader: Seductor

quarrelsome, troublesome: Pugnax, Turbantiuis, Rixa

violent, passionate: Acer, Ferox, Fervida, Ferullus, Torentiuis, Vehemens, Violens

The specific meanings of each as found in William Whitaker's Words (http://www.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe) are:

Acidus - 'acid, sour, bitter; shrill, sharp-tongued'
Asper - 'rude, unrefined; cruel, violent, savage, raging, drastic; stern/severe/bitter; hard; rough/uneven/shaggy, coarse, harsh; embossed/encrusted; (mint condition coins); sharp/pointed, jagged/irregular, rugged/severe; sour, pungent, grating, keen'
Atrox - 'fierce, savage, bloody; heinous, cruel; severe; terrible, frightening, dreadful'
Durus - 'hard, stern; harsh, rough, vigorous; cruel, unfeeling, inflexible; durable'
Imperiosus - 'powerful, domineering, masterful; dictatorial, imperious'
Importunus - 'inconvenient; annoying; rude; monstrous, unnatural; ruthless, cruel, hard'
Mordax - 'biting, snappish; tart; cutting, sharp; caustic'
Tetricus - 'harsh, gloomy, severe'
Exitiosus - 'destructive, pernicious, deadly'
Funestus - 'deadly, fatal; sad; calamitous; destructive'
Iniuriosus - 'wrongful, insulting'
Malus - 'bad, evil, wicked; ugly; unlucky'
Molestus - 'annoying; troublesome; tiresome'
Nocentianus - related to noceo 'harm, hurt, injure'
Periculosa - 'dangerous, hazardous, perilous; threatening'
Seductor - seducer
Pugnax - pugnacious
Turbantius - related to turbo 'disturb, agitate, throw into confusion'
Rixa - 'violent or noisy quarrel, brawl, dispute'
Acer - 'sharp, bitter, pointed, piercing, shrill; sagacious, keen; severe, vigorous'
Ferox - 'wild, bold; warlike; cruel; defiant, arrogant'
Fervida - 'glowing; boiling hot; fiery, torrid, roused, fervid; hot blooded'
Vehemens - 'violent, severe, vehement; emphatic, vigorous, lively'
Violens - 'violent'

Based on all of the information provided by the commenters, the options that the submitter may wish to consider include the contruction patterns:

[praenomen] [nomen] Antipater
[praenomen] [nomen] Maximus
[praenomen] [nomen] Antipater Maximus
[praenomen] [nomen] [negative cognomen ] Maximus
[praenomen] [nomen] [negative cognomen] Antipater
[praenomen] [nomen] Antipater [negative cognomen]
[praenomen] [nomen] [negative cognomen] Antipater Maximus
[praenomen] [nomen] Antipater [negative cognomen] Maximus

In these cases, "[praenomen]" and "[nomen]" indicates a praenomen and a nomen that the submitter would choose and "[negative cognomen]" indicates a negative cognomen of the type listed in Aryanhwy's comments above. The list she provides is an excellent starting point for the submitter.

Email from the submitter indicated that he would rather have the submission returned than have changes made; therefore, we are returning the name at this time so that he may consider his options and choose one he prefers.

Safiya bint Ahmad ibn Abdullah. Device. Azure, within and conjoined to the horns of a decrescent argent a rose, an orle of roses Or barbed vert.

This device is returned for using two of the same type of charge in different charge groups on the field. Precedent says:

[returning Argent, on a mullet of seven points vert a griffin couchant, wings close, Or, in chief two mullets of seven points vert...] The use of two different sizes of the same charge, especially when they then cause some confusion as to whether there is one group of primary charges or a primary charge and group of secondary charges, as here, has been cause for return in the past. (See, e.g., LoAR of March 1992, p. 15). Drawing all three mullets the same size, or choosing a different set of charges to go in chief, would cure this problem. (Alexandria Elizabeth Vallandigham of Cambria, 7/95 p. 7)

This device suffers from the same problem, made worse by the fact that the rose between the horns of the crescent is a maintained charge, which does not count for difference, yet it is larger than the roses in orle. Several commenters were confused as to whether this device has strewn roses, rather than an orle and the maintained charge.

Safiya bint Ahmad ibn Abdullah. Badge. (Fieldless) Within and conjoined to the horns of a decrescent argent a rose Or barbed vert.

This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Eirikr Tryggvasson, (Fieldless) Within and conjoined to a decrescent argent a mullet of seven points sable. The rose and the mullet are each maintained charges, meaning that this is, effectively, an identical design. There is technically a CD for fieldlessness, but maintained charges do not count for difference.

Twin Moons, Barony of. Badge. Azure, on a pall inverted bretessed nowed of a triangle inverted between in chief two increscents argent, a flanged mace azure.

This device is returned because the tertiary charge is unidentifiable. Guesses ranged from an oar to a swizzle stick. Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their emblazon."

The Barony may wish to know that the prominent triangle nowing present in this submission is not present in any of their registered armory, contrary to the images shown on the baronial award gallery webpage.

ATLANTIA

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Bull Pursuivant.

This title conflicts with the East Kingdom's Bell Pursuivant. The change of a single vowel is not a significant difference in either sound or appearance. The names are, however, different enough that this could be registered with permission to conflict from the East Kingdom.

Eiríkr Þórisson. Name.

This name conflicts with both Eirikr Thorinsson and Eiríkr Thórisson. In both cases, the names are not significantly different in sound or appearance.

Jean Claude de Calais. Device. Azure, two rams combatant and a cross flory fitchy argent.

This device has been withdrawn by the submitter.

Loren MacCay. Name.

This name conflicts with Lore MacKay. In our period, Lore was pronounced with two syllables. So, the only difference in sound is the addition of the terminal \n\, which is not a significant difference.

Sabelina Portefleur. Device. Sable, on a spider Or a quill pen purpure.

This device is returned because commenters were unable to identify the quill pen as a separate charge, many of them considering it some form of internal detailing of the spider. Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions requires that "Elements must be identifiable solely from their appearance." While the quill pen is very well drawn, the overall design renders it unidentifiable due to its small size.

CAID

None.

DRACHENWALD

Morann Mac Leod. Name and device. Per fess argent and azure, a horse courant sable and three mullets of eight points argent.

This name conflicts with Morgan MacLeod; the two given names are not significantly different in appearance. This also conflicts with Maura MacLeod; the two given names are not significantly different in sound.

This device is in conflict with the device of Bjólfr Hróðgeirsson, Per fess argent and azure, a bear's paw print sable and a compass star elongated to base argent. Precedent says:

While commentary was somewhat split on this issue, the general feeling was that to modify the Rules to define half a group by line of division or as those charges on either side of an ordinary would only serve to encourage unbalanced armory. On the other hand, there are times when the visual impact of changes to charges which amount to 'less than half the group' should be granted more difference. As a consequence, we are adopting Lady Dolphin's (now Lady Crescent) suggestion of allowing two changes to the minority of a group (i.e., the 'lesser' half of a group of charges lying on either side of a line of field division or an ordinary) being sufficient for a Clear Difference. For example, 'Per bend sinister sable and Or, a decrescent moon Or and three fir trees proper' would be allowed two CDs from 'Per bend sinister azure and argent, a bear's head argent and three fir trees vert' with one CD for the field and another for the two changes to the charge in dexter chief. [Cover Letter, Nov 1991]

Therefore, there is a single CD, for the change of number of primary charges, from two to four. There is not another CD for changing only the type of the charge in chief, since it is less than half the group numerically.

EAST

Alton of Grimfells. Device. Azure estoilly argent, a sun Or eclipsed sable.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Stefan of Seawood, Azure, upon a sun Or an eagle displayed sable. There is one CD for adding the estoiles, but a sun is too complex a charge to void or fimbriate, so there is not a CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charge.

Amis Mwyn. Device. Or, a saltire azure fretted of a mascle gules.

This device conflicts with the badge of the Midrealm's Award of the Purple Fret, Or, a fret purpure. There is a single CD for the change of tincture of the primary charge. The charge here is visually equivallent to a fret, which is "a bend and a bend sinister fretted of a mascle." The only difference is some internal detailing.

Caer Adamant, Shire of. Badge. Azure, a pale vert fimbriated Or.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Cherie des Jardins, Azure, on a pale Or three crescents azure. When we consider the submitted badge as Azure, on a pale Or a pale vert, there is a single CD for changes to the tertiary charges.

It is also a conflict, under the same interpretation, with the flag of Barbados, Azure, on a pale Or a trident head sable. Again, there is a CD for the change of type of the tertiary charge, but nothing else.

Catherine of Carillion. Badge. Azure, on a bend between two mullets of seven points argent a decrescent palewise sable.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Clara d'Este, Azure, on a bend between six compass stars argent, a decrescent palewise azure. There is a CD for the change of number of the secondary charges, but no CD for changing the type of the secondary charges from compass stars to seven-pointed mullets and no CD for changing only the tincture of the tertiary charge.

Connor McPhaddin. Device. Per chevron argent and azure, two Thor's hammers azure and two spears in saltire Or surmounted by a wolf's head couped argent.

This device is returned for using three charge types in a single charge group. Precedent says:

[Per bend wavy argent and vert, a frog vert and a pair of rapiers in saltire argent surmounted by a rose Or barbed argent seeded gules.] This device violates RfS VIII.1.a, which states that "three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group." Although the rose is technically overall, its size and location make it appear to be a part of the primary charge group. This problem has been previously discussed in precedent. For example, returning (Fieldless) A quill pen and a rapier crossed in saltire and overall a compass star all argent, precedent states, "[This] is a single group of three dissimilar charges, which violates RFS VIII.1.a." [Valentine Michael de La Fère, 8/91, R-Outlands]. Similarly, the rapiers and rose in this device are a single group of two dissimilar charges and are also co-primary with the frog, resulting in a primary charge group that includes three dissimilar charges. [Frederick Alton, 06/05, R-Gleann Abhann]

Similarly, the charges in base, here, have the same problem: they appear to be in the same group. Thus, the primary charge group visually has three types of charge: hammers, spears, and wolf's head. This violates section VIII.1.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says that "three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group."

Dughdhova yi Shirazi. Name.

This name is returned for several issues.

The LoI stated that, "Meaning (given name starting with D + 'yi Shirazi') most important", and that, "The submitter is aware that there is a temporal difference of ~2000 years in the name elements, and is willing to accept a more modern Persian version of the given name or another name starting with 'D'."

Dughdhova was documented solely as the name of the mother of Zarathustra, the founder of the Zorastrianism religion who lived in the 10th-11th C BCE.

The remainder of the name was documented from Aryanhwy merch Catmael and Ursula Georges: "Persian Feminine Names from the Safavid Period" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ursula/persian.html), which cites Nihânî-yi Shirâzî as the name of a poetess from the end of the 15th and early 16th C.

Therefore, this name has a temporal disparity of approximately 2500 years, well more than what is registerable. The commenters were unable to find a medieval Persian form of this name. There was also some question whether this name falls under the literary name allowance and is registerable. As no medieval form of the name was found, changing Dughdhova to a medieval form is not an option. Therefore, we decline to rule on that issue at this time.

An additional issue is that -yi is a part of a given name, not a separate name element. Lacking support of yi as a separate name element, it is not registerable as such. Further, since -yi is documented as 15th-16th C Persian, to combine it with any other language would violate RfS III.1.a which requires linguistic consistency in a name element.

The commenters were unable to find a name starting with 'D' close to the sound of Dughdhova that was compatible with -yi. Changing the entire given name to a name starting with 'D' that sounds quite different from Dughdhova is well more than what is expected even in a major change. Therefore, we are returning this name and providing the submitter with some suggestions in the hopes that one may appeal to her.

Given that "given name starting with D + 'yi Shirazi'" is most important to her, choosing a given name starting with 'D' from the same article (cited above) from which -yi Shirâzî is documented would be her best choice to avoid linguistic issues. There are two given names starting with 'D' in this article: D.a'ifî and Dûstî. Therefore, D.a'ifî-yi Shirâzî and Dûstî-yi Shirâzî are registerable names that meet the criteria that she stated were most important to her.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Dena of Silver Rylle.

Ealawynn verch Cynddelw. Name.

This name combines Old English and Welsh, which is one step from period practice.

Technically, according to the documentation, there is a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years between the 850 date for the given name, which was found by the commenters, and the 1155 date for the earliest existence of some form of the patronym which was able to be found. However, the reference for that date was the beginning date for the activity period for a poet. It is reasonable to assume that a poet was born something more than 5 years before he reach a recognizable level of activity. Therefore, this name may be considered to have less than 300 years difference between use of the name phrases.

However, the spelling Cynddelw was not dated to 1155. Instead, this is a modern header form which was not shown to be a period.

Therefore, we must return this name for lack of documentation of Cynddelw as a period form of this name used early enough to be compatible with an Old English name dated to no later than 850.

Eva Brangwyne. Name and device. Azure, a two-legged whale within a bordure nebuly argent.

The name conflicts with Eva Brangweyn; the bynames are insignificantly different in sound and spelling.

Unfortunately, this beautiful period depiction of a whale is in conflict with the badge for the Barony of Aquaterra's Order of the Silver Dolphin, Azure, a dolphin and a bordure nebuly argent. There is a single CD for the difference between a heraldic dolphin and the legged whale pictured here, and no difference between wavy and nebuly.

Joscelin le esqurel. Device. Per bend sinister purpure and sable, a squirrel within an orle of acorns Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Kallista Morgunova, Purpure, a squirrel maintaining an acorn within an orle of nine acorns Or, registered last month through the kingdom of Æthelmearc. There is a single CD for the changes to the field.

Lü An-Hua. Name.

This is returned for problems with the construction of the given name An-Hua. An and Hua were documented as feminine given names in Yin Mei Li, "Feminine Chinese Names". However, no support was provided for combining the two elements into a single element An-Hua, or for the use of two separate given names at the same time in a Chinese name. Without evidence that An-Hua is a plausible medieval Chinese given name, it is not registerable. The documentation supports either Lü An or Lü Hua. However, we cannot drop one of the elements to register the name in either form as the submitter does not allow major changes.

Her device has been registered under the holding name Maxine of Settmour Swamp.

Magnus Morte. Badge for Knot and Snake House. Per pale azure and argent, a snake nowed in a Cavendish knot palewise argent.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Frewin Finnbogason, Per saltire gules and sable, a Norse serpent nowed argent. There is a single CD for the changes to the field.

The badge is also returned for conflict with the device of Asbjorn Gustavsson of Roed, Azure, a Norse Jelling-beast nowed, erect and reversed argent, with a single CD for the field. The reversing of the Jelling-beast in Asbjorn's device refers to the position of the head, which we do not count for difference.

The badge is, however, clear of the device of Dustin the Harmless, Per pale azure and argent, a snake erect counterchanged. There are CDs for the change of posture and tincture of the primary charge.

Magnús {oe}ðikollr. Device. Gules, an open book Or bound sable en soleil Or, on a chief argent a bear passant sable.

This device is returned for lack of identifiability caused by lack of contrast. Books are generally considered to be tinctured based on the pages, not the binding. This design, therefore, has an Or book on an Or sun, which renders the book nearly unidentifiable. Section VIII.3 of the Rules for Submissions requires that "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability", and continues to say that "marginal contrast" is one of the ways elements may be rendered unidentifiable. That is the case here.

Nkante n gheren. Name.

As submitted, this name lacks a given name, and so violates RfS III.2.a Name Styles which states, "A personal name must contain a given name and at least one byname." Nkante was documented as a variant of Kante, the name of a smith clan in the Sunjata Epic, an oral epic tale based on early 13th C events in the life of Sunjata Keita, the founder of the West African Mali empire. The tale has characters Sumaworo Kanté (the antagonist in the story) and Diouma Kanté (var. Kumba Kante, Kankoba of the Kante clan, Kangoba Kanté, etc) according to Conrad, "Searching for History in the Sunjata Epic: The Case of Fakoli". As the byname of multiple ordinary humans in a well-known period tale, it is registerable via the literary names allowance. However, the submitted name would need the addition of a given name before it could be registered.

His device has been registered under the holding name, Damon of Bhakail.

Óláfr Haraldsson. Name.

This conflicts with Óláfr Haraldsson, King of Norway from 1015 to 1028. As a sovereign ruler in our period, Óláfr is important enough to protect from conflict.

His badge has been registered under the holding name Óláfr of Northern Outpost.

Rainillt Leia de Bello Marisco. Device change. Per chevron sable semy-de-lys argent and sable, a chevron Or and in base a swan naiant argent.

This device is returned for using strewn charges on only part of a singly-tinctured field. Precedent says:

Current precedent disallows strewn charges on only part of a plain field, even when the field has a "natural" division such as an ordinary (see July 1998 LoAR, Miriel MacGregor), barring evidence that such fields were used in period armory. [Bohémond le Sinistre, 01/2001, Outlands]

This precedent was not overturned by the registration in November 2009 of the device of Tvoislava Michelovna, Per bend sinister argent and argent goutty de larmes, on a bend sinister azure three roses argent, in chief a threaded needle bendwise sinister inverted sable. That registration did not have a comment beyond an artist note and, by precedent:

Please note that registrations without comment do not establish precedent. [Magdelena Drucker, 02/2003, R-Æthelmearc]

GLEANN ABHANN

Eibhilín Núinnseann. Device. Gules, on a chevron argent between two natural tigers sejant respectant argent striped sable and a bow nocked with an arrow argent three shamrocks vert.

This device is returned for violating our complexity rules. With four tinctures (gules, argent, sable, vert) and five charge types (chevron, tiger, bow, arrow, shamrock), it has a complexity count of nine.

While we allow devices with good period style to exceed this limit, natural tigers are fauna which are not native to Europe. Section VII.4 of the Rules for Submissions says that non-native fauna not known to be used in armory is a step from period practice. Since there is a step from period practice, this device does not have good period style, and must be returned.

Evlaliia Svenevicha. Device. Per pale vert and sable, eight Tyr runes in annulo, bases to center Or.

This device is returned for being composed entirely of abstract charges, which violates precedent:

We therefore extend the ban on single abstract charges to cover any armory consisting solely of abstract charges, in any language (e.g., Japanese kanji, Norse runes, Arabic script, etc.). This applies whether the armory consists of a single word or a phrase. [Yamahara Yorimasa, March 2006, R-Æthelmearc]

Since this armory is composed entirely of Tyr runes, it violates this ban.

Skallagrímr Bárðarson. Device. Gyronny sable and Or, eight Tyr runes in annulo, bases to center, counterchanged.

This device is returned for being composed entirely of abstract charges, which violates precedent:

We therefore extend the ban on single abstract charges to cover any armory consisting solely of abstract charges, in any language (e.g., Japanese kanji, Norse runes, Arabic script, etc.). This applies whether the armory consists of a single word or a phrase. [Yamahara Yorimasa, March 2006, R-Æthelmearc]

Since this armory is composed entirely of Tyr runes, it violates this ban.

MERIDIES

Arenal, Shire of. Badge. Argent, a vol azure.

This badge conflicts with the device of Aethelwulf of East Radnorshire, Argent, in pale three lion's gambs in fess, erased and inverted, sable and a vol azure. The charges in Aethelwulf's device are all primary charges, therefore, there is a single CD for removing the gambs.

Symonne de la Fontaine. Device. Per bend sinister purpure and Or semy-de-lys purpure, a natural tiger's head jessant-de-lys per bend sinister Or and purpure striped sable.

This device is returned as being two steps from period practice. Precedent says:

The use of any head other than a lion's or leopard's head jessant-de-lys remains a step from period practice. [Simon Montgumery and Margaret Hepburn of Ardrossan, March 2009, A-Caid]

Also, Section VII.4 of the Rules for Submissions says:

The use of flora and fauna native to the New World, Africa, Asia, and other non-European locales will be registerable if it is reasonable to believe that Europeans knew them in period. Their use will be considered a step from period practice, unless they were used as charges in period heraldry, including crests and badges.

Natural tigers are not fauna native to Europe, nor have they been shown to be used in period heraldry, so their use is considered to be a step from period practice.

Therefore, since it uses a natural tiger's head, and since that head is jessant-de-lys, this device has two steps from period practice and must be returned.

MIDDLE

Llywelyn Glyndyverdwy. Badge. Argent chaussé vert, a harp vert.

Blazoned on the Letter of Intent as Vert, on a pile argent a harp vert, the dividing line between vert and argent meets the upper corners of the field, so this is not a pile, it is chaussé.

This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Nicholos of the Hill Folk, Vert, on a pile argent, a dragon rampant gules. Piles and chaussé fields are considered equivalent for conflict, so this badge must also be considered under the submitted blazon. There is a single CD for the changes to the tertiary charge, from red dragon to green harp.

It is also a conflict with the device of Lavinia of the Tyrol, Per bend sinister Or and vert, ermined Or, in dexter chief a harp vert. There is a single CD for the changes to the field, but the move of the harp in Lavinia's design is forced.

Submitted under the name Llywelyn Glyndwr, this name was registered as Llywelyn Glyndyverdwy in March 2010.

Rickard of Gwyntarian. Device. Azure, a gryphon sejant maintaining a sword Or.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Leopold von Haskenberg, Azure, an opinicus sejant maintaining in its dexter upraised forepaw a goblet Or, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. By precedent there is no difference between an opinicus and a griffin:

[An opinicus vs. a griffin] The difference between the griffin-variants is too small to be worth a ...CD. [Bleddyn Hawk, August 1993, R-Atenveldt]

The device is also returned for conflict with the device of Reys Saethydd de Glamorgan, Azure, two griffins sejant addorsed reguardant and an arrow inverted Or. Reys' device is a single primary charge group, which means there is a single CD for removing two of the charges in the primary charge group.

OUTLANDS

Cáelainn ingen Cháemgein hui Thaidc. Device. Per pale argent and purpure, two annulets conjoined in fess counterchanged.

This device is a technical conflict with the device of Ursula of Teufelberg, Per bend sinister purpure and argent, two annulets counterchanged. There is a CD for changing the line of division on the field. Unfortunately, the SCA does not grant difference for conjoining, and the changed position of the annulets on the field is forced. Section X.4.g of the Rules for Submissions only grants difference for changes "not caused by other changes to the design."

Katherina von Lehmann. Name.

Katherina von Lehmann was among the submissions discussed in the "From Laurel: Missing Registrations" section on the Cover Letter for the January 2010 LoAR. Those submissions were registered in the LoAR proper that month.

As her name has already been registered, the current submission is effectively a duplicate submission and is, therefore, returned.

As with previous cases of duplicate submissions (for the same submitter) return of the duplicate does not affect the already-registered item.

Outlands, Kingdom of the. Badge. Pily bendy Or and vert, in pale a stag's attire fesswise gules and a mountain of three peaks sable charged with an apple tree eradicated Or fructed gules.

This badge is returned for having poor contrast. Section VII.2. of the Rules for Submissions requires that "All armory must have sufficient contrast to allow each element of the design to be clearly identifiable at a distance." The sable mountain is nearly entirely on the vert portion of the field. While the field is technically neutral, it is only neutral for charges which are placed evenly on both portions of the field. Additionally, the extreme amounts of zigzagging in different directions hindered the identifiability of the charges.

Rosalind of Wellmark. Badge. (Fieldless) A cross bottony gules fimbriated argent.

This badge conflicts with the device of William de Rouen, Per pale argent and Or, a cross crosslet fitchy gules. There is a single CD for the field. Crosses crosslet and bottony are considered artistic variants of each other, and we do not grant a CD for fitching.

It is also returned for conflict with the device of Petros Monomachos, Per saltire argent and sable, a cross doubly pommeled gules. There is a single CD for the difference between a fielded and a fieldless design. No difference is granted for the minor change to the appearance of the cross.

Since the badge is being returned for conflict, we decline to rule on the acceptability of fimbriating a cross bottony. Future submissions of such a motif should be accompanied by documentation that crosses bottony were fimbriated or voided in period.

TRIMARIS

Ari Tyrbrandr. Name.

This name is returned for two problems.

First, the LoI documented Tyrbrandr as a constructed given name formed from the themes Tyr- and -brandr. While -brandr is a recognized deuterotheme in Old Norse names, the commenters found no support for Tyr-. The two names cited in the LoI to support Tyr- as a protheme were Tyrfingr and Tyrvi. However, Tyr- is not a protheme in these names. In the case of Tyrfinger the themes are Tyrfi- and -ingr. In the case of Tyrfi, it is a single name and is not constructed from a protheme and a deuterotheme. Lacking evidence of Tyr- as a protheme used in Old Norse names, a constructed given name of Tyrbrandr is not plausible.

Second, as submitted this name contained only two given names, but no documentation was provided for a name using this construction in Old Norse. Lacking such evidence, this construction pattern is not registerable. If documentation were found to support Tyrbrandr as a plausible name in Old Norse, the expected patronymic byname form would be Tyrbrandarson.

His device has been registered under the holding name Ari of the Ruins.

Ceridwen verch Caradog. Device. Per bend purpure and gules, on a bend argent a raven palewise sable maintaining in its dexter foot a leaved branch proper.

This device is returned for conflict with the device of Robyn of Mania, Gules, on a bend argent a raven displayed palewise wings inverted sable grasping in its beak a rose, flower to sinister, gules, slipped and leaved vert. There is a single CD for the field. The maintained charges are not worth difference. There is no CD for changing only the posture of the tertiary birds.

Gwenhwyvar Threadgould. Name.

This is returned for lack of documentation for Threadgould. Threadgould was documented as a header spelling in Cottle, The Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. However, no evidence was provided, and none could be found that Threadgould is a period spelling. All of the period forms of the byname that could be found spelled the final syllable -gold, not -gould. Lacking evidence that the -gould spelling is consistent with period spellings, Threadgould is not registerable. We would change the byname to a documented form, such as Thredegold, dated to 1166 in Reaney & Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, s.n. Threadgold, but the submitter allows no changes.

Wulflinde Aethelwulf. Device. Argent, a tree eradicated inverted proper within a bordure vert.

This device is returned for violating Section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." Most commenters, and most of those at the meeting, identified this as a tree blasted issuant from some unidentifiable green charge, not as a tree eradicated inverted.

WEST

None.

- Explicit littera renuntiationum -


THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE October 2010 LAUREL MEETING (OR AS NOTED):

EAST

Ulrich Parcifal. Device. Vert, two axes addorsed and on a chief argent three crosses potent vert, the chief surmounted by a label couped plain gules.

This device is pended for research into whether or not the placement of the label is a period placement. Commenters and the documentation accompanying the submission sufficiently documented the use of low-contrast labels overall.

The submitter has permission to conflict from Friedrich Parcifal, Vert, two axes addorsed and on a chief argent three crosses potent vert.

This was item 46 on the East letter of December 13, 2009.

OUTLANDS

Unser Hafen, Barony of. Badge for the populace. (Fieldless) A portcullis vert.

This badge is pended for a discussion of whether we wish to protect a badge of the Tudors, (Tinctureless) A portcullis crowned. If we protect the Tudor badge, this submission will have to be returned.

Pelican Emeritus notes that the British House of Commons has a fact sheet on the use of the portcullis as a symbol of the Beauforts, Tudors, and British Parliament is at http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/g09.pdf This fact sheet says:

Since 1967, the crowned portcullis has been used exclusively on House of Commons stationery. It replaced an oval device, which had been in use since the turn of the twentieth century, on the recommendation of the Select Committee on House of Commons (Services).

The portcullis probably came to be associated with the Palace of Westminster through its use, along with Tudor roses, fleurs-de-lys and pomegranates, as decoration in the rebuilding of the Palace after the fire of 1512.

The portcullis was the badge of John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset and Somerset (c.1371-1410), bastard son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399), and was subsequently adopted by his greatgrandson, Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) whose mother was Lady Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). Henry VII (1485-1509) and Henry VIII (1509-1547), the first and second sovereigns of the Tudor dynasty, employed the portcullis as a badge and probably used it in the Palace, as elsewhere. It was under the Tudors that the Palace of Westminster ceased to be the seat of the Court and became the regular meeting place of Parliament. The portcullis as now used in the Palace of Westminster is commonly surmounted by a crown, which makes it specifically a royal symbol, even though the original use by the Beauforts was of an uncrowned portcullis. There has been little consistency about inclusion of the crown over the years.

This was item 12 on the Outlands letter of December 31, 2009.

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Created at 2010-07-30T00:55:35