There is a step from period practice for the use of a cross of Saint Brigid.
The byname á Fjárfelli is already registered to the submitter and thus is treated as neutral in time and language under the Existing Registration Allowance, PN1B2g, and can be combined with the late period German given name Elska.
The submitter's previous name, Unnr á Fjárfelli, is retained as an alternate name.
(to Æthelmearc acceptances) (to Æthelmearc returns)
Submitted as Aliénor Ysabiau Debois, no evidence was found to support the use of the acute accent on the e in Alienor in our period. Therefore, we have dropped the accent to register this name.
The spelling Debois was not documented in French on the Letter of Intent or in commentary. However, Debois is found in English in the FamilySearch Historical Records. English and French can be combined under Appendix C.
If the submitter would prefer the attested French forms du Bois or Dubois, she may make a request for reconsideration.
There is a step from period practice for beasts in annulo not in their default orientation.
Artist's note: Please depict the charges larger to fill the available space.
Submitted as Breaca ingen Flannabhra, the byname does not use the proper genitive form of the father's name. During commentary, Brían dorcha ua Conaill documented the correct genitive form as Flannabrat. We have made that change for registration.
During commentary, questions were raised about the given name Breaca. Breaca is a female saint listed in the Latin text of The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary (https://books.google.com/books?pg=RA2-PA15), which was published in the 16th century. In addition, Lillia Crampette identified multiple period places whose names were based on this saint. Based on this evidence that Breaca was venerated during period, this saint's name is registerable.
This name does not conflict with the registered Elspeth la Faire (January 1997, Meridies) as there are two changes to the sound and appearance of the byname: removing la and the difference in the vowels of Farre and Faire. Thus, these names are clear under PN3C1 of SENA.
There is a step from period practice for use of wolves ululant.
The submitter is a knight and is thus entitled to the use of a closed loop of chain.
Submitted as Francois Le Grand De Lyon, the name was changed at Kingdom to François Legrand de Lyon to match the documentation that could be found.
The addition of the cedilla in François was not required, as Lillia Crampette pointed out numerous examples of the name's appearing without it throughout our period. Therefore, we have restored the given name to the originally submitted Francois.
In addition, Le Grand matches the pattern of attested French bynames such as Le Grant, Le Brun, Le Normant, and Le Blond. Accordingly, we have restored the byname to the originally submitted Le Grand.
Artist's note: Please draw the fleur-de-lys larger to fill the available space.
Nice 16th century name for northern Italy!
Nice device!
The round shield is effectively a bezant with internal detailing. It will conflict with bezants and other Or roundels with internal detailing.
This name combines a Welsh given name and a Gaelic byname, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
Submitted under the name Helene d'Anjou.
Keith is the submitter's legal given name.
Submitted as Keith Teðion, the Letter of Intent argued that Teðion was an unmarked patronymic. However, the 10th Century Bodmin Manumissions that are the sole source for Teðion show it solely as a Cornish given name and, even more importantly, do not include evidence of unmarked patronymics. Based on the other data in the Bodmin Manumissions, the byname should be a marked patronymic in the form filius Teðion. With the submitter's permission, we have made this change for registration.
Kimberlie was documented on the Letter of Intent as the submitter's legal given name. However, she does not have to rely on the Legal Name Allowance because Lillia Crampette found Kimberlie as a gray-period English surname, which can be used as a given name, in the FamilySearch Historical Records.
Ramsgaard is the registered name of an SCA branch.
The locative byname de Compostella, referring to the city in Spain, is found in the 14th and 15th centuries in CORDE.
Nice badge!
Nice 16th century English name!
The submitter's previous device, Argent, a pall cotised azure between three oak sprigs inverted proper, is released.
This name combines an English given name and a Gaelic byname based on a saint's name, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
There is a step from period practice for use of a garden rose.
Submitted as Seumas Mac Gille Andreis, the submitted spelling of the byname was not documented to period in the Letter of Intent. Submitters and heralds are reminded that the hypothetical Gaelic forms found in Black's Surnames of Scotland are "nearly always modern normalized forms" and thus, by precedent, are not registerable without corroborating documentation from another reliable source. [Seamus Mac Enrig, 09/2006 LoAR, A-Meridies]
Commenters and heralds at the Pelican decision meeting were able to re-document the name elements as Seumas mac Gille Andrias from the Annals of Loch Cé and the Chronicon Scotorum. We have made these changes for registration.
In the form Shazade Nisaburi, this name was previously returned on the November 2014 Letter of Acceptances and Returns under PN4B1 of SENA because it created the appearance of a claim to be princess of Nishapur. The submitter has added an occupational byname unrelated to the claim of rank, which removes the appearance of presumption.
Although there was no evidence for a byname in Persian meaning "the artist," such a name can be found in Arabic. Specifically, al-{S.}ann{a-}, meaning "skillful, artist," is found in "Arabic Names from al-Andalus" by Juliana de Luna (https://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/alandalus/nicktype.html). The byname the artist therefore can be considered a lingua Anglica form of the attested al-{S.}ann{a-}. The combination of Persian and Arabic is an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
The submitter requested authenticity for Persian/Sassanian language or culture. Although this name is registerable, it does not meet that request because it combines Persian and Arabic (in lingua Anglica form).
There is a step from period practice for use of a natural tiger.
Appearing on the Letter of Intent as Sværri Bjornhjarta Tjorkilsson, the patronymic was corrected to Torkilsson during commentary.
While both Sværri and Torkilsson were supported by documentation and attested examples, Bjornhjarta, which the submitter intended to mean "bear-heart," was not; nor could it be constructed from period examples. Old Norse bynames based on animal parts were all fairly literal, referring either to the fact that a person's body part resembled that of an animal or to an event involving that person and an animal. Although there are several Old Norse terms referring to braveness or "stout hearts," none of them refer to bears. Therefore, with the submitter's permission, we have dropped the element Bjornharta for registration.
This name does not conflict with the registered Thyra Thorkillsdottir (May 1998, Middle) as there are changes to sound and appearance that affect two syllables: the vowel in the given name and -kills- vs. -kels- in the father's name. Under PN3C1, these differences make the two names clear.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a central charge on a gyronny arrondi field drawn with the corners of the field in the center of a gyron.
Nice device!
Submitted as Tyrfingr R{o,}gnvalldarson, the byname was not correctly spelled because R{o,}gnvaldr has only a single l. We have corrected the spelling to R{o,}gnvaldarson for registration.
Submitted as Award of _ Poisson d'Or, this order name following the pattern of names based on heraldic charges. This pattern requires an article between the designator and the substantive element. Accordingly, we have changed the name to Award of the Poisson d'Or for registration. As required by NPN1B2, the article matches the language of the designator.
This order name is clear of the historical Ordre de la Toison d'Or and the Toison d'Or King of Arms under NPN3C3, as Poisson and Toison are at least as different as Harry and Mary, the example used in SENA.
The Barony may be interested to know that, not only was the name Vulcan known in literary contexts in period as the name of a Roman god, it was also used as a given name by ordinary people in the 16th century. "16th Century Names from Classical History and Mythology" by Alys Mackyntoich (KWHSS 2014) p. 24 shows a man named Vulcan christened in England in 1589.
This depiction of per chevron is too low for registration, per the guidelines of the August 2011 Cover Letter. However, Vulcanfeldt's device has this same ratio and placement of the line of division, so this is allowable under the Existing Registration Allowance.
(to An Tir acceptances) (to An Tir returns) (to An Tir pends)
The submitter's previous device, Argent, in pale a rose proper slipped and leaved vert and a crescent environing the slip azure, a bordure engrailed sable, is released.
Nice 13th century English name!
Submitted as Astridh Flokadottir, the submitter requested the spelling Astrid_ if it could be documented. As commenters were able to document the requested spelling in several sources, we have changed the given name to Astrid_.
Nice English name for circa 1200!
Nice late 13th century French name!
Nice name for early 15th century Florence!
Submitted as Brigit inghean ui Crotaigh, standard Gaelic grammar requires C to lenite after inghean ui. Therefore, we have changed the byname to inghean ui Chrotaigh for registration.
Questions were raised in commentary about the registerability of the byname. The byname is based on the header Ó Crotaigh found in Woulfe's Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish Names and Surnames. By longstanding precedent, if a Gaelic header in Woulfe has italicized 16th and early 17th century Anglicized Irish forms under it, then we give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the Gaelic form was also used in the 16th and early 17th centuries. [October 2010 Cover Letter] In this case, an Anglicized Irish form does appear under the heading Ó Crotaigh, making that header form and its feminine equivalent registerable as 16th and early 17th century Gaelic forms.
This name combines a gray-period English given name with a 16th or early 17th century Gaelic byname, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
Nice device!
Nice badge!
Nice device!
Nice badge!
Originally submitted as Lessandra _ della Torre, the submitter added Francesca as a second given name in Kingdom to avoid conflict with the registered Alessandra della Torre. However, adding this second given name introduced a new problem, as the name now implied relationship with the registered Francesca della Torre.
After the close of Laurel commentary, Alessandra granted the submitter permission to conflict. At the submitter's request, we have dropped Francesca and restored the name to its originally-submitted form for registration.
The submitter's previous name, Mary Whytehorne, is retained as an alternate name.
Artist's note: Please draw the crosses larger.
The submitter's previous device, Sable, a Bowen cross and on a chief argent three Bowen crosses sable, is retained as a badge.
Nice late 16th century English name!
Nice device!
Nice 16th century English name!
As the submitter expressed interest in a 15th or 16th century Scottish form of the name, he may be interested to know that an authentic 16th century Scots spelling is Michall Morisoun, with both elements dated to 1584 in the Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (http://www.rps.ac.uk/). If the submitter prefers this form, he may make a request for reconsideration.
Submitted as Miguel _ Neves de Lisboa, with the submitter's permission we have changed the name to Miguel das Neves de Lisboa to match the documentation. In this construction, das Neves is an inherited surname.
Nice Spanish armory!
Artist's note: Please draw the towers larger to fill the available space.
Artist's note: Please draw the crosses larger to fill the available space.
Nice device!
Nice English name for circa 1600!
Artist's note: Please draw both charges larger to fill the available space.
The submitter's previous device, Azure, a wine amphora and a bordure Or, is retained as a badge.
Artist's note: Please draw the mount and dragon's head larger.
Submitted as Sigvarðr SkarfR, the documentation did not support the byname as submitted. In the form SkarfR, it is a given name. However, Old Norse names do not use unmarked patronymics, so it would not be registerable in this form.
However, as a noun, skarfr is a descriptive byname from 10th century Iceland meaning "cormorant." We have changed the byname to Skarfr to use the descriptive and allow registration of the name.
This name combines a Gaelic given name with an Anglicized Irish byname, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
The submitter may be interested to know that the fully Gaelic Tuathal Ó Siadhail is also registerable. The byname Ó Siadhail is a header form found in Woulfe's Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish Names and Surnames. By longstanding precedent, if a Gaelic header in Woulfe has italicized 16th and early 17th century Anglicized Irish forms under it, then we give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the Gaelic form was also used in the 16th and early 17th centuries. [October 2010 Cover Letter] In this case, several Anglicized Irish forms appear under the heading Ó Siadhail, making that header form registerable as 16th and early 17th century Gaelic form. If the submitter prefers the fully Gaelic form, he may make a request for reconsideration.
(to Ansteorra acceptances) (to Ansteorra returns)
By precedent, double Christian given names are acceptable in Russian. "As at least one source states that double Christian given names were used, and Wickenden also states that they may have occurred in period, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Janus Neon is a plausible double given name." [Janus Neon Bakinich, Nov. 2015, A-Caid]
Aonghus is already registered to the submitter and thus may continue to be used under the Existing Registration Allowance, PN1B2g. This name element is treated as neutral in time and language. The phrase ill ulfr is part of the submitter's legal surname and thus may be used under the Legal Name Allowance, PN1B2e.
The submitter's prior name, Aonghus Boithwell, is retained as an alternate name.
There is a step from period practice for use of compass stars.
The surname Ratto, meaning "rat," follows the pattern of Italian surnames based on animals, including Gatto (cat), Capra (goat) and Piccioni (pigeons).
There is a step from period practice for use of compass stars.
Submitted as Valr Skjaldar_, the byname was not grammatically correct. Skjaldar- is a prepended byname, which is properly placed before the given name, e.g., Skjaldar-Valr. When used after the given name, the byname would take the adjectival form, Skjaldari. Based on the submitter's preference, we have changed the name to Valr Skjaldari.
Artist's note: Please draw the key with longer, more substantial wards.
The submitter requested authenticity for the Catalan language. This request was not summarized on the Letter of Intent. Fortunately, we had sufficient information to assess authenticity and did not need to pend this submission. Both name elements were documented as Catalan names from the medieval kingdom of Valencia in 1510. Therefore, the name meets the submitter's request.
(to Artemisia acceptances) (to Artemisia returns)
Nice 15th century Gaelic name!
Artist's note: Please draw the saltire narrower, to give more space for the coneys to fill.
Submitted as Aelhaearn _ap Bleidcu, we could not find evidence supporting the submitted spelling of the given name as a period form. However, heralds at the Pelican decision meeting found Elhaearn as a 14th century form of the name of the 7th century saint. We have changed the given name to the attested Elhaearn for registration.
Bleidcu was found in a 10th or 11th century Welsh document, referring to a person who lived in the 6th or 7th century. The patronymic marker needs to be consistent with this Old Welsh name. Therefore, we have changed the patronymic to the Old Welsh map Bleidcu for registration.
Commenters expressed concerns about the apparent temporal disparity between the name elements. Both elements are based on the names of persons who lived in the late sixth or early 7th centuries. However, in the case of Saint Elhaearn, we do not have a record of how that name was spelled during that time period. Precedent allows us to register later medieval spellings of early Welsh names when the original spelling is unknown:
[W]e have large numbers of names that date to early forms of Welsh and British that are only recorded in later medieval Welsh forms. Therefore, we will allow the registration of medieval Welsh forms of earlier names, though we encourage the use of the older forms where they can be found or constructed. [Aranwen Ridhelic, 9/2011, A-Meridies]
Therefore, as changed, this name is registerable.
No evidence was presented that korgi or corgi was a period English word. Rather, the only evidence of corgi or korgi is in period Welsh. Contrary to the Letter of Intent, Wyllam Salesbury's Dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe, published in London 1574, does not define the Welsh term Korgi ne gostoc as a corgi, but simply as "A curre dogge." Thus, while corgi could be considered the lingua Anglica form of the period Welsh word korgi, it is still considered Welsh. The English golden and the Welsh corgi cannot be combined in the same name phrase under NPN1C1 without evidence of such combinations in actual period practice.
The question of whether this name is registerable is further complicated by the lack of any evidence for inn-sign names in Welsh. However, there is a well-established English pattern of naming inns and taverns after heraldic charges. Wreath is ruling this month that, as a documented period dog breed, the dog modernly known as a corgi is a period heraldic charge that the SCA will blazon as a corgi. We therefore can give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the name House of the Golden Corgi fits the English pattern of naming inns and taverns in the pattern color + heraldic charge.
The corgi is an attested breed of dog, with an image provided in this submission dated to 1650. Specifying the type of breed of a dog beyond that which is normally found in heraldry (e.g. talbot or greyhound) is a step from period practice.
Submitted as Domus Calicus et Ursi, we have changed the name to Domus Calicis et Ursi to use correct Latin grammar.
Submitted as Lyneya inghean Uí Ciaragáin, Gaelic grammar requires the initial consonant of the clan ancestor's name to lenite in this situation. We have changed the byname to inghean Uí Chiaragáin for registration.
In addition, after the close of commentary, the submitter requested that the given name be changed to Lanea and helpfully provided documentation for that spelling in England in 1601 from the FamilySearch Historical Records. As we had sufficient time to confirm the documentation and check for conflicts, we are happy to make this change without pending the name.
As Lanea inghean Uí Chiaragáin, this name combines an English given name from 1601 with a Gaelic byname from the 16th or early 17th centuries, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
This name combines French or Dutch given name with a German byname, both of which are acceptable lingual mixes under Appendix C.
The submitter's previous name, Roland Gervais, is released.
There was some question about whether the maintained harp was in the same charge group as the other secondary charges. Were this the case, there would be three types of charge in the same charge group, and this device would have to be returned.
However, were the coney the primary charge, the maintained harp would definitely be considered a secondary. Due to its relative size and arrangement, a maintained charge cannot be in the same charge group as the charge that maintains it. There are two secondary charge groups in this device, and thus avoids return via the slot machine rule.
There is a step from period practice for the use of New World flora.
(to Atlantia acceptances) (to Atlantia returns)
None.
(to Avacal acceptances) (to Avacal returns)
The name element von Westphalen is already registered to the submitter and thus can continue to be used under the Existing Registration Allowance, PN1B2g, without requiring new documentation.
The submitter's previous name, Beatrix von Westphalen, is released.
Nice Imperial Roman name!
Barsine is a late period Italian literary name derived from classical Greek sources. As Italy had a practice of using literary names, including those of classical origin, we can register this name.
This name combines an Italian given name with an Arabic byname, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
The documentation in the Letter of Intent did not clearly demonstrate the use of Veridius as a nomen. Fortunately, in commentary, Alisoun Metron Ariston documented Veridius as a nomen from Roman Britain in the Heidelberg Inscription Database, allowing the name to be registered as submitted.
Nice badge!
Dunkr Ormstunga has granted the Kingdom of Caid permission for this name to conflict with his registered household name Domus Arcuum. This permission is necessary because, in some dialects, Arcuum is pronounced with only two syllables, making the names too close in sound.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a paw print.
Lyondemere is the registered name of an SCA branch.
Submitted as Jarmarr Randviðarson, we have changed the byname to Randviðsson to use the correct genitive form of the father's name, found in Lind.
The submitter requested authenticity for "Norse." Although both name elements are Norse, they do not overlap in place or time. Thus, while the name is registerable, it is not authentic.
This name combines an English given name with a French byname, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
Nice device!
Originally submitted as Manus Cahan_, the surname was changed to Cahane at Kingdom for reasons that were not explained on the Letter of Intent. Submissions heralds are reminded that changes and the reasons for them must be explained on Letters of Intent. Simply stating that the submitter approved the change, as was done here, does not give Pelican sufficient information to evaluate the name.
In this case, we are able to restore the surname to the originally submitted Cahan_, which appears in several late 16th century English letters found via British History Online. If the submitter prefers the form sent up by Kingdom, Manus Cahane, he may make a request for reconsideration.
Michael Stewart, the American playwright and librettist for a number of well-known Broadway musicals, is not important enough to protect from presumption. While many were familiar with his body of work, even Lillia Crampette, our resident Broadway musical fan, did not recall his name without consulting Google.
Artist's note: Please draw the secondary and tertiary charges larger to fill the available space.
Nice 11th century Gaelic name!
Nice late 16th century English name!
Lind is the submitter's legal surname.
The submitter requested authenticity for Norse language. Both name elements are from Landnámabók, making the name authentic for Old Norse in 9th-10th century Iceland.
(to Caid acceptances) (to Caid returns)
The submitter's previous device, Vert, on a Mongolian yurt argent an owl sable, is retained as a badge.
Submitted as Báine Montgomerie, no evidence could be found that the Gaelic given name Báine was ever used by real people (as opposed to by a purely legendary figure). As such, it is not registerable. However, Baine is a gray-period Scots given name found in the FamilySearch Historical Records. With the submitter's permission, we have changed the given name to this form for registration.
Nice badge!
There is no evidence of "order names" as we understand them in the Anglo-Saxon/Old English culture. Ordinarily, this lack of evidence would bar registration of an order name using Old English elements. As stated in the April 2011 Cover Letter:
[S]ome times and places are just out of luck for the creation of herald's titles and order names. We have no evidence that either were in use before the 12th century, and only a few patterns were in use before 1300. That means that languages that fell out of use before that time (Old Norse, Old English, Frankish, etc.) cannot be used to create heraldic titles or order names, as there are no patterns for them to follow.
However, Calontir has already registered several order names using Old English words as substantive elements, including the Order of the Iren-Fyrd and Order of the Iren-Hird. Thus, Calontir may continue to register Old English elements in order names under the Existing Registration Allowance.
This order name can be registered to Calontir under the Existing Registration Allowance based on the prior registration of Order of the Iren-Fyrd, which uses the pattern Metal + Fyrd (meaning "peasant levy"). Like iren ("iron"), stíle ("steel") is an Anglo-Saxon word for a metal.
There is no evidence of "order names" as we understand them in the Anglo-Saxon/Old English culture. Ordinarily, this lack of evidence would bar registration of an order name using Old English elements. As stated in the April 2011 Cover Letter:
[S]ome times and places are just out of luck for the creation of herald's titles and order names. We have no evidence that either were in use before the 12th century, and only a few patterns were in use before 1300. That means that languages that fell out of use before that time (Old Norse, Old English, Frankish, etc.) cannot be used to create heraldic titles or order names, as there are no patterns for them to follow.
However, Calontir has already registered several order names using Old English words as substantive elements, including the Order of the Iren-Fyrd and Order of the Iren-Hird. Thus, Calontir may continue to register Old English elements in order names under the Existing Registration Allowance.
This order name can be registered to Calontir under the Existing Registration Allowance based on the prior registration of Order of the Iren-Hird, which uses the pattern of Metal + Hirth/Hird (meaning "bodyguard of the king/noble"). Like iren ("iron"), stíle ("steel") is an Old English word for a metal.
This depiction of per chevron embattled is too low for registration, per the guidelines of the August 2011 Cover Letter. However, Calontir's previous submissions had this same ratio and placement of the line of division, so this is allowable under the Existing Registration Allowance.
Likewise, this depiction of two items "in saltire" has the charges crossing too close to the tips to be considered "in saltire." However, in the previous registration of Per chevron embattled sable and argent, in pale two strung bows in saltire argent and a cross of Calatrava purpure for the Order of the Boga Hirth in 1989, the bows are crossed much closer to the upper tips of the bow than the middles, so this arrangement of two items in chevron, tips crossed, and a cross of Calatrava in base is allowable under the Existing Registration Allowance, even if such a layout would normally break Unity of Posture rules.
Artist's note: Please draw the cross of Calatrava larger to fill the available space.
Previously registered as Per chevron embattled sable and argent, in pale two strung bows in saltire argent and a cross of Calatrava purpure, this badge for the Order of the Boga Hirth in 1989, has the bows crossed much closer to the upper tips of the bow than the middles. As this pattern is used elsewhere in this letter for an Existing Registration Allowance, we are accurately reblazoning it here.
Nice French or English name from the 14th century onwards!
There is a step from period practice for the use of the cross nowy.
Submitted as Luther Hoffendrunk, no evidence was found supporting Hoffendrunk as a period name. Although Gotfrid Saker worked very hard to construct the requested name, the evidence he found showed a number of bynames based on drinking, but not one in the form Hoffen-. Further, in medieval German, Hoffen- and Hofen- usually denoted a farmstead and did not have the submitter's intended meaning "hoping for."
However, Hoffen and Drunck are both late period German bynames. As double surnames are permitted in German, with the submitter's permission we have changed the name to Luther Hoffen_Drunck for registration.
Nice 16th century Russian name!
(to Calontir acceptances) (to Calontir returns)
This badge does not conflict with the device of Robartach Ó Sluagháin, Per chevron sable and gules, in chief a bezant, the badge of Barony Beyond the Mountain, Per fess azure and vert, in canton a bezant, the device of Tamsin of the Raven Tresses, Gyronny of sixteen, azure and Or, a bezant, or the flag of Palau, Azure, a bezant. In each case, there is one DC for the field. Precedent states: "Eggs, while certainly rare, are period armorial charges. We have no evidence that they were ever considered interchangeable with roundels." (Jehan le Blanc, December 2013). Some commentary was raised over this, so we will explicitly state that under SENA A51D, when properly depicted, and absent documentation that they were used interchangeably by period heralds, eggs and roundels have one DC between them.
The submitter grants permission to conflict for all armory that is not identical to her badge.
The submitter grants permission to conflict for all armory that is not identical to her badge.
The submitter grants permission to any future person to register a name that is not identical to her registered name.
The submitter grants permission to conflict for all armory that is not identical to her device.
The submitter grants permission to any future person to register a name that is not identical to her registered household name, Society of the Golden Egg.
Joanne was documented as a 16th century English name borrowed into German pursuant to the February 2015 Cover Letter. However, at the Pelican decision meeting, Seraphina Ragged Staff documented Joanne as a German given name in the FamilySearch Historical Records. Thus, this name is entirely German.
Nice 16th century Dutch name!
The submitter grants permission to conflict for all armory that is not identical to his device.
Nice late 13th C English name!
(to Drachenwald acceptances) (to Drachenwald returns)
Nice device!
Artist's note: Please draw fewer fleurs-de-lys. As few as five charges can constitute semy when on a charge.
The submitter's previous device, Vert, two falcons rising respectant argent, a bordure Or, is released.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a triskelion of spirals.
Artist's note: Please ensure that the internal detailing of the primary charge does not overlay the bezants.
As explained in the July 2017 Cover Letter, because Wickenden's Dictionary of Period Russian Names cites only the first recorded instance of a particular name element, we give submitters the benefit of the doubt when assessing the temporal gap between Russian names. In addition, also as stated in the July 2017 Cover Letter, because Wickenden's Dictionary remains the most accessible source for Russian naming, all names cited in the Dictionary are considered "Russian" unless the submitter has specifically requested authenticity. Thus, although the underlying documentation is flawed, the name can be registered precisely as submitted as the combination of two saint's names and a patronymic.
Questions were raised in commentary about whether the use of two Christian given names is permitted for Russian names. By precedent, this practice is permitted. "As at least one source states that double Christian given names were used, and Wickenden also states that they may have occurred in period, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Janus Neon is a plausible double given name." [Janus Neon Bakinich, Nov. 2015, A-Caid]
(to Ealdormere acceptances) (to Ealdormere returns)
The submitter requested authenticity for 15th Century Venice. This name appears to meet that request.
Nice late 14th century inn-sign household name!
This name combines a Russian given name from 1148 with a Scandinavian byname from 1254, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
There is a step from period practice for the use of crosses of Saint Brigid.
Artist's note: Please draw the crosses larger to fill the available space.
Commenters questioned whether a tertiary charge on a disjointed primary or secondary charge would need to overlie all parts of the charge. This is not the case. Unless specifically blazoned, such a tertiary charge would appear on the largest part of the charge (in this case, the central pad).
There is a step from period practice for use of a paw print.
Artist's note: Please draw the rune larger, to fill the available space.
This name was pended on the April 2017 Letter of Acceptances and Returns to allow commentary on the submitter's request for authenticity for mid-13th century Mongol, which had not been summarized on the Letter of Intent. After the name was pended, the submitter dropped the authenticity request.
The submitter may be interested to know that this name is probably authentic for mid-13th century Mongol, although it would be more usually transliterated as Ta{sv} Altan. The {sv} code represents an s marked with a small v at the top, a character not found in English.
Originally registered in December 2016 as Purpure, a bend sinister ermine, overall a falcon hooded Or, an artist's note read: "Please let the submitter know that if a falcon is hooded, you cannot see its eyes, but without the hood there would be no tuft on the top of its head." This note is appropriate for either blazon.
This name combines a Spanish or Catalan given name with an Italian byname, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
The submitter has permission to conflict with Cosmo Solario, Per saltire sable and azure, a sun in his splendor argent, and with Giuseppe Ferraro, Per saltire sable and gules, on a mullet of eight points argent a rose gules.
Nice classical Roman name!
Nice badge!
There is a step from period practice for the use of a bird displayed other than an eagle.
Nice device!
Artist's note: Please draw all charges larger, to fill the available space.
Nice badge!
(to East acceptances) (to East returns)
Nice mid-16th century English name!
Gleann Abhann is the registered name of an SCA branch.
Stone arrowheads have only been registered six times, the last in February 2007, and have been blazoned as "elf-bolts" in the past. We will be reblazoning these as "stone arrowheads," as this a clearer and more descriptive term for the charge.
(to Gleann Abhann acceptances) (to Gleann Abhann returns) (to Gleann Abhann pends)
(to Laurel acceptances) (to Laurel returns)
Submitted as Aliette Le Lièvre, the grave accent in the byname is a modern editorial addition. Consistent with our policy on modernly-added accent markings, we have removed it for registration.
Nice 16th century northern French name!
Ironbeard is the lingua Anglica rendering of the attested Scandinavian byname járnskeggr.
This name combines a Russian given name with a Scandinavian byname, an acceptable lingual mix under Appendix C.
The submitter's old name, Járnskeggi the Mad, is retained as an alternate name.
Questions were raised in commentary about whether this name presumes on any of the several Annas/Anas who were queens of Wallachia. It does not. The various Annas/Anas were not ruling sovereigns; they were simply married to the rulers of Wallachia. By precedent, "being queen or acting as regent is not by precedent sufficient to require the protection of an individual." [Marie de Blois, 1/2013 LoAR, A-East]. In addition, no significant historical or cultural achievements are associated with the various queens of Wallachia named Anna or Ana. Nor do any of them have their own articles in the Encyclopedia Britannica. Thus, they are not important enough to protect from presumption and this name is registerable.
This device would normally be returned for violation of SENA A2C2, which requires that "Elements must be drawn to be identifiable. While some allowance will be made for lack of artistic skill, the identity of elements must not be ambiguous. Ambiguity can be created when a depiction falls between two states that contribute to difference, such as tincture, posture, or type of charge. We sometimes say that such a depiction blurs the distinction between the two states, and it may not be registered." The lightning bolt is depicted midway between palewise and bendwise sinister, and should be returned. While in the past we have been lenient on the orientation of maintained charges, we now grant difference for the change from palewise to bendwise sinister in a maintained charge and must therefore require it to be clearly one or the other.
However, it was pointed out in proofing that the submitter's badge, Vert, a bear rampant maintaining a lightning bolt within an orle of chain Or, registered June 2017, has the lightning bolt in this exact angle, midway between palewise and bendwise sinister. It is therefore registered under the Existing Registration Allowance.
The submitter has permission to conflict with Kenneth Stevenson, Vert, a bear rampant sustaining a drinking horn Or, registered elsewhere on this LoAR
There is a step from period practice for the use of a lightning bolt as a stand-alone charge.
His previous device, Per fess vert and azure, a bear rampant maintaining a lightning bolt and a dolphin naiant Or, is retained as a badge.
This device does not violate the Unity of Posture rules, as the posture and arrangement are attested in period, as seen on the arms of van Hanfstengel in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch, 1605, plate 163, and can be described in a single phrase, "in pall embowed, heads to center."
Nice device!
There is a step from period practice for the use of a penguin.
Emlyn is already registered to the submitter and thus, under the Existing Registration Allowance, PN1B2g, is treated as neutral in time and language, and can be combined with the Italian family name Fidele.
The submitter's previous name, Emlyn Sadler, is released.
This is the defining instance of a heckle in SCA heraldry. It is attested in Wappenbuch - BSB Cod.icon. 392d, dated to the first half of the 16th century.fol. 273 for "von Hechlingl". (https://bildsuche.digitale-sammlungen.de/index.html?c=viewer&l=de&bandnummer=bsb00018706&pimage=0061 5&v=100&nav=), and in "Gemeiner loblicher Eydgnoschafft Stetten, Landen vnd Voelckeren Chronick wirdiger thaaten beschreybung" by Johannes Stumpf, p. 202, for the town arms of Hechlingen (modern-day Hägglingen) in Canton Aargau, Switzerland. (https://books.google.com.au/books?redir_esc=y&id=3WldqtQXj44C&q=Hechlingen#v=snippet&q=Hechlingen&f= false)
The OED sv. heckle, n., glosses it as "A tool for splitting and combing out flax, hemp, etc" with the earliest citation about 1425. a1425 "Hec mataxa, hekylle."
Nice early 15th century Danish name!
This name was originally documented as a Dutch given name with Danish bynames. However, this lingual mix is not permitted under Appendix C. Fortunately, heralds at the Pelican decision meeting were able to date Lisebet to gray-period Sweden in the FamilySearch Historical Records. As Swedish and Danish are both part of the Scandinavian language group under Appendix C, the name as re-documented is registerable.
The submitter's previous name, Louisa Lyppard de Cattone, is retained as an alternate name.
There is a step from period practice for having an overall charge surmount a fimbriated ordinary.
Under the February 2015 Cover Letter, the 16th century English given name Timothy can be borrowed into German and combined with the German byname Haast.
(to Lochac acceptances) (to Lochac returns) (to Lochac pends)
The submitter grants permission to conflict for all armory that is not identical to his badge.
The submitter grants permission to conflict for all armory that is not identical to his device.
Commentary was raised about this design being obtrusively modern when combined with the registered name, Ferdinand Toro. However, while SENA's personal and non-personal name rules include the phrase "Something is said to be obtrusively modern when it makes a modern joke or reference that destroys medieval ambience and drags the average person mentally back to the present day," the armory rules regarding obtrusive modernity (SENA A3F3) specify only that consideration be given to "overt reference to modern insignia or designs." Further, "References that require explanation to be seen as modern or are close to core style period armory will generally not be returned under this rule." A sole primary charge sporting a tertiary charge follows the pattern of several period badges. As such, it is exempted under SENA.
Artist's note: Please draw the bee larger.
This administrative action was not needed as a separate item on the LoI, as group designators automatically update in the Ordinary and Armorial when new items are registered, as seen above on this letter.
Submitted as Gráinne Mccauley, Mc- is a scribal abbreviation that must be expanded to Mac- for registration. [9/2013 CL] We have done so.
The submitter requested authenticity for Ireland. This name does not meet that request because Maccauley was found only in Scotland, not Ireland. In addition, this name combines a Gaelic given name with a Scots byname, an acceptable, but not authentic, lingual mix.
An authentic Irish form of this name would be Gráinne inghean Amhlaoibh or Gráinne inghean Amhalghadha. However, the submitter does not allow major changes to her name. Although the submitter permitted a change of the surname to Mac Amhlaoibh, we cannot make that change. Mac literally means "son" in Gaelic. As a result, women could not and did not use Mac- bynames in Gaelic. Women may use Mac- bynames only in Anglicized Irish or Scots because, in those languages, such bynames were inherited surnames not literal patronymics.
Nice 9th-10th century Icelandic name!
The submitter requested authenticity for Italian. All of the name elements were found in Viterbo, Italy, dated to 1486 and 1522, making this an authentic central Italian name for circa 1500.
Nice English name from the early 14th century onwards!
Submitted as Nathri mac Conaill, the documentation for this name comes from an unreliable source, Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae, which mixes legendary and mythological names with attested human names without distinguishing between the two. As we found no evidence confirming that Nathri was a name used by humans, it is not registerable.
However, Nath Í or Nathí is an attested Old Irish Gaelic male given name. As the submitter allows all changes, we have changed the given name to Nathi, without the diacritical mark, to give the submitter a name as close as possible to what he submitted.
Commenters asked whether a hand of Fatima, as a Middle Eastern motif, was a Step from Period Practice. This question was answered in the LoAR of October 2015, in the registrations of Safiyya bint Khalid ibn Hamdun: "A hand of Fatima is a specific depiction of a hand and is not a step from period practice." However, this depiction of a hand of Fatima, in use in SCA heraldry since 1973, has never once been documented in a heraldic submission. We are calling on commenters to search for documentation of the symmetrical, outer-digits pointing outward depiction of the hand of Fatima in period artwork, either in Europe or the Middle East, in this month's Cover Letter.
While we will allow this submission under the October 2015 precedent, we caution future submitters that if we are unable to establish that this stylization can be traced to period, they will need to provide their own documentation or risk return for violation of SENA A2C1, "Elements must be drawn in their period forms and in a period armorial style."
There is a step from period practice for having a bird displayed that's not an eagle.
The submitter's previous device, Lozengy purpure and argent, a bordure sable, is released.
There is a step from period practice for the use of the doubly-arched chief.
Questions were raised in commentary about the given name Sibéal. This female given name was borrowed into Gaelic from English or French, and may not have been used by native Gaelic speakers. However, by precedent, it is registerable. [Sibéal inghean Uí Shuilleabháin, 9/2015 LoAR, A-Ansteorra]
The submitter's previous name, Zahra bint al-Mu'allim, is released.
(to Meridies acceptances) (to Meridies returns)
As balances on stands have been ruled to be post-period and thus no longer registerable, we consider a hand balance or hanging balance to be the default type of balance for blazon purposes.
Originally submitted as Alonso _ Mano Negro, the submitter requested the name be changed to Alonso de la Mano Negro if that form could be documented. Commenters were able to document de la Mano and Negro as separate late period Spanish bynames, and also provided examples of double Spanish names where the first surname appeared to originally have been locative in origin (i.e., de la X). Accordingly, we have changed the name to the submitter's requested form.
The submitter has permission to conflict with Styrkárr Bjarnarson, Or, a yale rampant guardant vert bezanty armed gules.
Submitted as Cailech Damán, after the close of commentary, the submitter requested a change of the given name to Caírech, the name of a 6th century Gaelic saint. As we had sufficient time to review the documentation and check for conflicts, we were able to make this change for registration.
There is a step from period practice for use of a compass star.
By precedent, the pattern Defenders of [placename] can be used as a substantive element in an order name. [Castlemere, Barony of. Order name Order of the Defenders of Northern Fenne, 12/2015 LoAR, A-Trimaris] Commenters documented of the Tower as an English place name based on the locative surnames de la Tur and de la Thour, both found in the Middle English Dictionary. Tower and defender are also found as Middle English spellings in the MED. Accordingly, this name is registerable as an English order name.
This order name uses the pattern of Heraldic Charge + Location, based on the attested examples of Ordre du Collier de Savoye (Order of the Collar/Necklace of Savoy) and der gesellschafft im Wolff vom Rein (Order of the Wolf of the Rhine). A base is an attested period ordinary. In addition, commenters documented of the Tower as an English place name based on the locative surnames de la Tur and de la Thour, both found in the Middle English Dictionary.
The evidence for of the Tower as an English place name was not before Pelican when we considered the Barony of Cynnabar's previous submission of Order of the Watch of the Tower, which we registered on the June 2017 Letter of Acceptances and Returns as Order of Towers Watch due to lack of evidence supporting the pattern of the name as submitted. Having now considered this new evidence, we overturn that ruling and rule that Designator + Heraldic Charge of the Tower is a registerable pattern for order names.
This order name uses the pattern of Heraldic Charge + Location, based on the attested examples of Ordre du Collier de Savoye (Order of the Collar/Necklace of Savoy) and der gesellschafft im Wolff vom Rein (Order of the Wolf of the Rhine). A lamp is an attested period heraldic charge. In addition, commenters documented of the Tower as an English place name based on the locative surnames de la Tur and de la Thour, both found in the Middle English Dictionary.
Cynnabar is the registered name of an SCA branch.
Submitted as Isibél inghean Uilliam mhic Leòid, the standard 16th century Gaelic form of Leoid does not have a diacritical mark on the o. We have removed that mark for registration.
The submitter has a letter of permission to claim a relationship with the registered Uilleam MacLeod.
The submitter's previous name, Isibél of Dunbegane, is retained as an alternate name.
Nice 16th century Gaelic name!
Nice badge!
As a reminder, when blazoning double roses with two different tinctures, a double rose X and Y is the typical format, with X being the tincture of larger rose and Y that of the smaller, "tertiary" rose.
Nice 16th century English name!
Questions were raised in commentary about whether this name presumes on any of the historic Margraves of Baden who were named Otto. It does not. PN4D1 states:
Sovereign rulers of significant states are generally important enough to protect. Some historical city-states are not considered significant states. Provinces or regions integrated into larger units like the Holy Roman Empire are not generally considered significant states. Sovereigns of small states that did not give rise directly to modern countries will not be protected under this clause, nor will legendary kings of any state (though these kings may be individually important enough to protect).
Similarly, on the July 2011 Cover Letter, we limited the protection of historical sovereigns to only those rulers of nations "that give rise to currently existing countries (including entities like England, Castile, and Aragon) and of nations that play an important role in medieval history but did not survive (Burgundy, Scotland, the Holy Roman Empire, and the like). Sovereigns of small period states that did not give rise directly to modern countries (Deheubarth, Asturias, Valencia, Connacht, Urbino) will be protected only if the individual's fame rises to the point that they personally are important enough to protect."
The historic state of Baden did not give rise directly to the modern state of Germany. Therefore, any Margrave of Baden named Otto is significant enough to protect only if he personally was historically or culturally significant. None of these Ottos meet the test for personal significance set out in PN4D1. As such, they are not important enough to protect and this name is registerable.
Questions were raised in commentary about the construction of the byname. Juliana de Luna's "Arabic Names from al-Andalus" (https://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/alandalus/) gives examples of given names that "are like nicknames in form, in that they begin with the article al 'the', like al-{H.}asan 'the handsome' or al-Q{a-}sim 'the distributor.'" This type of given name can be used to form patronymics; Juliana's article gives the examples of Abd al-{H.}aqq ibn al-Bay{t.}{a-}r ('son of the veterinarian') or Muhammad ibn al-`Arab{i-} ('son of the Arab'). The submitted byname follows this attested pattern.
The submitter requested authenticity for "15th-century Germany, Lubeck area." This name does not meet this request as we were unable to document the name elements to the 15th century. However, it is a registerable German name.
Submitted as Unn_ Olafsdottir, we were unable to find documentation supporting the spelling Unn in period. It appears to be a modern transliteration.
However, Unnr is an attested Old Norse female name from Iceland. With the submitter's permission, we have changed the name to Unnr Olafsdottir for registration.
Nice 9th-10th century Icelandic name!
(to Middle acceptances) (to Middle returns) (to Middle pends)
This household name was previously returned on the September 2016 Letter of Acceptances and Returns due to conflict with the registered personal heraldic title Lupine Herald. Andreas Lupine kindly granted permission to conflict, allowing this household name to be registered.
(to Northshield acceptances) (to Northshield returns)
The submitter requested authenticity for "16th C Ireland." This request was not summarized on the Letter of Intent. Fortunately, we had sufficient information by the time of the Pelican decision meeting to consider authenticity, otherwise we would have needed to pend this name for more commentary.
This name does not meet the submitter's request because the given name Ainsley was documented as a 16th century English surname used as a given name. We were not able to re-document this name element in Gaelic or Anglicized Irish.
Quinn is authentic for 16th century Ireland, as it is a plausible variant spelling of the Anglicized Irish surname Quynn, which is found in Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada's "Names Found in Anglicized Irish Documents" (http://medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnglicizedIrish/Feminine.shtml) s.n. Ismay dated to 1601.
Therefore, although the name is registerable, it is not authentic for the requested time and place.
During the Pelican decision meeting, Lillia Crampette documented both elements to 15th century England, making this a nice Middle English name!
The submitter's previous name, Tiberius Acilius Brutus, is retained as an alternate name.
Nice 9th-10th century Icelandic name!
Both elements are found in the Middle English Dictionary dated to the 15th century, making this a nice name for England in that era!
Submitted as Amarantha Midnyght of _ Black Rose, the submitter relied on the registration of the local group March of the Black Rose to document the locative byname. However, under PN1B2f of SENA, the Branch Name Allowance, "[o]nly the exact registered form of the branch name may be used." Therefore, we have changed the name to Amarantha Midnyght of the Black Rose for registration.
Questions were raised in commentary about the given name Amarantha, which the Letter of Intent documented as a saint's name. However, in commentary, Ursula Palimpsest documented Amarantha as a late 16th century or early 17th century English literary name, allowing it to be registered with an English byname.
Nice badge!
The submitter's previous name, Leif Daleson, is released.
Nice late 16th century Dutch name!
The submitter has permission to conflict with the badge of Fearghus mac Airt, Gyronny arrondy argent and vert, four triquetras points to center argent. Also, Der Thommain Breathnach has granted blanket permission to conflict with his badge, Per saltire purpure and vert, four triquetras points to center argent.
Lynn is the submitter's legal given name. However, she need not rely on the Legal Name Allowance because Lynn is an English given name dated to 1570 in the FamilySearch Historical Records. Seraphina Ragged Staff also found Wolf dated to 1584 in England, making this a nice late 16th century English name!
Submitted as Marija Zuzori{c'}, this name was documented on the Letter of Intent primarily from lists of Croatian persons recorded in Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not acceptable as the sole source for a name element. [Guillaume de Saint Etienne, 6/2016 LoAR, A-Meridies] In this instance, we were unable to redocument this name in reliable sources. This is not surprising, as medieval Croatian documents were almost exclusively written in Latin or Italian, rather than the vernacular.
No photocopy was provided for the book of Croatian personal names cited in the Letter of Intent that appeared to document Marija. Heralds are reminded that photocopies must be provided of any cited sources not found in Appendix H to the Administrative Handbook. This requirement is particularly important for unfamiliar sources in languages that Pelican and her staff do not read. In this case, ffride wlffsdotter was able to make up for the lack of photocopies. Unfortunately, upon more closely reading the source, it evidences Maria not Marija.
The Croatian woman known modernly as Cvijeta Zuzori{c'} (1552-1648) did not have her name recorded that way in period. Instead, we find references to her in Italian documents as Fiore Zuzori or Fiora Zuzza.
With the submitter's permission, we have changed the name to Maria Zuzori_, the most likely way a Croatian woman named Marija Zuzori{c'} would have been recorded in period Italian or Latin documents.
The submitter requested authenticity for "14th Century Ireland." This name does not meet this request as neither name element is attested in 14th century Ireland. However, it is authentic for England from the 14th century onwards.
Nice Imperial Roman name!
(to Outlands acceptances) (to Outlands returns)
- Explicit littera accipiendorum -
This name change was withdrawn during commentary.
(to Æthelmearc acceptances) (to Æthelmearc returns)
This badge must be returned for conflict with the device of Friedrich Swartzen Hut, Lozengy argent and azure, a sugar-loaf hat sable. There is one DC for the field, but we generally don't grant differences for types of hat.
The low-contrast checky field is allowed under Existing Registration Allowance.
The submitters included evidence of the catercap (sometimes known as the Canterbury cap) dating to Tudor England.
This device is returned for lack of identifiability of the posture of the overall charge. In the few depictions of sejant affronty that we have, the hind legs tend to splay out from the body for greater visibility. In this depiction, the hind legs not only tuck into the body, but also blend into the wings, causing most submitters to voice concerns that they could not identify the posture.
This device is also returned for violation of SENA Appendix I, Section C, which requires that overall charges be substantially on the field. The main identifying features of the dragon, including the entirety of the body, are within the boundaries of the pale; the coverage of the wings on the field is not sufficient enough to avoid this being "barely overall" and must be returned.
If the dragon had been drawn properly overall, there would be a step from period practice for having an overall charge surmount a fimbriated ordinary.
On the June 2017 Letter of Acceptances and Returns, we returned the name Order of the Hunting Hauk with the following explanation:
This order name is returned because it does not follow any attested pattern for order names. The pattern Other Adjective + Heraldic Charge set forth in Juliana de Luna's "Medieval Secular Order Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/order/new/) is not as broad as the Letter of Intent suggests. This pattern is limited to adjectives that indicate a clear visual difference in the depiction of the heraldic charge, such as the addition of wings or a crown. See the Cover Letter for a more detailed discussion of Other Adjective + Heraldic Charge.
In this case, all hawks are hunting hawks. There is no clear visual difference in the charge created by the addition of the adjective "hunting." The Barony's registered order name Order of the Hunting Horn does not allow for the registration of this order name. Unlike a hunting hawk, a hunting horn is visually different than a drinking horn. In addition, a "hunting horn" is a standard blazonry term; a "hunting hawk" is not. Because this order name does not fit any attested pattern, it must be returned. [Barony of Glymm Mere, 6/2017 LoAR, R-An Tir]
The same rationale applies here. A hunting dog does not have a clear visual difference from the standard heraldic dog. Nor is "hunting dog" a standard blazon term such as talbot or alaunt.
The examples of die loblich Geselschaft der Laitpracken und Kräntzlen ('the honorable Society of the Scenthounds and Wreaths') and der Geselschafft knecht vom Leythund ('knight of the Society of the Scenthound') do not compel a different result. A scenthound is a specific variety of dog with certain specific visual characteristics. In period, scenthounds (dogs who hunted based on following scent) were distinct from sighthounds (dogs who relied primarily on vision). If the Barony wished to register Order of the Scenthound or Order of the Sighthound, these examples would support that registration. In addition, the Barony could name an order after a particular type of dog known in period, such as a mastiff or an alaunt.
This device is returned for violation of SENA A3D2c, which requires that charges in the same charge group be in a unified orientation and arrangement. The needles are blazoned in an arrangement (in chevron inverted, crossed at the tips) separately from the dog, which is a co-primary charge.
This device is returned for violation of SENA A3D2c, which requires that charges in the same charge group be in a unified posture, orientation, and arrangement. The cats are statant respectant, while the ravens are close, that in chief facing sinister. There is no way currently known to us to blazon the four charges in a unified way that would guarantee that the dexter cat and raven in chief would face to sinister, while the sinister cat and raven in base would face dexter.
This device is returned for violation of SENA A2C1, which states that "While depictions that are somewhat more naturalistic than the flat stylized depictions of heraldic charges will be registered, animals and plants may not be drawn in trian aspect (with perspective)." In this submission, the ravens are drawn in trian aspect, with the angle of their respective wings showing an angled dive inconsistent with registerable depictions.
This device is also returned for violation of SENA A2C2, which requires that "Elements must be drawn to be identifiable." Commenters had difficulty recognizing the ravens, due to both to the angle discussed above and the lack of internal detailing.
(to An Tir acceptances) (to An Tir returns) (to An Tir pends)
This device must be returned for lack of contrast between the mount and the field. The submission included an attempt to document an individually attested pattern for Italian armory with vert mounts on an azure field, and provided two examples of three vert trimounts on azure and one mount (with a trimount issuant from it) on azure. However, the documentation provided did not meet the necessary requirements for an IAP: namely, to document all elements of the submitted armory, including the other three charges. Absent a complete IAP, the device must be considered under SENA's core rules.
(to Ansteorra acceptances) (to Ansteorra returns)
This device is returned for violation of SENA A3E2. There are four types of charge (rapier, rat, drum, drumstick), and five tinctures (argent, Or, vert, sable, ermine) for a complexity count of 9. SENA allows for a complexity count of 8 before an individually attested pattern is required.
This device is also returned for violation of SENA A3D2c, which requires that charges in the same charge group be in a unified orientation and arrangement. The rapiers are blazoned in an arrangement (in chevron) separately from the rat, which is a co-primary charge.
This device is also returned for the size and orientation of the drumstick. The stick is very small, almost invisible, and as depicted it blurs the line between palewise and bendwise.
This badge is returned for violation of SENA A2C2, which requires that "Elements must be drawn to be identifiable. While some allowance will be made for lack of artistic skill, the identity of elements must not be ambiguous. Ambiguity can be created when a depiction falls between two states that contribute to difference, such as tincture, posture, or type of charge." In this submission, the drumstick is halfway between palewise and bendwise. As maintained charges count for difference, this must be returned.
This device must be returned for violation of SENA A3E2, which disallows complexity counts of greater than eight. There are four types of charge (chief, bird, point, skep) and five tinctures (vert, argent, azure, gules, Or) in this device, for a complexity count of nine.
This device is also returned for violation of SENA A2C1, which prohibits most charges from being drawn in trian aspect. The placement of the wings and tail make the swallow appear to be in trian aspect, flying at a 3/4 angle that is neither affronty nor in profile.
(to Artemisia acceptances) (to Artemisia returns)
None.
(to Atlantia acceptances) (to Atlantia returns)
This submission was an appeal of a kingdom return for conflict with the badge of Walraven van Nijmegen, (Fieldless) A créquier gules. Supporting evidence included precedents from 1996 and 2003, which state that there is a CD (using the terminology of the time) between a crequier and a tree. However, our understanding of period depictions of trees has expanded significantly since 2003, as is seen in newer precedents, starting in 2005. Because the depiction of trees varies widely depending on time and culture, we must consider early depictions of trees including crequiers against later depictions of trees.
Absent documentation that crequiers were considered distinct from trees in period, the existing precedents stand and the device is returned for conflict with Walraven's badge, and with the badge of Anne the Quiet, Per bend sinister embattled argent and gules, a tree eradicated gules, with one DC each for fieldlessness, but no difference for the type of charge or for the tincture of the trunk.
(to Avacal acceptances) (to Avacal returns)
This device is returned for violation of SENA A2C2, which requires that "Elements must be drawn to be identifiable." As drawn, the beasts could not be readily identified by the majority of the commenters: most viewers thought they were sheep, with some holding out for dogs. This must be redrawn with identifiable hinds as the charges, including upright, pointed ears and leaner hind legs.
This device must be returned for conflict with the device of Ekaterina Ivanova, Per bend sable and argent, in bend sinister two swans respectant counterchanged. There is one DC for the field, but nothing for the forced move from in bend sinister to in fess.
This is returned for lack of identifiability of the tertiary charges. Unlike many charges, abstract symbols are often only identifiable because they are in their default upright orientation. For example, several letters and numbers change identity when they are inverted. In this case, commenters found it impossible to identify the G-clefs in this device because it was unclear which orientation was the "correct" one to read the symbol.
The G-clef was not used as an heraldic charge in period, and once divorced from its intended use on a musical staff, this particular depiction is difficult to identify under the best of circumstances. Having the clefs follow the line of the bordure like this renders a difficult task impossible: the curling lines were more reminiscent of diapering than charges. If the submitter intends to resubmit using G-clefs, we urge him to keep the symbols upright, and possibly find another period depiction that would be clearer to the eye.
(to Caid acceptances) (to Caid returns)
There is no evidence of "order names" as we understand them in the Anglo-Saxon/Old English culture. Ordinarily, this lack of evidence would bar registration of an order name using Old English elements. As stated in the April 2011 Cover Letter:
[S]ome times and places are just out of luck for the creation of herald's titles and order names. We have no evidence that either were in use before the 12th century, and only a few patterns were in use before 1300. That means that languages that fell out of use before that time (Old Norse, Old English, Frankish, etc.) cannot be used to create heraldic titles or order names, as there are no patterns for them to follow.
However, Calontir has already registered several order names using Old English words as substantive elements, including the Order of the Boga Fyrd and Order of the Boga Hirth. Thus, Calontir may continue to register Old English elements in order names under the Existing Registration Allowance.
In support of this order name, Calontir relied on its prior registrations of Order of the Boga Fyrd and Order of the Iren-Fyrd. Unfortunately, neither of these prior registrations support the submitted order name. As stated in NPN1C2g, "To use the [Existing Registration Allowance], the new submission must be similar in content to the existing pattern." The example to NPN1C2g illustrates the limits of the Existing Registration Allowance:
For example, if a branch had registered an order name Crimson Sleeve, they could use that to modify a new, similar object such as Crimson Glove. However, they could not register Crimson Bowl, as a bowl is not the same type of object as a sleeve. Likewise, the owner of Diamond Herald and Ruby Herald could use the grandfather clause to register Order of the Saphire. [sic] The owner could not register Order of the Diamond Ring or Order of the Gold, because the pattern of registered items is limited to precious stones, not jewelry or precious items in general.
Here, the patterns already registered are Metal + Fyrd (Iren-Fyrd) and Weapon + Fyrd (Boga Fyrd). As Eo means "a war-horse, charger," the first pattern obviously does not apply. The second pattern does not apply either because, even treating the registration of Boga Hirth as allowing a pattern encompassing all weapons, a war horse is not a weapon. A war horse is animal, not an inanimate object wielded by a person like a bow. Thus, this order name is not registerable.
There is no evidence of "order names" as we understand them in the Anglo-Saxon/Old English culture. Ordinarily, this lack of evidence would bar registration of an order name using Old English elements. As stated in the April 2011 Cover Letter:
[S]ome times and places are just out of luck for the creation of herald's titles and order names. We have no evidence that either were in use before the 12th century, and only a few patterns were in use before 1300. That means that languages that fell out of use before that time (Old Norse, Old English, Frankish, etc.) cannot be used to create heraldic titles or order names, as there are no patterns for them to follow.
However, Calontir has already registered several order names using Old English words as substantive elements, including the Order of the Boga Fyrd and Order of the Boga Hirth. Thus, Calontir may continue to register Old English elements in order names under the Existing Registration Allowance.
In support of this order name, Calontir relied on its prior registrations of Order of the Boga Hirth and Order of the Iren-Hird. Unfortunately, neither of these prior registrations support the submitted order name. As stated in NPN1C2g, "To use the [Existing Registration Allowance], the new submission must be similar in content to the existing pattern." The example to NPN1C2g illustrates the limits of the Existing Registration Allowance:
For example, if a branch had registered an order name Crimson Sleeve, they could use that to modify a new, similar object such as Crimson Glove. However, they could not register Crimson Bowl, as a bowl is not the same type of object as a sleeve. Likewise, the owner of Diamond Herald and Ruby Herald could use the grandfather clause to register Order of the Saphire. [sic] The owner could not register Order of the Diamond Ring or Order of the Gold, because the pattern of registered items is limited to precious stones, not jewelry or precious items in general.
Here, the patterns already registered are Metal + Hirth/Hirð (Iren-Hird) and Weapon + Hirth/Hirð (Boga Hirth). As Eo means "a war-horse, charger," the first pattern obviously does not apply. The second pattern does not apply either because, even treating the registration of Boga Hirth as allowing a pattern encompassing all weapons, a war horse is not a weapon. A war horse is animal, not an inanimate object wielded by a person like a bow. Thus, this order name is not registerable.
This badge must be returned for use of two different tertiary charge groups on the same charge, in violation of SENA Appendix I, Section C. Commentary was overwhelmingly against interpreting these as co-tertiary charges (that is, that they would be co-primary if appearing on a field rather than on a charge). The motif "a mallet between the points of a stag's attire Or" would not have the same problem if it were directly on the field.
This submission is returned for violation of SENA A3B4, which requires that placement of charges allow for good contrast with their underlying field. Though this submission has a neutral field and a color charge, the placement of the bend sinister sable places it entirely into contact with the vert checks of the field, giving poor armorial contrast. A recolor of the field to checky vert and Or should solve this.
There is a step from period practice for use of compass stars. We encourage the submitter to consider more period depictions of mullets.
(to Calontir acceptances) (to Calontir returns)
This badge is returned for conflict with the badge of Bela of Eastmarch, Gyronny sable and argent, a dragon rampant gules, armed and webbed vert. There is one DC for the field. However, in commentary the only noticeably lupine part of the beast was the bushy tail. Commenters noted that the scaly belly from the dragon portion of the charge extended well down into the lower half of the charge, and while the hindpaws are distinctly different from the foreclaws, there just isn't enough that reads "wolf" to grant a second DC.
If the submitter wants to continue to pursue registration of this chimerical monster, we recommend making a clearer distinction between the halves of the body, including termination of the belly scales farther up the torso, shaggier hindquarters, and a longer bushy tail. That said, the most recognizable part of the wolf is the head, and the wings and head of the dragon so dominate the design even in concept that we acknowledge it will be difficult to depict the wolf portions sufficiently to clear conflict.
This device is returned for violation of SENA A3D2a, which prohibits more than two charges in a charge group. In the March 2009 LoAR Cover Letter, it was ruled that "A widget within an annulet will continue to be considered a primary widget and a secondary annulet, or a primary annulet and secondary widget, when those charges are the only charges on the field. Which of the two charges is primary depends, as always, on the emblazon. When both are present in a design as part of a primary charge group, or where they would be expected to be a secondary charge, the widget and annulet will both be considered part of the same group." This design therefore has three charges (bee, letter, annulet) in the primary charge group, and must be returned.
This heraldic will is returned for further work. There are stipulations in the will, including restriction on the use of a piece of transferred armory exclusively to use as a crest for one of the individuals receiving it, and pre-emptive permission to use the arms with a mark of cadency, that are beyond the administrative and enforcement powers of the College of Arms.
We encourage heraldic wills, and applaud submitters who make their intentions clear, but the College of Arms' ability to execute said wills is restricted to transfer of registered items from one named individual to another, release of registered items, establishment of post-mortem blanket permission to conflict, and recognition of an individual or office as executor. If the submitter wishes to give more detailed instructions such as the one provided in this submission, we suggest that the submitter name an executor within the kingdom, and provide the more detailed instructions to that individual. Alternatively, the submitter can register a cadenced version of his arms, and stipulate in his heraldic will that the cadenced version transfers to his younger son.
(to Drachenwald acceptances) (to Drachenwald returns)
This conflicts with the badge of Da'ud ibn Auda, (Fieldless) An apple gules slipped and leaved proper. There's one DC for fieldlessness, but since pumpkins were not used in period heraldry, we are left with visually comparing two round red fruits with green stems. There is not sufficient visual distinction here to provide the second needed DC.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a pumpkin, as produce of the New World.
This device is returned for redraw. Commenters had difficulty recognizing the tertiary charges as badgers dormant, due in large part to the argent markings on an argent background, as well as the typically challenging issue of identifying dormant charges.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a triskelion of spirals.
(to Ealdormere acceptances) (to Ealdormere returns)
Originally registered in December 2016 as On a cup Or a hooded falcon's head erased gules, an artist's note read: "Please let the submitter know that if a falcon is hooded, you cannot see its eyes, but without the hood there would be no tuft on the top of its head." While we have reblazoned the full falcon in the device on this same letter, we are less inclined to change the blazon when it's just the head. The tufts at the top of the head make up a good 15-20% of the height of the charge, and the hood (or lack thereof) is almost the entirety of the charge. Therefore, the tuft cannot be dismissed with an artist's note as easily on this badge as it could on the device. Because the tuft affects the silhouette of the charge, it gives the unmistakable appearance of being part of a hawk's hood.
If the submitters wish to have a hood-less falcon, they are encouraged to submit a badge change with a smooth-headed falcon.
(to East acceptances) (to East returns)
This device is returned for redraw. Although the per chevron line is slightly higher than in his previous submission, it is still too low, per the guidelines in the August 2011 Cover Letter.
(to Gleann Abhann acceptances) (to Gleann Abhann returns) (to Gleann Abhann pends)
None.
(to Laurel acceptances) (to Laurel returns)
This name must be returned for violating PN4C of SENA, which prohibits names that claim "superhuman abilities, magical powers, or divine origin." According to Cleasby & Vigfusson, the word gandr denotes "anything enchanted or an object used by sorcerers." All of the attested uses of the term refer to sorcerous or supernatural creatures, things or people. Thus, the word gandr is comparable to the name element Galdra-, which we previously ruled unregisterable:
The proposed byname Galdra- 'Witchcraft-, Sorcery-' violates RfS VI.2 Names Claiming Powers, which says "Names containing elements that allude to powers that the submitter does not possess are considered presumptuous. Society names may not claim divine descent, superhuman abilities, or other powers that the submitter does not actually possess." Previous Sovereigns have returned names with bynames meaning 'the sorceress' (Ragnhildr in Sieðkona, LoAR 01/2005, q.v.) and 'the wizard' (Dirk de Tovenaar, LoAR 03/2001, q.v.). The submitted byname is analogous. [Galdra-Aron, 2/2010 LoAR, R-Æthelmearc]
Consistent with past precedents, gandr is an improper claim of magical powers and cannot be registered as a name element. Therefore, this name must be returned.
As the submitter does not allow the creation of a holding name, her device must also be returned.
There is a step from period practice for use of a compass star.
This device is returned for blurring the distinction between charge groups. While charges on either side of a field division are typically co-primary, and while three charges above a per chevron line of division are in fess by default, the relative size between the tree and the escarbuncles is significant enough that they appear to be primary and secondary. Upon resubmission, the submitter is advised to make the line of division shallower, and increase the size and thickness of the escarbuncles.
This device was withdrawn by the submitter.
This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Morgan Alyn Alwyn, Per pale gules and sable, in pale three bats displayed argent. In both cases, the bats are the primary charge group, centrally located and positioned across the line of division. The frets, covering only half the field, function as strewn secondary charges, and only count for one DC.
This device is returned administratively. The escutcheon used in the submission is not the one found on the device form. Submitters are advised to use the escutcheons, lozenges, and delfs that appear on the submission forms, rather than pasting their own artwork over the blank portions of the form.
(to Lochac acceptances) (to Lochac returns) (to Lochac pends)
This device is returned for lack of contrast. The primary charge shares a tincture with the field, and its identifiability relies on extrapolating half of its shape from context. This is contrary to the precepts of period heraldry, which emphasized immediate identification. Sharing a tincture with the field makes half the outline of the charge invisible, which is not acceptable.
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Anne of Huntingdon Loxley, Argent, a chevron ployé vert between two roses gules slipped and leaved vert and a sunburst gules. There is one DC for the collective changes to the type of secondary charge group, but no DC for a chevron vs. a chevron ployé.
This device is returned for violation of SENA A3D2c, which requires all charges in a charge group to be in a unified orientation. The positioning of the three dolphins must be blazoned independently of the escallop, and so they are not in a unified arrangement.
(to Meridies acceptances) (to Meridies returns)
None.
(to Middle acceptances) (to Middle returns) (to Middle pends)
None.
(to Northshield acceptances) (to Northshield returns)
This must be returned for violation of SENA A3D2c, which requires that "The charges within a charge group should be in either identical postures/orientations or an arrangement that includes posture/orientation (in cross, combatant, or in pall points outward, for example)." In this submission, the wing is bendwise inverted, while the recorder is bendwise. Because their orientations must be separately blazoned, they are not in a unified orientation and must be returned.
This must be returned for violating SENA A2C1, which requires that "Elements must be drawn in their period forms and in a period armorial style." In the return of a badge for the Kingdom of Meridies in the LoAR of May 2017, Wreath stated:
The quillons and knucklebow which define the rapier as a heraldic charge are absent. No evidence was presented, and none was found in commentary, demonstrating that this guard is period either as a heraldic charge or an artifact. Absent such evidence, the design is returned for a redraw.
Likewise, absent documentation for this guard, this design is returned for a redraw.
This must be returned for violating SENA A2C1, which requires that "Elements must be drawn in their period forms and in a period armorial style." This depiction of an anvil was used in the device submission of Eynon ab Iohannes Mal, which was returned in the LoAR of December 2004, stating:
This is returned for lack of documentation for the depictions of the anvil and the sword used. On resubmission, the submitter should use depictions previously documented or provide documentation for the types of anvil and sword used here.
Absent documentation for this type of anvil, it is still not registerable.
Even if drawn correctly, this device would be returned for conflict: Stephen of Forth Castle, Per bend sable and paly gules and Or, a double-bitted anvil Or. There is one DC for the change of field, but none for type of anvil.
This device is returned for violation of SENA A3D2c, which requires that "The charges within a charge group should be in either identical postures/orientations or an arrangement that includes posture/orientation (in cross, combatant, or in pall points outward, for example)." The Catherine wheel and horses are all in the same primary charge group, but the horses are arranged in annulo separately from the wheel.
There is a step from period practice for having charges in annulo that are not in their usual upright orientation.
This badge must be returned for conflict with the badge of Eric Edgarson, Lozengy gules and argent, a goat clymant sable. There is one DC for changes to the field, but no DC for the addition of the coronet. Clymant is the goat-specific terminology for rampant, which carries no DC from salient.
The submitter is a court baroness, and thus entitled to display a coronet.
(to Outlands acceptances) (to Outlands returns)
- Explicit littera renuntiationum -
Both the Letter of Intent and commentary identified the issue of whether this name presumes on the name of a saint of the Serbian Orthodox Church, rendered in modern English as Helen of Anjou. We are pending this name to address whether all saints should be automatically be protected from presumption or whether protection of saints be assessed on a case-by-case basis based on their historical and cultural significance?
Past precedents suggest, without ever explicitly so stating, that we addressed the protection of saints on a case by case basis. For example, in 2000, we ruled:
Because it is reasonable for a resident of a town to be named after the town's patron saint, this name is not presumptuous. Furthermore, Saint Morwenna, the patron saint of Morwenstow, is not important enough to protect. [Morwenna of Morwenstow, 01/00, A-Drachenwald]
We further note that, by precedent, the addition of a second byname that does not allude to any attributes of Saint Helen of Anjou would remove the appearance of presumption. When registering the name Jehanne Darc de la Coste in June 2005, we stated, in relevant part:
So, is the name presumptuous? It makes an unmistakable reference to the saint's name, but does this mean that it is a claim to be the saint? We believe that it does not make such a claim. For a name to be presumptuous, the names must either be in conflict or the allusion must be so strong that there is no doubt that the name is an attempt to be the person it presumes on. The addition of the locative, which is not associated with the saint, is sufficient to avoid presumption. Note that the addition of a locative or descriptive byname to a famous name is not in itself sufficient to avoid presumption; the locative or descriptive must be one that does not allude to the famous name. For example, Jehanne Darc de Domrémy or Jehanne Darc de Lorraine would be presumptuous, because, although the saint's name is not found with these locatives, she was raised on the estate of Domrémy in Lorraine. Likewise, descriptive bynames such as la fille or la pucelle (maiden, in both cases) would be presumptuous of "the maid of Orleans", as would descriptives referring to battle, martyrdom, or seeing visions/mental instability.
Since the name, by itself, is not presumptuous (despite the strong references -- we note that an addition reference to the saint in the submitter's arms may push the combination over the top), changing the second surname to a true locative/topographic byname should make the name registerable. We have changed the name to Jehanne Darc de la Coste in order to register it.
If the submitter wishes to add a second byname to moot the question of presumption while the name is pended, she should have her heralds add that information in the commentary so that we may consider it.
Her device is registered under the holding name Helene of Lions Gate.
This was item 16 on the An Tir letter of June 30, 2017.
(to An Tir acceptances) (to An Tir returns) (to An Tir pends)
This device is pended to discuss how to treat modifications to period chimerical monsters. Pantheons are defined as hinds (female deer) with fox tails, strewn with mullets or estoiles. The addition of antlers change the hind to a stag. Normally, we would not worry too much about this difference and would merely blazon it as a new chimerical creature. But in this case, the mullets would not be part of the definition of this new chimerical creature; as such, they would be quaternary charges (charges on a tertiary charge) and thus unregisterable. Commenters also questioned whether the mullets on this creature should be treated as quaternary charges even if it is a pantheon. We therefore ask for commentary on both questions: should this be treated as a variant of a pantheon? If so, should a pantheon be allowed as a tertiary charge with quaternary mullets or estoiles?
This was item 7 on the Gleann Abhann letter of June 6, 2017.
(to Gleann Abhann acceptances) (to Gleann Abhann returns) (to Gleann Abhann pends)
According to precedent, this badge should be returned for conflict with the badge of the West Kingdom, Purpure, a hunting horn reversed Or.
Based on previous returns, there is also no difference for reversing the hunting horn. [Roland of Foxesglen, LoAR of March 2005]
The Glossary of Terms defines the default [for hunting horns] as bell to dexter, and in fact, most horns registered to date do follow this default. Bell to dexter continues to be the default orientation. There is a blazonable difference between the orientations but not a CD. [Dáire de Haya, LoAR of Oct 2006]
These precedents seem to be predicated on the opinion that hunting horns are largely symmetrical. However, to my eye, hunting horns are not symmetrical; there is a small end with a mouthpiece and a large, flared end where the noise projects.
Commenters are asked to provide commentary on whether we should continue the practice of denying a DC for reversing a hunting horn.
This was item 14 on the Lochac letter of June 26, 2017.
The Barony argues that Hamlet should be a valid designator for a household. A hamlet is defined by the OED as "A group of houses or a small village in the country." However, on the March 2004 Letter of Acceptances and Returns, we ruled that Village could not be used as a household designator
[T]here was considerable discussion whether Village was appropriate as a household designator. The overwhelming consensus was that Village was not an appropriate designator for a household name and, that, if Village should ever be allowed as a designator, that it should be used as an alternate of some level of branch designator. We are, therefore, disallowing use of Village as a designator for a household name. [Petrus Curonus, Pähkinäsaari, Village of, 03/2004, R-Drachenwald]
In light of this precedent, we are pending this item for a further discussion. Among other things, we ask commenters to address whether using Village or Hamlet as a household designator inappropriately blurs the line between a household and an SCA branch and, if so, whether this blurring is a problem when the household is registered to a local group, as is the case here.
This was item 27 on the Lochac letter of June 26, 2017.
(to Lochac acceptances) (to Lochac returns) (to Lochac pends)
This order name purports to use the pattern Color + Heraldic Charge. However, no evidence was presented showing that a buttress was, in fact, a plausible heraldic charge. The arms of Steinhaussen, which "incorporat[e] buttress-like architectual detail" according to the Letter of Intent, were not accompanied by a blazon and it was by no means clear that anything in that image would have been blazoned as a "buttress." To complicate matters, we received absolutely no commentary at all on this item.
Therefore, we are pending this item in an effort to obtain evidence and commentary showing whether a buttress is a plausible period heraldic charge.
This was item 8 on the Middle letter of June 30, 2017.
Chennai (formerly known as Madras) is the modern name of a city that was known in period and, in fact, was in contact with the Portuguese and the Dutch beginning in the early 16th century. Therefore, it is a reasonable lingua Anglica form of an Indian place name.
This name is pended to address whether the use of the element R{a-}ja as part of the compound given name R{a-}ja C{u-}{l.}{a-}ma{n.}i is presumptuous. Although not a title protected in the Society, Raja or Rajah is a term used for a monarch or ruler in parts of South and Southeast Asia. Additional research is needed to determine the meaning of the name R{a-}ja C{u-}{l.}{a-}ma{n.}i in Tamil, its relationship to the title Raja or Rajah, and whether this name could be read as being a claim to being a monarch or ruler of the city of Chennai.
This was item 26 on the Middle letter of June 30, 2017.
(to Middle acceptances) (to Middle returns) (to Middle pends)
- Explicit -
Created at 2017-11-28T22:29:16