ACCEPTANCES

SEPTEMBER 1995

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN REGISTERED:

AN TIR

Alexander Ivor. Device. Per pale gules and argent, on a chevron inverted two stag's heads addorsed and conjoined at the necks counterchanged.

Aliena Searover. Name and device. Papellony azure and Or, three turtles passant gules.

More authentic expressions of the concept are seen in Emma Shypman 1296 and le Mariner 1279 (Bertil Thuresson, Middle English Occupational Terms, pp. 83, 85).

Ambergard, Shire of. Name change from Shire of Baile an tSeabhaic.

Ana Isabella Julietta Borja. Name and device. Argent, a spiderweb purpure and on a chief sable three spiders Or.

The name was submitted as Ana Isabella Borja on the LoI; her form originally had Ana Isabella Julitta Borja, and Lions Blood indicates that she actually wanted Ana Isabella Julietta Borja. Three given names are almost non-existent in period, but Ensign noted the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia (of Austria), 1566- 1633, daughter of Philip II of Spain and Elizabeth of Valois. Giulietta is a Renaissance Italian name, and Julieta is a modern Spanish form of the name, so Julietta can be given the benefit of the doubt as a possible period Spanish form.

Aurelia of Maelienydd. Name.

Edmund de la Haye. Badge. [Fieldless] A pentaskelion of duck's heads gules collared argent.

Eoin Mac Leid. Device. Per fess gules and purpure, on a mullet of eight points argent two drinking horns addorsed sable.

Eoin Mac Leid. Badge. [Fieldless] On a mullet of eight points argent two drinking horns addorsed sable.

Erasmus the Traveller. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, two staves in saltire Or in chief a tankard argent.

Etienne d'Avignon. Device. Per pale sable and Or, a pair of arms in armor counter-embowed and a sun issuant from base counterchanged.

Evelyn atte Holye. Badge. [Fieldless] Three holly leaves conjoined in annulo fructed proper.

Isabella de' Medici. Device. Sable, a mullet of eight interlocking mascles a bordure Or.

Jean Fiona MacDonnel. Device. Or, on a falcon displayed facing sinister perched upon a Celtic harp azure a Celtic cross argent.

Kerryk Wolfram. Device. Per bend raguly gules and sable, in pale a roundel and a wolf sejant to sinister ululant argent.

LeAnn of Wastekeep. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name change). Argent, a sword inverted purpure surmounted by a holly sprig fesswise and within an orle of holly sprigs fructed proper.

Submitted under the name Iain Anndra of Loch Sithleann.

LeAnn of Wastekeep. Holding name and badge (see RETURNS for name change). [Fieldless] A sword inverted surmounted by a holly sprig fesswise fructed, all proper.

Submitted under the name Iain Anndra of Loch Sithleann.

Maghenyld Kenedi. Name.

This is a fine mediæval Anglo-Scottish name.

Tanglwyst de Holloway. Household name and badge for House de Holloway. [Fieldless] In saltire a lion rampant argent surmounted by another rampant contourny purpure.

Thalia Woodhall. Name.

According to the LoI, the submitter chose a given name from Classical Greek mythology to go with her English Renaissance persona. The An Tir CoH questions the SCA folk wisdom that Classical/Mythological names were used in England during the Renaissance and asks for a ruling on their `blanket' acceptability in that setting. We have found considerable evidence for 16th century English use of names of Classical provenance, but few of them are primarily mythological. We doubt that a case can be made for unqualified acceptability of Classical names; certainly no one has made one. We will therefore continue to consider such names on their individual merits; in the present instance we have found enough support to give the name the benefit of the doubt.

In Greek mythology Thalia `bloom; good cheer, wealth, plenty' was the Muse of comedy and one of the three Graces; the other two Graces were Euphrosyne `cheerfulness, mirth, merriment' and Aglaia `splendor, beauty, brightness'. Evidence for period use of the names of the Muses is slight, but Praerie's Dictionary of Period Russian Names cites Evfrosin 1481 and a 4th century martyr Aglaii, whose names are clearly masculine forms of the names of the other two Graces. De Felice mentions several saints Eufrosina and indicates that Aglaia was used during the Italian Renaissance, while Withycombe notes a legendary saint Aglaia. Thus, the names of at least two of the three Graces were in use in Europe toward the end of our period; and since 16th century England seems to have been relatively open to new names of Classical origin, we are willing to grant the possibility that the remaining name, Thalia, might have been used then. (We have also taken into account the fact that it is clearly compatible with English phonetic patterns.)

The LoI also noted the possibility that the name might be compatible with a 13th century date. In fact there was a flowering of Classical and fanciful names in England in the late 12th century that seems to have lasted for about 100 years. Thalia would probably not have been out of place in that setting, but the surname would have been Wodehall, Wodhall, etc. (The earliest citation that anyone has found for Woodall, or indeed any other form without the h, is from Bardsley and is dated 1613.)

Tormod mac Luthais. Name.

Luthais seems to be a Gaelicization of Lewis, as Tormod is of Old Norse Thormór. The latter is definitely a period borrowing; the former may be, and we are giving it the benefit of the doubt. (Gaelic Mac Lughaidh is period, but it is a completely unrelated name.)

ATLANTIA

Atlantia, Kingdom of. Badge for Queens Champion. [Fieldless] A sea horse to sinister Or gorged of a chaplet of roses gules.

Their currently registered badge, A unicornate hippocampus Or gorged of a wreath of roses gules, is released.

Berengaria of Caer Mear. Name and device. Sable, a fountain between flaunches, a chief argent.

Please ask her to draw the chief wider.

Deirdre of Boolteens. Badge. [Fieldless] A butterfly volant bendwise sinister wings elevated and addorsed Or.

Elaine Gilbert. Name.

Elenore Spyrling. Device. Azure, on a fess wavy between an increscent and a sinister wing argent a fess wavy sable, a bordure argent.

Emma the Lost. Name.

The byname is unlikely: in the Middle Ages lost seems to have been a noun meaning `perdition, ruin, destruction'.

Etain of Ballynagran. Name and device. Per pale Or and vert, in pale a jesters hat and a horses head couped counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Étaín of Ballynagran on the LoI, but her form has Etain. The locative is registerable by virtue of the lingua anglica allowance; a completely early Irish version would be Étaín Baili in Chruinn.

Guaire Cáech. Name.

Isabeau de Falconcree. Name and device. Argent, a chevron throughout gules interlaced with another inverted throughout, in fess three roundels sable.

The name was submitted as Isabeau de Cri de Faucon; Cri de Faucon was said to be the French translation of Falconcree, the registered name of her canton. No one was able to support cri `cry' as a translation of cree, an obsolete verb meaning either `to create' or `to soften (grain) by boiling'. Mediæval English practice allows the use of French de with English place-names, however, so the name is registerable as Isabeau de Falconcree. This is a larger change than we like to make, but she explicitly wishes the name to refer to her canton.

Lasair Burke. Device. Sable, three unicorns rampant to sinister, a chief indented Or.

Nice simple armory.

Mara of Hidden Mountain. Name.

Marinus, Barony of. Name for Award of the Brass Trident.

Merrick Xavier. Device. Azure, a long cross moline argent, in chief two wyverns passant respectant wings displayed, a bordure Or.

The cross was blazoned in the LoI as recercely; this term appears to be an ambiguous one and should not be used in SCA blazon, much as we no longer use forceny, and for the same underlying reason: its ambiguity. "English heraldic writers seem, however, to have made two words, recercele and sarcelly, and have implied that they are of different origin and meaning; but there is no agreement as to what those meanings were. The French heralds seem equally at fault." (Parker, p. 494). Given this confusion among heraldists, the terms should be avoided in SCA blazon.

Morgan Fletcher. Name.

Oriana of Xylina. Device. Gules, a blonde mermaid maintaining a casket and mirror all proper, a chief wavy Or fretty sable.

Rory Blackhand. Device. Argent, a sealion reguardant gules within an orle of hands sable.

Rowen the Shiftless. Name.

The name was submitted as Rowan the Shiftless on the LoI, the given name having been changed from Rowen for want of documentation. According to Harpy, Rowen is a documented period spelling of a name used by Geoffrey of Monmouth for a fictional character; it was not used by human beings in our period but is considered `SCA-compatible'.

Roxbury Mill, Shire of. Device. Argent, two millrinds in cross within a laurel wreath vert.

Nice group armory!

Sigfastr Bogsveigir. Name.

William of Øland. Device. Per pale sable and vert, two tree stumps snagged Or.

Wolfric Steinberg. Name.

Wolfric is just possible as an early spelling variant of German Wolfrich.

EAST

Aíne ingen Chináeda. Name.

The name was submitted as Aíne ní Chináeda, but the submitter's forms request the `oldest spellings available' for the name, so we have replaced with the older ingen.

Alatheia Fenwick. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Anneke Vaandrager. Device. Or, a cross raguly sable overall a wolf passant gules.

Aschehyrst, Canton of. Device. Or, a hurst of ash trees proper and on a chief wavy azure, three laurel wreaths Or.

Really nice group armory!

Bjarki ap Owen. Badge. [Fieldless] A grenade Or.

Bruinnech Longstrider. Device. Azure, a drop spindle argent and a bordure argent semy of mullets of six points azure.

Caitlin ni Sheaghdha. Name.

The name was submitted as Caitlin O'Shea, but Caitlin is a purely Gaelic spelling incompatible with the Anglicized O'Shea. She permits changes and says that her persona is Irish, so have substituted the feminine Irish form of the surname. Catelin or Catlin O'Shea would be an acceptable English version of the name.

Catriona Meehan. Device. Per pale azure and Or, an escallop inverted counterchanged.

Ceri of Caermarthen. Device. Per pale azure and argent, two martlets respectant counterchanged.

Clear of Mathilde Meyer, Per pale azure and argent, two geese respectant enraged counterchanged. There is a CD for the change in posture (enraged has the wings expansed, and bodies in more of a "rising" posture), and another, given the clearly separate heraldic identity of the two birds in period, for type of bird.

Christopher of Cambridge. Name and device. Azure semy of bees Or, on a pale argent a hop vine vert.

Cormac MacHugh. Name.

This is a reasonable period Anglicization of the Irish Cormac Mac Aodha.

Cynnwr of Glyndwr. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Darerca Ní Dhonndubháin. Device. Per pale vert and argent, a chevron wavy between three trefoils all counterchanged.

Deirdre MacNamara of Trollhaven. Name and device. Sable, a horse rampant between two swords argent, a ford proper.

Edouard Chartier. Device. Argent, on a chevron cottised between three reremice gules five increscents argent.

Eleanor FitzPatrick. Name.

Gaston de Guay. Name.

The normal spelling of the place-name is Gué, but Dauzat notes Guay as an attested bad spelling (mauvaise orthographie).

Guiliem Wodehouse. Name and device. Argent, a griffin segreant azure and on a chief sable a comet argent.

Hachille the Harlequin. Name and device. Argent, a pale lozengy argent and azure between a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy azure.

It appears from his forms that he originally wanted Harlequin as a given name. This is actually possible: one of the Germanic names with prototheme Erle- could easily have produced a Flemish diminutive Harlekin, of which Harlequin would be a natural French respelling.

Hans ter Beke. Name.

The name was submitted as Hans von Bek on the LoI and as Hanse von Bek on his form. Like the Eastern CoH, Pelican is unable to support Hanse as a diminutive of Johannes. Bek is documented as Middle English, but there is a Middle Low German beke `brook, stream'. His form also shows that he intends Bek to be the topographical term for `brook', not an actual place-name, so we have used the normal Low German contraction ter `at the' appropriate to such a byname.

Janet Kempe. Name.

To quote Harpy, `This is a wonderfully authentic name!'

Kara Tölumaer. Device. Or, a sea-dragon contourny per fess gules and vert.

Katherine la Lionesse. Name.

Although the modern French for `the lioness' is la lionne, Black Dove was able to date the submitted term to 1210. Katerine is more characteristic of mediæval French and English spelling.

Kusunoki Yoshimoto. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Marcel d'Armand. Name and device. Vert, two lozenges in bend within a bordure Or.

Maximillian von Silberwald. Name.

Please inform the submitter that if he wants the byname to mean `of the Silverwood' he should change it to von dem Silberwald.

Mika Longbow. Household name and badge for House Longbow. Purpure, a goblet within an orle of gouttes argent.

Natalie of Carillion. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, two bottle-nosed dolphins naiant in annulo azure, on a chief sable three sheaves of arrows Or.

Submitted under the name Karoline Rosenkruzeng.

Ohashi Katsutoshi. Badge. Argent, on a lozenge azure a dragonfly argent all within a bordure azure.

Penelope of the Quill. Device. Vert, a chevron between two hawk's bells and a quill pen Or.

Ragnarr the Frog. Device. Or, a frog rampant guardant contourny vert, a bordure wavy azure.

Rowena del Baylly. Name.

The name was submitted as Rowena de Bailli on the LoI, but her form indicates that she originally wanted del Baylly; this can be justified from the discussion in Reaney & Wilson's article on Bailey (p. 24). Please inform her that Rowena does not seem to have been used by human beings in our period; it is an `SCA-compatible' Latinization of a name used by Geoffrey of Monmouth for a fictional character.

Rowena Longstrider. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Please inform her that Rowena does not seem to have been used by human beings in our period; it is an `SCA-compatible' Latinization of a name used by Geoffrey of Monmouth for a fictional character. Longstrider is not constructed in a period fashion, but it is grandfathered to her as the registered surname of her 20th century father; an authentic form is Stridewyde (Jönsjö, Middle English Nicknames).

Sara Rebecca Archer. Device. Azure, a bend sinister Or, overall a quiver ermine containing three arrows argent.

Sigeric of Ravenestone. Name.

The name was submitted as Sigeric of Ravenstone, which mixes eras: Sigeric is Old English, and Ravenstone is modern. Siric of Ravenestone would be an excellent Middle English version of the name, and Sigeric on Hræfnestune would be equally good Old English; we have made a minimal change to produce a form that could perhaps have been written at the time of the Norman Conquest.

Simon Kenric. Name and device. Azure billetty Or, a bend sinister argent.

Stefan Hochreiter. Name.

Please inform him that the attested surname is locative, `one from Hochreit or Hochreut(h)', not a nickname for a `high rider'.

Vikki of Rusted Woodlands. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, on a pale purpure endorsed vert a shamrock environed of a Bourchier knot palewise Or.

Submitted under the name Tiernan ni Cearnaigh.

Wulfric Ferreter. Name and device. Per chevron sable and azure, a chevron Or between two wolf's heads couped and a ferret statant argent.

Ferreter is a modern spelling; the 14th century Furettour is much more compatible with the given name.

MAXEN LETTER OF INTENT TO PROTECT

Afghanistan. Per fess vert and sable, a fess argent surmounted by an arch within a wreath environed of two scimitars crossed at the hilts tips in base gules.

Benin. Per fess Or and gules, a dexter tierce vert.

Cambodia. Azure, on a fess gules the temple of Angkor Wat argent.

Cape Verde. Azure, on a abased fess argent a bar gules, overall to dexter ten mullets in annulo Or.

Congo. Per bend sinister vert and gules, a bend sinister Or.

Czech Republic. Per fess argent and gules, a dexter tierce triangular azure.

This is currently blazoned incorrectly as Per pall azure, gules and argent. It could, however, also be accurately blazoned as Per pale argent and gules, a chief triangular azure.

Eritrea. Per fess vert and bleu-celeste, on a pile issuant from dexter throughout gules a sprig issuant from and within a laurel wreath Or.

Iraq. Per fess gules and sable, on a fess argent between three mullets in fess the words Allahu akbar in Arabic vert.

Kazakhstan. Azure, in pale a sun and an eagle volant affronty wings displayed voided, in the hoist a pallet of lace Or.

Kyrgyzstan. Gules, on a sun Or three bendlets and three bendlets sinister, all enarched, within and conjoined to an annulet gules.

Lithuania. Per fess Or and gules, a fess vert.

Namibia. Per bend sinister azure and vert, a bend sinister gules fimbriated argent, in dexter chief a sun Or.

Slovenia. Per fess argent and gules, a fess and in dexter chief on an escutcheon azure fimbriated gules on a mountain of three peaks argent two bars wavy azure and in chief three mullets two and one Or.

This is currently blazoned Azure in chief three mullets Or and on a trimount argent two bars wavy azure.

South Africa. Per pall fesswise gules, sable, and azure, a pall fesswise vert fimbriated to dexter Or and to sinister argent.

This could also be blazoned as Per pall sable, gules and azure, a pall vert fimbriated to chief Or and to dexter and sinister argent.

Tajikistan. Per fess gules and vert, on a fess argent a crown and to chief an arc of seven mullets all in annulo Or.

Turkmenistan. Vert, in dexter chief between the horns of a crescent bendwise five mullets two and three in bend argent, to dexter a pale gules marked as a Turkmen carpet Or, argent and azure.

Yemen. Per fess gules and sable, a fess argent.

MERIDIES

Alys Lavender of Blackwood. Name.

The name was submitted as Alys Lavendar of Blackwood; we have corrected the spelling to match the available documentation.

Angus Dande of Clan Ross. Name.

Aoife Eorann ni Bhriain. Device. Potenty vert and Or, a raven rising sable maintaining in its dexter claw an increscent argent, a bordure sable semy of increscents argent.

Brigid O'Farrell of Beckery. Device. Gules, a tankard between flaunches argent each charged with a musical note sable.

Versus Cathryn of the Dark Glen, Gules, a chalice between flaunches, each flaunch charged with a sprig proper, there is one CD for the multiple changes to tertiaries and another for the very visible difference between a tankard and a chalice with its long stem and unique outline.

Bronwen o Gydweli. Household name for Ty Gafrewig Wen.

The name was submitted as Ty Gefrewig Wen; we have corrected the spelling of gafrewig `antelope'. `House of the White Antelope' does not seem to follow period Welsh practice in naming families and buildings, but it is well within our rather loose standards for household names.

Buqa Naran. Name.

Caillin Mac Leoid. Name and device. Counter-ermine, on a pale argent a cross bottony gules.

The name was submitted as Caillin MacLeod on the LoI; his form has Mac Leod. The name needs to be written consistently in Gaelic (Caillin Mac Leoid) or in Anglicized (Calline Mac Leod) orthography; we have used the former as being closer to what he submitted. Caillín is pronounced roughly like the word colleen, so the name does not conflict with the registered Callum Macleod.

Nice armory!

Cairbre mac Shimidh of Glen Shiel. Household name for House Dragonkeep.

The name was submitted on the LoI as House Dragonskeep, changed at kingdom from Dragonkeep. Despite the lack of early citations in the Compact Oxford English Dictionary for keep as part of a castle, the citation Thomas ate Kepe 1327 from Reaney & Wilson shows that it is a legitimate mediæval topographical element. The Dragonkeep might have been the one from which the standard, or dragon, was flown (Reaney & Wilson at Dragon).

Callie O'Reilly. Name.

The name was submitted as Cáelainn O'Reilly, which violates period practice in combining Gaelic and English spellings in a single name. She `will accept changes on Cáelainn, but [she has] gone by Callie for eight years and will not change it', and she signs herself Lady Callie O'Reilly. J.J. Kneen, The Personal Names of the Isle of Man, p. 53, notes Mac Caly `son of Caly' and Ine Caly `daughter of Caly', both 1511, Cally 1605, and Callie 1617, all from the Gaelic name Caollaidhe. Callie O'Reilly is an acceptable Anglicization of Caollaidhe Ó Raghallaigh; it is a man's name, but in view of her definite statement we see no bar to registering it to her.

Crystyna Hyrundo. Device change. Or, three martlets azure, a bordure gules semy-de-lys Or.

Her currently registered device, Or, two barn swallows volant counter-volant in fess proper, within a bordure gules semy-de-lys Or, is released.

This is nice armory!

Danielle de la Roche. Name and device. Ermine, on a bend sinister purpure three lozenges palewise argent and in dexter chief a cross fleury gules.

Domingo de Valencia. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Donaghan Urquhart. Name.

Please do not use Flora Gaines Loughead's Dictionary of Given Names for documentation; it is worthless for our purposes. Donaghan is a reasonable Anglicization of Irish Donnachán, which Woulfe (p. 502) takes to be a variant of Donnagán; the latter would normally be Anglicized as Donagan.

Griffin O'Swerde. Name.

The name was submitted as Griffin O'Suaird on the LoI; it appears from his form that he probably intended the documented Ó Suaird. The English given name requires an Anglicized form of the surname; O'Swerde is consistent with the Jacobethan forms attested at (Woulfe, p. 648) and should yield the intended pronunciation.

Henry of Stone Hill Keep. Household name for Stone Hill Keep only (see RETURNS for badge).

Despite the lack of early citations in the Compact Oxford English Dictionary for keep as part of a castle, the citation Thomas ate Kepe 1327 from Reaney & Wilson shows that it is a legitimate mediæval topographical element. Stonehill Keep would be more in accord with documented period practice.

Hywel ap Ieuan. Name and device. Vert, a bend cotised between six crosses formy argent.

Very nice armory!

Jane Beaumont. Name and device. Argent, a bend sinister wavy gules between a crescent pendant and a rose sable.

Johannes the Black of the Athanor. Device transfer to Luu Naran. Sable, a retort atop an athanor, in sinister chief a cross moline, a bordure Or.

This is being transferred under the terms of an heraldic will.

John of Ean Airgead. Household badge for Ean Airgead (jointly with Rhiannon Cathaoir-Mor). [Fieldless] On an escallop inverted gules a chimney swift migrant argent.

John the Pursuwer. Name.

Please let him know that the primary mediæval sense of the byname seems to be `persecutor'.

Katherine Anne of County Cork. Device. Sable, on a fess between a Latin cross and a wolf's head erased ululant contourny argent a mullet gules.

Keterlyn von Fulda. Name and device. Purpure, in pale three crosses fleury Or between flaunches ermine.

Luu Naran. Name; device transfer from Johannes the Black of the Athanor. Sable, a retort atop an athanor, in sinister chief a cross moline, a bordure Or.

The device is being transferred under the terms of an heraldic will. A letter of acceptance has been received from the recipient.

Mary of Meridies. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron throughout engrailed three thistles counterchanged.

Submitted under the name Brighde Mary MacGregor.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Argent Lily.

Though this might be more authentic as the Order of the Silver Lily, heraldic charges are one of the possible sources for order names. (Note that this registration is not in conflict with the 9/94 return of the household name House of the Argent Horse: order names and house names do not follow the same models in English.)

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Award of the Crowns Favor.

The name was submitted as Award of the Crown's Favor; in accordance with normal period practice we have removed the apostrophe.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Cygnet.

The Principality of Cynagua do not seem to have registered the name of their Order of the Cygnet.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Guiding Hand.

The earliest Compact Oxford English Dictionary citation for guiding as an adjective is from 1601, not 1592 as stated in the LoI; this is of course still well within the Grey Area.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name for Order of the Meridian Broken Bow.

Meridies, Kingdom of. Name and badge for Order of the Meridian Cross. [Fieldless] A cross moline quarterly argent and sable.

Muredach Dáil Riata. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and Or, an increscent and a raven counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Muiredach o Dal Riada on the LoI, changed at kingdom from Murdach of Dal Riada. The Welsh preposition o is out of place in this early Irish name; we have followed a documented early Irish practice of putting the place-name into the genitive case. Since both kingdoms of Dal Riada ceased to exist in the 9th century, we have used the appropriate older spelling of the name. Finally, Pelican was able to document Muredach (from the Dictionary of the Irish Language) as an early spelling variant of Muiredach, thereby allowing us to register the name in a form closer to what he originally submitted. (The Muiredach, king of Dál Riata, who lost the battle of Cnoc Cairpre in 736 does not seem to appear in standard works of general reference and is therefore not protected.)

Nicholas Glen MacPhearson. Name.

The name would be more authentic as Nicholas MacPherson of Glen, but we have recently registered names of this type on the chance that the misplaced locative might have been a nickname. See the Cover Letter for a discussion of double surnames and a request for opinions.

Ophelia Wortman. Name.

Qairatai Baras. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and Or maily azure, a cross of Lorraine Or.

Rhiannon Cathaoir-Mor. Device. Azure, on a pale endorsed between two escallops inverted argent, three escallops inverted gules.

Robert of the Isles. Badge. [Fieldless] A wolf's head caboshed Or jessant of a Celtic cross patonce gules.

Roland Wortman. Name.

Ronan ap Morgan. Name and device. Per pale argent and azure, two horses salient addorsed counterchanged sable and argent, in chief a rose gules barbed and seeded proper.

Serena O'Brian. Name and device. Purpure, an increscent Or, a bordure Or semy of quatrefoils slipped vert.

The name was submitted as Serena O'Bhriain, which mixes English and Gaelic spelling conventions in a non-period fashion; since there does not seem to be a Gaelic form of Serena, we have Anglicized the surname. Please add Augustus Wilfrid Dellquest's These Names of Ours: A Book of Surnames (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell) to the list of books that are not acceptable as documentation.

Sheamus Corrigan. Name.

The mixture of Irish and English spellings goes against documented period practice. The name would be fine as Irish Séamus Ó Corragáin or Anglicized as Sheamus Corrigan; we have registered the latter as representing the smaller change.

Tancred the Gray. Name and device. Per bend sable and vert, a bend indented and in sinister chief a tree couped, a base wave barry wavy argent and vert.

Though the waviness of the base on the large emblazon was better than that on the mini in the LoI, please ask the submitter to draw them a bit more wavy still than they were on the large emblazon.

Tatiana Mitford. Name.

Such a Russian/English combination is extremely improbable in period.

Victoria of Durham. Badge. [Fieldless] A rose purpure barbed and seeded proper winged argent estencely sable.

William FitzJohn. Release of name Garret MacFaelain and device. Per chevron azure and argent, two arrows inverted in chevron argent, and an acorn proper.

Yesugai Naran. Device. Sable, a sagittary salient reguardant argent drawing a bow to sinister, a bordure embattled Or.

MIDDLE

Abelard die Elster. Name and device. Erminois, on a chevron sable between three roses gules three masks of tragedy palewise Or.

Adeliza Calderón. Name and device. Per pale azure and gules, a dance between three decrescents argent.

Ælred Wulfweard. Device. Azure, a bend sinister bretessed between a wolf rampant contourny and another rampant Or.

Affrica nic Pharlain Sidhein Mhoir. Device. Per pale vert and gules, two foxes sejant respectant on a chief argent three roses proper seeded sable.

Alastar Oftegon. Name.

The name was submitted as Alastar Often Gone. English bynames of the form <adverb> <past participle> are rare, but Jönsjö's Middle English Nicknames does have such examples as Aydrunken, Dereboght, and Newcomen. Since he permits minor changes, we have substituted Middle English forms of the words and run them together in the fashion of the period models.

Alda Mauricia. Device. Purpure, a crook of Basel argent.

Alina of Foxwood. Name.

Smith, English Place-Name Elements, notes rare examples of the form <animal>wood, including Harewood and Oxwood. The spelling Foxwode would better match the style of the name.

Alyna Duchez. Device. Argent, a raven rising wings elevated and addorsed sable beaked and membered gules maintaining in its dexter claw a heart sable all within a bordure nebuly azure.

Clear of Cigfran Myddrael Joserlin the Raven, Argent a raven rising reguardant wings disclosed proper in its dexter claw a sword gules, with CDs for the addition of the bordure and for the posture of the wings (elevated and addorsed versus displayed). Clear of Caitlin ni Cailean de Bri, Argent, a raven close sable perched upon a rowan branch leaved and fructed proper, with CDs for the addition of the bordure and for the posture of the bird (rising, wings elevated and addorsed versus close). And clear of Rohlfe Ravenson, Argent, a raven surgerant sable, perching upon a dexter hand in pale, couped at the wrist proper, gauntleted azure, with CDs for changing the type of peripheral charge and for posture of the primary (surgerant is the equivalent of rising, wings displayed).

Ancelin Daverenge. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The surname was documented from Barber's British Family Names, which has been described as `a mere collection of guesses unsupported by evidence' (Reaney & Wilson, p. ix), and could not be found in any of the more respectable sources. However, Morlet (vol. III, p. 212) gives Avrench and Averenc as 1159 spellings of modern Avrent, and it seems possible that Daverenge might have developed from a locative d'Averench. (Averenge is also constructible from Abar, the personal name that underlies Avrent, and the common place-name suffix -inga, -ingen, which not infrequently leads to modern -ange, -enge.)

Angharad ferch Tangwystl. Device. Or, a rose sable barbed and seeded proper, a chief enarched sable mullety Or.

Please ask the submitter to draw the chief a little wider.

Angus Fraser. Name.

Anna Mailander. Name and device. Argent semy of sewing needles threaded vert, a martlet gules, a bordure sable.

Antartus Valentior. Device. Plumetty argent and vert, a sledgehammer sable hafted proper and overall a single-horned anvil reversed sable.

Aranwen Ddryw ferch Rhodri. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Arinwald Rotstein. Household name for House of the Golden Cock only (see RETURNS for badge).

Armand de Chartres. Name.

Aurore Defontaine. Name.

Basilius Phocas. Name and device. Gules, a chi-rho argent within an orle of bezants.

Benedict Beverly. Name and device. Per pale argent and azure two chevronels in chief two crosses potent all counterchanged.

Beorn se Gildene. Name and device. Per chevron sable estoilly Or and purpure, a bear statant Or.

Berhtolf Warinhar. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Bertran Eastwood. Name and device. Azure, on a bezant a raven contourny sable and a chief counter-compony Or and sable.

Caer Frig, Canton of. Device. Azure, on a shakefork argent three towers palewise azure in chief a laurel wreath argent.

Caitriona ni Dhubhghaill. Name and device. Argent, a demi-horse rampant sable, on a chief wavy purpure, three triskelions pommety Or.

The name was submitted as Catriona ni Dhubhghail on the LoI, but her form has Caitriona ni Dhubhghaill, which seems to be better Gaelic.

Please tell the submitter that the chief needs to be more deeply wavy.

Cameron de Halby. Device change. Per bend sinister wavy Or and azure, three tulip blossoms in bend sinister gules and three cushions in bend sinister Or.

His currently registered device, Per bend sinister wavy Or and sable, three tulip blossoms in bend sinister gules, and thee cushions in bend sinister Or, is released.

Cecilia of Wrexham. Name.

Charles Robert Oakley of Rivendale. Device. Per chevron inverted argent and vert, in chief three oak leaves two and one and in base another all counterchanged.

Charles Robert Oakley of Rivendale. Badge. [Fieldless] An oak leaf per bend vert and argent.

Colin de Bohun. Name and device. Or, semy of maple leaves vert, on a saltire gules a sword bendwise argent.

Colinet Bradwarden. Name and device. Azure, a bend of chain between two great helms and on a chief Or, a unicorn couchant sable.

The name was submitted as Colinet Bradwardine with a request for Bradwarden if that could be documented. Ekwall derives the modern place-name Warden from OE weard-dûn `watch hill'. He has many examples showing that Old English brâd `broad, wide' often remained brad in place-names, and he notes that in Broadhembury the word had the sense of `great' and was used to distinguish this place from Payhembury. Bradwarden is a possible form of an analogous place-name, though probably not the most likely form.

Connor Buchanan. Name and device. Azure, a bicorporate lion within a bordure dovetailed Or.

Connor McClung. Name and device. Per saltire sable and azure, a sword Or between two compass stars argent.

Cú gan mháthair MacMuircheartaigh. Name and device. Vert, on a bend sinister Or between a fox's mask and a Celtic cross argent three quatrefoil knots palewise vert.

The name was submitted as Cù gan mháthair MacMuircheartaigh; we have corrected the direction of the first accent. Cú cen máthair mac Muirchertaig is a more authentic spelling of this ancient name, but he wants the modern form.

Dafydd Arth. Name and device. Quarterly azure and purpure, two recorders crossed in saltire, on a chief argent a bear statant contourny between two fleur-de-lys sable.

David le Ymagour. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

David Scrivener of Newcastle. Name and device. Sable, three bees Or and a chief paly bendy sable and Or.

This is an excellent mediæval name.

Diago Alfonso de Córdoba. Name and device. Per pale sable and azure two talbots sejant argent.

Drauma-Toki Dagsson. Name and device. Argent, on a bend sinister purpure between a sun and a mask of tragedy sable four caltraps palewise argent.

Duncan Arthur Standish. Device. Per fess engrailed azure and argent, a roundel counterchanged.

Duncan Malcolm MacDougall. Name and device. Ermine, a Coptic cross and on a chief gules three chess rooks ermine.

Edmond McBee. Name.

Edolina del Fylde. Name.

Excellent.

Egon von dem Schwarzwald. Name.

Eideard an Gobhainn. Name.

Eleazar Ben Judah. Name and device. Per fess gules and sable, a lion rampant maintaining an arrow inverted Or between three pairs of rapiers in saltire argent.

It is customary not to capitalize the particle ben. Had he not forbidden spelling and grammar changes, we'd have changed the name to Eleazar ben Judah. We'd still much prefer this form; but period practice in respect of capitalization was erratic enough that we are not willing to return the name solely for that reason.

Émann Ó Cathmoga. Name and device. Vert, a fess argent ermined vert between a hand fesswise couped at the wrist and a foot couped argent.

The name was submitted as Émann ó Cathmoga on the LoI, but his form has Émann Ó Cathmoga.

Eochaidh MacEochada. Name and device. Vert, on a pale argent between a dog and a horse combattant Or three morning glory flowers purpure.

Eoin Ó Séaghdha. Name and device. Vert, three chevronels braced and in chief a hound couchant argent charged with a feather fesswise reversed sable.

The name was submitted as Eoin ó Séaghdha on the LoI, but form had an upper case Ó.

Erennach Nic Dugal Crawford. Name and device. Or, a swan naiant sable, in base a drover's whip embowed inverted gules, a chief checky sable and Or.

Erennach is a reasonable phonetic Anglicization of early Irish Érennach. As submitted this is a late-period name containing two surnames, which is a definite `weirdness'; see the discussion in the Cover Letter. It would be much better as Erennach neyn Dugal Crawford, which would make her the daughter of Dugal Crawford, or as Erennach Nic Dugal of Crawford, which would make her a female Mac Dugal of Crawford; unfortunately, she permits no changes.

Garth of the Crags. Name and device. Azure, a boar passant and on a chief indented argent two bickern anvils azure.

Grainne ingen Murchada. Name.

This is an excellent early Irish name.

Grym Beckum. Name and device. Per bend indented sable and argent, two broken sword hilts counterchanged.

Günther Arnbach. Name and device. Barry-bendy Or and azure an eagle displayed ermine between three torteaux.

Gwenhyfar Stuart. Device. Argent, on a bend azure between two thistles proper three harps palewise Or.

Gwyneth Felton. Name and device. Quarterly azure and pean, three weaver's knots in bend argent.

Hannah Read. Name.

Hawkland Moor, Riding of. Device. Per chevron gules and azure, a hawk Or within a laurel wreath argent.

Their currently registered device, Or, a three-tiered fountain azure within a laurel wreath vert, all within a bordure azure charged with six hawks displayed argent, is released.

Helena Jans Folkje. Name and device. Vert, an amphora Or, on a chief engrailed argent a holly vine vert fructed gules.

The name was submitted as Helena Jan Folkje; we have modified the grammar to match the closest available period Netherlandish models (Wilfried Beele, Studie van de Ieperse Persoonsnamen uit de Stads-en Baljuwsrekeningen, p. 49), which have the possessive form of the father's or husband's name. Folkje is a Netherlandish and Friesian diminutive of uncertain date (Franz Stark, Die Kosenamen der Germanen, p. 74); we are giving it the benefit of the doubt.

Isabelle of Leith. Name.

Ivan Krasavets. Name and device. Gyronny vert and Or, four towers Or.

John Skinner of Rivenstar. Badge. [Fieldless] Two shofars in saltire, bells to base and mouths conjoined argent.

Kaane McCada. Name.

The name is a phonetic Anglicization of Irish Cathán Mac Ada or Mac Adaidh.

Kamiizumi Jirou Munenori. Name and device. Sable, a moneybag within two bars couped fretted with two pallets couped argent.

Karl Aerdigwidder von Zauberberg. Badge. Sable fretty Or, a chief invected ermine.

Kateline of Lough Erne. Name and device. Sable, on a bend between two cherry trees Or three lyres palewise sable.

Kateryn of Roseberry Topping. Name and device. Or, a Catherine's wheel sable, in chief a rose proper.

Roseberry Topping is the modern name of a hill that was recorded as Othenesberg in 1119, so there was some question as to whether the modern name is period; since topping in the sense of `a hilltop' is Middle English, it seems likely that the name had assumed something like its present form by 1601. (In any case, Roseberry is a possible late-period reflex of a hypothetical Old Norse hross(a)-berg `horse hill', so the place-name is at worst constructible.)

Katherine of Sternfeld. Badge. Gules, on a lozenge Or a trefoil azure all within a bordure wavy Or.

Please tell the submitter to draw the wavy line of division more boldly.

Katherine Stonehand. Device change. Azure, on a nesselblatt argent a rapier sable and a wooden spoon proper in saltire.

Her currently registered device, Per fess azure and argent, two keys fesswise counterchanged, is retained as a badge.

Keja Tselebnika. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The name was submitted as Keja Tselebnik; we have feminized the Russian byname to match the gender of the given name. The photocopied documentation shows that Keja is at least a modern Romany (Gypsy) name. Since Romany has been an unwritten language for most of its 1000-year history, the choice is essentially between accepting such documentation and assuming that Romany names have not changed too greatly in the last 400 years, and not accepting Romany names at all; we have chosen the more generous course.

Kenneth die Katze. Name only (see RETURNS for device and badge).

The combination of a German byname with an Anglo-Scottish given name is very unlikely.

Keziah Gildea. Name and device. Azure, a dove argent within a bordure argent semy of crosses moline azure.

Keziah is a Biblical name of the type occasionally used by 16th century Puritans.

The large emblazon had the crosses moline, rather than couped.

Killian Stewart. Device. Per pale sable and argent, two wolves heads respectant counterchanged.

Kuroyama Ryuuichirou Tokinari. Name and device. Or, two arrows fesswise gules and a mount sable.

The name was submitted as Kyroyama Ryuuichirou Tokinar on the LoI, but it is clear from the documentation that the registered form was intended. (We suspect that the name was mis-copied from the Pennsic worksheet, which unfortunately was not included in the packet.)

Lodhver Ledhrfótr. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, a bend sinister between two candles argent.

The name was submitted as Lothair Ledrofótr on the LoI; the form has Lerfótr for the byname. The Old Norse byname is very much out of place with the French Lothair; since he allows changes, we have substituted Lover, the closest Norse name that we can find. We have transliterated by dh throughout.

Lucia Ottavia da Siena. Name and device. Azure, an owl rising guardant wings displayed argent within a bordure quarterly argent and Or.

The name was submitted as Lucia Ottavia da Sienna; we have corrected the spelling of the place-name.

Versus the House d'Este, Azure, an eagle displayed argent crowned Or, there are CDs for the addition of the bordure and for the posture of the primary charge; rising is basically bendwise while displayed has the body clearly palewise.

Madelaine of Red Spears. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Or, on a bend indented between two roses purpure, three trees palewise Or.

Submitted with the name Madeleine de la Forest.

Malcolm Donnelly. Device. Per chevron inverted embattled argent and sable, three towers counterchanged.

Margaret of Nordskogen. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, a cat sejant argent between in fess an increscent and a decrescent Or.

The device was submitted with the name Leila Sa'ida bint al-Majnun.

Meliora Leuedai de Ardescote. Name and device. Azure, a terrier statant argent holding in its mouth two arrows and on a chief enarched Or two roses gules.

The name was submitted as Meliora Leuedai de Ardescute on the LoI, but the form had the documented de Ardescote.

Miadhach an Faol. Name.

The name was submitted as Miadhach An Faol on the LoI, but the form has an Faol `the wolf'.

Middle, Kingdom of the. Badge (see RETURNS for order name). Gules, two flanged maces in saltire argent.

Versus Jehan de la Marche, Gules, a mace argent, there are CDs for number and for orientation. Neither of the maces in this submission are palewise; hence, a CD may be allowed for orientation here. As noted in the LoAR of August 1992, p, 25, "Had none of the coneys in Daniel's device been in the same posture as Kineiland's coney, then we could indeed obtain a CD for posture as well as for number. But so long as one coney has no countable difference from Kineiland, then we can only grant a single CD for adding the other three coneys. The submitter might try putting his coneys in saltire, instead of in cross."

Submitted with the name Order of the Red Company.

Morwenna Adeva ferch Gruffudd of Northaven. Device. Gules, on a flame Or a mullet gules, a chief rayonny Or.

Myfanwy ferch Morys. Name and device. Or, a sun in splendor purpure and a bordure gules semy of increscents Or.

Myfanwy ferch Rhonwen. Device change. Azure, on a bezant a swallow displayed facing sinister azure, on a chief Or two holly leaves fesswise reversed vert.

Her currently registered device, Sable, on a bezant a triskele gules, is retained as a badge.

Northshield, Principality of. Badge. Sable, a compass rose argent, a bordure Or.

Versus Rudolf von Tarnenheim, Sable, a compass-star throughout gyronny of sixteen argent and sable, fimbriated argent, within a bordure Or, there is a CD for changing the tincture of half the charge, and another for the difference between a compass rose with its prominent annulet and a compass star.

Peregrine the Illuminator. Device. Per pale sable and gules all semy of flames Or, three bars embattled argent.

Red Spears, Barony of. Name and badge for Order of the Boars Eye. [Fieldless] A boar's head couped close gules holding in its mouth a sheaf of five arrows Or barbed and flighted gules.

Red Spears, Barony of. Name for Order of the Hildisvin.

The name was submitted as Order of the Hildisvini, but according to Cleasby, Vígfusson, & Craigie, Icelandic-English Dictionary, the name of Freyja's boar was actually Hildisvín; Hildisvíni is the dative singular. Hildisvín is also the name of a helmet supposed to have been owned by one of the early Swedish kings (H.R. Ellis Davidson, Gods and Myths of Northern Europe, pp. 98-9), so the definite article is appropriate.

Red Spears, Barony of. Name and badge for Order of the Ruby Chalice. Or, a covered crystal chalice between flaunches gules.

The 15th century Aragonese order of the Knights of the Tankard (de la Jara) and the 11th century papal Order of the Golden Rose are models for the name (Friar, A Dictionary of Heraldry, pp. 170, 338).

Red Spears, Barony of. Name and badge for Orde van de Zuil. Per pale purpure and argent, a zule counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Order of the Zule; unfortunately, the earliest citation for zule in the Compact Oxford English Dictionary is from 1780. According to the Miller & Munday in the Pictorial Dictionary, the charge itself was not introduced into England until the reign of William of Orange, which began in 1689; and since zule is a borrowing of Dutch zuil `column, pillar', it is therefore unlikely to predate the late 17th century. The form explicitly allows substitution of the Dutch term; to avoid the polyglot phrase of the Zuil we have translated the entire name into Dutch.

Reynard d'Avignon. Name and device. Argent, on a bend vert between a rose gules and a sword sable three fleurs-de-lys palewise argent.

Rhiannon Strongsheres. Name and device. Argent, a chevron rayonny on the upper edge between two cats combattant sable and a phoenix gules rising from flames proper.

Please inform her that Rhiannon is a goddess-name not known to have been used by human beings in period.

Richard Makreith. Device change. Lozengy sable and Or, a yale rampant and issuant from base a demi-sun gules.

His currently registered device, Lozengy sable and Or, a yale sejant contourny gules, is released.

Robert Wildish. Name and device. Azure, a chevron argent goutty de larmes between three towers argent.

The available evidence supports Weldish much better than Wildish: the earliest available citation with an i in the first syllable is from 1799. But the name is from weald, for which the Compact Oxford English Dictionary shows wild(e) as a possible spelling from the 16th century, so Wildish should be an acceptable late-period form.

Rockhaven, Shire of. Name and device. Azure, a wall argent masoned pierced of a portal sable, in chief a laurel wreath between two pheons Or.

The name was submitted as Rock Haven; in accordance with normal period practice we have fused the elements.

Please tell them that laurel wreaths should be drawn nearly circular in shape.

Rolland Benassis. Name and device. Azure, issuant from a plate charged with a wheel gules three demi-lightning bolts in pall argent and on a chief argent five pheons inverted gules.

Rosaline Weaver. Device. Argent, a lightning bolt palewise azure.

Rosalyn MacGregor. Name.

The name was submitted as Rosalyn MacGregor of Glenorchy, but Glenorchy was the original clan seat of the MacGregors (Bain, The Clans and Tartans of Scotland, p. 180), and in the 1/93 return of Sine Guinne of Kilernan Laurel reaffirmed the precedent that `the use of a clan name ... with the seat of the clan ... [is] presumptuous [because] the only examples we've found of such usage are by clan chiefs and their immediate families'. She permits changes, so we have dropped the locative in order to register the rest of the name. (Rosalyn can be justified as a late form of Ro(s)celina, a hypothetical feminization of Ro(s)celin that follows a well-documented pattern.)

Rosina Weber. Name.

Sarra Bossard. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Sebastian of Rotherwood. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Siobhan Greenmeadow. Device. Vert semy of cinquefoils, a pale engrailed argent.

Siobhán ní Bhrighde. Name and device. Argent, a pawprint vert within an orle gules.

Sofia of Sternfeld. Name and device. Azure, a crescent between flaunches and on a chief argent five mullets azure.

Stacia of Dragonsmark. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per bend sinister azure and vert, five roses argent a bordure argent semy of roundels azure.

Submitted under the name Cáelainn Isles.

Steven of the Winged Hills. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Sable, on a plate between three mullets argent an eagle displayed and sinister facing sable.

The device was submitted under the name Gerard Andvari.

Taira Shirou Koresato. Name and device. Purpure, three moths in pall heads to center wings conjoined argent.

The name was submitted as Taira Shirov Koresato on the LoI, but the form has the correct Shirou `number four son'.

Tamara Silverheel. Name and device. Sable, an elephant statant between three palm trees argent.

Tamara is probably not a period name in England, but the byname is acceptable on the basis of the lingua anglica allowance; it is analogous to the attested Yrento 1209 `iron-toe' and Silvereghe 1414-15 `silver eye'.

Tangwystl de Curci. Name change from Tangwystl Failsworth.

Therica of Stonegate Manor. Badge. Argent, a step-cut gemstone palewise gules within an ivy vine in annulo vert.

Thomas de Brouwer van Brugge. Name.

Thomas Gryffyth. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Thomas the Green. Name only (see PENDING for device).

Dauzat derives some instances of the French surname Levert from a nickname le vert `the green; the vigorous'; a similar English usage cannot be excluded, though a topographical byname in the Grene would be much more characteristic of mediæval practice.

Thorbjorn Osiss Brandsson. Device. Argent, a wolf's head cabossed, on a chief embattled sable three cups argent.

Tibors de Narbona. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

The name was submitted as Tibors de Narbonne; according to her form, she would like it corrected to Provençal, so we have submitted the Provençal form of the locative.

Tofa Asgeirsdottir. Device. Argent ermined gules, a fox's mask azure and on a chief invected sable three spiders argent.

Torrey Hasentanzer. Device. Vert semy of carrots argent, a rabbit rampant Or.

William Rosycheek. Name and device. Azure, on each cheek of a mask of comedy argent a rose gules.

The name was submitted as William Rosy Cheek; following period practice, we have run the elements together. Note that this spelling is later than the time when such bynames were being formed; Rosycheke would be a mediæval spelling.

Wolf der Weisse. Name.

Wulfhere Nordwulf. Badge. Sable, a tricorporate wolf argent, a bordure compony azure and argent.

OUTLANDS

Aedhán Brecc. Device. Vair, a bordure Or semy of wolves statant sable.

Alexandra de Morteyn. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Bohémond de Nicée. Device. Vert, a German panther rampant Or maintaining a fleur-de-lis argent and in chief two serpents nowed respectant Or.

Cherie of the Outlands. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Gules, a Lacy knot and a chief triangular Or.

Very pretty armory!

Submitted under the name Carina Lunétta de Lacy.

Conchobhar Ò Loingseacháin. Device. Per bend sinister engrailed gules and argent, a cubit arm and a branch bendwise sinister counterchanged.

Corisande de la Vallée. Device change. Or, a heart gules and on a chief sable three wolf's heads erased Or.

Her currently registered device, Or a heart gules, on a mount sable a wolf's head erased Or, on a chief sable three wolf's heads erased Or, is released.

Dragonsspine, Barony of. Name change for the Order of the Pride of Dragonsspine from Order of the Dragon's Spawn.

Fekete Holló Noémi. Device. Per bend sinister argent and sable, a raven close counterchanged between four roundels two and two counterchanged azure and argent.

Finnian Tulloch Macleod. Device. Argent, a triskelion of legs gules, a gore sinister purpure.

Gabrielle Cartier. Name.

Hinterland, Shire of. Badge. Gules, a dragon dormant in annulo and a bordure rayonny Or.

Hrothger Monomakh. Name.

The name was submitted as Hrothgar Monomakh, but Hrothgar seems to be an Old English literary borrowing of East Norse *(H)rodhger, *(H)rothger; we have substituted the Old Danish version to match the Russianized Greek byname. (We haven't enough evidence to guess how Hrothger might have been Russianized, but this form is at least a possible transliteration into Roman letters of a reasonable Greek transliteration of the Old Danish name. [Pelican is paid to worry about such things. ]) The byname does not seem to be presumptuous. Deriving from Greek monomakhéô `to fight in single combat', monomákhos `fighting in single combat' appears to be a reasonable byname for a fighter. It was used by the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachus and by his grandson, the Kievan prince Vladimir II Monomakh, but it does not seem to have been hereditary or even used by anyone else in either line. Vladimir says in his Testament that he was given the baptismal name Vasili by his grandfather Yaroslav `but was commonly known by [his] Russian name Vladimir, and surnamed Monomakh by [his] beloved father and mother'; we suspect that this was to honor his other grandfather, Constantine.

Isabel la Biche d'Hiver. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Isabel le Charpentier de Normandie. Name and device. Per chevron azure and argent, two decrescents and a cross fleury counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Isabel le Charpentier du Normandy; we have corrected the spelling and grammar of the French locative. According to the LoI, she originally wanted the name Belle le Charpentier, but the Outlands CoH could not justify Belle; since Reaney & Wilson (p. xxxvii) cite Belle 1279, Belle le Charpentier would be fine.

Jeanne Dyfrgi. Name.

The name was submitted as Jeanne Dyfrigi; we have corrected the spelling of the byname to agree with the documentation.

Kristiane de Chancé. Name.

The name was submitted as Kristiane Chancé on the LoI with the note that the submitter had originally submitted Kristiane de Chancé; since Chancé is a French place-name, we have restored the preposition. The given name is much likelier to have been spelled C(h)ristiane in a French name.

Madigan of Kandahar. Name.

Madigan is her modern given name; as an Anglicization of the Irish name Madagán, it is compatible with the Afghani locative only by virtue of the Legal Name Allowance.

Moira O'Morchoe. Device. Or, a chevron sable between a tree eradicated proper and a catamount passant gules.

Rand the Tracker of Oak Hollow. Device. Per pall sable goutty d'eau, Or, and vert, a stag at gaze sable and a drawn bow nocked of an arrow Or.

Robard Matray. Name and device. Azure, a pall inverted argent between three lit candles Or.

Robyn de Rohan. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Serena Ravensworth. Device. Argent, a pale embattled between two ravens displayed facing sinister sable.

Shimshon Aryeh ben Avraham. Name.

Stefan le Courteys. Name and device. Lozengy Or and pean, on a chevron azure fimbriated a chess rook argent, a bordure gules.

Thorsteinn Vandringsmann. Name.

The name was submitted as Thorsteinn Vanderingsman; the byname is a typo for modern Norwegian for vandringsmann `wanderer'. It is of Low German, not Scandinavian, origin; for a wholly Old Norse name he might consider the attested inn vífrli `the far-travelled' or mjöksiglandi `much-sailing'.

Tuman Elnikov. Name and device. Per chevron throughout sable and Or, two towers Or and a demon genuant guardant vert maintaining a sword gules.

The name was submitted as Tumon Elniko on the LoI, but his form has the attested Tuman.

William of Chesterfield. Device. Argent, an oak leaf vert and on a chief embattled gules a label couped argent.

TRIMARIS

Æthelgar Regenwealdsune. Name and device. Argent, an tree eradicated proper, on a chief azure a seax reversed blade to chief argent.

Regenwealdessune, with the patronym in the genitive case, would be more characteristic of Old English practice.

Alana Megan Armstrong. Name.

The name was submitted as Alannah Megan Armstrong. According to Hanks & Hodges, Alannah is a respelling of Alana, which they say is a recent coinage. Dunkling & Gosling also say that Alannah is modern. The LoI appeals to Withycombe's discussion (p. xxxv) of the use of men's names for women in the 13th to 15th centuries to suggest that Alana might have been a documentary form for a woman named Alan, and on this basis we have registered the forename as Alana; the argument does not justify Alannah, however. Please inform her that it is very doubtful either that Alan was feminized to Alana in period or that the practice of forming such artificial Latinate feminine forms was still in use when double given names first appeared in England near the end of our period.

Albert Snowdon. Name.

Alicca Ros Ericsdottir. Name appeal.

The appeal asks that her registered name of Alicia Rose Ericsdoghtir be changed to the originally submitted Alicia Rose Ericsdottir but offers no justification for the requested change from Middle English Ericsdoghtir to Norse Ericsdottir. The double given name Alicia Rose marks the name as late-period and English, so a Norse patronymic is vanishingly improbable, especially since Norse naming practice does not seem to have included double given names. Middle English Ericsdoghtir is too early for the rest of the name, but at least it is more or less in the same language. We do not understand the request that we make the patronymic match her father's name, since it already does: his name is Eric, and the patronymic Ericsdoghtir says that the submitter is the daughter of Eric.

However, she allows small changes to the given names, and E.H. Lind, Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ok Fingerade Namn, Supplement, col. 19, notes a Scandinavian borrowing of a German Alicca, while rós is the normal Old Norse word for `rose'. `Rose' does not seem an unreasonable byname, so we have partly granted the appeal, registering the name as Alicca Ros Ericsdottir.

Bressal MacMillan. Device. Barry bendy azure and Or, a decrescent within a bordure argent.

Brynjulv Ericson. Name and device. Vert, a stag rampant contourny argent attired and unguled within a orle of Ormonde knots Or.

The available documentation better supports Brynjulf Ericsson, but since the modern Norwegian word for `wolf' is ulv, we suspect that the final v is an acceptable late-period variant, and there are rare examples showing loss of the genitive s in the patronymic.

Cathal Mac Tighearnain. Name.

Christopher Ian. Name.

Diarmait Caomhanach mac Alasdair. Name appeal.

His intent is to be a Caomhanach through his mother. We do not know whether Irish culture allowed him to belong to his mother's line while still using a patronymic, but we are giving him the benefit of the doubt.

Edward Griffin. Device. Azure, a pall inverted between three mullets of four points all within a bordure Or.

Giuseppe Francesco da Borgia. Device. Per saltire gules and sable, in pale two harps and in fess two chalices issuant from each a dagger inverted Or.

Kenneth Robyn Hawkewood. Device. Or, on a bend sinister bretessed vert a sea-lion palewise contourny maintaining a trident argent.

Kiara Rowland. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Maria Ellisif Ericsdottir. Name appeal.

Her name was registered 5/93 as Máría Ellisif Eiríksdóttir in response to a request on her form to make the grammar and spelling of the submitted name, Mairi Ellisif Ericsdottir, correct for `Norse'. `Norse' was evidently interpreted by Laurel as Old Norse, but Ericsdottir is an acceptable mediæval Norse form. There is no evidence for double given names in period Norse usage, but that feature is grandfathered to her. However, both in the original submission and in this appeal Mairi is a mis-reading of the name given by Geirr Bassi as Máría; no support of any kind has been provided for Mairi, and Pelican can find none. Since her form does not prohibit changes, we are granting as much of the appeal as possible.

Meredith ap Morgan. Name.

Milicent Telynor of Caerfyrddin. Name and device. Argent, a turtle vert and a gore lozengy couped in fess azure and argent.

The name was submitted as Milicent Telynor of Caerfyddin on the LoI, but her form had the correct spelling Caerfyrddin.

Philip von Remagen. Device. Argent, two bars embattled between in pale three swords fesswise sable.

Rosario Mairano. Name.

Stefan Grey of Kent. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Tamsyn Haukehyrst. Name.

Pelican has found the contracted form Tomsyn 1560-61, and Tamsyn is said to have been a popular Cornish name (Christopher Bice, Names for the Cornish).

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. [Fieldless] A triskele azure.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. [Fieldless] A triskele gules.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. [Fieldless] A triskele purpure.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. [Fieldless] A triskele sable.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. [Fieldless] A triskele vert.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Order name for Crowns Order of Gratitude only (see RETURNS for badge).

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Silver Shield of Trimaris. Argent, on a triskele azure an escutcheon argent.

Una of Blackberry Hollow. Badge. [Fieldless] On a triskele argent the letter U vert.

The submitter would like her currently registered badge, On a triskele argent a blackberry slip vert fructed proper, to be associated with her household name, House Blackberry Hollow.

WEST

Athelesia Morgan. Name change from Falan Cantus Venti of Duskhaven.

Athena Dalassena. Name change from Zahraa' al-'Amiriya.

Athena is her modern given name.

Aubrey Rainald. Device. Sable, a cross gules fimbriated Or overall a plate.

The roundel should be draw larger so that it is more truly "overall".

Beatrix zum Dunklenturm. Name and device. Per chevron engrailed Or and sable, two towers and a dragon dormant contourny within a bordure counterchanged.

The name was submitted as Beatrix von Dunklenturm with a request for grammatical corrections. The preposition von is used with actual place-names; other prepositions, most often zu, are used (with the definite article) in topographical locatives. Since dunkel does not seem to be used in major German place-names, and locatives in -turm are usually topographical in any case, we have substituted the more idiomatic zum for the submitted von. (Note that dunkel is quite improbable, but Beatrix zem Swarzenturne `Beatrice at the Black Tower' would an authentic 13th century High German form.)

Christiana Blackhurst. Device. Argent, three oak trees and on a chief sable three acorns argent.

Cynric of Mercia. Name and device. Per chevron vert and gules, a chevron argent between three winged lions sejant guardant Or.

Cynric Myrce `(the) Mercian' would seem to be a completely Old English version of the name.

Elswyth of Bery. Name and device. Argent, three holly leaves vert stems conjoined and issuant in base from six torteaux conjoined three, two and one.

Eric Alard. Device. Azure, on a bend argent between two mullets of four points pierced Or four rustres azure.

Eric Ibrahim Mozarabe. Name change from Eric of Huntington.

Eric is his modern given name, which he prefers to Eirico, a related form actually found in the same cultural milieu as the rest of the name.

Graé C'hlas, Canton of. Name.

The name was submitted as Kraé C'hlas, where c'hlas is the lenited form of glas required after a feminine noun. According to the submitters' documentation, however, kraé is a masculine noun in the Gwenedeg dialect of Breton. If this dialect, which according to Harpy differs greatly from the other three, follows the usual grammatical rules of Breton, the adjective will not lenite, and the name will be Kraé Glas. In the `standard' dialects (and as an alternative form in Gwenedeg) the noun is graé and is feminine, and the name becomes Graé C'hlas. We have chosen the latter form as representing the smaller visual change in the submitted name.

Gregor of Caer Darth. Device. Argent, four roundels in cross and on a chief sable three mullets of four points Or.

Gwydden Lawen. Device. Sable, a fret and a chief Or.

This had been pended from the May 1995 Laurel meeting for research and commentary regarding the arms of Baron Maltravers, the Duke of Norfolk and Marshal of England. See the accompanying Cover Letter for some discussion on an issue related to this submission.

Linnet Saunpite. Name change from holding name Lynette of Solus Mor.

Maxen Dawel ap Morgan. Badge. [Fieldless] A staple azure.

Melangell de Bretagne. Device. Per fess Or and argent, two catamounts rampant sable and a rose proper.

Sarah de Bourgogne. Name and device. Quarterly Or and sable, a fleur-de-lys within an orle of hawk's bells counterchanged.

Sara is a more usual period form.

Tanaquil de Lavernoy. Name.

The wife of the elder Tarquin is mentioned by both Livy and Pliny, so we cannot exclude the possibility of her name having been used during or after the Renaissance.

West, Kingdom of. Title for Baryl Pursuivant.

West, Kingdom of. Title for Dromond Pursuivant.

RETURNS

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN RETURNED FOR FURTHER WORK:

AN TIR

Iain Anndra of Loch Sithleann. Name change from holding name LeAnn of Wastekeep.

Iain, Anndra, and Loch Sithleann are all Gaelic; the last, phonetically Anglicized as Sheelin, clearly cannot be interpreted as an English spelling. There is no evidence for unmarked patronymics in Gaelic; the Gaelic form of the patronymic would be Mac Anndra. The unmarked patronymics Andro, Andree at (Black, p. 23) occur in English names. They are probably sufficient support for Anndra as an English spelling variant, so the Anglicized Ian (or better, Ean) Anndra of Loch Sheelin would be acceptable; so would the Gaelic Iain Mac Anndra Locha Sithleann. Unfortunately, the only changes that she allows are those involving the addition or removal of accents, so we must return the name.

The accompanying badge was registered under the holding name LeAnn of Wastekeep.

ATLANTIA

None!

EAST

Alaric Wolfgang von Mellenthin. Name.

Though the family apparently goes back to the 13th century, no one was able to document von Mellenthin as anything but a modern form or to find a plausible period source. Since he does not allow part of the name to be dropped, we must return it.

Alatheia Fenwick. Device. Vert, a sun in his splendor and on a chief argent a cloud sable.

Alisoun Fortescue of Maplehurst, Vert, a compass star of sixteen points, and on a chief argent three mullets of four points vert. There is a CD for the changes to the tertiary charges, but nothing for the difference between a multi-pointed mullet and a sun.

Cynnwr of Glyndwr. Device. Vert, a stag's head cabossed within a bordure indented argent.

Conflict with Aengus mac Coll, Vert, a stag's head cabossed argent, orbed and attired of flames proper, resting on its head a chalice Or. There is only one CD, for the addition of the bordure. The change of tincture of the attires is insufficient for the necessary second, and the chalice is no more prominent than any other maintained charge.

Karoline Rosenkruzeng. Name.

To quote from the 4/95 return of Karolyne Wanderer: `Caroline does not appear to be a period name. The poem from which it was documented here, quoted by Ensign, and accompanying glosses indicate that Caroline is "little Charles, one loyal to Charles" and "one loyal to Charles". It is apparent from the context and glosses that Caroline was not used as a personal name in this poem. And the November 1994 registration of Caroline was based on a faulty inference of French use from the establishment of a Fort Caroline in Florida in 1564 by French Huguenots. However, in French, carolin(e) is the adjective formed from the Latin Carolus (Charles); the fort was probably named in honor of Charles IX, who succeeded to the throne of France in 1560.'

The surname is also problematic. It was intended to be a place-name meaning `Rose Crossing', which would actually be Rosenkreuzung. No one has found evidence for kreuzung as a genuine toponymic element in German, though Kreuzweg `crossroads' appears in the surname Creuzwöger 1641 (Brechenmacher, II:113).

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Natalie of Carillion.

Kusunoki Yoshimoto. Device. Argent, a Japanese stream fesswise azure within and conjoined to a bordure sable.

The primary charge is not blazonable in standard heraldic terminology, as required by RfS VII.7.b. ("Any element used in Society armory must be describable in standard heraldic terms"). The closest anyone could come here was barrulets bevilled arrondy, and even that does not truly describe the nature of the charges or their partial conjoining.

Phoebe ui Tighearnaigh. Name.

Period practice does not seem to mix English and Gaelic spellings in the same name; this would be fine in the fully Anglicized form Phoebe O Tearney, but the submitter allows no changes whatsoever. Note that even if someone could discover a Gaelic form of Phoebe, the surname would need to be feminized to inghean uí Thíghearnaigh or more likely its abbreviation Ní Thíghearnaigh, both signifying `daughter of an Ó Tíghearnaigh'. (Also, X ui Y is never correct: is the genitive singular or nominative plural, while a simple patronymic will always use the nominative singular Ó or its older variant ua.)

Rowena Longstrider. Device. Purpure, a cooking pot within four baker's paddles fretted argent.

The paddles oriented in four different directions does not appear to be period style, and is extremely difficult to blazon accurately. "A similar design was returned in July 1993 `because the arrows are pointing in four different directions, the blazon required to describe it would be so complex as to clearly show the non-period style of the submission.' We have the same problem here." (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR November 1993, p. 15) Were the paddles in their expected orientations (the palewise ones paddle end to chief and the fesswise ones paddle end to dexter), this would probably be registrable.

Tiernan ni Cearnaigh. Name.

Tiernan is either a 20th century Irish spelling or and Anglicization of the man's name Tighearnán and requires a masculine form of the patronymic; Tighearnait is a hypothetical feminine version of the same name based on a well-documented Irish pattern. The name would be fine as Tighearnán Ó Cearnaigh or Tiernan O Carny, both masculine, or as the feminine Tighearnait ní Chearnaigh. We are unwilling either to make so great a change in the given name or to saddle her with a man's name, so we are returning the name to let her decide what is most important to her.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Vikki of Rusted Woodlands.

MERIDIES

Brighde Mary MacGregor. Name.

Brighde is the genitive case of Irish Brighid; the nominative case is required for a given name. Since the rest of the name is Anglicized, period practice requires that the first name be Anglicized as well. Any of Bridget(t), Bridgitt, Brigit, Briget(t), Brygett, Brygyt, Bryget, etc. would be fine; unfortunately, she forbids spelling and grammar corrections, so we must return the name. Please inform her that double given names were very rare even at the end of our period; her name would be more authentic without one of the forenames.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Mary of Meridies.

Domingo de Valencia. Device. Vert, on a lozenge argent a rabbit sejant erect contourny maintaining an axe bendwise sable, a bordure argent.

RfS XI.4 states that "such charges [inescutcheon or lozenge, or other geometric charges such as roundels, cartouches, etc.] may not be charged in such a way as to suggest independent arms. Such charges may not contain an ordinary that terminates at the edge, or more than one charge." The lozenge here has upon it two charges; the rabbit and the axe. The fact that one charge is maintained by another does not disqualify it from being considered a second charge. The fact that it is a maintained charge does mean that we tend to view the combination as a singe charge group, just as we view two axes in saltire as a single charge group. However, in both cases, there are two charges, and the letter of the Rule seems clear: no "more than one charge".

Ernest Cummings. Name.

The name was submitted as Ernest Cummings. Ernest did not reach England until the 18th century, and Cumming(s) appears to be a modern spelling of Comyn, Cumin, etc.; a period form of the name would be Ernis Cumyn. However, Ernest is found in Strasbourg in 1003 (Morlet, vol. I, p. 85), and the town of Comines (Flemish Komen) is in record as Commines 1086 and Cumines 1096 (ibid., vol. III, p. 67), so Ernest Cummines is an acceptable 11th century northeastern French name. Not knowing whether the Anglo-Scottish provenance or the sound and appearance are more important to him, we are unwilling to choose either alternative and are returning the name to let him make the choice.

Henry of Stone Hill Keep. Badge for Stone Hill Keep. Argent, on a pale gules an arrow inverted argent.

Conflict with Middle Kingdom, Argent, on a pale gules three pheons inverted Or. There is only one CD for the changes to the tertiaries.

In any resubmission, please ask him to draw the arrowhead and fletching more prominently.

Irina Francesca degli Schiavoni. Device. Per bend sinister urdy Or and gules.

Conflict with Eustace FitzJames, Bendy sinister embattled Or and gules. There is a CD for the number of panes of the field, but not for urdy vs. embattled.

Ladislaus de Brady. Name and device. Per fess wavy azure and barry wavy argent and azure, a demi-sealion conjoined to a demi-hulk of a ship argent.

In the absence of any evidence for Polish/English names, this combination seems a bit too improbable to register. He might consider Ladislaus de Praga, a Latinized form of Ladislav of Prague.

The device conflicts with Robert of the Isles, Counter-ermine, a demi-wolf erect conjoined in fess to the sinister half of a lymphad argent. There is a CD for the changes to the field, but conjoining the beasts to the demi-ships so reduces their identifiability that a visual comparison demonstrated their overwhelming similarity.

MIDDLE

Aduke Ayoka Opo. Name.

The 1/93 registration of Leona Serwa offers both a precedent for registering Yoruba names and some information on how they are formed; however, no documentation whatsoever was provided with the submission form, so we are unable to verify either the individual elements or the manner in which they are combined.

Ancelin Daverenge. Device. Azure, a Greek chimera rampant argent.

The primary charge is not a chimera of any defined type, having the body of a wingless dragon with the head of a goat and the head of a lion on either side of a dragon's head and neck. It is certainly not a "Greek" chimera, which has the body and head of a lion, a dragon's tail, and a goat's head grafted to the small of the back. As a consequence, both recognizability and reproducibility as required by RfS. VII.7.a. and b. suffer too much to allow us to register this.

Aranwen Ddryw ferch Rhodri. Device. Purpure, on a chevron argent between in chief an increscent, a crescent and a decrescent and in base a sun Or, a cat couchant guardant vert.

The right-at-the-rule-of-thumb-limit for complexity of RfS VIII.1.a. (with four tinctures and four different types of charges) combined with the added "busy-ness" of the crescents in different orientations makes this a visually overwhelming design. Were the crescents all in the same orientation, or were there either fewer tinctures or types of charges used, this would probably be registrable; but the combination here pushes it over the edge of acceptability.

Ardal of Stonegrave. Device. Vert, a pile Or between two wolves salient addorsed argent a bordure potenty of one trait vert and Or.

"A bordure compony where one tincture is identical to the field should not be permitted." (Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane, LoAR 27 September 1987, p. 8) We have a similar problem here, where the seriously compromises the identifiability of the bordure, making it appear that the edge of the shield is very oddly embattled. This falls afoul of RfS VIII.3, Armorial Identifiability.

Arianwen verch Morgan. Name and device. Argent, a chevron vert between two violets and a willow tree eradicated proper.

There were no name or device submission forms in the packet, so we must return the name and the device, though no one found any problem with either.

Arinwald Rotstein. Badge for House of the Golden Cock. Per chevron inverted azure and vert, on a chevron inverted Or another gules between a bezant charged with a sprig of three cherries gules and two cockerels addorsed tails crossed in saltire Or.

The overall effect of this badge is one of excessive complexity. It is right at the limits of the rule of thumb for complexity outlined in RfS VIII.1.a., with four tinctures and four different types of charges. Added to that is the unusual arrangement of having the birds' tails cross, and the unbalanced motif of having one of three secondaries charged with a tertiary. Like Palimpsest, Laurel is "not sure that any [one] of these count[s] as a full weirdness, but surely five semi-demi-hemi-weirdnesses are sufficient for a return."

Berhtolf Warinhar. Device. Azure, on a bend sinister argent three double-headed eagles palewise azure.

Conflict with Corwynn of Thornwood, Azure, on a bend sinister argent a thorned slip embowed throughout sable. There is only one CD for the changes to the tertiaries.

Bran of Lough Derg. Device. Paly Or and sable, a raven displayed and in base a crescent inverted gules.

There was no submission form included in the packet, so we must return it.

Brendan the Gentle. Device. Gules, three annulets interlaced argent.

As no forms were included in the submissions packet, this submission must be returned.

Brictiva de Chantal. Name.

Unfortunately we must return this delightful Anglo-French name because there was no name submission form in the packet.

Cáelainn Isles. Name.

The name was submitted as Cáelainn Isles on the LoI, but her form has Isle. The combination of Gaelic and English orthography runs counter to documented period practice. Cáelainn na Inse would be early Irish `Keelin of the Isle', of which Coelfinnia de Insula would be a period Latinization, and Keelin Isle would be a late-period Anglicized form; any of these would be acceptable, but each requires more than a minor change, so we are returning the name to let her choose.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Stacia of Dragonsmark.

Calum Mac Dhaibhidh. Device. Azure, a mermaid proper tailed Or holding in her dexter hand a hanging balance, in chief two mullets of seven points Or.

Conflict with Astridr Selr Leifsdottir, Azure, a melusine with hands clasped at her breast argent, crined and tailed, and in chief three estoiles of eight rays Or. There is a CD for changing the number of secondary charges, but the differences between eight pointed mullets and seven rayed estoiles was insufficient for the necessary second.

Carlo dalla Casa. Badge. [Fieldless] On a sun Or eclipsed quarterly vert and azure a fleur-de-lys Or.

The fleur-de-lys is a quaternary charge, disallowed by RfS VIII.1.c.ii. ("All charges should be placed either directly on the field or entirely on other charges that lie on the field"). The College has long treated eclipsing as the addition of a tertiary roundel, and not a form of voiding. Such treatment thus defines the fleur-de-lys as a charge which lies entirely upon a charge which lies entirely upon another charge, which is considered four layers.

Catherine Margaret Oakley of Rivendale. Device. Per pale vert and sable, a Catherine wheel and an oak leaf, a chief triangular argent.

There is no name registered under which we can register the device.

Catriona MacRath. Name and badge. Per pale gules and sable, four swords fretted as a delf argent.

The name conflicts with Catríona Macraith, registered 4/94.

The swords oriented in four different directions does not appear to be period style, and is extremely difficult to blazon accurately. "A similar design was returned in July 1993 `because the arrows are pointing in four different directions, the blazon required to describe it would be so complex as to clearly show the non-period style of the submission.' We have the same problem here." (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR November 1993, p. 15) Were the swords in their default orientations (the palewise ones points to chief and the fesswise ones points to dexter), this would probably be registrable.

David le Ymagour. Device. Per pale gules and vert, a dragon sejant argent.

Conflict with Karina of the Far West, Azure, a wivern statant argent. There is only one CD for the changes to the field. We do not grant a CD between dragons and wyverns, and a comparison of the two emblazons demonstrated their visually identical postures.

Emma de Winter. Name.

According to the available sources, the English surname Winter is either a patronymic or a nickname in origin, so the locative preposition de is inappropriate; since the submitter permits no changes, we must return the name.

Fiona Averylle of Maidenhead. Augmentation of arms. Quarterly, 1 and 4, Gules, an elephant passant trumpeting, on a chief raguly argent two annulets gules and for augmentation in center chief an inescutcheon sable charged with an annulet Or; as an augmentation, 2 and 3, Argent, a pale gules overall a dragon rampant maintaining a trumpet bendwise sinister vert.

This submission generated the greatest amount of commentary of any issue this month. Unfortunately, not a little of it was misdirected. Some of the commenters seemed to believe that both augmentations were being submitted at this time, when in fact the first one (in center chief an inescutcheon sable charged with an annulet Or) had been registered previously. There was also a fair amount of discussion as to whether we should allow augmentations to break more than one of our rules (e.g., the complexity limits of RfS VIII.1.a. and the layer limits of VIII.1.c.ii.), when in fact we have already registered augmentations which did so (see, e.g., Jan w Orzeldom and Jonathan DeLaufyson Macebearer). As for the violation of RfS XI.3. (the appearance of marshalling), that rule, like RfS XI.4. banning charged inescutcheons, is designed to prevent the appearance of unearned honors ("status or powers the submitter does not possess"). Such ban certainly should give us the opportunity, as with charged inescutcheons, to register them for earned honors. And there was certainly sufficient evidence presented that quartering arms is a period form of augmentations of arms.

We then have the question of registering two different augmentations to an individual. (Admiral Nelson's augmentations, and the way they make his arms nearly unidentifiable in the process, was mentioned a few times.) However, augmentations of arms, like other honors in the SCA, proceed from the Crown, and we have not previously required an account from the Crown as to why an honor was being given. We may among ourselves question the propriety of double augmentations, and indeed, if consulted in advance may advise contra concerning the wisdom of presenting two augmentations of arms to an individual, but such a grant of (second) augmentation is well within the prerogative of the Crown and not that of the College.

We come down, then, to two issues, each of which must be resolved in order to register this second augmentation. The first is that the augmentation conflicts with both the seal of the Dragon Principal Herald (it is a tinctured version of same, and therefore can be considered an exact conflict) and with the populace badge of the Middle Kingdom (Argent, a pale gules, overall a dragon passant vert) with only one CD for the posture of the overall charge. For the first conflict, there is an additional issue which will be discussed in the following paragraphs. For the second conflict, we need to receive a letter of permission to conflict signed by the Crown or the kingdom Seneschal. It has always been the policy of the College not to assume that permission is given even if explicitly stated in an LoI (which was not the case here), but to require a copy of a written letter of permission to conflict. (Apropos of this is the motto on the seal of the office of the Laurel Sovereign of Arms, Semper Litteris Mandate, "always require/get it in writing".)

The exact conflict with the seal of the office of the Dragon Principal Herald is more troublesome for a couple of reasons. One is that we have not previously allowed armory, even as an augmentation, to be an identical version of the armory of a group or office, whether or not a letter of permission to conflict existed. (See, e.g., the discussion of the proposed augmentation for Jan w Orzeldom, LoAR April 1992, p. 17: "There is also some question whether an individual or a group can grant the right to their undifferenced arms for use by someone else. The use of letters of permission to conflict (which is what Laurel considers the petition by the members of the Barony of Bjornsborg to be) in the College has always been to allow a reduced standard of difference, not to allow the use of arms undifferenced. It is Laurel's belief that the only way the use of arms registered to one party may be granted undifferenced to another is to transfer those arms, with the appropriate letters signed by both parties transferring the arms and accepting them.")

The second reason it is troublesome is that it was a period practice for the holders of an office to marshal the arms of the office with their personal arms. This does not appear to apply to former holders of the office, but only to incumbents. As a consequence, this augmentation appears to be a claim to be the current Dragon Principal Herald, which does then fall afoul of our rules against the claim to "status or powers the submitter does not possess" (RfS XI).

For three reasons, then, we are required to return this augmentation of arms: for lack of a letter of permission to conflict with the badge of the Middle Kingdom, Argent, a pale gules, overall a dragon passant vert; because it is an exact conflict with the seal of the Dragon Principal Herald, for which exact conflict permission cannot be granted; and because it marshals the arms of an office with personal arms when the submitter is not the officeholder, in violation of RfS XI.

Fiona Muirgen Ó Cardubháin. Name.

The multiple problems with this name require more than minor correction, so we are returning it with suggestions. Her form actually has the patronymic as Ó Ciardubháin, which is one of the standard spellings; but in a feminine Irish name it must be altered to the feminine ní Chiardubháin. The 19th century invention Fiona is essentially English; the Irish name is Fíona; since she uses accents in the patronymic, it should keep its accent as well. Muirgen is an early spelling; compatibility with the rest of the name requires that this element be Muirghein. (This isn't a matter of `temporal compatibility' in the commonly understood sense; it's more like using either Greek or Latin letters to write a name but not both.) Finally, the Irish apparently did not use double given names in our period. She could drop either of the given names: Fíona ní Chiardubháin and Muirghein ní Chiardubháin would both be acceptable. Alternatively, she could keep all three elements by making this a three-generation name: Fíona ní (or inghean) Mhuirgheine Uí Chiardubháin (or the early Irish version Fíne ingen Muirgene Uí Chiardubáin).

Geraint Graeme de Menteith. Device. Or, on a chevron inverted gules two pheons Or overall a sheaf of four arrows sable.

The arrows here are much too small and thin. Please ask him to draw them as big as they were in his first submission. (You might let him know that the prior non-SCA conflict is no longer a bar to registration, as it is not on the protected list of non-SCA armory.)

Gerard Andvari. Name.

Andvari was `documented' from Kolatch as the Old Norse form of Andrew, thereby providing further evidence of Kolatch's uselessness. According to Lind, Andvari is mythological, the name of a dwarf in the Sæmundar Edda hins fróa; we need evidence of its use by human beings. If he wants a Norse form of Andrew, he might consider Andres, Andreas, or Anders.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Steven of the Winged Hills.

Gwenhwyvar Nocturnal. Badge. [Fieldless] A horse rampant azure ermined Or.

No submissions forms were received in the Laurel packet. Thus, we are unable to register this badge.

Keja Tselebnika. Device. Azure, a owl displayed argent perched upon a wheel Or all within an annulet cloitesed argent.

"Cloitesed" is a term unknown to any of the member of the College who commented, nor is Laurel either familiar with or able to find it. It was suggested that the term is a misspelling of cottised, a term applied to bends and chevrons which have a second, smaller version of themselves on either side upon the field. However, the charge as drawn here is not an annulet with a narrower annulet paralleling either edge; it is two concentric annulets (or, as one commenter suggested, an "annulet gemel"); hence, it cannot be an annulet cottised (even should such term be correctly applicable here, which Laurel doubts). Lacking an adequate way to blazon it, the motif must be returned.

Kenneth die Katze. Device. Argent ermined gules, a domestic cat rampant sable armed with a sword Or between two gores sable.

Gores should issue from the corners of the chief; those here begin nearly halfway down the flanks. As a consequence, this is being returned for redrawing.

Kenneth die Katze. Badge. [Fieldless] A raven's sinister wing terminating in a talon sable.

There was a fair bit of consensus among the commenters that the emblazon was not adequately blazonable from the emblazon, nor were they able to create a blazon which would adequately reproduce the emblazon, as required by RfS VII.7.a. and b.

Leila Sa'ida bint al-Majnun. Name.

There are two problems with this name: Majnun is a masculine given name, so it should not have the definite article al prefixed, and no one has yet found a period Arabic example of a double given name. Either Leila bint Majnun or Sa'ida bint Majnun would be acceptable, but since she allows no changes, we must return the name.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Margaret of Nordskogen.

Madeleine de la Forest. Name

The name conflicts with Madelaine de la Forêt, registered 6/90.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Madelaine of Red Spears.

Maria Louise von Lübeck. Device. Azure, a lotus flower in profile proper.

Conflict with Charla Noel du Lac, Azure, a dexter gore Or and a lotus in profile argent (with only one CD, for the removal of the peripheral charge); with Arabella Cleophea Winterhalter, Purpure, ermined Or, a lotus blossom in profile argent (with only one CD for the changes to the field); with Alisoun Kirkcudbright of Heatherheath, Azure, in pale three bees, one and two, and a lotus blossom in profile, slipped and leaved, argent (with only one CD for removing the bees); and with Katja Dara, Per chevron vert and sable, a lotus flower in profile argent (with only one CD for the change to the field).

Middle, Kingdom of the. Name for Order of the Red Company.

The name is acceptable, but there was no name submission form in the packet.

Philip the Pilgrim. Household name and badge for Maison du Caudron. Per fess sable and argent, a two-handled tankard sustained by a pair of cubit arms fesswise and a cauldron counterchanged.

The household name conflicts with the Order of the Cauldron, registered 7/87 to the Barony of Septentria. The designators Order and Maison are `invisible', and English cauldron and Anglo-French caudron are not significantly different in either sound or appearance.

There is here a single charge group consisting of three different types of charges (tankard, cubits, and cauldron). As this is the definition of "slot machine heraldry", this submission falls afoul of the complexity limits of RfS VIII.1.a. ("three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group").

Sarra Bossard. Device. Argent, a coney couchant proper, on a chief vert three goblets Or.

Coneys do not appear to have a "widely understood default coloration", and indeed, in nature may come in brown, gray, white, or may change according to the seasons. As such, we may not register a coney "proper".

Sebastian of Rotherwood. Device. Per pale argent ermined azure and azure, a griffin segreant contourny Or.

Conflict with John ap Griffin, Vert, a griffin segreant to sinister Or, and with Iriel of Branoch, Sable, a hippogriff rampant to sinister Or. In each case there is a CD for the field.

Thomas Gryffyth. Device. Per pale vert and argent, a unicorn and a dragon combattant counterchanged.

This motif is considered marshaling, per RfS XI.3. "Such fields [quarterly and per pale] may be used with identical charges over the entire field, or with complex lines of partition or charges overall that were not used for marshalling in period heraldry." The device here has two different types of charge, one in each half of the field. The field does not have a complex line of division or a charge overall. As a consequence, this must be returned for the appearance of marshalled arms.

Tibors de Narbona. Device. Vert, a compass star and a chief argent.

Conflict with Alisoun Fortescue of Maplehurst, Vert, a compass star of sixteen points and on a chief argent three mullets of four points vert. There is a CD for the removal of the tertiaries, but the difference between the primary charges is insufficient for the necessary second.

Vidalen de Villena. Name.

Since there was no name submission form in the packet, the name must be returned. In addition no one was able to confirm the documentation for Vidalen or to document it independently as a given name.

William Ross. Device. Per pale wavy gules and Or, on a sun of eight rays azure a pheon inverted argent, a bordure counterchanged.

There is no record that this name has been submitted or registered. We are unable to register armory without a name submission accompanying or preceding it.

Yehudit Bat Rina. Device. Per chevron sable and gules, six pairs of stalks of wheat crossed in saltire three, two and one Or.

There is no record that this name has been submitted or registered. We are unable to register armory without at least a name submission accompanying or preceding it.

OUTLANDS

Isabel la Biche d'Hiver. Device. Vert, a pear bendwise Or transfixed by a kris argent hilted sable, a chief indented argent goutty de larmes inverted.

The hilt of kris not proper (Or) as blazoned in the LoI, but sable; as a consequence it is color on color and reduces the identifiability of the knife unacceptably. It also increases the "complexity count" to nine, with four types of charges (pear, knife, chief, and gouttes) and five tinctures (vert, Or, argent, sable, and blue). While we have sometimes permitted armory to exceed the rule of thumb complexity limits of RfS VIII.1.a., generally such armory has been much closer to classic heraldic style than here. (Inverted gouttes may, and perhaps should, be blazoned as icicles per Parker, p. 292.)

Kamitatsu Toshimoto. Name only (see PENDING for device).

Though Toshimoto is an attested period nanori (official given name), Kamitatsu is not an attested surname and does not seem to follow any of the period Japanese surname patterns discussed by Solveig Throndardottir in Name Construction in Mediæval Japan.

Michael die Zauberzunge von Essen. Device. Sable, a cross enhanced across the shield gules fimbriated and in dexter base a cobra coiled erect affronty Or.

To respond to one of the submitter's points in his appeal of the prior returns of this device: fimbriation of the cross is not a problem. The College has long allowed fimbriation of ordinaries, of which the cross (the standard "cross throughout", as here) is one.

The other issues, however, do not fall in the submitter's favor. The enhanced and off-center cross is not period style, nor would it be expected to shift this way in order to "make room" for the charge in dexter base (see, e.g., the arms of the City of London, Argent, a cross and in dexter chief a sword gules). (The submitter's argument that the cross here is "enhanced across the entire shield" is based on his misunderstanding of the word "entire"; crosses are "throughout" by default (that is, they are normally "extended to the edge[s] of the shield"). Hence the term "enhanced across the entire shield" does not describe this cross, which can be better blazoned as "enhanced to sinister chief".) Such a motif is inherently highly unbalanced, and no evidence was presented for its existence in period.

The one example presented for a cross enhanced and offset this way is modern: the arms of Pope John Paul II, designed for him by Archbishop Bruno B. Heim when he became Archbishop of Krakow and later modified by changing tinctures when he was invested as Pope. These are clearly modern arms, and cannot be used as evidence for period style usage.

The other arguments the client makes, that his persona is that of a German living in Poland and so he has taken Polish style arms, are not germaine to the underlying issues. As has been often said, we do not consider persona stories. (These arguments are historically flawed as well, in that the arms are not any known Polish style (even were the unusual cross to be found in period Polish heraldry, the cobra certainly is not), and given the historical relationship of the Germans and Poles, as a German he would have borne German-style armory, not Polish.)

In sum, the device is severely unbalanced, and similar motifs have been returned many times before. Lacking period support for such off-center crosses, we must return this device.

Robyn de Rohan. Device. Or, a compass-star vert, in chief a label dovetailed couped sable.

Though the submitter is the daughter of Rodema of Rohan, Or, a compass star vert, and may display Rodema's device with a label, but must have a letter of permission to conflict (there is only one CD for the addition of the label) to register it with the College.

TRIMARIS

Alexandra de Morteyn. Device. Ermine fretty vert, on a chief Or three pomegranates gules slipped and leaved vert seeded Or.

The gold chief on the ermine field is metal on metal. RfS VIII.2. notes that "Ermined furs or field treatments on a background of one of those tinctures [argent or Or] are treated as metals for contrast in the Society." The fact that the field has a charge on it (fretty) does not change its tincture or make it a neutral field.

Arinaga Yoshiakira. Name.

Both elements of the name are nanori, or `formal names'; unfortunately, a name consisting of two nanori and no surname does not appear to follow period Japanese practice.

Carina Lunétta de Lacy. Name.

There should be no accent on Lunetta; in the documentation it is merely a pronunciation guide, not part of the name. She permits minor changes, but unfortunately there was no name submission form in the packet, so we must return the name. Note that the French Lunette would better match the surname.

The accompanying device was registered under the holding name Cherie of the Outlands.

Catarina Ginevra Falconieri. Household name for Household di Illuminare.

Illuminare is an Italian verb meaning `to illuminate; to shed light on'; one who illuminates manuscripts seems to be a miniatore, literally `a painter of miniatures'. Casa or Famiglia degl'Illuminatori `House of those who illuminate' seems to be a legitimate construct, but no evidence was presented to show that it would have the desired meaning; Casa or Famiglia dei Miniatore would have the desired meaning but a completely different sound. Since she indicates that both the sound and the meaning are important to her, we are returning the name to let her choose (or find evidence that illuminatore was used in the desired sense).

Haakon Bjornsson. Household name for Belgrbildrhus.

The name, which was intended to mean `House of the Fur Axe' in Old Norse, has several problems. The individual words forming the compound are combined incorrectly and are wrong for the intended meaning. Belgr is the skin of a quadruped, taken off whole, as in kattbelgr `catskin'; such skins were used as bags, as in vínbelgr `wineskin', and various other uses have even less connection with `fur'. The word for `skin' in the sense of `fur' seems to be skinn, as in skinnavara `skin-ware, peltry, fur-ware', though the word can also refer to leather. In several compounds we find lo, e.g., loólpa `a large fur doublet', related to loinn `shaggy, thick'. Bíldr or bílda is `an axe; an instrument for bleeding'; the usual word for `axe' is öx. Hús is `house', connoting the building itself; seems to have more of the connotation of `household'. Loöxarbú seems to be a well-constructed compound meaning `Household of the Shaggy or Furry Axe'; however, opinion was almost unanimous that fur axe was not a reasonable household name in any language.

Kiara Rowland. Device. Azure, two hippocampi respectant Or within a orle of crescents argent.

Neither the commenters nor those attending the Laurel meeting were able to identify the primary charges a natural seahorses; the most common guess before reading the blazon was "dolphins". RfS VII.7.a. requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." We are having to return this for redrawing.

Stefan Grey of Kent. Device. Per chevron inverted azure and sable, a chevron inverted between a portcullis and three goblets argent.

Conflict with Danahild nic Choluim, Per chevron inverted azure and sable a chevron inverted between a dove volant and three harps argent, and with Amber Blackwood, Per chevron inverted azure and sable a chevron inverted between an arrow fesswise and three decrescents argent. In each case there is only one CD, for the change in type of all the secondary charges.

Thomas MacConnor of Ulster. Device. Quarterly gules and argent, a raven displayed maintaining in base a sword and a quill pen in saltire sable all within a bordure embattled counterchanged.

Conflict with Rurik of Mirkwood, Quarterly gules and argent, a falcon displayed sable. There is only one CD, for the addition of the bordure.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge. [Fieldless] A triskele Or.

Conflict with Goraidh Ailean n Gordonaich, Purpure, a triskelion pometty pallwise Or. There is only one CD, for fieldless vs. fielded.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge for Crown's Order of Gratitude. Per pale azure and vert, a triskele Or.

Conflict with Goraidh Ailean n Gordonaich, Purpure, a triskelion pometty pallwise Or. There is only one CD, for the changes to the field.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Emerald Sea. Barry wavy vert and argent, a triskele Or.

Conflict with Goraidh Ailean n Gordonaich, Purpure, a triskelion pometty pallwise Or. There is only one CD, for the changes to the field.

Trimaris, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of Trimarian Gratitude. Barry wavy argent and azure, a triskele Or.

Conflict with Goraidh Ailean n Gordonaich, Purpure, a triskelion pometty pallwise Or. There is only one CD, for the change to the field.

WEST

None!

PENDED

THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN PENDED UNTIL THE JANUARY 1996 LAUREL MEETING:

MIDDLE

Ariel of Dragonsmark. Device. Per bend sinister azure and purpure, a unicorn passant within an annulet argent.

Her name is on the July 1995 LoI; the device will be pended until the name is decided upon.

Thomas the Green. Device. Vert, a smith's hammer and on a chief argent a broad arrowhead between two loops of rope ends to chief crossed in saltire sable.

The tincture of the tertiary charges had been omitted on the LoI.

OUTLANDS

Kamitatsu Toshimoto. Device. Per pale gules and argent, a crab counterchanged and a bordure sable.

All of the tinctures of the device had been omitted from the LoI.