ÆTHELMEARC
Æthelmearc, Kingdom of. Order name White Lion, Order of the. 
Unfortunately, this conflicts with the White Lion Order, the most important award of the Czech Republic; the official translation of their statutes can be found at http://www.hrad.cz/en/czech-republic/state-decorations/the-czech-and-slovak-federal-republic/the-white-lion-order/statutes.shtml
We protect mundane items under all of their names in common use, though we do not go out of our way to invent translations. As the official website of the government describes this as The White Lion Order, this is clearly a name in common use.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 19, 2011.]
Angus Macdougal of the Debatable Lands. Name and device. Argent, three cogwheels sable. 
Barony-Marche of the Debatable Lands is the registered name of an SCA branch.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Constance Glyn Dwr. Device. Erminois, three ravens sable. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Edithe of the Debatable Lands. Name. 
Barony-Marche of the Debatable Lands is the registered name of an SCA branch.
The submitter requested authenticity for the 11th-13th century. While the given name is found in English at that time, the byname is derived from an SCA branch name. To be considered authentic for this period, it would have to be demonstrated that the branch name is appropriate for that time and place, As this was not done, we cannot meet her authenticity request.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Edithe of the Debatable Lands. Alternate name Eadgyth of the Debatable Lands. 
Barony-Marche of the Debatable Lands is the registered name of an SCA branch.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Edmund of Worcester. Name and device. Sable, a wyvern passant contourny, on a chief Or three sheaves of arrows sable fletched and bound gules. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Gerard de Rueil. Name. 
Nice 15th century French name!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Ingvarr melrakki. Name and device. Quarterly argent and gules, four fox's masks counterchanged. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 7 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Ráðúlfr Eiríksson. Name and device. Argent, on a bend cotised vert an Elder Futhark H rune Or. 
Please instruct the submitter to leave more space between the bend and the cotises.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 8 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Saint Swithin's Bog, Barony of. Badge. Sable, in pale a stalk of three cattails issuant from a foi Or, a ford proper. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 10 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Saint Swithin's Bog, Barony of. Badge for the Populace. Per pale azure and sable, a stalk of three cattails slipped and leaved Or. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 9 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Silva Vulcani, Shire of. Branch name and device. Argent, a double horned anvil sable and on a chief gules three laurel wreaths Or. 
Commenters and the submitters were able to identify classical placenames that used words derived from the name of the god Vulcan, specifically a Renaissance citation of Mons Vulcani and a classical citation of Vulcania Insula. The same is true of other gods, Lewis and Short cite Minervae Promontorium 'Minerva's promontory' and Arx Minervae 'Minerva's castle.' Green Staff was able to find a reference in Tacitus to the silvam Herculi sacram 'sacred forest of Hercules' (in an inflected form). Green Staff also provided other examples of Silva in Roman placenames:
There seem to be multiple Roman placenames using "silva" for the forests of Germany and Gaul. It looks like there are references to Silva Arduenna (as in the Ardennes) and Silva Hercynia in Caesar, and Silva Caesia in Tacitus. The Frankish sources, such as Gregory of Tours, mention Silva Carbonaria. These are all great big trackless forests, of course-- more than one shire's worth!
Together, these are sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt and register a classical placename meaning 'forest of Vulcan.'
It is not clear what sort of branch this group name belongs to: the Letter of Intent lists it as a Shire, but the website of the kingdom lists is as an incipient College. We do not want to pend the item in order to determine the type of branch, as that might delay the branch's advancement to regular status. This name can be registered for either type of branch. As the status of a branch is not determined by Laurel registration, we have not changed the designator; if this group is recognized by the Board of Directors as a College, it is a College.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 11 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Uilliam Mac an tSaoir. Name and device. Azure, a linden tree Or, on a chief embattled argent a wolf courant sable. 
The submitter requested assistance in creating a period Gaelic name; this is a correctly formed period Gaelic name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 12 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]
Úrsúla of Rouen. Name change from Katerina Alleye and device. Per chevron sable and azure, a chevron inverted Or between two dogwood blossoms argent seeded Or. 
Submitted as Úrsúla of Rouen, her name was changed at kingdom to Úrsúla de Rouen to make the byname wholly French. This change was unnecessary, as the lingua Anglica of Rouen is registerable. We have therefore restored it to the submitted form.
This name mixes an Old Norse given name and the lingua Anglica form of a French byname. This combination is a step from period practice. A fully French form would be Ursule de Rouen.
Her previous name, Katerina Alleye, is retained as an alternate name.
Pelican noted that the dogwood depicted here is a New World species Cornus florida, but that its native range includes the area of St. Augustine, Florida, which has been continuously occupied since 1565, and the area of the Roanoke settlement, in the 1580s. While it was first discovered in the South in 1773 by William Bartram, we can find no record of when it was known near Roanoke. We will give submitters the benefit of the doubt that the Europeans that settled in these locations knew of this species. There is, therefore, a step from period practice for the use of New World flora not found in period armory.
Please instruct the submitter that the per chevron line should rise higher on the field.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 13 on the Æthelmearc letter of January 27, 2011.]

AN TIR
Ætta surt. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Ætta surtr, Old Norse adjectival bynames like this one must agree with the given name in gender. In this case, the feminine form is surt. We have made that change in order to register the name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Ætta surt. Device. Quarterly argent and sable, in sinister canton three swords inverted in fess argent within a bordure vert. 
This device is returned for having the appearance of marshalling. The Rules for Submissions, section XI.3, say that "No section of the field may contain an ordinary that terminates at the edge of that section, or more than one charge unless those charges are part of a group over the whole field." The sinister chief quarter contains multiple charges. While they are all of the same type, they are not part of a group over the whole field.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 1 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Alys Wolfden. Badge. (Fieldless) On a rose vert barbed Or a wolf's head couped argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Ase Addæottir. Name and device. Purpure, a butterfly between in cross four spears issuant from the edge of the field points to center Or. 
Submitted as Ása Ásadottír, the submitter expressed interest in the name Ase Adasdottir. Something very close to that can be documented as a later Scandinavian name. The SMP (s.n. Ase) dates Ase to 1333 and (s.n. Adde) Addæson to 1358. So Ase Addædottir is a 14th century Swedish name.
While this name is registerable as submitted, the submitter indicated that she preferred the later form. We have thus made this change in order to meet the submitter's request.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Basilius Fuchs. Device. Per chevron throughout argent and sable, two cutlasses in chevron sable and a phoenix Or rising from flames proper. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Bryce of Tir Rígh. Holding name and device. Azure, an eagle and in base a crescent all within an orle Or. 
Submitted under the name Kallik Lyceas, that name was returned on the March 2011 LoAR.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 9 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Charles Rose. Name and device. Sable, a chevron inverted gules fimbriated and in chief a compass rose argent. 
Nice English name from the 13th to 16th century!
The Letter of Intent mentioned the journalist Charlie Rose. While he is a public figure, he is not important enough to protect.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Edmund Halliday. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Edmund Halliday. Device. Or semy of trefoil knots inverted azure, a crane close contourny sable within an orle vert. 
This device is returned for a redraw. The strewn charges are not recognizable heraldic charges. Trefoil knots would be interlaced and have rounded ends, as seen at http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Knot_trefoil_2.pdf. Triquetras inverted would be interlaced, as seen at http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Triquetra.pdf. It was suggested that we could blazon these as three leaves conjoined in pall Or fimbriated azure. However, strewn charges are only considered to be "in the center of the design" when the strewn charges are the primary charge group.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 6 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Jade Redstone. Name. 
Jade was documented as the submitter's legal middle name. Edelweiss was able to find evidence of its use as both a masculine and feminine name in grey period England. Similarly, Edelweiss was able to date Redstone to 16th century England.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 7 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Johanna Kopmansdotter. Name. 
Nice Norwegian name for around 1500!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 8 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Karach Ryndin. Name and device. Paly bendy azure and argent, on a bend sinister gules three crosses crosslet fitchy palewise argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 10 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Karin Georgsdotter. Device. Or, an eagle sable between three crescents gules, a bordure azure. 
Nice device!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 11 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Laurs surtr. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Lars surtr, the name as submitted has two steps from period practice. Lars first appears in the later 15th century in Denmark and Norway as a form of Lawrence. The byname surtr is Old Norse; later forms are spelled quite differently. Thus there is a step from period practice for the lingual mix of Old Norse and Norwegian and another for the temporal disparity between the elements (as surtr can't be dated to after the 11th century).
The spelling Laurs is dated to 1391 (in Lind s.n. Lafranz). That puts in close enough to the latest date for surtr that there is only the single step from period practice for the lingual mix. We have therefore made that change in order to register the name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 12 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Laurs surtr. Device. Quarterly argent and sable, in sinister canton three swords inverted in fess argent. 
This device is returned for having the appearance of marshalling. The Rules for Submissions, section XI.3, say that "No section of the field may contain an ordinary that terminates at the edge of that section, or more than one charge unless those charges are part of a group over the whole field." The sinister chief quarter contains multiple charges. While they are all of the same type, they are not part of a group over the whole field.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 12 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Laurs surtr and Ætta surt. Badge. (Fieldless) A sun per bend sinister argent and sable eclipsed counterchanged. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 13 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Máel Brigte ingen Aimirgin. Name and device. Argent, a brazier gules. 
Appearing on the Letter of Intent as Máel Brigte inghean Aimhirgin, the byname needs to be completely Middle Gaelic, to match the time in which the patronym was used. That form is ingen Aimirgin. We have made that change in order to register the name.
There is a CD between a brazier and a beacon, so this device is clear of the seal of Beacon Principal Herald, (Tinctureless) A beacon enflamed, with the second CD being for comparing tinctureless and tinctured armory.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 14 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Norman of Eoforwic. Device. Argent, a pomme within an orle vert. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 15 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Oliva Magdalena. Name and device. Purpure, on a bend gules fimbriated between two phoenixes a spoon Or. 
Submitted as Oliva Magdalena de Haro, the submitter asked to drop the locative if there were evidence of unmarked matronymic bynames in Italian. There are family names that take that form, so we have dropped the locative element.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 16 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Rhieinwylydd verch Einion Llanaelhaearn and Galeran Chanterel. Release of badge. Per bend indented argent and sable, a fleur-de-lys azure and a lion's head cabossed argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 17 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Robert of Wolford. Device. Sable, a wolf rampant to sinister ermine maintaining in the sinister paw a bow bendwise and in the dexter a sheaf of arrows inverted argent. 
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Dorcas Dorcadas, Sable, a three-headed hound rampant contourny, one head reguardant, argent. There is no CD granted for the number of heads by precedent: "...the change from one head to three heads is not sufficient for another CD." [Rodrigo Hernandez de Toledo, December 1997, R-Atlantia] There is only a single CD for the change of tincture of the primary charge from argent to ermine.
Please instruct the submitter that, in order to avoid confusion with heraldic lions and tygers, that the wolf should be drawn with its ears more erect and with less appearance of having a lion's mane. The illustration in Parker (http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/Jpglossw.htm#Wolf) shows a smooth neck, more typical of heraldic wolves.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 18 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Triduana Traherne. Name and device. Per pale gules and Or, in pale three lions couchant contourny sable, the middle one gorged of a coronet argent. 
Appearing on the Letter of Intent as Triduana Treherne, the name was submitted as Duana Traherne. Commenters were able to find the byname Traherne as a late period English form. We have therefore restored the byname to the submitted form.
Triduana is a saint's name. The submitter may want to know that Duena is found as a given name in 14th century Navarre; the combination of that name with Traherne would be a step from period practice.
Please instruct the submitter that there should be more internal detailing on the lions, so they are more easily identifiable.
The submitter is a viscountess, and thus entitled to the use of a coronet.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 19 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Tryggr Tyresson. Name (see RETURNS for device and badge). 
Submitted as Tryggr Tyrsson, the submission Tryggr Tyrson was returned in August 2009 because Tyr could not be documented as a human name.
While the submitter was able to demonstrate that Tyrsson is a modern surname, no one was able to find evidence that it was used in period. The data that commenters could find suggests that the period form is more likely to be Tyresson, which is given as the (possibly modernized) spelling found in 1615, for example in Svenska ättartal. However, this is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that Tyresson is a grey period spelling.
Commenters pointed to a "medieval" ballad about Pers Tyrsson. Unfortunately, this is a misnomer. The "medieval Swedish ballads" were actually collected in the early 19th century. While it is possible that this ballad may date to before 1600, a period text would need to be found and the appropriate spelling of the name ascertained.
While the submitter allows only minor changes, he documented the name as Swedish, and this form is Swedish as well. Thus, we have changed the byname to the dated form in order to register it.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 20 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Tryggr Tyresson. Device. Gyronny of eight gules, argent, sable, argent, gules, argent, sable, argent. 
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Wulfgar Neumann, Gyronny sable and argent, a bordure counterchanged. There is a CD for the removal of the bordure, but not a CD for changing the tincture of only 1/4 of the field.
The device is also a conflict with the device of Cerdic Weyfare, Gyronny arrondy of six gules and argent. Precedent says:
[Returning Gyronny arrondy of six azure and argent] Conflict with Cerdic Weyfare, Gyronny arrondy of six gules and argent, and Ottar Hrafnsson, Gyronny arrondy Or and azure. There is no difference between gyronny of eight and gyronny of six, and since both devices share a tincture with Hallr's, there is only one CD for changing the tincture of the field. [Dofinn-Hallr Morrisson, February 2003, R-East]
There are no differences granted between the devices. Changing the tincture of one quarter of the field is insufficient, even for field-only devices, and we do not grant a CD for the difference between gyronny and gyronny arrondi.
This device is also in conflict with the device of Campbell, the Duke of Argyll, Gyronny Or and sable. There is not a CD for swapping the tinctures of a field which is divided into more than four parts. There is only a CD for the change of tincture of three-quarters of the field.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 20 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Tryggr Tyresson. Badge. (Fieldless) In pale a double tiwaz rune conjoined to a sail-less drakkar sable. 
This device is returned for visual conflict under section X.5 of the Rules for Submissions with the device of Aran of Old, Earl of Argent, a lymphad sable. Several commenters and all of those at the meeting felt that the double Tyr rune was insufficiently different from the sail in the Earl's armory.
On resubmission, the submitter should provide evidence for the use of abstract symbols conjoined to and replacing important parts of other charges in period armory. While we are not aware of any evidence for the use of such a motif, we will not rule on that question at this time.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 21 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]
Ysabella Morena. Name and device. Argent, a bear passant azure between three dragonflies vert. 
This name mixes an Italian given name with a Spanish byname, which is a step from period practice. The completely Spanish form would be Ysabel Morena.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 22 on the An Tir letter of January 31, 2011.]

ANSTEORRA
Adela von dem Berg. Device. Or, on a pale sable a decrescent Or, a bordure gules. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Adelaide Dewy. Name. 
Submitted as Adelaide Dewy, the name was changed at kingdom to Adelaida Dewy to match the documented forms they could find. Aryanhwy merch Catmael was able to document the submitted form of the given name to 12th century England. Therefore we have changed it back to the submitted form.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Æsileif Geirfinnsdóttir. Device. Argent, a dragon purpure charged on the shoulder with a rose argent, all within a bordure purpure. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Alise Blackesdotther. Name and device. Argent, an alligator statant vert and a bordure purpure. 
There is a step from period practice for the use of an alligator, which is native to the New World. Fortunately, it was known to period Europeans: the first citation of the word in English is 1568.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Ansteorra, Kingdom of. Order name Award of the Golden Star of Ansteorra. 
This does not conflict with the East Kingdom's registered Gold Stag Pursuivant, as Stag and Star are significantly different in sound and appearance. As was ruled on the February 2011 Letter of Acceptances and Returns, the change of 25% of the letters of a word makes it significantly different in appearance. Such a change may not be enough to make them significantly different in sound. However, in this case, the vowel and final consonant are different in the two words (while both vowel sounds are written with an a, they are not the same sound, the a in 'stag' is like the a in 'cat,' while the a in 'star' is like the a in 'father'). This is enough to make them significantly different in sound as well.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Elena Miklósne. Name. 
Commentary made it clear that -ne is only found in Hungarian constructions with the entire name of Elena's husband, as in the "1584 Margit Sos Mathene (Erdélyi Magyar Szótörténeti Tár vol. II s.v. dolmány p. 448), which is 'Margaret Mrs. Matthew Salt'" (cited in commentary by Kolosvari Arpadne Julia) or in the case cited in the Letter of Intent "dated 1584 (p. 268, s.n. álom) of 'Eotweos Peterne Anna', which means 'Anna, wife of Peter Eotweos'."
After consultation, the submitter requested the addition of the ethnic byname Zekel, found as a typical pre-1600 form of the modern Székely in "Ethnic Bynames in Hungarian before 1600" by Kolosvari Arpadne Julia (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/julia/EthnicBynames.html).
This is pended to allow commentary on several points, including the appropriateness of this byname and any additional conflicts or problems caused by its addition. In addition, we would appreciate commentary on the issue raised by commenters about lingual mixes: can we allow a Latinized Hungarian given name to be registered with a vernacular Hungarian byname? We note that one example cited above has the order with the given name first, though the name appears to be completely vernacular.
Her device has been registered under the holding name Elena of Northkeep.
[PENDED April 2011. This was item 6 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Elena of Northkeep. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Per chevron Or and gules, two fraises and a bee counterchanged. 
Submitted under the name Elena Miklósne.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Erich Johann Alberichensohn. Name change from Malcolm de Crauford. 
Appearing on the Letter of Intent as Erich Johann Alberichensohn, the forms reveal that it was submitted as Erich Johann von Alberichssohn. We remind kingdoms that changes from the submitted form must be summarized, even if the submitter approves the change.
This is pended so that the change can be explained and so that commenters can comment on the plausibility of the submitted form, in particular the changes made to the father's name.
Commenters quoted precedent saying that there was no evidence of double given names in German in the 14th century. Aryanhwy verch Catmael presented evidence of double given names in German as early as the 13th century. Therefore, this precedent is overturned.
[PENDED April 2011. This was item 7 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Gavin Rede. Name. 
The submitter requested authenticity for "Scotland/Scottish-Celtic" culture. This is a lovely late-period Scots name, but is not Gaelic in origin.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 8 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Gwen verch Cynwrig de Insula Mona. Name change from holding name Gwen of Elfsea. 
Cynwrig is documented as a modern form of a name documented to 1292-3 as Kenuric and Kenneric. In this case, the name remained in use until the end of our period and beyond, according to Morgan and Morgan, s.n. Cynwrig. While the most typical forms found before 1600 start with K-, the modern form is plausible as a rare c. 1600 spelling, as examples with all the modern features can be found at that time.
The element Insula Mona is documented as a placename. We are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering it as a byname, although no evidence was provided of de Insula X in a byname, instead of just de Insula or de X.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 9 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Isabella Maria della Rosa. Device. Azure, a pair of flaunches Or each charged with an iris azure slipped and leaved vert. 
This device is clear of the device of Susan Odell, Azure, ermined, two flaunches Or, each charged with a quatrefoil azure. There is a CD for the change of tincture of the field and a CD for the change of type and tincture of the tertiary charges. By precedent, irises take their tincture from their slips and leaves, not from the blossoms:
[Returning {field} three iris blossoms sable, slipped and leaved vert, conjoined at the bases.] Conflict with ... {Fieldless} Three irises in fess argent slipped, conjoined and leaved vert. There is a CD for fielded versus fieldless but nothing for the change to the tincture of the blossoms only. [Cassandra Palfrey, November 1993, R-Ansteorra]
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 10 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Jayme Dominguez del Valle. Device change. Per pale indented argent and azure. 
This device is clear of the device of Starulf Haraldsson of Ravenspur, Per pale indented, the points ending in mullets, purpure and argent. Precedent says:
[Per fess indented...] This device is clear of the badge..., Per fess indented crusilly.... There is a CD for changing the tincture of half the field, and another under X.4.a.ii.c for the difference between per fess indented and per fess indented crusilly. Precedent says:
[Per pale indented, the points ending in mullets, vs. per pale indented ] "There is... [a CVD] for modifying the line of division with the mullets." [see related ruling LoAR 2/91 p.16]. (10/91 p.3).
The only difference in the fields in the precedent are the mullets at the end of the indents. That is the case here with the crosses. [Hugh Tauerner, A-East, LoAR 2/2009]
Nice device!
His previous device, Vert, two rapiers inverted in saltire argent and in chief a horseshoe inverted, a bordure wavy Or, is retained as a badge.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 11 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Lemoine de Gascony. Badge. Per saltire ermine and erminois, on a pomme an artist's brush argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 12 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Montega Black Dragon. Device. Or, a bend sinister sable between a heart and a four-leaf clover slipped vert. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 13 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Rebekkah de Corvis. Name. 
Submitted as Rebekkah de Corvis, the name was changed at kingdom to Rebeca de Corvis to match the documentation they could find. Noir Licorne was able to find Rebekkah as a grey period English feminine name (from 1635). Therefore we have restored it to the submitted form.
This name has a step from period practice, for mixing English and Italian. The submitter may want to know that the wholly Italian form would be Rebecca de Corvis.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 14 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Sewallus Siward de Shirley. Name and device. Per fess paly Or and azure and sable, in base three pawprints argent. 
The use of pawprints is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 15 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Vyolante Drago do Porto. Name and device. Purpure chaussé, a sea dragon erect and a chief triangular argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 16 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Wihtric Wihtmunding. Name and device. Gules, two pallets azure fimbriated argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 17 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]
Yves l'espicier. Name. 
Nice 13th century French name!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 18 on the Ansteorra letter of January 28, 2011.]

ARTEMISIA
Jennet Moir de Brechin. Device. Per pall Or, vert, and azure, a dragonfly argent. 
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Mairghread Maire Draigdaimhalachd, Per saltire azure and vert, a dragonfly tergiant displayed argent, orbed Or. There is a single CD for the change of tincture of the field.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Artemisia letter of January 31, 2011.]
Malcolm MacNeill. Device. Or, a fox rampant gules, a bordure sable semy of musical notes Or. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Artemisia letter of January 31, 2011.]
Meg O'Neill. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
This name does not conflict with the registered Margaret McNeill. As Meg is a diminutive of Margaret, there is no difference given between them. However, the bynames are significantly different, as Mac and O are different relationships (as well as being different in sound and appearance).
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Artemisia letter of January 31, 2011.]
Meg O'Neill. Device. Per pale sable and argent, a cauldron counterchanged. 
This device is returned because commenters were nearly unanimous in being unable to identify the type of the charge as drawn. This is a violation of section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which says that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance."
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Artemisia letter of January 31, 2011.]
Raina Lavrent'evna doch'. Name. 
Submitted as Raina Lavrentiiovna Doch', the byname has some construction issues. First, the patronymic is incorrectly formed. The correct patronymic derived from Lavrentii is Lavrent'evna or Lavrent'eva; the latter is more common, but the former is closer to the submitted name. Additionally, doch' is not normally capitalized. We have made these changes in order to register the name.
With those changes, the name is registerable. However, the submitter may want to know that doch' does not mean 'wife,' as the documentation says, but 'daughter.' The Russian word for wife is zhena; the construction meaning 'the wife of Lavrentii' would be Lavrent'eva zhena (as we have no documentation of the -evna form used with these marital bynames).
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Artemisia letter of January 31, 2011.]
Willliam Castell. Name. 
This conflicts with the registered William Castille. In January 2008, Castle Herald was ruled to conflict with the important non-SCA placename Castile. Thus, neither the given names nor the bynames are significantly different in sound or appearance.
This does not conflict with the registered William Castellan. The addition of a syllable and the change of the sound of the central consonant cluster (from \st\ to \s\) is enough to make them significantly different in sound, while the increase in length by 50% is enough to make them significantly different in appearance.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Artemisia letter of January 31, 2011.]

ATENVELDT
Arianna Hunter. Name and device. Argent, a griffin rampant vert, on a bordure sable eight mullets of four points argent. 
In June 2010, Laurel ruled:
Arianna is found as a literary name in Il Petrarcha in 1574. Its use as the name of an important character who is a normal human being makes it eligible for the literary name allowance. Therefore, Arianna is registerable as an Italian given name.
Edelweiss was able to find Ariana (with a single n) as an English feminine given name in 1598. However, as the submitter did not request authenticity, we are not changing the name to be fully English.
This name mixes an Italian given name with an English byname, which is a step from period practice.
There is not a step from period practice for the use of a mullet of four points. Please see the Cover Letter for more discussion on this issue.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Atenveldt letter of January 20, 2011.]
Catalana di Michele Romana. Name and device. Azure, a phoenix and in base four roses in cross argent. 
Submitted as Catalana di Michel della Romana, the bynames as submitted have several issues.
The byname di Michel mixes Italian and French in a single name phrase, which we do not allow. The fully Italian form is di Michele, which the submitter indicated she preferred to a fully French form. We have made that change in order to register it.
The byname della Romana is not properly constructed, as Romana is an adjective meaning 'Roman,' and would have been used with no preposition or article. The submitter indicated that she preferred the sound Romana and wanted to retain it as the final byname. Romana can be understood as a adjectival byname meaning 'the Roman woman.' It is not found as a byname in the sources we could locate. However, the word appears commonly in 16th century Florence, for example as the Porta Romana, the gate facing toward Rome (from the Medici Archive). Aryanhwy merch Catmael was able to find the masculine form, Romano, as a byname in Florentine merchants in the age of the Medici; letters and documents from the Selfridge collection of Medici manuscripts, edited by Gertrude Randolph Bramlette Richards. We have changed the name to the plausibly constructed feminine form, Romana, in order to register the name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Atenveldt letter of January 20, 2011.]
Eileen of the March. Reblazon of device. Vert, a bend sinister wavy between a hare rampant to sinister and three tufts of cattails argent. 
Blazoned when registered, in November 1986, as Vert, a bend wavy between a hare rampant to sinister and three tufts of cattails, all argent, the armory actually has a bend sinister.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. Added by Wreath]
Seki Tora. Name. 
The submitter requested authenticity for Japanese; both elements are found in 16th century Japan.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Atenveldt letter of January 20, 2011.]
Þórdís sjóna. Name and device. Argent, in pale a mullet of nine points and a Thor's hammer azure. 
The byname sjóna "seeress" was used to describe normal people, and is not an unregisterable claim to superhuman powers; it was registered as recently as 2008.
That precedent says:
The byname means "seeress". Per past precedent, this is not presumptuous:
"Fáid means seer or prophet. Some doubts were raised in commentary about the appropriateness of such a byname. However, The Dictionary of the Irish Language glosses it in the same fashion as Druid. Since we would register [Name] the Druid, [Name] the seer or prophet is also acceptable." (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1997, p. 1) [Acceptances, Muirgheal inghean Shitheach, August 2008]
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Atenveldt letter of January 20, 2011.]
Zach Many Arrows. Name and device. Argent, in fess six arrows inverted proper fletched sable. 
Submitted as Zach of Many Arrows, the name was justified as an inn-sign name. However, no evidence was found that inn-sign names used words like Many. Instead, we can justify this as two late period family names, as both Many and Arrows are found in the sixteenth century. A Middle English byname Manyarrow is also justifiable, but the former is closer to the submission. We have made that change in order to register the name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Atenveldt letter of January 20, 2011.]

ATLANTIA
Brynna of Aelfstanbury. Reblazon of device. (Fieldless) In pale a raven displayed sable sustaining a sword fesswise Or. 
Blazoned when registered, in September 1991, as (Fieldless) A raven, displayed sable perched upon a sword fesswise reversed Or, we are clarifying the relative sizes of the charges.
[ACCEPTED April 2011 (from one Atlantia letter of )]

CALONTIR
Calontir, Kingdom of. Heraldic title Purple Cat Herald. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Calontir letter of January 21, 2011.]
Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge (see RETURNS for other badges). (Fieldless) In pale a falcon rising sustaining a harp Or. 
This badge is clear of the badge of Robert Spenser of Bristol, Fieldless) In pale an eagle rising contourny wings displayed sustaining a harp Or, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for fieldless armory and a CD for changing the posture of the bird.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Calontir letter of January 21, 2011.]
Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge. Sable, on a pile embattled between in pile two broken snaffle-bits argent, a cross of Calatrava purpure. 
This badge is returned for violation of section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." The charge blazoned on the Letter of Intent as a Cross of Calatrava is not. Several people questioned the depiction, and many at the Wreath meeting thought that it was a 'flower chased'. While the kingdom may have been using this depiction of this cross for many years, an actual cross of Calatrava does not have the arms intersecting anywhere except at the center: the arms come straight out, split, each piece heads back towards the center, but the arms do not touch anywhere after the split. A reasonable rendition can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cross_Calatrava.svg
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Calontir letter of January 21, 2011.]
Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge. Per chevron embattled sable and argent, two chamfrons argent and a cross of Calatrava purpure. 
This badge is returned for violation of section VII.7.a of the Rules for Submissions, which requires that "Elements must be recognizable solely from their appearance." The charge blazoned on the Letter of Intent as a Cross of Calatrava is not. Several people questioned the depiction, and many at the Wreath meeting thought that it was a 'flower chased'. While the kingdom may have been using this depiction of this cross for many years, an actual cross of Calatrava does not have the arms intersecting anywhere except at the center: the arms come straight out, split, each piece heads back towards the center, but the arms do not touch anywhere after the split. A reasonable rendition can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cross_Calatrava.svg
Please instruct the submitter to draw the chamfrons larger, to better fill the available space.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Calontir letter of January 21, 2011.]

DRACHENWALD
Hedwig Bosdotter. Device. Per pale azure and argent, three acorns counterchanged. 
Nice device!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Drachenwald letter of January 28, 2011.]
Logan Ragnarsson. Device. Pean, a sea-lion and a bordure argent. 
Nice device!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Drachenwald letter of January 28, 2011.]

EALDORMERE
Alienor la fileuse. Name and device. Per chevron embattled purpure and Or, two suns in splendor and a drop spindle counterchanged. 
Submitted as Alienor la fileresse, the submitter indicated that she preferred fileuse if possible. Noir Licorne was able to date that form to 1622, in the book Admirable vertu des saincts exorcismes sur les princes d'enfer possédant; in it we find "Saincte Elizabeth de Hongrie la fileuse de laine" (the wool-spinner). This is sufficient to allow the registration of this name in her preferred form.
This device is clear of the device of Xenia Dimitrievna Morózova, Per chevron throughout purpure and Or, three compass stars counterchanged. There is a CD for the change of type of the line of division of the field, from plain to embattled, and a CD for the change of type of the bottom charge in a two-and-one arrangement. Suns and compass stars are not considered different for purposes of conflict.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Brendan Hunterston. Name and device. Per chevron azure and Or, three pheons inverted in chevron Or and a compass star gules. 
Edelweiss was able to demonstrate that Brendan and Brendon were used as masculine names in England in the 1580s. Therefore, we do not have to resort to the saint's name allowance in order to register the name.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a compass star.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Dagmar Halfdan. Name reconsideration from Dagmær Hálfdanardóttir and device. Argent, a raven volant to sinister chief maintaining an axe sable, a base wavy barry wavy gules and argent. 
Submitted as Dagmar Halvdan, this is a request for reconsideration of the name which appeared on the November 2009 Letter of Acceptances and Returns as Dagmær Hálfdanardóttir and was submitted as Dagmar Halvdan
Dagmar is the typical modern form of a name which appears as Daghmar (in Latinized context), Dagmer, and Dagmey (from Lind). The name Dagmær is the standardized Old Norse form of the name. The DGP reports that it appears in the spelling Dagmar in the Annales Danici Medii Ævi, edited by Ellen Jørgensen. Given these documentary forms, Dagmar can be registered.
Commenters could not find evidence that Halvdan was a period byname; the submitter did not provide a source for the spelling Halvdan. Halfdan can be found as a Middle English name in the Domesday Book (for example in David Roffe's Domesday: the Inquest and the Book, p. 26). An unmarked patronymic byname can be constructed from it; we have changed the name to Halfdan in order to register it.
This name combines Old Danish and Middle English; this combination is a step from period practice.
This is a properly formed request for reconsideration. See the Cover Letter for more details.
Please instruct the submitter to draw the waves more prominently, with deeper peaks and troughs.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Ewander Maclachlan. Device. Gules, on a dance sable fimbriated a three-towered castle between two unicorns combattant argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Fíne Shinnach. Name and device. Per chevron purpure and sable, two pairs of axes in saltire and a fox's mask argent. 
Submitted as Fíne Shinnach of Coillnalag, no evidence was presented nor could any be found that the town existed before 1600. Therefore, we dropped that element in order to register the name. The submitter asked that her name be made authentic for the 11th century; unfortunately we have no evidence that the given name was in use after the 9th century.
Please instruct the submitter to draw the axes larger, as befits their status as co-primary charges.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Fulk de Toron. Name. 
The submitter requested authenticity for "12th to 13th C Crusader States." Fulk is dated as a byname to 1177 in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Folk), and Toron in that spelling is found in a roughly contemporary account of events in 1192. Therefore, this name meets that request.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Lucia de Enzinas. Name and device. Azure, an escallop and on a chief argent three cinquefoils azure. 
Documented as a mix of Italian and Spanish, commenters were also able to document the name as a completely 16th century Spanish name.
Nice device!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 7 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Pompeia Karîna. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
This name mixes Latin and Greek, which use different schemes for writing the same sounds; a single name would normally be written following either the Latin or the Greek standards. As with other orthographic mixes, the combination is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 8 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Pompeia Karîna. Device. Per saltire argent and purpure, a chief and a base purpure and overall three arrows in pile conjoined in base counterchanged. 
The device is returned for multiple style issues, each of which is independently cause for return.
First, precedent disallows a design with a chief and a base:
Blazoned on the LoI as Argent, a mullet of two interlocking mascles, a chief and a base vert, the use of a chief and a base together is unacceptably poor design... For all these reasons, then - the lack of period support for the motif; the tendency to misemblazon the "fess" too wide, or the "chief" and "base" too narrow; and most of all, the blurring of the distinction between this motif and a charged fess, against the heraldic precepts found in RfS VIII.3 - we affirm that the use of a chief and a base together is, in general, non-period heraldic style, and grounds for return. [Cynwrig de Montain, November 2006, R-Artemisia]
Additionally, no evidence was presented as to whether an overall charge may overlie peripheral ordinaries. Commenters were able to find some evidence that overall charges occasionally were found overlying a single peripheral ordinary. However, to register this motif, evidence of an overall charge overlying multiple peripheral ordinaries would have to be found.
Finally, current precedent says that complex charges may not be counterchanged over other charges (such as this chief and base). This was upheld as recently as January 2011:
Blazoned on the Letter of Intent as Paly of five argent and azure, this device actually depicts an argent field with two azure pallets, over which the crosses are counterchanged. Precedent says: "by longstanding policy, the College disallows complex charges counterchanged over other charges" [Grethfurth Wulfstan, May 1993, R-Atlantia] Therefore, this device is returned for counterchanging a complex charge over an ordinary. [Gynter Eiriksson, January 2011, R-East]
On resubmission, the submitter should be asked to draw the per saltire line of division so that it evenly divides the part of the field not covered by peripheral charges.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 8 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Thormot Quilliam. Name (see PENDS for device). 
Eastern Crown was able to find both elements in Manx: the first dated to the 16th century (in "Manx Names in the Early 16th Century") and the second to the grey period (in parish records).
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 9 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Thormot Quilliam. Device. Sable, a moose passant argent. 
This device is pended to discuss whether or not a moose (also known in Europe as an 'elk') is granted difference from other quadrupeds. All of the possible conflicts depend on whether or not there is at least significant difference between moose and stags/doe:
The device may be in conflict with the device of Gianni Arcieri, Per fess azure and bendy sable and argent, a stag at gaze argent. There is a CD for the changes to the field.
The device may be in conflict with the device of Alric of Ashfield, Sable, a stag trippant within a bordure embattled argent. There is one CD for removing the secondary bordure. Trippant is a synonym for passant used exclusively with stags.
The device may conflict with the device of Eislinn the Patient, Sable, a doe at gaze guardant argent atop a sun Or. There is a CD for removing the sun.
Additionally, The device may conflict with the badge of Thomas Sinclair, Sable, a stag trippant between a chief engrailed and a point pointed argent. There is a single CD for removing both the chief and point, by precedent:
This device is returned for conflict with Libya, Vert. The chief and point are considered to be peripheral ordinaries in the same group, meaning that there is a single CD for the addition of the peripheral group. Section X.1 of the Rules for Submissions is not applicable here because neither armory being compared has a primary charge. [Lazarus Jacob Hase, January 2011, R-Middle]
The January 2006 Cover Letter has a ruling, "From Wreath: On Ibexes", which may be relevant, or may be overturned, by research done for this submission.
[PENDED April 2011. This was item 9 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Urraca de la Mar. Device. Gules, on a pale Or three mullets of four points gules. 
Please see the Cover Letter for information on period documentation for mullets of four points.
This device is returned for conflict with the badge of Mary Margaret of Derby, Gules, on a pale Or three batwinged lions salient gules. There is a single CD for the change of type of the tertiaries.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 10 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]
Urraca de la Mar. Badge. (Fieldless) A magpie migrant proper. 
The submitted bird is mostly sable. Therefore, it will not be a CD from many design which uses a sable bird in a similar posture. In addition, by precedent: "There is no heraldic difference between migrant to chief and displayed" (LoAR 07/2009, Elizabet Alfinnsdottir, R-Atenveldt). Another precedent says that "there is no difference between a magpie and a raven." (Marguerite de Saint Nazarie, 5/2007, A-East).
Therefore, this badge is returned for a large number of conflicts with armory that uses a single sable displayed bird, too many to list. Examples are Prussia (important non-SCA arms), Argent, an eagle displayed sable crowned Or, and Manfred, King of Sicily (important non-SCA arms), Argent, an eagle displayed sable. For SCA armory, this is a conflict with the device of Bran of Cornwall, Vair, a raven displayed sable. There is a single CD for comparing fielded and fieldless armory.
It is, however, not a conflict with the badge of Brynna of Aelfstanbury, (Fieldless) In pale a raven displayed sable sustaining a sword fesswise Or, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for the addition of the sword and a CD for comparing two fieldless designs.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 11 on the Ealdormere letter of January 31, 2011.]

GLEANN ABHANN
Ioan mac Aichir huí Domnaill. Name change from holding name John of Gleann Abhann. 
Submitted as Ioan mac Aichir Uí Dhomhnaill, this name mixes a Middle Gaelic mac Aichir with an otherwise Early Modern Gaelic name. Unfortunately, we require the entire byname to be in a single language, because it's all derived from a single person's name (his father's). The completely Middle Gaelic form is mac Aichir huí Domnaill. We have made that change in order to register the name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Gleann Abhann letter of January 31, 2011.]
Melisant le Piryere. Name and device. Vert, a tyger sejant argent within in annulo nine fleurs-de-lys Or. 
This does not conflict with the registered Mylisant Perry. The bynames are significantly different in sound and appearance, with different numbers of syllables and different vowel sounds in each syllable.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Gleann Abhann letter of January 31, 2011.]
Nicolo Marcello. Name. 
The submitter requested authenticity for 16th century Venice. This name meets that request.
Nicolo has been granted permission to presume a relationship by Zaneta moglie di Nicolo Marcello registered elsewhere on this letter.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Gleann Abhann letter of January 31, 2011.]
Zaneta moglie di Nicolo Marcello. Name. 
Submitted as Zaneta mugleri di Nicolo Marcello, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th century Venice. The word mugleri was documented as a southern Italian word. The word used in Venice (and in Tuscany) for "wife" is moglie (found for example in Language and statecraft in early modern Venice, by Elizabeth Horodowich). We have made that change in order to meet her request for authenticity.
Zaneta has been granted permission to presume a relationship by Nicolo Marcello, registered elsewhere on this letter.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Gleann Abhann letter of January 31, 2011.]

LOCHAC
Blethyn ap Gryffyd. Name and device. Quarterly azure and vert, a stag trippant between four mullets argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Lochac letter of January 28, 2011.]
Burghardt von der Brandenburg. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
The construction von der Brandenburg requires the existence of a place, in this case a castle, called Die Brandenburg. There was a castle of that name, destroyed in 1165. This is sufficient to give the benefit of the doubt; another castle of that name could clearly have been constructed and maintained until a later date, when such a byname would be plausible.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Lochac letter of January 28, 2011.]
Burghardt von der Brandenburg. Device. Per fess argent and azure, between in pale a cross fleury gules and a dog statant coward argent, in fess two acorns inverted azure each conjoined to an oak leaf inverted argent. 
This device is returned for violating section VII.7.b of the Rules for Submissions, which requires that "Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon." Commenters were unable to derive a blazon which specified the relative position of the acorn-and-leaf group which both specifies that those are a secondary charge group and positioned them correctly on the field. These charges are not actually between the cross and dog, nor are the cross and dog between them.
The cross as drawn has both fesswise arms much longer than the palewise arms, and a single example was provided in commentary. Commenters asked if this was sufficient, given the recent revision in the rules for documented exceptions. While the submitted cross is not identical to the documented cross, we remind commenters that the same precedent ruled that a single example of a charge is sufficient for documentation purposes.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Lochac letter of January 28, 2011.]
Lochac, Kingdom of. Badge association with the populace. Quarterly azure and argent, on a cross gules four mullets of six points argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Lochac letter of January 28, 2011.]
Ragnarr Olafsson. Name and device. Sable, a fess between three Norse sun crosses argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Lochac letter of January 28, 2011.]
Theophrastus von Oberstockstall. Name. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Lochac letter of January 28, 2011.]
Tomas Askelson. Device. Per saltire gules and sable, a stag's head cabossed and a bordure embattled argent. 
Tomas has permission to conflict with Fearghus MacCulloch, Per pale gules and azure, a stag's head erased affronty within a bordure embattled argent.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the Lochac letter of January 28, 2011.]

MERIDIES
Agnarr bassi Gamlason. Name. 
Kingdom felt that the submitted Agnarr bassi, conflicted with the registered Ragnarr Bassi. This is correct; dropping the initial consonant of a longer word is not sufficient to make them different in sound or appearance. The submitter allowed the addition of the element Gamlason to allow the name to be registered; kingdom made that change.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Cassandra la Rose. Device. Or, in fess three roses gules slipped and leaved vert and a chief doubly enarched gules. 
The use of a chief doubly enarched is a step from period practice.
Commenters should note that while we no longer distinguish "garden roses" from heraldic roses in blazon, their use has not been ruled to be a step from period practice. There is a single step from period practice in this design, and it may, therefore, be registered.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Cassandra la Rose. Badge. (Fieldless) On an open scroll Or a rose gules slipped and leaved vert. 
Please instruct the submitter that the body of the scroll should be entirely palewise.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Juliana MacDonald of Lorne. Name. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Krystyan McIntosh. Name change from Eibhlín Macintosh and device. Azure, a rabbit courant argent charged on the shoulder with a mullet of six points azure. 
McIntosh is the submitter's legal surname.
Her previous name, Eibhlín Macintosh, is released.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Muirgel inghean Ghriogair. Name and device. Per pale wavy gules and azure, a panther rampant guardant contourny argent incensed Or and spotted azure and gules and a sea horse argent tailed Or. 
Submitted as Muirgheal inghan Ghriogair, the given name did not continue in use after 1200. Therefore, it must appear in the contemporary Middle Gaelic form, Muirgel. Additionally, we have corrected the particle, which appeared as the incorrect inghan in the Letter of Intent, but as the correct inghean on the forms. We have made those changes in order to register the name.
This name mixes Middle Gaelic and Early Modern Gaelic, which is a step from period practice. As the given name is not documented late enough to be found in Early Modern Gaelic and the byname not early enough to be found in Middle Gaelic, we cannot suggest a lingually consistent form.
Please instruct the submitter to draw deeper, more prominent waves on the line of division.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Myrgjol Sumarliðardóttir. Name. 
Appearing on the Letter of Intent as Myrgjol Sumarlidardóttir, the forms have Sumarliðardóttir. We have made that change in order to meet the submitter's intent (and to register the name).
The paternal name appears to take both the forms Sumarliðr and Sumarliði. The first would lead to this genitive form, the second to Sumarliðadóttir. Either is registerable.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 7 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Ruaidhri mac Seamuis. Name and device. Per pale azure and argent, a natural tiger rampant contourny argent marked sable and a natural dolphin hauriant azure, in chief a triquetra counterchanged. 
The submitter expressed interest in a 14th century Scots name. We cannot demonstrate that Seamus was in use as a Scots Gaelic name at that time. It is, however, a lovely Irish Gaelic name for that time.
Natural dolphins have a habitat that includes the coastal waters of Europe, including all of the British Isles and the Mediterranean. The Rules for Submissions, section VII.4 says that "The use of flora and fauna native to Europe, including coastal waters, that cannot otherwise be documented as heraldic charges will not be considered a step from period practice." Therefore, the use of a natural dolphin is not a step from period practice, which clarifies the following precedent:
[...a bend sinister gules fimbriated between a natural dolphin contourny and a bear's pawprint Or..] This device has two problems, each of which is cause for return...Past precedent has ruled that pawprints are a step from period practice and that "natural dolphins, Bengal tigers, and garden roses are all still discouraged charges as they were not found in heraldry and have period counterparts" (Cover Letter, November 1999). As a result, this device must be considered two steps from period practice and returned. [Gwentliana filia Iohannes, LoAR 01/2005, R-Outlands]
Note that the precedent declares pawprints as a step from period practice, but the other charges are only discouraged. They were not declared to be a step from period practice at that time. Later precedent says that there is a step from period practice for the use of a natural tiger:
There is a step from period practice for the use of a natural tiger, since it is fauna not native to Europe and not used in period heraldry" [Tigernan Mear mac Riatai, September 2010, A-Atlantia]
There is, however, only a single step from period practice in this device, for the use of a natural tiger, which means it may be registered.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 8 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Serafina Alamanni. Name and device. Per chevron vert and azure, three cinquefoils and a lion couchant argent. 
Blazoned on the Letter of Intent as violets, violets have petals with different shapes. The submitter flowers are radially symmetrical, so we have blazoned them as a cinquefoils.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 10 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Siobhán Love. Name and device. Per pale purpure and argent, in pale three dragonflies counterchanged. 
Submitted as Siobhàn Love, the documented form is Siobhán. We have made that change in order to register the name.
This name mixes Gaelic and English, which is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 11 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Thor's Mountain, Barony of. Badge for Sable Gryphon, Order of the. (Fieldless) A griffin contourny within and conjoined to an annulet sable. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 9 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Ulli Könngott. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and sable, a mullet of six points and an increscent Or. 
Ælfwynn Leoflæde dohtor was able to provide evidence of German feminine given names Uli and Ula in the 15th century (in Socin and Seibicke respectively); Metron Ariston provided extensive evidence of the masculine equivalent with both single and double l. This is enough to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt regarding the spelling of the given name and register the name as submitted.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 12 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
William of Loddington. Name and device. Checky argent and gules, a bend Or between two mullets of four points sable. 
Please see the Cover Letter for information on period documentation for mullets of four points.
Please instruct the submitter to draw the mullets larger, to better fill the available space.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 13 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]
Wojciech of Phoenix Glade. Name. 
Phoenix Glade is a registered branch name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 14 on the Meridies letter of January 31, 2011.]

MIDDLE
Alexander Adelbrecht. Device. Erminois, a heart and on a chief sable a stag's attire Or. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Andelcrag, Barony of. Badge. Per chevron throughout sable and argent, in base a stepcut gemstone palewise vert, a bordure embattled Or. 
This badge is returned for a redraw. The previous submission of this badge was returned on the May 2009 LoAR for the use of a brilliant-cut gemstone. The submitters have switched to a step-cut gemstone, known in period, but in the process have incorrectly drawn their pile inverted. The original submission (http://oscar.sca.org/index.php?action=145&id=8845) shows an acceptable pile, though ideally the pile should be thinner. The current submission, (http://oscar.sca.org/index.php?action=145&id=16072) shows acceptable embattlements and a registerable gemstone.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Athelyna Doucet. Name change from holding name Laura of Rivenstar. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Fíne ingen huí Mathgamna. Name. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Franciscus von Elwangen. Name and device. Or, a fess bretessed vert between a falcon volant contourny and a bear passant gules. 
Please instruct the submitter that the bird's feet should be extended rearward, not forward, for the volant posture.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Gaius Titius Aquila. Name change from Volkmar Kiver. 
His previous name, Volkmar Kiver, is released.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 7 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Gallien de l'Ile. Name and device. Per chevron azure and sable, a horse salient argent charged on the shoulder with a fret couped gules. 
Commenters questioned whether the spelling l'Ile was appropriate for before 1600.
Elmet notes:
As further support for the spelling of the byname as de l'Ile rather than de l'Isle, on Gallica, a document from 1588 concerns the "Prinse de l'ile d'Origny, angloise" (http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k101245b.r=de+l%27ile.langEN)
Therefore, this name is appropriate as submitted.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 8 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Gearalt Ó Tuathail. Name and device. Azure, on a saltire vert fimbriated a wolf's head erased Or. 
This device is clear of the badge of Deille of Farnham. Or, on a saltire vert a pawprint Or. There is a CD for the change to the field and a CD for the change of type of the tertiary charge.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 9 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Ginevra Boscoli. Device. Azure, a tower argent surmounted by a fess gules fimbriated charged with three fleurs-de-lys Or. 
Section VIII.3 of the Rules for Submissions requires that "voiding and fimbriation may only be used with simple geometric charges placed in the center of the design." Precedent, set in August 2010, says:
[...on a bear, a Latin cross fimbriated...] This device is returned for violating our rules on voiding and fimbriation. While a Latin cross is both simple enough to be voided and it is placed in the central portion of the design, the rule is intended to be used with primary charges only. ... Since voiding and fimbriation are treated identically, only primary charges may be fimbriated. [Thomas der Kreuzfahrer, August 2010, R-Middle]
In the past, we have allowed fimbriated overall charges. Commenters asked whether this was a documentable period practice and were unable to find documentation for this practice. Therefore, charges in overall charge groups will not be allowed to be fimbriated after the September 2011 decision meetings.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 10 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Jocelin du Verdière. Name reconsideration from Jocelin Verdière. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 11 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Kara de Korte. Name and device. Or, a windmill sable between in fess two torteaux and in chief another. 
Kara is the submitter's legal given name.
Kara has permission to conflict with the device of Wit die Groot, Argent, a windmill sable between in fess two torteaux and in chief another, which appears later on this letter.
This device is clear of the device of Harold Breakstone, Or, a castle triple-towered sable, pennants flotant to sinister vert. There is a CD for adding the torteaux and another for the difference between a windmill and a castle.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 12 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Kenneth Makdonenalde. Name and device. Per fess Or and azure, a chevron between three lozenges counterchanged. 
Submitted as Kenneth Makdonenalde, the name was changed at kingdom to Kineth Makdouenalde. The change to the given name was unnecessary, as precedent says "Kenneth is dated to 1641 in the "Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707" (http://www.rps.ac.uk/)." [Kenneth of Hellsgate, Ansteorra-A, January 2010]
Additionally, Noir Licorne was able find examples of Kenneth in the 16th century:
For example, "The first and second volumes of Chronicles: comprising 1. The description and historie of England, 2. The description and historie of Ireland, 3. The description and historie of Scotland, Volume 2" by Francis Thynne, Abraham Fleming, Richard Stanyhurst, John Stow, and John Hooker, which was published in 1586, refers to the "death of Kenneth" (p. 160, http://books.google.com/books?id=ASFEAAAAcAAJ).
The Letter of Intent makes the argument that the submitted Makdonenalde "is clearly an error by Black or his source." This is probably correct. However, barring clear evidence that this is not a period recording of the name, we must give the submitter the benefit of the doubt and register the name as submitted. The submitter may want to know that the registered form is probably a mistake for Makdouenalde, which matches the 13th century pronunciation of the Gaelic mac Domhnaill.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 13 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Layla al-Zarqa'. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 14 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Layla al-Zarqa'. Device. Azure, a chevron and in chief a cat and a weasel passant respectant argent. 
This device is returned for violating the following precedent:
In this submission the chevron inverted and the tree can only be interpreted as co-primary charges, as they are of approximately equal visual weight and neither occupies the center of the shield. This combination of ordinary with non-ordinary charge in a single charge group produces an unbalanced design. Without period evidence for such a design, it is not registerable. [Issobell nic Gilbert, April 2005, R-Caid]
This precedent was upheld as recently as November 2010. The current submission has the same problem: none of the charges occupies the center of the field, and they are all of equivalent visual weight.
Since the charges on the device are all co-primary charges, in the same group, this device is also returned for violating our ban on so-called "slot machine" armory. Section VIII.1.a of the Rules for Submissions says that "three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group."
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 14 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Lazaro de Toledo. Name and device. Per saltire sable and gules, on a pale Or a phoenix sable rising from flames gules. 
The submitter expressed interest in a byname meaning "son of Alfredo" in Spanish. Commenters were unable to find Alfredo in Spanish in period. The submitter may want to consider a Latinized Italian Lazarus Alfredi; the vernacular equivalent is Lazzaro di Gualfredo.
This device is clear of the flag of Moldova, Per pale azure and gules, on a pale Or an eagle displayed brunâtre, beaked and membered gules, maintaining in its beak a Latin cross, in its sinister talon a sceptre Or, and in its dexter talon an olive branch proper, charged on the breast with an escutcheon of Moldova. There is a CD for the changes to the field and another for the change of both type and tincture of the tertiary charge, from a brown eagle to a black-and-red phoenix.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 15 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Louis de Marquais. Name and device. Azure, a galleon argent and on a chief wavy Or in canton a sun gules. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 16 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Louis Xavier de Navarre. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 17 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Louis Xavier de Navarre. Device. Azure, a tower argent between three griffins passant wings addorsed Or. 
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Michaela de Neuville, Azure, a triple-towered castle argent illumined purpure, between three crescents Or. There is no CD between a castle and a tower, so there is only a single CD for the change of type of the secondary charge group.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 17 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Lydia de Bequerel. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 18 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Lydia de Bequerel. Device. Lozengy Or and azure, a lucy haurient embowed argent. 
This device is returned for conflict with the device of James the Fisher, Vert, a fish haurient embowed maintaining a sword bendwise sinister and a shield argent, reblazoned elsewhere on this letter. There is a CD for the field, but no difference is granted for the maintained charges.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 18 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Máel Coluim Mór. Name and device. Sable, an owl contourny between three triskelions of spirals argent. 
There is a step from period practice for the use of a triskelion of spirals.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 19 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Margrett Norwoode of Bristol. Device. Per pale azure and purpure, a gurges Or and a bordure Or semy of musical notes purpure. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 20 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Matthias Schedelich. Name. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 21 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Megen Archerswyf. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
While Archerwyf is the more likely form, Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada was able to find a few bynames of relationship that use possessive forms (the 1379 Alicia Cokesdoghtre and 1381 Alicia Prestysdoghter). Therefore, we can give the submitter the benefit of the doubt and this can be registered as submitted.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 22 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Megen Archerswyf. Device. Azure, a unicorn's head couped argent armed and crined Or and on a chief wavy argent three fleurs-de-lys purpure. 
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Glynys of Arran, Azure, a unicorn's head couped, on a chief nebuly argent a thistle proper. We grant no difference between wavy and nebuly, so there is only a single CD for the changes to the tertiary charges.
This device is also a conflict with the device of Joscelyn Jentyl, Azure, a unicorn's head erased argent armed Or, and on a chief wavy argent three bells azure. Again, there is a single CD for the multiple changes to the tertiary charges.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 22 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Michael de Quarmby. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
The submitter expressed interest in a mid-14th century name. The most likely form for that time is Michael de Querenby. However, the submitted form is registerable, and the submitter did not request that his name be changed to be authentic. Therefore we are registering it as submitted.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 23 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Michael de Quarmby. Device. Barry dancetty vert and Or.. 
This device is returned for conflict under section X.5 of the Rules for Submissions for overwhelming visual similarity to the device of Tuan Taico the Necromancer, Or, two bars dancetty vert.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 23 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Moll Sotherden. Name and device. Per fess azure and vert, two crescents and in saltire two grozing irons argent. 
Edelweiss was able to find Moll as a late period English man's name, which allows it to be registered as submitted. The submitter may want to know that all the feminine forms he could find have a final -e.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 24 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Morriss Greir. Name and device. Vert, a saltire between in fess two dogs sejant addorsed and in base a cross of Cleves argent. 
Edelweiss was able to date Morriss as an English man's given name to late period.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 25 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Nicole de Say. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
Submitted as Nicole de Saye, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th-15th century Norman French. The name is authentic for 16th century France as submitted; a 15th century form is Nicole de Say. The documented 15th century Saye is unmarked, and as such it is not clear if it is locative in origin or related to the word for silk. As such, it cannot be considered evidence for a 15th century de Saye. We have made that change in order to meet the request for authenticity.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 26 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Nicole de Say. Device. Quarterly azure and argent, four domestic cats sejant counterchanged. 
This device is returned for conflict with the device of Renate Gabrielle Grossvogel von Ramsau, Quarterly azure and argent, in bend two cats sejant, dexter forepaws raised, argent. There is a single CD for the addition of two cats, but no other CD.
This device is also returned for conflict with the device of Andrea of Carlisle, Per saltire argent and azure, four domestic cats sejant guardant counterchanged. There is a CD for the field, but the move of the cats is forced. There is no difference granted for changing the facing of only the head.
The device is also returned for conflict with the device of Arianwen ferch Arthur, Quarterly argent and azure, four ounces sejant counterchanged. There is certainly a CD for the field, but there is not a CD for changing the tincture of the cats, because the move is forced. This overturns the following precedent:
[Quarterly embattled Or and gules, four horses rampant counterchanged sable and argent] The badge is clear of Aethelnoth of Alebridge, Quarterly sable and argent, four horses rampant reguardant counterchanged. In Aethelnoth's device, the horses in bend are argent and those in bend sinister are sable. In Wolfram's badge, the tincture of the horses is reversed. Therefore there is one CD for changes to the field and one CD for changing the tincture of all the primary charges. [Wolfram Brant, 12/00, A-Atlantia]
That precedent is not logically consistent with other rulings and guiding principles including the conflict with Andrea de Carlisle, above. We consider Quarterly azure and argent, two cats sejant argent to conflict with Quarterly argent and azure, two cats sejant argent. Adding two blue cats does not change the fact that the charges can be considered to move. The June 2004 LoAR (From Wreath: Counting Differences) Says that we must "Use the minimum number of steps or changes between the armory to determine the number of CDs." The minimum number of steps is one.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 26 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Obata Kenjiro Torayoshi. Name and device. Azure, within an increscent a rabbit salient argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 27 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Og the Red. Name reconsideration from Ogg the Red and badge. Or, in pale a viking spangenhelm affronty gules and a wooden tankard proper. 
Og can be constructed as an English given name derived from a late period English surname. Noir Licorne found a Robert Og in 1636; the same spelling is dated to 1369 in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Ogg).
This is a correctly formed request for reconsideration. Just as with appeals, there is no time limit set on requests for reconsideration. See the Cover Letter for further discussion of Requests for Reconsideration.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 29 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Og the Red. Household name House of Ogsland. 
No evidence was presented for the use of a Middle English or Early Modern English personal name combined with -land. Luckily, a placename with this form can be constructed. Barry Cox, The Place-names of Leicestershire dates Tudges lande to 1484 and Knoles Laund Close 1641. This is sufficient to justify the pattern "surname in possessive case plus land." Og is found as a surname in 1369 in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Ogg), as well as in the grey period. While Ogges would be the more typical possessive form, one can find plural and possessive forms of single syllable words ending in -og spelled -ogs in the Middle English Dictionary. Therefore, a placename of Ogs land or Ogsland can be justified.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 28 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Osanna Elze Mailander. Name and device. Purpure semy of daisies proper, a butterfly Or. 
Mailander is grandfathered to the submitter; she is the legal niece of Konrad Mailander and the legal granddaughter of Anna Mailander.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 30 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Pawel z Grodzisna. Name change from Víkingr Járnhauss inn Hárlangi (see RETURNS for device change). 
Submitted as Pawel z Grodziczno The submitter did not demonstrate that the place or its name dated to period. Luckily, Eastern Crown was able to date the place, in the spelling Grodzisno to 1570. Morever, locative byname in Polish formed with z require the genitive form of the placename. In this case, that would be Grodzisna. We have changed the name to the grammatically correct form of the dated spelling in order to register it.
His previous name, Víkingr Járnhauss inn Hárlangi, is retained as an alternate name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 31 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Pawel z Grodzisna. Device change. Per pale gules and argent, a double-headed eagle displayed charged on each wing with a grenade counterchanged. 
This device is returned for violation of section VIII.3 of the Rules for Submissions, which requires that "Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability." The grenades are not drawn as standard grenades, but more like flames. They are also in an area of the wing which is highly detailed, further confusing the issue. The size, also, caused many commenters to not even notice them until they were pointed out.
Without the grenades/flames, this device is a conflict with the device of Rudiger Adler, Per pale gules and argent, a double-headed eagle within a double tressure counterchanged. There would be a single CD for the removal of the double tressure.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 31 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Pawel z Grodzisna. Release of alternate name Miguel Villalobos. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 32 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Pawel z Grodzisna. Release of badge. Sable, a jawless human skull within a triangle voided argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 33 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Pawel z Grodzisna. Release of badge. Per pale gules and vert, two chains in saltire debruised by a cartouche fesswise Or. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 34 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Philippa Montague and Gerard Montague. Badge. Or fretty vert, a bordure azure charged with an orle of oak leaves conjoined in orle Or. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 35 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Ranólfr Rosamon. Name and device. Argent, on the shoulder of a stag salient sable between three roses proper a compass star argent. 
The submitter indicated he would prefer the name Ranþulfr, if it could be documented. Commenters could find no evidence for names that begin with Ranþ-, so that name can not be constructed.
Commenters observed that the submitted name does not appear in Geirr Bassi; it appears to have been a misreading of Runólfr. However, the submitted form is plausible given the variability we find in Lind s.n. Rúnólfr, Runólfr. In addition to the submitted name, he might want to know about two other Old Norse names, Ráðúlfr and R{o,}ndólfr (both in Lind), that might be closer to his intended pronunciation.
The use of a compass star is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 36 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Raynagh ingen huí Laídig. Name and device. Per bend sinister wavy azure and argent, three roses conjoined argent and a bird migrant to chief gules. 
This name mixes a 14th century Anglicized Irish name with a c. 1250 Annals of Connaught-style documentary byname. The combination of Anglicized Irish and Gaelic is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 37 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Rivka la Roja. Name and device. Argent, a hurt surmounted by a quill pen inverted fesswise point to sinister gules. 
This name mixes a Hebrew given name with a Spanish byname; this mix is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 38 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Roana Aldinoch. Name and device. Quarterly vert and gules semy of quatrefoils argent, a badger rampant contourny Or marked sable. 
Nice 13th century English name!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 39 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Roana Aldinoch. Badge. Per pale vert and sable, a roundel counterchanged fimbriated, on a chief embattled argent an arrow sable. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 40 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Ulrich of Wiard. Name change from holding name Ulrich of Shadowed Stars. 
Submitted as Alric of Wiard, the submitter communicated that he preferred the name Ulrich. Although it was not entered as a correction, commenters had a chance to comment on that change. We have made that change in order to meet the submitter's request.
There is a documentary de Wyard, dated to t. Edward I (1272-1307). While commenters have made the argument that this byname is an error, as the name is not locative in origin, this citation is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt and register the byname as submitted.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Urrich Nürnberger. Name and device. Per fess engrailed sable and argent goutty de larmes, a fox's mask argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 41 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Vidal Villegas de Villena. Badge. (Fieldless) On a goblet Or a crescent gules. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 42 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Vitus Aurelius. Device. Gules, six towers three and three argent. 
Vitus has permission to conflict with the Barony of Caer Mear, Gules, atop a grey granite tower a copper brazier enflamed proper.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 43 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Vladimir Draconis. Name and device. Gules, a skull and on a chief wavy argent a war hammer sable. 
Commenters questioned whether the byname can be registered in the possessive form. The most typical Latinized form of a patronymic byname is the name in the genitive. As Draco is found as a German given name, dated to 1339 (in Seibicke s.n. Drake), the genitive Draconis can be registered as a possible patronymic byname.
This name combines a Russian given name with a (Latinized) German byname; this is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 44 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Walther Ravenolt. Name and device. Argent, on a cross nowy sable a raven argent. 
Nice 13th century German name!
This is clear of the device of Craig of the Chambers, Argent, on a cross nowy patty throughout sable, a plate, thereon a corbie displayed sable. Crosses patty and plain crosses are in different groups on the May 2009 LoAR, meaning there is substantial difference between them, and these two pieces of armory are clear under section X.2 of the Rules for Submissions.
Please instruct the submitter to draw more prominent nowing on the cross.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 45 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Wilhelm Wulfhart. Name and device. Sable, two arrows inverted in saltire surmounted by a wolf's head cabossed and a chief doubly enarched argent. 
As documented, this name mixes a High German given name with a Low German byname. While this combination has been ruled a step from period practice, we hesitate to require submitters to be linguistic experts in order to determine if name elements can go together. Both Low and High German forms are found in the same books, and even Fause Losenge felt the need to comment on the location in which Wulfhart was found in order to confirm its linguistic background.
In fact, the byname spelling is compatible with High German spellings. as Ælfwynn Leoflaede dohtor was able to find Middle High German Wulfhilt (12th c.), Wulfingus 1282 and a variety of names with -hart, including Gerhart 1303 and 14th century Burghart and Erhart (all from Socin).
Given the difficulty of clearly identifying High and Low German forms, we cannot penalize submitters and kingdom heralds by requiring them to find a way to determine whether elements are High or Low German. Therefore, this combination is no longer a step from period practice.
The use of a chief doubly enarched is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 46 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Wit die Groot. Name and device. Argent, a windmill sable between in fess two torteaux and in chief another. 
Nice 15th century Dutch name!
Wit has permission to conflict with the device of Kara de Korte, Or, a windmill sable between in fess two torteaux and in chief another, which appears earlier in this letter.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 47 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Wulfgar Hlotharius von Aachen. Household name Company of Furres Keep and badge. (Fieldless) A tower sable winged Or. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 48 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Xiahou Bu. Name and device. Counter-vair, three crescents in pall inverted horns outward gules. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 49 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Yitzchak ben Menashe. Name (see RETURNS for device). 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 50 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Yitzchak ben Menashe. Device. Or, on a hand of Fatima azure an eye argent irised azure. 
There is not a CD between a hand of Fatima and a human hand, by precedent:
Thea Gabrielle Northernridge. Badge. (Fieldless) On a hand of Fatima Or, an eye azure. This badge is returned for conflict with the device of Geva de Lile, Azure, on a dexter hand apaumy Or a goutte azure. There is a CD for fieldlessness, but nothing for the type of hand. As a hand of Fatima is not simple enough to void, RfS X.4.j.ii does not apply and there is nothing for changing the type only of the tertiary charge. [November 2006 LoAR R-Caid]
Therefore, this device is in conflict with the device of John Lance of Nottingham, Counter-ermine, on a dexter hand couped apaumy azure, a sword proper. There is a CD for the changes to the field, but since a hand is not suitable for purposes of Section X.4.j.ii of the Rules for Submissions, there is not a CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charge.
This device is also a conflict with the device of Elizabeta de Ravenna, Or, on a hand vert a sun argent. There is a CD for the change of tincture of the primary charge, but no CD for changing only the type of the tertiary charge.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 50 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Zaneta Niccolini. Name and device. Purpure, a mortar and pestle and a chief raguly argent. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 51 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]
Zanira of the North Woods. Name and device. Per fess wavy purpure and argent, a peacock feather fesswise reversed and a butterfly counterchanged. 
The North Woods is the registered name of an SCA branch.
Please instruct the submitter to draw a longer peacock's feather. It should extend nearly to the sides of the device.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 52 on the Middle letter of January 16, 2011.]

NORTHSHIELD
Geffroi le Houlier. Name. 
The submitter requested authenticity for 14th century France/Burgundy. This request was not summarized in the Letter of Intent. This is a lovely 13th century Parisian name; it is being pended to allow commentary on the authenticity request for a different time and place.
His device has been registered under the holding name Geffroi of Caer Anterth Mawr.
[PENDED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Northshield letter of January 31, 2011.]
Geffroi of Caer Anterth Mawr. Holding name and device (see PENDS for name). Paly sable and argent, on a chief argent three fleurs-de-lys sable. 
Please instruct the submitter that there should be a thin line separating the chief from the field.
Submitted under the name Geffroi le Houlier.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the Northshield letter of January 31, 2011.]
Moraig Anne Drummond. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Holly Herald from Northshield, Kingdom of. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Northshield letter of January 31, 2011.]
Northshield, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Holly Herald to Moraig Anne Drummond. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the Northshield letter of January 31, 2011.]
Northshield, Kingdom of. Transfer of heraldic title Gout de Vin Herald to Richard Morgan of Cumberland. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Northshield letter of January 31, 2011.]
Richard Morgan of Cumberland. Acceptance of transfer of heraldic title Gout de Vin Herald from Northshield, Kingdom of. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the Northshield letter of January 31, 2011.]
Windhaven, Barony of. Augmentation. Azure, a sea-pithon within a laurel wreath and for augmentation on a chief Or a bunch of grapes between two Catherine wheels azure. 
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 4 on the Northshield letter of January 31, 2011.]

OUTLANDS
Robert Spenser of Bristol. Reblazon of badge. (Fieldless) In pale an eagle rising contourny wings displayed sustaining a harp Or. 
Blazoned when registered, in March 1995, as (Fieldless) Perched on a harp Or an eagle rising contourny wings displayed and inverted Or, we are clarifying the relative sizes of the charges.
[ACCEPTED April 2011 (from one Outlands letter of )]

WEST
Alfarr Utherson. Name and device. Per chevron sable and gules, two portcullises and a cross gurgity Or. 
This name mixes English and Old Norse, which is a step from period practice. Uther is registerable as a literary name on the basis of its use in Arthurian literature. Commenters questioned how early the figure of Uther was known, because a literary name cannot (of course) predate the use of the name in literature. The story of Uther appears in Monmouth's 12th century History of the Kings of Britain. Given this, there is not a second step from period practice for temporal incompatibility, and the name can be registered.
The cross gurgity appears to be an invention of period heralds, mentioned in tracts, but never seen in period heraldry. The same sort of curved ends can be seen, in mirror pairs, in the cross moline. Therefore, though this cross was never used in period heraldry, its use is only a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 1 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Caleb Maxwell. Name. 
Nice late period English name!
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 2 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Cormac Ciúin. Name. 
Submitted as Cormac an Ciúin, bynames with similar meanings in Gaelic do not have the article an. Therefore, we have dropped the article in order to register the name.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 3 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Danegeld Tor, Shire of. Badge. (Fieldless) A drakkar sable, sail set argent and charged with two axes in saltire heads addorsed sable. 
Sails that appear to be displays of armory must be conflict checked as such:
Please note the following discussion which appears under Æthelmearc for the registration of Marianna Molin di Salerno's device, Azure goutty d'Or, six lymphads sailing to sinister Or, each sail charged with a martlet volant to sinister gules, a base Or:
As noted on the LoI, a charged sail is not an inescutcheon of pretense under RfS XI.4; but as a display of armory, it must still be checked for conflict. In this case, Or, a martlet volant to sinister gules is clear of conflict. An anomaly of our rules is that, under these circumstances, conflict is not reciprocal. Thus the registration of Azure goutty d'Or, six lymphads sailing to sinister Or, each sail charged with a martlet volant to sinister gules, a base Or does not protect Or, a marlet [sic] volant to sinister gules. A charged sail must be clear of conflict at the time it is registered, but a different person could later register armory that conflicts with that sail.
[From Wreath: Charged Sails, October 2007, Cover Letter]
This sail is a display of Argent, two axes in saltire heads addorsed sable. This is a conflict with the device of Ungust filius Antonii, Argent, two double-bitted axes in saltire sable surmounted by a brown bull's head cabossed proper. There is a CD for removing the bull's head. It is also a conflict with the badge of Agravaine Rhiwallon, (Fieldless) Two axes in saltire sable, with a single CD granted to a fieldless design when compared to any other design.
Therefore, this badge is returned because the sail is displaying armory which has a conflict.
[RETURNED April 2011. This was item 4 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Danegeld Tor, Shire of. Change of Designator (see RETURNS for badge). 
The policy for changes of group designators was detailed in the Cover Letter to the July 2005 LoAR, "From Laurel: Territorial Designators", specifically the phrase "the listing in the database is not connected to the formal status of the branch, nor should it be." Had their badge submission (returned elsewhere on this letter) been accepted, the change would have been made automatically; this action would not have been necessary. The advancement of a group to a level at which it is allowed to register awards is brought to the attention to the CoA and Laurel by the act of that group submitting awards for registration.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 5 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
James the Fisher. Reblazon of device. Vert, a fish haurient embowed maintaining a sword bendwise sinister and a shield argent. 
Blazoned when registered, in 1979, as Vert, a fish salient, holding in dexter forefin a sword bendwise sinister, and in sinister forefin a round shield, argent, we are clarifying the relative size of the held charges and blazoning the posture of the fish using a term meant for fish, not a term meant for quadrupeds.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. Added by Wreath]
Ketiley hvit. Name and device. Vert, a bend wavy between two tree stumps eradicated argent. 
Adjectival descriptive bynames in Old Norse must agree in gender with the gender of the given name. As Ketiley is a feminine name, the byname must be hvit or inn hvita. As the first is the smaller change, we have changed it to that form in order to register the name.
Please instruct the submitter to draw deeper, more prominent waves on the line of division.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 6 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Nicolai Sewolt von Sachsen. Name and device. Purpure, an anchor and in chief two compass stars Or. 
This name mixes a Russian given name with German bynames; this is a step from period practice.
There is a step from period practice for the use of a compass star.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 7 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Seraphina Blackburn. Name and device. Per bend sinister sable and gules, a bend sinister argent semy of ladybugs gules marked sable between an eye and a heart argent. 
Edelweiss was able to document Seraphina as a Spanish feminine given name in 1599 and Blackburn as an English byname from the 1550s on.
The combination of Spanish and English is a step from period practice.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 8 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Sven Gotfriedson. Name and device. Per chevron vert and azure, three mullets of eight points in chevron Or and a sea-lion argent. 
Commenters questioned whether Gotfriedson was correctly constructed, given that the more typical Scandinavian form changes the paternal name Gotfried to a possessive form, to make the byname Gotfriedsson.
The January 2011 Letter of Acceptances and Returns cites several Swedish examples of the submitted pattern:
While [the possessive] spelling is more common, there are many examples in the SMP and in the article cited above that use the nominative form of names. Examples from the latter (which are feminine) include wolffdother, Ongrim dotor, Ræist dottir, Thiølldother, Torbiorndotter and Biornd dotter.
Matins adds examples from Denmark:
And the entry for the feminine given name Helgha (col.495) gives examples of Helle Johansd: from 1423, 1434 and Hellj Jepsd: from 1610, which seems further confirmation that the genitive -s- is shown separately when it is present. Similarly the entry for Iuliana (col.701) shows both Iliana Akæd: from 1429 and Elina Agesd: from 1480. On the whole, it appears that unmarked genitives are fairly unremarkable in Danish.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 9 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]
Zotikos the Cretan. Name change from holding name Scott of Golden Rivers. 
The Cretan is the lingua Anglica version of a Greek adjectival byname, Kretikos.
[ACCEPTED April 2011. This was item 10 on the West letter of January 31, 2011.]