Paul Goldschmidt's Dictionary of Russian Names - Grammatical First Elements and Themes
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Grammatical First Elements and Themes

Copyright (c) 1996 Paul Goldschmidt. Used by permission.

Grammatical Notes

The following section is an attempt to provide a dictionary of themes for adventurous name inventors. In theory, it provides the opportunity for a person to create an artificial Russian name (one that never existed but which could have). This is only a tentitive work and extreme caution should be used in creating such artificial names. For now, only Russian themes are included. Christian themes can be studied in the context of Latin and Ancient Greek and have been fairly well documented.

Forming an artificial name correctly requires a slightly higher sophistication in Russian grammar than has been previously provided. The following brief discussion of consonant mutation and the use of "fill vowels" will provide some basic guidelines. Readers are encouraged, however, to search through more detailed works. Moroshkin (1867), for example, provides a much more technical discussion of the formation of names.

Filler Vowels

It is necessary from time to time to add vowels to link themes and elements together. This is most commonly achieved by inserting an unstressed "-o-" between elements. If the theme ends with a soft sign ('), an "-i-" is more common. At times, an "-e-" or an "-u-" may be more appropriate. In the following sections, I have tried to provide the proper fill vowel with any theme or element that is capable of preceding another. However, remember that period orthography was far from consistent. For example, the simple combination of "Rad" (joy) and "Slav" (glory) could result in any of the following possibilities: Radoslav, Radislav, Rad'slav, or Raslav. Meanwhile, the combination of "Liut" (hard) and "Bor" (slay) could result in Liutobor, Liutibor, Liutebor, or Liutbor. As one can see, sometimes the filler vowel was neglected altogether.

The following rules of thumb (adapted from Gribble, 1973: 14) may prove helpful. Following this checklist in order will usually result in the correct choice of vowel. In each case, use the first rule that applies:

  1. after k, g, or kh, insert an "-o-"
  2. before an r, l, m, or n, insert an "-e-"
  3. before soft consonants or ts, insert an "-e-"
  4. before hard consonants, insert an "-o-"

If all of this seems horribly daunting, simply follow your tongue. Russians use the most comfortable vowel choice, so simply put on your best Boris-and-Natasha accent and try out a couple possibilities aloud.

Consonant Mutation

To make matters even more complicated, most Russian hard consonants also undergo transformations when merged together. This is most common in the case of grammatical first elements (or themes) ending in consonants that are placed in front of themes or deuterothemes with a vowel or "short-i" () at their beginning. The general result is that the terminal consonant will be softened by this transformation to make the link possible. Some examples of such softening:


	p r pl'		t r ch/shch		st r shch	g  r zh
	b r bl'		d r zh/zhd		sk r shch	kh r sh
	m r ml'		s r sh			ts r ch		n  r n'
	f r fl'		z r zh			k  r ch		r  r r'
	v r vl'		l r  l'

Because of this, certain drastically differently spelled morphemes actually turn out to be related (e.g., "gor" and "zhar" or "kon" and "chn")(Gribble, 1973: 16). Some other examples include: Bog/Bozho, Bor/Boro, Boi/Voi, Bol'/Vel', Vlad/Blad, Zhir/Zhiv/Zhiz', Liub/Liud/Liut, and Mir/Mest'.

Consonant mutation, however, should not be confused with orthographic liberties. Rather, the transliteration inconsistencies of Central European scribes can make things even worse: Dado written as Dado, Dando, or Dindo; or Lalo written as Lala or Lolo; and so on.

For those who have do not wish to undertake the formation of an artificial name, this section can still prove useful. Using the index at the end can be a helpful starting point for a person who wishes to search for a name with a specific meaning (rather than one with a specific sound).

Grammatical First Elements

The following "grammatical first elements" share the characteristic of only being capable of being used at the beginning of words or names. For every rule, of course, there are notable exceptions (e.g., Borutzlatoslav, Neupomuk, Neupokoi, Pomstibor), but the rule holds in most cases. Moroshkin (1867: 33) also reminds us that names in diminutive form can lose their endings, leaving only the these elements (Viachko from Viacheslav, Sviatosha from Sviatoslava, etc.). Some of these elements are true protothemes, but many of them are only prepositions, negations, adverbs, or verbal derivatives.

  • Bez- : without
    • Bezkoryst. 1136. [Mor 10]
    • Bezkostii (Levko Bezkostii, craftsman). 1552. [Tup 44]
    • Beznos (Zhitomirsk peasant). 1501. [Tup 44]
  • Bliz- or Blizh-: close
    • Blizbor. 1136. [Mor 13]
    • Blizradost'. 1136. [Mor 13]
    • Blizuta. 1136. [Mor 13]
  • Blizh: see Bliz-
  • Bole- : big, large
    • Bolemil. 1146. [Mor 20]
    • Boleslav. 1569. [Tup 58]
    • Boletikh. 1205. [Mor 21]
  • Dab- : if, whether
    • Dabisha. 1329. [Mor 67]
    • Dabizhiv (Dabizhiv Chikhorik). 1399. [Mor 207]
  • Do- : 1) up to (a certain point); 2) completion; 3) add to
    • Dogatko (Ivan Dogatko, craftsman). 1552. [Tup 130]
    • Dokuchai (Dokuchai Ivanov syn Vakhtin). 1602. [RIB XIV 536]
    • Dokuka (priest). 16th Century. [Tup 130]
  • Doma-: home
    • Domabor. 1107. [Mor 75]
    • Domagnev. 1173. [Mor 75]
    • Domagost'. 1088. [Mor 75]
  • Is- : see Iz-
  • Iz- or Is- : 1) come out of; 2) extreme
    • Istok (Istok Bolotov). 1546. [Tup 167]
    • Izmira (Izmira Ammosov, servant). 1586. [Tup 166]
    • Izoslav (Izoslav Iaroslavl', Kievan prince). 1055. [Tup 22]
  • Kak- : like
    • Kakmuzh Odran'chik. 1249. [Mor 97]
  • Mo(i): mine (belonging to me)
    • Moimir. 1088. [Mor 129]
    • Moislav (Moislav Popovich, Novgorod boiar). 1194. [Tup 253]
    • Movil. 1559. [Mor 128]
  • Na- or Nad- : 1) on, onto; 2) do in great quantity; 3) super, over
    • Nadbor. 1416. [Mor 133]
    • Naglaz. 1052. [Mor 133]
    • Naslav. Second Half of 13th Century. [Art VI 37; #348]
  • Nad- : see Na-
  • Ne- : not
    • Nechai (Mikita Oseev syn Nechai). 1551. [RIB XIV 50]
    • Nedan. Pre-15th Century. [Art III 73; #134]
    • Nedobroi (Nedobroi Grigor'ev). 1558. [Tup 268]
  • O- or Ob- : surround, embrace
    • Obrad (Obrad Klevchevits'). 15th Century. [Gra 330]
    • Obezka. 14th Century. [Mor 141]
    • Osobei. 1181. [Mor 145]
  • Ob- : see O-
  • On- or Onyi- : he, him
    • Onodrag. 1036. [Mor 144]
    • Onoslawa. 850. [Mor 144]
    • Onshuk (Onshuk Ofonin, Beloozero peasant). 1557. [Tup 290]
  • Onyi-: see On.
  • Ot- : 1) away; 2) response
    • Otaslav. 1193. [Mor 145]
    • Otkulia (Otkulia Bogdanovich). 1552. [Tup 293]
    • Otrad. 1088. [Mor 146]
  • Pere- or Pre- : 1) across; 2) over limit; 3) again, anew
    • Peremil (Ivanko Peremil Dorokhov, peasant). 1539. [Tup 301]
    • Peresvet (Peresvet Matveev syn Kalitina). 1500. [Tup 301]
    • Preliub (Preliub Ugod'chik). 1336. [Mor 196]
  • Pered- : see Pred-
  • Po- : do a little, do infrequently
    • Poboi. 1303. [Mor 152]
    • Poliud. 13th Century. [Art VI 39; #350]
    • Pomil. 1031. [Mor 153]
  • Pod- : under
    • Podizlaus. 1274. [Mor 152]
    • Podnosov (Terentii Ivanov syn Podnosov). 1572. [RIB XIV 89]
  • Pre- : see Pere-
  • Pred- or Pered- : fore, before, in front of
    • Peredslava (Peredslava doch' Stopolcha). 1104. [Lav 280]
    • Predislav. 1150. [Mor 155]
    • Predpolk. 1267. [Mor 156]
  • Pri- : up to, against
    • Pribil. 1047. [Mor 157]
    • Pribislav. 1177. [Mor 157]
    • Primysl. 1273. [Mor 158]
  • Pro- : through, past, by
    • Prodan. 1254. [Mor 159]
    • Prozor (Prozor Drabovich, Mozyr' peasant). 1552. [Tup 323]
  • Protiv-: opposition, negation
    • Protiva. 1180. [Mor 159]
    • Protivek. 1226. [Mor 159]
    • Protivog. 1268. [Mor 159]
  • Ras- : see Raz-
  • Raz-, Ras-, Ros-, Roz- : 1) apart, scatter; 2) intense; 3) negation
    • Rasputa. 1560. [Mor 166]
    • Razvod. 1127. [Mor 164]
    • Rozmes (Stepanko Rozmes, peasant). 1495. [Tup 333]
  • Ros- : see Raz-
  • Roz- : see Raz-
  • S- or So- : 1) together, with; 2) away, off
    • Sbor. 1031. [Mor 172]
    • Smar. 1136. [Mor 180]
    • Sopach (Ivan Khodorovich Sopach). 1483. [Tup 368]
  • Sam-, Seb-, or Svo(i)- : oneself (reflexive particle)
    • Samodelka (Ofonasii Klement'ev syn Samodelka). 1605. [Tup 349]
    • Sebeslaus. 879. [Mor 175]
    • Svoislav. 1199. [Mor 173]
  • Se- or Sei- : this
    • Sebud'. 1223. [Mor 175]
    • Sedelnik (Fedko Sedelnik, peasant). 1495. [Tup 385]
    • Sezema. 1172. [Mor 176]
  • Seb- : see Sam-
  • Sei- : see Se-
  • So- : see S-
  • Sul-: 1) promise; 2) good
    • Sulesh (Sulesh Nevzorov syn Vynovskii). 1565. [Tup 379]
    • Sulislav. 1218. [Mor 189]
    • Sulivoi. 1181. [Mor 189]
  • Sve- : see Vse-
  • Svo- : see Sam-
  • Te- : see To-
  • To-, Te- or Toi- : that
    • Temir (Temir Vasil'ev syn Shipilov). 1585. [Tup 389]
    • Topor (serf). 1539. [Tup 397]
    • Toivod (Toivod Iduev). 15th Century. [Gra 309]
  • Toi- : see To-
  • Tret(ii)-, Tri-, or Troe-: three
    • Tret'iak (Mikhailo Tret'iak). 1566. [RIB XIV 71]
    • Trifonka (Trifonka Ivanov syn Voroshilov). 1646. [Tup 320]
    • Troekurov (Fedor Mikhailovich Troekurov). 1587. [RIB II 46]
  • Tri- : see Tret.
  • Troe- : see Tret.
  • U- : 1) away, off; 2) achieve
    • Umyl (Grigorii Umyl Borodin, Pskov boiar). 1474. [Tup 408]
    • Uneg. 1029. [Mor 197]
    • Urosh (Serbian king). 1139. [Mor 197]
  • Un-: better, best
    • Unebos. 1281. [Mor 197]
    • Unemysl. 1136. [Mor 197]
    • Unislav. 1304. [Mor 197]
  • Veche-, Veke-, Viache-, Viashch-, Viatsh-, or Viashte-: elderly
    • Vecheslov (Il'ia Vecheslov). 1608. [Mor 38]
    • Viachena. 1088. [Mor 55]
    • Vekenega. 1066. [Mor 55]
  • Veke- : see Veche-
  • Verkh- : top, upper, high
    • Verkhotrav (Ianko Verkhotrav, peasant). 1564. [Tup 84]
    • Verkhovod (Kurilo Verkhovod). Recorded in 1595. [Tup 84]
    • Verkhuslava. 1189. [Lav 407]
  • Viache- : see Veche-
  • Viashch- : see Veche-
  • Viashte- : see Veche-
  • Viatsh- : see Veche-
  • Vse- or Sve- : all
    • Sverad. 1052. [Mor 173]
    • Vsebor. 1086. [Mor 50]
    • Vseslav (son of Vriachislav Iziaslavich). 1044. [Tup 98]
  • Vys- or Vysh(e)- : high
    • Vyshemir. 1181. [Mor 53]
    • Vysheslav (son of Saint Vladimir). 980. [Tup 100]
    • Vysokoi (Stepan Vysokoi, Moscow monk). 1377. [Tup 99]
  • Vysh- : see Vys.
  • Vz- : 1) up, upward; 2) begin an action suddenly
    • Vzrad. 1228. [Mor 38]
    • Vzvoryka (in Moscow). 1483. [Tup 85]
  • Za- : 1) begin; 2) going beyond; 3) cover, block off; 4) action done in passing; 5) behind
    • Zabela (Mishuta Zabela Ondronov syn, serf). 1491. [Tup 154]
    • Zadora (Ivan Zadora, peasant). 1534. [Tup 155]
    • Zamen. 1088. [Mor 87]
  • Zda-(t'-) or Zde-: building, construction, creation
    • Zdan. 1031. [Mor 89]
    • Zdebor. 1186. [Mor 89]
    • Zderad. 1090. [Mor 89]
  • Zde-: see Zda.

Themes

Most names contain some sort of "base" theme as an element. Many contain more than one. Making a complete list of themes would be a formidable task. However, the following list is a reasonable attempt to list the most important examples and I can say, as Moroshin (1867: 89-90) wrote: "Of course, we cannot say that we have listed all the roots of personal slavic names (this would be too self-congratulatory and presumptuous), but we will permit ourselves to believe that the list of roots that were missed by us constitutes an insiginificant minority in comparison with the quantity of those which we did include." Of the known omitted cases, some are rare and occur in only a few cases, while others are simply nouns whose meaning are fairly straightforward and could be derived from a dictionary. These themes may appear like protothemes or like deuterothemes (at the beginning or end of a word or name) without any particular restrictions (beyond the consonant mutation described above).

  • Ba(i) or Va: tell, speak
    • Baiboroda (Oksentii Baiboroda). 1406. [Tup 36]
    • Balaka (Ivan Balaka Ondreev syn). 15th century. [Tup 38]
    • Valit. 14th-15th Centuries. [Art III 67; #130]
  • Bab(a or o): grandmother, old woman, pelican, cob
    • Babaiko (Babaiko Iudin, Pereiaslavl' fisherman). 1562. [Tup 33]
    • Kolibaba (Ivan Kolibaba, peasant). 1565. [Tup 189]
    • Kurbaba (Andrei Kurbaba). Recorded in 1565. [Tup 218]
  • Bach: see Bas.
  • Bad: see Bat.
  • Bag: see Bog.
  • Bak, Vak, Vakh, or Vats: wide, tall
    • Kilibaka (Avraamii Kilibaka, sexton). 1551. [Tup 177]
    • Spevak (Kirilo Spevak, peasant). 1631. [Tup 371]
    • Vatslav (Vatslav Kozika, courtier). Recorded in 1632. [Tup 187]
  • Bal or Val: spoil, indulge
    • Balagur (Iakush Balagur). 1495. [Tup 38]
    • Ogibalov (Ivashko Bulat Ogibalov). 1495. [Tup 68]
    • Zavalin (Ivan Mosiev Zavalin, judge). 1633. [RIB XIV 939]
  • Ban or Pan: citizen, lord
    • Balaban (Prokop Balaban). Recorded in 1565. [Tup 37-8]
    • Chelpanov (Piatoi Chelpanov). 1612. [RIB XIV 605]
    • Panulka (Panulka Obrosimov, peasant). 1539. [Tup 296]
  • Bar: noble, gentle, lord
    • Barak (commander). c1491. [Tup 39]
    • Chubar (Chubar Shishmarev, landowner). 1498. [Tup 430]
    • Khabar (serf). 1498. [Tup 413]
  • Baran: 1) sheep, ram, Aries; 2) known territory
    • Baran (Baran Pavlov, peasant). 1557. [Tup 39]
  • Bas, Bach, Bash: beauty, vain, seen
    • Artsybashev (Ondrei Artsybashev, scribe). 1599. [RIB XIV 827]
    • Basalai (servant of I. Shadrin). 1501. [Tup 41]
  • Bash: see Bas.
  • Bat, Bad, Pat, Bato, or Batia: priest, (spiritual) father
    • Batylo (Batylo Nazarovich, Ratnensk peasant). 1565. [Tup 42]
    • Kubata. 1181. [Mor 107]
    • Shchepata. 1115. [Mor 210]
  • Batia: see Bat.
  • Bato: see Bat.
  • Bazh: see Bog.
  • Bebr or Bobr: beaver
    • Bobrishch. 1594. [Mor 13]
  • Beg: 1) run; 2) plea, wish (same as in English!)
    • Beglets (peasant of the Bologoe parish). 1495. [Tup 75]
    • Olbeg (Olbeg Ratiborich'). 1095. [Tup 288]
    • Pribeg. 1591. [Mor 158]
  • Bel: white
    • Belakniginia. 1018. [Mor 10]
    • Skobel' (Fedko Skobel', peasant). 15th Century. [Tup 357]
    • Zabela (Mishuta Zabela Ondronov syn, serf). 1491. [Tup 154]
  • Bes: 1) devil, evil; 2) mad, fury, rage
    • Besomyka (Vasko Besomyka). 1495. [Tup 79]
  • Bit or Bits: beat, hit, strike
    • Bitomir. 1381. [Mor 12]
    • Krebitskii (Ostafii Krebitskii, lord). 1611-2. [RIB II 255]
  • Bits: see Bit.
  • Blag, Bleg, Blazh, or Blaz: good, healthy, light, blessed
    • Blagomil. 1248. [Mor 12]
  • Blaz: see Blag.
  • Blazh: see Blag.
  • Bleg: see Blag.
  • Blud or Plut: 1) mistake, error, cheat, sin; 2) roam, wander
    • Bludek. 1232. [Mor 13]
  • Bob: bean, seed
    • Bobruevich' (Mamets Bobruevich'). 1552. [Tup 243]
  • Bobr: see Bebr.
  • Bog(at), Bazh, Bag, or Bozh: 1) God, divinity; 2) riches, lavish
    • Bazhen (in the Vologod district). 1555. [Tup 34]
    • Bozhidar (Bozhidar Shetevik). 1368. [Mor 18]
    • Khvalibog (lord). 1611-2. [RIB II 264]
  • Boi(ch) or Bok: 1) fight, battle; 2) sharp
    • Boian. 1080s. [Art VII 125; #526]
    • Bok (trumpeter). c1550. [Tup 58]
  • Bok: see Boi.
  • Bol or Bon: pain, illness
    • Baibol (Baibol Dabambov, ambassador). 1623-8. [RIB II 460]
    • Boldan (Boldan Torokanov, boiar's son). 1605. [Tup 58]
    • Rybolov (Ivashko Rybolov, peasant). 1495. [Tup 344]
  • Bon: see Bol.
  • Bor: see Br.
  • Borod: see Brad.
  • Borz or Borzh: quick
    • Borzdukha (Grishka Borzdukha). Recorded in 1595. [Tup 60]
    • Volborzovich (Vasil' Volborzovich). 1268. [Mor 35]
  • Borzh: see Borz.
  • Bot: fat
    • Bot (Ivashko Bot, peasant). 1495. [Tup 63]
    • Chebotai (Chebotai Fedorovich Chelishchev). 1617. [Tup 422]
    • Sabota. 1088. [Mor 170]
  • Bozh: see Bog.
  • Br, Bor, Vr, Vor, Pr, or Por: take, slay, overcome
    • Brno. 1240. [Mor 27]
    • Chestibor. 1031. [Mor 206]
    • Prdota. 1115. [Mor 155]
  • Bra or Brav: swine, sheep, goat
    • Brail (Brail Tezalovik). 1427. [Mor 25]
    • Khabra. 1220. [Mor 199]
    • Nebracha. 1088. [Mor 135]
  • Brad or Borod: beard
    • Baiboroda (Oksentii Baiboroda). 1406. [Tup 36]
    • Beloborod (Oleshko Beloborod, Turin peasant). 1622. [Tup 76]
    • Bradatyi (Mika Bradatyi). 1208. [Mor 122]
  • Brat: brother
    • Bratomir. 1302. [Mor 26]
  • Brav: see Bra.
  • Bud: waken, excite
    • Budai (Stefan Budai Mikhailov syn Popov). 1555-6. [RIB XIV 60]
    • Dragobud. 1238. [Mor 77]
    • Khvalibud. 530. [Mor 199]
  • Bui []: indignation
    • Buinosov (Ivan Buinosov Rostovskoi). 1618. [RIB II 981]
  • Bui []: rage, storm, wild, violent
    • Buian. 1079. [Mor 31]
  • Buk: beauty
    • Bukal. 1147. [Mor 30]
    • Klobuk (Fedor Klobuk, landowner). 1465. [Tup 182]
  • Bur: speed
    • Baburka (Ivan Baburka, Minsk bailiff). 1592. [Tup 34]
    • Burdukin (Nekras Burdukin, peasant). 1556. [Tup 272]
    • Saburov (Semen Fedorovich Saburov). 1599-1600. [RIB II 152]
  • Byk or Vyk: habit, custom
    • Bavyka (landowner in the Moscow government). 1472. [Tup 34]
    • Bykut. 1057. [Mor 31]
  • Cha(iat') or Chak: foretell, hope
    • Chadobor. 942. [Mor 204]
    • Nechai (Mikita Oseev syn Nechai). 1551. [RIB XIV 50]
    • Kipchak (Ivashko Kipchak, peasant). 1495. [Tup 178]
  • Chab(a) or Chava: type of jackdaw (bird)
    • Chabon. 1115. [Mor 204]
    • Chava. 1115. [Mor 204]
  • Chach(ti): play with, stroke, treat gently
    • Chacha. 1088. [Mor 205]
  • Chad(a or o): child, infant
    • Chada. 1115. [Mor 204]
    • Chadek. 1052. [Mor 204]
  • Chak: see Cha.
  • Chakh or Chekh: Czech
    • Chekhoslav. 1305. [Mor 206]
  • Chan(a-): 1) wooden plate; 2) fat woman
    • Chan. 1057. [Mor 204]
    • Tverchan. 1250. [Mor 191]
  • Chap or Chep: hook
    • Chapinoga (Mikhailo Chapinoga). 15th Century. [Tup 421]
    • Pochepets (Ivan Grigor'ev syn Pochepets). 1639. [Tup 320]
  • Chas: hour
    • Chasnik. 1088. [Mor 205]
  • Chast: part, portion
    • Chastobor. 1075. [Mor 205]
  • Chast(yi): multiple, many
    • Chastolov. 1115. [Mor 205]
  • Chava: see Chab.
  • Chekh: see Chakh.
  • Chel(o-): head
    • Cheleg (Vinnitsa craftsman). 1552. [Tup 422]
  • Chep: see Chap.
  • Chern(yi): black
    • Chernoguz (Ivashko Chernoguz, peasant). 1495. [Tup 425]
  • Chert: devil
    • Chertoprud (Anisim Ivanov syn Chertoprud). 1633. [Tup 427]
  • Chest: honesty
    • Chestimir. 1107. [Mor 206]
    • Ubichest. 1087. [Mor 196]
  • Chik(a-): (male) cousin or patrilineal ancestor
    • Chikalo (Semen Chikalo). 1590. [Tup 430]
    • Prichik. 1403. [Mor 158]
    • Vyl'chik. 1461. [Mor 53]
  • Chil: strength, constitution
    • Chila. 1088. [Mor 207]
  • Chin or Pochin: flail, ineffectual (literally: small breast or nipple)
    • Machinevik. 1253. [Mor 121]
    • Panchino. 1252. [Mor 148]
  • Chir(yi): full, complete
    • Chir. 1239. [Mor 207]
  • Chud(yi): 1) other; 2) miracle; 3) inhabitant of Chuda
    • Chudobor. 970. [Mor 208]
  • Da(t- or ti-): give
    • Bogdan (Bogdan Liashkov'skii, lord). 1386. [RIB II 6]
    • Buzdai (Buzdai Cherevin, boiar's son). 1633. [Tup 67]
    • Dalebor. 1220. [Mor 67]
  • Debr: see Dub.
  • Ded: grandfather
    • Bezded. 1052. [Mor 9]
    • Dedlelets (boiar). 1175. [Tup 141]
  • Dei: actuality, existence
    • Berendei (Berendei Pimenovich). 1500. [Tup 47]
    • Deian. 1362. [Mor 82]
    • Egidei (Olferei Egidei, judge). 15th Century. [Tup 142]
  • Demon: demon, evil spirit
    • Demon'. 1330. [Mor 69]
  • Den: day
    • Denintsa. 1405. [Mor 69]
    • Kudenevich (Damian Kudenevich). 1148. [Mor 107]
    • Novaden' (Ivan Novaden', craftsman). 1552. [Tup 279]
  • Derevo: see Drevo.
  • Derzha(t'): 1) hold, support, have power; 2) state, government
    • Derzhislav (Derzhislav Abramovich). 1221. [Tup 127]
  • Des(a-): ten
    • Desen' (Desen' Borivoevik). 1248. [Mor 70]
  • Det: child
    • Detko. 1268. [Mor 81]
  • Dev: 1) maiden, virgin; 2) nine
    • Deva. 1239. [Mor 81]
    • Gurdeva. 1151. [Mor 66]
    • Kandeva. 1136. [Mor 97]
  • Dik(a-): 1) praise, pride; 2) wild, savage
    • Baidik (Fedka Baidik, Cherkasian landowner). 1552. [Tup 36]
    • Dikarev (Druganko Dikarev, stone mason). 1632. [RIB II 933]
    • Sudik. 1400. [Mor 189]
  • Dim: darkness
    • Dimut. 1046. [Mor 71]
    • Venedim (martyr). 13-14th Centuries. [Lev 43]
  • Din: breath
    • Dinara (tsaritsa from Iversk). Before 1553. [Kaz 444]
    • Spudinka (Andrei Spudinka, peasant). 1560. [Tup 371]
  • Div(a-): miracle, wonder, marvel
    • Divosh' (Divosh' Tiekhoradovik). 1332. [Mor 70-1]
    • Khodivoi. 1466. [Mor 200]
  • Dob(r): 1) moment; 2) good; 3) destiny, outcome
    • Dobrak. 1052. [Mor 72]
    • Nedobroi (Nedobroi Grigor'ev). 1558. [Tup 268]
  • Dod: great, wonder
    • Dod. 1293. [Mor 74]
  • Doi: milk
    • Doisen. 1138. [Mor 74]
    • Kazdoia (martyr). 14th Century. [Lev 6]
  • Dok: master
    • Dokuchai (Dokuchai Ivanov syn Vakhtin). 1602. [RIB XIV 536]
    • Miledok. c504. [Mor 123]
    • Prosdoka (martyr). 4th Century. [Buk 564]
  • Dol(g-): distant
    • Dolginka (Matsei Dolginka). Recorded in 1560. [Tup 130]
    • Pustodol (Bogdashko Ortemov syn Pustodol). 1610. [Tup 53]
    • Teodol (martyr). 3rd Century. [Buk 423]
  • Dorog(oi) or Drag or Drazh: dear, beloved
    • Didodrag'. 14th Century. [Mor 71]
    • Dorogomil. 1268. [Mor 76]
    • Podorozhnoi, Pskov scribe. 1534. [Tup 309]
  • Drag: see Dorog.
  • Drazh: see Dorog.
  • Drevo or Derevo: wood
    • Dereviaka (craftsman). Recorded in 1596. [Tup 126]
    • Kribodrevo (Bogdan' Kribodrevo). 1302. [Mor 14]
  • Drug(oi), Druk, or Druzh: 1) another; 2) friend
    • Bezdruk. 1052. [Mor 9]
    • Druzhina (Druzhina Petelin, scribe). Before 1147. [Gra 160]
    • Mstidrug. 1220. [Mor 131]
  • Druk: see Drug.
  • Druzh: see Drug.
  • Dub or Debr: dense, stupid
    • Debritskii (Bel'ko Debritskii, Mozyr' gunner). 1552. [Tup 76]
    • Dubakov (Chiudin Dubakov). 1618. [RIB XIV 329]
  • Dud(a-): whistle, pipe
    • Dudorov (Ivan Mikhailov syn Dudorov). 1572. [RIB XIV 90]
  • Dug: bow, arch
    • Dugan (Prokopei Konstiatinov syn Dugan). 1617. [RIB XII 42]
  • Dukh or Dusha: spirit, soul
    • Borzdukha (Grishka Borzdukha). Recorded in 1595. [Tup 60]
    • Dushatka (Dushatka Ivanov, peasant). 1539. [Tup 140]
    • Semidushnoi (Ianko Semidushnoi). 1648. [Tup 354]
  • Dum: 1) home; 2) thought
    • Duma (Matfeiko Duma, peasant). 1495. [Tup 139]
    • Kundum (Kundum Olad'in). First Half of the 16th Century. [Tup 217]
    • Skorodum (Ofonia Dmitreev syn Skorodum). 1580. [Tup 358]
  • Dun or Dunai: puff, breath
    • Dunai (governor). 1281. [Tup 139]
    • Gordunovets (Ivanets Gordunovets). 1552. [Tup 114]
    • Naidun (Grishko Naidun, Minsk peasant). 1598. [Tup 266]
  • Dunai: see Dun.
  • Dusha: see Dukh.
  • Dvor: court
    • Dvorianinov (Sotko Grigor'ev syn Dvorianinov, landowner). First Half of
      • 16th Century. [Tup 370]
    • Zadvornov (Pervoi Semenov syn Zadvornova). 1621. [Tup 299]
  • Elets: dace (fish)
    • Elets (Feodor Ivanovich' Elets). 1539. [Tup 142]
  • Elka: see El'.
  • El', Elka, or Iel: fir tree, Christmas/New Year's tree
    • Elbuzin (Sumorok Elbuzin). 1556. [Tup 380]
  • Ezer(o-) or Ozer(o-): lake
    • Ozerov (Ratai Briukhatovo syn Ozerov). 1565. [Tup 334]
  • Ezh: hedgehog
    • Ezh (Ezh Ob'chenovich). 1239. [Mor 82]
  • Frang or Frank: Western European
    • Franke (Franke Sor'gochevik). 1423. [Mor 199]
  • Frank: see Frang.
  • Gai or Khai: grove
    • Chiugai (Chiugai Ivanov syn). 1619. [RIB XIV 865]
    • Gaiduk (Tomilko Gaiduk, cossack). 1614. [Tup 394]
    • Nagai (Vasilii Nagai Khlopov). 1601. [Tup 265]
  • Gal: desire, crave
    • Galichanin (Tudor Galichanin). 1159. [Mor 57]
    • Ikagala (Ikagala Krivets). Second Half of 14th Century. [Art V 104; #278]
    • Rokgala (Stetsko Rokgala). Recorded in 1561. [Tup 336]
  • Gast: see Gost.
  • Gavran: see Voron.
  • Gin: see Gyn.
  • Glad or Golod: 1) easy; 2) hunger
    • Gladkoi (Ivan Ivanov syn Gladkoi). 1538-9. [RIB II 773]
    • Golodnoi (Ivan Golodnoi). 1539. [Tup 111]
  • Glas or Golos: voice
    • Golostelov (Tomilo Grigor'ev syn Golostelov). 1585. [Tup 394]
  • Glav or Golova: head, chief
    • Golova (Ivan Golova). Beginning of 14th Century. [Gra 318]
  • Glaz: eye
    • Glazynia (Prince Olekhno Glazynia). 1495. [Tup 1052]
    • Neglaz. 1136. [Mor 135]
  • Gleb: bread (obs)
    • Gleb (Gleb Sviatoslavich). 11th Century. [Art I 45]
  • Gliad: look, glance
    • Gliadei (Fofan Gliadei, Minsk scribe). 1615. [Tup 107]
  • Glukh: deaf
    • Glukhoi (Ivan Ignat'evich Glukhoi, governor). 1468. [Tup 106]
  • Glup: stupid, babble
    • Glupysh (Ivashko Glupysh, peasant). 1498. [Tup 106]
  • Gna, Gon, or Khon: hurry, compulsion
    • Gondelik (Iakota Gondelik). 1513. [Mor 212]
    • Trakhoniotov (Mikifor Vasil'evich Trakhoniotov). 1594. [RIB II 101]
    • Tukhon (martyr). 13-14th Centuries. [Lev 47]
  • Gnev: anger, rage, wrath
    • Gnevash (Ivan-Gnevash Dmitriev syn Posel'skikh). 1592. [RIB XIV 138]
    • Liutognev. 1055. [Mor 116]
    • Mztignev. 1144. [Mor 131]
  • God: year
    • Bezgodov (Ivan Semenov syn Bezgodov). 1618. [RIB XIV 272]
    • Godava. 1238. [Mor 59]
    • Neugod (Neugod Fedorov syn Iur'eva). 1565. [Tup 275]
  • Gogol: golden-eye (duck)
    • Gogol' (Ievik Gogol', peasant). 1495. [Tup 108]
  • Goi: defiant exclamation, hail
    • Goimir. 850. [Mor 60]
    • Nagoi (Ivan Grigor'ev Nagoi). 1594. [RIB II 104]
    • Ubogoi (Sofon Ubogoi, Minsk craftsman). 1579. [Tup 407]
  • Gol: naked
    • Golindukha (martyr). 13-14th Centuries. [Lev 51]
    • Shchegol' (serf). 1539. [Tup 453]
    • Shigolov (Fedor Mikhailov syn Shigolov). 1623-4. [RIB II 627]
  • Golod: see Glad.
  • Golos: see Glas.
  • Golova: see Glav.
  • Golub: pigeon
    • Goluba (Ofim'ia Semenova doch', nicknamed Goluba). 1598. [Tup 460]
  • Gomz(a-): plenty, cornucopia
    • Gomziak (Gomziak Kutukov, peasant). 1518. [Tup 113]
  • Gon: see Gna.
  • Gonostar: see Gornostai.
  • Gor(k): 1) grief, woe; 2) burn, heat; 3) bitter
    • Gorkun (Fedko Gorkun, peasant). 1495. [Tup 114]
    • Kolmogor (Bogdan Kolmogor, cossack). 1609. [Tup 53]
    • Prosegor. 870. [Mor 159]
  • Gorb: hunchback, hump, bump
    • Gorbatoi (Petr Gorbatoi). 1585-6. [RIB II 292]
  • Gord: proud
    • Gordebor. 1107. [Mor 61]
  • Gorlits(a-): turtle-dove
    • Gorlitsa (Gorlitsa Veletskyi). 1421. [Tup 115]
  • Gornostai, Gornostal, or Gonostar: ermine
    • Gornostai (serf). 1495. [Tup 115]
  • Gornostal: see Gornostai.
  • Gorod or Grad: city
    • Gorodila. First Half of 12th Century. [Art VII 146; SR #5]
    • Nagrad. 1234. [Mor 133]
    • Radigrad. 970. [Mor 162]
  • Gost or Gast: guest
    • Androgast (leader of the Slavs). 583. [Mor 3]
    • Gostimira. 1222. [Mor 63]
    • Radogost'. 1120. [Mor 163]
  • Govor: speech, talk
    • Govorish. 1225. [Mor 59]
    • Nesgovorka (Nesgovorka Grigor'ev). 1649. [Tup 275]
  • Grab: take, steal
    • Grabarov (Belko Pavlovich Grabarov syn, peasant). Recorded in 1618.
      • [Tup 76]
  • Grach: rook (bird)
    • Grachko (Kirilo Grachko). Recorded in 1565. [Tup 118]
  • Grad: see Gorod.
  • Grid: bodyguard
    • Gridata. 1055. [Mor 64]
  • Grim: make-up, decoration
    • Grimislav. 1253. [Mor 64]
  • Grom or Gron: loud, thunder
    • Grom (Dolmat Grom, craftsman). 1545. [Tup 119]
  • Groma(da- or za-): mass, huge, enormous
    • Gromadka. 1420. [Mor 65]
  • Gron: see Grom.
  • Groz: 1) terror, fear; 2) storm
    • Groznata. 1088. [Mor 65]
  • Grub: rude, uncultured, vulgar
    • Gruban. 1428. [Mor 65]
  • Grud: 1) breast; 2) quantity, heap, pile
    • Grudtsyn (Druzhina Dmitriev Grudtsyn). 1629. [Tup 136]
  • Gub(a-): lip
    • Gubar (Gubar Igant'ev syn). 1572. [RIB XIV 87]
    • Lizogub (Klim Lizogub, Zaporozh'e cossack). 1648. [Tup 226]
    • Salogub (Iur'i Salogub, landowner). 1554. [Tup 348]
  • Gud(a-): 1) hum, drone; 2) hoot
    • Gudimir. 1018. [Mor 66]
    • Peregud (Mikhailo Peregud, landowner). 1609. [Tup 300]
  • Gugn: tongue-tied, stammer
    • Gugnia (Fedko Gugnia, strelets). 1649. [Tup 122]
  • Gul(iat'): stroll
    • Guliai, serf. 1539. [Tup 123]
    • Negul. 1631. [Mor 140]
  • Gul(k): rumble, hum
    • Ulgul. 1623-8. [RIB II 450]
    • Zhegulia (Zhegulia Dorofeev, peasant). 1539. [Tup 147]
  • Gun(a- or ia-): shirt
    • Gundor (Ivan Gundor, Moscow governor). 1496. [Tup 123]
    • Mel'gunov (Budai Mel'gunov). 16th century. [Tup 67]
  • Gus or Guz: goose
    • Chernoguz (Ivashko Chernoguz, peasant). 1495. [Tup 425]
    • Gusak (Stepa Gusak, peasant). Recorded in 1618. [Tup 123]
  • Guz: see Gus.
  • Gvozd: 1) nail, tack; 2) strong
    • Gvozd' (Mikifor Gvozd'). 1491. [Tup 103]
  • Gyn or Gin: young
    • Gyneth. 1413. [Mor 58]
  • Iabl(on'): apple tree
    • Iablanik (Pavel Iablanik). 1382. [Mor 211]
  • Iagel: see Iagl.
  • Iagl(a) or Iagel: reindeer moss
    • Iaglin (Filka Iaglin). 1646. [RIB XII 249]
  • Iagod(a): berry
    • Iagoda (Ivashko Iagoda, peasant). 1495. [Tup 457]
  • Iak: strong, hard, able
    • Iaket (Iaket Gundulich). 1461. [Mor 212]
  • Iar(yi): light, bright, alive
    • Iarognev. 1049. [Mor 212]
  • Iel: see El'.
  • Im(at' or et'): have, acquire
    • Imram. 1399. [Mor 94]
  • In(o-): other, different
    • Inokhodets (Ivan Inokhodets). Recorded in 1565. [Tup 167]
  • Iskr(a-): flame
    • Iskretsov. 1606. [RIB XII 143]
  • Ist: true, exact
    • Istlen'e (Ivan Istlen'e, servant). 1433. [Tup 167]
  • Istok: source
    • Istok (Istok Bolotov). 1546. [Tup 167]
  • Istom(a-): exhaustion, languor
    • Istoma (Onan'ia Istoma, clerk). 14th-15th Centuries. [Gra 183]
  • Iug: 1) midday; 2) south
    • Iugrin (Oleshko Iugrin, hunter). 1622. [Tup 456]
    • Iziugildei (Iziugildei Utiugenev syn). 1623-4. [RIB II 609]
  • Iun(yi): young, inexperienced
    • Iundil (Iundil Iatviag). 1259. [Mor 211]
  • Iur(ii): 1) youthful, lively; 2) derived from the Christian name Georgii
    • Iuraga (Benedikt Iuraga, judge). 1560. [Tup 456]
  • Izbor: election, selection
    • Izborianin (Pukh Izborianin). 1407. [Tup 327]
  • Izmaragd: emerald
    • Izmaragd. 12th Century. [Tup 28]
  • Kab(a-) or Kav(a-): stake
    • Kabak (Pakhomko Kabak, peasant). 1495. [Tup 170]
  • Kai: repent
    • Iurukai. 1623-8. [RIB II 473]
    • Kaidal (Fedka Ivanov syn Kaidal, scribe). 1551. [Tup 171]
    • Pochekai (Fedka Pochekai, cossack). 1623. [Tup 320]
  • Kal: dirt
    • Kaliman. 13th Century. [Mor 97]
    • Khukalo (Mikhal Khukalo, Vinnitsa craftsman). 1552. [Tup 419]
    • Leskalov (Evan Luskalov). 1419-20. [Gra 289]
  • Kalin(a-): guelder rose
    • Kalina (Kalina Iakovlev, tax-collector). 1571. [Tup 171]
  • Kar(a-): punishment
    • Karamysh (Karamysh Matfeev, warden). 1558. [Tup 174]
    • Kochkar (Cheringov boiar). 1180. [Mor 104]
    • Shkara (Ivashko Shkara). 1648. [Tup 447]
  • Kav: see Kab.
  • Kaz(a-): demonstration, appearance
    • Kazatul (Kazatul Ivanov syn Skobel'tsyn). 1556. [Tup 171]
  • Khabr: hard
    • Khabrek. 1251. [Mor 199]
  • Khai: see Gai.
  • Kher(a- or o-): inhabitant of Hercegovinia
    • Kheron (Ivan Petrovich Kheron, governor). 1571. [Tup 414]
    • Pul'kheriia (empress). 4th Century. [Buk 517]
  • Khlan: servant
    • Khlanovik (Shchitko Khlanovik). 1333. [Mor 210]
  • Khmel: hops
    • Khmelev (Mikifor Khmelev). 1476. [Mor 200]
  • Khod: step, foot
    • Inokhodets (Ivan Inokhodets). Recorded in 1565. [Tup 167]
    • Khodets (Mitro Khodets, peasant). 1495. [Tup 415]
    • Nakhod. 1293. [Mor 134]
  • Khon: see Gna.
  • Khorob: see Khrob.
  • Khorvat: Croatian, Croat
    • Khorvat. 449. [Mor 201]
  • Khot: wish, desire, want
    • Khotebor. 1196. [Mor 201]
    • Markhotka (Prokop Markhotka, landowner). 1583. [Tup 244]
    • Okhota (Okhota Savin, peasant). 1539. [Tup 294]
  • Khrab(ryi): strong, masculine
    • Khrabra. 1220. [Mor 199]
  • Khran(o or it'): 1) nourish; 2) save
    • Khrandruzhik (Khrela Khrandruzhik). 1249. [Mor 202]
  • Khrap: rough, uneven
    • Khrapa. 1088. [Mor 202]
  • Khrel: good, healthy, clean
    • Khrel. 1254. [Mor 202]
  • Khren: horseradish
    • Khren. 1130. [Mor 203]
  • Khrob or Khorob: brave
    • Khorobrit. 1248. [Tup 416]
  • Khrom: limp, lame
    • Khromonogoi (Ivan Vasil'evich syn Khromonogoi). 1584. [Tup 418]
  • Khrs: see Khrus.
  • Khrus or Khrs: fragile, brittle
    • Khrusnitskii (Ondrei Khrusnitskii). 1611-2. [RIB II 230]
  • Khruv or Khrv: noisily strike
    • Khr'vatin. 1293-1302. [Mor 203]
  • Khrv: see Khruv.
  • Khud: bad, evil
    • Khudashka (Khudashka Pridashin syn Mart'ianov). 1634. [RIB XIV 716]
  • Khval or Pokhval: approve, praise, thank
    • Bogukhval (Bogukhval Dmitrievich). Recorded in 1510. [Tup 57]
    • Khvalibog. 1611-2. [RIB II 264]
    • Pokhval. 1431. [Mor 155]
  • Ki: see Ky.
  • Klen: maple
    • Klen. 1107. [Mor 99]
  • Klim(ati-): shake, rattle
    • Klim (Klim Shchekarov). Second Half of 14th Century. [Art V 87; #260]
  • Kni(az) or Kniazh: prince(ss)
    • Belakniginia. 1018. [Mor 10]
    • Knizhebaev (Kashaika Knizhebaev). 1623-4. [RIB II 623]
  • Kniazh: see Kniaz.
  • Kobyl: mare
    • Kobyla (Andrei Kobyla, Moscow boiar). 1347. [Tup 184]
  • Koi: that
    • Koilov (Tolochko Onotskovich' syn Koilov). 1536. [Tup 393]
  • Kokh: love
    • Kokh (Kokh Vasil' Volodkovich). 1633. [Tup 203]
  • Kol: sting, stab
    • Kolbints (Oleksa Kolbints). First Half of 14th Century. [Art VI 90; #389]
    • Koukol. 1312. [Mor 103]
    • Okol (Okol Koriaka). 1505. [Tup 201]
  • Komon: see Kon'.
  • Kon(ets): end, finish
    • Kondyrev (Dobrynia Mikhailov syn Kondyrev). 1563. [Tup 129]
    • Mlogikon. 1274. [Mor 128]
  • Kon' or Komon: steed, ride
    • Kon' (icon painter in Moscow). 1482. [Tup 193]
  • Kos(a-): plait, braid
    • Kosachik (Drgash Kosachik). 1373. [Mor 76]
    • Latskositsch. 1397. [Mor 110]
  • Koshut(a-): goat
    • Koshuta. 1500. [Tup 205]
  • Kostr: sharp, dry, bony
    • Kostrov (Mamysh Zherebtsov syn Kostrova). 1495. [Tup 244]
  • Kovyl: feather grass
    • Kovyl' (Kovyl' Ofonas'ev, peasant). 1557. [Tup 185]
  • Koz(a or el): goat
    • Kozeiko. Recorded in 1552. [Tup 187]
  • Kra(i) or Pokra(i-): area, land
    • Chuzhekrai. 1206. [Mor 208]
    • Derzhikrai (Derzhikrai Volodislavlich). 1223. [Tup 127]
    • Kraichen' (Ivan Kraichen'). Recorded in 1629. [Tup 205]
  • Krak or Krok: bush, shrubbery
    • Krakra. c1002. [Mor 104]
  • Kral: ruler
    • Kralena. 1355. [Mor 104]
  • Kras: beauty
    • Krasek. 1440. [Mor 104]
    • Nekras. Second Half of 13th Century. [Art V 38; #218]
    • Okras. 1136. [Mor 142]
  • Krik: shout
    • Krik (Krik Zukov syn Tyrtov, courtier). 1566. [Tup 210]
  • Kriv: curve, circular
    • Krivosheia (Senka Krivosheia Iakovlii syn Ogibalov). 1495. [Tup 209]
  • Krok: see Krak.
  • Krun: 1) crown; 2) cow
    • Krunevichovna (Lady Oksin'ia Krunevichovna). 1592. [Tup 38]
  • Ku(i): hammer, forge
    • Goshkui (Goshkui Zhiriatinich). After 1359. [Gra 163]
    • Kubei (Kubei Murat, tsarevich). 1601. [RIB II 281]
  • Kun(a-): marten (mammal)
    • Bakun (Bakun Tverdislavich). 1354. [Tup 37]
    • Kunata. 1394. [Mor 108]
  • Kup: 1) bush; 2) purchase
    • Kupin (Shchetina Kupin, landowner). 1610. [Tup 455]
    • Prikupovich. 1209. [Mor 158]
    • Skupoi (Filat Skupoi). 15th Century. [Tup 360]
  • Kur(a-): chicken
    • Kurbaba (Andrei Kurbaba). Recorded in 1565. [Tup 218]
    • Proskuriak (Ogeiko Proskuriak). 1613. [RIB XIV 610]
    • Shchokur (Ivashko Shchokur, peasant). 1495. [Tup 455]
  • Kvas: kvas (drink), sour, ferment
    • Kvasena. 1088. [Mor 98]
  • Ky(i-) or Ki(i-): stick
    • Kyge. 1336-1347. [Mor 109]
  • Lab or Leb: white
    • Labkovich (Filip Labkovich). 16th Century. [Mor 109]
    • Lebed' (Ivashko Lebed', peasant). 1495. [Tup 225]
  • Lach: see Lak.
  • Lad(a-): order, soundness
    • Ladimir. 1197. [Mor 109]
    • Paladin (Paladin Lukar'evich). 1461. [Mor 113]
    • Sviolad. 12th Century. [Mor 173]
  • Lak or Lach(at'): hunger, thirst
    • Balaka (Ivan Balaka Ondreev syn). 15th century. [Tup 38]
    • Lakogin (Oleksei Lakogin, craftsman). 1552. [Tup 240]
  • Lal(a-): tulip
    • Lala. 1293. [Mor 110]
  • Lavr: 1) light wind; 2) bay tree, laurel
    • Lavrin (Lavrin Voina, scribe in Lublin). 1566. [Tup 89]
  • Laz(a-): fallow
    • Lazuta (Novgorod boiar). 1359. [Tup 223]
  • Leb: see Lab.
  • Lek: 1) fear; 2) cure
    • Kawalek. 1440. [Mor 96]
    • Lekar' (Fedko Lekar', peasant). 1539. [Tup 235]
    • Sedlek. 1176. [Mor 176]
  • Lel(ia-): (children's plaything)
    • Lelek. 1203. [Mor 111]
  • Lep(yi): polite, kind, pleasant
    • Krasnolepov (Nekliudets Mordvinov syn Krasnolepova, landowner). 1500.
      • [Tup 270]
    • Lepekh (Opanas Lepekh, Mozyr' craftsman). 1552. [Tup 226]
    • Nelep (Nelep Skrobovich', peasant). 1565. [Tup 272]
  • Lest: 1) cunning; 2) love, tenderness
    • Lestvitsa. 1136. [Mor 111]
  • Lev: 1) lion; 2) left
    • Levash. 1505-11. [Tup 235]
  • Likh: evil, unequal, unhappy
    • Likhach. 1161. [Tup 228]
  • Likho: good, skillful
    • Likholist (Andrei Likholist, craftsman). 1552. [Tup 228]
  • Lits(e-): view
    • Ratlits. 1245. [Mor 166]
  • Liub: love
    • Iaroliub. 1053. [Mor 213]
    • Liubimir. 1130. [Mor 114]
    • Preliub (Preliub Ugod'chik). 1336. [Mor 196]
  • Liud or Poliud: people
    • Dolzhivliudkovich' (Dolzhivliudkovich' Telitsa, monk). Recorded in 1628.
      • [Tup 389]
    • Liudemuslus. 829. [Mor 115]
  • Liut: strong, hard
    • Liutobor. 1107. [Mor 116]
    • Preliut. 1031. [Mor 156]
    • Zdiliut. 1181. [Mor 90]
  • Lobod(a-): swan (c.p. Lab)
    • Loboda. 1597. [Tup 229]
  • Lov(it'): hunt, fish, gather
    • Lovanta. 1136. [Mor 112]
  • Loz(a-): vine
    • Loza. 1507. [Tup 230]
  • Lug: meadow, swamp
    • Koselug. 1088. [Mor 101]
    • Lugben (Simeon Lugben). 1386. [Mor 113]
  • Luk: onion
    • Lukan. 1253. [Mor 113]
    • Svinoluk (Stepashko Svinoluk, peasant). Beginning of the 17th Century.
      • [Tup 350]
  • Lys: bald
    • Lysyi (Ivashko Lysyi, serf). 1495. [Tup 234]
  • Makh(at'): shake, move
    • Kallimakh (martyr). 4th Century. [Buk 237]
    • Lisimakh (martyr). 4th Century. [Buk 140]
    • Makhnik (Makhnik Chancow, peasant). 1563. [Tup 245]
  • Mal: weak, short
    • Malbuga (Malbuga Ondreev syn Lazoreva, landowner). 1552. [Tup 240]
  • Malin(a-): strawberry
    • Malina (Kuzemka Malina, peasant). 1498. [Tup 241]
  • Man(it'): attract, lure, beckon (implying, in all cases, to mislead)
    • Dragoman. 1368. [Mor 77]
    • Kouman'. 1222. [Mor 103]
    • Manak (Manak Mitliaev). Before 1556. [Tup 244]
  • Mar: destruction
    • Kamaret. 1431. [Mor 97]
    • Marakushev (Baush Afanas'evich Marakushev). 1614. [Tup 42]
    • Moymar. 824. [Mor 129]
  • Margarit or Zhemchug: pearl
    • Margarit (Margarit Stilevik). 1253. [Mor 119]
  • Mat(er or i-): mother
    • Bakhmat (Bakhmat Timofeev syn Mitkova, boiar trustee). c1581. [Tup 42]
    • Kosmata. 1222. [Mor 103]
    • Materna. 1425. [Mor 120]
  • Mavr: black
    • Mavrozhtik. 1332. [Mor 117]
  • Mech: knife, sword, blade
    • Mechislav. 965. [Mor 122]
    • Rozmechich (Bakhta Rozmechich, Cherkasian craftsman). 1552. [Tup 42]
  • Med: honey
    • Medenka (Vasilii Medenka, craftsman). 1583. [Tup 263]
  • Mekh or Mesh: disturb
    • Mekh (Mikiforik Mekh, peasant). 1495. [Tup 263]
  • Men('shii or 'shei): small, minority
    • Menshak, serf. 1500. [Tup 247]
    • Urmen' (Urmen' Iur'ev syn Shablykina, boiar's son). 1539. [Tup 410]
  • Mer(a-): means, ability, limits
    • Meretek (Meretek Shokov, courtier). 1577. [Tup 249]
    • Taitemeri. 1318-9. [Gra 26]
  • Mesh: see Mekh.
  • Mest: 1) vengeance, revenge; 2) place, location
    • Mestiata. 12th Century. [Art VII 31; #422]
    • Namest. 14th Century. [Art I 23-4; #2]
  • Mg: see Mig.
  • Miag(kii) or Miak(kii): soft
    • Khomiak (serf). 1500. [Tup 416]
    • Miakish. 1448-68. [RIB II 25]
    • Permiak (Karpik Permiak, peasant). 1629. [Tup 302]
  • Miak: see Miag.
  • Mig(at') or Mg: 1) blink; 2) brief moment
    • Migacha (Bubona Migacha). 1254. [Mor 28]
  • Mil or Smil: dear, beloved
    • Bogomil (Bogomil Putilov). 1612. [Tup 56]
    • Dobromil. 1092. [Mor 73]
    • Milgost. 1055. [Mor 122]
  • Mir: 1) peace; 2) land, earth
    • Ladimir. 1197. [Mor 109]
    • Mirognev. 1173. [Mor 126]
    • Predimir. 1036. [Mor 155]
  • Mlad: youth, young
    • Mladen. 1322. [Mor 128]
  • Mn(iu) or Pomnen: thought
    • Mnislav. 1031. [Mor 128]
  • Mol(it'): prayer
    • Iarmola (Iarmola Bugai). 1539. [Tup 66]
    • Molibog. 1170. [Mor 129]
    • Rymola (peasant). 1500. [Tup 345]
  • Mom: young
    • Momchil. 1383. [Mor 129]
  • Mor: dark blue
    • Ikmor (Russian governor). 971. [Mor 94]
    • Moramash (Moramash Norchich, peasant). 1552. [Tup 255]
  • Moroz or Mraz: ice, cold
    • Moroz (Moroz Kozmin syn). 1587. [RIB XIV 807]
  • Mrak: dark
    • Mrakota. 1195. [Mor 130]
  • Mraz: see Moroz.
  • Mu(kha-): toadstool
    • Mukhin (Iurii Mukhin, patriarch clerk). 1589. [RIB II 316]
  • Mudr: reason, sobriety
    • Vel'mudr. 907. [Mor 36]
  • Mut(it'): disturb
    • Balamut (Fedor Balamut). 15th Century. [Gra 262]
    • Bitmut (Bitmut, grandson of Urliuk). 1623-8. [RIB II 473]
    • Mutimir. 875. [Mor 131]
  • Muzh: man, husband
    • Dragomuzh. 1018. [Mor 77]
    • Kakmuzh (Kakmuzh Odran'chik). 1249. [Mor 97]
    • Muzhedrag. 1243. [Mor 131]
  • Mysl: idea, thought, opinion
    • Myslibor. 1457. [Mor 132]
    • Nemysl. 837. [Mor 137]
    • Unemysl. 1136. [Mor 197]
  • Nach(a): beginning, start
    • Kornach (Gavrilko Kornach, peasant). 1500. [Tup 197]
    • Nachimir. 1228. [Mor 135]
  • Nag(oi): naked, bare
    • Nagoi (Ivan Grigor'ev Nagoi). 1594. [RIB II 104]
  • Naid: obtain, achieve
    • Naidun (Grishko Naidun, Minsk peasant). 1598. [Tup 266]
  • Nak(a- or o-): backwards
    • Nakovitz. 1214. [Mor 133]
    • Rynakov (Efim Vasil'ev syn Rynakov). 1579. [RIB XIV 117-8]
    • Trnak. 1088. [Mor 194]
  • Nakh or Nash: insolent, impudent
    • Nakhod. 1293. [Mor 134]
  • Nan(a-) or Nen(a-): mother, nanny
    • Nanul. 1437. [Mor 134]
  • Narozh or Narush: reddish, rosy
    • Narushko (Mikhailo Narushko). 1601. [Tup 267]
  • Narush: see Narozh.
  • Nash: see Nakh.
  • Necha(i): unexpected
    • Nechai (Mikita Oseev syn Nechai). 1551. [RIB XIV 50]
  • Neg(a-): soft
    • Chvr'nega. 1222. [Mor 205]
    • Miloneg (Novgorod captain). 1177. [Tup 251]
    • Negomir. 1253. [Mor 140]
  • Nem: dumb (incapable of speech)
    • Nemeikshevich' (Dobko Nemeikshevich'). 1554. [Tup 128]
  • Neman: impotent, incapable
    • Neman. 1234. [Mor 137]
  • Nen: see Nan.
  • Nerad: careless, remiss
    • Nerad. 1222. [Mor 137]
  • Nes: see Nos.
  • Net: burn
    • Netmir. 1239. [Mor 140]
  • Netk(a-): badly woven
    • Netka. 1235. [Mor 140]
  • Nin: other, stranger
    • Ninek. 1031. [Mor 139]
  • Nos or Nes: 1) bear, carry; 2) nose
    • Krivonos (Mikhailo Iur'evich Krivonos). 1536. [Tup 209]
    • Noszal (peasant). 1564. [Tup 281]
    • Podnosov (Terentii Ivanov syn Podnosov). 1572. [RIB XIV 89]
  • Nov: new
    • Novaden' (Ivan Novaden', craftsman). 1552. [Tup 279]
  • Nud or Nut(it): catch
    • Egnut'ev (Zloba Egnut'ev, landowner). 1539. [Tup 161]
    • Nutil. 1143. [Mor 139]
    • Sirnut. 1279. [Mor 178]
  • Nut: see Nud.
  • Ob(lez, lezh, or lesh): 1) shabby, mangy; 2) coming out, appearance
    • Oblesh. 1226. [Mor 141]
  • Obel or Obil: plenty, abundance
    • Obel. 1269. [Mor 141]
  • Obezd: see Obi.
  • Obi(d) or Obezd: avoid, go around
    • Obiden. Second Half of 13th Century. [Art VI 37; #348]
  • Obil: see Obel.
  • Oblak(a): cloud
    • Oblak (Radosav Oblak). 15th Century. [Mor 141]
  • Obrad or Obrat: reverse, turn
    • Obrad'ts. 1330. [Mor 141]
  • Obran: 1) cut; 2) defend
    • Obran. 1088. [Mor 141]
  • Obrat: see Obrad.
  • Odin or Odno: one
    • Odinets (Odinets Timofei). Prior to 1459. [Tup 286]
  • Odno: see Odin.
  • Odol: overcome, grow strong
    • Odolba (Petr Nemovo Odolba). 1538. [Tup 286]
  • Ogn: flame, ignition
    • Ognev (Botash Sheremetev syn Ogneva). c1571. [Tup 62]
  • Ole(i-): oil, fat
    • Oleshtena (Galician boiar). 1153. [Mor 143]
  • Ol'kha: see Ol'sha.
  • Ol'sha or Ol'kha: alder (tree)
    • Ol'shanits'k'i (Mikhailo Kostian'tinovich Ol'shanits'k'i). 1403. [RIB II 17]
  • Opor or Opr: opposition, reflection
    • Opranin (Oleksandr Denisov syn Opranin). 1623-4. [RIB II 616-7]
  • Opr: see Opor.
  • Orash or Oresh: nut, walnut
    • Orash. 1057. [Mor 144]
  • Orel: eagle
    • Orel (Mikula Orel, peasant). 1495. [Tup 291]
  • Oresh: see Orash.
  • Osel: donkey, ass
    • Osel. 1183. [Mor 144]
  • Osob(ei): special
    • Osobei. 1181. [Mor 145]
  • Osto(i-): staying put
    • Ostoi. 1078. [Mor 145]
  • Ostr(yi): sour, hot, keen
    • Ostrokhvost (Fedot Sidorov Ostrokhvost). Mid 15th Century. [Gra 211]
  • Ot(a-): father (not to be confused with the Ot- prototheme)
    • Otaslav. 1193. [Mor 145]
  • Otmar: darken
    • Otmar. 1177. [Mor 146]
  • Otnia: amputate, take away
    • Otnia. 1448-68. [RIB II 25]
  • Otrok: son, slave, servant
    • Otrok. 1203. [Mor 146]
  • Ov: goat
    • Ovchina (Vasko Ovchina, landowner). c1500. [Tup 285]
  • Ozer: see Ezer.
  • Ozor or Zret': examine
    • Ozornoi (Ozornoi Rodionovov). 1620. [RIB XIV 643]
  • Pab(ek, esh, or a-): grandmother
    • Pabesh. 1167. [Mor 146]
  • Pach: see Pak.
  • Pak(i-) or Pach(e-): again, repeat
    • Klepach (Inets Voitovich Klepach). Second Half of 15th Century.
      • [Tup 181]
    • Kolpak (Kolpak Ivashkov syn Starostin). 15th Century. [Tup 190]
    • Pakoslav. 1239. [Mor 147]
  • Pakh(a-): breath, scent
    • Pakhoruk (Demko Titov syn Pakhoruk, servant). 1644. [Tup 297]
  • Pal(ets): finger
    • Palmuta (Niksha Palmuta). 1487. [Mor 147]
    • Shpalek. 1415. [Mor 209]
    • Tsapal. 1458. [Mor 203]
  • Pan: see Ban.
  • Par(a): pair
    • Kashpar. 1440. [Mor 98]
    • Pardush. 1209. [Mor 148]
    • Sukhopar (Anton Sukhopar, craftsman). 1565. [Tup 383]
  • Pas: 1) tend, herd, pasture; 2) store, supply; 3) feed
    • Paseka (Grinets Paseka, Vinnitsa craftsman). 1552. [Tup 297]
    • Svinopas (Grisha Terent'ev syn Svinopas). 1629. [Tup 350]
  • Pat: see Bat.
  • Paun: see Pav.
  • Pav(a-) or Paun: belonging to Paul
    • Pavlimir. 948. [Mor 146]
  • Pchel(a): bee
    • Pchelka (Iakov Pchelka, craftsman). 1643. [Tup 328]
  • Pek(a-): indulgence, love
    • Likhopek (Sen'ko Likhopek, craftsman). 1563. [Tup 228]
    • Pekucha (Bogdan Iakimovich Pekucha). 1597. [Tup 52]
    • Shupek. 1088. [Mor 210]
  • Pekh or Pesh: foot
    • Dupekh. No later than 16th Century. [Tup 139]
    • Pekhar'. 1239. [Mor 151]
  • Pen(a-): foam
    • Peniuga (Onisim Peniuga). 1495. [Tup 298]
    • Telepen' (Semeiko Telepen', strelets). 1622. [Tup 389]
    • Uspenskoi (Durashko Uspenskoi). 1609. [Tup 139]
  • Per(u-): hit, strike
    • Kasper. 1457. [Mor 98]
    • Perdun (Steshko Perdun, peasant). 1495. [Tup 300]
  • Perv(oi): first
    • Pervoi (Pervoi Terent'ev). 1573. [RIB II 85]
  • Pesh: see Pekh.
  • Pi(vo)t': beer, drink
    • Krapiva (Semen Dmitreevich Krapiva). 1368. [Tup 205]
    • Nepitushchoi (Roman Nepitushchoi). Recorded in 1577. [Tup 274]
    • Pivovar (Ivan Pivovar). 1601. [Tup 303]
  • Piat(yi): five, fifth
    • Kopiatar. 1559. [Mor 102]
    • Piata (Piata Kostin, peasant). 1542. [Tup 329]
    • Tolstopiat (Grishka Fedorov syn Tolstopiat). 1539. [Tup 393]
  • Pik(ura): squeek
    • Kliapik (Mikhailo Kliapik Iaropkin). c1500. [Tup 15]
    • Piknosek. 1420. [Mor 151]
  • Pisk(ar or er): a type of fish
    • Piskun (Ofanas Piskun). 1601. [Tup 305]
  • Pisker: see Piskar.
  • Plav: 1) swim; 2) melt
    • Plav (Timoshka Plav, peasant). 1495. [Tup 305]
  • Plen: captive, taken
    • Kouplen'. 1222. [Mor 103]
    • Plen'. 1222. [Mor 152]
    • Tsyplenok (peasant). 1539. [Tup 420]
  • Plut: see Blud.
  • Pochin: see Chin.
  • Podiv: surprise
    • Podiva. 1052. [Mor 152]
  • Pokhval: see Khval.
  • Pokra: see Kra.
  • Pol: see Pul.
  • Pol(e-): meadow, field
    • Kargapolets (Pavel Zinov'ev syn Kargapolets). 1568. [Tup 174]
    • Ostropolets (Iatsko Ostropolets). 1614. [Tup 293]
    • Polevod. 1601. [Mor 153]
  • Poliud: see Liud.
  • Polk: mass, pile
    • Iaropolk. 970. [Tup 458]
    • Polko. 1366. [Mor 153]
    • Predpolk. 1267. [Mor 156]
  • Pomnen: see Mn.
  • Pop: father, priest, prince
    • Podpope. 1052. [Mor 152]
    • Popliashnia (Kievan craftsman). 1552. [Tup 315]
    • Raspopa (Raspopa Simonov, peasant). 1541. [Tup 334]
  • Popel: falling
    • Popel'nik (Dronia Popel'nik, peasant). 1593. [Tup 314]
  • Por: see Br.
  • Postan: see Stan.
  • Pot: chicken
    • Klopot (Ian Klopot, Mozyr' landowner). 1552. [Tup 182]
    • Potania (Potania Stepanov syn Stelnoi). 1554. [Tup 373]
    • Shchepotev (Zloba Fedorov syn Shchepoteva). 1562. [Tup 162]
  • Potikh: see Tekh.
  • Pozd(o- or nyi): late
    • Pozdei (Pozdei Ostaf'ev syn, scribe). 1551. [RIB XIV 48]
  • Poznan: see Zna.
  • Pozvizd: scream, cry
    • Pozvizd. 988. [Tup 310]
  • Pr: see Br.
  • Prav: 1) straight; 2) correct; 3) right (direction)
    • Pravotarkh (Pravotarkh Timofeev syn Zubov). 1610. [Tup 320]
    • Sveprav. 1226. [Mor 173]
  • Prem: see Priam.
  • Priam or Prem: straight
    • Priamogliadov (Zamiatnia Larin syn Priamogliadov). 1600. [Tup 157]
  • Priby: multiple, growth
    • Pribyslava (daughter of Vratislav). 916. [Khr 257]
  • Prid: addition, extension
    • Pridimir. 1222. [Mor 158]
    • Velpridek. 1052. [Mor 36]
  • Priia(t): well-wishing, fair
    • Priiaslav. 1073. [Mor 159]
  • Prisn(yi): close, related
    • Prisnets. 1539. [Tup 322]
  • Prod(at'): sale, merchandise
    • Prodasa (Zabav Prodasa). 1240. [Mor 86]
  • Pros(it'): plead, request
    • Prosimir. 1222. [Mor 159]
  • Prost: simple, easy
    • Prostokisha (Ivan Prostokisha, Kirilov syn). 1525. [Tup 324]
  • Prud(iti): burn, scorch
    • Chertoprud (Anisim Ivanov syn Chertoprud). 1633. [Tup 427]
    • Prud (Demko Prud, peasant). Recorded in 1631. [Tup 324]
    • Zaprudin (Novik Fedorov syn Zaprudin). 1618. [RIB XII 178]
  • Prug: spring, resilent
    • Prugan. 1143. [Mor 160]
  • Prus: cockroach
    • Prus. 12th-13th Centuries. [Art VII 42; #439]
  • Ptach: see Ptak.
  • Ptak, Ptakh, or Ptach(ek): bird
    • Ptak. 1043. [Mor 160]
  • Ptakh: see Ptak.
  • Pul or Pol: half
    • Nacepule. 1197. [Mor 134]
    • Pulov (Tret'iak Dmitreev syn Pulov). 1586. [Tup 401]
  • Pur(a-): chicken
    • Pur'cha. 1239. [Mor 160]
  • Put: path, road
    • Preaputsik (Niksha Preaputsik). 1419. [Mor 160]
    • Putil (Putil Mikhailov, scribe). 1567. [RIB II 42]
  • Rab(ek) or Rob: slave
    • Basarab. 1472. [Mor 9]
    • Rabets (Rabets Filipovich Gnoitskii, courtier). 1577. [Tup 331]
  • Rach(a-): higher, better
    • Rachlav. 1256. [Mor 167]
  • Rad: 1) voluntary; 2) joy, happy, glad; 3) obligatory; 4) advice; 5) work, labor
    • Blizradost'. 1136. [Mor 13]
    • Radigrad. 970. [Mor 162]
    • Tiekhoradovik (Divosh' Tiekhoradovik). 1332. [Mor 70-1]
  • Rai: paradise
    • Raichik. 1322. [Mor 165]
    • Shamrai (Ivan Shamrai, peasant). Recorded in 1582. [Tup 435]
    • Zabirai (Pavel Zabirai, Vinnitsa craftsman). 1552. [Tup 154]
  • Rakh: quick, witty
    • Rakhman (Rakhman Dmitreev syn Talyzin). 1565. [Tup 335]
  • Rakit(a): brittle willow (tree)
    • Rakita (Levka Rakita, Chernigov peasant). 1649. [Tup 333]
  • Ral(en): plow
    • Khovralev (Neudacha Khovralev). 1605. [Tup 275]
    • Ralko. 1595. [Tup 274]
  • Ran(yi): early, morning
    • Obran. 1088. [Mor 141]
    • Randar' (Ivashko Randar'). 1648. [Tup 333]
    • Zaran. 1105. [Mor 88]
  • Rapot(a): rattle
    • Rapota. 1187. [Mor 161]
  • Rast(i-) or Rost(i-): growth
    • Rastislaus. 863. [Mor 166]
  • Rat: fight (for), inveigh (against)
    • Neratai (serf). 1539. [Tup 274]
    • Pak'rat (Pak'rat Mand'erovik). 1100. [Mor 147]
    • Ratibor (Novgorod captain). 1269. [Gra 58]
  • Rats: Hungarian name for Serbs
    • Ratsek. 1195. [Mor 167]
  • Rav(nyi): even, equal, level
    • Raven. 1235. [Mor 161]
    • Zhoravitskii (Ianush Koshka Zhoravitskii). 1607. [Tup 205]
  • Razum: reason
    • Razumeiko (Oleksa Razumeiko, craftsman). 1552. [Tup 333]
  • Reg or Riag: abuse, insult
    • Regen. 1088. [Mor 167]
  • Res(a-) or Rez(a-): cut
    • Podrez (Podrez Pleshcheev). 1650. [Tup 309]
    • Rezovka (Opanas Rezovka, craftsman). 1552. [Tup 346]
  • Rez: see Res.
  • Riab: see Rub.
  • Riag: see Reg.
  • Riaka: see Ruk.
  • Rob: see Rab.
  • Rod: birth, fertility
    • Domarod. 1425. [Mor 75]
    • Ogorodnik (Ontonko Ogorodnik, peasant). 1495. [Tup 286]
    • Rodislav (Riazan' prince). 1402. [Tup 337]
  • Rog: pate
    • Rogatoi (Gridka Rogatoi, peasant). 1495. [Tup 337]
    • Ostrorog (Mikolai Ostrorog). 1649. [Tup 293]
  • Rol(ek or ak): furrow, rut
    • Rolanda. 1460. [Mor 169]
    • Zarol. 1167. [Mor 88]
  • Ros(a): humidity, dampness
    • Rosliak (Gridka Rosliak, peasant). 1495. [Tup 338]
  • Rost: see Rast.
  • Rozh or Ruzh: multi-colored, rosy
    • Rozhai (Gridka Rozhai, peasant). 1495. [Tup 337]
  • Rub or Riab: cut, partition
    • Ruba (Ruba Taras'ev syn, servant). c1400. [Tup 339]
    • Sarub. c1075. [Mor 172]
    • Siriabin (Shchavii Siriabin). 1498. [Mor 210]
  • Rud: red, brown, ruddy
    • Ruda (priest). 1343. [Tup 340]
  • Ruk(a-) or Riaka: arm, limb
    • Dolgorukoi (Grishka Dolgorukoi, governor). 1609. [Tup 131]
    • Rukavok (Bogdan Rukavok, Moscow clerk). 1545. [Tup 341]
    • Sevruk (Sevruk Prikhozhii, peasant). 1545. [Tup 352]
  • Rum(ianyi): 1) red, rosy; 2) beauty
    • Rumianets (Vasilii Rumianets, boiar). 1392. [Tup 341]
  • Rus: redhead, red-haired
    • Rusak (Rusak Larkin). 1495. [Tup 342]
  • Rut(a-): herb-of-grace (plant)
    • Kedruta (sister of Emperor Konrad). 1140. [Khr 260]
    • Rut. 1235. [Mor 170]
    • Skoruta (Olekhno Skoruta, landowner). 1546. [Tup 359]
  • Ruzh: see Rozh.
  • Sab(a-) or Sob(a-): individual, personal
    • Luarsab. Died in 1622. [Buk 334]
    • Saburov (Semen Fedorovich Saburov). 1599-1600. [RIB II 152]
  • Sad: garden
    • Sadovnik (Ivan Sadovnik, Moscow scribe). 1585. [Tup 347]
  • Sasin: Saxon, inhabitant of Western Europe
    • Sasin (Vasilei Sasin). First Quarter of 15th Century. [Gra 189]
  • Sby(t') or Sob(yt'): occurence
    • Sbyslav (Sbyslav Zhiroslavich). 1171. [Tup 350]
  • Sek(u-): partition, section
    • Neusek. 1088. [Mor 138]
    • Ratsek. 1195. [Mor 167]
    • Sekula. 1513. [Mor 176]
  • Sel(o-): field, pasture
    • Itselia (Itselia Stavinets). 1368. [Mor 96]
    • Marotsel. 1208. [Mor 119]
    • Selekuevits. Second Half of 13th Century. [Art IV 13; #138]
  • Sem(i- or o-): seven
    • Semislav. 1130. [Mor 176]
  • Ser: grey
    • Seroslav. 1174. [Mor 190]
  • Serd: 1) heart; 2) anger
    • Serdiatnitskii (Lord Mikhailo Golub Serdiatnitskii). Recorded in 1580.
      • [Tup 112]
  • Serebr: silver
    • Serebrianik (Pospelko Grigor'ev syn Serebrianik). 1621. [Tup 318]
  • Serp: sickle
    • Serpukhovitin (Ivashko Serpukhovitin). 1605. [Tup 355]
  • Sestr(a-): sister
    • Sestran (Grigorii Sestran). 1593. [Tup 355]
  • Set(iti or ovat'): complain, cry out
    • Setekh. 1052. [Mor 177]
  • Shar(a-): variegated, multicolored
    • Sharap (Mikhailo Sharap). 1483. [Tup 436]
  • Shched(r or ryi): generous
    • Shchedroi (Afonasii Shchedroi, archmandrate). 1496. [Tup 453]
  • Shchek: cheek
    • Shchekarov (Klim Shchekarov). Second Half of 14th Century.
      • [Art V 87; #260]
    • Sukhoshchek (Eremei Sukhoshchek). 1471. [Tup 383]
  • Shchen(ia) or Shtenia: cub, pup
    • Shchenkurskoi (Petr Otuf'ev syn Shchenkurskoi). 1618. [RIB XIV 323]
  • Shcherb(a): crack, fissure
    • Shcherba (Ian Shcherba). Recorded in 1593. [Tup 453]
  • Shchit: shield, defense
    • Shchit (Ian Shchit). 1518. [Tup 455]
    • Zashchitovskii (Voina Poriadnich Zashchitovskii). Recorded in 1584.
      • [Tup 89]
  • Shchuk(a): pike (fish)
    • Shchuka (Shchuka s Vasilevy Ryby). 15th Century. [Art IV 56; #169]
  • She(ia): neck
    • Krasnosheia (Ivan Krasnosheia). Recorded in 1595. [Tup 206]
    • Krivosheia (Senka Krivosheia Iakovlii syn Ogibalov). 1495. [Tup 209]
    • Sheia (Mikhal' Sheia, fisherman). 1562. [Tup 443]
  • Shest(yi): six
    • Shestnik (Vasko Shestnik, peasant). 1495. [Tup 441]
  • Shib(at): beat, switch
    • Shibeka (Vas'ko Shibeka, peasant). 1593. [Tup 443]
  • Shim(a): 1) form, create; 2) make noise, celebrate; 3) derived from Christian name "Simon"
    • Shimukhla (Fedka Shimukhla Ivanovskii Petrova). 1495. [Tup 444]
  • Shir(okii): wide
    • Shirokonos (Ivan Shirokonos). 1534. [Tup 445]
  • Shish(man): brigand, rogue
    • Shishka (Fedko Shishka, Mozhaisk boiar). 1472. [Tup 446]
  • Shkop or Skopek: scoop
    • Skopek. 1384. [Mor 178]
  • Shlekht(a) or Shliakh(ta): decendent, kin
    • Shliakhta (Petryk Shliakhta). 1552. [Tup 448]
  • Shliakh: see Shlekht.
  • Shtenia: see Shchen.
  • Shub(a): winter coat
    • Shubnoi (Tret'iak Grigor'ev syn Shubnoi). 1598. [RIB XIV 151]
  • Shui: left, left-handed
    • Shuiga (Aleksandr Shuiga Fedorovich). 15th Century. [Tup 449]
    • Toshui (Toshui Palkin, peasant). 1500. [Tup 398]
  • Shum(a): 1) forest; 2) noise
    • Shum (Shum Semenov syn Tyrtova). 1539. [Tup 451]
  • Shup(ek): blow, hit
    • Shupliak (Okhrem Shupliak). Recorded in 1593. [Tup 451]
  • Sin(ii): (dark) blue
    • Sinitsa (Ivashko Sinitsa, peasant). 1495. [Tup 356]
  • Sir: failing, misfortune
    • Sirak. 1136. [Mor 178]
  • Skar: argument, dispute, fight
    • Skaraga (Arkhip Skaraga). 1601. [Tup 356]
  • Skopek: see Shkop.
  • Skor: quick, light, easy
    • Skorek. 1327. [Mor 178]
  • Slab: weak
    • Slabnia (Ivashko Slabnia, peasant). 1629. [Tup 361]
  • Slad: sweet, sugary
    • Sladoi. 1429. [Mor 180]
  • Slav(a): praise, glory
    • Khvalislava. 1150. [Mor 200]
    • Predislav. 1150. [Mor 155]
    • Slavimir. 1187. [Mor 179]
  • Slavii: see Solov.
  • Slug(a): servant
    • Slugo. 10th Century. [Mor 180]
  • Smed: black, dull
    • Smedin'skii (Grigorii Borzilovich Smedin'skii). 1362-92. [RIB II 6]
  • Smil: see Mil.
  • Smokv(a): fig
    • Smokva. 1368. [Mor 181]
  • Smol(a): resin, pitch, tar, sap
    • Smoligo. 1265. [Mor 181]
  • Sob: see Sab or Sby.
  • Sok: juice, liquid, moisture
    • Motsok. 1559. [Mor 130]
    • Sokor (Sokor Rymar, peasant). 1545. [Tup 367]
  • Sokol: falcon
    • Sokolnik (Mitia Sokolnik). 1491. [Tup 367]
  • Sol: salt
    • Solezlaus (Solezlaus). 1240. [Mor 182]
  • Solov(ei) or Slavii: nightingale
    • Solovei (Solovei Elizarov syn Borshchov). 1565. [Tup 367]
  • Sor(a-): scatter
    • Sorikhin (Postnik Sorikhin, landowner). 1607. [Tup 318]
    • Susor (Susor Fedorov, warden). 1626. [RIB XIV 353]
  • Span: sleep
    • Span. 1052. [Mor 183]
  • Spas: save (saviour), rescue
    • Spasitel' (Ivan Mikhailovich Spasitel' Shuiskoi). 1548. [Tup 370]
  • Spit or Spet: 1) speed; 2) ripeness
    • Spitoslava. 1148. [Mor 183]
  • Spor: dispute
    • Sporo. 1251. [Mor 183]
  • Stan, Stav, Postan, or Sto(i): stand, stay, stop
    • Pristan. 1206. [Mor 158]
    • Stanimir (Stanimir Ivanich). 1176. [Tup 371]
  • Star(yi): old
    • Staroselskoi (Ivan Eufimov syn Staroselskoi). 1623-4. [RIB II 645]
  • Stav: see Stan.
  • Sto: see Stan.
  • Stolb: see Stolp.
  • Stolp or Stolb: pillar, column
    • Stolpin (Vasilii Korzhbok Stolpin, landowner). 1629. [Tup 196]
    • Zastolbskoi (Osif Zastolbskoi). 1609. [RIB II 796]
  • Strakh: fear
    • Strakhota. 1228. [Mor 187]
  • Stran(a): country
    • Sestran (Grigorii Sestran). 1593. [Tup 355]
    • Stranimir. c1176. [Mor 187]
  • Strat(a-): layer, strata
    • Elistratov (Milovan Elistratov, strelets). 1630. [Tup 250]
    • Kallistrat (martyr). Died in 304. [Buk 549]
    • Stratymir. 1029. [Mor 187]
  • Strazh or Streg(u-): guard, protect
    • Strazhek. 1141. [Mor 187]
  • Streg: see Strazh.
  • Stro(i-): construction, building
    • Kurostrovets (Konan Mokiev syn Kurostrovets). 1617. [RIB XII 42]
    • Neustroi (Neustroi Skobel'tsyn, landowner). 16th Century. [Tup 276]
    • Stroislav. 1293. [Mor 188]
  • Stup: step
    • Pristup (Fedechko Pristup, craftsman). 1552. [Tup 322]
    • Stupitsa (Bogdan Stupitsa, landowner). 1545. [Tup 376]
  • Subot(a): Saturday
    • Subota (Ivan Andreevich Subota Pleshcheeva). 1494. [Tup 376-7]
  • Sud: judge
    • Krivosud. 1218. [Mor 105]
    • Sudimir (Sudimir Kuchebich). 1147. [Tup 378]
  • Sui: empty, futile
    • Suik. 14th Century. [Art III 16; #92]
  • Suk: bough, knot
    • Suk (Mikiforik Suk, serf). 1500. [Tup 379]
  • Sur: hero
    • Man'sur. 1551. [Mor 118]
    • Surovets. 1495. [Tup 380]
  • Sviat(yi): saint, blessed
    • Sviatopluk. 869. [Mor 174]
  • Svin('ia): swine
    • Svinopas (Grisha Terent'ev syn Svinopas). 1629. [Tup 350]
  • Syn: son, offspring
    • Neusyna (Lazar' Nikonov syn). 1612. [Tup 12]
    • Pasynok (Ivashko Pasynok). 1518. [Tup 297]
    • Syna. 1222. [Mor 190]
  • Tal: 1) taxation; 2) thaw
    • Khamtala (Vas'ian Khamtala, father superior). c1500. [Tup 413]
    • Talerka (Matvei Talerka, craftsman). 1545. [Tup 386]
  • Tam or Tem: idea, theme
    • Tamislav (Croatian King). 914-928. [Mor 191]
  • Tan or Ton: narrow, thin
    • Chipyshtan (Semen Semenov syn Chipyshtan). 1605. [Tup 430]
    • Kaftannik (Sura Kaftannik, cannon-founder). 1585. [Tup 380]
    • Tanko (Vasilii Il'inich Tanko). 1597. [Tup 387]
  • Tas: 1) cut; 2) derived from Christian name "Protasii"
    • Kaitas (Kaitas Matiukov, landowner). 1616. [Tup 171]
    • Taskaev (Grigorei Korniliev syn Taskaev). 1604. [RIB XIV 164]
  • Tat(o-, a-, or ia-): thief, robber
    • Tatomir (Tatomir Balitskii). 1424. [Tup 388]
  • Tech: see Tekh.
  • Tekh, Tech, or Potikh: quiet, silence
    • Radetech. 1136. [Mor 162]
    • Setekh. 1052. [Mor 177]
    • Tekhomil. 1150. [Mor 195]
  • Tel(g or o): body
    • Belotelets (Uglitsk city-government official). 1591. [Tup 77]
    • Podtelok (Gridka Podtelok, serf). 1500. [Tup 310]
    • Telogreia (serf). 1539. [Tup 406]
  • Tem: see Tam.
  • Ten: it, that
    • Oleshtena (Galician boiar). 1153. [Mor 143]
    • Tenbai. 1601. [RIB II 276]
  • Tep(ati): babble
    • Tepa. 1398. [Mor 192]
  • Ter: rub, grate
    • Terebunets. 1552. [Tup 390]
  • Terp(et'): suffer, undergo
    • Strastoterpets (Georgii Strastoterpets). 1608. [RIB XII 149]
    • Terpimir. 837. [Mor 192]
  • Tet(a-): aunt
    • Tetera (Kuzemka Tetera, peasant). 1498. [Tup 390]
  • Tiag: see Tug.
  • Tir: strike, hit
    • Tirun. 15th Century. [Gra 258]
  • Tol(it): calm, pacify
    • Martol. 1346. [Mor 119]
    • Tolislav. 1237. [Mor 193]
    • Vatolin (Torop Vatolin, rider). 1615. [Tup 397]
  • Tom: 1) silent, speechless; 2) derived from Xian name "Foma" (Thomas)
    • Tomeslav. 1198. [Mor 193]
  • Ton: see Tan.
  • Trav(a): grass, herb
    • Travyga (Ortemko Travyga, peasant). 1495. [Tup 398]
    • Verkhotrav (Ianko Verkhotrav, peasant). 1564. [Tup 84]
  • Treb(a-): need, requirement
    • Trebemysl. 1286. [Mor 194]
  • Tsan(a-) or Tsen(a): award
    • Tsen. 1479. [Mor 204]
  • Tsap(a): pick, hoe
    • Tsapal. 1458. [Mor 203]
  • Tsar: ruler, emperor, Caesar
    • Tsar' (Vasilii Tsar', boiar). 1493. [Tup 419]
  • Tsel: all, full
    • Tselik (Ivan Tselik, peasant). 1598. [Tup 420]
  • Tsen: see Tsan.
  • Tsvet: flower
    • Netsvetai (Trenia Netsvetai, peasant). 1629. [Tup 277]
    • Tsvetko (Tsvetko Serbin). 1552. [Tup 419]
  • Tug or Tiag: hard
    • Tugomir. 1224. [Mor 195]
  • Tur: bull
    • Abotur (serf in Musetsk parish). 1539. [Tup 31]
    • Mantur (merchant). 1498. [Tup 244]
    • Turbasov (Fotei Turbasov). 1459-69. [Gra 298]
  • Tverd(yi): hard
    • Tverdila (Tverdila, Pskov governor). Before 1442. [Gra 338]
  • Tvor(it'): create, imagine
    • Tvorimir. 12th Century. [Art II 81; #82]
  • Ub(it or yt): end, kill, diminish
    • Ubichest'. 1087. [Mor 196]
  • Udr(iti): strike, beat, hit
    • Udr. 1639. [Mor 196]
  • Ugl: coal, charcoal
    • Uglechenin (Pospei Uglechenin, merchant). 1566. [Tup 318]
  • Ugol: corner
    • Ugol. 1193. [Mor 196]
  • Ugr: Hungarian
    • Ugrim (scribe). 1599. [RIB XIV 826]
  • Upyr: vampire
    • Upyr' (priest). 1047. [Mor 197]
  • Ur: citizen
    • Urman (Urman Ondreev syn Lazareva). 1539. [Tup 409]
  • Us(ia-): whisker, moustach
    • Usemir. 1136. [Mor 197]
  • Ut(a-) or Ud(a-): part, member
    • Uta. 1071. [Mor 198]
  • Uzh: grass-snake
    • Uzh. 1196. [Mor 196]
  • Va: see Ba.
  • Vab or Vav: shrewdness, deception
    • Vabka (Vabka Osipov). 1628. [Tup 79]
  • Vad: see Vavr.
  • Vak: see Bak.
  • Vakh: see Bak.
  • Val: see Bal.
  • Var: boil, cook, heat
    • Kravar. 1329. [Mor 104]
    • Rozvar. 1242. [Mor 168]
    • Varovitsa (Smeshko Varovitsa). 1500. [Tup 81]
  • Vats: see Bak.
  • Vav: see Vab.
  • Vavr or Vad: lead
    • Rozvad. 1052. [Mor 168]
    • Vavrata. 1088. [Mor 33]
  • Vech(er): night
    • Vechislav (Vechislav Druzhinin syn). 1602. [RIB XIV 538-9]
  • Ved: see Vid.
  • Vek: time, age, era
    • Malovek. 1434. [Mor 117]
    • Siveko. 1228. [Mor 177]
    • Vekoshkyn (Domoslav Vekoshkyn). 1266-91. [Gra 317]
  • Vel: great, bold, big
    • Nevelskoi (Korman Nevelskoi, boiar's son). 1602. [Tup 197]
    • Prosvel (Vengr Prosvel). 1259. [Mor 159]
    • Velezlaus. 1317. [Mor 36]
  • Ver(a): faith, trust, belief
    • Never (Never Onokitse). First Half of 15th Century. [Gra 200]
    • Veremid, Russian ambassador. 906. [Mor 37]
    • Zavernin (Ondrei Zavernin). 1624-5. [RIB XII 58]
  • Vesel: happiness, amusement
    • Veseloi (Veseloi Ivanov syn). 1525. [Tup 84]
  • Vesn(a-): 1) happiness, hope; 2) Spring
    • Vesniak (Fedka Vesniak, Ovrutsk boiar). 1521. [Tup 84]
  • Vet: see Vid.
  • Vid, Ved, Vet, or Vit: vision, view, form, appearance
    • Dobrovit. 1080s. [Art VII 125; #526]
    • Likhovid (Iukhno Likhovid). 1563. [Tup 228]
    • Vidimko (Vidimko Mikheev). 1614. [Tup 85]
  • Vil(a-): light, beauty
    • Sarvil (martyr). 1356. [Lev 10]
    • Tevtivil. 1253. [Mor 193]
    • Vil'kin. 1255. [Mor 39]
  • Vit: see Vid.
  • Vlad or Volod: governance, power, rule
    • Krestovolodovich (Moldovan ambassador). 1542. [Mor 105]
    • Rogvolod (Rogvolod Polotskoi). 980. [Tup 463]
    • Vladimir (Vladimir Vsevolodovich). Born in 1053. [Tup 87]
  • Vlakh: magic
    • Vlakhusha (Vlakhusha Grubetik). 1442. [Mor 43]
  • Vlk: see Volk.
  • Volia: wish, will
    • Volia (Volia Pavlov syn). 1579. [Tup 94]
  • Volk, Volok, or Vlk: wolf
    • Volk. 1448-68. [RIB II 25]
    • Zubovolok (Vasiuk Zubovolok, Novgorodite). 1569. [Tup 163]
  • Volod: see Vlad.
  • Volok: see Volk.
  • Vor: see Br.
  • Vorobei: slave, servant (literally "sparrow")
    • Vorobei (Vafromeiko Vorobei). 1495. [Tup 94]
  • Voron(a-) or Gavran: crow, black, caw
    • Vorona (Ivanko Vorona). First Quarter of 15th Century. [Gra 194]
  • Vorot: see Vrat.
  • Vr: see Br.
  • Vrach: doctor, diviner
    • Vrachka. 1088. [Mor 50]
  • Vrat or Vorot: turn
    • Navorot. 1126. [Mor 133]
    • Uvratichevik (Iaroslav Uvratichevik). 1330. [Mor 196]
    • Vratena. 1102. [Mor 49]
  • Vyk: see Byk.
  • Zar: see Zhar.
  • Zel: green
    • Zelenia (serf). 1498. [Tup 161]
  • Zem(lia): earth, ground
    • Inozem (Inozem Zhikharev). 1584. [Mor 95]
    • Zemiatnin (Bogdan Zemiatnin syn Aigustov). 1609. [Tup 53]
  • Zern(o-): grain, seed
    • Zern (Kostroma boiar). 1304. [Tup 161]
  • Zhab(a): toad
    • Zhaba (Senko Zhaba). 1520. [Tup 143]
  • Zhad(a-): thirst, greed
    • Zhadko (Zhadko Nalitnevich'). 1552. [Tup 144]
  • Zhal(o-): 1) complaint; 2) pity
    • Kinzhalko (son of Moscow landowner). 1586. [Tup 178]
    • Zhalob (Vasilii Zhalob, landowner). 1504. [Tup 144]
  • Zhar, Zhark, or Zar: hot, heat, bake
    • Kazhara. 1568. [Mor 96]
    • Podzhar (Ivashko Podzhar, peasant). 1495. [Tup 309]
    • Zharenoi (Maksim Zharenoi, landowner). 1539. [Tup 144]
  • Zhark: see Zhar.
  • Zhavoronok: lark (bird)
    • Zhavoronok (Zhavoronok Lazorev, servant). 1554. [Tup 144]
  • Zheg or Zhgu: burn
    • Zhegota. 1284. [Mor 84]
  • Zhel(at'): wish, hope
    • Zhelibor (Vagirsk prince). c965. [Mor 84]
  • Zhelez(o-): iron, ferrous
    • Zhelezkovets (Iurko Zhelezkovets). 1573. [Tup 148]
  • Zhemchug: see Margarit.
  • Zhen: women, wife
    • Bezzhen. 1207. [Mor 10]
    • Nezhenik. 1254. [Mor 140]
  • Zherav or Zhurav: crane (bird)
    • Zhurav (Mikhal Zhurav, peasant). 1539. [Tup 153]
  • Zhereb: stallion
    • Zherebilo (Zherebilo Ivanov chelovek Volodimerovicha). 1462. [Tup 148]
  • Zhgu: see Zheg.
  • Zhiv: life
    • Dabizhiv (Dabizhiv Chikhorik). 1399. [Mor 207]
    • Zhivana. 1454. [Mor 84]
  • Zhup: area, land
    • Zhupan (peasant). Recorded in 1565. [Tup 153]
  • Zhurav: see Zherav.
  • Zl(yi): bad, evil
    • Zlygostev (Bazhen Zlygostev). 1613. [Tup 34]
  • Zlat(o-) or Zolot(o-): gold
    • Zlatoslav. 1224. [Mor 91]
  • Zme(i): snake
    • Zmeika (Fedor Ignat'ev syn Zmeika). 1629. [Tup 162]
  • Zna(t') or Poznan: knowledge
    • Neznanich (Miroshka Neznanich). 1194. [Mor 136]
    • Znaybog. 1182. [Mor 91]
  • Zolot: see Zlat.
  • Zor(a- or ia-): sharp-sighted, vigilant, clear
    • Nevzor (Nevzor Zlobin syn Cheglokov). 1566. [Tup 267]
    • Obyzora (Ivashko Obyzora). 1648. [Tup 284]
    • Zorynich (David Kievlianin Zorynich). 1167. [Mor 92]
  • Zret': see Ozor.
  • Zub: tooth
    • Golozub (Ivashko Golozub). 1495. [Tup 111]
    • Skolazubov (Kurdium Skolazubov, landowner). 1649. [Tup 218]
    • Zubovolok (Vasiuk Zubovolok, Novgorodite). 1569. [Tup 163]
  • Zver: beast
    • Zverintsov (Tret'iak Zverintsov). 1551. [Tup 399]
  • Zvezd(a): star
    • Zvezdochet (Olisko Zvezdochet, peasant). 1495. [Tup 160]
  • Zvon: sound, chime, ring
    • Zvonimir (Lepa zhena Zvonimira Khorvatskogo). 1087. [Mor 114]

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