JANUARY XXIV (1990)

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE APPROVED:

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

0 Ælfgar the Pure. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

01 Alaric of Phoenix Fens. Name and device (see RETURNS for badge). Lozengy Or and gules, two lions combattant argent, on a chief rayonny sable a harp Or. The blazon stated the design to be "per fess rayonny enhanced". As many in the College noted, there is no such thing. What we have here is a chief, properly enlarged in the period manner to allow the harp to be clearly visible.

01 Aleyn the Younger. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and argent, an arm armoured embowed fesswise, maintaining a scimitar bendwise sinister, and a bow bendwise sinister reversed counterchanged.

0 Arria Maior. Name only. For those who may have wondered, this is the classical method of referring to a woman of the noble classes. Typically, daughters derived their names from the gentile name of their father (thus, Cicero's daughter was "Tullia" since Cicero's full name was "Marcus Tullius Cicero"). If more than one daughter existed in a family, and it was important to designate which daughter was in question (often it was not!!!), that daughter would usually be designated by a qualifier which indicated the order of birth for that family. In this case, the name literally translates as "the eldest Arrius girl", but that is all the description that appears for most women in even the most formal documents.

0 Aurelia of Great Faringdon. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

0 Barak de Noirville. Name only.

0 Bordergate, Canton of. Name only.

0 Caoimhín Mac Rae. Name only. The given name erroneously appeared on the letter of intent as "Caomhim". While the quality of the photocopy on the copy of the forms sent to Laurel was poor, it appears to indicate that the submittor wished the correct spelling of the Irish form for "Kevin".

0 Ceridwen o Aberystwyth. Name only. Although it was not mentioned in the letter of intent, this is a resubmission of a name returned in November, 1987, because the given name used was "Cerys" which appears to be used only in modern times as a name, although it may be earlier as a Welsh endearment.

0 Cormac of Liathmore Mochoemóg. Name only.

0 Daibhidh Dubh Mac Fhionnlaigh. Name only. It was noted that aspiration should not appear after "mac" in this for while it is true that in Irish.

0 Denewynn von Alsenz. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Denawynn Von Alsenz. The abnormal capitalization of the preposition has been dropped. After much digging in several sources, we were unable to find any examples of the rare Anglo-Saxon protheme "Dene" (it appears to exist only in the compound "Denemund") varying the second "e". While the Old English seems to have been relatively commonly changed to an "a" in the initial syllable, the modification of an "e" to an "a" in an unstressed syllable was unusual to say the least (the alternation usually worked the other way). In this case, the substitution of the initial "a" might have been because of a parallelism with "Danes". In any case, the "Denewynn" or, more accurately "Denewine" is a possible construct for an Anglo-Saxon masculine name and therefore may be registered. It is, however, a distinctly unusual name by any standards.

0 Edward Bolden. Name only.

01 Fiach Kilpatrick. Name and device. Per chevron Or and vert, two stags trippant respectant proper and a boarhound salient Or. The name was submitted as Fiach Culpatrick. We could find no evidence for a form of given name derived from the use of "cu" with "patrick". As the submittor allowed changes, provided the general sound of the name was preserved, we have registered the name with the documented surname "Kilpatrick" (MacLysaght, Surnames of Ireland, p. 182).

01 Fionn Bán MacAoidh. Name and device. Per chevron argent and azure, goutty counterchanged, two swans rousant respectant sable and a harp argent. Several commentors suggested the use of "Bán" with the given name was redundant since they both meant "white" or "fair". This is not the case, any more than "Helen the Fair" would be:"Fionn", like "Helen", acquired an early separate identity as a given name apart from its meaning. Note that the form of the patronymuc is properly formed with the genitive of the Irish name "Aodh" (older form "Aed"). We assume that the existence of two forms for the same individual on the letter of intent reflected Black Lion's having made this correction on one item and not on the other.

1 Fionn Bán MacAoidh. Badge. Argent, a bagpipe sable, bagged and corded gules, within a bordure azure.

01 Glymm Mere, Shire of. Name and device. Azure, goutte d'eau, on a chief rayonny Or, three laurel wreaths vert.

0 Gripir ap Bleiddian. Name only.

0 Jean Fiona MacDonnel. Name only.

0 John the Black Rogue. Name only. The letter of intent had the last word as "rouge", but forms show "rogue".

01 Jonathan Morgan Reeve. Name and device. Per bend sinister vert and sable, five mullets in annulo Or and on a heart argent, a bear's pawprint fesswise reversed gules. The name was submitted as Johnathan Morgan Reeve, but no documentation was provided for the apparently modern misspelling of the Biblical name "Jonathan" which the submittor's documentation showed. Therefore we have used the documented form. Note that the device is at the limits of complexity under the new rules with five tinctures and three types of charges.

07 Margret of Cheshire. Name and device. Purpure, three lozenges conjoined in pall inverted Or, each charged with a mascle gules, all within a bordure Or. Please ask the submittor to leave a reasonable amount of Or between the gules of the mascle and the field. As drawn on the emblazon sheet, it is not even delineation: merely a theoretical series of locus points.

01 Michele of Colonsay. Name and device. Azure, a chevron between a natural leopard's face and on a chief Or, three hurts. The name appeared on the letter of intent as Michelle of Colonsay, but the forms indicated that she wished the equally acceptable form shown above (her middle name).

0 River's Gate, Shire of. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

0 Seagirt, Shire of. Name only. The name appeared on the letter of intent as "Seagrit" but was corrected in the September letter from An Tir which was sent to the College at the same time as this. They have permission to conflict with the Province of Tree-Girt-Sea.

01 Süleyman Khayám. Name and device. Gules, a peacock statant close Or, eyed gules, collared and tethered argent in sinister chief to a mullet within the horns of an increscent Or. Note that the name is Turkish/Persian, not Arabic as stated on the letter of intent. The device totters on the edge of overcomplexity, but we decided to overlook the frou-frou of the tether. As the peacock is normally as different from the standard cock as a wolf is from a lion (different head shape, distinctive tail, etc.) we have no hesitation in counting a difference between the two. Note that the eyes are specified since they would otherwise default to the more normal azure which would materially add to the complexity of the device.

H1 Constant of Nether Edge. Holding name and device. Sable, a demi-griffin, brandishing a sword Or and issuant from a base wavy barry wavy argent and sable. The submission was made under the name Valand the Seabourne. After much consideration, we came to the conclusion that this was not in conflict with the arms of Culehech cited by Silver Trumpet ("Sable, a griffin segreant Or."), although the call is somewhat marginal (under both sets of rules). There is a clear difference for the addition of the secondary charge. The question then remains whether the modification of the griffin (its posture, position, attributes, etc.) constituted a clear difference. In this case, we were inclined to believe that it did: in this sort of design, the base is clearly secondary and the issuance of the demi-griffin places the griffin in a relative position much lower than would be the case if a regular griffin were placed on this shield.This being the case, the griffin does not really have the same visual weight as a regular griffin segreant whose legs are obscured by a charge overall, as Silver Trumpet implies.

0 William the Forgetful. Name only.

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

1 Acelin O'Comraidhe. Device. Azure, in pale three gerbils salient to sinister argent. The beasties were blazoned as "courant bendwise sinister to chief" on the letter of intent, but "salient" better describes their position.

01 Alayne McGuyre. Name and device. Per fess indented Or and sable, two double-bladed axes in saltire anda dove migrant, all counterchanged.

0 Christian Clare. Name only.

09 Daria Sorcha a' Chlaidheimh Iteaich. Change of name and change of badge. A quill pen bendwise sinister argent maintained by a cubit arm fesswise proper, vested Or. The name was submitted as Daria Sorcha de 'n ClaidheimhIteach. While the preposition "de" does appear in some Gaelicdictionaries with the translation "of", the examples that accompany it demonstrate that this meaning is subsidiary to its "off" aspect: it seems to be used most frequently in usages which in Latin would require the the partitive genitive ("twenty of the soldiers" or for a genitive of material "an army of birds". (The preposition itself requires the dative not the genitive used here.) Thus we have substituted the simple attributive genitive form. Note that before a masculine noun the genitive article is "a'" and the initial consonant of the noun itself is aspirated following an article in the masculine genitive singular. Also note that the adjective has been modified to put it in the genitive as well, since it must agree with the noun it modifies in number gender and case. The badge itself created a number of problems. As many commentors noted, dropping the field from the previously registered badge brought it into conflict with a number of Society and mundane items under the old rules since nodifference could be granted for the field. Under the new rules, a difference could be granted for its fieldless state so that the issue became the weight to be lent to the changesto the hand/arm and to the object held under the new rules. Note that in the new rules (Changes to Charges on Charges,X.4.j) it is noted that "charges maintained by other charges are generally too insignificant to count towards difference at all. The qualifier was placed in this rule expressly to deal with situations like this where the object held is in fact of equal size to the being/thing maintaining it. (As opposed to the usual situation in where a beast maintains a sword/flower/other artifact which is considerably smaller in size and design importance.) In terms of size and design importance the feather is equal to the cubit arm in this design and thus can be treated as having full weight for purposes of difference. In order to emphasize the fact that the quill is is fact, we have reblazoned to he badge to emphasize it primary importance in the design. Given all this, the badge does appear to be clear of Chamberlayne ("Azure, an armed arm couped at the shoulder in fess Or in the hand proper a rose gules leaved and stalked vert"), Mary Elizabeth Howard ("Azure, ermined argent, a dexter cuffed glove clenched fesswise Or.") and Cillene MacRorie ("Sable, a dexter hand fesswise couped Or grasping a fish palewise argent.").

Gaiseric Allison. Name only.

Sigvald Browncloak. Name only.

CA Wulfwyn Longtooth. Spelling correction. As noted by Brigantia and others, a vagrant insert key erroneously reinserted a deleted preposition from his name when it was registered in November, 1989.

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

CA Rhodri Longshanks. Badge. Azure, a bezant between eight ermine tails in annulo, tails to center, argent. When this was registered in November, 1989, it was noted that this would have passed under the old rules but not the new. However, the fact that this was a badge was omitted from the notation: therefore several heralds queried how this could be clear of the mundane arms of Bassingford ("Azure, a bezant.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1046). As this was a badge, only a single major point of difference was required from general mundane armory.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

CA Deorsa of Attilium. Badge. Per pale sable and Or, a thistle, slipped, its head environed by its leaves in annulo, counterchanged. As Brigantia has noted, though a holding name was formed for her device since her name was returned, her badge appeared under the returned name "Deorsa the Gentle Giant" in November, 1989. This was purely due to finger and brain fatigue. Our apologies to all concerned.

1 Kurabayashi Hikaru. Badge. Argent, in pale a Japanese crane displayed and two arrows in saltire within the uprights of a torii gate sable. This was pended in November, 1989, because the emblazon sheet provided Laurel did not match the emblazon or blazon on the letter of intent. The confusion concerned has now been resolved: the badge was designed to be as it appeared on theletter rather than as it appeared on the forms forwarded to Laurel.

KINGDOM OF CAID

01 Ann Kathryn McClure. Name and device. Gyronny from chief sable and Or, a winged lion passant and a demi-sun issuant from chief gules.

1 Collawyn Lughaidh O'Cearbhaill. Badge. Gules, two tablets conjoined in fess argent. As the tablets lacked any difference from an open book argent, this made a number of us uncomfortable due to its close resemblance to the arms of Harvard University which place three open books argent upon a gules field and charge them with sable letters. Under the old rules, the difference between three books and one alone would be sufficient since this is a badge. Under the new rules, the addition of the letters to the books added to the increase in number of books carries it clear, but it did make us a bit uncomfortable.

01 Colm Dubh. Name and device. Per fess sable and ermine, a Celtic cross per fess argent and vert.

0 Elrik of Sutherland. Name only. The given name was elaborately documented on the letter of intent as a variant of Anglo-Saxon Ælfric. This was not necessary. Geirr Bassi shows "Elrikr" as a documented Old Norse name: at least a dozen individuals in the Landnámabók bore the name.

0 Harada Tatsuoki Dokusatsu. Name only.

01 Klas Stenelehne. Name and device. Argent, two cross-peen hammers in saltire sable surmounted by an eagle's head, erased and sinister facing, gules, in base an armourer's anvil, all within a bordure sable.

01 Lucia Borromeo. Name and device. Argent, a wyvern passant gules, maintaining a quill pen, on a chief indented sable, three bees volant en arrière to dexter Or. From the arms of Venables cited by Brachet ("Argent, a wyvern passant gules.", as noted in Papworth, p. 983), there is one clear visual difference for the addition of the chief and another for the addition of the tertiaries. To put it another way, two degrees of cadency exist from the base arms: the addition of the complexly divided chief for a younger son and the addition of the bees for a son of that cadet.

01 Robert of Falcon's Craig. Name and device. Lozengy azure and argent, a falcon stooping to sinister Or.

1 Robin Stryker Fortunatus. Device. Azure, mulletty, five swords in annulo, hilts to center, argent.

1 Sarah de Montgomerie. Device. Ermine, on a pile engrailed sable, a sun Or.

1 Tristan of Westermark. Device. Argent, a clenched gauntlet bendwise inverted azure and a sinister gore sable.

01 Valeria Nausicaa Arion. Name and device. Argent, a Greek sphinx couchant purpure within a bordure rayonny azure.

0 Yamakawa Toshiko. Name only.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

CA Afon Ddraig, Shire of. Blazon correction. Per saltire sable and gules, a sea-dragon erect within a laurel wreath argent. When the group's device was registered in November, 1989, the monster was blazoned as a "wyvern" since it appeared to lack many of the distinguishing marine characteristics. However, the submittor's do appear to wish a sea-dragon.

9 Alan of Bois d'Arc. Holding name and device. Vert, on a chevron between three braziers Or, enflamed proper, a pair of open tongs sable. This submission was made under the name Alan of Darkdale,which was returned in November, 1989. The flames were blazoned as "Or" on the letter of intent, but were depicted as "proper" on the emblazon sheet. Under the old rules this would have conflicted wtih Guy d'Aigles ("Vert, a chevron between a mullet of eight points, an Arabic oil lamp enflamed, and a sword between two swords in chevron Or."), since the addition of the tertiary adds only a minor point to the difference for type. As the addition of the tertiary creates a clear visual difference under the new rules, the two are not in conflict.

1 Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge for Waterbearers' Guild. Azure, on a two-handled jug fesswise reversed argent, distilling a goutte d'eau charged with a goutte de larme, a cross of Calatrava azure. While we share Dolphin's qualms about the doubled goutte, the fact that this design as a whole is limited to two colours and the goutte treatment does not contribute difference but is more "artistic direction" persuaded us to allow it. (Besides, this cant is really too good to lose: those goutte terms did mean something originally!). Brachet raised an interesting question in querying whether this should be allowed on the grounds that the Waterbearers' badge registered to Caid was intended for a national office and was only registered for Caid for convenience since the national officer lived there. It is certainly possible for a national office to register armoury using the channel of the Kingdom to circulate the proposed armoury through the College of Arms. The Society Minister of Arts and Sciences, who lived in the East and was an unindicted co-conspirator old friend of Laurel, did so when Laurel was Brigantia Herald. However, such submissions are always clearly labelled as being for the use of the national office and are registered to the Society. Moreover, while there are deputies in the Chirurgeonate who "look out for" such support groups as waterbearers, it is not a national office in and of itself. The situation is parallel to that of the Lists Office which in one form or another exists in just about every kingdom, but does not exist on a national level. In this case, I would use as the rule of thumb for determining the validity of registering a badge whether there was a national officer for the kingdom office who had the right of warranting directly with the Crown, without intervention of any other kingdom office. In the case of the waterbearers that is not the case.

1 Carantoc of Darkdale. Device. Vert, on a chevron between three annulets in chevron and a double-headed chess knight Or, two arrows in chevron inverted sable. Check if name passed in November. This is one of the twin sons of Alan of Bois d'Arc and he has permission to conflict with both Alan and Emeric of Darkdale, his twin. However, such permission is not required under the new rules since this clears Emeric by both number and type of secondary charges (which do not demote under the new rules) and Alan by number and type of secondaries, leaving the difference in type and number of tertiaries aside.

CA Elisée du Lyonnais. Spelling correction. When her name was accepted in November, 1989, the preposition was incorrectly spelled with a "y".

1 Emeric of Darkdale. Device. Vert, in pale a chevron enhanced Or, charged with two arrows in chevron inverted sable, and two quivers of arrows in pile Or. This is one of the twin sons of Alan of Bois d'Arc and he has permission to conflict with bothAlan and Carantoc of Darkdale, his twin. However, such permission is not required under the new rules since this clears Carantoc by both number and type of secondary charges (which do not demote under the new rules) and Alan by number and type of secondaries, leaving the difference in type and number of tertiaries aside.

1 Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge. Argent, ermined, a poplar tree, its roots nowed in the form of a Ukrainian trident head inverted, all within a bordure vert.

1 Forgotten Sea, Barony of. Badge for the Order of the Trident Tree. Vert, ermined, a poplar tree, its roots nowed in the form of a Ukrainian trident head inverted, all within a bordure embattled argent.

CA Gwynne Wallace of Carlyle. Spelling correction. As noted by Green Anchor, the "de" from Elisée's name migrated into this gentle's previously registered name when his device was registered in November, 1989. This was incorrect and no name change should be assumed.

1 Jadwiga Marina Majewska. Badge. Gyronny argent, ermined purpure, and purpure, a cross flory gyronny purpure and argent within a bordure counterchanged.

H1 Malcolm of Dun Ard. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Argent, a reindeer's head, couped and sinister facing, on a chief embattled azure, two pikas addorsed argent. The submission was made under the name Malcolm MacPherson. The pika is a small, tailless, hare-like mammal with short ears which is found in Eurasia and north America. The depiction the emblazon sheet was essentially that of a tailless mouse, although that is not what the pika illustrations in our naturalists' volumes showed.

9 Regula Alicia la Placida. Device. Quarterly vert and gules, on a mullet of eight points Or, another quarterly vert and gules, all within a bordure Or. As Silver Trumpet noted, under the old rules this conflicts with Catherine Cameron Stewart Morgan (Gyronny of twelve azure and argent, a mullet of eight points withina bordure Or. Under the new rules, the addition of the tertiary is a clear visual difference and carries this clear.

0 Wyvern Cliffe, Shire of.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

9 Adrienne du Val des Roses. Badge. Purpure, a rose argent, barbed vert, within a bordure nebuly argent. Under the old rules which allowed no difference for the field, this is a conflict with the "white rose of York" since extra difference was required for royal heraldry. Under the new rules, which allow one difference for the fieldlessness of the royal badge, the addition of the bordure carries this clear. (If it makes some of us a bit nervous, that may be the price we had to pay for the compromise. . .).

1 Aelfric of Purbeck. Device. Azure, on a bend dovetailed argent between two dragons passant Or, three crosses Potent fitchy palewise gules.

1 Alexandra the Black Sheep. Device. Or, billetty vert, a sheep fesswise tergiant displayed sable. As noted by several commentors, the primary charge cannot be blazoned as a sheepskin since that is already defined as a sheep's fleece (as in the insignia of Golden Fleece). What she clearly wants is a sheepskin rug; what she has drawn is a flattened sheep. [It's not quite road kill heraldry, but. . .].

1 Anastasia Katherine aus Speyer. Device. Per bend sinister argent and azure, three thistles, slipped and leaved, and a lynch couchant guardant counterchanged.

0 Antony of Northshield. Name only.

H1 Baga Aleea. Holding name and device. Per chevron sable and argent, three open fans, each charged with a butterfly, all counterchanged. Since the submittor allowed a holding name, we used some artistic license in forming the holding name by rearranging the acceptable components of her submitted name to form the holding name, rather than registering the submission under the name of "Marcella ofthe Debatable Lands". As this technically is a holding name, the submittor's right to free resubmission is not compromised.

CA Balian FitzGilbert. Blazon correction. Azure, a two-headed lion rampant guardant to sinister, in chief three crosses potent Or. When the device was registered in November, 1989, the beast's guardedness was omitted.

0 Barobrand Hissgant. Name only. The components of the name have been extensively documented as plausible constructs by Schwarzdrachen's linguistic researches in German sources.

01 Brianna Yseulte Wynman. Name and device. Per pale gules and sable, on a chevron embattled Or between three ivy leaves argent, two foxes courant respectant sable. Note that the foxes are blazoned as salient on letter, but are in position normal for foxes courant on a chevron.

1 Brianna Yseulte Wynman. Badge. Gyronny argent and vert, eight oak leaves conjoined in annulo counterchanged.

1 Cainder of Loch Suili. Badge. Argent, a winged tyger passant between two flaunches gules. Note that complete difference of type of primary charge cannot apply against the device of Roger Alton of the Desert ("Argent, a vulture displayed wings inverted sable, ruffed argent, between two flaunches gules.") cited by some commentors because the secondaries are flaunches. However, in this case there is one difference for type of charge (monster versus vulture) and another for the posture of the animate charge (one is passant fesswise, wings addorsed, and the other is vertical with wings displayed and inverted). This is true under the old rules as under the new.

01 Constantine the Varangian. Badge for House Kayell. Sable, an axe within an orle of mullets of six points argent. While the francesque in the arms of Francesca the Bemused ("Sable, a torse encircling a francisca, haft couped, argent.") is indeed argent, not "proper" as blazoned on the letter of intent, there are two differences in the secondary charges: type and number. Thus the two are clear under both old and new rules.

1 Drachensheim, Shire of. Reblazon of arms. Or, a dragon passant gules atop and its tail entwined about a tower sable, the whole within a laurel wreath gules. The shire has experienced some difficulties with misrepresentation of the position of the tail with the previous use of "encircling" since some artists have represented it as environing the tower in annulo.

1 Drachensheim, Shire of. Badge. Or, a dragon passant gules atop and its tail entwined about a tower sable. This is their device without the laurel wreath.After some consideration of the conflict with Mountjoy ("Or, a castle sable.", as cited in Papworth, p. 365) called by Silver Trumpet, we determined that the primary charge here is in fact the dragon. Thus there is no conflict under the new rules since the primary charge changes. While this is strongly reminiscent of the arms of Charles of Dublin ("Or, a dragon passant on a cloud gules above a castle triply-towered azure."), there is a distinct difference for the change of tincture of the building. Aftera comparison of the emblazons, we decided that the cloud on which Charles' dragon stalks is a significant enough component of the design that it must be considered a secondary charge under either set of rules and therefore its addition carries the two pieces of armory clear.

01 Eberstal, Shire of. Name and device. Or, a boar's head couped sable within a laurel wreath vert, all between three pine trees couped vert.

0 Erdvilas Pasaulietiskas. Name only. The name means "Erdvilas the Profane" and appears to be a valid Lithuanian name formation.

01 Ervald La Coudre the Unlucky. Name and device. Azure, chapé argent, three legs flexed and conjoined in pall at the hip Or, a base argent.

01 Feena Bothildardottir. Name and device. Purpure, a rose and on a chief indented ermine, three double-bitted axes purpure. The name was submitted as Feena Bothvildsdottir. The form used on the letter of intent is a Germanicized form from the Old Norse "Bothildr", given by Geirr Bassi (p. 8) and thus not appropriate with the Old Norse suffix. Such feminine names regularly formed their genitives in "-ar", rather than in "-s" like most masculine names. Note that the given name appears to be an acceptable Anglicized form of "Fiadnat". However, if the submittor wishes a distinctly period spelling for an Irish name pronounced as she seems to wish her name pronounced, she would opt for "Fine", the name of a ninth-century Irish abbess (O Corrain and Maguire, Gaelic Personal Names, p. 99­100).

0 Findabhair ni Chonaill. Name only. The given name is the equivalent of the Welsh "Gwenhwyfar" (i.e, Gwenevere). While the form that appears in O Corrain and Maguire (GaelicPersonalNames, p.100­101)is "Finnabair"/"Fionnabhair", Old Irish appears to use "Find" where Middle Irish and modern Irish use "finn" or "Fionn" in forming names. At any rate, Old Irish sources show "Finnén" as "Findén" and "Finnbar" as "Findbarr" (Thurneyson, A Grammar of Old Irish, p.175).

0 Guido of Trinacria. Name only. The name was submitted as Guido of Tinacria. Unfortunately, the citation in the New Catholic Encyclopedia on Sicily from which this spelling was derived contained a typo (this particular encylopedia is somewhat notorious for its typographical irregularities when it comes to proper names). The classical name for Sicily was "Trinacria".

0 Gwennyth of Tanglewood. Name only.

0 Joseph Bearshoulders. Name only.

01 Katherine Fletcher of Stonemarche. Name and device. Per pale Or and azure, in fess a cubit arm maintaining an arrow palewise inverted sable conjoined in chevron inverted to another maintaining an arrow palewise Or.

0 Ludwig von Schwartzberg. Name only.

9 Lughaid O Nialláin. Device. Per bend sinister vert and purpure, on a bend cotised argent, five crosses formy fitchy at all points gules. As Silver Trumpet noted, this is technically in conflict with Robin of Rhovanion ("Sable, on a bend cotised argent, a scarpe raguly gules.") under the old rules, but passes under the new.

01 Merwen Aelfscinu. Name and device. Purpure, a needle bendwise sinister, eye to chief, Or and a chief wavy erminois.

0 Matthiu van der Zee. Name only.

7 Morgan Nightbear. Change of blazon. A unicornate pegasus salient, wings displayed azure. When registered in March, 1987, the depiction on the emblazon sheet for the badge led us to believe that the submittor was aiming at a unicorn, but he apparently really wanted a pegasus variant. While much heat and light over the difference between a unicornate pegasus and a winged unicorn has been generated over the years and Silver Trumpet is correct in stating that the one has been technically banned for some years while the other is allowed, we have a great deal of difficulty in justifying this distinction to ourselves or to submittors. The range of period depictions of unicorns range widely (although they are generally goatish or antelopish) and vary from period to period. A majority of more recent (i.e., out of period ) depictions are distinctly equine and that fits into the modern legendry rather well. The distinction in form probably does have validity in theory based on art and history.However, given the freedom with which we have created monsters in the Society by mixing and matching elements of period beasts and monsters, a ban on horned horses seems to be an excess of purism to say the least. The new rules allow formation of monsters on the analogy of period monsters as long as all the elements are clearly identifiable in the resulting monster, which is clearly the case in a horned horse or horned pegasus.If we allow creation of a unicornate natural sea horse, it is difficult to see why we should not allow a unicornate horse and blazon it as such.

0 Praxedia von Hagenstein. Name only.

5 Robert Buchanan of Linlithgow. Name only. Silver Trumpet is correct in noting that under the old rules this name conflicts with that of the British poet and novelist Robert Buchanan. Under the new rules, this name is clear since there are three or fewer elements in both (Addition of One Phrase, V.2).

5 Seamus O Flaithbhearthaigh. Name only. The spelling of the surname is documented from MacLysaght's Irish Families, p. 146, and seems to be associated with Galway. By the submittor's own documentation, under the old rules this would be a conflict with the nineteenth-century historian James O'Laverty (O'Laverty is an Ulster variant of O'Flaherty). Under the new rules the distinct cumulative differences in sound and spelling to the two names and the fact that the historian appears never to have used the Irish form of his name carry the two clear.

01 Siegfried von Hallstern. Badge for House Full Circle. Ermine, a sword inverted sable enfiled by an annulet purpure.

0 Susanne Karlsson. Name only.

0 Thomas Dettenow. Name only.

01 Tiphaine de Montaigne. Name and device. Vert, two camelopards salient reguardant, necks crossed in saltire, Or, pelletty.

09 Tirza bithe Reaboughes. Name and device. Per pale vert and azure, a lion passant guardant within a mascle of four swords inverted argent. Under the old rules, this would conflict with the badge of Arnulf Adler, cited in the letter of intent ("An eagle displayed Or within and grasping a mascle of four swords proper."). Under the new rules this is clear by virtue of the allowance for fieldlessness.

0 Valgard Bláhönd. Name only. The epithet means "Blue Hand".

0 Whyt Whey, Canton of. Name only. After much discussion, we decided that this came under the "Rule of Toyota". (Yes, this is a Canton in Manhattan. . .).

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

01 Alexander Brighthelmston. Name and device. Gules, two swords in saltire between four helms facing to sinister, all within a bordure Or.

0 Balin Ulfstein. Name only.

0 Bran na Fé. Name only. The name was submitted as Bran de na Fé.As noted above for Daria Sorchaa'ChlaidheimhIteaich (Ansteorra),the preposition "de" seems to be used most frequently in usages which in Latin would require the partitive genitive ("twenty of the soldiers" or for a genitive of material "an army of birds". (The preposition itself requires the dative not the genitive used here.). Therefore we have dropped the preposition and used the simple genitive. It must be admitted that this name caused a lot of unease since it combines the given name of Bran the Blessed with an epithet that looks like "the Fey", no matter what it means. The submittor did, however, provide documentation for "Fé" as an Irish genitive form for a word meaning "measuring rod" and, since the "twitch factor" in the College was not excessively strong, we feel bound to register the name, once modified for correct grammar. However, if the submittor is really interested in indicating a surveying background or some such rather than a past history in the fairy mounds, it might be kind to tell him that the more common term for a measuring rod in Irish is in fact "Slat tomhais" which would cause not twitches at all!

1 Brenna Lowri o Ruthin. Badge. On a lozenge engrailed Or, an equal-armed Celtic cross azure. This was pended from the April, 1989, meeting for since the emblazon and blazon were not clear for the commenting heralds. It was reconsidered at the August, 1989, meeting and should have been published at that time. Our apologies to the submittor and her consulting heralds.

9 Brigid Morin. Device. Ermine, a rose gules, slipped and leaved vert, within a bordure sable. As the rose is a distinctly red gules, it cannot be blazoned as a Damask rose proper which Society convention makes pink. Under the old rules this would conflict with the badge of Dana of Coleraine ("A primrose gules, slipped, leaved and seeded proper.") as no difference is allowed for the field. Under the new rules both field and bordure count as differences so this is clear.

0 Cynwulf Eppingas. Name only. As Ensign has noted, since Domesday gives the form "Eppinges" and the the Saxon form seems to have been "Yppingas" for the town now known as "Epping", this appears to be a valid form for the byname.

01 Diana of Dymock. Name and device. Lozengy gules and Or, a gardenia argent, leaved vert, within a bordure ermine. The field is lozengy as depicted on the emblazon shown on the letter of intent, not chequy as blazoned.

0 Eadric de Charbonnet. Name only.

1 Eric de Northwode. Device. Argent, on a fess vert between three oak leaves sable, a unicorn couchant argent.

0 Eugenius Magnus ap Llwyd. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

0 Galen Tobias Engelram. Name only.

0 Grifphon Shadow, Canton of. Name only.

0 Gwynneth Annora. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

1 Gwenivere Perreal Smythe. Device. Vert, a palomino horse couchant reguardant proper, on a chief potenty Or, a sun pierced by an arrow fesswise, barb to sinister, sable. Note that her registered name is the form, not that used on her submission forms or on the letter of intent. While the mini-emblazon did not show the sun pierced by the arrow that actual emblazon does, although this is admittedly somewhat obscured by the fact that the two charges are the same tincture. The point, however, is that the two charges are a unit, just as two charges in saltire would be, and should not be considered separate layers for considering complexity (the fact that they are the same colour only increases this unity). Our congratulations to the lady for one of the most improved resubmissions during the current Laurel's tenure (even the fact that the horse really is a palomino proper is not a problem since there is excellent contrast between the horse Or, maned argent, and the vert field.)

1 Kieran Storn. Badge.Gules, a seabull rampant argent, tailed nowed Or.

0 Malcolm Keith. Name only.

C5 Ragnar Skadeskudtr Sigtryggson fra Stardstind. Spelling correction of personal name and name for House Blazing Gauntlets (see RETURNS for household badge). When the name was registered in December, 1989, the the second element suffered a typo: "Skadedkudtr". Under the new administrative rules, a household name may be registered without an accompanying badge. Although this meeting was technically held the week before the Board of Directors authorized use of the new administrative rules, we deemed it inappropriate to return this on that fine a point since the final determinations and letter were done after the Board meeting.

1 Raushan ibn Khursheed. Device. Or, a scorpion palewise between two scimitars palewise, blades outwards, all within a bordure sable.

0 Rudiger Macklin. Name only. The name was submitted as Rudigor Macklin. However, the submittor's documentation and the sources available to us only supported the form in "e".

0 Wyrmgeist, Shire of. Name only.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

01 Alexandra Radcliffe. Name and device. Or, a cat's face jessant of a sword inverted palewise, within a bordure sable. With regard to the device of Lenore of Lynxhaven ("Or, a lynx's head cabossed sable, orbed Or."), cited by Silver Trumpet, under both rules the addition of the sword and the addition of the bordure would count full weight and so this is clear. In the case of the return of the badge for the Order of the Calon Lily in May, 1989, alluded to by Silver Trumpet, the conflict was between a fleur-de-ly and a head jessant-de-lys in which the basic outline of the fleurs-de-lys was only minimally modified by the addition of the wolf's head.In this case, the sword adds a major new component to the shape of the collocation of primary charges.

1 Ambrosius the Grey. Badge and transfer of previously registered designation House Whitebear. Sable, a bear rampant to sinister argent within an annulet gyronny argent and azure. The designation of House Whitebear, previously associated with the badge "Gyronny of fourteen azure and argent, a decrescent gules charged with a bear rampant to sinister argent.", is transferred to this newly registered badge. The previous household badge will be retained for his personal use. Note that the byname appeared in this form on the letter of intent and is the registered form of the name. However, the forms had the spelling of the byname as "Gray". If the submittor uses the "American" spelling of the colour, this needs to be rectified.

01 Angela di Udine. Name and device. Or, a lute bendwise sinister azure within a bordure embattled gules. The letter of intent and the device form (labelled "redrawn" and without the submittor's signature) had the form "Angelina", but the name form which was signed by the submittor and which presumably represents her actual desire, had the primary form registered here. The diminutive form is perfectly acceptable, however, if that is her true intent.

CA Brilliana de Montreau. Blazon correction. Per fess purpure and Or, on a pale counterchanged between in chief two fleurs-de-lys, a fleur-de-lys Or. When registered in November, 1989, the pale was erroneously blazoned on the letter of acceptance and return as a fess.

1 Catalina de Almería y Tiermas. Badge. A cushion crosswise argent within a necklace of beads in annulo gules, its thread knotted in sinister chief and passing through the eye of a needle bendwise sinister, point to base, Or, piercing the cushion. This pushes at the very limits of complexity for a badge, under both old rules and new. However, we suspect that this could occur in sixteenth-century Spain, which was presumably the submittor's intent.

CA Christiana la Légière. Blazon modification. Vert, a bend sinister enhanced and a sinister gore Or. When the submission was registered in August, 1989, the position of the bend was not specified since a properly depicted gore sinister would compel enhancement of the bend in this design. However, as White Stag has expressed concern about the possible misrepresentation of the device, we have added that time-honoured Society modifier "enhanced". Note that at the time the name was accepted, a typo accidentally dropped the accent from the first "e": generally speaking, in French when an "e" falls between an "l" and a "g" in the first syllable of a word it is accented (we were only able to find one exception to this rule and this was a monosyllable). The form should be as given above, which is the way it appeared on the August, 1989, letter.

0 Christopher McPherson. Name only.

0 Coileáin Olafsson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

01 Conn MacFaelad. Name and device. Per fess gules, mullet of six points argent, and sable, a wolf rampant to sinister argent.

1 Cymber of the Darkwater. Augmented device. Barry wavy azure and argent, a swan rousant sable, beaked and membered gules, gorged of a comital coronet Or, and a gore sinister purpure. This adds the county coronet to her previously registered device.

1 Eadgith of Sevenoaks. Device. Vert, bezanty, a goose statant to sinister argent.

7 Edward Ashwell of the Crossbow. Device. Azure, a crossbow Or, on a fess bretassy argent, three estoiles gules. As Silver Crescent seemed to be in some doubt concerning the intent of the new rules, let us state clearly that charges overall are considered to lie directly on the field although not entirely on the field for purposes of style and conflict. The wording of the section on layering was specifically worded to allow charging of charges overall in the wake of evidence presented by White Stag.

0 Elaine nic Ruari. Name only.

0 Finn Einarsson. Name only.

1 Gwyneth Maeve of Falconguard. Badge. A dragon sejant erect gules, semy-de-lys Or, maintaining a glaive palewise argent, hafted Or.

1 Gwyneth Maeve of Falconguard. Badge. A cross flory sable, overall a pellet charged with a harp Or within a torse wreathed Or and gules. We would dearly have loved to retain White Stag's blazon of a "cross nowy flory", but the fact of the matter is that any reasonable heraldic artist would draw such a cross with much smaller nowing than exists here, producing microscopic tertiary charges.

7 Haroun ibn al-Dhi'b al-Abyadh. Change of device. Argent, on a fess humetty between the Arabic words "al-'izz wa al-baqa" and "wa al-zafar bi-il-a'da" vert a scimitar, blade to chief, argent. The new rules technically allow letters and symbols on devices where they can be shown to have been used in period heraldry and the submittor has amply demonstrated the use of such inscriptions in period Arabic heraldry, although it is dubious that they were considered charges as such. This having been said, the question arose as to whether the inscription met the requirements for identifiability which are set by present and past rules. After some discussion, we decided that they did given the limitations on differencing noted by White Stag and others: that all that is protected is "Argent, on a fess humetty between two blocks of Arabic script. . .". The inscriptions are readily identifiable to even one without any expertise in things Arabic as being Arabic script. The inclusion of the precise wording in the device is simply to reflect the desires of the submittor and guarantee a precise and acceptable depiction of the script by an artist (as we sometimes will blazon artistic details where they have canting value or depart from defaults). His previous device ("Sable, a wolf passant to sinister argent, in base a scimitar fesswise reversed Or.") becomes a badge.

1 Ian of Nightsgate. Device. Argent, a sun between a fret of four swords sable.

01 Ina Estroboren. Blazon correction. Per chevron sable and gules, a pall inverted between two dragons combattant and a rose Or. When her device was registeredin November, 1989, the inversion of the pall was omitted from the blazon.

0 Iric Iulian of Black Elk. Name only.

0 Ja'far al Ta-ib Abdurrahim ibn 'Attali. Name only. The name was submitted as Ja'far al Ta-ib Abdurrahim ibn 'Attal. Since the last element seems to be purely verbal, we have adopted Da'ud's suggestion and used the epithet "Attali" which has the meaning the submittor appears to have been trying for. The use of the name "Abdurrahman" made us a bit nervous, given that it is so closely associated with the "last of the Ummayids" and founder of a new dynasty of rulers of Andalusia. However, there were others of the name, some named in memory of this warrior prince and so the name is not unique.

1 Jago Redbeard. Badge. Two lightning bolts in saltire vert, overall an hourglass Or.

9 Judith of Acre. Device. Per bend Or and azure, in bend sinister a dragon rampant to sinister and a lion rampant guardant counterchanged. There was a considerable consensus that the lion was rampant not passant as on the letter of intent and the previous submission. However, there was also a considerable consensus that this was technically clear of Vennor ("Per bend Or and azure, two lions rampant counterchanged.") under the new rules.

01 Katharine de Chauny. Name and device. Azure, a fess of five lozenges between a compass star and a tower, all within a bordure argent.

56 Morgan Griffin. Name and device. Gyronny pean and gules, a griffin's head, erased and sinister facing, Or within a bordure counterchanged. Under the old rules the name would conflict with that of Morgan Griffith of York; under the new it is clear since there are three or fewer elements in both names. Conversely, the device would fail for lack of contrast in the field and the bordure under the new rules, but under the old it is technically acceptable and passes under the "grace period". As Silver Trumpet noted, a case of exquisite timing!

9 Outlands, Kingdom of the. Badge (see RETURNS for designation). On a bomb Or, a trefoil vert. As noted below under RETURNS, this badge cannot be registered for the purpose stated in the letter of intent, i.e., for the use of the Trefoil Herald and his staff. However, the forms indicate the will of the Crown of the Outlands that this be registered as an Outlandish badge and so it cannot be registered as a personal badge for Stefan Laskowski. Since the Crown is willing to have it registered to the Kingdom and assume responsibility for its proper use, we have so registered it. Note that under the old rules this would conflict with Dancastle ("Azure, a fireball Or, enflamed proper.", as cited in Papworth, p. 835).

0 Rebecca Marie MacLeod. Name only.

08 Rhys Afalwin. Name and device. Argent, a cyder press sable between three apples gules, slipped and leaved proper. Under the old rules this squeaks clear of Apleton ("Argent, a fess sable between three apples gules, stalked vert.", cited in Papworth, p. 757) by virtue of the "point and a half rule". Under the new rules, this is a conflict.

1 Ruter Rothbart von Rothenburg. Badge. Per pale azure and sable, an eagle's sinister wing ending in a hand Or, maintaining a seax fesswise argent.

0 Sharon of the Roses. Name only. This made some in the College, including Laurel staff, twitchy in view of the use of the title "Rose of Sharon" for the Virgin Mary. However, since her mundane name is Sharon and no one seemed really offended by it, we decided it came under the "Rule of Toyota".

01 Sidonia of Seven Oaks. Name and device. Azure, a butterfly argent between four acors in cross Or, all within a bordure embattled argent.

1 Tess of the Crossings. Device. Or, on a pale bretassy between two roses, slipped and leaved, proper, a thunderbolt palewise Or.

1 Torcail Gillghaolain. Device. Azure, a mouse rampant to sinister Or between two apples palewise in bend sinister argent. The mouse was blazoned on the letter of intent as statant erect and sejant erect, but it is really rampant. [Irreverent comment from meeting: "Rodents rampant, the unofficial seal of Hamelin!"].

01 Tuathal of Tehri. Badge for Mackerel Hall. Gules, a mackerel naiant to sinister per fess azure and argent.

1 Veronica of the Dragons. Badge (see RETURNS for household name). Per fess nebuly gules and vert, in pale two geese volant argent.

KINGDOM OF TRIMARIS

1 Johannes von Drachenberg. Device. Or, on a pile inverted sable between two Egyptian lotus blossoms in profile purpure, a dragon passant Or. The device was pended from the September, 1989, meeting because the monster was blazoned on the letter of intent as a "griffin" causing some confusion amongst the commentors as to its proper identity.

1 Mikael du Mouchel. Device. Quarterly sable and gules, a Maltese cross argent, on a chief embattled Or, in saltire two arrows inverted sable. This device was pended from the September, 1989, meeting because the miniature emblazon did not show the field quarterly while the blazon did not note the embattled nature of the chief shown by the miniature emblazon on the letter of intent. Since this confused some commentors, this was pended for further conflict checking.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

0 Adelbert von Strasburg. Change of name from David of Aneala.

0 Alexandra Kiriana Lyubimova. Name only. The name was submitted as Alexandra Kiriana Lyubimov.As is usual for Russian names, we have modified the surname to the feminine form.

0 Aveline de Roet. Name only.

0 Beringer von Hohenstein. Name only.

1 Cassandre de la Tour. Device. Gules, a tower argent, in chief three fleurs-de-lys, all within a bordure Or.

1 Edward Oakenheart. Change of device. Argent, a pale wavy gules, on a chief sable, three plates.

CA Eleanor Terrington. Blazon correction. Or, a blackbird rising, wings elevated and addorsed, purpure, within a bordure sable charged with six millet heads in orle Or. When this was registered in November, 1989, the "i" in the millet heads transmuted into a "u" with somewhat startling results as Mistress Marta noted.

1 Elizabeth of Gordonsward. Device. Argent, a setter statant sable within a bordure purpure, semy of pawprints argent.

CA Elizabeth Saint Clair. Blazon correction. Vert, two goblets in fess between three mullets of eight points Or. As Brigantia has noted, when the device was registered in November, 1989, the position of the modifier made the mullets, not the goblets, the charges in fess.

59 Elspeth Buchannane of Loch Lomond. Name and device. Argent, a swan naiant sable within an annulet azure. The name appeared on the letter of intent as Elspeth Buchannane of Loch Lommond, but the forms had the correct spelling shown above. Under the new rules the addition of the locative easily carries this clear of Elspeth Buchan, founder of the Buchanite religious sect. Under the old rules, this would be a conflict with Sinead Laurel Aithne Armagh ("Argent, a swan naiant sable, on a chief embattled azure, three pink dogwood blossoms proper."), cited in the letter of intent: there is major for change of type of secondary and a minor for addition of the tertiaries. Under the new rules, the same changes produce two clear visual differences.

01 Hafdan Shieldbreaker. Name and device. Per pale sable and Or, a griffin segreant and on a chief two griffins segreant counterchanged. Charging a chief with the same charge(s) that serve as the primary charge is rather eccentric but legal.

0 Joab Cohen. Name only.

0 Julian du Bois. Name only.

01 Katherine Goodpasture. Name and device. Per fess and per pale embattled erminois and gules, in bend sinister two talbots passant Or.

01 Katherine of the Black Eagles. Name and device. Sable, three roses, on a chief triangular argent, an eagle striking sable. Although this was noted on the letter of intent as a new name and device, the name was not new. The lady's previous name submission (Yekaterina Chornyk Orlov) was returned in July, 1987: "the conjunction of the name Katharine and the black eagle of the Imperial Russian arms in the Russian languages was 'too much'". The name is now in English and drops the princely surname "Orlov" so the name no longer creates the twitches it once did.

0 Kiriana Michaelson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

0 Leif Gregson. Name only.

0 Maythen Gervaise. Change of name from Maythen of Elfhaven.

1 Martin de Mont Blanc. Device. Purpure, four bendlets enhanced and in base a mullet Or.

1 Morag Freyser. Device. Per pale argent and gules, a fret counterchanged, on a chief per pale vert and argent, three lozenges counterchanged.

1 Ragnar Beowulf. Device. Per chevron sable and argent, two gouttes and a turtle tergiant counterchanged. Under both old and new rules, we felt this was clear from Todric han Raullsohn Koenig ("Per chevron sable and argent, in chief two alembics crossed in saltire at the tips argent and in base a flame proper.") by complete difference of charge.

01 Rhianwen of Ravenspur. Name and device. Per pale argent and sable, a raven volant to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, within a bordure semy of roses, all counterchanged.

1 Saint Brendan, College of. Device. Azure, in cross five mullets of eight points, on a chief argent, three laurel wreaths vert.

1 Serena of Canton. Device. Argent, a Chinese dragon in annulo, head to sinister, sable, on a chief doubly arched gules, three plates.

1 Susan of Wight. Device. Or, on a fess between four compass stars, three and one, Or, a castle sable.

0 Tristram Broderson. Name only.

1 Weyland O'Faoláin. Device. Per fess embattled vert and Or, in chief a torque, opening to chief, Or.

0 Wiglaf Wilfriding. Change of Name from Wiglaf Wilfridson.

0 Wilhelm von Düsseldorf. Name only.

01 William Fraser. Name and device. Vert, a stag's head couped affronty argent, on a chief Or, three thistles, slipped and leaved, gules.

0 Wulfgar of the Frozen Isle. Name only.

0 Wulfstan of Broxton. Name only.

H1 Frances of Aneala. Holding name and device. Ermine, a pavilion affronty within a bordure wavy sable. The submission was made under the name of Zarifah Um-el-Laban al-Badawi, which was returned in November, 1989.

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE RETURNED:

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

3 Ælfgar the Pure. Device. Azure, a heron statant close Or. Under both sets of rules this conflicts with Fithie ("Azure, a crane argent.", cited in Papworth, p. 305) and Roper ("Sable, a stork Or.", ibid.): there is no heraldic difference between a heron, a crane and a stork. Additionally, this representation of the bird is distinctly three-dimensional. . .

3 Alaric of Phoenix Fens. Badge. Gules, in fess a harp and a lion rampant Or. Hund and the others who called this in conflict with the familiar arms of Richard the Lionheart ("Gules, two lions combattant Or.") are correct: even under the old rules these famous royal arms would deserve additional protection and the only change here is the substitution of the harp for one lion. As we do not consider alternatives at the Laurel level, the mention of an alternative badge is somewhat superfluous, but it may be noted that the addition of a bordure to the current design would produce new conflicts such as Grey ("Gules, a lion rampant within a bordure Or.").

3 Aurelia of Great Faringdon. Device. Chequy gules and argent, a compass star of eight greater and eight lesser points Or. Conflict under both rules with Paul of Sunriver ("Azure, a compass star Or.").

3 Denewynn von Alsenz. Device. Purpure, a bend wavy between four plates. Conflict with Ruatha Anne ("Purpure, a harpy argent between four plates."): as the change in position of the plates derives entirely from the change in type of primary charge, there is only one difference: the change in type of primary charge. This is a conflict under both sets of rules.

3 James the Tormentor. Device. Per bend sinister embattled argent and azure, a double-seated lymphad reversed proper, sailed Or. Under both old and new rules this is a conflict with Echlin ("Argent, a galley proper.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1088) and Meares ("Argent, a three masted galley, her sails furled proper."). Under both sets of rules there is a point of difference for the field. Had the sails adequate contrast with the field, they might be considered important enough to give the additional minor point of difference required under the old rules. However, the Or sails are placed entirely on the argent portion of the field and so are essentially invisible. No additional difference can be derived (the difference between a lymphad and a galley is not significant).

2 John Alexander. Name only. We had to agree with those who felt that this name conflicts with the previously registered name of Ian Alexander. Not only is the translation of John and Ian a common one, but the sound of the two names, when properly pronounced is distinctly similar.

3 Kendrick MacDonald the Stout Heart. Device. Azure, on a sun Or, within the pieces of two swords in saltire fracted proper, a heart gules, all within a bordure argent, crusilly fitchy azure. Between their reduction in size, their fracting and the peculiar arrangement, the swords on this device were virtually unidentifiable. Even if this were not the case, there is the problem of the name: although it was listed on the letter of intent as already registered, we could find no file for it. It is possible that it has been misfiled, but without further information on the date of passage, etc., it will be difficult for us to locate it. (Note that the fact that the submittor noted that the name had been registered on his forms is not evidence: many "old timers" perpetuate the myth that a name is registered if it appears on the membership card you get from "the Registry".

2 Rhiannon Gealeshier. Name only. On the letter of intent the documented surname "Geale" and the name element "-shier" were cited from Ewen's History of Surnames of the British Isles with the comment that "this may be a correct construction for a British locative name". [Italics ours.] In point of fact, as Ensign has noted, the surname is documented as a Flemish name, not an English one and "-shier", like"-shire" is an English place name element. The two may not be mixed in a single word without documentation that this is a period occurrence. As the submittor allowed no changes whatsoever to her name, we could not try to find an acceptable alternate.

3 River's Gate, Shire of. Device. Per fess engrailed argent and azure, a demi-sun issant from the line of division gules between a dolphin embowed and sinister facing azure, spined and finned gules, and a laurel wreath argent. As noted by several commentors, this falls under the ban against "slot machine heraldry", i.e., the ban on more than two types of charge in the same group, which exists in both old and new rules (Tincture and Charge Limit, VIII.1.a). Were the sun truly a primary charge with the two charges on either side of it distinctively secondary, this would not be the case. However, the position of the sun issuant from the line of division guarantees that the sun cannot have the centrality and size which would clearly remove it from the group of three objects in pale.

3 Seamus as a'Ghlinne Easgaiche. Device. Azure, three piles issuant from sinister argent. As noted by several commentors, this conflicts under both rules with Laing ("Azure, three piles in chief argent.", cited in Papworth, p. 1027): there is only one difference for the orientation of the piles. This is also a direct visual conflict with Seward ("Per pale indented azure and argent.", cited in Papworth, p. 1001): the period depiction of the per pale indented field showed large indentations reaching nearly to the edges of the shield such as appear here.

23 Uthyr Tallfellow. Name and device. Lozengy pean and gules, a dexter gauntlet, appaumy and erased, argent, grasping a baton bottonny bendwise sinister Or. As noted by Mistress Keridwen, the name "Uthyr" or "Uther" appears to be unique to the Pendragon. After a diligent search by Laurel staff, no clear examples of period use of the name by others could be found in period. (Note that the citation from Yonge mentioned in the letter of intent refers only to that mythic individual who was father of Arthur.) The device has insufficient contrast between the portions of the lozengy field under both sets of rules: pean and gules do not have sufficient contrast for these sorts of multiply divided fields even under the old rules.

2 Valand the Seabourne. Name only. The letter of intent cited a number of forms in "Weyland", "Weland", etc. used by humans in period, but the only forms noted beginning in "V" were associated with Norse myth. We could find no form in Geirr Bassi which would produce this, either as an Anglicised form or straight Norse abbreviation. Without some evidence that the name or a closer analogue was used by humans in period, not merely by characters from Norse myth, we cannot register it. Also, the epithet does not seem to mean what the submittor thought. The documentation indicated that the submittor thought "Seabourne" meant "sea warrior". This is not the case. Since "bourne" can refer to a stream or brook (it is cognate with "burn") and by derivation to a boundary, "Seabourne" would be an acceptable place name. If that were the case, however, the article would have to be dropped to use the form "X of Seabourne" or "X Seabourne". If the submittor wants to indicate that he was born at sea, he should use the form "X Seaborn". While it would be unlikely as a period surname or epithet, a typical Society epithet might indicate that he was carried across the sea: "Seaborne".

KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA

3 Gunnora Hallakarva. Device. Per bend embattled Or and azure, a male kestrel striking proper, maintaining in its dexter talon an axe and in its sinister talon a ring of three keys Or (Falco sparverius). As Brachet noted both at the time of the original return, the gender of the kestrel must be noted since it significantly affects the tincture of the bird. Since the markings of the bird have been significantly modified since the original submission and now include the distinctive slate blue of the male kestrel, we are inclined to think that this is the intent of the submittor. Were this the case, we would be inclined to consider this clear by the significant change of tincture from both Tober Thorvald ("Vert, an osprey volant proper.") and Falkh of Ratisbon ("Per bend Or and gules, a falcon rising wings elevated proper.") for which the submission was originally returned. However, the bird as depicted on the emblazon sheet conforms to neither the male nor female markings of the bird: the male has slate blue wings and head, a single stripe on its tail and spots on its breast while the female has reddish wings and head, a barred tail and stripes on the breast. The bird illustrated on the emblazon sheet is rather androgynous: slate blue head, reddish wings no stripes and a plain tail and plain white breast. Since the sexual dimorphism (as Brachet so elegantly expresses it) is critical to the question of difference (in this posture a male would be predominantly slate blue and spotted and thus clear of the default European falcon), we feel this must be returned.

KINGDOM OF CAID

3 Caid, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Acorn. Azure, an acorn within a bordure embattled argent. After a comparison of the emblazons, we had to agree with the Brachet meeting that this was just too close visually to the badge of the Barony of Dragonship Haven ("Azure, a hawk's bell within a bordure embattled argent.") to pass without permission.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

3 Abaigeal Fairchild. Device. Quarterly vert and gules, five hearts, conjoined in annulo, bases to center, Or, voided vert, all within a bordure Or. On the letter of intent, the charge conjunction was blazoned as "a rose Or, each petal charged with a heart and seeded of a star vert". This does not accurately represent the depiction here which is not really that of a heraldic rose, lacking as it does the barbing. The blazon of the local herald given on the letter ("5 hearts in annulo, points to center, Or, voided vert" is far more accurate, were the charges alone considered. However, for this to be totally accurate, the area at the center of the shield would have to be divided quarterly as is the remainder of the field and it is not: it is vert. All in all, this is not period style. Leaving aside the issue of whether a single heart is too complex to fimbriate under the new rules, there is no doubt that the "voided heart" effect is too complex, especially when the hearts are conjoined in this unusual manner to form a pseudo-rose. The anomaly of the field tincture at the center of the field only increases the difficulty of identification here: even if you try and call it a single rose, there is substantial agreement in the College that the petals of a rose should not be voided, whether or not it is so blazoned. . .

2 Malcolm MacPherson. Name only. The name is identical to that of the Malcolm MacPherson whose name was registered in July, 1984. (They are different people!).

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

3 Aelfric of Purbeck. Badge. Or, fretty azure, on a pale gules, a cross potent fitchy Or. Under both sets of rules this would be a visual conflict with Wright ("Argent, on a pale gules, a cross crosslet fitchy Or.", cited in Papworth, p. 1005): the two crosses are functionally identical.

2 Aleea Baga. Name only. The submittor marvellously documented the elements of her name with a scholarly article from Names (the journal of the American Name Society) on Mongolian personal names. (Indeed, this article on an area for which we have so few sources was so good we might have reproduced it, at least in part, if the photocopy supplied with the forms had been better: if someone in the Eastern college has access to this article from the June, 1962 issue, we suspect many in the college would be grateful for a copy.) Unfortunately, while the examples support the usage of such elements in personal names in period, all the examples show the adjective preceding the noun and we must conclude that this is standard practise in Mongolian, at least for names.Thus the form of the name should be "Baga Aleea". Unfortunately, the submittor did not wish to allow any changes to the name so it could not be fully registered.

3 Eleonora Vittoria Alberti di Calabria. Badge. Lozengy argent and purpure, a tower gules. This conflicts with the badge of the Shire of the Isles, restored in November, 1989, as having been released in error: "Barry wavy argent and azure, a tower gules."It also conflicts with the device of Edwin FitzLloyd ("Ermine, chaussée raguly vert, a tower gules.").

23 Iain MhicMairghdhin. Name and device. Or, on a cross azure, a wolf rampant argent, overall a bordure counterchanged. While the surname was registered some nine years ago to Wolfangus MhicMairghdin as a form of MacMartin, standards were rather different in those days and his file offers no real supporting documentation for this spelling.As Brigantia himself noted, there was no real evidence for the intrusion of the "ghdh" in lieu of the "t" which appears in virtually every form of the name in both Irish and Gaelic.Additionally, as noted by Brachet, the "Mhic" form of the name is the genitive which is not used in forming personal names, but with the name of the clan (i.e., the clan of the son(s) of Martin). As he allows no changes whatsoever to the name, the submission must be returned although the device appears acceptable.

2 Robin of Northumberland. Name only. As the Aethelmearc Herald has noted, this name is in conflict with that of Robert, Earl of Northumberland. He was a major player in the conflict between Stephen of Aumale and William Rufus (and chose the wrong side).Robert is sometimes called by the family name "Robert de Mowbray", but contemporary sources tend to use his title more commonly.

3 Rowena of Swanwic. Badge. Gules, on a demi-sun issuant from base Or, a swan naiant gules. Conflict under both rules with the Oregon National Guard ("Gules, the setting sun issuant twelve light rays throughout Or, thereon a beaver sejanterect proper."): the only difference is that derived from the tertiary.

3 Yvonne of Gosport. Device. Lozengy argent and purpure, a drakkar Or, the sail charged with a wolf's head erased sable. Brigantia has appealed the long-standing ban on charged sails as giving the appearance of arms of pretense.Brigantia is correct that certain charges may themselves be charged so long as they do not givet he appearance of pretense. Unfortunately, all of the examples of charged sails which we have been able to find depictions of period heraldry were displays of badges or arms claimed by the person or group who used the armory on which the sail appeared. Thus, such usage by definition creates an impression of pretense. When Master Wilhelm made the exception that groups might include a laurel wreath on a sail for group arms, he was reflecting this attitude, since the laurel wreath is an insignia to which all Society groups may lay claim.

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

3 Eugenius Magnus ap Llwyd. Device. Gyronny purpure and argent, a Bourchier knot counterchanged within a bordure sable. There was a considerable consensus in the College that counterchanging the knot so complexly rendered it virtually unidentifiable. Making the knot a solid colour or simplifying the field division so that the knot was not cut into so many small pieces would remove this problem.

3 Gwynneth Annora. Device. Azure, on a saltire between in fess two hunting horns reversed argent, a rose azure, barbed and seeded vert. This conflicts under both the old and new rules, although the conflicts are slightly different. Under the old rules, it is a definite conflict with the flag of Scotland ("Azure, a saltire argent.") since this is a national flag and requires two full points of difference: addition of the horns provides a major but addition of the tertiary provides only a minor. (Under the new rules, both the horns and the rose provide a clear visual difference so the two are clear.) Under the old rules, this also conflicts with Njorbjorn Jorgesson ("Azure, on a saltire argent a stone throwing hammer, crossed and thonged Or, half fimbriated argent"), cited by Da'ud: there is a major for adding the horns, but the changes to the tertiaries do not create a major since Gwynneth's device has secondaries present. (Under the new rules, there would be a difference for changes in type and tincture to the tertiaries so the two would be clear.) Under the old rules, the device of Oppin cited on the letter of intent ("Azure, a saltire argent charged in the centre with a double rose gules.", Papworth, p. 1081) would squeak clear from the major for the addition of the horns and the minor for the change of tincture of the tertiaries. Under the new rules, the single change to the tertiary of tincture is not adequate to carry the two clear (there is no substantive difference between a double rose and a single rose.)

3 Ragnar Skadeskudtr Sigtryggson fra Skardstind. Badge for House Blazing Gauntlets. Two gauntlets clasped in chevron argent, from the fists issuant a flame Or, within and surmounting a belt in annulo sable charged with the words "Forged in Fire". Check whether name passed. As a number of commentors noted, there is a precedent going back some eight years banning the use of the "badge within a strap" since this is a standard form of display for Scottish badges: the chief uses the plain badge and the clansmen use the badge within a strap. Therefore, we have on several occasions returned or pended submissions to allow them to be considered without the strap. In this case, dropping the strap would not be adequate to resolve this problem since conflicts then arise: Sine ni Chlurain ("Vert, a pair of cubit arms issuant in chevron and crossed at the wrists argent.") and Amber Adeliza of Firehold ("Azure, on a pair of hands appaumy erased conjoined in pile inverted argent, a flame vert.").

CA Robert Wolfheart. Correction of blazon of returned device. Gyronny dovetailed gules and azure, a wolf statant reguardant argent, charged on the breast with a heart gules, in chief three wolf's heads cabossed Or, each maintaining in its mouth a heart argent. When this was returned in November, 1989, the field was misblazoned as "per saltire" resulting in confusion for several commentors, including Brigantia, when reading the commentary on the style of the submission.

3 Stephen Wolfe. Device. Argent, on a pale sable surmounted by bend embattled on the upper edges counterchanged, a wolf's head erased and an anvil argent. After a great deal of consideration, we came to the conclusion that the overall design was just too complex and unbalanced for period style. The difficulties which were encountered by the College in creating a blazon which would guarantee that the "staircase" would never overlie the charges on the pale was indicative of the problem.The counterchanging and the diminished size of the bend required by the wolf's head above it on the pale decreased the immediate recognizability of the bend. Additionally, while the number of layers involved here can be reduced to three by reblazoning, the overall effect is visually complex and overly confusing, creating an effect of motion as the eye follows the "staircase" from top to bottom rather than processing the charges in a normal static manner.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

3 Aziza al-Kashani. Device. Azure, in pale a rose Or, barbed and seeded proper, and a crescent, surmounted on each horn by a mullet, argent. The fact that the device was submitted on and appeared on the letter of intent on a roundel form initially confused the eyes of Laurel staff who psychologically processed this as a badge. (Brachet was quite correct in noting that, what the ears hear notwithstanding, the eyes will tell conflict checkers that this is a badge: more than a decade of training to this effect creates a strong psychological impulse!) This being the case, this must be considered to conflict under both sets of rules with Manelson ("Azure, a crescent argent, enclosing a sun Or.", cited in Papworth, p. 595) and Cossington ("Azure, a rose Or.", ibid., p. 859). In this case, the added mullets are not even true tertiary charges, but merely an artistic embellishment of the crescent.

3 Coileáin Olafsson. Device. Gules, a sword inverted proper between in fess two daggers proper, all within a bordure parted bordurewise indented sable and Or. The bordure is a period usage, as noted by several commentors who adduced a number of examples of bordures and other ordinaries parted in this manner. Those who commented on the non-period usage of two types of almost but not quite identical charges are correct: essentially you have daggers and swords (which do not differ in type) used in the same grouping for effect. This effect is even more striking since mundane heraldry frequently arranges three swords in fess or in pale with the center sword going in one direction and the outside swords in another. While the problem could be resolved by making the outside blades proper swords, depicted as is the central blade, this would not remove the problem of conflict. In the case of three swords, a number of mundane blazons use "in pale" rather than "palewise" to define the orientation of the charges (e.g., Walsheof: "Gules, three swords in pale points upwards argent, pommels Or.", cited in Papworth, p. 1109). This being the case, one has to consider as conflicts not only Walsheof but several other similar mundane devices. Note that Brachet is correct in noting that the difference between swords and swords inverted is not that great visually when there is a mixed group: Papworth contains blazons for the arms of Rawlins, both of which appear to derive from Glover's Ordinary, which are identical save for the reversal of orientation: "Sable, three swords in fess argent, two with their points in base and the middle one in chief." and "Sable, three swords in pale argent, two erect points upwards between them one downwards.", while a blazon from the time of Edward IV reads as "Sable, three swords in pale argent, two with their points in base and the middle one in chief."When this is compared to blazons for the same individuals which omit the orientation of the swords entirely, leaving it to default to "in fess", it leaves the precise orientation of the devices with a gules field very much open to doubt. . .

23 Davita 'Aishah al-Balansiyyah. Name and device. Quarterly nowed argent and azure, four crescents in cross, horns to center, counterchanged vert and argent. The bynames are acceptable but there is some doubt about the given name which was documented as being Scots feminization of the documented Scots form "Davit" for "David", citing Withycombe. While Withycombe does show "Davit" as a period English (not Scots) form, there is some doubt about the formation of a feminine in "a" from this form. If a form in "-a" were to exist, it would have to be derived from the Latin where "David" is generally an indeclinable noun. When it does decline, it is in the third declension (with a genitive in "Davidis"). Feminine forms in "-a" in classical and period sources are generally formed from masculines in "-us" on the analogy of first/second declension adjectives. Thus, this does not appear to be a linguistically valid period construct. The only reference we could find to "Davida" as a given name did mention it as Scots (Dunkling and Gosling, New American Dictionary of First Names, p. 94), but gave no date for the name, which generally means it is a relatively modern construct. There seemed to be a general consensus in the College that the introduction of the unusual field division was inadvisable. There could be no guarantee that the bowing of the line of division would be automatically reproduced as it was drawn on the letter of intent and the submission forms which is absolutely required for the design to work. (Indeed, at least one competent heraldic artist assumed the nowing would be at the center, as in a cross nowy.) Moreover, as Silver Trumpet has noted, the period nature of the "nowy" partition line is somewhat in question and should not be accepted at all without clear documentation of its period origin. Such documentation has not been provided.

2 Gizela Balbina Teuceri. Change of name from Gizela Balbina Teucer. The former White Stag Herald eloquently presented new evidence on Italian names and a long listing of analogues which show a terminal "-i" in names derived ultimately from Greek sources. This new evidence would certainly justify passage of a form ending in "-i" properly formed. The difficulty is that the analogous forms from White Stag's own documentation all show the form being used deriving from a Latin transliteration of the Greek form. In this case, the proper analogue is that of "Alessandri" cited by White Stag, where the "e" of the nominative form dropped out in the oblique cases. The same is true of "Teucer" which in both Greek and Latin forms its oblique cases in a stem without an "e". Thus, we would expect the name to be formed from the Greek and Latin form of the genitive, producing "Teucri". Our apologies to the lady for not picking up on this sooner, but the focus of argument was very much the question of whether a genitive should be used and this obscured the issue of whether the genitive was correct. . .

3 Outlands, Kingdom of the. Badge for use as standard hoist in personal banners. Vert, a cross embattled Or. The idea of registering a badge for use as the standard hoist in personal banners to show kingdom of affiliation is a nice one. (Many Easterners have used the blue tyger badge in this way for years.) As Anton the Fair has pointed out, however, it is a hoist, not a banner fly which is something quite different. Unfortunately, as Silver Trumpet has pointed out, this is in conflict with the device of Clarissa Elana de Perrenoud ("Vert, a cross of four mascles conjoined, pommetty at all points, Or.") under the old and new rules.Under the new rules, it would also be a conflict with the mundane arms of Gerson ("Vert, a cross invected Or.").In either case, there is but one change in type of cross.

2 Outlands, Kingdom of the. Change of designation of title of Escarbuncle Herald as Herald Extraordinary. As has already been verbally explained to White Stag, herald's titles are registered by the Society without any rank, with the rank determined by the kingdom to which the title is registered. Thus, it would theoretically be in the power of the kingdom to decide that the White Stag title should be used not for the Principal Herald of the kingdom but rather for a local pursuivancy. The title would remain registered to the kingdom, but the person bearing it would be called "White Stag Pursuivant". Like the title of pursuivant and the title of herald, the title herald extraordinary is an indicator of rank and is bestowed by the kingdom. From the time the title was created by Master Wilhelm, it has often been used as a "retirement title" for heralds who are still active in Society heraldry at the kingdom or Society level but who no longer hold any administrative position.It is a signal mark of honour and should be bestowed sparingly. If a title is bestowed on someone as Herald Extraordinary, that title is usually retained by the person with Herald Extraordinary rank as long as he or she is active as a herald. The fact that the Outlands is registering the title for use by Konrad von Greifswald in token of his services to heraldry in the Outlands does not affect the rank associated with that title.

3 Outlands, Kingdom of the. Badge for Ministry of the Lists. Per pale sable and vert, in saltire a sword proper and a straight trumpet, bell to chief, Or between four quill pens tergiant, nibs to center, argent. There was a considerable consensus in the College that this was overly complex, particularly for a badge: three types of charges, four tinctures andquill pens ina position (tergiant!) which almost guarantees unrecognizability.(At least one herald at the meeting thought they were darts until the blazon was read.)

2 Outlands, Kingdom of the. Name for Trefoil Consortium. This was submitted in conjunction with a badge for the use of the Trefoil Herald and his staff. As noted by Silver Trumpet, there is a long-standing precedent, preserved in the new administrative regulations, banning the registration of badges for subsidiary offices when a badge/seal exists for the primary office. Thus the badge could not be registered with any designation hinting that it would be for the use of a specific herald or group of heralds below the Kingdom level.

2 Veronica of the Dragons. Name for Clan na Geana Fiadhaine. There are two problems with this household name, the lesser of the two being the minor errors in the Irish. The more serious is, as Habicht noted, that it is a direct conflict with the "Wild Geese", the term used for the exiled Irish who took service with foreign governments. An entire chapter of MacManus Story of the Irish Raceis devoted to these expatriots as are countless stories, ballads and popular songs of Irish origin (and a few from America as well!). The term was current in poetic metaphor as early as the eighteenth century and is commonly used in Irish as well as English, so this is a direct conflict by the new rules as well as the old. (Note that the grammatical inaccuracy of the proposed name probably derives from MacManus who, as elsewhere, slightly murders the Irish by giving the Irish form as "na Geana Fiadhaine", p. 471.)

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

23 Andrew Fletcher. Name and device. Per pale sable and Or, in chief three saltorels couped counterchanged. As Silver Trumpet has noted, the politician Andrew Fletcher cited in the letter of intent is of some importance in Scottish history (the 1911 editionof the Encyclopedia Britannica, probably the best one to have appeared, contained a column and a half devoted to him). Even though he is out of period (1655­1716) he is important enough to protect and this is a direct conflict under both rules. As the submittor specifically forbade formation of a holding name, we have to return the device submission as well.

23 Andro Haldane of Menteith. Name and device. Per bend sinister embattled azure and argent, two compass stars counterchanged, on a chief argent, three card piques azure. The letter of intent says that the spelling of the given name is derived from an entry in Black which documents the form as a surname in the fourteenth century. Unfortunately, as this is a known prefix derived from the Greek "andros" (as in "androgyny") and early Scots name forms used as surnames frequently are in oblique cases or are specifically varied for surname use, we need documentation of its use as an actual name. (The substitution of the "o" at the end of the name is not a usual variant of the nominative form.) Unfortunately, we could not substitute "Andrew" and register the name or even assign a holding name and register the device since he had forbidden any changes to the name, even the formation of a holding name.

3 Kiriana Michaelson. Device. Sable, platy, a standing balance argent. Unfortunately, those who called conflict with Sheldon the Just ("Sable, a set of standing balances and in base an Arabian lamp argent.") and with Knute Hvitabjorn ("Sable, platy, a polar bear's head erased to sinister argent.") under the old rules are correct. The secondary limit limits the changes to Sheldon's device to a major and a minor and complete difference of charge cannot be called with Knute's device since the semy is technically a set of charges, not a field treatment. Under the new rules, the changes to the secondaries count full weight so there is no conflict with Sheldon's device, but the technical conflict with Knute still remains.

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