May 1990

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE APPROVED:

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Adriana Arcana. Name only. Despite the qualms of several members of the College as to the submittor's intent and Laurel Designate's statement that the epithet was only documented as a "word, not a name or epithet", the letter of intent did provide documentation for "arcana" as a Latin epithet meaning "able to keep a secret". While the name does conjure up images of the Tarot for some, this epithet is perfectly acceptable as a Latin epithet agreeing with the feminine name "Adriana". (It is the sort of epithet that might be used to translate the relatively common epithet "the Silent" given because of his or her participation in the sort of meetings that Cicero called "consilia arcana".)

Aelfgifu Wolfsängerin. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ælfwynn Fiske. Device. Purpure, a pike haurient between three crescents Or.

Alastair the Eastern Traveller. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Alix de Perigueux. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Anna van Heusden. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Arria Maior. Device. Lozengy sable and Or, a dragon passant to sinister argent.

Blatha an Oir, Barony of. Name for Award of the Golden Blossom. While at least one person at the meeting called conflict with the trademarked name of Golden Blossom Honey, this seems acceptable in view of the name of the group. [Ed. Note: But they better not have combs or bees on their badge!]

Blatha an Oir, Barony of. Name for Order of the Companion of the Briar. While the name will be slightly tautological if the Barony uses the common reference "Companions" to describe members ("Companions of the Order of the Companions of the Briar"), it is legal.

Brian von Schwanstein. Name only.

Cuthred son of Hygestan. Name and device. Per fess Or and vert, in fess two beech trees couped counterchanged.

Ellisif Arngunnardottir. Name only. The name was submitted as Ellisif Arngunnarsdottir. As the submittor allowed changes, we have corrected the patronymic to the proper genitive form.

Fáelán O Dálaigh. Name only.

Frederick of Zwickau. Device. Or, on a pile cotised sable, surmounted in base by two barrulets counterchanged, in chief a tau cross argent. This falls at the border of overly complex heraldry, being saved only by the limited number of tinctures involved.

Gryphon Shieldbreaker. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Ioannes Vallis. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Marcus René Sebastian Dubois. Name only.

Meagan ferch Meredydd. Device. Per fess enarched argent and vert, in pale an acorn, slipped and leaved, proper and a coronet argent. Note that this is a complete redesign of her previous submission which was returned for conflict in November, 1987.

Niamh ni Chonaill. Name only.

Rodney the Tanner. Name and badge. Azure, a walrus head couped Or. There was a strong feeling that adequate difference in type exists between a walrus head and a buck's head to apply section X.2 of the new rules and carry this clear of Knilegh ("Azure, a buck's head Or.", cited in Papworth, p. 909).

Rycharde du Bois Argent. Name and device. Quarterly purpure and argent, a lightning bolt bendwise sinister gules between two pairs of arrows inverted in saltire argent. Note spelling of name on forms.

Sagar de Moriton. Name only.

Theodric MacRuari. Device. Or, in bend two boar's heads erased, a gore dexter sable. Check whether name registered. The submission was made under the previously returned name of Graham MacRauri. Please ask the submittor to draw a properly fattened gore and to place the heads farther up the field as they would normally be located when a gore is present.

Tybalt de Moriton. Name and device. Argent, two tridents in saltire sable, overall a natural seahorse erect vert. While there is no conflict with the badge of the War Leader of Atlantia ("Two tridents in saltire surmounted a unicornate natural seahorse erect argent."), it would be a kindness to warn the submittor of the close outline resemblance which may cause him some problems on the field if he displays this armoury at Pennsic. (As Silver Trumpet noted, everyone comes after the war leader to do some pounding. . .).

Wulfgar the Wanderer. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

KINGDOM OF ATENVELDT

Taras Stefan Karanczay. Reblazon of device. Sable, a domestic cat's face sable, chased Or, eyed gules. In the course of researching another submission, we pulled this file and found that the device, originally registered under the name of Taras of Helsgard, was in fact a black cat's face on a sable field, separated from the field by only the thinnest of (by now invisible) delineation. With red eyes. It appears that at least once in Society history someone managed to get the equivalent of the polar bear on an argent field.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Arielle du Roseau. Name and device. Per chevron inverted gules and Or, a phoenix counterchanged within a bordure sable. While the byname does not mean "of the reeds", as the letter of intent stated, but "of the reed" (singular), we assume this is what is desired since the submittor's legal surname is "Reed".

Baelfire Dunn, Canton of. Name and device. Per saltire vert and azure, a sun within a laurel wreath, all within a bordure Or. Silver Trumpet's twitches about the name are understandable, particularly given the modern fantasy fiction association of baelfire with magic (Ru Emerson's books about the Kingdom of Nedao leap immediately to mind). However, it is a period term for a funeral pyre which goes back at least as far as Beowulf. Given the common practise of erecting such pyres on highest available location in the area, this seems a perfectly reasonable geographical locator. This is supported by citations from Volume I of Smith's English Place­Name Elements which cite the West Saxon form "bael" or the cognate Old Norse "bál" as the source of a number of period English place names, including "bælstede", which appears in Beowulf, and Beald which is called "Bele super Dedehil" around 1195. (He glosses "Dedehil" as being derived from "dead" and "hill".) Note that the field is not gyronny, as stated by Pale, but per saltire, a field division which it is specifically stated in the new rules may be in any combination of tinctures: "Elements evenly divided into two parts, per saltire, or quarterly may use any two tinctures or furs." (The combination in this context may be unwise, but that is another issue.)

Caillín d'Andrade. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Kaillian D'Andrade. Unfortunately, the variant provided for the given name is not a valid one (it appears to be a backformation from the Anglicized surname derived from the patronymic which uses the genitive form "Cailláin"). Therefore, we have used the documented given name alluded to on the letter of intent. Although the letter of intent simply indicated that the surname had been previously registered in the Society, without any further documentation or evidence that this was a claim for "grandfather" status based on a close relationship with the previous registrant, Dolphin's staff have been able to document the form "d'Andrade" as a period Spanish name.

Ceallach of Saint Michael's Keep. Name and device. Argent, an owl affronty and displayed sable between in saltire four Maltese crosses gules. The name was submitted as Kelly of Saint Michael's Keep. Mistress Keridwen stated the problem with the submitted form of this name well: "Here's the problem with back­deriving given names from Gaelic patronymics. Mac & O'Kelly derive from Mac & O Ceallaigh using the genitive form of Ceallach. Kelly is not an Irish given name, but Ceallach is." This does not conflict with Brown ("Argent, an eagle sable.", as cited in Papworth, p. 297): there is a difference between properly drawn owls and properly drawn eagles even in the displayed position.

Constance von Leipzig. Name and device. Per bend sinister engrailed Or and azure, three hearts gules and a flying fish haurient argent. The name was submitted as Constance von Liepzig, but the documentation clearly showed that the submittor had the actual city of Leipzig in mind. Note that the piscine entity is a standard "flying fish" in a normal haurient position (at least for flying fish): if it were a "winged fish", as blazoned on the letter of intent, it would be assumed to be a non­standard monster with eagle's wings.

Deirdre Morgan. Device. Sable, a closed book palewise between in fess two quill pens argent. Both Silver Trumpet and Brachet err in calling a new rules conflict with Humphrey ("Sable, three ostrich feathers argent.", as cited in Papworth, p. 699). As Brigantia and Pale noted, in this submission the book is clearly a primary charge in a separate "group" from the two quills that surround it. This fact is only emphasized by the fact that the feathers in the mundane citation are two and one, a position in which all elements would be of equal weight.

Derbhiled ni Liadhnain. Device. Purpure, a winged hind trippant and in chief three crescents argent. Under the new rules, this is clear of Mair the Pavilion Rider ("Purpure, a winged unicorn passant, wings elevated and addorsed, and in chief two pavilions, doors to center, argent.") by the differences in type and number of secondary charge without even considering the primary charge.

Dugal MacTaveis. Name only. While the exemplar for the patronymic cited from Black on the letter of intent is well out of period (dating from the end of the seventeenth century), there is a valid analogue on the same page which dates from 1515.

Gabrielle du Bois. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Gabrielle of Isenfir. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per chevron throughout sable and ermine, a winged serpent erect and sinister facing vert within a bordure engrailed gules. The submission was made under the name Gabrielle Brovindar.

Galmr Ingolfsson. Device. Per chevron embattled azure and argent, two lions couchant respectant Or and a drakkar proper, sailed gules. Please ask the submittor to draw the embattlements more boldly. Though this was omitted from the letter of intent, the submission was previously returned in August, 1989, because the sail was in fact argent on the argent portion of the field and thus functionally invisible.

Garin de Lyons. Name only.

Gilian Dillon. Name and device. Gules, on a pall Or a battle axe sable.

Ilarion Ivanovich Drakonov. Change of name from Ilarion Ivanovich (see RETURNS for device).

Isobel Gildingwater of Ditchingham. Name only.

John Smith of Glasgow. Name only. Under the new rules this is clear of the John Smith of Pocahontas fame.

Lochmere, Barony of. Badge for Order of the Eagle's Feather. Vert, on a chevron above an eagle's head erased argent, two feathers sable. While it caused twitches amongst the ex­Easterners, this name is not in conflict with the Order of the Raven's Feather of Thescorre since it changes a phrase significantly: the situation is directly analogous to that of the House of the Blue Dolphins and the House of the Red Dolphins cited in section V.4 of the new rules (Differnce of Phrases). The badge is rather complex, but allowable.

Maire Siobhan ni Seanain. Device. Azure, on a pile wavy Or, three water bougets, two and one, azure.

Maud Milbourne of Toller Porcorum. Change of name from Maud Milbourne.

Meraud de Dun Carraig. Name only.

Niall Duncan MacFarlane. Name only. Under the new rules this is clear of the name of Duncan MacFarlane, thirteenth chieftain of that ilk.

Nolendil of Trollingwood. Name and device. Azure, a compass star argent and a base indented and enarched Or. The commentors who noted the precedent that allowed Sindarin names from Tolkien but not Quenya names to be used were correct. There seems to be no really compelling reason to make this distinction: both linguistic sets derived from Tolkien's lectures on medieval linguistics and both use period elements to form names in a period manner, albeit of a language that did not actually exist in period. The basis of the distinction seems to have been a feeling that "High Elven" would have been used only by Elves and "Low Elven" could be used by Men and other races and thus that Quenya names were a claim to Elvish origins. This seems an unjustifiable conclusion and one that is too restrictive, given the common derivation of both languages from period linguistic morphemes and morphological practises. After comparing the two emblazons, we decided that this does not conflict with the badge of the Citadel of the Southern Pass, cited by Brachet (("Azure, two piles inverted Or, in chief a compass star elongated to base argent."): in this submisision the star is distinctly the primary charge, in the badge, the piles are distinctly primary visually. (Even were they not, there would be a difference for number and type of secondary since the piles inverted are definitely two in number, not a weird blazoning of a single unit.)

Pagane nic Ghille Fhaolain. Name only.

Philipa Suzanne of Andover. Name and device. Lozengy argent and sable, two peacocks respectant, martletted and in their vanity, gules.

Phillip of Ghent. Badge. On a fir tree eradicated vert, a hawk striking argent.

Rhiannon Christian. Badge. Azure, a clarion within a bordure argent. After comparison of the blazons, we determined that this is clear of the badge of the East Kingdom, cited by several commentors ("Azure, in fess a pan pipe argent and a cithara Or within a bordure argent."). Note that both the clarion and the pan pipes have distinctive shapes which are quite distinct when drawn properly. The clarion in particular is an abstracted heraldic charge, even though it has its roots in an actual musical instrument.

Robert of Border Vale Keep. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a mouse rampant argent brandishing a lute proper, all within a bordure argent. The submission was made under the name Robert Grey. It was the sense of the meeting that section X.2 of the rules should apply between mice and lions used as qualifying primary charges.

Roland O'Donnell. Name and device. Per bend sinister azure and purpure, a sword inverted argent surmounted by a griffin passant to sinister Or, maintaining a plate.

Rose of Black Diamond. Device. Gules, a bend sinister cotised, in dexter chief an estoile of four greater and four lesser points Or. This is clear of Alberic der Sabelfechter, cited by Brachet and Pale ("Quarterly sable and vert, a bend sinister cotised and in dexter chief a lozenge Or."): there is one difference for the field and another for type of secondary.

Serafina Aguilar. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Serafina Aguilar y Aragon. (Note that the submittor had the documented form "Aguilar" and the form on the letter of intent was a typo.) As ruled in the case of Iciar Albarez de Montesinos in November, 1989, "Aragon" may not be used as a locative element in compound names such as this so we have dropped this element.

Siobhan O'Riordain. Name and device. Vert, an apple and a chief dovetailed Or. Under the old rules this would have conflicted with the badge of Adelicia Alianora of Gilwell ("An apple Or.").

Tristan Alexander. Badge. Azure, a natural dolphin naiant embowed, sejant upon its back a naked man maintaining a trident and shield, all within a bordure argent. We were tempted to blazon the primary charges as a "statue of Arion proper". Arion was an early Greek poet whose poetry is fairly good but whose fame rests on his supposedly having been rescued by dolphins after he had been tossed overboard by a group of murderous sailors during a trip back from Sicily. Herodotus mentions a statue which stood as late as his own day which showed a man riding a dolphin and which was ostensibly erected by Arion in thanksgiving for his rescue. Please ask him to draw his bordures wider.

Tristan Alexander. Change of badge. Azure, in pale an escallop and two tridents in saltire, all within a bordure argent. The old badge ("Azure, two tridents in saltire, in chief an escallop inverted, all within a bordure nebuly argent.") is released.

Valentina Boadicea. Name only. The name was submitted as Valentina Boadicea of Drakken Leira. As the name of the group was returned, we have dropped it from her name.

Wolfgang the Gamener. Name and device. Chequy sable and argent, in pale a wolf passant and a wolf passant to sinister gules. The name was submitted as Wolfgang the Gamesman. As several commentors noted, this is not a period form. It also is highly suggestive of both Dungeons and Dragons and several modern fantasy series (most notably perhaps the "True Game" trilogies). As the submittor allowed modifications to his name, we have substituted a period (sixteenth­century) form for the meaning he wishes.

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Brialen Ulfsdottir Vikings. Name and device. Vert, a chevron embattled between three lynx' heads cabossed in fess and a primrose Or. The name was submitted as Briallen ferch Ulf Vikingr. While "Briallen" appears to be an out of period flower name (its citation in Gruffudd is undated, which usually means that it is a modern formation), Mistress Keridwen has created a similar appearing name compounded from Welsh name elements for her. The name "Ulfr" in this form is emphatically not Welsh but Old Norse and is inappropriate for use with a Welsh patronymic particle. We have substituted the appropriate Old Norse forms for the patronymic. (Though we suspect the patronymic in actual usage might work out to be something like "Viking­Ulfsdottir".)

Calontir, Kingdom of. Addition of designation Order of the Boga Hirth to previously registered badge. Per chevron embattled sable and argent, in pale two strung bows in saltire argent and a cross of Calatrava purpure. It may be the intention of Calontir to preserve the Saxon theme in this order, but Pale is correct in noting that this form is in fact Old Norse: "hird" or "hirth" is acceptable Old Norse for the bodyguard of a king or other high noble (according to Zoëga) while "boga" is the genitive of "bogi", the Old Norse term for "bow" and is used as a prefixive compound regularly in Old Norse. If they wished to have an Old English formation, "Bogahired" would be a typical noun + noun compound supported by the entriesin Hall's Concise Anglo­Saxon Dictionary. Note, however, that the term "hired" does not necessarily have a warlike connotation: it is a more general term for household or retinue. (Indeed, it would make a nice Old English alternative for Household.) The cognate term for an army or war troop is "here". We suspect both of these are cognate with the Old Norse term and simply reflect differentiation of the two aspects of a Norse leader's retinue. Note that "boga" in Old English is the nominative singular form for "bow" that would be used in compounding.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Addition of designation Order of the Boga Fyrd to previously registered badge. Sable, on a pile embattled between two strung longbows, strings to center, argent, a cross of Calatrava purpure. In this case, the term is Old English, although it would be more authentic compounded into a single word. "Fyrd" or "fierd" is the Old English term for both a national army and the campaign in which such an army would engage as well as for the army's encampment (a translation of "castra"). As a matter of interest, it appears to be derived from the adjective "feorr", which is cognate to modern English "far" and means "distant", "remote" or "at a distance", or the associated verb "feren" (cognate to our "fare") which means "depart" or "travel" or "march". Even more interestingly, the Old English usage may derive from the Latin "iter ferre" which all of us learned as we marched through Gaul with Caesar.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Calon Cross. Or, a cross of Calatrava within a bordure purpure.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Title for Eyas Herald.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge for Calontir War College. Purpure, masoned Or. Silver Trumpet and Yale both called conflict with Aubert ("Purpure."). While the principle that a plain (i.e., undivided) tinctured field was not protected was written into the old rules, this principle existed by precedent long before it was added to the rules. We do not feel that this precedent has been voided by the new rules.

Deirdre the Celt. Name and device. Vert, on a bend sinister between two tygers passant to sinister Or, a length of chain throughout, fracted at the center, sable, all within a bordure Or. The letter of intent has both the form of the given name registered above and the form which the submittor used on her forms "Deidre". As the form above is the one in fact documented in the cited section of O Corrain and Maguire's Gaelic Personal Names, we have registered this. Under the old rules, this name might have been considered in conflict with the Deirdre, as Brigantia referred to her. Under the new rules, it seems clear, if overly suggestive.

Dirik von Rosswald. Name and device. Counter vairy Or and gules, a panther rampant to sinister sable. Under the old rules permission to conflict with Gawaine ap Tristam ("Vairy gules and Or, a dragon segreant to sinister sable.") would be required. (It has in fact been provided as the submittor is closely related to Gold Falcon!) However, under the new rules, we feel that Part X.2 (Difference of Primary Charges) applies and no permission is in fact required.

Lelia ni Lachtnáin Uí Chathail. Name only (see RETURNS for device). The name was submitted as Lelia ni Lachtna O Cathail. The actual genitive form of the masculine name "Lachtna" is that used above (see MacLysaght, Surnames of Ireland, p. 198). In Irish, this name really means Lelia daughter of Lachtna O Cathail". As such, the genitive of the second patronymic is required to agree with the given name "Lachtnáin". After that genitive the final portion of the name is aspirated to produce the patronymic "nic Lachtnáin Uí Chathail".

Llewelyn the Archer. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Lora Anne the Silent. Name and device. Per chevron inverted vert and Or, two owls passant respectant, inner wing elevated, Or and a cross crosslet vert.

Sarra Katherine d'Argent. Name only.

Simon de Vernun of Wellingborough. Name only.

Siobhan MacAoidh. Name and device. Or, an owl sinister facing between two flaunches vert. As virtually every commentor noted, the owl is blazoned on the letter of intent as "affronty" but is emblazoned in an almost classic close position. (We mean that literally: it appears in this position on Athenian coins. . .).

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Ailis Catriona Mac an Toisich. Name only.

Althea die Fast Unschuldige. Change of device. Per pale purpure and vert, two flutes in saltire within and fretted with a torse, all argent.

Aumaria Vaillant. Name only.

Baga Aleea. Badge. On a fan sable, a butterfly argent. This was submitted under the name Aleea Baga but this is form registered in January, 1990.

Carolingia, Barony of. Name for Borough of Felding. Silver Trumpet is correct in raising the issue of whom the name should be registered to. Though anomalies have existed in the past, the new Administrative Handbook clearly indicates that household names must be registered to individuals or Society branches: "Such names may be registered either by an individuals or by a Society branch and armoury may be associated with such names. In the case of households registered by an individual, all records dealing with the group's name or armoury will be retained under the Primary Society Name of the group's designated representative. In the case of households, guilds, etc., registered by Society branches, these records will be retained under the Branch Name of the branch for which the items are registered." As the Borough of Felding is a "household" within the boundaries of the Barony of Carolingia, by whom its events are regularly scheduled, we have registered it under that heading.

Catherine Alvarez. Name only.

Catriona Mairghread nic Dhuibh of Moray. Name only. The meeting strongly suggests that Eastern heralds be carefully coached in the proper pronunciation of the patronymic lest the submittor find herself announced as "nic Dweeb".

Ceara Eairluachra. Device. Quarterly vert and Or, a lizard tergiant bendwise sinister gules between two shamrocks Or.

Ceole Seabhac. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Cerridwen Raventree. Change of name from Hélène du Vent of Raventree.

Charles the Black. Name only.

Ciaran Dubh MacDonagh. Name and device. Azure, on a bend sinister Or between six crescents argent, three lozenges gules. Under the old rules this name would have conflicted with Kieran O'Dhonnchadha. Under the new rules, this is well clear of Hugh of Ravenwood ("Azure, on a bend sinister between two fleams argent, three gouttes palewise gules.") since the number and type of secondary charge are counted independently with no limit.

Colin Ursell. Name only.

Corwyn ap Gruffith Cynnil. Name only.

David le Cassé. Name and device. Per fess gules and argent, three piles in point counterchanged, overall a bear statant guardant sable.

Derek Fairhair. Badge.Sable, a fox's mask per pale gules and argent within a bordure argent.

East, Kingdom of. Badge for Guild of Brewers, Vintners and Meadmakers. Per pale azure and argent, to dexter a beehive between three honeybees volant proper and to sinister a bunch of grapes azure, slipped and leaved Or, on a chief argent, a tyger passant azure. Apparently, this ancient badge was released in 1987 at the request of the current guildmaster, apparently without consultation of the membership, the Eastern Curia or Crown (it is a royal chartered guild), etc. Brigantia has appealed for restoration of the badge and transfer of the badge which replaced it to the guildmaster responsible for this release. As this was an error which derived from a failure by the appropriate heraldic authorities we feel it is only just to allow this heraldry to be restored, even though it violates current stylistic requirements. On the other hand, since we cannot transfer this to Thorstein fra Agnefit without a letter of acceptance from Thorstein, we are leaving the "new" badge under the name of the guild until a transfer is completed with proper procedures.

Edwyn Beerslayer. Name only. While there was a certain amount of feeling that this was a once­ funny and rather modern name (and that "beers" are drunk not slain), we cannot really consider intention when determining the legitimacy of a name. In this case, "beer" is a standard period spelling of "bear" according to the OED and the epithet "bearslayer" is perfectly reasonable. (Indeed, we have already registered a similar epithet in the case of John Bearkiller.)

Elfwyn of the Silvermoon. Name only.

Elizabeth Cameron nic Iain. Name and device. Azure, in pale a chevron and a lion rampant, tail nowed, argent, the chevron charged with five roses azure. The name was Elizabeth Camerona nic Ian. Unfortunately, the evidence from Black was not really compelling to support the addition of an "a" to the toponymic or epithetic surname "Cameron". Also, since "nic" is used in the Gaelic, it requires a following genitive. Note that under the old rules, this name would have conflicted with that of Elspeth Cameron.

Eloise of Coulter. Name and device. Azure, in pale a colt passant argent and an arm embowed palewise issuant from flames of fire Or. Note that the equine is depicted as a normal horse: we have not withdrawn the ban on non­heraldic "baby animals", but followed period precedent in using a term that will produce a cant.

Faolchadh of Dubh Linn. Name and device. Per chevron argent and Or, a chevron embattled gules between two arrowheads inverted and a cat's pawprint sable. Under the new rules, this is clear of Myrddyn Brandeall ("Argent, a chevron embattled gules between three towers sable."): there is one difference for the field and another for type of charge. (Under the old rules, the field would have been worth only a minor point and thus the two would have conflicted.)

Felecia Miguelez di Milano. Change of name from Felecia of the Debatable Lands. The name was submitted as Felecia Miguelez de Milano. As the Spanish form of the place name is "Milán". Therefore, we have modified the preposition as she allowed.

Genella of Leeshire. Name only. The documentation provided by the submittor (Morlet, Les noms de personne sur le territoire de l'ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe siècle) shows the given name as a "hypocoristic", i.e., a pet­ name. As such, it might be dubious under the old rules, but is no problem at all under the new.

Gerard of Kilkenny. Name and device. Vert, two chevronels inverted and braced, in chief a rose, slipped and leaved, argent.

Hodierna Miriglee of Lincluden. Name only. While the letter of intent referred to Lincluden as a monastery, the original foundation was in fact a Benedictine nunnery founded in 1164 so that the lady is not to be supposed to be cohabiting with a group of male ecclesiastics. (It was only at the end of the fourteenth century that the nunnery was suppressed in favour of a college of male secular canons.) Lincluden is notable for heralds since it has a particularly fine collection of early Scottish heraldry available in its tombs, including the tomb of Princess Margaret, daughter of Robert III.

Hurlan O'Corra. Name and device. Sable, an estoile between in pale an eagle's head erased and an eagle's head, erased and sinister facing, Or, all between a pair of flaunches vairy en point Or and gules. This is just at the limits of acceptable complexity (and some Laurel staff think it falls over. . .).

Isabella de la Corte. Name only.

Isidore of Saint John's Wood. Name only. The name was submitted as Isidore of St. John's Wood.

Kadan Chakhilghan Ger on Echen. Device. Azure, two piles raguly in point argent. A comparison of the emblazons indicated that there is no visual conflict with the device of Algarth of Mount Coruscation ("Per chevron azure and gules, two lightning flashes argent."), cited by Silver Trumpet.

Karen von Kriegsfeld. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Azure, a ladder bendwise, on a chief embattled argent, three serpents nowed gules. The submission was made under the name Vye von Kriegsfeld. [Query from meeting: is Snakes and Ladders a period game?]

Kasimir of Ostgardr. Name and device. Azure, two keys in saltire, wards to base, each rod terminating in a wolf's head cabossed, all Or, surmounted by a sword palewise proper, a chief chequy sable and argent.

Killian Brock. Name only.

Kyrielle Chandoisel. Name only.

Leslie of Fairferd. Device. Argent, three chevronels gules between a chief embattled and a lozenge sable.

Lion's End, Canton of. Device. Sable, a bicorporate lion and on a chief Or, three laurel wreaths sable.

Martin de Nesle. Name only.

Miranda Flamekeeper. Device. Sable, a lion's head cabossed between three flames of fire Or. Under the old rules, this might have conflicted with several Society devices because of the "secondary limit". Under the new rules, this is clear of all of these. It is clear of Taras Stefan Karanczay as well (see the reblazon for that device above under Atenveldt.)

Prudence the Curious. Name only.

Sciath Caoiltiarn. Name only.

Séigíne Mac Conmara. Name only.

Seumas O'Dale. Device. Azure, a pale erminois between a decrescent and an increscent argent.

Steffan Wolfgang von Ravensburg. Name and device. Or, billetty sable, an annulet and a chief gules.

Sym Gilchrist of Fraser. Name and device. Quarterly sable and argent, in sinister chief a thistle, slipped, leaved and embowed sable.

Tearlach MacCarnochan. Name and device. Sable, in pale three chevrons inverted and braced argent and three serpents in annulo, fretted in triquetra, Or.

Theoderick Orbus. Name and device. Or, in pale a lion statant to sinister gules and a thistle, slipped and leaved, proper within an orle of roses azure.

Theoderick Orbus. Badge for the Pepperer's Guild of Fennbrycg. Argent, semy of batons sinister vert, a loon displayed maintaining in its claws a beam balance gules. Note that the submittor has a letter of permission for the badge to conflict with armoury of Fennbrycg in recognition of its origins and thus we felt that it was justifiable to accede to the wish of the College that the geographic limiter be added.

Tristan von Lausanne. Name only.

Tsvia bas Zipporah Levi of Granada. Device. Gules, on a pall engrailed Or between in bend sinister two roses argent, seeded, a pomegranate gules.

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

Berahthraben of Salt Keep. Name and device. Gules, scaly argent, a raven rising to sinister, wings elevated and addorsed, Or between three bezants.

Ceridwen Levingestoune. Name only.

Dianne of York. Name only.

Judith de Bohun. Name only.

Maeloc of Wolfhaven. Change of name from Michael of Wolfhaven.

Pamela Dragen. Name only.

Renée of Blackstar. Name only.

Shaul of Poznan. Change of name from Shaul of Axemoor. We understand that the submittor has resubmitted/appealed yet again the previously returned name of Shaul ben Yisrawel, which will be decided at some time in the future by the Laurel Designate. Master Da'ud suggested that the name be pended until the resubmission was considered so that, if the name were approved, no change would be necessary to the Armorial. We do not feel justified in doing this, since it is unfair to the submittor to prevent registration of a valid submission pending action on another submission which may be invalid. If this policy were to be followed as a general rule, we would not act on any device or name if a letter for change of that submission were received prior to the point at which the earlier submission was scheduled to be considered. In some cases, this could result in passage of conflicting armoury/names in the interval before the change was considered. If the change were not then accepted, the submittor would lose both ways. This is particularly cogent in this case since Laurel believes that the name "Shaul ben Yisrawel" is a conflict with the Biblical Saul under the new rules, given the citations which were quoted at the time of the last return. These citations and the general usage of "ben" in ancient and medieval Hebrew indicate that the name is a form that was used for Saul in his own language and, in any case, Saul of Israel is not sufficiently differenced by sound to justify a claim that the name is translated and sufficiently different. (The substitution of the preposition for the patronymic particle certainly does not add a sufficient amount of difference to carry the two clear.)

Thomas Dragen. Name only.

Thomas Tarn Travis. Device. Per pale embattled Or and vert, in fess a tree and a vase counterchanged. What is depicted is not an amphora (as blazoned on the letter of intent) but an undifferentiated vase. . . While there is some evidence to support the idea that a line of division per pale was used in Continental marshalling, no compelling evidence either way was presented in conjunction with this device to the status quo ante remains and the complex line of division frees this of accusations of marshalling.

Willo Rothsteen. Name only.

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Aileen Bardon. Device. Quarterly Or and gules, four cauldrons counterchanged.

Aileen Bardon. Badge for House of the Mad Woman. A bull statant to sinister argent, spotted sable, statant to sinister upon its back a cock gules. The household name caused some twitches among some Laurel staff who remembered visiting a "Casa de la Loca" in one of the Canadian cities, but under the new rules the two would be definitely clear. As Nereid notes, the allusion is a trifle obvious but the idiom to which it refers does not strike too modern a note: it would appear to be in use in late period since it is used without explanation by Burton in his Anatomy of Melancholy.

Alexandra of Oak Hollow. Name and device. Per pall inverted azure, argent and sable, in chief two swans naiant respectant counterchanged and in base a wyvern erect Or. This totters on the edge of overcomplexity, but falls just inside the line.

Bryan of the Outlands. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Per pale azure and vert, a two­headed bear argent, statant erect and brandishing in either forepaw a scimitar Or, all between in base two Latin crosses Or. The submission was made under the name Tokokan of the Cuman.

Dughall MacDhomhnuill. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Elenfea of Starwood. Badge. In fess enarched six mullets of six points, elongated to chief, argent. Note that the charges are derived from her device which has been registered for some years.

Erasimierz Waspanieski. Blazon correction. A black­haired demi­maiden proper, vested per pale and chevronelly argent and azure, maintaining above her head in both hands a strung bow Or. When registered in November, 1989, the detail of the vesting was omitted and the maiden was blazoned as brunette. As the submittor appears to have a special affection towards true black hair rather than the more generic brunette, we see no reason not to accede to his request for a blazon change.

Fionnbharr Starfyr of the Isles. Blazon correction. Azure, on a bend engrailed between two estoiles argent, five water bougets azure. The tincture of the bend and estoiles was omitted when the device was registered in December, 1989.

Frederick the Merchant. Holding name and device. Per saltire gules and sable, in fess two saltorels couped argent. The submission was made under the name Mlodn Zupan the Merchant.

Ina Estroboren. Blazon correction. Per chevron sable and gules, a pall inverted between two dragons combattant and a rose Or. When the device was registered in November, 1989, the inversion of the primary charge was omitted.

Liobsynde Behlringere of Ælfhafen. Device. Purpure, two handbells in saltire, surmounted by handbell palewise, all bells to chief, Or.

Maelgwyn y Trafeiliwr. Badge. A sword palewise inverted piercing the drum of a tambourine proper, skinned argent. The tambourine is in the default position for such charges according to Society precedent (like dice tambourines are allowed quasi­trian aspect). The frame is dark wood and the "jingles" are argent which is usual for such things and may be covered by the term "proper". However, the "drum" portion of the tambourine is not the usual buff colour but rather argent. As such it loses some contrast with the sword, but the overall effect is still identifiable.

Margarete of Stirlingshire. Name only (see RETURNS for device). As Stirling was a primary royal seat and there were several queens of Scotland named Margaret, this made us a bit twitchy, but so far as we can determine none of these queens, including Saint Margaret of Scotland, was particularly associated with Stirling.

Renate Koven. Name and device. Chequy Or and azure, a cooking pot sable, on a chief argent, three trivets sable. While the letter of intent documented the given name from Kitchin's Choosing a First Name, which is a distinctly poor source, several members of the College were able to find "Renatus" and "Renata" as given names in more reliable sources for period names.

Siana of Castletown Bearhaven. Name for Wyvern's Lair (see RETURNS for badge). Note that under the new rules, a household name may be registered if the badge associated with it is returned.

Theresea die Tanzerin. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Aaron of Wolfshead. Name only.

Cathan the Undecided. Blazon correction. Quarterly vert and Or, in bend two goblets bendwise inverted Or. When this was registered in March, 1990, an extraneous adverb crept in to reverse the orientation of the goblets. [No sinister intent, we assure you!].

Cynan Crych. Name and device. Azure, three triskelia arrondy and a chief embattled Or.

Judith Fiona Mac Kiernan. Name and device. Argent, two bendlets vert between two estoiles sable. The possibility of a conflict between this device and the arms of Browne ("Argent, two bendlets between as many mullets sable.", as cited in Papworth, p. 287) occasioned a great deal of discussion as to the relationship between the estoile and mullet in period and Society heraldry. While Silver Trumpet presented some interesting evidence that the two charges may have been interchangeable in period heraldry, there is a long tradition of their being considering a differencing element in Society heraldry as well as modern English heraldry. This is reflected in the fact that both Society ordinaries and Papworth list mullets and estoiles as separate entries. Papworth even makes a note that "a mullet surmounted by an estoile of five points is called a star fish", indicating that the two charges were considered different enough to be used in conjunction without confusion. Under certain circumstances, if diminished enough in size or modified in a non­standard manner there might be a visual coincidence between mullets and estoiles that would create a confusion (e.g., an estoile of sixteen rays might be confused with a sun, ten estoiles of four greater and four lesser rays might be confused with ten compass stars). Otherwise, we had to agree with those who felt that enough visual difference exists between the two charges for the purposes of Society heraldry.

Kalle Karhumainen. Name and device. Per pale and per bend sinister azure and chequy argent and sable, in bend two bears rampant argent.

Karl the Meek and Mild. Name and device. Sable, five tankards in saltire and a bordure argent. The byname comes under the heading of "typically fantasy names". Perhaps the gentle (who banned any changes to his name or device) could be interested in the more period formation of "Karl Meek the Mild"?.

Kay the Innocent. Change of blazon. Per pale sable and argent, on a chief five saltorels throughout conjoined and counterchanged. Unfortunately, the entire paperwork for the appeal constituted as handwritten note from the submittor that said "5 saltorels is not the same as 'fretty'! I want my blazon back, I appeal." This did not provide any real documentation in support of the appeal. The only addition to this in the letter of intent was a depiction of the device as submitted and the same device depicted with a modern style of fretty in the chief. No evidence was provided to refute the previous evidence that the chief depicted a period fretty. In point of fact, what was depicted on the chief was a period depiction of fretty and the reblazon at the time the device was accepted attempted to convey the visual weight of the device where the "saltorels" lost their individual identity because of the conjoining and extension throughout so that they appeared more like a fretty. (This impression was only reinforced by the counterchanging.) As it happens, the requested reblazon is incorrect since the saltorels must be specified to be throughout to gain even an approximation of the submittors depiction. As the blazon appears to be so important to the submittor and a valid approximation is available, we felt that a reblazon should be allowed. However, the submittor and the College should be aware that there is no substantial difference between this chief and one "per pale argent and sable, fretty counterchanged".

Magnus Torvaldson. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

Margarethe du Manoir des Giroflées. Name and device. Or, on a bend embattled counterembattled, cotised plain, sable, three gillyflowers Or. Note that the bend as depicted is not bretassy but embattled counterembattled.

Mary of the White Wolves. Name and device. Argent, on a golpe between three lozenges purpure, a wolf's head, erased and ululant, argent.

Mora of Shade's Wood Keep. Name only.

Stanley of Harlech. Device. Azure, in pale a fleur­de­lys and a crescent Or within a bordure argent. While this device caused a number of twitches in the College, it appears clear of conflict. Please ask the submittor to draw the bordure a lot wider than it appeard on the submitted emblazon sheet.

Steffan of Pembroke. Blazon correction. Quarterly ermine and gules, a cross crosslet fitchy counterchanged gules and argent, on a chief sable, three crosses crosslet fitchy argent. When this was registered in March, 1990, the fitching of the tertriaries was omitted.

Uilleam Catach O'Maoilbhreanainn. Name only. Although the letter of intent could not document the submitted spelling of "catach", de Bhaldraithe's English­Irish Dictionary shows it as the standard nominative masculine spelling of the Irish adjective "curly­headed".

Veniamin Nafanovich Medvednikogotev. Name only (see RETURNS for device).

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE RETURNED:

KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Aelfgifu Wolfsängerin. Device. Vert, a wolf sejant ululant argent. The device is functionally identical to the arms of de Wolf ("Vert, a wolf sejant argent.", as cited in Woodward, p. 228). It is also in conflict under both old and new rules with Robert Strongbow ("Vert, a wolf rampant argent, grasping in its erect sinister forepaw a bow gules held fesswise and in its dexter forepaw a sheaf of three clothyard shafts Or, armed and flighted argent.") as well as Gambow ("vert, a wolf salient argent.", cited in Papworth, p. 98). Alastair the Eastern Traveller. Device. Argent, a chevron inverted between a patriarchal cross gules and a plant of three thistles, slipped, proper. Under both old and new rules this is a conflict with Grendon ("Argent, a chevron reversed gules.", as cited in Papworth, p. 373).

Alix de Perigueux. Device. Azure, a pile inverted embattled between two fleurs­de­lys Or. Technically, this does not conflict with the arms of France under old rules or new, but the use of the gold fleurs­de­lys on the blue field, especially in conjunction with one of the favourite period feminine names in the French royal family. Under the current rules, this is a conflict with Flaxney ("azure, a fess between two fleurs­de­lys Or." cited by Dolphin, as the position changes in the fleurs are totally due to the change in ordinary. While this might clear if Laurel's proposal to the College on extending section X.2 of the rules to cases where there is a single group of identical secondaries is accepted, the submittor should be warned that many will interpret this design as a pretense to French royal status.

Anna van Heusden. Device. Pean, a lion dormant between three roses proper. There are two problems with this device. First of all, under the new rules, gules may not be placed on pean so the roses are "colour on colour". Secondly, there is a conflict with Ellen of Caer Seiont ("Pean, a domestic cat dormant guardant argent.").

Blatha an Oir, Barony of. Name for Order of the Silver Falcon. Under both old and new rules, the addition of the adjective would not be adequate to clear this from the Falcon Herald, a British heraldic title.

Gryphon Shieldbreaker. Device. Counterermine, a bend Or, overall a griffin segreant, wings elevated and inverted, gules. The gules monster overlying the counterermine field violates the contrast requirements of the new rules.

Ingirid of Thanet. Device. Per pale azure and Or, a griffin segreant, wings elevated and inverted, gules maintaining a plate. Conflict with Conway ("Or, a griffin segreant gules.", cited in Papworth, p. 981), Armiger ("Per pale azure and Or, a griffin segreant counterchanged.", ibid., p. 982), etc.

Ioannes Vallis. Device. Per pale vert, semy of trefoils Or, and vert, semy of pheons inverted Or, on a pale argent, a waterlily and waterlily bud, stems issuant from base and crossed in saltire, gules. While this is technically clear of Melucine de Ronceverte ("Vert, on a pale argent, a greenbriar slip vert.") by the difference for addition of the semy and the change in type and tincture of tertiary, this is just too complex to meet our requirements of style. As Dolphin noted, the anomalies are just too great. In the first place, two different types of charge semy are placed on either side of an ordinary in identical tinctures (and not dissimilar shapes which creates a visual confusion). In the second place, the correct identification of the tertiary depends on a precise depiction and arrangement of the charges that is not period. In the third place, there is excessive complexity with four types of charges and four tinctures involved in this device.

Marie de Clermont. Device. Argent, a pantheon salient purpure, estoily Or, between in fess two crescents gules, all within an orle flory purpure. As noted by several commentors, the orle flory has been ruled too close to the reserved tressure of Scotland on several occasions.

Timothy of Wealdsmere. Device. Azure, a scorpion tergiant Or, maintaining above its head an open book argent. As only at the Laurel level are holding names permitted, passing the submittor's armoury under the submitted name would mean that the submittor would be required to pay for a name change at Laurel level. This is not fair to the submittor. Had the forms not been completely rewritten to obliterate the original name, we would have pended both the otherwise acceptable device and the name for the consideration of the College at the August meeting. As there was no name submission for the College to consider, we could not do so.

Wulfgar the Wanderer. Device. Per fess and per saltire sable and gules, on an eagle displayed Or, a cross crosslet fitchy sable, on a chief Or, a sword fesswise sable. This sort of multiply divided field must now have good contrast between its parts, i.e., not gules and azure.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Derbhiled ni Liadhnain. Badge. Purpure, three pallets argent. The charges are pallets, not billets as blazoned on the letter of intent. As such, this conflicts with Thornton ("Azure, three pallets argent.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1014).

Donal O'Niallain. Name only. Even under the new rules, this name conflicts with that of the king of Ulster whom English sources usually call "Donald O'Neill". He played a major part in the politics of early fourteenth­century Ireland and was one of the signatories of the famous letter of the Irish nobles to Pope John XXII in 1318, which complained of English murders of Irish clergy. (For a short quote from this letter in an accessible source, see MacManus' Story of the Irish Race, p. 331­332.)

Drakken Leira, Shire of. Name and device. Or, a pall wavy azure between a laurel wreath, a dragon's head couped and sinister facing and a griffin's head, all vert. There was substantial agreement in the College that, the name was in conflict under both sets of rules with the previously registered Shire of Dragon's Lair. As documented, the name also violated the rules on grammar since the "drakken" was taken from Old English, while the noun it modified was in Old Norse. The device is unfortunately by definition too complex since it places three different types of charges around a pall ("slot machine heraldry").

Gabrielle du Bois. Device. Vert, on a pale between two pegasi rampant addorsed Or, three oak leaves vert. Under both old rules and new, this conflicts with Lyris Wordsmith ("Vert, upon a pale between two cat's heads caboshed Or, a quill azure between two cat's heads caboshed vert."). Even under the old rules there would have been only a major point for change of secondary type and a minor for change of tertiary type. (The change in tincture of the quill is negligible per Dod D.5: "Applying Major­point changes for charges to some, but not all, of a group of tertiary charges. . .is worth nothing in terms of difference."). Under the new rules, this is also in conflict with Pring ("Vert, on a pale between two annulets Or, three cinquefoils of the field.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1007).

Gabrielle Brovindar. Name only. With the best will in the world, on the basis of the material providedin the letter of intent the College could not come up with any rationalization for "Brovindar" as a constructed name in any language. The place name "Brovendike" which was cited as existing in period was shown as of "unknown" derivation and we could not find any analogue that would allow us to add the Scandinavian nominal suffix "­ar" to a putative "Brovend". She could have the documented form "Brovendike" as a surname of origin or could resubmit with a similar­sounding French or English name.

Greyhan Brovindar. Name only. The citation provided by the submittor for "Greyhan" only documents it as an anglicized form of the name "O Gréacháin". As this name is also anglicized as Graham and appears from the documentation to be involved in a number of suspect backformations, this is not really acceptable documentation for its period use as a given name. For a discussion of the surname, see the submission of Gabrielle Brovindar above.

Hanna he Metoikos. Name only. The submittor did an excellent job of browsing Liddell and Scott for the appropriate classical term for a person foreign living in a Greek city. She also got the appropriate Attic form of the article. It is extremely unfortunate that she both failed to modify the adjective "metoikos" to its feminine form and specified that she would not allow spelling or grammatical changes. The name "Hanna he Metoike" would be perfectly good Greek from Attic times until at least the seventh century, but the submitted form is incorrect.

Ilarion Ivanovich Drakonov. Device. Argent on a pile sable between in base two caltraps gules, a wingless dragon statant Or. It is extremely unclear precisely what the submittor desires here. As noted by several commentors, a properly drawn pile would not allow the caltraps to exist below it and it is dubious whether a dragon in this position could exist identifiaby on such a pile, even if it were expanded to its widest period form. On the other hand, we cannot really consider this a poorly­drawn chief triangular increased in size to accommodate the tertiary. (This does happen in period heraldry where the width of a chief varies widely depending on whether the chief is charged.) In this case, the chief comes almost to the bottom of the shield, which is by definition absurd, and the caltraps, which would then be the primary charges, are unacceptably diminished in size and pushed to the bottom of the shield. Finally, were this a field divided neutrally per chevron inverted, the line of division would start along the flanks of the field, not in the upper corner.

Jennet d'Anjou. Name and device. Azure, a chevron cotised between three dolphins haurient Or. As there is no difference between a name and its diminutive, this is a conflict with Joanna d'Anjou, Queen of Naples, cited by Silver Trumpet. The device conflicts under both old and new rules with Chamberlayn ("Azure, a chevron between two couple closes and three escallops Or."): the only difference is the change of type of outer secondary.

Kaillian d'Andrade. Device. Counterermine, a lion rampant to sinister within a bordure embattled gules. Under the new rules, gules on counterermine has insufficient contrast by definition.

Kendrick del Grenewode. Name only (see PENDING for device). The letter of intent did not note it, but this precise spelling of the surname is dated in the cited passage from Reaney to 1275.

Lochmere, Barony of. Badge for Order of the Blasted Oak. Argent, an oak, eradicated and blasted, and a chief wavy sable. Under both old rules and new, this conflicts with the Barony of the Steppes' Order of the Oak, cited by Dolphin. The badge conflicts (also under both sets of rules) with the device of the Barony of Myrkewoode ("Ermine, a tree blasted and a chief wavy sable."). Though we have no doubt that this was intentional since the territory of that historic Barony has been subsumed in large part in Lochmere, the device has not been released and, given the historic nature of the arms, there is some question whether it should be. In any case, this also conflicts under the new rules with the arms of Here ("Argent, the trunk of an oak tree sprouting afresh sable.", as cited in Papworth, p. 1112).

Michael of Bedford. Badge. Argent, on a fess between four annulets sable, a lion's head cabossed Or. Conflict with Norman ("Argent, on a fess sable, three leopard's faces Or.", cited in Papworth, p. 792), Lilly ("Argent, on a fess sable, a fleur­de­lys Or.", ibid., p. 789) and Kighly ("Argent, on a fess sable, a mullet Or.", ibid. p. 794).

Misty Marsh, Canton of the. Name only. While the name is very descriptive (the group is just a few dozen miles down the road from Laurel's house), Dolphin is correct in noting a conflict with the March of the Marshes: both old rules and new consider the designator to be transparent and the addition of an adjective to be insufficient difference between names.

Robert Grey. Name only. The name conflicts with that of Robynne the Grey, registered in November, 1989.

Santiago del Viage Largo. Name and device. Azure, a dhow sailing to sinister, in chief an estoile Or. The given name does not mean "James" , as stated on the letter of intent. It means "Saint James" and, except as used as a surname, refers to Saint James of Campostela, the saint to whose shrine a pilgrimage was a major devotion to many medieval pilgrims. (So pre­eminent was the pilgrimage to Compostela in the high Middle Ages that his symbol of scallop shell became the very badge indicating a pilgrim of any kind.) Given this, the byname is really presumptuous as well. The device was in conflict with Illyria ("Azure, an antique galley Or."), cited by Pale.

Sartak of the Steppes. Name and device. Gules, on a pile throughout between two scimitars argent, a yak's head cabossed sable. By the submittor's own documentation (from Chamber's, The Devil's Horsemen, pp. 138­139), the name is in conflict with the original Sartak. As with "Tokokan" submitted from the Outlands on the basis of the same volume, "Sartak" may be the unique name of a great­grandson of Genghis Khan. In any case, Sartak was leader of the Golden Horde in the middle of the thirteenth century and held much of the Russian Steppes as his primary domain. Indeed, the submittor's documenation notes a letter carried from King Louis of France by Friar William of Rubruck to Sartak who was at that time camped between the Don and the Volga. The submission does not show a properly drawn pile since the edges of the pile issue from the corners of the field. If it were properly drawn, this would conflict with Dunstable Priory ("Gules, on a pile argent, a horse shoe conjoined or closed and interlaced to a staple affixed to the centre of the pile sable."): there is one difference for the addition of the secondaries, but after drawing up the device of the Priory we came to the conclusion that properly drawn there is not only a technical but visual conflict between the tertiary "units". (The horseshoe and the horns of the yak are rather similar. . .)

Serafina Aguilar. Device. Per pale gules and vert, a compass rose Or. Properly drawn, this will conflict with the badge of Walter De Witte ("Sable, a compass rose Or.") under both old rules and new.

Tadhdh MacAidan O'Conchubhar. Name only. Unfortunately, the submittor forbade any spelling or grammatical changes to his name for the genitive is required after the patronymic particles: "Tadhgh mac Aedáin Uí Chonchobhair".

KINGDOM OF CALONTIR

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge. Purpure, semy of crosses of Calatrava, a bordure Or. We were reluctantly persuaded that this is in conflict with Percivall ("Purpure, crusilly Or."), cited on the letter of intent. There is clearly a difference for addition of the bordure. Whether another is to be derived from the difference between the Cross of Calatrava and a cross crosslet in this context is the key issue. After drawing up the device of Percivall in the most "plain vanilla" version of the cross crosslet and comparing the emblazons, we were persuaded they were not. While significant changes to the type of charge involved in a semy can produce difference under Part X of the rules, this must be taken in the context of the underlying assumption that the charges will be immediately identifiable and distinguishable from one another. (This is implicit in the test of charges' shapes in normal depiction being significantly different: "significant" means "having significance".) For instance, mulletty is immediately distinguishable from semy­de­lys or from semy of annulets. In this case, the clause of Part VIII which applies to reduction of identifiability comes into play: "Identifiable elements may be rendered unidentifiable by significant reduction in size, marginal contrast, excessive counterchanging, voiding, or fimbriation, or by being obscured by other elements of the design." In this case, the reduction in size reduces the identifiability of the two charges to the point where they both become primarily identified "crosses with cross bars of some sort at the ends of the arms".

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Calon Lily. Or, a fleur­de­lys purpure. This submission, blazoned identically but emblazoned somewhat differently, was returned in May, 1989, for conflict with the badge of Parlan MacFallon ("A wolf's head jessant­de­lys purpure."). This return has now been appealed with the statement that the fieldless allowance of the new rules should carry this clear under the new rules. Whether that would be the case is somewhat irrelevant for, as a number of commentors have noted, there are several conflicts from Papworth under the new rules (e.g., Holt: "Or, a fleur­de­lys purpure."). The issue now hinges on whether the submittors can legitimately claim that theirs is a hardship case, that through no fault of their own, i.e., through heraldic misfeasance or nonfeasance, the submission was not processed correctly and resubmitted in a timely manner. Since previous returns involving this order have been involved so many heated charges of prejudice, it is perhaps useful to cite the relevant portion of the appeal in full to avoid misunderstanding of this return: This badge was originally submitted and returnedOctober 1982 and never resubmitted as acknowledged bythe Laurel Queen when she returned this badge in the LOAR of May 1989. After discussion with members ofthe College of Arms at the Caidian Symposium, we felt that we should appeal Laurel's action as she herself seems to indicate an apparent Heraldic malfeasance. In addition, members of the Calontir College were informedby the Laurel who made the original decision, Master Wilhelm, that had it been submitted he would have approved the badge. This seems to support the idea ofHeraldic malfeasance. I have no idea why it was never resubmitted and apparently neither do the previous Gold Falcons. Before analyzing the appeal for hardship, it is perhaps advisable to quote the passage from the May, 1989, letter of acceptances and returns quoted above: This was apparently returned for a mismatch between blazon and emblazon in October, 1982, and never resubmitted. This is a tragic omission for, as SilverTrumpet noted, it now conflicts with the badge of Parlan MacFallon. . . Note that Laurel never implied heraldic malfeasance in her comments. The tragic omission referred to the fact that a piece of armoury which conflicted had been registered in the meantime. Thus, the fact that Master Wilhelm would have registered the armoury if it had been promptly resubmitted is irrelevant: hardship pleas can insulate a submission against changes in the rules, but generally do not allow registration of an item when a conflict has been created by passage of new armoury in the interval between the original return and resubmission. As Silver Trumpet, Laurel Designate and others have noted, no real evidence for heraldic malfeasance has been presented. While it is heroic of the former Gold Falcons in question to assume blame for the failure in order to register the submission, it is not clear that any herald ever failed to perform as the Principality/Kingdom desired. When the submission first came before the College, Laurel searched the Laurel files for any correspondence with regard to this submission. None was found. No complaint that a submission was forwarded from the Principality in the days when Calontir was yet part of the Middle and lost by the then Dragon Herald (who now lives in Calontir!). No hint that the Principality Herald (now Badger) spaced a resubmission when it had been presented to him by the coronet of Calontir. No recollection in commentary from either Badger or Green Anchor (whose tenures as Gold Falcon straddled the end of Principality and beginning of Kingdom status) that they had been directed to resubmit the badge but had failed to do so. No hint in The Mews that the issue had ever been considered or raised by any member of the Calontir populace in the period between 1982 and 1989. All this at a period when the level of activity from current and former members of the Calontir heraldic bureaucracy was high. (For example, the former precedence herald of Calontir, now Lanner, served for more than three years as Morsulus Herald in charge of maintaining the Armorial and Ordinary and lists of Society Orders.) (The old rules specifically stated that any hardship appeal had to be made within three years of the original submission "after which time no special consideration will be given".) As Silver Trumpet has quite rightly noted, if an individual submittor had waited seven years to resubmit and came to the College with a submission that would have passed seven years before but now conflicted, we would sympathize with them, but reiterate the principal of priority. This is the case here. No clear evidence has been presented of active malfeasance or nonfeasance on the part of the heralds which frustrated the will of the Principality. Clear and unambiguous conflicts now exist. The badge must be returned.

Calontir, Kingdom of. Badge for Order of the Silver Hammer. Sable, a hammer argent. Conflict with both the arms of Tubal­Cain as cited in Fabulous Heraldry ("Sable, a hammer argent, crowned Or.") to which it is functionally identical and Martell ("Argent, three hammers argent.", as cited in Papworth, p. 901). While the latter would have cleared under the old rules, the former would be a conflict under both rules as the crown could produce no more than a minor point of difference (it is analogous to a maintained object or the gorging on an animal). Note that Brachet is correct under the old rules in citing a conflict with the Hammer Pursuivant registered to Meridies: unfortunately, this does not appear to have been cited in commentary at the time the name of the Order was registered in May, 1989.

Lelia ni Lachtnáin Uí Chathail. Device. Lozengy couped Or and vert, on a pale vert, three unicorn's heads, couped and sinister facing, Or. It is our opinion that this is a conflict under both old and new rules with Armand Baird ("Lozengy vert and Or, on a pale vert in pale a harp Or and a sword argent."): there is a clear difference for the changes to the tertiaries (a major point under the old rules since there are no secondaries present). However, under the old rules we cannot see giving more than a very weak minor for the difference between "lozengy vert and Or" and "lozengy couped Or and vert". Certainly, it is not a clear visual difference under the new rules. Under the new rules, this also conflicts with the badge for the Order of the Dragon's Tooth of the Middle Kingdom ("Or, on a pale vert, three fangs palewise Or.") and Turnour ("Ermine, on a pale vert, three trefoils Or.").

Llewelyn the Archer. Device. Per chevron azure and vert, a chevron between two compass stars and a tower Or. Conflict with Meer ("Azure, a chevron between three mullets of six points Or.", as cited in Papworth, p. 460). It is dubious that this would have been clear under the old rules: there is a minor for a low contrast field and a minor for application of a minor point change to some of a group of secondary charges. Even if one considers the change from six to eight points a clear minor point (and we are inclined to), it is negligible under the old rules since it is applied to only some of the group of secondary charges (DoD. D.6).

Tumikia Mahmood al­Taifi. Name and device. Gules, on a pile between two elephant's tusks argent, an elephant rampant sable. While we are fully aware of and sympathize with the constraints under which the heralds of Calontir were working, this given name is not documented as a period given name. The citation from the dictionary cited in the letter of intent indicates that it is a form of a Swahili verb meaning "be used by or available by, be at the service of, and so commonly, obey, be obedient to, be a servant to". First of all, it has not been established that Swahili is a period language. While the name itself is derived from the Arabic (cf. OED s.v. Swahili), it describes a group of Bantu peoples along the east coast of Africa and not a language per se. According to some sources, Swahili is in fact a relatively modern Bantu lingua franca, developed in the post­ period colonial era. Secondly, even assuming that Swahili is a period language, no evidence has been presented that either Swahili or the interacting Arabic cultures form given names from Swahili verbal forms or adjectives in this manner. Note that the same documentation shows a number of noun forms that would appear more likely candidates for this usage and all prefix the "tum" stem with "m­". Thus, "Mtume" is the word used to describe Mohammed or the Apostles (literally, one who is used or sent). "Mtumwa" is a "slave" or "bondservant". "Mtumishi" is a "household servant". The device was blazoned on the letter of intent as having the elephant on "a pile enhanced". We are uncertain as to the submittors intent: does he wish an elephant on a properly drawn pile, does he wish a field per chevron inverted, or an argent field with two tusks and a chief triangular with the elephant? Whatever he wishes, this picture does not achieve it. . . As Brigantia noted, this is simply incorrect.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Bérengar de Clisson. Device. Ermine, on a bend cotised azure a lion's gambe erased Or. Silver Trumpet's late­breaking citation of Pope Innocent VII ("Or, on a bend cotised azure, a comet Or.") is correct. Under the new rules, it is definitely a conflict. Given the manner in which we usually depict comets in the Society, this is a particularly striking visual echo.

Ceole Seabhac. Device. Azure, a harp, perched atop it an owl close argent. We had to agree with Silver Trumpet and others that there was a conflict with the Caidan Order of the Harp Argent, cited on the letter of intent ("Azure, a harp within a bordure embattled argent."). There is definitely a difference in type of secondary charge, but as the difference in position derived largely from the essential nature of the bordure, no additional difference can be derived from its position.

Felding, Borough of. Badge. Barry wavy azure and argent, on a pile inverted throughout vert, a fox sejant guardant argent. For a discussion of the name, see ACCEPTANCES under the heading of the Barony of Carolingia. The consensus of opinion in the College was that the visual similarity between the fox and the wolf as depicted in the Society was too great to allow difference lacking solid evidence that the two were distinguished as separate charges in period. Given the ambiguity of the the evidence by blazon on the letter of intent and the clear evidence provided by Silver Trumpet of period confusion between the two in Glover's Ordinary, we have no alternative but to return the badge.

Griffyn ap Madoc. Name only. Conflict under old rules and new with the previously registered name of Grufydd ap Madog.

Kwelland­Njal Kolskeggson. Device. Azure, a net argent. The consensus of the College was that the net and the spiderweb were visually too close to clear this from the badge of the Order of Arachne's Web ("Sable, a spider web argent.").

Megan ni Laine. Name and device. Per fess azure and vert, in chief an open book argent and in base three fleurs­de­lys, all within a bordure engrailed Or. Brigantia's original return of the name for incorrect Irish grammar was appropriate. Unfortunately, the submittor specifically barred formation of a holding name and requested return of the device rather than passage with a holding name.

Vye von Kriegsfeld. Name only. The form of the given name as a Frisian form of "Sophia" was documented from an entry under that name from Long's Personal and Family Names (p. 112) as well as a similarly undated table entry from Yonge (p. 107). Unfortunately, there is no solid evidence for this form as a period form, even as a diminutive of Sophia and we would have to have such evidence or at least evidence that Frisian forms diminutives in such an unusual manner before registering this given name.

KINGDOM OF MERIDIES

Lenora Isabella Niccolini. Device. Gyronny sable and vert, a winged lion rampant between three crosses patonce Or. The new rules are quite specific in banning gyronny of two colours. While we sympathize with the submittor's having been caught just on the cusp of a rules change, the problem of the low­contrast field was not mentioned in the original return because the letter was written and distributed before Laurel was notified of the approval of the rules for submission at the Board meeting held at the end of October. As soon as this information became known, together with the fact that the stylistic portions of the rules could go into effect, the "grace period" clock should have started ticking. In point of fact, a three­month grace period from the acceptance of the rules in October had been specified; Laurel extended this for another three months to allow extra time for kingdom processing to clear any backlog of "problem" submissions. In this case, over three months elapsed between notification of the return for poor style and the point at which the revised submission was returned to the College. A couple of commentors suggested that, if the submittor had revised her device according to suggestions from the College, then we had a moral obligation to pass it. No suggestion was made. The return read: There was virtually unanimous agreement in the College that the almost random arrangement of the crosses and monster were not heraldic and not period style.

Tyrone Kent of Elfinwood. Name and device. Vert, on a chevron sable, fimbriated, between two mullets and a horse passant, two tilting spears in chevron argent. The device seemed acceptable, but the submittor unfortunately indicated he would allow no changes whatsoever to his name and struck out the section of the forms which applied to holding names. The name "Tyrone" is a place name in Ireland and does not appear to be used as a given name before this century. No evidence whatsoever was provided by the submittor for its period use and that is what is necessary. If he wants a period Irish given name that sounds similar, he might try "Tírechán", the name of the biographer of Saint Patrick (O Corrain and Maguire, Gaelic Personal Names, p. 171). For those that twitched about the locative, it is not only his actual home town but also a perfectly good period place name formation: Scotland and England have a number of "Elfin­" or "Elphin­" locations and some of them are clearly period (e.g., Elphinstone in Midlothian which gives rise to several period citations in Reaney, p. 117).

KINGDOM OF THE OUTLANDS

Abrana von Sturzenhofacker. Name and device. Pily barry argent and vert, an Arabic rose and on a chief embattled purpure, three rivenstars elongated to base Or. The documentation provided for the name as a Spanish feminine form of Abraham was Sisneros and Torres Spanish Given Names in New Mexico which by definition considers out of period names. While there was considerable discussion of the "compatibility" of the name, noone could document it from period. As it is, we are talking about a supposed feminine form from an undocumented masculine period form for a name which was not popular outside orthodoxly Jewish circles in period Spain (in which it would hardly have been used by a female!). Moreover, the normal Spanish forms for Abraham today, according to several modern naming sources, are Abram, Abraham and Abrahan, none of which have the terminal "o" to modify to "a" in a feminine form. As noted on the November, 1989, letter when Katrine Stürzenhoffacktor's name was accepted, the documentation of a family name from modern immigration documents such as those used on the letter of intent is dicey: "even for the names used in the nineteenth century, because most clerks filling out the forms did not speak the languages in which the names were generated (anyone who has looked at the immigration records of those coming from Ireland, let alone eastern Europe, will know what we mean!). In this case, we have not been able to find anything like this name as a place name, much less one with the meaning given on the letter of intent ('fallen castle land'). However, when the usual 'sound slips' for nineteenth­century transcription are applied, the name does follow a well­known, if late period, occupational format for someone running a farm or estate. In this case, the actual form would combine 'Stürze' (meaning a 'fall', either literally or in the sense of ruins), 'Hof' (meaning a 'farm') and 'Faktor' (meaning a 'factor') for 'Stürzenhoffaktor'. With such a usage the preposition would naturally be dropped in period usage." While Silver Trumpet is correct in saying that it is not necessarily true that use of a distinctive charge must be limited to the individual or group who uses it first, in this case the issue of style intervenes. The submittor here proposes to use a slightly more complex variant of the "rivenstar" with six points (four greater and two lesser) as tertiary charges, i.e., where their identifiability would be diminished because of smaller size. While it is clear that the use of the "classic rivenstar", registered to the Barony of Rivenstar in August, 1979, would be "grandfathered" for that group, it does not seem that the modified "rivenstar" used here meets the standards for style that we have required for some time in Society heraldry. Even if it did, used as it is here, in a design that includes three different type of charges, two of which are variant forms of unusual charges, four tinctures and a visually distracting field combination, the "rivenstar" only adds to the excessive complexity of the device. Note that the primary charge has been previously registered in 1981 for Babur ibn Yesugai and Kaidu ibn Yesugai as a "Mamluk rosette" (not an Arabic rose) based on an illustration in Mayer's Saracenic Heraldry.

Dughall MacDhomhnuill. Device. Or, a pall inverted gules between three frets sable. Conflict under both old rules and new with Caroline Buxton of Talbot ("Or, a pall inverted gules between three talbot's heads sable."): there is only a single change, that for type of secondary charge.

Margarete of Stirlingshire. Device. Azure, a cross flory between four gores voided, all within a bordure Or. There was general agreement that, although this design does resemble a period window tracery, it has serious stylistic problems as heraldry. Specifically, gores by definition are limited to two in number and rest in the flanks of a field. Also, long­standing Society precedent disallows fimbriation or voiding or gores.

Mlodn Zupan the Merchant. Name only. The submittor's documentation for the given name was "familiar affectionate for person named after the missionary using the Latin name Malodorous" [sic]. The letter of intent indicated that it should be considered a variant of the name "Mladen" cited in Yonge (p. 445). Unfortunately, no real evidence was given for either the use of the name in period Serbia nor for the possibility of such mutations in Serbian. The byname was given as an adjective meaning "of the parish", but no supporting evidence for this or for its proper grammatical usage was given.

Siana of Castletown Bearhaven. Badge. A demi­wyvern issuant from a chevron, inverted, couped and fretted with a fret couped, all azure. While the sense of the meeting was that the conjunction and single tincture of the proposed badge were simplifying elements, we had to agree with Brigantia, Silver Trumpet and others who felt this was too complex, in part because of the anomalies involved in the design. There are three distinct charges conjoined which diminishes the identifiability of all of them, save perhaps the demi­wyvern (which is of course identical to a demi­dragon but used for canting purposes). The basic concept of the design requires an abnormal elongation of the fret to chief to allow it to be fretted with the chevron while being couped rather close to base. This is just visually too confusing.

Theresea die Tanzerin. Device. Azure, a tambourine affronty proper, cymballed Or, skinned argent. This is not in the default position for a tambourine (used for the badge of Maelgwyn y Trafeiliwr under ACCEPTANCES above). Contrary to Brigantia's assumption the frame does not show brown clearly all around the circle and is in fact, in this case, a very light buff. The "jingly bits" (Brigantia's description appealed to the meeting) are gold and not the usual argent. After much consideration we decided that the "frou­frou" around the outer edges of the argent circle were not adequate to difference it from Eldham ("Azure, a plate argent.") under either old rules or new. The situation here is rather like that of the plate versus the moon in its plenitude: there is insufficient visual difference between the two to call them adequately clear. Were the tambourine in its usual position, this would not be true.

Tokokan of the Cuman. Name only. The submittor's own documentation suggests that this may be a unique given name, used only by the great­grandson of Genghis Khan who was the son of one Khan of the Horde, brother of another and father of two others. The submittor's documentation is from The Devil's Horsemen, an account of the Mongol invasion of Europe and defines the Cumans as "Turko­Mongol nomads of the Russian steppes". As Tokokan flourished in the middle of the thirteenth century, at the height of Mongol influence in Russia, this is even more problematic.

KINGDOM OF THE WEST

Magnus Torvaldson. Device. Per fess engrailed argent and azure, a hammer proper. Since the Society traditionally considers "chaussé" as a field division variant, this conflicts under both old and new rules with the device of Lughaid Eamon MacDiarmid ("Or, chaussé ployé vert, a smith's hammer sable."). There is a difference for field but even under the old rules there would have been at most a minor for the partial difference of tincture of the hammer (the head of a hammer proper is by default sable). Since the primary tincture of a hammer is generally determined by its head and, in this particular case the haft has problems with contrast, no matter how depicted, it was our feeling that no difference should be granted under the new rules for the tincture difference in the hammer.

Veniamin Nafanovich Medvednikogotev. Device. Sable, three wolve's teeth issuant from dexter argent. Under both old and new rules this conflicts with the badge of Raonull Modar ("Azure, ermined, three wolve's teeth issuant from dexter argent."). Silver Trumpet is also correct in noting that this would also be a technical conflict under both rules with Halkett ("Sable, three piles in point argent.", as cited in Woodward, p. 147).

THE FOLLOWING SUBMISSIONS ARE PENDING:



KINGDOM OF AN TIR

Freydis Aelfhilda of Gloppinfjord. Name and device. Per saltire Or and sable, in pale two mullets sable and in fess two sets of pan pipes Or. The letter of intent showed the submittor's name as Susan of Bitter End and noted that it was a holding name. As only at the Laurel level are holding names permitted, passing the submittor's armoury under the submitted name would mean that the submittor would be required to pay for a name change at Laurel level. This is not fair to the submittor, the more so since the name on the forms, Freydis Aelfhilda of Gloppenfjord, may well be compatible with current Society naming practise. To be perfectly fair to the submittor, we are acting as if the correctly submitted name appeared on the letter of intent incorrectly and pending both the device and the originally submitted name until the August meeting for further comment on the name and, if necessary, on the device.

KINGDOM OF ATLANTIA

Alaric fitz Madoc. Device. Barry wavy azure and argent, a dolphin haurient to sinister gules. The tincture of the fish was omitted from the blazon on the letter of intent. This is therefore pended until the August Laurel meeting for further conflict checking. Note that it was stated on the letter of intent that the name was in process at Laurel level. In fact, it has been registered in August, 1989.

Kendrick del Grenewode. Device. Vert, a ram's head cabossed and on a chief embattled Or, three oak leaves vert. No forms were received for this emblazon, i.e., only the paperwork for the name was received. By dint of colouring the mini­emblazon from the letter of intent and using that as a guide for a full­size depiction, we were able to consider this for conflict at the meeting, but we need forms before this can be registered.

Timmeke Haakonsson of Nordheim. Change of name from Timothy of Nordheim. Unfortunately, neither the documentation nor the paperwork for this name change was forwarded to Laurel so they could not be evaluated. The name is pended until the cited documentation is forthcoming.

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