Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

The List of Alternate Titles

as approved by the College of Arms October 2017

Title Table Index:

Arabic Language Group	Arabic
Baltic Language Group	Estonian
Dutch Language Group	Dutch
East and South Asian Languages	Sanskrit, Chinese, Japanese
English/Welsh Language Group	English, Old English, Welsh
French Language Group	French
Gaelic Language Group	Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic
German Language Group	German
Greek Language Group	Greek
Hungarian/Romanian Language Group	Hungarian, Romanian
Iberian Language Group	Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan
Italian Language Group	Italian
Jewish Language Group	Hebrew
Latin	Medieval Latin
Mongol Language Group	Mongol
North Slavic Language Group	Polish, Czech
Russian/East Slavic Language Group	Russian
Scandinavian (Early) Language Group	Viking Norwegian, Viking Danish, Viking Swedish, Viking Icelandic
Scandinavian (Late) Language Group	Medieval Norwegian, Medieval Danish, Medieval Swedish, Finnish
South Slavic Language Group	Albanian
Turkish Language Group	Turkish

The Society Governing Documents provide a list of standard titles in Section VIII, Subsection D, "Titles", and grant the College of Arms full authority to approve alternative titles. The alternate titles approved by the College of Arms are listed in the tables below.

Explanatory notes:

Sometimes more than one form of alternate title has been found to be acceptable. Where more than one form exists, in the tables below the alternates have been separated by a slash ("/"). For example, the masculine listing for "Award or Grant of Arms" in Welsh has "Arglwydd/Boneddig/Bonheddwr". If someone with a Welsh persona named Owain had been given an Award of Arms, he could be Arglwydd Owain, Boneddig Owain, or Bonheddwr Owain.

Forms which are preceded by a hyphen ("-") are appended to the given name, in the form "[Name]- [title/form of address]".

Arabic Language Group

Arabic

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Malik/Sultan	Malika/Sultana
Coronet	Amir	Amira
Duchy	Mushir/Musaitir	Mushira/Musaitira
County
Viscounty	Naqib	Naqiba
Peerage Order	Mu'allim	Mu'allima
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Faris	Farisa
Barony	Shayk/Sheik	Shayka/Sheika
Award or Grant of Arms	Sayyid	Sayyida

Baltic Language Group

Estonian

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Kuningas, Kunningas, Kunninkas	Kunninga Prawwa
Coronet	Först (territorial), Perris Würst (heir), Würst (territorial)	Perris Würsti Prawwa (heir), Würsti Prawwa (territorial)
Duchy	Erzog	Erzogi Prawwa
County
Viscounty
Peerage Order	Issand	Emmand
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Rutl
Barony
Award or Grant of Arms	Issand	Prawwa

Dutch Language Group

Dutch

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Koning	Koningin
Coronet		Prins	Prenses
Duchy		Hertog	Hertogin
County		Graaf	Gravin
Viscounty		Burggraaf	Burggravin
Peerage Order		Meester	Meesteres
Knight (title)	Ser	Ser
Knight (noun)	Ridder	Ridder
Barony		Baron	Barones
Award or Grant of Arms		her/heer	Vrouwe/Joncvrouwe

East and South Asian Languages

Sanskrit

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Rajan	Rajni
Coronet	Kumarah	Raja-putri
Duchy
County
Viscounty
Peerage Order	Svamin	Svamini
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Ksatriyah
Barony
Award or Grant of Arms	Arya	Adhipati

Chinese

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown
Coronet		Wang	Kuêi Chu
Duchy		Kung Chüeh	Nü Kung
County		T'a Hóu	Nu T'a Pó
Viscounty		T'a Pó	Nu T'a Pó
Peerage Order		Tzê	Nü Tzê
Knight (title)	-chi-sh h
Knight (noun)	Chi-sh h
Barony		Nanchüeh	Nü Nan
Award or Grant of Arms		Chu	Chu Fu

Japanese

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Ô	Jo-Ô
Coronet		Denka/Ô-ji	Hi-denka/Ô-jo
Duchy		Kô-shaku	Kô-shaku-fujin
County		Haku-shaku	Haku-shaku-fujin
Viscounty		Shi-shaku	Shi-shaku-fujin
Peerage Order	Sensei	Sensei	Sensei
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Sensei	Sensei	Sensei
Barony		Dan-shaku	Dan-shaku-fujin
Award or Grant of Arms	-san	-san	-san

English/Welsh Language Group

English

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		King	Queen
Coronet		Prince	Princess
Duchy		Duke	Duchess
County		Count	Countess
Viscounty		Viscount	Viscountess
Peerage Order	Master	Master	Mistress/Dame
Knight (title)	Sir	Sir	Sir
Knight (noun)	Knight	Knight	Knight
Barony		Baron	Baroness
Award or Grant of Arms	Noble; (Name), Armiger; (Given name), Armiger	Lord	Lady

Old English

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Cyning/Kyng	Cwene
Coronet		Ætheling	Hlaefdige
Duchy		Eorl	Hlaefdige
County		Eorl	Hlaefdige
Viscounty		Thegn	Hlaefdige
Peerage Order		Magister	Hlaefdige
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Cniht/Ridda	Cniht/Ridda	Cniht/Ridda
Barony		Thegn	Hlaefdige
Award or Grant of Arms		Hlaford	Hlaefdige

Welsh

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Teyrn	Brenin	Brenhines
Coronet	Teyrn/ Edling/ Gwrthrychiad	Tywysog	Tywysoges
Duchy	Gwledig	Dug	Duges
County	Gwledig	Iarll	Iarlles
Viscounty	Gwledig	Isiarll	Isiarlles
Peerage Order	Cyfurdd/ Dyl(y)edog/ Pendefig	Meistr	Meistres
Knight (title)	Syr	Syr	Syr
Knight (noun)	Cyfurdd/ Dyl(y)edog/ Pendefig	Marchog	Marchoges
Barony		Barwn/Bre(h)yr	Barwnes/Bre(h)yres
Award or Grant of Arms		Arglwydd/Boneddig/Bonheddwr	Arglwyddes/Bonesig/Boneddiges

French Language Group

French

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Roi	Reine
Coronet	Prince	Princesse
Duchy	Duc	Duchesse
County	Comte	Comtesse
Viscounty	Vicomte	Vicomtesse
Peerage Order	Maistre/Mestre	Maistresse/Mestresse
Knight (title)	Sieur
Knight (noun)	Chevalier
Barony	Baron	Baronne
Award or Grant of Arms	Seigneur	Madame

Gaelic Language Group

Irish Gaelic

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Ri/Righ	Banrion/Bean-righ
Coronet	Prionsa/Flaith	Beanphrionsa/Banfhlaith
Duchy	Diuc/Righ-cuicidh	Bandiuc
County	Cunta/Iarla	Cuntaois
Viscounty	Biocunta	Biocuntaois
Peerage Order	Maistir	Maistreas
Knight (title)	Sior/An ridire
Knight (noun)	Ridire
Barony	Barun/Righ-tuatha	Banbharun
Award or Grant of Arms	Tiarna	Bantiarna

Scots Gaelic

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Righ	Bannrigh/Banrinn
Coronet	Prionnsa	Bannaphrionnsa
Duchy	Diuc	Bandiuc
County	Iarla	Baniarla
Viscounty	Biocas	Bana bhiocas
Peerage Order	Maighstir	Banamhaighstir
Knight (title)	a Shir/Shair
Knight (noun)	Ridire
Barony	Thegn	Bannthegn
Award or Grant of Arms	Tighearn(a)	Baintighearn(a)

German Language Group

German

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		König	Königin
Coronet		Prinz	Prinzessin
Duchy		Herzog	Herzogin
County		Graf	Gräfin
Viscounty		Landgraf	Landgräfin
Peerage Order		Meister	Meisterin
Knight (title)	Sir	Sir
Knight (noun)	Ritter	Ritter
Barony		Barun/Freiherr	Barunin/Freiherrin
Award or Grant of Arms		Herr	Herrin

Greek Language Group

Greek

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Basiléus	Basilissa
Coronet	Pringkepas	Pringképissa
Duchy	Kómes tou stáblou	Komitissa tou stáblou
County	Komes	Komitissa
Viscounty
Peerage Order	Despotes	Despôtissa
Knight (title)	Hippôtes/Kûrios
Knight (noun)	Strâtiotes
Barony	Barônos	Baronôssa
Award or Grant of Arms	Kûrios	Kuria

Hungarian/Romanian Language Group

Hungarian

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Kiraly	Kiralynö
Coronet	Fejedelem	Fejedelemnö
Duchy	Ban/Herceg	Banno/Hercegnö
County	Foispan/Grof	Föispanno/Grofnö
Viscounty	Vicomte	Vicomte felesége
Peerage Order	Mester/Tanár	Mesternö/Tanárnö
Knight (title)	Úr	Uram
Knight (noun)	Lovag
Barony	Baro	Baronö
Award or Grant of Arms	Gyula	Asszony

Romanian

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Rege	Reginâ
Coronet	Principe	Principesâ
Duchy	Duce	Ducesâ
County	Conte	Contesâ
Viscounty	Viconte	Vicontesâ
Peerage Order	Stâpan	Stâpanâ
Knight (title)	Domnule
Knight (noun)	Cavaler
Barony	Baron	Baroneasâ
Award or Grant of Arms	Domn	Doamnâ

Iberian Language Group

Spanish

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Rey	Reina
Coronet	Principe	Princesa
Duchy	Duque	Duquesa
County	Conde	Condesa
Viscounty	Visconde	Viscondesa
Peerage Order	Maestro	Dueña
Knight (title)	Don	Doña
Knight (noun)	Caballero
Barony	Baron	Baronesa
Award or Grant of Arms	Señor/Don	Señora/Doña

Portuguese

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Rei	Raihna
Coronet	Principe	Princesa
Duchy	Duque	Duquesa
County	Conde	Condêssa
Viscounty	Visconde	Viscondêssa
Peerage Order	Mestre	Mestra
Knight (title)	Cavaleiro
Knight (noun)	Cavaleiro
Barony	Barão	Baronesa
Award or Grant of Arms	Senhor	Senhora

Catalan

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Rei	Reina
Coronet	Princep	Princesa
Duchy	Duc	Duquessa
County	Comte	Comtessa
Viscounty	Vescomte	Vescomtessa
Peerage Order	Mestre	Mestressa
Knight (title)	Senyor
Knight (noun)	Cavaller
Barony	Barô	Baronessa
Award or Grant of Arms	Senyor	Senyora

Italian Language Group

Italian

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Re	Regina
Coronet	Principe	Principessa
Duchy	Duca/Doge/Doxe	Duchessa/Dogaressa
County	Conte	Contessa
Viscounty	Visconte	Viscontessa
Peerage Order	Maestro/Messer/Magnifico	Maestra/Magnifica
Knight (title)	Sir
Knight (noun)	Cavaliere
Barony	Barone	Baronessa
Award or Grant of Arms	Signore	Signora

Jewish Language Group

Hebrew

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Melech	Malchah
Coronet	Nasi	Nasichah
Duchy	Alluf	Allufah
County	Shilton	Shiltanah
Viscounty
Peerage Order
Knight (title)	Sair	Sairah
Knight (noun)	Parash	Parasha
Barony	Nagid	Nagidah
Award or Grant of Arms	Reb	Rebbah

Latin

Medieval Latin

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Rex	Regina
Coronet		Princeps	Princepissa
Duchy		Dux	Ducessa
County		Comes	Comitessa
Viscounty		Viscomes	Viscomitessa
Peerage Order		Magister	Magistra
Knight (title)	Eques	Eques	Eques
Knight (noun)	Miles	Miles	Miles
Barony		Bâro	Bâronessa
Award or Grant of Arms	(Name) nobilis	Dominus	Domina

Mongol Language Group

Mongol

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown
Coronet
Duchy
County
Viscounty
Peerage Order
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Bahadur
Barony
Award or Grant of Arms

North Slavic Language Group

Polish

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Krõl	Krõlowa
Coronet		Ksiaze	Ksiezna
Duchy		Ksiaze	Ksiezna
County		Hrabia	Hrabina
Viscounty		Wicehrabia	Wicehrabina
Peerage Order		Majster	Metressa
Knight (title)		Pan	Pani
Knight (noun)	Rycerz
Barony		Baron	Baronowa
Award or Grant of Arms		Pan	Pani

Czech

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Kral	Kralovna
Coronet		Knize/Princ	Knezna/Princezna
Duchy		Vévoda	Vévodkyn
County		Hrab	Hraběnka
Viscounty		Vikomt	Vikomta
Peerage Order		Pan	Pani
Knight (title)	Ryti
Knight (noun)		Lord
Barony		Baron	Baronka
Award or Grant of Arms		Lord	Dáma

Russian/East Slavic Language Group

Russian

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Tsar/Velikii Kniaz	Tsaritsa/Velikaia Kniaginia
Coronet		Tsarevich/Kniazhich (Heir)/Kniaz (Territorial)	Tsarevna/Kniazna (Heir)/Kniaginia (Territorial)
Duchy		Kniaz	Kniaginia
County		Kniaz	Kniaginia
Viscounty		Kniaz	Kniaginia
Peerage Order	Master	Master/Boiarin	Master/Masteritsa/Boiarynia
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Rytsar	Boiarin	Boiarynia
Barony		Posadnik/Voevoda	Posadnitsa/Voevodsha
Award or Grant of Arms		Pomestnik/Dvorianin/Boiarin	Pomestnitsa/Dvorianka/Boiarynia

Scandinavian (Early) Language Group

Viking Norwegian

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Konungr	Consort: Dróttning; Regnant: Hofuðdróttning/Meykongr
Coronet	Oðlingr
Duchy	Hertogi	Hertogakona
County	Jarl	Jarlkona/Jarlskona
Viscounty
Peerage Order	Meistari/Íþróttamaðr/Kennari/Lærifaðir	Íþróttakona/Lærimoðir
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)
Barony	Hersir	Hersirkona/Hersiskona/Ágætr kona
Award or Grant of Arms	Drót(t)in	Frú/Frauva/Frouva/Frou

Viking Danish

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Konungr/Konung	Dróttning
Coronet
Duchy
County
Viscounty
Peerage Order
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)
Barony	Landmanna
Award or Grant of Arms	Drot(t)in	Fruha

Viking Swedish

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Konungr	Dróttning
Coronet
Duchy
County	Jarl
Viscounty
Peerage Order
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)
Barony
Award or Grant of Arms	Drotin

Viking Icelandic

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown
Coronet
Duchy
County
Viscounty
Peerage Order		Meistari/Íþróttamaðr/Kennari/Lærifaðir	Íþróttakona/Lærimoðir
Knight (title)
Knight (noun)	Kappi
Barony		Goði/Hofðingi/Ágætr maðr	Ágætr kona
Award or Grant of Arms

Scandinavian (Late) Language Group

Medieval Norwegian

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Konungr/Konung(h)	Drotning(h)/Drotingenne/Drotnigh/Dronning
Coronet		Jungherra/Junc(k)her/Junkher/Forste/F(f)ørste/Furst(e)	Jung-/Junc-/Jun(c)k- + -frú/-fru/-frw/-fraw
Duchy		Hertogi/Hertug(h)/Hertog(h)	Hertug(h)inna/Hertog(h)inna
County		Jarl/Greifi/Greffue/Gre(ff)we/Greff	Grevinne/Grefinne/Greffinne
Viscounty
Peerage Order		Meistare/Mester/Meister/Magister/Lærer	Mesterinde/Lærerinde/Læremoder
Knight (title)		Herra
Knight (noun)	Riddari/Ridd(h)are/Ridd(h)ere/Ridder
Barony		Lendr maðr/Barún
Award or Grant of Arms		Herra/Herre/Her

Medieval Danish

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Konung(h)/Koning(h)/Konig	Drotning
Coronet		Furst	Jungfrauwe/Junckfruw/Juncvrow
Duchy		Hertug/Hertig/Herteghe/Hertoge/Hertogh(e)	Hertoghinne
County		Jarl/Greue/Greffue	Grevinne
Viscounty
Peerage Order		Mesteri/Mæster	Læremoder
Knight (title)		Her
Knight (noun)	Ridd(h)er(e)
Barony		Landmannr
Award or Grant of Arms		Her/Drót(t)in(n)	Frue/Fruæ/Frughæ/Frowe

Medieval Swedish

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Kununger/Konung(h)/Konung(e)r	Drotning
Coronet		Först	Junc(k)fru(e)
Duchy		Hertugh/Hætogher	Hertoghinne
County		Jarl/Greifi	Grevinne
Viscounty
Peerage Order		Mæistari/Mæstare/Mæster	Läremoder/Mästarinna
Knight (title)		Her/Herra/Hærre
Knight (noun)	Riddare/Riddere/Ryttare
Barony		Barun
Award or Grant of Arms		Drotin	Fru/Fruæ/Frw(e)/Frwæ/Fru(u)a/Frugha

Finnish

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Kuningas	Kuningatar
Coronet		Ruhtinas/Prinssi	Ruhtinatar/Prinsessa
Duchy		Herttua	Herttuatar
County		Kreivi, Jaarli	Kreivitär
Viscounty		Varakreivi	Varakreivitär
Peerage Order	Mestari/Maisteri
Knight (title)	Ritari
Knight (noun)	Ritari
Barony		Vapaaherra/Paroni	Vapaaherratar/Paronitar
Award or Grant of Arms		Herra	Rouva

South Slavic Language Group

Albanian

Rank	Masculine	Feminine
Crown	Mbret	Mbretëreshë
Coronet	Princ/Bir Mbreti	Princeshë/Bijë Mreti
Duchy	Dukë	Dukeshë
County	Kont	Konteshë
Viscounty
Peerage Order	Kryetar	Kryetare
Knight (title)	Zotni
Knight (noun)	Kreshnik
Barony
Award or Grant of Arms	Zoti/Bujar	Zönjë/Bujare

Turkish Language Group

Turkish

Rank	Gender Neutral	Masculine	Feminine
Crown		Sultan (given name) Khan/Sultan (given name) Shah	(given name) Sultan
Coronet	Shahzade	Sultan	(Given name) Sultan
Duchy		(Given name) Pasha	(Given name) Hatun
County		(Given name) Pasha	(Given name) Hatun
Viscounty		(Given name) Pasha	(Given name) Hatun
Peerage Order		Üstat	Hanim
Knight (title)		Sör
Knight (noun)		Sövalye
Barony		Bey	(Given name) Hatun
Award or Grant of Arms		Efendi	(Given name) Hatun

Summary of Changes, 1999-2017

Italian

Add "Messer" as alternate titles for Master Laurel or Pelican (March 1999)

Turkish

King: Add "Sultan (Given Name) Khan", "Sultan (Given Name) Shah" (July 2006)

Remove "Krall" (July 2006)
Queen: Add "(Given Name) Sultan" (March 2007)

Remove "Kralice" (March 2007)
Prince: Add "Sultan (Given Name)", "Shahzade" (March 2007)

Remove "Prens", "Emir" (March 2007)
Princess: Add "(Given Name) Sultan", "Shahzade" (March 2007)

Remove "Prenses" (March 2007)
Duke: Add "(Given Name) Pasha" (November 2007)

Remove "Duk", "Serdar" (November 2007)
Count: Add "(Given Name) Pasha" (November 2007)

Remove "Kont", "Beylerbey" (November 2007)
Viscount: Add "(Given Name) Pasha" (November 2007)

Remove "Vikont" (November 2007)
Duchess, Countess, Viscountess: No approved change
Baron: Remove "Baron" (October 2009)
Baroness: No change

French

Master: Add "Maistre", "Mestre" (July 2008)

Remove "Maître" (July 2008)
Mistress: Add "Maistresse", "Mestresse" (July 2008)

Remove "Maîtresse" (July 2008)
Count: Add "Conte" (July 2008)
Countess: Add "Contesse" (July 2008)

Russian

King: Add "Velikii Kniaz" (November 2008)
Queen: Add "Velikaia Kniaginia" (September 2009)
Prince (Heir): Add "Kniazhich" (November 2008)
Prince (Territorial): Add "Kniaz" (November 2008)
Princess (Heir): Add "Kniazhna" (November 2008)
Princess (Territorial): Add "Kniaginia" (September 2009)
Lord: Add "Dvorianin" (November 2008)

Add "Boiarin" (September 2009)
Lady: Add "Dvorianka" (November 2008)

Add "Boiarynia" (September 2009)
Baroness: Add "Voevodsha" (November 2008)

Remove "Voevoda" (November 2008)
Master: Add "Boiarin" (September 2009)
Mistress: Add "Masteritsa" (September 2009)

Add "Boiarynia" (September 2009)
Knight: Add "Boiarin" (September 2009)

Dutch

Sir: Add "Ser" (January 2014)

Remove "Mijnheer" (January 2014)
Lord: Add "her/heer" (January 2014)

Remove "Gebieder" (January 2014)
Lady: Add "Vrouwe/Joncvrouwe" (January 2014)

Remove "Gebiedster" (January 2014)

Various Scandinavian

All Titles: A large overhaul was done of all of the Scandinavian languages, including breaking them into Viking Age and Medieval. The details can be found in the August 2015 LoAR and are effective as of that date.

All Languages

A comprehensive revamp of the title tables was done in 2017, separating masculine, feminine and gender neutral forms into distinct columns.

Estonian: Per the May 2015 LoAR, the following changes have been made:

Latin: Per the May 2018 LoAR, the following changes have been made:
Estonian: Per the May 2018 LoAR, the following changes have been made:

English: Per the July 2018 LoAR, the following changes have been made:
Estonian: Added clarifications of the coronet-level titles

Arabic: Per the March 2019 LoAR, the titles Qadi, Qadiya, Maulan, Maulana, Naquib, and Naquiba have been removed as titles.

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