Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | The submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Italy. Because da is the usual Italian preposition used in a locative byname, the commentors questioned whether the preposition de was correct. However, as Kraken notes, "In the 13th century (the desired time frame), the transition from medieval Latin to Italian was in its early stages, and the Latin preposition de would still be in use..." [Lorita de Siena, 05/04, A-East] |
François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Sudentor was submitted as Middle English with the documentation:
However, there are a couple of issues with the proposed form Sudentor. First, the example of Sudendune dated to the Domesday Book is Old English (or a Latinized form of an Old English placename). It is not Middle English. Second, the cited examples of Dunstore and Eofede torr support -tore as the second element in a dithematic placename and torr as the second word in a two element placename. Neither supports -tor as a Middle English deuterotheme (second half) of a dithematic (two-element, one-word) placename. As a result, the submitted form Sudentor is actually a mix of Old English and Middle English. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Therefore, this name must be changed to a fully Old English or a fully Middle English form in order to be registerable. Ekwall (s.n. Siddington) dates the form Sudingdone to 1286, showing Suding- as a Middle English form of the earlier Suden-. Therefore, a fully Middle English form of this name would be Sudingtore. Ekwall (s.n. Dunster) dates the form Torre to the Domesday Book. Therefore, Sudentorre would be a form of this name consistent for the language of the Domesday Book (mainly Latinized Old English). Of these two forms, Sudentorre is closer than Sudingtore in sound and appearance to the submitted Sudentor. As the submitters allow minor changes, we have changed this name to the form Sudentorre in order to register this name. [Sudentorre, Canton of, 03/2004, A-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2004.03 | [Order name Ordo Famuli] Submitted as Ordo Primarius Famularis, Primarius was documented from a Latin dictionary as meaning 'in the first rank'. No evidence was provided and none was found to support a word with this meaning in a period order name. Lacking such evidence, we have dropped this element as the submitters allow all changes.
Additionally, the grammar of this order name was incorrect. The form Famularis is an adjective, not a noun. Grammatically correct forms would be Ordo Famuli 'Order of the Servant' and Ordo Famulorum 'Order of the Servants'. As the desired meaning was given as 'Primary or Honored Servant', we have registered this name in the singular form. [Stromgard, Barony of, 03/2004, A-Æthelmearc] |
François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Marcellus Padovano, the submitter requested authenticity for Renaissance Italian and allowed all changes. The submitter indicated that the sound "Marcellus" is most important to him.
As submitted, this name combines a Latin form of the given name with an Italian form of the byname. Typically, if a given name was written in Latin rather than in Italian, the byname would also be written in Latin. A man with this name would have had his name written in the fully Latin form Marcellus Padovanus, if the document in which his name was recorded was in Latin. Similarly, he would be recorded using the fully Italian form Marcello Padovano in an Italian language document. As the fully Latin form preserves the sound of Marcellus, we have changed this name to the Latin form Marcellus Padovanus in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Marcellus Padovanus, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2004.02 | [Household name Consortium Turrium No evidence was presented, nor could any be found that Consortium was a term used to refer to a group of people in period, or that Consortium Turrium follows a period naming pattern for an organized group of people in period. Lacking such evidence, this household name does not meet RfS III.2.b.iv, which states that "Household names must follow the patterns of period names of organized groups of people." Therefore, this household name cannot be registered.
In addition, the submitter may wish to know that the the submitted construction does not mean 'Consortium of the Tower' which he indicated was his desired meaning. The form that would have that meaning would be Consortium Turris. The submitted form means 'Consortium of the Towers'. [Kevin of Thornbury, 02/2004, R-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2004.01 | There was some controversy regarding the registerability of the given name Thalia. Thalia was registered with an English byname in 1995:
Additionally, De Felice Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (p. 160 s.n. Euterpe) indicates that the name Euterpe, also the name of a Muse, came into use in the Italian Renaissance. Based on this evidence, it is reasonable to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the name of the third Grace could have been used in Italy during the Renaissance. We do not know the form it would have taken, but the spelling Thalia is a reasonable Latinized form. Lacking evidence that any of the names of the Muses or Graces were used in England during the Renaissance, Thalia is not registerable as an English name. As English and Italian are registerable in the same name with one weirdness, this name is registerable. There was a question raised during commentary regarding the what exactly the documentation was that was referenced in the ruling:
A check of the submitter's file indicates that a commenter found the name Thalia as a 1st-2nd C A. D. Greek feminine given name in P. M. Fraser and E. Matthews, A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names (volume IIIA, p. 197 s.n. [theta-alpha-lamda-eta-iota-alpha]), which lists Thalia as a Latin form. [Thalia Ruggenall, 01/2004, A-Outlands] |
François la Flamme | 2004.01 | [Order name Order of Arquites Australes] Submitted as Order of Arquites Australis, based on the documentation, this order name basically means 'Order of Southern Bowmen'. No documentation was presented and none was found that an adjective meaning 'Southern' would have appeared in an order name in period. However, the barony has previously registered Order of the Lux Australis (registered in November 1993), Order of the Flos Australis (registered April 1988), and Order of the Astrum Australis (registered March 1985). Roughly translated, these order names mean 'Order of the Southern Light', 'Order of the Southern Flower', and 'Order of the Southern Star', respectively. Therefore, this basic construction is grandfathered to the barony so long as the noun in the order name is within the rather wide group of 'light', 'flower', and 'star'.
The submitted order name was intended to mean 'Order of the Southern Bowmen', based on the documentation provided in the LoI:
In this case, the grammar of the order name is not quite correct. Metron Ariston explains:
Based on Metron Ariston's information, we have changed the adjective in this order name from the singular Australis to the plural Australes in order to match the plural Arquites referring to bowmen (rather than a single bowman). While Arquites 'bowmen' does not fall into the same category of 'star', 'flower', and 'light' used in the barony's previously registered order names, a word meaning 'bowmen' is reasonable based on examples of period order names referring to plural groups of people such as Militia, Knights, Preachers, etc., listed in Meradudd Cethin's article "Project Ordensnamen OR What do you mean that the Anceint[sic] and Venerable Order of the Most Holy and Righteous Wombat's Toenail isn't period?" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/order/). As a result, the order name Order of Arquites Australes violates the RfS (due to lack of documentation of 'Southern' in an order name) in the same manner as the previously registered order names. While the word grandfathered via these order names is the singular form Arquitis, it is reasonable to allow the grandfathering to extend to the plural form Arquites because construction of this order name omitting Australes ('Order of the Bowmen') otherwise follows period construction examples. [Citadel of the Southern Pass, Barony of the, 01/2004, A-Outlands] |
François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Gwenlliana Iohannes, the submitter requested authenticity for Welsh and allowed any changes. Clarion provided commentary regarding an authentic form of this name:
We have changed this name to the Latinized form suggested by Clarion in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Gwentliana filia Iohannes is a Latinized form, which would have appeared in documents from Wales in the submitter's desired time period. This is close to, but clear of, Gwenllian ferch Owain (registered in January 1998). While both Owain and Iohannes are forms of John, they are being used in bynames and are in different languages (Welsh and Latin, respectively). As a result, the two bynames must only be significantly different in both sound and appearance, which they are. [Gwentliana filia Iohannes, 01/2004, A-Outlands] |
François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Hubert d'Aquae mortuae, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C France (southern) and allowed all changes. The LoI provided documentation for the byname d'Aquae mortuae:
Unfortunately, the submitted byname d'Aquae mortuae is violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Metron Ariston explains:
In order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have modified this byname based on the dated example provided in the LoI, changing only the cases of the words as recommended by Metron Ariston. [Hubert de Aquis mortuis, 12/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Regarding the submitter's request for authenticity: in our period, a man of mixed Italian and Spanish ancestory would have had his name recorded in different ways. In a document written in Italian, his name would have been written completely in an Italian form. In a document written completely in Spanish, his name would have been written completely in a Spanish form.
Maridonna Benvenuti, a regular attendee at the Pelican decision meetings, made time to specifically research this item as a courtesy to the submitter and we thank her for her effort. She found one example of Argento included as part of a byname in period:
Based on the form of the name found by Maridonna, the form de Argento appears to be a Latin form. Lacking evidence that Argento would have appeared as a stand-alone byname in period, we would have changed this byname to the documented form de Argento in order to register this name. However, as the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to make this change. [Miguel Argento, 12/2003, R-West] |
François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Gerardus Christopherus du Bourgogne, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for Norman French and allowed any changes. The locative element uses du 'of the' with a place name; it should be de 'of/from.' We have made this change. As the given name and patronymic are Latinized, we have also changed the locative element to the Latinized form in order to meet the request for authenticity. Latinized forms are typical documentary forms. A 14th century French form from Haute Picardie would be Gerard Christofle de Bourgoingne (all elements from Morlet �tude d'Anthroponymie Picarde); an early Anglo-Norman form would be Gerard Christofer Burgoin.
Questions were raised in commentary as to whether there was evidence of unmarked patronymics in Latinized forms. While patronymics are more frequently found in the genitive form, making Gerardus Christopheri, Reaney and Wilson give many examples of unmarked Latinized patronymics in Anglo-Norman names (for example: Alfredus Folkeredus dated to 1204 s.n. Alfred). [Gerardus Christopherus de Burgondia, 11/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Robert de Bury atte Okeforde, the submitter allowed any changes. As submitted, this name contained two locative bynames that both contained prepositions (de and atte). Lacking evidence that such constructions were used in period, they have previously been ruled to be reason for return:
Based on this construction pattern, we have changed this name to the form Robert Bury atte Okeforde in order to register this name. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found examples of two marked locative bynames used in Latin records:
The examples found by Aryanhwy are unusual and involve names that are recorded in completely Latin forms. Based on the Latin forms found in Reaney & Wilson (s.nn. Ashford, Oakley), Okeford is a plausible Latin form. Therefore, Robertus de Bury de Okeford would be a fully Latin form of this name that would follow the period construction pattern found by Aryanhwy and, so, would be registerable. [Robert Bury atte Okeforde, 10/2003, A-East] |
François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Catell filius Matuc, the submitter requested authenticity for 4th C Wales and allowed any changes. Harpy provided information about an appropriate form of this name for the submitter's desired time and culture:
We have changed this name to the form suggested by Harpy in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Catellus filius Mataci, 10/2003, A-Middle] |
François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Idonie Tait, the documentation for Idonie provided in the LoI was:
The photocopy of this page provided by the submitter shows that the text around the edge of the seal is: SIGILLVM IDONIE DE HURST. The caption for this illustration begins, "The seal of Idonia de Hurst, lady of Broomhil, Kent, late twelfth century." Idonia is the nominative form of this name. (A woman's given name uses the nominative case in her name.) Due to Latin grammar, this name takes the genitive form Idonie when it follows the word Sigullum in the text of this seal, which can be normalized as Sigullum Idonie de Hurst meaning 'The seal of Idonia de Hurst'. Lacking evidence that the form Idonie would have been used as a woman's name in the nominative case, we have changed this name to the nominative form Idonia in order to register this name. [Idonia Tait, 10/2003, A-Middle] |
François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Stella of Lundeia, the submitter requested authenticity for the 12th to 14th C and allowed minor changes. The byname of Lundeia combined the English of with the Latin Lundeia and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase.
Ekwall (p. 307 s.n. Lundy Island) dates the Latin form Lundeia to 1189 and the English form Lunday to 1281. Reaney & Wilson (p. 288 s.n. Lundy) dates Walter de Lundy to 1305 and John of Lundy to 1499. Based on this information, a fully Latin form of this byname would be de Lundeia. Fully English forms of this byname would be of Lunday, de Lunday, of Lundy, and de Lundy. Of these forms, the last two English forms, of Lundy and de Lundy, would best match the time period in which Stella was found. (The submitter's documentation shows Stella as dated to 1379.) As the submitter only allows minor changes, and changing the language of a name phrase is a major change, we were unable to change the Latin Lundeia to an English form in order to match the time period for Stella. Changing the language of a particle, such as of, is a minor change rather than a major since the particle is not the substantive part of the byname. Therefore, we have changed the byname to the completely Latin form de Lundeia in order to register this name. [Stella de Lundeia, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] [Stella de Lundeia, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Elena neyn Duhile, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Scots and allowed all changes.
Scots, a language closely related to English, was spoken in the lowlands and towns of Scotland by the end of our period. The earliest surviving records written in Scots date from c. 1375. Lacking any evidence that Scots was used in the 13th C, it is not possible to make this name authentic for "13th C Scots". The submitted byname neyn Duhile combined the Scots neyn with Duhile, found in Black (s.n. MacDoual), which states: "Fergus McDuhile in Wigton was juror on inquest at Berwick, 1296, and in the same year as Fergus MacDowilt rendered homage." Given the date, time, and location of the inquest cited by Black, this record was most likely written in Latin or Anglo-Norman French. The Scots form neyn would not be found in a Latin or Anglo-Norman French document, or in any 13th C document. Lacking evidence that any form McDuhile is a Scots form, the byname neyn Duhile combines Scots with either Anglo-Norman French or Latin, and so violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Without evidence of a Scots form of McDuhile, we are unable to hypothesize a feminine Scots form of this byname. However, the vast majority of Scottish records that survive from the period desired by the submitter are written in Latin. These records provide enough information to construct a fully Latin form of the submitted name that is appropriate for 13th C Scotland. Black (p. 6 s.n. Achmuty) dates Elena la Suchis to 1296. Typical Latin construction for a woman's name may be seen in the name Muriella filia Coneval, which Black (pp. 620-621 s.n. Muriel) dates to 1284. Black (s.n. MacDoual) shows that this name corresponds to the modern Scottish Gaelic MacDh�ghaill 'son of Dougal'. This origin can be seen in Dugalli, the Latin byname form corresponding to the submitted Duhile, which is found in the seal for a man who lived in 1296 which reads S' Will' f' Dugalli (Black, p. 217 s.n. Dougalson). Based on this information, a fully Latin form of the submitted name, appropriate for 13th C Scotland, would be Elena filia Dugalli and would most likely belong to a woman of Scoto-Norman descent. [Elena filia Dugalli, 09/2003 LoAR, A-Trimaris] |
François la Flamme | 2003.09 | There was some question regarding whether de Rath is a period byname in Ireland. Annales Hiberniae (Grace's Annals) (http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100001/index.html) lists Johannes White de Rath on p. 90. As this document is in Latin, it provides support for de Rath in Latin, though not in Gaelic or Anglicized Irish. [Quhinten de Rath, 09/2003, A-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2003.09 | The byname, originally submitted as de Nova Castria, was intended to be a Latin byname meaning 'of Newcastle'. The submitter may wish to know that Metron Ariston provided information regarding this Latin byname:
Based on this information, Griffin de Novo Castro and Griffin de Nov{o-} Castr{o-} would be gramatically correct forms of the submitted name. [Griffin de Novum Castrum, 09/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Maximus Furs, the submitter requested authenticity for "Early Roman (4th Century)" and allowed any changes. He indicated that the meaning of 'thief' (Furs) was most important.
During the commentary period, Hund contacted the submitter regarding the authenticity of his name for his desired time period. Here is the information relayed by Hund in his commentary:
The request to modify the submitted name to Decimus Furius Maximus came in late enough in the commentary period that not all members of the College had an opportunity to comment on this form before the end of the primary commentary period. As this new form is dramatically different from the submitted form, we are pending the modified submission in order to give the College an opportunity to comment on the new form of this name. [Decimus Furius Maximus, 07/2003 LoAR, P-Lochac] |
François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Elisabeth Vitrearius, Metron Ariston found period examples of this byname:
We have changed this byname to the feminine form provided by Metron Ariston in order to match the gender of the given name. [Elisabeth Vitrearia, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2003.06 | This submission is being returned for lack of documentation of the element Serpentius. The LoI documented Serpentius as, "A cognomen, intended to mean 'snakelike' ('Repertorium nominum gentilium et cognominum Latinorum', by Heokko Solin & Ollu Salomies)". However, no photocopies were provided from this source. The cited source is not included in Administrative Handbook Appendix H, "Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel". Lacking the required photocopies, this documentation is insufficient to support the element Serpentius. [Darius Serpentius, 06/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Curwinus Treverorensis, the submitter requested authenticity for 9th to 10th C Germanic. The only documentation provided on the LoI for the byname was the statement, "The surname is an adjectival form of the Roman name of the Gallo-Germanic city of Trier."
Metron Ariston provided information about Latin forms of Trier:
Lacking evidence that Treverorensis is a period form, we have changed this byname to Trevirensis in order to register this name. As we were unable to find forms of either of the elements in this name used in 9th to 10th C Germanic, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. [Curwinus Trevirensis, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The elements in this name have a temporal disparity of more than 1000 years. Una is a Gaelic name dated to 1310 and later. Orcadiana is a locative byname referring to the Orkneys. The root of this byname is Orcades, dated to the mid-2nd C in section II.A.1 of Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "A Consideration of Pictish Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/pictnames). As these two elements are dated to more than a millennium apart, this name must be returned. [Una Orcadiana, 04/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2003.04 | There was some question whether the byname filia Edwardis was grammatically correct. In modern usage, the Latin nominative form of the name Edward is Edwardus, with the genitive form Edwardi (thereby treating the name Edward as a second declension noun in Latin). In the medieval period, the name Edward was treated in the same way as it is today, with Edwardus as the nominative form and Edwardi as the genitive form. However, the name Edward also appeared with a nominative form of Edward and a genitive form Edwardis (treating this name as a third declension noun). Therefore, both filia Edwardi and filia Edwardis are grammatically correct forms of this byname in the medieval period. [Isolde filia Edwardis, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2003.04 | [Order name Ordo Arcus Magni] This order name was submitted with the intended meaning 'Order of the Great Bow'. Arcus means 'arch, bow, rainbow'. Therefore, the submitted name means 'Order of the Big/Great Arch/Bow/Rainbow'. Both a bow and a rainbow are heraldic charges and so are reasonable as a noun in an order name. However, no documentation was presented and none was found to support the construction Big/Great [heraldic charge] in an order name in period. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable. [Ansteorra, Kingdom of, 04/2003 LoAR, R-Ansteorra] |
François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Eadwine of Foxecote, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 12th C Anglo-Saxon. As submitted, this name combines the Old English Eadwine with the Middle English of Foxecote. An authentic period name combining these elements would have been recorded completely in Old English or completely in Middle English depending upon the language of the document in which this language was recorded. Ekwall (p. 186 s.n. Foxcote) dates the form Fuscote to the Domesday Book. G�sta Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 54-56, in the section entitled "Lat. de (in OE charters)" gives some examples of Old English given names with Latin locative bynames. Based on these examples, Eadwine de Fuscote would be an authentic form of this name for an Old English record. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Foxcot) date Edulf de Foxcote to 1189. Therefore, a fully Middle English form of this name appropriate for the 12th C would be Edwin de Foxcote.
We have changed the byname to a form documented to the submitter's desired time period in order to partially meet his request for authenticity. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to change this name to a form appropriate for Old English to fully meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Eadwine de Foxcote, 03/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
François la Flamme | 2003.02 | [Household name Academia Sancti Thomae Aquini] Listed on the LoI as Schuola di Saint Thomas d'Aquino, this name was submitted as Schola of Saint Thomas Aquinas and was converted to Italian at Kingdom to follow the submitter's request for authenticity for 15th C Italian since the submitter allowed any changes. Kraken provided information about the construction of this name:
D. S. Chambers, "Studium Urbis and Gabella Studii: The University of Rome in the Fifteenth Century", which appears in Cecil H. Clough, ed., Cultural Aspects of the Italian Renaissance; Essays in Honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller, mentions a reference to the Academia Bononiensis (the University of Bologna) in 1465. This Latin example supports Kraken's statement that a 15th C Italian school would have been referred to using a Latin name. There was some question whether an institution of learning would have used the term schuola in its formal name in the submitter's desired time and culture. Therefore, we have changed Schuola to Academia and registered this name in a fully Latin form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Jason of An Tir, 02/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Martinus Draco Byzantios, the submission form notes that his intended culture was 5th C Eastern Roman but that he did not request authenticity. Metron Ariston provided information regarding a form of this name appropriate for the submitter's desired time and culture:
Examining the photocopied page from Mango provided by the submitter, it is indeed likely that Byzantios is a typographical error for Byzantinos. As the submitter did not request authenticity, we have made the minimum changes necessary in order to register this name and simply corrected the spelling of Byzantinos. A fully Latin form of this name would be Martinus Draco Byzantinus. A fully Greek form of this name would be Martinos Drakon Byzantinos. [Martinus Draco Byzantinos, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
François la Flamme | 2003.02 | No documentation was presented and none was found to support Ulfgar as a plausible Norse given name in period. It is possible that Ulfgar may be a plausible variant of the Old English name Wulfg�r, but the plausibility of such a variation would need to be examined. Searle (p. 507) includes an entry that lists both the forms Wulfgar and Ulgar. Many of the second forms in Searle's headers are Latin forms of the names in question and the loss of the f may (or may not) be an aspect of the Latin form. [Ulfgar Thegnson, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Atenveldt] |
François la Flamme | 2003.02 | [Order name Ordre du Meritum Martialis] This name is being returned for violation of RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. In this case Ordre du is French and Meritum Martialis is Latin. As the submitters allow no changes, we were unable to change this name to a registerable form.
This name was intended to mean 'Order of Martial Merit'. Metron Ariston provided information regarding correctly constructed Latin and French forms of this order name: [Havre de Glace, Barony of, 02/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Celestria de Celtanhomme, the submitter requested authenticity for "English/Norman" and allowed minor changes. Celtenhomme is the dative case of the Old English name for Cheltenham. No documentation was presented and none was found that Celtanhomme is a plausible variant of the documented
Celtenhomme. Lacking evidence that the form Celtanhomme is plausible in period, it is not registerable.
As an Old English placename in the dative case, Celtenhomme is not grammatically compatible with de, which is Latin and which does not take a dative case. We have changed this byname to the fully Old English form of Celtenhomme in order to register this name. In Old English bynames, of is followed by the dative case of a placename, so of Celtenhomme is grammatically correct. The submitter requested authenticity for "English/Norman". Ekwall (p. 99 s.n. Cheltenham) dates Chilteham to 1156. Celestria de Chilteham would be an authentic form of this name for her desired time and culture. However, changing the language of the byname from Old English to Middle English is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Celestria of Celtenhomme, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Liuedai von Regensburg, this name combined Liuedai, which is a Latinized form of an Old English name, with the German byname von Regensburg. Lacking evidence that Anglo-Saxon England had significant contact with Germany, a name combining Old English and German is not registerable. We have changed the given name to the Middle English form Luveday (dated to 1205 in Reaney & Wilson, p. 285 s.n. Loveday), in order to register this name. [Luveday von Regensburg, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Lucius of Alexandria, the submitter requested authenticity for 600 A.D. and allowed any changes. We have changed the byname of Alexandria to the Latin form that would appear in a man's name in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Lucius Alexandrinus, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Valeria Tertia of Alexandria, the submitter requested authenticity for the 1st C A.D. and allowed any changes. We have changed the byname of Alexandria to the Latin form that would appear in a woman's name in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Valeria Tertia Alexandrina, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2002.12 | There was some question whether Clutorix was in the proper case in this name. Metron Ariston explains situations where Clutorix would remain in the nominative case rather than changing case:
Given this information, the submitted form of this name is registerable. [Cydrych Clutorix, 12/2002, A-Middle] |
François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Jovian Skleros, no documentation was presented for Jovian, only for Iovinus, which is listed as a masculine given name in Bardas Xiphias's article "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/early_byz_names.html). Metron Ariston found documentation for Jovianus:
As Jovianus is closer to the submitted Jovian than Iovinus, we have changed the given name to Jovianus in order to register this name. [Jovianus Skleros, 11/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Avin' de Saint-Vaast, Avin' is a scribal abbreviation, which we do not register. We have expanded the name to the full form Avina in order to register this name. [Avina de Saint-Vaast, 11/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Georgius of Canterbury, the submitter requested authenticity for English. Georgius is a Latinized form of the name George. In period records, a name that is culturally English would typically be recorded completely in Latin or completely in Middle English depending upon the language of the record in which the name is recorded. Mills s.n. Canterbury dates the form Canterburie to 1086. A fully Latinized form of this name would be Georgius de Canterburie. A fully Middle English form of this name would be George of Canterburie. As the Latinized form is the closer of these to the submitted form, we have changed this name to a fully Latinized form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Georgius de Canterburie, 11/2002, A-Outlands] |
François la Flamme | 2002.09 | [Household name Draco Mercatoria] No documentation was provided and none was found that Draco Mercatoria, meaning 'Merchant Dragon', meets the requirements set down in RfS III.2.b.iv, which states:
Were documentation found supporting this name as a household name, the structure of this name would need to be corrected. The genders of the two elements in Draco Mercatoria do not agree. The correct Latin form of this phrase is Draco Mercatorius. [Kirsten Dystel, 09/2002 LoAR, R-East] |
François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Ceara filia Drusti, the submitter requested the Latinized form of this name appropriate for 500-600 A.D. Ceara is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of a name which was Cera in Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900). Our best guess is that Cera would have retained that spelling in a Latin form. Therefore, we have changed the given name to this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Cera filia Drusti, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Elspeth le Fayre filia Dunecan, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Lowland Scot and allowed minor changes. Documented examples of Latin forms of the genitive of Duncan, including those in Bruce Webster, ed., Regesta Regum Scottorum VI: The Acts of David II (which covers the years 1329-1371), show the genitive form of Duncan appropriate for the submitter's desired time period to be Duncani. We have made this change to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity.
We were unable to find examples of a woman's name in Scotland containing a descriptive byname (regardless of whether or not it was followed by a patronymic byname). As the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to drop the descriptive byname in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture. [Elspeth le Fayre filia Duncani, 08/2002, A-East] |
François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Matatias de domo Leah le Blund, the submitter requested an authentic Jewish name for Angevin England. Julie Stampnitzky provided commentary regarding authentic forms of this name for the submitter's desired time and culture:
Lacking evidence that de domo would be used to refer to a feminine name, a byname constructed de domo [feminine name] is not registerable. We have changed de domo to filius, meaning 'son', as suggested by Julie. We have also put Leah into the genitive form Lie and modified le Blund to agree with the gender of the name it is describing (here Leah) as required by Latin grammar. [Matatias filius Lie Blunde, 08/2002, A-East] |
François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Delphina is a Latinized form of the French name Delphine, which was the name of a saint from Provence who lived in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. [Delphina the Mad, 07/2002, A-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Desiree of Colecestra, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C England in the region of Essex. As the form Colecestra is a Latin form, we have changed the byname to the completely Latin form de Colecestra to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to comply with RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a single name phrase. [Desiree de Colecestra, 07/2002, A-An Tir] |
François la Flamme | 2002.07 | The submitter requested authenticity for 6th to 7th C Central Europe. No evidence was presented and none was found that a byname meaning 'light seeker' would have been applied to a person in period.
Metron Ariston found evidence of a Latin word, lucipetus, with this meaning:
As we have no evidence that lucipetus, or a different phrase meaning 'light seeker', would have been used to describe a human in period, a byname with this meaning is not registerable. If evidence were found that a byname with this meaning would have been been used to describe a human in period, then Theodericus Lucipetus would be a registerable form of this name. [Theodericus Lucem Quaeror, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Justinos Tekton, the submitter requested authenticity for Byzantine. Iustinos is a Latin form and Justin is an English form of this given name. As Latin does not include a J, the submitted Justinos is not a valid variant of the documented Iustinos. We have changed the given name to this form in order to register this name. [Iustinos Tekton, 07/2002, A-Middle] |
François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Submitted as Edana inghean an Druaidh, this submission is an appeal of the registered form Edan inghean an Druiadh, which was registered in December 2000.
Edana was submitted as a hypothetical Latinized form of the feminine given name Edan, which is dated to 1379 in Withycombe (s.n. Edith). However, the form Edan appears in a Latin context as seen in Bardsley (p. 265 s.n. Eden), which dates the entries "Robertus Busby, et Eden uxor ejus, smyth" and "Johannes Slipar, et Edan uxor ejus" to 1379. In these cases, Eden and Edan are used as nominative case Latin forms. The form Edine cited in the LoI may be found in the same entry in Bardsley in the name Nel fil. Edine which is dated to 1273. In this case, Edine is a genitive form, which would not have been used in the given name position in a name. Since Edan and Eden are the documented Latinized forms of this name, and their forms contradict the hypothetical construction Edana, Edana is not a plausible variant of this name based on the submitted documentation. We have corrected the misspelling in the byname. [Edan inghean an Druaidh, 06/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
François la Flamme | 2002.05 | As originally documented, this name was not registerable due to excessive temporal disparity. Deodonatus was dated to 1205 in England (Withycombe, s.n. Deodatus). Cervarius was documented as the name of a Roman knight who conspired with Piso against Nero (Lemprire's Classical Dictionary, p. 156). Since the two elements had a temporal disparity of over a millennium, this name was not registerable with the submitted documentation. Metron Ariston found that "the byname is a relatively common Latin adjective meaning 'of or pertaining to deer'. One Fernandus Cervarius apparently signed a document relating to the monastery at Sarria in Spain in the year 1219 (www.sarriaweb.com/convento.htm)." This information eliminates the temporal disparity between the two elements in this name. [Deodonatus Cervarius, 05/2002, A-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2002.04 | This name includes a Latin form of a locative byname in an otherwise Welsh name. While not common, this practice did occur. Harpy found Jovan ap Ysaac de tribus castris in Abergavenny court records of 1256 (A. J. Roderick & William Rees, Ministers' Accounts for the Lordships of Abergavenny, Grosmont, Skenfrith and White Castle: Part I-The Lordship of Abergavenny). [Dafydd ap Iorwerth ap Rhodri de dena, 04/2002, A-Lochac] |
François la Flamme | 2002.04 | Idonea is a Latin form of a 12th to 14th C English given name derived from the Old Norse I�unn (listed in Geirr Bassi, p. 12). An authentic name for a time period appropriate for Old Norse would have been rendered all in Old Norse or all in a Latinized form depending upon the language of the document in which the name was recorded. G�sta Tengvik, Old English Bynames, dates Eduuardus filius Suani to 1066 on p. 198. I�unn Sveinsdóttir would be a completely Old Norse form of this name. Idonea filia Suani would be a completely Latinized form of this name. As the submitter requested authenticity for Old Norse, we have changed this name to the form I�unn Sveinsdóttir to comply with her request. [I�unn Sveinsdóttir, 04/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Lavinia is registerable under the guidelines regarding names from literary sources set down in the Cover Letter that accompanied the February 1999 LoAR. Lavinia is the daughter of Latinus and the second wife of Aeneas in the Aeneid. Metron Ariston stated that "As the Aeneid was a staple of medieval education, both in the original Latin and later in vernacular versions, the given name would certainly have been familiar." [Lavinia Betteresse, 03/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
François la Flamme | 2002.03 | This name is being returned for lack of documentation of the construction, since the submitted name does not fit classical Roman naming patterns. Metron Ariston summarizes the situation:
Given this information, Cornelia Fausta and Rutilia Fausta would be registerable forms of this name. However, as the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to change the name to one of these forms in order to register the name. Additionally, the LoI listed Roman women who had names that contained three elements. In both cases, the women were the wives of emperors, and names of members of the imperial family were often more elaborate than was typical for the time. At this time, the use of three element names for women, while largely limited to imperial women, does not seem to be exclusive enough that use of this construction, on its own, would be considered presumptuous. However, as with any name, three element names must follow a documented construction. The submitted Fausta Cornelia Rutilia has the construction cognomen + nomen + nomen, which is not a documented construction pattern. [Fausta Cornelia Rutilia, 03/2002, R-Caid] |
François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Callistus was the name of a patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1363), part of the name of Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos (a Byzantine historian, d. 1335), and the name of a pope in 1457. It is also a Latinized form of the French given name Calixte. Juliana de Luna's article "Portuguese Names 1350-1450" lists Gill as a patronymic byname. This name mixes Latinized French and Portuguese, which is a weirdness. [Callistus Gill, 12/01, A-Atlantia] |
François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Chrysanthia d'Argento, the given name was justified as a feminine form of Chrysanthos found in DeFelice's Dizionario dei Nomi Italiani (p. 116). This source (s.n. Crisante) notes that Chrysanthus is Latinized form of the Greek Chrysanthos. The feminine form of this name would be Chrysantha, not Chrysanthia. [Chrysantha d'Argento, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Submitted as Michelina Cenomani da Trento, Cenomani is documented as the name of a Roman-era Celtic tribe. No evidence was provided that the name of a Celtic tribe would have been used in a personal name. Even if such a construction is plausible, this name has two weirdnesses: one for lingual mix and one for temporal disparity.
The name of Le Mans in France is derived from the name of this tribe. Richard Le Mans (d. 1552/3 in Chartres) is found referred to in the Latinized form Richardus Cenomagus. It is plausible that a feminine form of Cenomagus could have existed. However, using a hypothetical feminine form of Cenomagus in this name would give this name two locative bynames, which is not documented. Therefore, we are dropping the problematic element in order to register the name. [Michelina da Trento, 09/01, A-Æthelmearc] |
François la Flamme | 2001.08 | Submitted as Sibri de Aldebourne, the given name Sibri is documented as a Latin genitive form of Seburga. In the given name position, the name must appear in the nominative case. [Seburga de Aldebourne, 08/01, A-Ansteorra] |
Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.07 | In Latin contexts Panthera would have been a cognomen, roughly equivalent to a byname. No evidence was provided that it was used as a given name; we therefore have to return this. [Panthera Kallista, 07/01, R-Calontir] |
Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.05 | Submitted on the LoI as Antonius Alvredi, the submitter originally submitted Antonius Alvredus. Since Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, lists Willilmus Hermannus as a variant of Willelmus filius Hermanni, we can register the originally submitted form. [Antonius Alvredus, 05/01, A-Atlantia] |
Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.10 | Submitted as Morgan Defecta, the byname had a slight problem. The combination of an English or Welsh given name and a Latin descriptive byname is common, and the name as submitted would be registerable. [Morgan Defector, 10/00, A-Caid] |
Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.12 | The name as supposed to mean True North Wind, however, this is not a reasonable placename in either English or Latin. [Veraquilon, Canton of, 12/99, R-An Tir] |
Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.07 | There was no documentation indicating that a byname which is possibly justifiable in Middle English could be used for a Latin byname. [Andronicus Ursacor, 07/99, R-Atenveldt] |
Jaelle of Armida | 1999.02 | [Scola Metallorum, College of] Submitted as Scola Metallorum, the group wanted to use Scola as an alternative for College. We are unwilling to declare Scola the equivalent of College and thereby reserve its use to official SCA groups, especially in light of the fact that there is already a Latin equivalent, Collegium. Please inform the group that the form Collegium Metallorum would also be acceptable. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1999, p. 8) |
Jaelle of Armida | 1998.09 | [Acrisius Sospes] This is being returned for several reasons. � Second, even if documentation had been provided, it is not clear that Acrisius is an acceptable name for use in the Society. While it is found in Greek and Roman mythology, it appears to be the name of a mythological king, and not a real person. Barring documentation that it was used by a real person, it must be returned. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1998) |
Jaelle of Armida | 1998.09 | [Acrisius Sospes] This is being returned for several reasons. � Finally, while the LoI glossed Sospes as meaning lucky, the primary use of the adjective, according to Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary, is savior, in the religious sense of the word, and therefore not appropriate for SCA usage. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1998) |
Jaelle of Armida | 1998.09 | [Stefan de Bâle] Found on the LoI as Stefan de Basle, it was originally submitted as Stefan de Bâle, and changed in kingdom because they did not think the use of a circumflex was period.
However, according to Metron Aristron: "The use of a line over a vowel to indicate the loss of a following consonant or consonants is fairly ancient, appearing regularly in period manuscripts in the vernacular as early as the eleventh century and much earlier in Latin sources. " Therefore, we have returned it to the originally submitted form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1998) |
Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Carina de Elephantide] Submitted as Karina de Elephantide, transliteration into Latin in classical and medieval times almost universally uses the initial "CÆ. Therefore we have changed the initial letter to "C" as the submitter allows. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
Jaelle of Armida | 1997.06 | [returning Equitatus Ansteorrae] [Ansteorra, Kingdom of] Unfortunately, in Latin, Equitatus is not merely an equestrian order, but the equestrian order. This is frequently translated into English simply as "the knights". Since this guild is not restricted to members of the chivalry only, it must be returned for presumption. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1997, p. 10) |
Jaelle of Armida | 1996.07 | [registering Madeleine Moinet dit Boismenu] While this name violates the long-standing prohibition against names of the form X called Y, in the early records it is quite common to find people recorded as X cognomento Y or, later, X dictus Y, X genannt Y, etc. These are official documentary forms no different in principle from X filius Y; like filius Y, dictus Y serves to specify which X is in question. In Latin, German, and French it is a legitimate documentary form. Therefore, since names of this sort are documented we are hereby overturning this ban for those languages. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1996, p. 7) |
Jaelle of Armida | 1996.07 | In the registration of Madeleine Moinet dit Boismenu, we have overturned the long standing prohibition of the form X called Y, for Latin, German and French, because it is a legitimate documentary form. (Jaelle of Armida, Cover Letter with the July 1996 LoAR, p. 2) |
Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.01 | [Returning Monsdraconis.] The grammar appears to be incorrect; normal Latin formation would keep the elements separate as either Mons Draco (dragon mountain) or as Mons Draconis (dragon's mountain). In addition, the locative would almost certainly use the preposition de, which takes the ablative case, as de Monte Dracone or de Monte Draconis. [1/94, p.13] |
Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.09 | [Uodalrica] There was some question in the commentary about the validity of the given name. The original root, Uodalric, is masculine by virtue of its masculine deuterotheme -ric. It's possible that the Latinized form Uodalricus is simply be the default spelling for that time and place --- and therefore, unlike classical Latin names such as Julius/Julia, incapable of being feminized by changing -us to -a. The question cannot be definitively answered, on the basis of the evidence presented for this submission. However, the Society has traditionally been tolerant of feminized forms of period masculine names, whether such feminized names were documented or not; in part, this is an acknowledgement that women's names simply weren't recorded as often as men's names. As a general rule, if the masculine form of a name is documented to period, we assume the feminized form is acceptable. In this particular case, barring any direct evidence to the contrary, we will give the submitter the benefit of the doubt. (Uodalrica MacDonnell, September, 1993, pp. 5-6) |
Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | [House Castor Bellator] The household name is Latin for "warrior beaver". This doesn't follow our current guidelines for household names: we wouldn't register John the Warrior Beaver, so we shouldn't register this. It is barely possible that House of the Warrior Beaver might be a late-period English inn name --- but such a name wouldn't be in Latin. (Eadwyn Inhold., September, 1992, pg. 48) |
Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | [Saltare] This was submitted as the name for the Kingdom dance guild. Unfortunately, the infinitive verb "to dance" (in English or in Latin) doesn't seem to be a valid group name. Similar guild names in period seem to have been straightforward descriptions of their craft: Company of Coopers, Baker's Guild, etc. We could see a bit more fanciful name, such as the Guild of St. Vitus or the Terpsichorean Guild. We could even see using the Latin saltare, properly conjugated, as part of a Latinized guild name. But the simple "to dance", with no noun or designator, cannot be accepted without more evidence than we've been given. (Kingdom of Meridies, September, 1992, pg. 49) |
Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1990.09 | "Enough evidence was presented of a pattern of t/c switch in Latin that Valencia appears to be a very reasonable form of Valentia (the latter being noted in Morlet (Vol. II, p.115)." (LoAR 9/90 p.4). |
Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1988.08 | As the suffix is documented as a Latin form (and not as a Germanic one), it must normally be combined with Latin elements and not Frankish or Gothic prothemes. (LoAR Aug 88, p. 20) |
Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.03.29 | The epithet "de Flora" is in fact precisely the sort of epithet that occurred in medieval Latin when it attempted to render vernacular place name or attribute epithets in official or literary documents (e.g., the twelfth-century theologian Joachim de Floris whose works were condemned by Thomas Aquinas). (LoAR 29 Mar 87, p. 6) |
Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.08 | Caesius, which is a cognomen or nickname, would have been preceded by a praenomen or given name and a gentile or clan name in the classical period. However, such two element names as this were relatively common in the late medieval and Renaissance period amongst those who would emulate the classical learning, whilst lacking it. Specifically, Caesius came to be regarded as equivalent to a given name (like Vergil and Ovid, etc.) due in part to the Caesius Bassus to whom Persius dedicated one of his works. (LoAR Aug 87, p. 16) |
Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.08 | While [it] is correct ... that period orthography is often variable, Latin is much less so.... [Name] is a regular third declension noun and tends to maintain the standard endings with a fair amount of rigidity, although the other portions of the name may vary quite a bit. (LoAR Aug 87, p. 13) |
Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1981.12.21 | Translating given names into Latin is acceptable. Her given name (N.) means [translation] in Hebrew. Translating [translation] into Latin and then putting it into a female name form produces M. WVS [59] [LoAR 21 Dec 81], p. 1 [Given names do not possess meaning in the conventional sense, and therefore cannot be translated in this manner. The above reasoning is specious.] |