| Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | There was some discussion among the commenters as to the correct form of the byname, noting that it fell somewhere between Senchaid, the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic form, and Seanchaidh, the Early Modern Irish Gaelic form. Since the submitter has documented the submitted spelling, Senchaidh, in the Annals of Ulster, the submitted form is fine. [Cúán Senchaidh Ua Suillebáin, 04/04, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Ophelia Le Lavendere, there was some question regarding which forms of this byname would have been used in a woman's name in period.
The form la Lavendere 'the Laundress' would be the typical spelling used in a woman's name in 13th C England. Both la and Lavendere are feminine forms. Reaney & Wilson (p. 273 s.n. Lavender) show an example of this byname in the name Ysabelle la Lauendere, which they date to 1253. The corresponding masculine byname was le Lavender. An example of this form may be found in Bardsley (p. 471 s.n. Launder) in the name Peter le Lavender, which he dates to 1273. As the English language evolved, and byname usage also evolved, some variations are found, mainly in the forms bynames took when used in a woman's name. Documented examples include Ralf la Lavendere dated to 1268 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Lavender). This name shows a masculine given name with the feminine byname form la Lavendere. Cecelia la Lavender is dated to 1273 in Bardsley (p. 471 s.n. Launder). This example shows the feminine particle la with the masculine form Lavender. Examples of a woman's given name combined with a masculine form of a byname were discussed in the December 2001 LoAR:
These examples support a feminine given name combined with a byname that has a fully masculine form. However, no support was found for combining the masculine article le in an otherwise feminine byname. Therefore, support was found for Ophelia la Lavendere (fully feminine byname form), Ophelia le Lavender (fully masculine byname form), and Ophelia la Lavender (feminine article la, masculine form Lavender), but no support was found for Ophelia le Lavendere (masculine article le, feminine form Lavendere). Of these options, Ophelia le Lavender best retains the pronunciation that most modern English speakers would expect when seeing the submitted Le Lavendere. (In Middle English, the final e in Lavendere was not silent. Instead, it was pronounced approximately as a soft "eh" or "uh" sound.) As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed this byname to the form le Lavender in order to register this name. [Ophelia le Lavender, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Myfanwy Methig, the LoI provided a very useful summary of information and we thank them for it:
The question was raised regarding whether the byname Methig needed to be lenited since it was being used in a woman's byname. Harpy provided information regarding an authentic form of this name:
Based on this information, we have registered this name in the 16th C form Mevanwy Methig in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Mevanwy Methig, 03/2004, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Þúsunðjalasmiðer was submitted as a byname meaning 'thousand kind craftsman'. However, no evidence was provided and none was found to support a byname with this meaning as a plausible Old Norse byname. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable.
Additionally, there was significant discussion whether the construction of Þúsunðjalasmiðer is even valid as a word in Old Norse. The College found support for Þúsund as a word in Old Icelandic meaning 'thousand' or, literally, 'a swarm of hundreds', and for smiðr 'smith' (not 'craftsman') as an Old Norse byname. However, no support was found for the element jala. The byname would be registerable as smiðr. However, such a significant change to the byname is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [DanR Þúsunðjalasmiðer, 01/2004, R-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Estrilda Le Siffleur, no documentation was presented and none was found supporting the byname as two separate words, both of which are capitalized. Therefore, we have lowercased le in order to follow documented forms of this type of byname and register this name. [Estrilda le Siffleur, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Grimmbrand the Hound Keeper, the spelling of the given name was justified based on words found in a dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. While the words grimm and brand are related to the name elements, the spelling grimm is not found in names. Instead, all the Anglo-Saxon names that the College found use Grim-. We have made that change to register the name.
Boar documented a byname meaning "one who takes care of hounds":
As no evidence was presented nor could any be found that the word keeper was used in period bynames to describe people who cared for animals, the Hound Keeper cannot be registered. We have therefore changed this name to the documentary form found by Boar. [Grimbrand Hundeman, 12/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | The submitter hypothesized an occupational byname Hauberker, for a person who makes hauberks. However, there is an occupational byname for someone who makes hauberks, Hauberger or Haubergier, derived from the French term. We have changed the byname to a documented period form in order to register this name. [Norman Hauberger, 11/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Emelyn le Settere, this name was submitted as Emelyn la Settere. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English, and the byname was changed at Kingdom to match documented forms for that time. However, the College was able to find 14th C examples of women's occupational bynames using the article la, including Alice la Sopere and Alice la Goldar, from The Taxpayers of Medieval Gloucestershire: An Analysis of the 1327 Lay Subsidy Roll with a New Edition of its Text, and Emma la Sapere in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Soper). Given these examples, Emelyn la Settere is an authentic name for 14th C England. Therefore, we have changed this name back to the originally submitted form. [Emelyn la Settere, 11/2003, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Georg Koopmann, no evidence could be found that the submitted spelling of the byname was used in period. Dated forms from Brechenmacher's Etymologisches Woerterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen (s.n. Kopmann) include Copman 1227 and Kopmans 1485. Based on these examples, Kopman is a reasonable interpolation that is close to the submitted form. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register it. [Georg Kopman, 11/2003, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Gertrude der Afteiker, no evidence was found that the form Afteiker was used in period. We have changed this name to the documented form Apteker in order to register this name.
There was considerable discussion regarding whether the byname der Afteiker was grammatically correct. Bahlow (Gentry trans, p. 18, s.n. Apteker, Afteiker) dates Peter Apteker to 1375, der apteker to 1349, and Franzke der apteker to 1549. In German, an article (such as der 'the') must match the gender of the word it is referring to. For example, the word apteker is masculine. Therefore, in the byname der apteker found in the name Franzke der apteker, apteker takes the article der 'the'. If apteker is used in a woman's byname, the article used is the masculine der 'the' rather than the feminine die 'the', because this article refers to apteker, which is masculine. As a result, the byname der Apteker is grammatically correct for use with a feminine given name. [Gertrude der Apteker, 10/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Matheus Hunda-maðr, the submitter requested a name meaning 'keeper of the hounds' authentic for 9th to 11th C Norse.
The element Hunda-maðr was documented from Bertil Thuresson's Middle English Occupational Terms, s.n. Hundeman, which states: "An ON *hunda-maðr 'houndsman' (perhaps used as a pers[onal] n[ame]) is the first el[ement] of the pl[acename] Hunmanby." This entry shows the standard practice of many dictionary-type works of inserting hyphens between etymological roots in words in order to emphasize the construction of the word being discussed. Lacking evidence that the hyphen would appear within this byname in transliterations of Old Norse, we have removed it from this byname. Additionally, we have lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions (see the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information). [Matheus hundamaðr, 10/2003, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Alexandria LeFevre, no documentation was presented and none was found that LeFevre is a plausible period form.
Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "French Surnames from Paris, 1421, 1423 & 1438" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/paris1423surnames.html) dates the form Le Fevre to 1421, 1423, and 1438. This article also dates the form Lefevre to 1421. As the first of these forms preserves the capitalization shown in the submitted form of this name, we have registered this name using that form. [Alexandria Le Fevre, 10/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | The question was raised as to whether Harofeh is a reasonable transliteration of the period Hebrew byname meaning 'the physician'. A more typical period transliteration would be ha-Rofe. In the cases of languages that do not use Roman alphabets (such as Chinese, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, etc.) we register transliterations using period transliteration systems and modern standard transliterations systems. The form Harofeh is a modern transliteration of this period name element, as for example in the names of the Assaf Harofeh Hospital (http://www.assafh.org/) and the Shmuel Harofeh Hospital (http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Politics/healthmin.html), both hospitals located in Israel. As it is a modern standard transliteration of a period name, it is registerable. [Avraham Harofeh, 10/2003, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Dirk Tréfeller, this name was submitted as Dirk Treefeller. The byname was changed to a constructed French byname at Kingdom because no documentation was found for the submitted Treefeller. The submitter is most interested in having it sound like "Dirk Tree-feller" and allows all changes.
The constructed Tréfeller was submitted with the meaning 'feller of a subdivision of a parish' or 'three cracks/splits'. Insufficient documentation was found to support this constructed name as following period patterns of French bynames in period. Further, Tréfeller would not be pronounced as "Tree-feller". Bardsley (s.n. Tree) dates Eliz. Tree to 1583. Reaney & Wilson (p. 166 s.n. Feller) dates Robert le Felur to 1275. There is evidence of occupational bynames used without articles, such as le 'the'. Therefore, this name is registerable as Dirk Tree Felur, which is nearly identical to the submitter's desired pronunciation of "Dirk Tree-feller". [Dirk Tree Felur, 09/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Céline di Moneta Angeli, this name was submitted as Céline de Moneta Angeli and changed at Kingdom to use the standard patronymic marker di rather than the Latin de.
Moneta is listed under Giacomoni, which is given as a diminutive of Giacomo in Fucilla (p. 42). However, the College was unable to find evidence that Moneta was used in period as a diminutive of a masculine given name. Instead, evidence was found of Moneta as a surname referring to a coin or money, which likely originated as an occupational byname. Juliana de Luna's article "Masculine Names from Thirteenth Century Pisa" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/pisa/pisa-bynames-alpha.html) lists the surname de Moneta. (The original source is in Latin.) Lacking evidence that Moneta is a period diminutive of a masculine given name, it is not registerable in a patronymic byname such as di Moneta. In order to register this name, we have changed the byname to the documented occupational byname de Moneta and placed the family name before the occupational byname to follow period patterns. [Céline Angeli de Moneta, 08/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Jürgen Weiterschein von Landstuhl, the byname Weiterschein was submitted as a constructed byname using elements from Bahlow, specifically Weiter (p. 602) meaning 'dyer' and schein (p. 485) meaning 'gleaming, bright, shining'. No evidence was provided to demonstrate that these elements would be combined in a byname in period. Lacking such evidence, we have dropped the element -schein from this byname in order to register this name. [Jürgen Weiter von Landstuhl, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Elisabeth Vitrearius, Metron Ariston found period examples of this byname:
We have changed this byname to the feminine form provided by Metron Ariston in order to match the gender of the given name. [Elisabeth Vitrearia, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Dmitri Ivanovich Vladimirov Skomovochov, the element Skomovochov was documented as a Russian occupational byname found in B. O. Unbegaun, "Russian Surnames" (p. 121). However Nebuly found that an error occurred when this name was taken from Unbegaun:
We have changed the spelling of this byname to the documented form in order to register this name. [Dmitri Ivanovich Vladimirov Skomorochov, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | The documentation provided for the byname the Healer on the LoI was: "The [Oxford English Dictionary], p. 1273, dates this spelling of the word with the intended meaning to 1611." The OED (s.n. Healer) dates several uses of the word healer to period. However, this entry specifically states that the early use for this term was as a word meaning 'Saviour'. Of the period examples of healer given in this entry in the OED, only one seems to use healer in a context other than 'Saviour': "c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 {gh}ef he hefde on his moder ibroken hire meidenhad, ne mihte nawiht brekere bon icloped helere." Talan Gwynek provided a translation for this entry: "If he has broken his mother's maidenhead, the breaker may in no way be called a healer."
Therefore, the main use of the word healer in period is as a synonym for Saviour and calling a person the Healer in period would typically have been interpreted as calling them the Saviour, a claim which violates RfS VI.2 "Names Claiming Powers", which states that "Names containing elements that allude to powers that the submitter does not possess are considered presumptuous." Regarding the modern meaning "One who heals (wounds, diseases, the sick, etc.); a leach, doctor; also, one who heals spiritual infirmities" (OED, s.n. Healer), this is, at best, a rare meaning for healer in period and no evidence has been found that healer was used as an occupational byname in period. As such, the submitted byname the Healer falls into the same category as Oakencask, which appears in the precedent:
As there are documented period descriptive bynames for people who practiced medicine (see Reaney & Wilson s.nn. Barber, Blood, Dubbedent, Farmery, Leach, Leachman, Letcher, Myer, Nurse, Pestel, Physick, Sucker, Surgenor, Surgeon), and the primary meaning of healer in period was as a synonym for Saviour, this byname is highly unlikely to have been used in period. Therefore, as with the example of Oakencask cited above, this byname is not registerable. As there have only been 5 registrations of the byname the Healer (with the last being in 1988), this byname does not have the same level of popularity as other bynames such as the Wanderer necessary for an element to be SCA compatible. [Kaires the Healer, 06/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | The submitter allowed no changes. Therefore, we were unable to put the byname Gyðja into lowercase to match the submitted documentation and to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.)
Further, there was some question whether the byname gyðja was presumptuous. Geirr Bassi gives the meaning of this byname as 'priestess'. However, Metron Ariston noted that:
At this time, we are declining to rule whether use of gyðja is presumptuous. Any resubmission of this name that includes the element gyðja should address this issue. [Solveig Gyðja Christiansdottir, 05/2003 LoAR, R-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The element Castleguard was documented from the OED in 1576 as an occupational term. However, the byname of Castleguard would indicate that Castleguard were a placename, like London or York. As no evidence was presented nor could any be found that Castleguard is a reasonable placename, the byname of Castleguard is not registerable. An occupational byname using this term would be simply Castleguard.
As the submitter does not allow any changes, we cannot drop the problematic element of in order to register this name. [Edward of Castleguard, 04/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Bran Hammer MacNaughton, the construction in this name seemed particularly implausible. Pennon summarized these bynames:
No evidence was found that an occupational or locative byname would appear before a Mac- byname in Scots. We have reversed the order of the bynames in order to register this name. Additionally, all examples found of bynames following a Mac- byname in Scots included a marker in the second byname. Therefore, we have added le to follow these patterns. [Bran MacNaughton le Hammer, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | The LoI stated that Hunda-Ma�r "is found in Bertil Thuresson's Middle English Occupational Terms s.n. Hundeman. Thuresson says the name is Old Norse." This source is not included in the Administrative Handbook under "Appendix H - Name Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel". As photocopies from this source were not included with this submission, the required standard of documentation was not met and this name must be returned.
Additionally, there was some question regarding whether Hunda-Ma�r is an appropriate form for Old Norse. Hund notes: [Matheus Hunda-Ma�r, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | The submitter requested authenticity for 1500s Alsatia, Germany, and allowed minor changes. The LoI stated that Drucker "is intended to be an occupational byname meaning 'printer.' Drucker is the modern German word for printer, but we were unable to find a period form of this word."
The College found evidence of Dr�ck- / Dr�cke-, meaning 'press', used as a protheme in period German occupational bynames. Sommelier found some examples of these types of names: "Bahlow Gentry 2nd on p. 87 under Dr�ckhammer (press hammer) dates Dr�cketunne (press the barrel/ = cooper) 1377 and Dr�ckebeker (press the beaker) 1379." However, no evidence was found that Drucker was used as a byname in period. Lacking evidence that Drucker is a plausible byname in period, it is not registerable. [Magdelena Drucker, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Listed on the LoI as Nicholas of Waverly Abbey, this name was originally submitted as Brother Nicholas of Waverly Abbey. The element Brother was dropped at Kingdom. The submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C and allowed any changes. Registerability of Brother as a form of address was addressed recently:
Similarly, this submitter is welcome to use Brother as his preferred form of address. [Nicholas de Wauerley, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Kataryna Tkachecha, Tkachecha was documented as the feminine form of a word meaning 'weaver' from a section of Ukrainian-English and English-Ukrainian Dictionary compiled by W. Niniows'kyi. This supports tkachecha as a modern Ukrainian word. It does not support tkachecha as a period Ukrainian byname. Rouge Scarpe found evidence for a modern Ukrainian surname that originally meant 'weaver':
Given that the modern Ukrainian surname Tkach originally meant 'weaver', that name is much more likely to have been used as a period byname than Tkachecha, which has not even been shown to be a modern surname. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the byname to Tkach in order to register this name. [Kataryna Tkach, 11/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Christina Elisabeth Spicewell, the LoI documented Spicewell as an occupational byname:
Several epithets of the form {verb}-wel, including "Waitwel" (probably a servant), are listed in J{o'}ns{o'}. And 'spice' was used as a verb in 1377 (OED). Presumably the author that the LoI is referring to is Jönsö, who is the author of Middle English Nicknames. However, Jönsö is not included in the list of works in the Administrative Handbook under "Appendix H - Name Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel", and no photocopies were included with the submission. As the provided documentation was insufficient, and the College was not able to find support for Spicewell, it is not registerable. As the submitter allows any changes, we have dropped the problematic element. Since matronymic bynames (bynames derived from a mother's name) were used in English, Christina Elisabeth is registerable a feminine given name (Christina) with an unmarked matronymic byname (Elisabeth). If the submitter is interested in a byname referring to spices, she may wish to know that the College found forms of Spicer used to refer to "a dealer in spices; an apothecary or druggist". Reaney & Wilson (p. 420 s.n. Spicer), which dates William le Espicier to 1184, Bertram le Specier to 1200, Robert le Spicer to 1201, and Hugo le Especer to 1214. Bardsley (p. 707 s.n. Spicer) dates Simon le Spicere and William Speciar to 1273, and Adam Spisar and Giliaum Spyser to 1379. [Christina Elisabeth, 10/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Alisaundre la Couturière, the submitter requested authenticity for French. We have lowercased the byname to follow the examples Kateline [une] couturière and Aalot le couturier (a masculine name) found in Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/paris.html). [Alisaundre la couturière, 08/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Finnr bogsveiger Ùlfsson, the form listed in Geirr Bassi (p. 20) is bogsveigir rather than bogsveiger. We have made this corrrection. [Finnr bogsveigir Ùlfsson, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Thorstein Gullsmithr Ragnarsson, the submitter requested an authentic Scandinavian name for 700-1000 and allowed minor changes. This name was submitted as Thorstein Ragnarsson Gullsmithr. The byname order was reversed at Kingdom to follow the standard practice of placing the descriptive byname before the patronymic byname. However, switching the order of the bynames changes the meaning of the name significantly enough that it is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Thorstein Ragnarsson Gullsmithr means 'Thorstein, Ragnarr goldsmith's son'. Thorstein Gullsmithr Ragnarsson means 'Thorstein goldsmith, Ragnarr's son'. In the first order, Ragnarr is the goldsmith. In the second order, Thorstein is the goldsmith. We have returned the bynames to the originally submitted order.
We have changed the name to use '�' and '�' characters rather than the Anglicized 'Th' and 'dh', and have lowercased the descriptive byname gullsmi�r, to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [�orsteinn Ragnarsson gullsmi�r, 08/2002, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Constance Warwick of Wyndermere, the submitter requested authenticity for Britain during 1200-1300 and allowed minor changes. The LoI stated that:
In the submitter's desired time period, bynames were used literally. As both Warwick and Wyndermere refer to locations, these two bynames would not have been used in the same name during the submitter's desired time period. Bardley (p. 795 s.n. Warwick) dates John de Warrewyc, Matilda de Warewyck, and John de Warewyk to 1273. So authentic forms indicating a woman from Warwick in the submitter's desired time period would be Constance de Warrewyc, Constance de Warewyck, and Constance de Warewyk. Ekwall (p. 524 s.n. Windermere) dates the forms Winandemere to 1203 and Wynandermer to 1282. So authentic forms indicating a woman from Windermere in the submitter's desired time period would be Constance de Winandemere and Constance de Wynandermer. The submitter indicated that she was willing to change Warwick to Warrick. Reaney & Wilson (p. 477 s.n. Warrick) date Roger Warrock to 1271 and give this as an occupational byname indicating a maker of warrocks, which were wedges used to tighten scaffolding, or a builder of scaffolds. Authentic forms of a name for 1200-1300 that indicated that a woman named Constance was involved in making warrocks or scaffolds and was from Windermere, would be Constance Warrock de Winandemere and Constance Warrock de Wynandermer. As the first of these is the name closest to the submitted form that is authentic for the submitter's requested time period, we have changed the name to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. It is worth noting that the submitted name, with a minor spelling change to the final element, would be authentic for the late 16th to the early 17th C. By the 16th C, inherited surnames had come into use. Julian Goodwyn's article "Brass Enscription Index" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/brasses/) dates Constance to 1581. Bardsley (p. 795 s.n. Warwick) dates Richard Warwick to 1601. Speed, The Counties of Britain (p. 182, map of Westmorland, most maps dated 1610), lists a town or village named Wynandermere. So, Constance Warwick of Wynandermere (which adds only two characters to the submitted Wyndermere) would be an authentic form of this name for the late 16th - early 17th C. [Constance Warrock de Winandemere, 08/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | The submitted byname de Castelyn combines the locative particle de 'of' with the occupational byname Castelyn, which is not a plausible combination. Metron Ariston explains:
As the submitter allowed no changes, we were unable to either drop de and register the byname simply as Castelyn or change the spelling of Castelyn to a documented locative form. [Romanus de Castelyn, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Mu'alim, which the submitter intended to mean 'teacher', is listed as an Arabic form of Master, in the form Mu'allim, in "The List of Alternate Titles as approved by the College of Arms" (http://heraldry.sca.org/titles.html). al-Jamal explains:
Therefore, Mu'Alim (like Master) is a restricted title and may not be registered as part of an SCA name. [Mu'Alim Rami Kathoum ibn Abdul Majeed, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Mu'allimah, which the submitter intended to mean 'teacher', is listed in the form Mu'allima (an alternate transliteration) as an Arabic form of Mistress in "The List of Alternate Titles as approved by the College of Arms" (http://heraldry.sca.org/titles.html). al-Jamal explains:
Therefore, Mu'allimah (like Mistress) is a restricted title and may not be registered as part of an SCA name. [Mu'Alimah Ramia Jameela Ghafoor, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Farisa, which the submitter intended to mean 'horsewoman', is the feminine form of Faris, which is listed as an Arabic form of Knight in "The List of Alternate Titles as approved by the College of Arms" (http://heraldry.sca.org/titles.html). Therefore, Farisa (like Knight) is a restricted title and may not be registered as part of an SCA name. [Farisa Ramia Hameedah bint Kathoum, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Submitted as William bogsveigir, the submitter requested an authentic "masculine 11th Century Danelaw" name and allowed any changes. His desired meaning was 'William the archer'. William was documented from Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Williams) which date Henry Fitz William to 1300. bogsveigir was documented from Geirr Bassi (p. 20) as an Old Norse byname meaning 'bow-swayer, archer'. Metron Ariston provided commentary on the forms of this name:
We have changed this name to the form recommended by Metron Ariston to meet the submitter's requested time and culture. [Willelm Bogamann, 05/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Rannach was documented as "a word meaning 'songster, bard, rhymer, story-teller'" from a modern Gaelic/English dictionary. No documentation was provided and none was found that Rannach is a period word. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable. [Eithne Rannach na an tEilan Dubh, 03/2002, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | This name was originally submitted as Aminah bint Mujelid Kitab. The byname, intended to mean 'the book-binder's daughter', was changed at kingdom on the advice of Sion Andreas to correct the grammar:
Therefore, Mujallid al-Kutub is a phrase constructed to have the meaning 'bookbinder'. Al Jamal found that a word meaning 'bookbinder' already exists:
Occupational bynames used in patronymic constructions are well documented. A byname with this meaning is registerable since bookbinding is a period occupation. As an Arabic word meaning 'bookbinder' has been found and it does not match the constructed phrase, this name is registerable as Aminah bint al-Megal'lid. We would have made this change. However, the submitter did not allow major changes, and changing the byname from Mujallid al-Kutub to al-Megal'lid is dramatic enough that it is a major change. Therefore, we must return this name. The submitter also requested authenticity for "1100 Middle East". Since no documentation was found dating megal'lid, we do not know if it is authentic for her desired time period. [Aminah bint Mujallid al-Kutub, 03/2002, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | In the 5th to 7th centuries, the language used in Ireland was Oghamic Irish. Very few examples of Oghamic Irish inscriptions remain and it is not possible, with the information provided in the LoI and that found by the College, to postulate a name with the submitter's desired meaning in Oghamic Irish.
Old Irish would be the language appropriate for the 8th century. At this time, no descriptive byname has been found in Gaelic in period meaning 'the singer'. However, there are examples of several different words meaning 'singer' used in period documents, though none of them have yet been found as a formal part of a person's name. The word amrán (also ambrán) is listed in Royal Irish Academy, Dictionary of the Irish Language: based mainly on Old and Middle Irish materials ["DIL"], with the meaning 'song'. The LoI documented amhránaí as a word meaning 'singer' from a modern Irish-English dictionary. This word has as its root amrán 'song', found in the DIL. The word amhránaí is Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present). The Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form is amhránaidhe, and the Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) form would be ambránid. We have changed the byname to used this spelling to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. We have removed an since occupational bynames in Gaelic rarely, if ever, take the definite article. [Leith Ambránid, 03/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Submitted as Dionello Cristoforo de' Medici, de' is an abbreviation for dei. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have spelled it out. [Dionello Cristoforo dei Medici, 12/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Brother Timothy, this name was changed at Kingdom to Timothy Brother with the submitter's permission because it was believed that:
The problem with this name is not a presumption issue since Brother Thomas is no more presumptuous than a name such as Thomas the Monk would be. In the case of this name, the element Brother in Brother Timothy is a form of address, not a name element. We do not register forms of address regardless of whether they would be presumptuous, such as Lord or Mistress, or whether they would not be presumptuous, such as Brother or Goodwife. The submitter is welcome to use Brother, as in Brother Timothy, as his preferred form of address, but this use of Brother is not registerable. Therefore, we have registered this name in the altered form forwarded by Kingdom. [Timothy Brother, 11/2002, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The surname Redsmythe was documented as an occupational byname (referring to someone who works in brass) from the Book of Trades at http://www.renfaire.com/Acting/professions.html. This text at this website is a modern translation of Eygentliche Beshreibung Aller Staende auff Erden, a work of German verse from 1568. Bardsley (p. 641 s.n. Redsmith) hypothesizes the meaning of this byname as 'goldsmith' and lists John Rodesmithe (?). The source for this citation does not readily indicate a date for this name. However, Bardsley crossreferences to other headers and gives the medium worked in: Whitesmith (tin), Blacksmith (iron), Greensmith (lead or laten), and Brownsmith (copper or brass). As all of these other headers included forms dated to period, it is reasonable to assume that Redsmith is also period. The spelling Redsmythe falls within documented variants for -smith names. [Pearce Redsmythe, 11/01, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | No documentation was provided and none could be found that Totengräber is a period German byname. While the occupation of 'gravedigger' is certainly period, the forms of this byname found in Bahlow (p. 184 s.n. Graber) are Gräber (1417) and Greber (1385). Brechenmacher (s.n. Graber) lists Graber (1365). None of these forms include Toten- as a protheme. The change from Totengräber to a form of Gräber would be a major change. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we must return this name. [Erasmus Totengräber, 10/01, R-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | There was some question about whether the form Bakhar was a gramatically correct byname. Wickenden's 3rd edition (p. 16 s.n. Bakhar) gives the meaning of this byname as 'Storyteller', indicating that it is a descriptive byname, not a patronymic. As such, this construction is correct. [Gregor Bakhar, 10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | The byname the Butcher is registerable in this instance via the lingua Anglica allowance. The Greek form of this name (transliterated) would be Xenos Mageiros. [Xenos the Butcher, 08/01, A-Ansteorra] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.11 | Submitted as Robert of the Quill, no documentation was provided for the byname. However, as Argent Snail notes, the OED dates the word quill to 1412, although as a part of a reed instead of the meaning we are now used to. As a feather, the OED dates it to 1552. They also date the word to 1610 as a heraldic charge from Guilliam (a quill of yarn). Inn signs were frequently based on heraldic charges, and we have changed the byname accordingly. [Robert atte Quill, 11/00, A-East] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.12 | [Hans Holzarbeiter] No one was able to find any actual examples of Holzarbeiter as an occupational surname, but as it follows a standard pattern of occupational names we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt. [Hans Holzarbeiter, 12/99, A-Atlantia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.11 | The letter of intent justified gamesmen as a "modernized singular form" of gememen. While we do accept modern English forms of bynames through the lingua anglica rule, the documentation given lists the modern form as game-man. [Wolfgang the Gamesman, 11/99, R-Atlantia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.10 | No documentation was given for Songmaker, and the name does not follow any known pattern of occupational surnames. [Kyrstyan the Songmaker, 10/99, R-West] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.10 | Submitted as Juliana de Florey, called The Imaginour, no evidence was presented or has been found that the use of called is a valid documentary form for English. [Juliana de Florey le Ymagour, 10/99, A-Meridies] |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.06 | [James Oakencask the Just] No documentation was presented for Oakencask. Since the Oxford English Dictionary first dates the term cask to the middle of the 16th century, and there are period descriptive names for barrelmakers, such as Tunn/Tunnewrytte, we find Oakencask highly unlikely. [The name was returned.] (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1999, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Claire le Potter] Submitted as Claire Le Potter, the l in le needs to be in lower case. We have made the correction. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Jozef der Gelehrter] Based on Morlet's Noms des personnes, II, p. 66, the more likely period form for the given name would be Josep. The modern German term for a learned man or scholar is Gelehrte as well as Schüler. However, based on the evidence of Socin's (Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch, p. 492, the occupational surname for a scholar would be Schüler. Therefore Josep Schüler is the period form of the name. However, we feel that that is more than a "minor change" so we are returning it to the submitter. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Michael Alewright] According to the LoI Alewright was intended to be a constructed occupational surname, intended to denote a brewer. However, no acceptable documentation was provided to show that this was a reasonable form. Period bynames for brewers include Brewere, Brewstere, Brasur, Braceresse, Malter, Maltester, Medemaker, Vineter, Vyntener, Taverner, Tipelere, Gannoker (#s 2, 4, 6 fem. forms; the last 3 are inn-keepers/ale-sellers), Berebrewer, Braciatur, Caumbier, Alemonger, Aleberer, Aleberster (latter two masculine and feminine ale-carriers), Meder, Malteman and Maltgrynder. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Cain Saethydd] Submitted as Cain y Saethydd, however when used as a byname, an occupation usually will not be preceded by the definite article. Therefore, we have eliminated the inappropriate "y". (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 1) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.06 | [registering Tymm Colbert le Gard] Submitted as Tymm Gard Colbert, this name had a severe problem. When in a medieval English name a patronymic and an occupational byname are found together, the patronymic invariably comes first. It's actually questionable whether the occupational byname is really part of the name or merely an indication of the bureaucracy's need to identify individuals unambiguously, since it is generally set off either by a comma or by the definite article. We have correct the name to the period form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1997, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.06 | No-one could document the term beekeeper as being a period term. We have substituted a period term [beehyrd] that the submitter agreed to accept. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1997, p. 5) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.02 | [Ilse Brenner] Submitted as Ilse von Brenner, Brenner is an occupational surname, literally `burner'; according to Brechenmacher it usually signified one who cleared land by burning it off, though it may at times be for a charcoal-burner. The name is analogous to Ibbot of Brewer and would make sense only if Brenner were a place-name. We have dropped the von in order to register the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1997, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.12 | Submitted as Thomas Towlewardie the Woodsman, the OED dates woodsman from 1688. Therefore, we have dropped the post-period element. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1996, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.11 | Please instruct the submitter that while we have no documentation for Lavender as a given name, the form [N] the Lavendere, should be registerable since Reaney & Wilson, under the heading. Lavender, have la Lavendere 1268. The byname is from Old French lavandiere 'one who washes, washerwoman, laundress'. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1996, p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.04 | Though period, the term herbalist seems to have come into use long after names of this construction had ceased to be at all common. Both erbewyf 'herbwife' and erbewimman 'herb-woman' would be more in keeping with attested mediæval bynames. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR April 1996, p. 13) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.11 | [returning the occupational byname the Lamp Lighter] [Natalie the Lamp Lighter] No evidence was presented that lamp-lighting was a period occupation. We shouldn't be surprised to find that it was, but given the doubts expressed by several commenters, we need some actual evidence that the byname is reasonable. The closest that we can come are some period occupational terms for lantern-bearers or candle-bearers, e.g., Latin lanternarius and the derived French surname Lanternier. (The situation is analogous to the first registration of a previously-unused charge.) (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 11) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.04 | [Returning Elspeth nic Léighinn.] The byname does not appear to be properly constructed. Léighinn is the genitive singular of léigheann, and is defined as 'reading, learning; a lesson, a branch of studies'. While mac léighinn is defined as 'a scholar, a student', it isn't a patronymic name and one may not then simply substitute the feminine nic for mac. [4/94, p.17] |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.10 | The OED cites instances of horsekeeper and swinekeeper in period; wolfkeeper looks equally acceptable. (Hertha Wolfkeeper, October, 1992, pg. 18) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | [Bee-Taymer] The OED cites tamer as "one who domesticates [animals]", so it could conceivably apply to bees. Still, Beeward is the more authentic epithet for the occupation. (Rhonda the Bee-Taymer, September, 1992, pg. 15) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.07 | In Finnish, soittaja is both the noun meaning "musician" and a suffix meaning "-player", modifying the genitive of the instrument's name. Thus harppu (harp), piano (piano), and torvi (trumpet) become harpunsoittaja (harpist), pianonsoittaja (pianist), and torvensoittaja (trumpeter), respectively. (Examples are from Wuolle's Suomalais-Englantilainen Sanakirja.) [Name registered as Kantelensoittajatar] (Mielikki Kantelensoittajatar, July, 1992, pp. 2-3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.04 | [the Dragoon] "The name has been modified to drop the post-Period byname. (LoAR 4/92 p.1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.02 | [<Norse name> "the Runesayer"] "The name has been modified to drop the intrusively modern epithet. 'The Runesayer' is not a Norse expression nor does it appear to be formed on a Period exemplar. Runes are not something that needed 'saying,' and the byname appears to be a modern fantasy idiom." (LoAR 2/92 p.1). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1991.12 | "'The Oxhandler' appears a little unlikely as a period epithet, but is not entirely implausible. However, Oxeman, Oxhirde, and Oxdrover are all documented period bynames which would serve the client better." [The epithet was registered as submitted] (LoAR 12/91 p.1). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1991.11 | "No documentation at all was submitted to demonstrate that Willowspoon makes sense as an occupational byname or that it is formed in a period manner or follows period name construction practices, as required by RfS II.3." [The name was returned for this reason] (LoAR 11/91 p.23). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1991.11 | [Vitki] "The byname is disallowed under RFS VI.2, Names Claiming Powers. You may not style yourself 'the wizard' in the Society." (LoAR 11/91 p.18). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1991.01 | [Armuin, submitted as a given name] "The submitter's own documentation is very clear that 'armuin' is a title meaning 'steward', 'warrior', or 'hero.' It is not a given name." (LoAR 1/91 p.20). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1990.12 | [Huscarl] "Huscarl is not a restricted title, any more than is 'the Apprentice', or, perhaps more appropriately, 'the Fighter'." (LoAR 12/90 p.8). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1990.11 | " 'Acquaintance traveller' is not a reasonable epithet or byname in any language we could think of." (LoAR 11/90 p.14). |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1988.04.23 | [Bakersdatter] There is significant doubt about the use of occupational surnames formed with the feminine patronymic particle in period Scandinavian languages and the submission gives no evidence to support this. (LoAR 23 Apr 88, p. 14) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1986.12.28 | The preposition "von" is not used in German with an occupational name. (LoAR 28 Dec 86, p. 9) |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1980.01.22 | Only a mundane M.D. [can be] "the Healer." WVS [9] [LoAR 22 Jan 80], p. 3 |