| Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Emma Idunn, this name combines an English given name and an Old Norse given name. Because Old Norse does not use unmarked patronymics, Idunn is not a properly formed byname. The properly constructed Old Norse form would be Idunsdottir.
To make this name registerable, the byname must either be changed to a close English form or to the properly constructed Old Norse form. Because a name mixing Middle English and Old Norse is one step from period practice, we have changed this name to Emma Idone, an all English form. Unmarked patronymics are common in English. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, dates this spelling of the byname to 1327. The change from Idunn to Idone is also a smaller change in sound and appearance than the change from Idunn to Idunsdottir. [Emma Idone, 05/04, A-Aethelmearc] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Given the lack of double-given names in Scots and the classic Scots naming pattern of given+surname+placename, Alpin in this name must be interpreted as an unmarked patronymic. The registerability of this name hinges on whether there is a pattern in Scots of Anglicized or Latinized Gaelic personal names becoming unmarked patronymics. A search through Black shows a few examples including Kilschyn Gilcrist in 1296 and William Bran, 1629. This is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit of the doubt. [Aidan Alpin of Dunkeld, 05/04, A-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | Submitted as Cairistiona inghen Raonuill, this name uses a significantly post-period Gaelic orthography for the spelling of the byname. Mac Raonuill is a modern Gaelic spelling; no evidence for this spelling is found prior to the 19th C. The Middle Irish Gaelic equivalent (900-1200) is Mac Ragnaill, while the Early Modern Irish Gaelic equivalent (1200-1700) is Mac Raghnaill. It is highly likely that the Scottish Gaelic forms in these periods would be identical to the Irish Gaelic forms. Furthermore, the patronymic particle uses a spelling occasionally found in the transitional period between Middle Irish Gaelic and Early Modern Irish Gaelic. We have changed the spelling of the patronymic to inghean Raghnaill, the Early Modern Irish Gaelic form. [Cairistiona inghean Raghnaill, 04/04, A-Lochac] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | This is returned because the documentation in Reaney & Wilson states specifically that Sealeaf is a modern form. Reaney and Wilson claim only a very speculative derivation from period citations. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) states that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. Reaney and Wilson date a form of this name, Seloue, to 1308. However, as this changes both the sound and appearance of the name, it is judged to be a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Elizabeth Sealeaf, 04/04, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | The form Ó Drisceóil is a corruption of the family name Ó hEidirsceóil (Woulfe s.n. Ó Drisceóil). There is some question as to whether this spelling change occurred during or after our period. The change is typical of the shift from Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) to Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1700 to present). The sound of the name c. 1600 (as heard by English speakers) can be found in the Anglicized Irish form O Driscole, dated to Elizabeth I-James I (Woulfe s.n. Ó Drisceóil). However, no evidence was found of the use of the form Ó Drisceóil, rather than Ó hEidirsceóil, in Gaelic records dated within or near our period.
The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 4, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005D/), shows examples of this family name in the listings for "Fínghin mac Mec Con mic Fínghin Uí Eidersceoil" (entry M1409.13) and "Mac Con Ua h-Eidirsceoil" (entry M1418.1). As these people lived during the submitter's desired time period of the 15th C, and the spellings used in the "Annals of the Four Masters" are generally appropriate for Early Modern Irish Gaelic (though this source is irregular regarding use of accents), which would have been used during the 15th C, we have lowercased mac and changed Drisceóil to Eidirsceóil in order to make this name partially authentic for the submitter's desired time period and language. [Ailbhe mac Branáin uí Eidirsceóil, 03/2004, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | The submitted form of the byname inghean Dhonnghaile was not grammatically correct. In Gaelic, D does not lenite if the previous word ends in an n. Therefore, inghean Donnghaile is the grammatically correct form of this name. [Mughain inghean Donnghaile, 03/2004, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Raphaella di Contini, the submitter requested authenticity for mid-1400 to 1500 Venice and allowed any changes. [...]
The submitted byname di Contini was not grammatically correct. Contini is a genitive form. The corresponding nominative form, which would be used with di, is Contino. Therefore, grammatically correct forms of this name would be Raffaella Contini and Raffaella di Contino. As the second of these forms is closer to the submitted name, we have changed the name to that form in order to register this name. [Raffaella di Contino, 03/2004, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | The byname ap Erwin does not violate RfS III.1.a, which requires lingual consistency. Though ap was documented as Welsh and Erwin was documented as English, evidence has been found of late period Welsh using English names in bynames that include ap or ferch. This issue has previously been addressed by the precedent:
As a result, the byname ap Erwin is registerable as a Welsh byname that incorporates an English name, which follows documented period practice. [Rhydderch ap Erwin, 03/2004, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Seán mac Conaill uí Braonáin, lenition was missing from the final element. As Effric Neyn Ken{gh}ocht Mcherrald explains in her article "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/):
We have added the missing lenition. [Seán mac Conaill uí Bhraonáin, 03/2004, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Listed on the LoI as Matheus mac Eoin, this name was submitted as Matheus MacEoin and changed at Kingdom to follow documented patronymic byname construction patterns.
In Gaelic during our period, articles (such as Mac) found in patronymic-style bynames were indeed written as separate words from the patronym. However, capitalization of Mac in Gaelic bynames varied in period, though it was not completely random. (For more information, see "From Pelican: Capitalization of Gaelic Particles: mac versus Mac" found in the Cover Letter to the June 2002 LoAR.) In the case of this name, both Matheus Mac Eoin and Matheus mac Eoin are plausible forms. As the submitter did not request a particular meaning or form, we have returned the capitalization of Mac to the submitted form. [Matheus Mac Eoin, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Helen ni Gorman, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Irish and allowed minor changes.
A number of members of the College provided information regarding forms of this name. Regarding the submitter's desired time and culture, Aryanhwy merch Catmael found that:
Siren found Anglicized byname forms dated to the late 16th or early 17th C:
These spellings shown in these Anglicized Irish forms are fairly consistent with spellings that show up for other bynames cited in Tangwystyl's "Red Book Of Ormond" article, noted by Aryanhwy above. The one difference is that the bynames cited in Tangwysytl's article usually have English forms that end in -an for renderings of Gaelic bynames that end in -án (as is the case with the Gaelic form of the submitted byname). Based on all of this information, Elyn Enynigorman is the most likely form of this name for 14th C Ireland. We have changed the name to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Elyn Enynigorman, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Kaun Steinr�ðsson, the patronymic Steinr�ðsson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Steinr�ðr is Steinr�ðarson. We have made this correction. [Kaun Steinr�ðarson, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Tuathal O'hAirt, the byname combined the Anglicized Irish O' with the Gaelic hAirt and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed this byname to the fully Gaelic form Ó hAirt in order to register this name. [Tuathal Ó hAirt, 03/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Brian ó hUilliam, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. In period records, the standard practice was to uppercase Ó whenever any uppercase letters were included in the patronymic byname (as opposed to recording the name entirely in lowercase). We have made this change in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | There were several issues with the submitted byname O'Muirnea{c.}áin.
The spelling O'Muirnea{c.}áin combined the Anglicized Irish O' with an otherwise Gaelic name, violating RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. This byname was documented from Woulfe (p. 622), which lists the header Ó Muirnea{c.}áin where the notation {c.} represents a c with a "dot" over it. The "dot" over a letter in Gaelic is called a punctum delens. When Gaelic is being represented using the Roman alphabet, letters with the punctum delens are rendered with an appended h; thus, c with a punctum delens becomes ch in standard transliteration. For registration purposes, we use this standard transliteration method. This entry in Woulfe lists the Anglicized Irish form O Murnyghan to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. The College was unable to find any evidence that this name was used earlier. Therefore, Ó Muirneacháin must be considered a 16th C byname. Precedent requires that when a Gaelic byname is used, it agree in gender with the given name, since bynames were used literally in Gaelic. Since Ó Muirneacháin is a masculine form, it cannot be registered with a feminine given name. The corresponding feminine form is inghean uí Mhuirneacháin [Muireann O'Muirnea{c.}áin, 03/2004, R-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Muirne Caitlin Maguire, the submitter requested authenticity for "Northern Ireland 1590" and allowed any changes. [...]
[N]o documentation was included in the submission supporting Maguire as a form of this name used in period. Woulfe (p. 427 s.n. Mag Uidhir) lists Maguire as a modern Anglicized Irish form of this name and dates the Anglicized Irish forms Maguier, M'Guier, M'Gwire, and M'Guiver to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. As a result, the minimum changes necessary to make this name registerable would be to drop the element Muirne and change the remaining elements to use forms documented to period. These changes would result in the name Caitilín Maguier. [Caitilín inghean mhic Uidhir, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | The submitted byname MacDuibhsidhe was constructed based on information in Black (s.n. MacFee), which lists MacDhubhshith as the modern Gaelic form of this byname. It is important to note that during our period, even in late period bynames where the name refers to a family rather than a father's name, Mac is written as a separate word from the rest of the byname. Black (s.n. MacFee) also states that "The AFM. record Dubside (mod[ern] G[aelic] Dubhsidhe) as fer-leiginn or reader of Iona in 1164 [...]". In this case, Black seems to have misidentified his source. His notation of AFM indicates that this information came from "Annals of the kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters. Edited by John O'Donovan. Dublin, 1848-51. 7 v." (Black, p. lix). However, the rendering of O'Donovan's Annals of the Four Masters available at the CELT (Corpus of Electronic Texts) website shows that the entries for 1164 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005B/) do not list any person by this name. However, the "The Annals of Ulster", also at the CELT site (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001/), entry U1164.2, includes the text "in fer leiginn (.i., Dub Sidhe)", where Dub Sidhe is a man's given name.
Later examples of forms of this byname show -th- forms rather than -dh- forms. For example, the "Annals of Loch Cé A.D.1014-1590" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100010B/), entry LC1577.10, includes the name Ferdorcha mac Dhuibhsith. Therefore, we have changed this byname to mac Duib Sidhe, based on the example from the "Annals of Ulster", in order to retain the -sidh spelling which the submitter used consistently throughout his submission form. [Rumann mac Duib Sidhe, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Listed on the LoI as Siobhan ingen Chamsroin, this name was submitted as Siobhan ingen Camsroin. The byname was corrected at Kingdom to add the missing lenition to the byname as required by Gaelic grammar. Since Camsroin is a descriptive term meaning 'crooked-nose' rather than a masculine given name, it would appear in a woman's byname in the form ingen in Chamsroin 'daughter [of] the crooked-nose [man]' rather than ingen Chamsroin 'daughter [of] crooked-nose [man]'. The byname ingen in Chamsroin is a fully Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this byname. The previously registered form inghean an Chamsroin is a fully Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this byname. We have added the article in 'the' to this byname in order to make this byname grammatically correct for Middle Gaelic in order to register this name. [Siobhan ingen in Chamsroin, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Kate Gallagher, the submitter requested authenticity for Anglicized Irish and allowed any changes. Gallagher was documented as a modern Anglicized Irish surname found in MacLysaght (s.n. Gallagher). Woulfe (p. 538 s.n. Ó Gallchobhair) lists O Galleghure as an Anglicized Irish surname dated to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. It was not unusual for women's bynames to omit the particle O in Anglicized Irish forms. Therefore, we have changed this byname to Galleghure, based on the period example from Woulfe, in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Kate Galleghure, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Padraig Ó Taidc, the submitter allowed minor changes to the byname only. The submitted byname Ó Taidc combines Ó, which is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form, with Taidc, which is a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form. As a result, this byname violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed this byname to the fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form Ó Taidg in order to register this name. [John de Duglas, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Caitríona inghean Guaire, the patronym was not lenited in the byname, as is required by Gaelic grammar. We have made this correction. [Caitríona inghean Ghuaire, 01/2004, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Gwenlliana Iohannes, the submitter requested authenticity for Welsh and allowed any changes. Clarion provided commentary regarding an authentic form of this name:
We have changed this name to the Latinized form suggested by Clarion in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Gwentliana filia Iohannes is a Latinized form, which would have appeared in documents from Wales in the submitter's desired time period. This is close to, but clear of, Gwenllian ferch Owain (registered in January 1998). While both Owain and Iohannes are forms of John, they are being used in bynames and are in different languages (Welsh and Latin, respectively). As a result, the two bynames must only be significantly different in both sound and appearance, which they are. [Gwentliana filia Iohannes, 01/2004, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Conall Mac Quarrie, no documentation was found that MacQuarrie is a period form. All of the examples of this name found in period, both presented in the LoI and those found by the College, that are spelled -Qu- also include the -h- in the middle of the name. As an example, Black (p. 558 s.n. MacQuarrie) dates the form McQuharrie to 1573. We have changed the byname to the form Mac Quharrie, a plausible period form based on the example from Black, in order to register this name. [Conall Mac Quharrie, 01/2004, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Tamlin Mac Grim of Westray, no documentation was found to support Mac Grim as a plausible spelling in period. Woulfe (p. 545 s.n. Ó Gréacháin) lists O Gryhme as an Anglicized Irish surname dated to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. Based on this example, we have changed this name to Mac Gryhme in order to register this name. [Tamlin Mac Gryhme of Westray, 01/2004, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Katelin McDevit, McDevit was submitted as an Anglicized Irish surname based on the modern Anglicized Irish forms (Mac) Davitt and (Mac) Devitt found in MacLysaght (s.n. MacDaid). No evidence was found that McDevit is a plausible period form of this name. Woulfe (p. 348 s.n. Mac Daibhéid) dates the Anglicized Irish forms M'Daveyd and M'Deyt to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. Based on the period example M'Daveyd, we have changed the byname to McDaveyd, a plausible period form, in order to register this name. [Katelin McDaveyd, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Yrsa Asmundsdóttir, the patronymic Asmundsdóttir was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Ásmundr is Ásmundardóttir. We have made this correction. [Yrsa Ásmundardóttir, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Listed on the LoI as Elizabeth Handatter, the submitter requested authenticity for Danish and allowed minor changes to the byname only. The submission form listed the byname as Handatter while the attached worksheet listed it as Hansdatter. The submitter contacted Pennon to clarify this issue. The submitter indicates that she intended to submit the form Hansdatter. All evidence provided with this submission and found by the College supports the form Hans- in this byname. Therefore, we have added the missing s back into this byname.
Multiple members of the College found support for -datter as a Swedish form and noted the Academy of Saint Gabriel's client report #2166 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2166), which states:
Based on this information, we have changed the byname to Hansdaatter in order to make this byname authentic for Danish as requested by the submitter. [Elizabeth Hansdaatter, 01/2004, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Peter Mihal, the submitter requested authenticity for Hungarian (not Latinized) "possibly as early as 1000 A.D." and indicated that he desired the name to mean 'Michael, son of Peter'.
While period Hungarian names may have either the given name or the byname first, in the cases of names with unmarked patronymics, we only register the name with the given name first in order to resolve any issues with conflict checking:
Nebuly suggested ways to address this issue:
As the form Peterfi Mihal is a smaller change than switching the order of the name elements to Mihal Peter, we have registered this name with the marked patronymic byname form Peterfi in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to match his desired meaning. [Peterfi Mihal, 01/2004, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | McConville was documented as a modern Anglicized Irish surname found in MacLysaght (s.n. (Mac) Conville). No evidence was found that this spelling is a plausible period form. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable. Woulfe (p. 341 s.n. Mac Conmhaoil) dates the Anglicized Irish forms M'Convale, M'Conwaile, and M'Conwell to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. As there are plenty of examples of Anglicized Irish surnames of the form Mc- in the late 16th C, forms such as McConvale, McConwaile, and McConwell are also plausible for this time period. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change the byname to one of these forms in order to register this name. [Patrick McConville, 01/2004, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | This name mixes Spanish and Italian, a combination which has been ruled registerable, though with a weirdness. The LoI documented Gabriele as an undated Italian masculine given name. The College was able to find evidence of this name, in this spelling, in 14th to 16th C Italy. While the more common forms of a byname derived from the masculine given name Gabriele would be di Gabriele or Gabrieli, there are examples of unmarked patronymic surnames in period Italian. Therefore, this name may be registered as submitted. [Isabella Gabriele de Álora, 12/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Séaghnait inghean Dhonnchaidh, this name was submitted as Séaghnait Dhonnchaidh and changed at Kingdom because unmarked patronymics were not used in Gaelic in period. The submitter requested authenticity for Gaelic and allowed any changes.
Séaghnait is listed as a header form in Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 164 s.n. Ségnat). It appears to be an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name. Ó Corráin & Maguire state that Ségnat was the name of an "abbess whom St Abbán placed in charge of his foundations in Meath", as well as being the name of a saint, but give no date for this saint. In the entry for Abbán Ó Corráin & Maguire date St. Abbán to the "late sixth or early seventh century". In Gaelic, unlike in English, children were not given the names of prominent saints because those names were viewed as too holy to use. Therefore, an authentic name using the given name Ségnat would only have appeared in or near the time that the saint lived. In the 7th C, the language spoken in Ireland was Oghamic Irish, which is significantly different in sound an appearance from the submitted form of this name which is Early Modern Irish. By the 8th C, Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) was in use. It is possible that the given name Ségnat was still in use at that time. Therefore, we have changed this name to a fully Old Irish Gaelic form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Ségnat ingen Donnchada, 12/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Crimthann MacGiolla Phadraig, the form listed this name as Crimthann Mac Giolla Phadraig. We have replaced the missing space in the byname. [Crimthann Mac Giolla Phadraig, 12/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | In period, Mac was not connected to the patronym in Gaelic. We have added a space to follow documented period examples. [Gavine Mac Cormaic, 12/2003, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Deirdre inghen ui Bardáin, the submitter indicated that she desired her name to mean 'Deirdre daughter of the Bard'. The submitted byname, inghen ui Bardáin, means either 'grandaughter [of a man named] Bardán' or 'female descendant [of the] Ó Bardáin [family]'. Additionally, lenition was missing from the patronym and accents were not used consistently in the byname. A more typical and grammatically correct form of this byname would be inghean uí Bhardáin.
A byname meaning 'daughter of the Bard' would be inghean an Bháird. We have changed the byname to this form in order to give it the meaning desired by the submitter. [Deirdre inghean an Bháird, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Giovanni da Lucca, this name was submitted as Giovanni Di Lucca. The submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed minor changes. Both di Lucca and da Lucca are bynames in Italian that can be found in "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/). The byname di Lucca is a patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Luca, which is also occasionally found as Lucca. The byname da Lucca is a locative byname referring to a town west of Florence which is found in records as Luca or Lucca. As the submitted documentation specifically referred to a town rather than a masculine given name, we have registered this name in the locative byname form. [Giovanni da Lucca, 12/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Lassar Fhina ingen Niell, the byname was spelled incorrectly. In Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200), a woman's byname indicating that her father was named Niall would be ingen Neill, not ingen Niell. We have made this change. [Lassar Fhina ingen Neill, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Halldorr Thorhalsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Viking and allowed any changes.
The patronymic Thorhalsson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Þorhallr (also rendered Thorhallr) is Þórhallsson (also rendered Thorhallsson). We have made this correction. We have registered this name using the fully Norse form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Halldórr Þórhallsson, 11/2003, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Phineas MacGoldrick, MacGoldrick was documented as an undated form from MacLysaght. However, many of the Anglicized Irish forms listed by MacLysaght are modern. Woulfe (s.n. Mag Ualghairg) lists Magowlricke, Magollricke and M'Gworlick as Anglicized Irish forms dated to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. As Magollricke is the closest dated form to the submitted MacGoldrick, we have changed the byname to that spelling in order to register this name. [Phineas Magollricke, 11/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Gerardus Christopherus du Bourgogne, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for Norman French and allowed any changes. The locative element uses du 'of the' with a place name; it should be de 'of/from.' We have made this change. As the given name and patronymic are Latinized, we have also changed the locative element to the Latinized form in order to meet the request for authenticity. Latinized forms are typical documentary forms. A 14th century French form from Haute Picardie would be Gerard Christofle de Bourgoingne (all elements from Morlet �tude d'Anthroponymie Picarde); an early Anglo-Norman form would be Gerard Christofer Burgoin.
Questions were raised in commentary as to whether there was evidence of unmarked patronymics in Latinized forms. While patronymics are more frequently found in the genitive form, making Gerardus Christopheri, Reaney and Wilson give many examples of unmarked Latinized patronymics in Anglo-Norman names (for example: Alfredus Folkeredus dated to 1204 s.n. Alfred). [Gerardus Christopherus de Burgondia, 11/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Deiniol ap Gwrgwst, both elements are found as masculine names in Tangwystyl verch Morgan Glasvryn's "Names of Women of the Brythonic North in the 5-7th Centuries." At this time, the Latin filius was used in Welsh patronymic bynames rather than the later ap. We have therefore made this change. [Deiniol filius Gwrgwst, 11/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | [...] This name, then, combines a masculine given name with a feminine given name, rendering the name unregisterable. We might consider Irene a matronymic byname, but Lassin appears to be a patronymic form; no evidence has been found for two patronymic bynames in German or for a patronymic and matronymic byname. We cannot drop the element Irene or the element Lassin, as the submitter does not allow major changes. [Engel Irene Lassin, 11/2003, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Seán úa Lochlainn, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for the 14th C. At that time Ua is the expected form of the particle. We have made that change to meet his request for authenticity. [Seán Ua Lochlainn, 11/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Emelye Mulvaney, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C Irish and allowed any changes.
Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormond" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/lateirish/ormond.html), which lists names from 14th C Ireland, includes three women's names that included forms of Gaelic patronymic or family bynames: Slany Enynimolan (i.e., inghean uí Mhaoláin), Elyn McGalman, and Emin O Karwill vidua. Woulfe (p.600 s.n. Ó Maoilmheana) dates the Anglicized Irish form O Mulvany to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. Based on these examples, O Mulvany is a likely form of this name for a woman in 14th C Ireland. We have changed the byname to this form in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Lacking evidence that any form of the name Emelye was used in Ireland in period, we were unable to make this name completely authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. [Emelye O Mulvany, 10/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Bjarni Eðvarðarson af Jorvik, this name was submitted as Bjarni Edwardsson af Jorvik. The patronymic byname was changed at Kingdom to meet the submitter's request for authenticity for 10th C Norse. [Bjarni Eðvarðarson í Jórvík, 10/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Bróccin mac Gille Críost, this name was submitted as Bróccin mac Gille Crist and changed at Kingdom in an attempt to correct grammatical issues with the byname.
The submitted documentation supported Bróccín and Gille Críst as Gaelic masculine given names used in 12th C Scotland. In Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200), Gille Críst is both a nominative and genitive form. Therefore, Bróccín mac Gille Críst is a grammatically correct Middle Gaelic form of this name. The submitter requested authenticity for 1400s Scottish and allowed all changes. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald provided information that Gille Críst took on two Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) nominative forms in Scotland, Gille Críost and Gille Críosd, and that the corresponding genitive forms were Gille Chríost and Gille Chríosd. Lacking evidence that any form of the name Bróccín was used in Scotland in the 1400s, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. Accents were sometimes left out of period Irish Gaelic documents. Therefore, as with Norse names, the accents in a name should be used or omitted consistently throughout the name. The submitted form included some, but not all, of the accents in this name. We have added the missing accents in order to register this name. [Bróccín mac Gille Críst, 10/2003, A-Meridies] [Bróccín mac Gille Críst, 10/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Christopher MacEvinney, MacEvinney was documented as a modern Anglicized Irish surname found in Woulfe (p. 305 s.n. MacAibne). (Note: the secondary header forms listed in Woulfe are Anglicized Irish forms. Those listed in italics date to records from the time of Elizabeth I or James I. Forms listed in regular font (not italic) are modern forms.) This entry dates the Anglicized Irish forms M'Aveny and M'Eveny to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. Lacking evidence that the submitted form MacEvinney is a plausible period form, we have changed this byname to MacEveny, based on the dated example in Woulfe, in order to register this name. [Christopher MacEveny, 10/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Cáelainn ingen uí Raghailligh, the byname ingen uí Raghailligh combined the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) ingen uí with Raghailligh which is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. Combining these languages in the byname ingen uí Raghailligh violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed this byname to the fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form inghean uí Raghailligh in order to register this name. [Cáelainn inghean uí Raghailligh, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Dragos cel �ntuneric David, the submitter requested authenticity for Romanian and allowed any changes.
Nebuly provided information about the elements in this name:
As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed this name to the form suggested by Nebuly in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Dragos cel Negru, 10/2003, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Elena Fredereva, Fredereva was submitted as a constructed patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Freder. Nebuly found that the correct byname form is Frederova:
We have corrected the byname to Frederova in order to register this name. [Elena Frederova, 09/2003, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Anna Francesca Mason, Mason was documented as an Italian byname found in De Felice, Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani (p. 164 s.n. Masi). The LoI noted that the submitter preferred the form Massone and allows minor changes.
Metron Ariston found that two period artists had Massone as part of their names:
The College was unable to conclusively determine whether Massone was a masculine given name, a placename, or an occupational byname. As a result, it is difficult to determine what form Massone would take when used as part of a woman's byname. In the names found by Metron Ariston, Massone seems to be used as a masculine given name, which is consistent with the family name form Massoni listed in Ferrante LaVolpe's article "Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/). Therefore, typical forms of the submitted name would be Anna Francesca di Massone and Anna Francesca Massoni. While the form di [masculine given name (nominative case)] is typical, there are a handful of examples of bynames that are formed using a masculine given name in the nominative case and do not include di. The article "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/) lists some examples of this type of byname, including Mario Salamone in 1482, 1483, and 1484. Further evidence that this form of byname is indeed a byname, and not a second given name, may be seen in three variations of one man's name in this article: Ghuglielmo Ramondo, Ghulielmo Ramondi, and Guglielmo Ramondo (all dated to 1482). Based on this information, Anna Francesca Massone is plausible as an Italian name in period. Therefore, we have changed the byname to the form desired by the submitter. [Anna Francesca Massone, 09/2003, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | The documentation given in the LoI for the byname inghean Fhathaigh was:
Metron Ariston provided information regarding the origin of this byname:
It was noted in commentary that Woulfe (s.n. Ó Fathaigh) says that this name is derived from a given name Fathadh. However, a genitive ending in -aigh is formed from a nominative ending in -ach, not a nominative ending in -adh. Lacking evidence that Fathaigh would be a reasonable genitive either of faithche, as cited in MacLysaght, or of Fathadh, as cited in Woulfe, we must assume that the family name Ó Fathaigh is one of the class of family names that derives from a descriptive byname, in this case Fathach cited in the Dictionary of the Irish Language, rather than from a masculine given name. Therefore, the submitted byname inghean Fhathaigh is not supported by the documented family name Ó Fathaigh. Instead, the appropriate feminine byname would be inghean uí Fhathaigh. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change this byname from inghean Fhathaigh to inghean uí Fhathaigh in order to register this name. [Áine inghean Fhathaigh, 09/2003 LoAR, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | This name is being returned because Gormlaith is a feminine given name and Ó Néill is a masculine form.
Bynames were used literally in Gaelic in period. The form Ó Néill means 'grandson/male descendant of Niall'. As a woman cannot be a grandson or male descendant, the form Ó Néill is not compatible with a feminine given name in period. If the submitter wishes to indicate that her father's name is Niall, then the appropriate byname is inghean Néill 'daughter of Niall'. If she wants to indicate that she is a member of the Ó Néill family, then the appropriate byname is inghean u� Néill. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change the byname to a feminine form in order to register her name. [Gormlaith Ó Néill, 09/2003 LoAR, R-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Lochlainn mac Faoláin Bhain, Gaelic names are registerable with accents either used or omitted consistently. As there was an accent in the element Faoláin, we have added the missing accent to final element of this name.
There was some discussion about whether the element Bháin should include lenition, or whether it should not include lenition and take the form Báin. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 4, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005D/), entry M1453.6, lists an example of the byname Bán 'white' used as a descriptive byname for a man's father: Eoghan mac Domhnaill Bháin Ui Raighilligh. As this example has the descriptive byname lenited, we have registered it in the lenitied form Bháin. [Lochlainn mac Faoláin Bháin, 08/2003 LoAR, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Rioghnach ni Rose, the submitter requested authenticity for "Irish/English" and allowed minor changes. In period, a Gaelic woman's name would have been written entirely in Gaelic or entirely in Anglicized Irish depending upon the language of the record in which her name was recorded.
The byname ni Rose was submitted as an Anglicized Irish form of the byname inghean Roiss, where Roiss was intended to be a genitive form of the Gaelic masculine name Rosa. However, Roiss is not a genitive form of Rosa. Instead, the genitive form of Rosa in late period is simply Rosa. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 5, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005E/) shows an example of this genitive in entry M1518.2, which lists Aedh mac Rosa mic Tomais �icc M�g Uidhir in the year 1518. For the most part, period Anglicized Irish forms of names use English spelling conventions of the time to represent the sound of Gaelic names. The difficult part of constructing period Anglicized Irish forms of names is determining how the English or Anglicized Irish spelling conventions of that time would have rendered the sound of a name. In this case, there is an example of -rosa in a byname. Woulfe (p. 513 s.n. � Dubhrosa) dates the Anglicized Irish form O Dubrise to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. This example supports Rise as a period Anglicized Irish form of the Gaelic Rosa. Regarding the use of ni in Anglicized Irish, there are some gray-area documents that show examples of this type of construction. John O'Donovan, ed., Annals of Ireland, by the Four Masters, vol. 6, p. 2446, lists a transcription of the will of Daniell O'Donovane dated to 1629. This document mentions Juane Ny Teige O'Donovane, the daughter of my sonne Teige O'Donovane. The same page lists a transcription of the will of Teige O'Donovane dated to 1639. In this document, Teige lists his daughters: Joane ny Teige, Ellen ny Teige, Eilene ny Teige, Shilie ny Teige, and Honora ny Teige. These examples support Ny [Anglicized Irish form of father's given name] and ny [Anglicized Irish form of father's given name] as byname forms for women in Anglicized Irish. Therefore, Ny Rise and ny Rise are plausible period Anglicized Irish forms of the submitted byname. As the latter is the closer of these to the submitted byname, we have used that form in registering this name in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. A fully Gaelic form of this name would be Rioghnach inghean Rosa. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to change this name to a fully Gaelic form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Rioghnach ny Rise, 08/2003 LoAR, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Wolfgang Günthersohn, the byname Günthersohn was submitted as a constructed byname. Brechenmacher lists a number of examples of this type of name, including: (s.n. Sohn) Henrich Adrians Sohn dated to 1580, (s.n. Jakobsen) Drewes, Jacoppes son zu Lübeck dated to 1335, (s.n. Friedrich) Chuonnrat Friderichs sun zu Hottingen dated to 1313, and (s.n. Wilhelmsen) Jakob Wilhelmes sohne dated to 1526. These examples demonstrate that this construction existed in period. They also show that the expected form would have an s added to the end of the father's name, forming a patronymic such as Günthers sohn. Brechenmacher (s.n. Wolterssohn) also shows an example of the sohn 'son' element appended to the end of the patronym: Jasper Wolterszoen 1573. This example supports a construction such as Güntherssohn. We have changed the submitted byname to this form in order to follow period examples in order to register this name. [Wolfgang Güntherssohn, 08/2003 LoAR, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Céline di Moneta Angeli, this name was submitted as Céline de Moneta Angeli and changed at Kingdom to use the standard patronymic marker di rather than the Latin de.
Moneta is listed under Giacomoni, which is given as a diminutive of Giacomo in Fucilla (p. 42). However, the College was unable to find evidence that Moneta was used in period as a diminutive of a masculine given name. Instead, evidence was found of Moneta as a surname referring to a coin or money, which likely originated as an occupational byname. Juliana de Luna's article "Masculine Names from Thirteenth Century Pisa" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/pisa/pisa-bynames-alpha.html) lists the surname de Moneta. (The original source is in Latin.) Lacking evidence that Moneta is a period diminutive of a masculine given name, it is not registerable in a patronymic byname such as di Moneta. In order to register this name, we have changed the byname to the documented occupational byname de Moneta and placed the family name before the occupational byname to follow period patterns. [Céline Angeli de Moneta, 08/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Caitilín ingen Aodha, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. The submitted byname ingen Aodha combined the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) particle ingen with the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) Aodha and so violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed this byname to the fully Early Modern Irish form inghean Aodha, which is appropriate for use with the given name Caitilín, in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Caitilín inghean Aodha, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Dimitrii Seryi, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Russia. Therefore, we have changed the byname from the nominative form to the patronymic form. [Dimitrii Serev, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Ingeborg Cristendottir, the submitter requested authenticity for "Skandinavian (Danish)" and allowed any changes. The LoI submitted Cristendottir as a hypothetical "Variation of modern last name [Christensen] to be more period with the feminine version." Several commenters provided documentation of different forms of this byname in Scandinavian languages in period. Metron Ariston provided a good summary of the changes necessary for a period form of this byname authentic for the submitter's requested culture:
We have changed the byname to the form suggested by Metron Ariston in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Ingeborg Cristensdatter, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Maria Alegreza di Nicoletti, the byname was not correctly formed. Siren explains:
We have registered this name in the second form suggested by Siren as it retains the pronunciation of the byname element Nicoletti. [Maria Alegreza Nicoletti, 08/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Fri�a S�rkvirsdóttir, the patronymic S�rkvirsdóttir was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name S�rkvir is S�rkvisdóttir. We have made this correction. [Fri�a S�rkvisdóttir, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Sorcha inghen Cú Mara, there was some discussion regarding the submitted inghen. This spelling has been addressed previously:
When the masculine name Cú Mara is used in a woman's byname, it needs to be put into the genitive case and lenited. Therefore, inghen Chon Mhara and, more typically, inghean Chon Mhara are forms of this byname appropriate for Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). We have changed the byname to the first of these forms, as it is the closer of the two to the submitted form of this byname, in order to register this name. [Sorcha inghen Chon Mhara, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Magnus Ragnarson, the patronymic Ragnarson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Ragnarr is Ragnarsson. We have made this correction. [Magnus Ragnarsson, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Aine Fion, this name was submitted as a feminine given name followed by a masculine given name. Unmarked patronymic bynames were not used in Gaelic in period and are reason for return. Additionally, no documentation was presented and none was found that Fion is a period variant of the documented masculine given name Fionn. Lacking such evidence, Fion is not registerable. A woman named Aine whose father was named Fionn would be Aine inghean Fhionn.
There is also a Gaelic descriptive byname Fionn 'fair' (referring either to hair color or complexion). When used as a woman's descriptive byname, it lenites, taking the form Fhionn. A woman named Aine who has fair hair or a fair complexion could be referred to as Aine Fhionn. As the submitter allows any changes, we have passed this name using the descriptive byname Fhionn, rather than the patronymic byname inghean Fhionn, as the descriptive byname form is closer to the submitted form of this name. [Aine Fhionn, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | The submitter requested authenticity for 10th to 11th C Germanic and allowed any changes. The byname Sigfridsson was documented to the 17th C as Swedish. While no documentation was found of Sigfridsson as a German byname in period, it follows a documented patronymic construction pattern found in German.
Sigfrid is dated to 1310 as a masculine given name in German in Talan Gwynek's article "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia, Men's Names" (http://www.s_gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/bahlowMasc.html). German bynames ending in forms of sohn 'son' are rare, but do occur. Brechenmacher lists a number of examples of this type of name, including (s.n. Sohn) Henrich Adrians Sohn dated to 1580, (s.n. Jakobsen) Drewes, Jacoppes son zu Lübeck dated to 1335, (s.n. Friedrich) Chuonnrat Friderichs sun zu Hottingen dated to 1313, and (s.n. Wilhelmsen) Jakob Wilhelmes sohne dated to 1526. These examples demonstrate that this construction existed in period. They also show that the expected form would have an s added to the end of the father's name, forming a patronymic such as Sigfrids son. Brechenmacher (s.n. Wolterssohn) also shows an example of the sohn 'son' element appended to the end of the patronym: Jasper Wolterszoen 1573. This example supports a construction such as Sigfridsson. As we were unable to find evidence that any of the elements in this name were used in German in the submitter's desired time period, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. [Brian Sigfridsson von Niedersachsen, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Sorcha Searraigh, the submitter requested authenticity for the 10th to 11th C. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 2, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005B/), entry M1032.16, lists Murchadh, mac Searraigh. However, this entry shows an Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) spelling. The Annals of the Four Masters were written in 1632-1636 and many of the entries show orthography appropriate for the 17th C. The corresponding Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form would be mac Serraig. In a woman's name, the byname would be ingen Sherraig in Middle Gaelic and inghean Shearraigh in Early Modern Gaelic. The only examples found of the name Sorcha date from the 16th C. Therefore, we could not make this name completely authentic for the 10th to 11th C as requested by the submitter. We would have changed the byname to ingen Sherraig to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. However, the name Sorcha ingen Sherraig would have two weirdnesses - one for combining Middle Gaelic and Early Modern Gaelic and one for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years between the elements. Therefore, we have registered this name in the fully Early Modern Gaelic form Sorcha inghean Shearraigh. [Sorcha inghean Shearraigh, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Birgir Bjórnson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Norse. The patronymic Bjórnson was not correctly formed for Old Norse. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Bj{o,}orn is Bjarnarson. We have made this change in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Birgir Bjarnarson, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | No documentation was presented and none was found to support the spelling Steavenson as a plausible form in period. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change this byname to the documented Stevenson in order to register this name. [Richard Steavenson, 07/2003 LoAR, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Additionally, in Gaelic, T does not lenite if the previous word ends in an n. Therefore, inghean Tighearnaigh is the grammatically correct form of this byname. [Fionnabhair inghean Thighearnaigh, 06/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Ailionóra inghean Thighearnaigh, in Gaelic T does not lenite if the previous word ends in an n. Therefore, inghean Tighearnaigh is the grammatically correct form of this byname. We have made this change in order to register this name. [Ailionóra inghean Tighearnaigh, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Ingwulf Wulfsone, this name was submitted as Ingwulf Wulfsin. The submitter requested authenticity for 7th C Saxon and noted that the sound "wolf's son" and Saxon language/culture were most important to him. Kingdom changed the byname to a theorized Old English form in an attempt to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and his desired sound.
No support was provided in the LoI that either Wulfsin or Wulfsone were properly constructed. Patronymic bynames in Old English are typically formed by placing the father's name in the genitive case and appending a form of sunu 'son'. A 7th C example of this type of construction is found in Gösta Tengvik, Old English Bynames (p. 158 s.n. Hussan sunu), which dates Hering Hussan sunu to 603. Metron Ariston provided support for an appropriate form of the submitted byname for Old English:
We have changed this name to the byname provided by Metron Ariston, and have added the space before sunu as seen in the 7th C example found in Tengvik, in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture. [Ingwulf Wulfes sunu, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Talorgen mac Brude, Brude is a nominative form of this name. We have changed it to a genitive form as required when it is used in a patronymic byname. [Talorgen mac Brudi, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | There was some question whether mac Amhalgaidh was grammatically correct, since mac Amhalghadha and mac Amhalghaidh are the more typical Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) forms of this byname. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 3, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005C/), entry M1187.12, lists Aireactach Mac Amhalgaidh taoiseach Calraighe, which shows the submitted form of this byname. As this work was written in 1632-1636, this byname form is registerable. [Tomás mac Amhalgaidh, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Listed on the LoI as Gillian Holroyd, this name was submitted as Gillian Holroyd macLachlan. The element macLachlan was dropped at Kingdom. The LoI explained that Kingdom was "unable to reconcile the use of 'mac' with a woman's given name, and we were unable to find evidence for use of a geographic surname followed by a patronymic." The submitter requested authenticity for the 13th to 15th C and allowed any changes.
Examples of women's given names used with Mac- style bynames appear in Scots (a language closely related to English) in the 15th C and later. Some examples from Black include: Joneta Makgillumquha dated to 1406 (p. 471 s.n. MacClumpha), Agnes Makcalpyn dated to 1475 (p. 26 s.n. Aquhonan), and Margaret Makrerik dated to 1490 (pp. 480-1 s.n. MacCririck). The example given in the LoI of Gillaspy MacLachlan, dated 1308 in Black (p. 553 s.n. MacLachlan), is in Scots, not Gaelic. Therefore, MacLachlan is an appropriate form of this name that may be used with a feminine given name in Scots. Therefore, we have restored the element MacLachlan to this name, though we have changed the capitalization to match documented forms in Scots. As the College was unable to find support for a locative byname preceeding a Mac- style byname in Scots, we have reversed the order of the bynames in order to register this name. Reaney & Wilson (p. 236 s.n. Holroyd) dates de Holrode to 1327. We have changed the byname to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Gillian MacLachlan de Holrode, 04/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Wilo ingen Donnchada, Wilo was documented only as a masculine given name. The byname ingen Donnchada means 'daughter of Duncan'. Gaelic patronymic bynames were used literally in period. Therefore, this name was not registerable as submitted since a man could not be a daughter. Since the submitter marked "don't care" for gender on her form, we have changed the byname to the masculine form mac Donnchada in order to register this name. [Wilo mac Donnchada, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Derbáil ingen Lonán, the byname element Lonán was in the nominative case. We have changed this element to the genitive case Lonáin, as required by Gaelic grammar, in order to register this name. [Derbáil ingen Lonáin, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The LoI noted that this name was submitted with the meaning 'Onora, daughter of Brian the son of Conchobar'. In fact, the submitted form of this name means 'Onora, daughter of Brian the grandson (or male descendant) of Conchobar'. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed inghean uí Chonchobhair 'daughter of a grandson (or male descendant) of Conchobhar' to inghean mhic Conchobhair 'daughter of a son of Conchobhar' in order to register this name. (Note: names beginning in C- do not lenite if the previous word ends in -c.) This change provides the submitter her intended meaning, meets her request for authenticity for Irish, and removes the claim of close relationship to the registered name Brian O'Conor. [Onóra inghean Bhriain mhic Conchobhair, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Lorccán ua Conchobair, the submitter requested authenticity for late 10th C Irish and allowed minor changes. We have changed the particle ua to the older form hua to match the submitter's requested time period. [Lorccán hua Conchobair, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Uaithne u� Ciaráin, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish. As submitted, this name was not grammatically correct. The name Uaithne was both a masculine and a feminine given name in Irish Gaelic in period. Uaithne ua Ciaráin would be a grammatically correct form of this name for a man. Uaithne inghean u� Chiaráin would be a grammatically correct form of this name for a woman. As the submitter's form indicated that she desired a feminine name, we have changed this name to the grammatically correct feminine form in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Uaithne inghean u� Chiaráin, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Sveinn Thorwolfson, no documentation was presented and none was found to support Thorwolf as a variant of the Old Norse masculine given name ��r�lfr. Also, the patronymic form of this name is spelled -fsson, not -fson. We have made these changes to the byname in order to register this name. [Sveinn Thorolfsson, 03/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Aoibhinn ingen Artán, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish Gaelic. Artán is a nominative form. A byname uses the genitive form Artáin. We have made this correction. As submitted, this name combined an Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) given name with a Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) byname. We have changed this name to a completely Middle Irish form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Aíbinn ingen Artáin, 03/2003, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Flora di Manfredi, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed any changes. The byname di Manfredi is not grammatically correct. Grammatically correct forms of this name are Flora di Manfredo and Flora Manfredi. As Flora di Manfredo is the closer of these to the submitted form, we have changed this name to Flora di Manfredo in order to register this name. [Flora di Manfredo, 03/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Gráinne inghean Chonaill uí hEachaidh, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Irish. This name means 'Gráinne daughter of Conall Ó hEachaidh'. In the submitter's desired time period, the genitive form of her father's byname would have been slightly different. It would have been Ó hEachadha rather than Ó hEachaidh. We have made this change to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.
There is one other change that we have made in order to follow the rules of Gaelic grammar. Bynames, such as Ó hEachadha, that are formed like Ó [name of eponymous ancestor] have an h prepended to the name of the eponymous ancestor if that name begins with a vowel. When this byname is used in a woman's byname, Ó (which is in the nominative case) becomes uí or Uí (which are in the genitive case). Since the name of the eponymous ancestor now follows uí rather than Ó, the h is not prepended to it. Therefore, Ó hEachadha becomes uí Eachadha in this submission. We have made this correction. [Gráinne inghean Chonaill uí Eachadha, 03/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Note: in Gaelic, T does not lenite if the previous word ends in an n. Therefore, the byname ingen Trena is grammatically correct. [Anlaith ingen Trena, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Ó Fuathaigh was documented from MacLysaght (s.n. (O) Fuohy), which describes this name as "an east Cork name." Woulfe (p. 535 s.n. Ó Fuathaigh) lists no period examples of the name and gives the meaning of the name as 'des[cendant] of Fuathach'. There is some doubt whether this name would have been used in period. Metron Ariston explains:
Given the meaning of this name, and the lack of evidence of its use in period, Ó Fuathaigh is not registerable. [Tigernach Ó Fuathaigh, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Úlfr Sigmundsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Norse. The Old Norse patronymic formed from the masculine given name Sigmundr is Sigmundarson rather than Sigmundsson. We have made this correction. [Úlfr Sigmundarson, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Listed on the LoI as Genna inghean Braonain ui Amann, the name form shows Genna inghean Braonaín uí Ámann. Gaelic names are registerable with accents used or omitted consistently. Since the submission form uses the accents, we have placed them back in this name.
The accent was misplaced in the element Braonaín. The genitive form of the masculine given name Braonán is Braonáin, rather than Braonaín. We have made this correction. No documentation was found to support Amann as a period form of this name rather than as a modern form. Additionally, Amann is in the nominative case. Gaelic grammar requires that it be put into the genitive case when used in a byname. Orle found a period example of Amann in a personal byname in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 2, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005B/), which lists Pól mac Amaind in entry M1103.10. We have changed Amann to the form documented to period in order to register this name. [Genna inghean Braonáin uí Amaind, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Eoin Mac Cionaoith ui Reannachain, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C Irish. In Gaelic names of this form, the mac 'son' is literal. In other words, this name indicates that Eoin is the son of Cionaodh ua Reannachain. We have lowercased mac to follow documented examples of this type of construction. [Eoin mac Cionaoith ui Reannachain, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Muirenn ingen Donndubán, the byname was not in the genitive case as required by Gaelic grammar. We have made this correction. [Muirenn ingen Donndubáin, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Caoilfhionn ingen Chathassaich, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 12th C Irish. As submitted, this name combined the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Caoilfhionn with the Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) ingen Chathassaich. Additionally, the byname ingen Chathassaich is not quite correct. In Middle Irish Gaelic, the genitive and lenited form of the masculine given name Cathassach is Chathassaig rather than Chathassaich. We have changed this name to the fully Middle Irish form Cáelfind ingen Chathassaig in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Cáelfind ingen Chathassaig, 02/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | There are also issues with the byname Mac an Thilidh. Aryanhwy merch Catmael summarized these issues:
A registerable Gaelic form of this name would be Máire inghean an Fhilidh. An Irish or Highland Scot woman with this name could have been recorded in Anglicized Irish, English, or Scots (a language closely related to English) records as Mary Maknely. As the latter form is closer in sound to the submitted name than the Gaelic form, we have changed this name to the form Mary Maknely in order to register this name. [Mary Maknely, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | The submitter stated that she wished the meaning 'Brighid, daughter of Red Wolf'. Mac Tíre is a Gaelic masculine given name. It originally meant 'son of the land', a euphemism for a wolf. Used as a given name, in the submitter's time period, it did not mean 'wolf' any more than the modern given name Heather means a type of vegetation, or the modern given name Ashley means 'ash-tree wood or clearing'. In fact, the submitted name means ' Brighid, daughter of Mac Tíre the Red'. In this position, Ruadh is her father's descriptive byname and would normally indicate that he had red hair.
The submitted byname is not formed correctly, because it does not have her father's name (Mac Tíre Ruadh) in the genitive case as required by Gaelic grammar. The correct form of this byname for the submitter's desired time period is Meic Thíre Ruaidh. We have made this change in order to register her name. [Brigit ingen Meic Thíre Ruaidh, 01/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Cellach inghean ui Dubhthaigh, the byname was not lenited as required by Gaelic grammar. We have made this correction. [Cellach inghean ui Dhubhthaigh, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Nikolai Demonov, Demonov was submitted as a patronymic byname formed from the given name Demon', which is dated to 1330 in Wickenden (3rd ed., p. 64 s.n. Demon'). Nebuly noted an issue with the byname:
Rouge Scape (Paul Wickenden of Thanet) confirmed that "Demon' would create a patronymic like Demonev or Demon'ev". Therefore, in order to register this name, we have changed this byname to Demonev, as that is the closer of the two correct byname forms to the submitted Demonov. [Nikolai Demonev, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Christiane Janssoen, the LoI documented Janssoen with the statement "Dutch name found at www.panix.com/~mittle/names/german.shtml off of a collection of Dutch trade names. (Copies provided)". This is not an adequate summarization of the submitted documentation. The page cited is a list of links to name articles. The statement in the LoI does not indicate which of the numerous articles linked on this page was the article used to document this name.
Aryanhwy merch Catmael provided an evaluation of this name:
Current evidence shows that Dutch bynames were literal in period. Since a woman cannot be anyone's son, the byname Janssoen is not registerable with a feminine given name. As the submitter allowed any changes and indicated that sound was most important to her, we have changed this to the fully English form Christiane Johnson in order to register this name. [Christiane Johnson, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Additionally, the byname was improperly constructed. The particle ui is the genitive of ua, which literally translates as 'grandson' and which later (most recognizably in the form Ó) came to mean 'male descendant of'. Bynames were used literally in Gaelic in period. Since a woman cannot be a grandson or a male descendant, her byname would take the form ingen uí [X], which means 'daughter of [a man whose byname is] ua [X]'. This form later came to have the meaning 'female descendant of'.
A fully Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this name would be Sadb ingen uí Cherbaill. We have changed the name to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Sadb ingen uí Cherbaill, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Brighid Mhor inghean uí Fhlaithbertaig, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Ireland and allowed any changes. As submitted, this name mixes Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) and Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700). In particular, the byname inghean uí Fhlaithbertaig combines the Early Modern Irish inghean uí with the Middle Irish Fhlaithbertaig, and so violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. The fully Middle Irish form of this name would be Brigit Mór ingen huí Fhlaithbertaig. We have changed the name to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Brigit Mór ingen huí Fhlaithbertaig, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | [Alternate name Emma Wulfwinesdohtor] Listed on the LoI as Emma Wulfwinedoghter, this name was submitted as Emma Wulfwinesdoghter and changed at Kingdom to follow examples of bynames found in Reaney & Wilson. The submitter requested authenticity for 7th to 11th C Anglo-Saxon and allowed any changes. Emma Wulfwinedoghter is a Middle English form of this name. The Old English form of this name is Emma Wulfwinesdohtor. We have made this change to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Emma Wolvyne, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Eíbhlín inghean Fhearghuis, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Ireland and allowed minor changes. In Irish Gaelic at this time, the genitive form of Fearghus was Fearghusa rather than Fearghuis. The lenited form of Fearghusa is Fhearghusa. We have changed the byname to use this form in order to match the submitter's requested time period. [Eíbhlín inghean Fhearghusa, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Tyrvi Úlfkellsson, the patronymic byname derived from the masculine given name Úlfkell is Úlfkelsson, not Úlfkellsson. We have made this correction. [Tyrvi Úlfkelsson, 01/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Michael of the Fray, the College found support for Fray as a patronymic byname, which would not include of the. Lacking evidence that of the Fray is a plausible period construction, it is not registerable. We have registered this name as Michael Fray, as the submitter allows. [Michael Fray, 11/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | There was some question regarding whether this byname needed to be Ælfgares sunu to match the submitted documentation, which dated the form Ælfgares sunu to 1049-58 in G�sta Tengvik, Old English Bynames (p. 149 s.n. Ælfgares sunu). Tengvik dates Æ�elfand Æ�elmæres sune to c. 1006 (p. 150 s.n. Æ�elmæres sune) and Lefstan Coccesune to 1087-98 (p. 153 s.n. Coccesune). Given these examples, the submitted Ælfgaressune is a valid variant of the documented Ælfgares sunu. [Earnwulf Ælfgaressune, 11/2002, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Additionally, the construction of the patronymic Bjórnsson is incorrect. Information on p. 18 of Geirr Bassi shows that Bjarnarson would be the patronymic byname formed from the given name Bjórn. [Ulfr blásleggja Bjórnsson, 10/2002, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Listed on the LoI as Rognvaldr Viljálmsson, the name was submitted as R{o,}gnvaldr Viljálmsson. We have corrected the given name to the submitted form. The masculine given name listed on p. 16 of Geirr Bassi is Vilhjálmr, not Viljálmr. We have corrected the patronymic byname accordingly. [R{o,}gnvaldr Vilhjálmsson, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Siobhán inghean Donn Uí Néill, Donn is a nominative form of this masculine given name. As it follows inghean, it needs to be put into the genitive form, Duinn. Because Duinn starts with a D, it does not lenite after inghean. [Siobhán inghean Duinn Uí Néill, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Nest Verch Tangwistel, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Welsh. We have lowercased the particle to follow documented examples. [Nest verch Tangwistel, 09/2002 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Kassandra Aiantos, the byname Aiantos was intended to mean 'daughter of Ajax'. The submitter requested authenticity for "1200's Greek". Metron Ariston found information regarding this byname:
As the first byname (Aiantide) suggested by Metron Ariston indicates a family claiming descent from Ajax, it is the more appropriate of these two bynames given the submitter's desired meaning of 'daughter of Ajax'. [Kassandra Aiantide, 09/2002 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Ríán MacFaoitigh. In period, Mac was not connected to the patronym in Gaelic. We have added a space to follow documented examples. [Ríán Mac Faoitigh, 09/2002 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Arabella Rosa D'Antonio, we have changed the byname to d'Antonio to follow period examples. [Arabella Rosa d'Antonio, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Guaire Mac Aengus, the byname was not in the genitive case. We have made this correction. [Guaire Mac Aengusa, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | The submitted R{�-}riksdóttir violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase, because it combines the Old Swedish or Old Danish R{�-}rik with the Old Norse -dóttir. Argent Snail provided a consistently Old Norse form of this byname:
We have changed the byname to the form Hr�ríksdóttir as suggested by Argent Snail in order to register this name. [Rannveig upplendingr Hr�ríksdóttir, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Cáelfind Ó Ruairc, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish Gaelic. Bynames were used literally in Gaelic in period. Ó is a later rendering of ua, which means 'grandson'. When inherited clan names came into use, Ó took on the meaning of 'male descendant of'. As a woman could neither be a grandson nor a male descendant, a byname such as Ó Ruairc is not registerable with a feminine given name. Appropriate forms of this byname appropriate to the early spelling Cáelfind are ingen Ruaircc and ingen hui Ruaircc (using Ruarcc, the earlier form of Ruarc). The first of these bynames indicates a daughter of Ruarcc. The second indicates a female descendant (literally the daughter of a grandson) of Ruarcc. As the latter form is closer to the submitted form of the byname, we have modified the name to use this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Cáelfind ingen hui Ruaircc, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Roan Mac Raith, Roan was documented from a translation of "a long geneology listed on pages 136-139 of The History of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating D.D. Volume II, The first book of the history from sect. XV to the end, edited with a translation and notes by Rev. Patrick S. Dinneen, M.A. London, published for the Irish texts society by David Nutt, 1908." The LoI noted that there were no dates in this genealogy and that the submitter noted that if Roan was not registerable, he would accept Rónán. The person mentioned in the cited genealogy appears in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 1, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A/) in the byname on Rotheachtaigh, mic Roain in entry M4170.1. This entry number indicates that the date referenced in this entry is approximately 4170 B.C., putting this reference well into legend rather than history. As no other evidence was found for Roan, it is not registerable. We have change the given name to Rónán as the submitter allows in order to register this name.
Mac Raith is a Gaelic masculine given name. Irish Gaelic did not use either unmarked patronymics in period, or double given names. Therefore, the expected patronymic byname based on the given name Mac Raith would be mac Meic Raith in Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) and mac Mhic Raith in Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700). This is the normal patronymic construction formed from given names that begin in Mac. While these patronymic forms existed for Mac Raith, the byname mac Mhic Raith began to be rendered simply as Mac Raith well within period. Some examples of this trend are shown in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 3, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/) which list Petrus Mac Raith in entry M1243.1 and Niocól Macc Raith in entry M1344.3. [Rónán Mac Raith, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Avice of Greylyng, Greylyng is a reasonable variant of the byname Greyling, which Reaney & Wilson (p. 203 s.n. Grayling) date to 1317 in the example of Robert Greyling. However, this entry clearly indicates that this byname derives from the Old French given name Graelent, showing that this byname is a patronymic byname, not a locative byname. We have therefore removed of (as it is not used in patronymic bynames) in order to register this name. [Avice Greylyng, 08/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Ruaidrí MacAoidh, the particle was written as a separate word from the patronymic element in Gaelic bynames in period. We have made this correction. [Ruaidrí Mac Aoidh, 08/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Donnchad mac Cathal, we have put the patronym into the genitive case as required by Gaelic grammar. [Donnchad mac Cathail, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Máel Mhuire mac Néill uá Cholmáin, the submitter requested authenticity for 7th to 9th C Irish. In the 7th C, the language used in Ireland was Oghamic Irish. Very few examples of Oghamic Irish inscriptions remain and it is not possible, with the information provided in the LoI and that found by the College, to postulate a name with the submitter's desired meaning in Oghamic Irish.
In the 8th and 9th C, the language used is Old Irish. The submitted form Máel Mhuire is a combination of Old Irish and Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700). Mixing these languages within a single element violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a single name phrase, and so is not registerable. We have changed the given name to the fully Old Irish form Máel Muire in order to register the name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. The particle uá is in the nominative case. In a multi-generational byname, only the particle indicating the first relationship (here, mac) is in the nominative case. All subsequent generations are in the genitive case (and lenited when applicable). We have changed uá to the early genitive form hui in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. The LoI stated that, "The client cares most about having an early medieval Irish Gaelic name that means 'servant of St Mary, son of Neil, clan Coleman.'" Surnames indicating a clan began to come into use in Ireland in the 10th C. Previous to that time, this style of name would have been used literally. So the name Máel Muire mac Néill hui Cholmáin, in the submitter's desired time period, would have meant that Máel Muire was the son of Niall uá Colmáin, whose name was also literal and meant 'Niall grandson [of] Colmán'. [Máel Muire mac Néill hui Cholmáin, 08/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Cellach MacFaoitigh, in period Mac was not connected to the patronym in Gaelic. We have added a space to follow documented examples. [Cellach Mac Faoitigh, 08/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Giuliana Benedetto Falconieri, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed any changes. As submitted, this name has a feminine given name followed by a masculine given name followed by a family name. The logical interpretation of this structure would be that Giuliana is the daughter of Benedetto Falconieri. An authentic form of this name for late-period Italian would be Giuliana di Benedetto Falconieri. We have made this change to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Giuliana di Benedetto Falconieri, 08/2002, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Thorstein Gullsmithr Ragnarsson, the submitter requested an authentic Scandinavian name for 700-1000 and allowed minor changes. This name was submitted as Thorstein Ragnarsson Gullsmithr. The byname order was reversed at Kingdom to follow the standard practice of placing the descriptive byname before the patronymic byname. However, switching the order of the bynames changes the meaning of the name significantly enough that it is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Thorstein Ragnarsson Gullsmithr means 'Thorstein, Ragnarr goldsmith's son'. Thorstein Gullsmithr Ragnarsson means 'Thorstein goldsmith, Ragnarr's son'. In the first order, Ragnarr is the goldsmith. In the second order, Thorstein is the goldsmith. We have returned the bynames to the originally submitted order.
We have changed the name to use '�' and '�' characters rather than the Anglicized 'Th' and 'dh', and have lowercased the descriptive byname gullsmi�r, to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [�orsteinn Ragnarsson gullsmi�r, 08/2002, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Listed on the LoI as Signy Halfdanarsdottir, this name was submitted as Signy Halfdansdottir. We have corrected the patronymic to the proper Old Norse form. [Signy Halfdanardottir, 07/2002, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | We have added a space between the particle and the patronym to follow period practice. We have also put the patronym into the genitive form as required by Gaelic grammar. [Cáel mac Dagáin, 07/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Brita Hughs, the LoI noted that she "wishes the name to be Swedish, with the caveat that she primarily wishes it to reflect her marriage to her husband, who carries the SCA name Hugh de Bardenay (recently submitted)." The College found examples of widows whose bynames indicated their husband's given name. This was done by putting the husband's name in the genitive case. It is less clear whether a woman whose husband was still living would have used this form. As we were unable to find a Swedish form of Hugh, we were unable to meet this request.
In English, the byname Hughes is a patronymic that became an inherited surname. No evidence was found that it would have indicated a husband's name. All forms of this byname that the College was able to find in period were spelled Hughes. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. A name mixing Swedish and English is registerable with a weirdness. [Brita Hughes, 07/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Submitted as Ariadne Leonida, the byname was intended to mean 'lion-like'. Kingdom felt that the byname might also be plausible as a patronymic based on the masculine given name Leonidas. However, the submitted form of the byname was not quite correct for either a descriptive meaning 'lion-like' or a patronymic based on Leonidas. Metron Ariston provided a detailed explanation of the grammar issues in this name. In summary, this name would be correct as Ariadne Leonidou, using a patronymic byname based on Leonidas, or as Ariadne Leontodes, using a descriptive byname meaning 'lion-like'. Electrum shared this information with the submitter and reported that the submitter prefers Ariadne Leontodes. We have made this change. [Ariadne Leontodes, 06/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Submitted as Marcus the Christian, all of the documentation found for Christian as a byname show it as a patronymic byname. Therefore, we have removed the from the byname. [Marcus Christian, 06/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Listed on the LoI as Eiríkr h�ggvandi Ivarrson, the submitter requested authenticity for 7th C Norse and allowed minor changes. This name was submitted as Eiríkr Ivarrson H�ggvandi and changed at kingdom to follow the more typical byname order of having the descriptive byname preceed the patronymic byname. The descriptive byname was also put into lowercase to follow the documentation.
An Old Norse patronymic byname formed from the given name Ívarr would be Ívarsson rather than Ívarrson. Geirr Bassi (p. 23) shows that the proper spelling of this byname is h{o,}ggvandi rather than h�ggvandi. We have made these corrections. Changing the order of the bynames is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Lacking documentation that the submitter approved this change, we have returned the byname order to the originally submitted order to remove this major change. In addition to the change in sound and appearance caused by the changing of the bynames, this change also changes the meaning of the byname in this case. The original order indicates that h{o,}ggvandi, meaning 'hewer' or 'herdsman', refers to Ívarr rather than his son Eiríkr. [Eiríkr Ívarsson h{o,}ggvandi, 05/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | The LoI stated that the submitter offered an alternative byname of de la Flambert and noted that de la was important to him. However, as Flambert is a given name, it cannot form a patronymic byname de la Flambert. Patronymic forms in French would be Andre Flambert and Andre de Flambert, since de was used as a patronymic marker in French. [Andre la Flamme, 03/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Caisséne ingen Scandlach, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Irish Gaelic and allowed minor changes. Scandlach is a feminine given name in the nominative case. So the submitted name appears to be a matronymic with Scandlach as her mother's name. However, the submission form documents Scandlach as "Genitive case + lenited version of Scandal", which implies the submitter intended this name to be a patronymic byname with her father's name being Scandal. The submission form confirms this in the "If my name must be changed..." section. The submitter lists "meaning" as being most important to her, and gives the meaning as "Caisséne daughter of Scandal". This meaning is authentic for her desired time and culture, where a matronymic would not be. Additionally, her name is submitted in a Middle Gaelic form. Matronymics are not registerable in Middle Gaelic:
We have corrected the byname to match the submitter's desired meaning. [Caisséne ingen Scandail, 03/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Cadhla Uá Cellacháin, no documentation was found for an accent on the 'a' in Ua. Therefore, we have removed it. [Cadhla Ua Cellacháin, 03/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Estrid Henningsdatter, no support was found for the submitted spelling of the byname. We have changed it to match submitted documentation. [Estrid Henningsdotter, 03/2002, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | [Connall O'Maccus] The submitter requested authenticity for 11th�12th C Irish and allowed minor changes. RfS III.1.a requires lingual consistency within a name phrase. The submitted O'Maccus combines Maccus, which is found exclusively in Latin citations, and the Anglicized Irish O'. So O'Maccus violates this requirement and is not registerable. Black (p. 484 s.n. Maccus) dates Robert filius Macchus to 1221. Therefore, this name would be authentic in Latin as Conall filius Macchus. Authentic Gaelic forms for his desired time period would be Conall mac Magnusa, Conall ua Magnusa, or Conall h-Ua Magnusa (this last form uses h-Ua, a variant of ua found in early orthographies in the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Tigernach). The submitter allows minor changes, and the changing of the language of a particle (here O') is usually a minor change (while changing the language of the patronym, here Maccus, is a major change). It was generally felt at the decision meeting that the change from O' to filius so significantly affected the byname in both look and sound that it was a major change. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we are returning this name. [Conall O'Maccus, 02/02, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | The particle mec is a variant of meic, the Middle Irish (c. 900�c. 1200) genitive form of mac. The form mec appears in the "Annals of Tigernach" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100002.html) and the "Annals of Ulster" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001/). [Feradach mac Congail mec Ruaidri, 02/02, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | Both Ramon and Diego are masculine given names. As explained by Gage, "The structure <given name de father's given name> is a structure found in medieval Navarese censuses. <Ramon> is a typical Catalan name; <Diego> is found throughout the peninsula." Therefore, de Diego is a patronymic byname following the pattern found in the Navarese censuses. [Ramon de Diego, 01/02, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | As Black's notation of the Gaelic form of the byname as one word is a modern convention, we have registered this byname as two words. [Jamie Mac Fionnlaigh, 01/02, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | The second problem is with the construction of the byname inghean Fhrancaigh. This byname is a hypothetical patronymic byname meaning 'daughter [of] French', where 'French' describes her father. No evidence has been found to support a Gaelic patronymic byname that is based only on a father's descriptive byname when that byname refers to a location. Lacking such evidence, this construction is not registerable. Were such evidence found, the byname would likely take the form mac an [location adjective] in a man's patronymic byname and inghean an [location adjective] in a woman's patronymic byname. Descriptive bynames are rare in Gaelic. Bynames referring to locations are a tiny subset of descriptive bynames and are, therefore, vanishingly rare. It is important to note that, in most examples of descriptive bynames formed from country references, the descriptive bynames refer to a person's manner and behavior, not his birthplace. A patronymic byname formed from both the father's given name and his descriptive byname that refers to a location has been documented. The "Annals of Connacht" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100011/), entry 1401.3, lists "Tomas mac Emainn Albanaig .i. Mac Uilliam Burc, tigerna Gall Connacht" which translates as 'Thomas son of Edmund Albanach, Macwilliam Burke, lord of the Galls of Connacht'. (Albanach is an adjective that means 'Scottish' and Mac Uilliam Burc is a chiefly title. So mac Emainn Albanaig translates literally as 'son [of] Edmund Scottish', though 'son [of the] Scottish Edmund' makes more sense in modern English.) Given this example, if the submitter chooses a given name for her father and includes that in her patronymic byname, this name would be registerable. As an example, if she chose Domhnall as her father's given name, her name would be registerable as Ailleann inghean Domhnaill Fhrancaigh, meaning 'Ailleann daughter [of the] French Donald', where 'French' is an adjective that describes 'Donald'. If the submitter decides to go with this route, whatever given name she chooses as her father's given name will need to be put in the genitive and lenited (if applicable). There was some question about whether Francach 'French' was a descriptive term that is plausible in a descriptive byname in period Gaelic. (Francach is the nominative form, which becomes Fhrancaigh when it is put in the genitive case and lenited.) The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 5, entry M1516.7 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/), includes "ridire Francach" (meaning 'French knight') as part of the text. This documents the use of an adjective meaning 'French' in period. Vol. 3, entry M1246.9 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/), lists "Albert almaineach airdespuc Ardamacha", which documents a descriptive byname meaning 'German'. Vol. 6, entry M1599.28 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005F/), lists "Domhnall Spainneach mac Donnchaidh, mic Cathaoir Charraigh Chaomhánaigh", which documents a descriptive byname meaning 'Spanish'. Given the examples of descriptive bynames meaning 'German' and 'Spanish', and the documentation of an adjective in Gaelic meaning 'French', a descriptive byname with this meaning is reasonable. [Aileann inghean Fhrancaigh, 01/02, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | [inghen] We have changed the patronymic to a form consistent with examples in the Annals of Connacht. This source also includes examples of the spelling inghen which seems to be a conservative spelling of the standard inghean. [Temair Brecc inghen Choluim, 01/02, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | The construction [feminine given name] + a Mac- style surname is documented in Black (p. 471 s.n. MacClumpha), which lists Joneta Makgillumquha in 1406, dating this construction to at least that early. [Maut MacAlpin, 01/02, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Submitted as Faruk Abd AllRahman, the submitter allowed any changes. The documentation cited supports 'Abd al-Rahman as an masculine given name. No evidence was presented and none was found for names constructed only of two given names or of unmarked patronymics in Arabic. We have added the patronymic particle ibn and modified the spelling of the byname to match the submitted documentation in order to register the name. [Faruk ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, 12/01, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Submitted as Selim Murad, Murad was documented both as the name of a river and as a masculine given name. As neither unmarked patronymic bynames nor unmarked locative bynames have been documented in Turkish, this name is not registerable in the submitted form. We have added the particle ibn to make this a marked patronymic. The submitter requested an authentic 14th C Ottoman Turk janissary's name. As both Selim and Murad were the names of Ottoman Turkish sultans (though none of the sultans named Selim had a father named Murad), the name may be authentic for his desired time and culture. However, given the small amount of knowledge available regarding the names of janissaries, we do not know if this name is authentic for a janissary. [Selim ibn Murad, 12/01, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Giorgio Bilotti de Argentina, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Italian and allowed any changes. As Kraken stated, While each element is documented, the specific ordering is not, and for good reason: In the cases where both patronymics and surnames are found in the same name, the patronymic comes first. We have reversed the order of the bynames to correct this problem. [Giorgio de Argentina Bilotti, 11/01, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The only documentation provided for Nickerson was from a genealogy webpage. As genealogy sources routinely normalize spellings, they are not suitable for documentation of SCA name submissions on their own. Without independent evidence that Nickerson is a period surname, it is not registerable. The closest dated form found was Nickeson, which is dated to 1601 in Hitching and Hitching References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602. We have therefore used this spelling. [Calum Nickeson, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The LoI documented the name Shena from Withycombe (s.n. Jane). However, while Withycombe dates the name Jane to the 15th C, regarding Shena, she says, The Gaelic form of the name is S�ne (phonetically rendered as Sheena or Shena); Irish is Séadna. When discussing non-English names, Withycombe is usually referring to modern forms. No documentation was provided and none could be found that any form of Shena, S�ne, etc. was used in period. Without such documentation, the name is not registerable. [Shena the Red of Ravenhurst, 11/01, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Aaron di Paladini, the submitter allowed any changes and wanted something as close to his mother's byname as the College will allow. Her more-than-decade-old unregistered name is Joanna de Paladin. Paladin is found as a given name in "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" by Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek (http://s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/). Standard patronymic bynames formed from the given name Palidin would take the forms Paladini or di Paladin. Some records use de in patronymic bynames in Italian. For example, "Appendix III: The 1364 Statues of the Confraternity of Santa Croce" in James R. Banker, Death in the Community, lists Andrea de Donato (p. 227) and Romano de Martino (p. 231) among others. Given this information, Aaron de Paladin is registerable. [Aaron de Paladin, 11/01, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | There was some discussion regarding the combination of elements in this name. David was documented as an English given name. Lorkin was documented as an English surname which was originally a patronymic byname derived from the given name Lorkin, a diminutive of Lawrence. O'Dea was documented as an Anglicized Irish surname. Use of more than one surname is registerable in both English and Anglicized Irish so long as the combination is plausible.
What is considered "plausible" has to be evaluated on a case by case basis according to the combination in question. For example, Richard the Black the Gray is documentable as a given name followed by two bynames. However, the combination of two descriptive bynames whose meanings are at odds with each other is not plausible. The question with this submission is whether the combination of an English surname derived from a patronymic byname followed by an Anglicized Irish surname that is also derived from a patronymic byname. Generally, this combination does not seem plausible, as they seem to be at odds with each other. Happily, the element Lorkin in this name can be viewed as a second given name since Lorkin was a diminutive of Lawrence. Therefore, this name is registerable. [David Lorkin O'Dea, 10/01, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Submitted as Dùnchadh mac Gabhann, no evidence was found that the particle an was dropped from the byname in period Gaelic. As such, we have added it to this byname. [Dùnchadh mac an Gabhann, 10/01-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Listed on the LoI as Ceara ní Líadnáin, the name was originally submitted as Ceara ní Líadain. Because the submitted byname was a matronymic using the feminine given name Líadan, it was changed at kingdom to use the masculine given name Líadnán. The ban on matronymics in Gaelic was overturned in the July 2001 LoAR and instead ruled a weirdness. Any additional weirdness would make a name using a matronymic construction unregisterable.
Upon further review, the few examples of matronymics in Gaelic that are currently known are in Irish Gaelic and date from after 1200. Therefore, barring examples that such constructions were used in Old Irish or Middle Irish, matronymics are only registerable for Early Modern Irish Gaelic (after 1200). A matronymic construction using name elements dated only to before 1200 would add a lingual disparity and make the name unregisterable. Since the only dated examples that have been found for any forms of the names Ceara and Líadan date from before 1200, the originally submitted name had two weirdnesses and is not registerable. Therefore, we have retained the change from matronymic to patronymic as made at kingdom. The particle ní was not used in Gaelic in period. The pre-1200 form is ingen uí and the post-1200 form is inghean uí. We have changed the particle to be linguistically consistent (as required by RfS III.1.a) with Líadnáin which is a pre-1200 spelling. This name has one weirdness for mixing the post-1200 spelling Ceara with the pre-1200 ingen uí Líadnáin. [Ceara ingen uí Líadnáin, 10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Submitted as Óláfr Úlfbrandsson, names that end in -brandr form patronymics with the ending -brandarson. We have corrected this byname accordingly. [Óláfr Úlfbrandarson,10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | The particle ní was not used in Gaelic in period. The pre-1200 form is ingen uí and the post-1200 form is inghean uí. We have changed the particle to be linguistically consistent (as required by RfS III.1.a) with Líadnáin which is a pre-1200 spelling. [Ceara ingen uí Líadnáin, 10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Upon further review, the few examples of matronymics in Gaelic that are currently known are in Irish Gaelic and date from after 1200. Therefore, barring examples that such constructions were used in Old Irish or Middle Irish, matronymics are only registerable for Early Modern Irish Gaelic (after 1200). A matronymic construction using name elements dated only to before 1200 would add a lingual disparity and make the name unregisterable. [Ceara ingen uí Líadnáin, 10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Black (p. 492 s.n. MacFarlan) gives Mac Pharlain as a Gaelic form and dates Malcolm Mcpharlane to 1385. Precedent requires that when a Gaelic byname is used, it agree in gender with the given name since bynames were used literally in Gaelic. Since Mac Pharlain is a masculine form, it cannot be registered with a feminine given name, since a woman cannot be anyone's son. As the client allows changes and has stated a preference for a "Ph" spelling, MacPharlane, as suggested on the LoI, is a Scots spelling that would meet her wishes. [Maura MacPharlane, 10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Using a Mac-style byname with a feminine given name is a pattern seen in late period Scots, mainly in records that refer to a woman by her father's byname. Black (p. 471 s.n. MacClumpha) dates Joneta Makgillumquha to 1406, dating this construction to at least the early 15th C. [Maura MacPharlane, 10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Listed on the LoI as Mariia Elisiova Zezemina doch', the correct feminine patronymic form of the masculine given name Elisei is Eliseeva. We have made this change. [Mariia Eliseeva Zezemina doch', 09/01, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Submitted as Elzbieta Rurikovna, the ending -ovna indicates that her father was named Rurik. Her forms say that she intends the name to mean that she is the wife of Rurik, which would take either the form Elzbieta Rurikova zhena ("Elzbieta Rurik's wife") or Elzbieta Rurikovskaia ("Rurik's Elzbieta"). As the latter is closer to her originally submitted form, we have made this change. [Elzbieta Rurikovskaia, 09/01, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Listed on the LoI as Sibán inghean Ragnall, the name was originally submitted as Sibán ingen Ragnall. The form ingen is the early form of the particle and more appropriate to the submitted form of Ragnall, so we have returned it to that spelling. We have also put the byname into the genitive form, Ragnaill, as required in a patronymic byname. [Sibán ingen Ragnaill, 09/01, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | Submitted as Aleksandra Ekaterina Romanovna, the submitter requested authenticity for Russian language/culture. Nebuly best summarizes the authenticity issues with this name:
The name has two serious oddities that prevent it from being an authentic Russian name, as the client wishes. First, as Paul Wickenden has said many times, period Russian restricted use of the -ovna ending to royalty; the standard ending would be -ova. Secondly, the submission has a double given name. Wickenden (p. xvii-xviii) notes that there are records with apparent double given names, but the pattern is to have a Christian given name followed by a native Russian given name, and consensus is that the native Russian name was probably the commonly used name. We would thus need to drop one of the given names to meet her desire for an authentic name.[Aleksandra Ekaterina Romanova, 08/01, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | Submitted as Kaaren Håkonsdóttir. ... As the submitted form combined Old Norse and 15th C Swedish, it violated RfS III.1.a by mixing languages. To clear this problem, we have changed the patronymic to the 15th C Swedish form Håkonsdotter as that is closer to the submitted byname than the Old Norse form Hákonardóttir. [Kaaren Håkonsdotter, 08/01, A-West] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.07 | Submitted as Sorcha ní Mhaoláin, the byname had a particle that was only used in an Anglicized context with a Gaelic-form name. We have changed the byname to an entirely Gaelic form. [Sorcha inghean uí Mhaoláin, 07/01, A-Calontir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.03 | Submitted as Morwenna ferch y Pennaeth Ceinewydd, the name means Morwenna daughter of the chieftain of Ceinewydd. This, unfortunately, violates Rfs VI.1: Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous. We have therefore dropped the patronymic. [Morwenna Ceinewydd, 03/01, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.12 | Submitted as Flannait Sibéal Ni hIighnigh, we have no evidence that double given names were used in Gaelic names in period. We have therefore dropped the second given name, as well as changed the post-period ní to a period patronymic construct. [Flannait inghean uí hEighnigh, 12/00, A-Meridies] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.12 | Submitted as Siobán Ó Fidhne, the name had a feminine given name and a masculine form of the patronymic. We have changed the name to be entirely feminine. [Siobán inghean uí Fhidhne, 12/00, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.10 | Submitted as David Warren Rufier of Monmouth, the name has a given name, two unmarked patronymic bynames (Warren and Rufier) and a locative byname. This kind of construction does not follow known period naming practices � a double surname where both were derived from given names and a locative byname is quite unlikely. However, according to Dauzat, Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille et des prénoms de France, the name Rouffier may come from a descriptive byname meaning 'scab'. We have, therefore, changed Rufier to the similar-sounding Rouffier so that the name is composed of a given name followed by a patronymic, descriptive and locative byname. This combination, while uncommon, is registerable. [David Warren Rouffier of Monmouth, 10/00, A-Trimaris] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.08 | Submitted as Onóra nic Catháin, nic only appears in Anglicised spellings. As we do not allow mixed-spelling name elements we have changed the patronymic (and thus the entire name) to be consistently Gaelic. [Onóra inghean mhic Catháin, 08/00, A-Meridies] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.08 | Submitted as Muirenn ingen Darragh, the byname mixed Anglicized and Gaelic spelling. As Bordure put it,
Woulfe (p. 494 s.n. Ó Dara) lists Darragh as a modern Anglicized form of the name. As such, using it with ingen violates RfS III.1.a, "Each phrase must be grammatically correct according to the usage of a single language." [Muirenn ingen Dara, 08/00, A-Atlantia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.06 | Of the Scots variants of Alan, the -eyn spellings are all in French constructions and thus not be appropriate in a Gaelic byname construction. ... Either Alexandria nic Allayn or Alexandria Alleyn would be possible. [Alexandria nic Alleyn, 06/00, R-Calontir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.06 | [Silvestre Rodriguez de Oliveira] Submitted as Silvestre Rodriguez Gonçalvez de Oliveira, the submitter requested an authentic Portuguese name for about 1200. However, a combination of a given name followed by two patronymics and a locative byname is excessive for Iberia during most of our period, let alone this early. We have therefore dropped the second patronymic. [Cadwan Galwiddoe of Redmarch, 06/00, A-Atlantia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.03 | In Gaelic, the patronymic marker mac can only be used with a masculine name; this needs the feminine patronymic marker inghean instead. Additionally, Mairead is a 20th century form of the given name; the late period Máirghréad would be acceptable. [Mairead MacLabhrain, 03/00, R-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.03 | Submitted as Roscelin the Silversmith's Daughter, no one was able to find evidence of patronymics formed in such a manner. We therefore changed the patronymic to a form consistent with a form found in 1379: Agnes Taylour-doghter (Bardsley, Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Taylorson). [Roscelin Silversmith-doghter, 03/00, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.02 | Submitted as Hrothgar Hrothgarsson, Hrothgar is the Anglo-Saxon form of the name so cannot be used with Norse grammar.[ Hróðgierr Hróðgierson, 02/00, A-Artemisia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.02 | This byname is justifiable as a patronymic surname derived from True Mark. Surnames derived in the same way, including Jolirobin, Godedick, and Litelwatte, are found in Reaney, The Origin of English Surnames. [Andras Truemark, 02/00, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.01 | Briana is SCA compatible. Submitted as Briana MacConmara, the surname is Gaelic, and, as such the gender of the patronymic is incorrect. If we corrected the gender of the patronymic, then the name would have two weirdnesses: mixed English and Gaelic orthographies and the use of an SCA compatible name. [Briana MacNamara, 01/00, A-Atlantia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.12 | [Culloch MacUalraig] The documentation for Culloch did not show that it was a given name. Not all names used after mac in Irish or Scottish Gaelic are given names. In this case Culloch appears to be a descriptive byname. [Culloch MacUalraig, 12/99, R-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.11 | Submitted as Eliza O Coileain, while mixed Gaelic/English spellings are allowed, we still require that the grammar of the Gaelic patronymic be correct. We have therefore substituted an appropriate Anglicized form of the byname. [Eliza O'Culane, 11/99, R-Atenveldt] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.11 | ... there is no evidence that unmarked patronymics were used in Old English names. [Æðelwulf Omundes sunu, 11/99, A-Trimaris] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.10 | In all known period examples of multiple surnames consisting of a patronymic and a locative, the patronymic invariably appears before the locative. [Juan Lázaro Ramirez Xavier, 10/99, A-East] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.08 | The submitter should be informed that the use of ní is modern...[Muirenn ní Ailbe, 08/99, A-Artemisia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.07 | ... there are no known examples of a patronymic ending in -ovna that do not immediately follow the given name. [Tatiana Gordeevna Kazimirova, 07/99, A-Atenveldt] |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.05 | [Katerina Kristanovna Volokhova vnuka] Submitted as Katerina Kristanovna Volokhovna vnuka, patronymics ending in -ovna cannot include vnuka after it. Therefore we have dropped the n in Volokhovna to make it conform to proper Russian grammar in order to register the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR May 1999, p. 4) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.04 | [Jocelyn ni Morgunn] This is being returned for construction problems. Jocelyn is a distinctly English form and it does not seem to have migrated to Ireland so there is no Irish form parallel to it. Morgunn is Welsh and takes ferch not ni. Since she will not take major changes we are forced to return this, but the most logical and registerable form for this name would be Jocelyn Morgan. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1999, p. 16) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.11 | [Myfanwy ferch Gerald] Found on the LoI as Myfanwy ferch Gerallt, it was originally submitted as Myfanwy ap Gerald, and changed in kingdom because it was felt that the use of ap or ferch needed a Welsh name. However, late period Welsh used ap and ferch with English names, so we have restored the patronymic to the originally submitted form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1998, p. 4) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.10 | [Ceara ingen an Fear-fearainn] According to the LoI the byname was intended to be Irish meaning "daughter of the landholder/landed farmer. However, while there are some Gaelic bynames formed from occupations, there are very few, and none are of this type. Barring documentation that occupational bynames were formed from occupations of this type, this must be returned. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1998, p. 13) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.10 | [Gerbrich Syth dochter] A very good job was done in documenting the Frisian name. However, the element Syth needs to be put in the genitive case, per the following exemplars: Marie Wouters 1460 (Marie, daughter of Wouter), Bele Henrix Scillinx dochter 1389, Lijsch Menne dochter (1511). In each instance the patronym takes the genitive case. The name Syth is an i-stem feminine name, and should take an '-e' in the genitive, to make Sythe. However, the submitter does not allow changes, so we have returned the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Brigit inghean ui Dhomhnaill] Submitted as Brigit inghean ui Domhnaill, the patronymic needed to be aspirated. We have done so. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Cassair ní Dheoráin] Submitted as Cassair ní Deorain, the patronymic needed to be aspirated. We have done so. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [István Nyiregyhazi] The question was raised as to which is the appropriate form for Hungarian names, with the given name first or the byname first. Hungarian names may be registered with either the given name or byname as the first element, except when the byname is an unmarked patronym or metronym. In that case, the byname should follow the given name; this is consistent with Hungarian practice through the mid 16th century, and should help to avoid future confusion. Our thanks to Lord Walraven van Nijmegen for providing this information for us. [For a longer discussion of this ruling see the Cover Letter to the August 1998 Laurel letter.] (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998, p. 7) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Ivan Ivanov syn Dmitriev] Submitted as Ivan Ivanov Syn Dmitriev, we have corrected the capital S in Syn to match the documented form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Katerina Dmitrieva] Submitted as Katerina Dmitrievna, Dmitrievna is an out of period form. We have substituted the closest period form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Vanya Shakhmatnikov] Submitted as Vanya Shakhmatistov, Shakhmatistov was glossed to mean the chessplayer. According to Escutcheon the submitted form is probably out of period. More importantly he was able to provide us with a dated form, used as a name, from his dictionary. We have made the necessary change. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | The question was raised as to which is the appropriate form for Hungarian names, with the submission for István Nyiregyhazi. Should the given name go first or the byname first. Hungarian names may be registered with either the given name or byname as the first element, except when the byname is an unmarked patronym or metronym. In that case, the byname should follow the given name; this is consistent with Hungarian practice through the mid 16th century. (Jaelle of Armida, CL with the August 1998 LoAR, p. 2) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.07 | [Grigorii Borislav Kuropatva syn] Submitted as Grigorii Borislav Kuropatva Syn, according to Escutcheon syn should be in lower case. We have made the appropriate correction. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.07 | [Keyna Aherne] Submitted as Keyna nic Aherne, this is an Anglicized name which incorporates the patronymic element into the byname. Therefore, we have dropped the inappropriate nic. |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.07 | [Ruadhan ÓFaoláin] Submitted as Ruadhan O'Faoláin, the LoI misspelled O'Faoláin by using a O' instead of Ó. We have corrected this. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.07 | [Téarlach MacDonnachaidh] Submitted as Téarlach Donnachaidh, Gaelic does not use unmarked patronymics. Therefore we have put the byname into the patronymic form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1998, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Brigid ingen Loingsigh] Submitted as Brigid Ó Loingsigh, the patronymic needs to be changed to match the gender of the given name. We have done so. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1998, p. 9) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Cellach ni Thighearnaigh] Submitted as Cellach ni Tighearnaigh, the patronymic needs to be lenited. We have done so. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Conchobhar Ó Loingsigh] Submitted as Conchobar O'Loingsigh, the correct Gaelic form of the patronymic is Ó Loingsigh. We have made this correction and we have corrected the spelling of the given name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Cúán mac Seanáin] Submitted as Cúán mac Seanán, the patronymic was not correctly put into the genitive. We have corrected this. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Lóchán mac Alsandair] Submitted as Lóchán Alsandair, Gaelic does not use unmarked patronymics or double given names. We have put the byname into the proper patronymic form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Máire inghean Dhúncháin mhic Oisdealbhaigh] Submitted as Máire ní Dúncháin mhic Oisdealbhaigh, it was incorrectly put into the genitive. We have corrected this. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Sigrid Bríánsdotter] Submitted on the LoI as Sigrid Bríansdotter, it left off an accent in the patronymic. We have corrected this. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Fiona ní Dhraighneán] Submitted as Fiona O Draighneán, for Gaelic names the entire name has to be internally consistent as to gender. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 2) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Fiona Nidonochowe] Submitted as Fiona ni Donogh, the patronymic was incorrectly constructed. We have put it into the correct form (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.01 | [Cerian Dafydd] Since Welsh does in fact use unmarked patronymics we are removing the ferch and restoring the name to the form originally submitted. ((Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1998 p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.09 | Italian does not form unmarked patronymics. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1997, p. 1) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.08 | It appears that the submitter has been misled by an inexactitude in Black: Nicgriogair is not Gaelic for 'daughter of Gregor', but rather for 'daughter of the MacGregor'. 'Daughter of Gregor' would be inghean Ghriogair. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1997, p. 23) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.06 | [registering Tymm Colbert le Gard] Submitted as Tymm Gard Colbert, this name had a severe problem. When in a medieval English name a patronymic and an occupational byname are found together, the patronymic invariably comes first. It's actually questionable whether the occupational byname is really part of the name or merely an indication of the bureaucracy's need to identify individuals unambiguously, since it is generally set off either by a comma or by the definite article. We have correct the name to the period form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1997, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.04 | [registering Tomás ó Niallagáin] Submitted as Thomass Niallagan, there are several problems with the name. First this name combines Gaelic and English orthographies in the same name. ... Moreover, Irish doesn't use unmodified given names as bynames: he may be a descendant of Niallagán, but that fact has to be indicated in the usual way, with mac or Ó. We have substituted the closest Gaelic name to what was submitted. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1997, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.02 | Submitted as T_riq Yaz_d, both elements of this name are isms, or given names. Period Arabic cultures did not do this, and the usage has been grounds for return in the past (Nasr Hasan ibn Muhammad Abdullaziz, Calontir, 11/93 LoAR). We have added ibn, making him the son of Yazîd: Târiq ibn Yazîd. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1997, p. 16) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.01 | Gaelic adjectival bynames do not take the definite article so we have removed the article an. Additionally, the patronymic was incorrectly put into the genitive; we have corrected this. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1997, p. 12) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.12 | [Ivar Snaebjorn] Old Norse does not use unmarked patronymics, so the proper ON name formed from these elements would be Ívarr Snæbjarnarson. The Old Norse nickname for ice bear (polar bear) is hvítabjörn, not snaebjorn. Since the submitter refuses to take changes, we have no choice but to return the name. [This suggests that either problem is sufficient reason for return.] (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1996, p. 14) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.07 | Information has been provided showing Cellini to have been used as a man's given name in period. Therefore, di Cellini becomes an acceptable patronymic form. (Giovanni di Cellini, 7/96 p.2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.11 | Gaelic naming practice seems not to use unmarked patronymics. (Black's article on Lachlan in The Surnames of Scotland has a couple of apparent examples of such surnames, but they occur with English given names and can safely be ascribed to English usage. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.10 | [registering the patronymic Haraldson] Haraldsson is the usual Old Norse form, but there are a few examples showing loss of the genitive marker -s. (Mikjal Haraldson, 10/95 p. 10) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.05 | Submitted as Gytha Yale O' Comhraidhe, Irish family names did not use identical forms of the patronym for all members. In period, the form of the patronym in Irish depended on the gender of the bearer. In other words, in Irish Ní Chomhraidhe is exactly the same surname as Ó Comhraidhe; it's just that women and men use that surname in slightly different forms (as, for example, in Russian). The fact that the client's mother has registered O' Comhraidhe does not help here, since the given names registered to her are masculine, making O' Comhraidhe the correct form of the patronym. (Appeal to other members of the extended family who have also registered O' Comhraidhe does not help here, since the grandfather clause applies only to immediate family members, as has been noted in several prior Laurel precedents.) (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR May 1995, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.01 | [Valentine fitz Katherine] Sufficient documentation for the general form of <fitz> <mother's name> was presented to show a practice of this pattern. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR January 1995, p. 11) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.11 | Submitted as Kendric, son of Godric, the comma is not a period usage, and we have dropped it here. Though, as many commenters noted, Kendric Godricsone, Kendric Godrich, Kendric Godricsson, or Kendrick Godricessune would be much likelier, the examples cited of Alexander sone of Sperling (Ekwall, p. 129), Philip son of Godive (Selten, p. 85), and Geoffrey son of Edric (Selton, p. 70) lend sufficient support to this form. (Kendric son of Godric, 11/94 p. 3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | [N, son of M] The use of commas in registered names has been disallowed since at least the February 1990 as being unattested in period names. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR September 1994, p. 16) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | Irish usage doesn't seem to allow either double given names or unmarked patronymics. In some cases we have been able to get around the problem by interpreting the second element as a nickname, but it is not possible to do so here: as a nickname Rígán could only be `sub-king, chief', which would fall afoul of RfS VI.1. ("Names Claiming Rank - Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous"). There was also a ríga(i)n `queen or noble lady', which would go better with Mór but which is equally problematical. However, Rígán definitely was a personal name, so there seems to be no bar to her being Mór ingen Rígáin, `Mór daughter of Rígán'. However, the addition of patronymic particle and resultant change to the genitive seemed to us to be larger changes than she allowed on the submission form. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR September 1994, p. 16) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.08 | The form of the byname (Fitz<mother's name>) does not seem supported by the evidence. All of the documented names formed on forenames are formed on masculine ones. The exceptions that were noted were not formed on forenames at all: Henry fis le Rey ("son of the King") and FitzEmpress (the latter cited in the LoI). Neither of these support the form of the byname submitted. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR August 1994, p. 21) [Overturned in the LoAR of January 1995, p. 11] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Registering Evita Maria da Lombardia.] Submitted as Evita Matia di Lombardia, the ... Italian preposition used with places is "da" ("di" is used to form patronymics). [5/94, p.3] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Returning Eibhlin Niccluir.] The "patronymic" is unattested in the documentation. The only variant discussed in the documentation (dated to 1637) is Makcluir. Further, as an anglicized variant it is unlikely to have been combined with a Gaelic borrowing of the Norman Avelina and Emeline. The combination of two unlikely components is sufficient to cause return for rework and/or better documentation. [5/94, p.18] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12a | [Fearghus Ó Siadhail] Submitted as Fergus ó Siadhail, the name was modified to correct the grammar by better matching the spelling of the given and the byname temporally. [12a/93, p.3] |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.05 | [Diego Florez Mendez] The use of the double surname is documented to the late 13th Century: e.g. Pedro Fernandez Vermudiz, 1244. It's acceptable here, since both Florez and Mendez are patronymic forms; the submitted name means "Diego, son of Floro, son of Menendo." (Diego Florez Mendez, May, 1993, pg. 6) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.01 | In asking commenters to present documentation on Gaelic patronymics (LoAR cover letter of 3 Aug 92), I'd hoped to reach a final synthesis based on research. Results of that research to date have supported our current policy: that, for purely Gaelic patronymics, masculine constructions should not be used in female names. (A handful of examples were offered of female names in masculine constructions --- but they all seem to be anglicized forms, not pure Gaelic forms.) I'd be delighted if counter-evidence were presented --- I all but got down on my knees and begged for such counter-evidence to be presented --- but none has been received to date. As our current policy is based on evidence, so must any change in policy be based on evidence. (Katherine ni Cheallaigh of Skye, January, 1993, pg. 19) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.01 | The patronymic was submitted as Ó Ceallaigh, with the LOI stating that the submitter "strongly prefers the Gaelic spelling." Her forms, however, also request us to amend the grammar and spelling to be correct for that language. The use of the patronymic particle Ó with a Gaelic name is a purely masculine construction, so far as we can tell from any evidence presented. We've substituted a feminine construction [ní Cheallaigh], with the patronymic aspirated accordingly.
The change described above is our current policy on Irish patronymics; this submission was presented, in part, as an appeal of that policy. The appeal was supposed to have been based on period usage, but little evidence was presented in support: The LOI refers the reader to the client's previous submission (West LOI of 4 April 92). That LOI, in turn, refers to an LOC by Lord Habicht, 10 Nov 88. That LOC, in its turn, refers to a biography of Grania O'Malley (Anne Chambers' Granuaile) which "gives a listing of the many ways that Grania Ui Mhaille's name was rendered in both Gaelic and English records" --- without citing names or dates. At this point, the appeal has gone beyond the bounds of "evidence" into the realm of "folklore". In asking commenters to present documentation on Gaelic patronymics (LoAR cover letter of 3 Aug 92), I'd hoped to reach a final synthesis based on research. Results of that research to date have supported our current policy: that, for purely Gaelic patronymics, masculine constructions should not be used in female names. (A handful of examples were offered of female names in masculine constructions --- but they all seem to be anglicized forms, not pure Gaelic forms.) I'd be delighted if counter-evidence were presented --- I all but got down on my knees and begged for such counter-evidence to be presented --- but none has been received to date. As our current policy is based on evidence, so must any change in policy be based on evidence. The submitter may be ní Cheallaigh (purely Irish) or O'Kelly (anglicized Irish), but without real documentation to support the construction, she may not be ...Ó Ceallaigh. (Katherine ní Cheallaigh of Skye, January, 1993, pg. 19) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.12 | When used as a patronymic particle, the Welsh merch mutates to ferch. There are some early-period texts where the particle didn't mutate in its written form, but did in its spoken form --- i.e. written "merch" but still pronounced "ferch". We've changed the submitter's spelling, to better match the correct pronunciation; she may resubmit with merch if she wishes, but it seemed best that she do so with full knowledge of its orthoepic niceties. (Rhonwen ferch Alun, December, 1992, pg. 13) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.10 | [Asbjornsson] Though Asbjarnarson is the standard patronymic form for Old Norse, there are period examples (e.g. Bjornsson) of this variation. (Thorsteinn Asbjornsson, October, 1992, pg. 10) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | [MacFlandry] The surname does not appear to be correctly constructed. The LOI attempted to justify MacFlandry as meaning "son of the man from Flanders". There are examples in Black of MacX surnames, where X is an ethnic name: e.g., MacBrabner, "son of the Brabanter", and MacBretny, "son of the Breton". Based on those names, we could accept "son of the man from Flanders" --- but unfortunately, the term for "man from Flanders" is Fleming, which sounds nothing like Flanders (or Flandry). The surname de Flandre, also cited in the documentation, means "of Flanders"; Mac (de) Flandre would mean "son of Flanders", which (except in a metaphoric sense) is impossible. Either Lyulf de Flandry or Lyulf MacFleming would be a valid construction; MacFlandry is not. (Lyulf MacFlandry, September, 1992, pg. 43) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | According to Lord Palimpsest, [in Irish Gaelic] while the particle Ó prefixes an h to the following vowel, ni does not. (Caitriona Keavy ni Ainle, September, 1992, pg. 4) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | Particularly for the old Irish form used here, Mag is a masculine particle, and cannot be used with the feminine name Eórann. (Eórann MagUidir, September, 1992, pg. 45) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.08 | [Magnidottir] Magni is indeed the genitive form of Magnus --- in Latin. The correct form of the name would be either Magnadottir (if her father is Magni) or Magnusdottir (if her father is Magnus) [name returned as submittor permitted no corrections]. (Ingfridh Magnidottir, August, 1992, pg. 30) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.08 | Pending a full discussion of Irish patronymics (called for in last month's LoAR cover letter), I am taking the grammatically correct route: female names should use the female patronymic particle. (Briana Nig Uidhir, August, 1992, pg. 3) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.08 | The byname was submitted as ap Tiernon. This is not a valid variant spelling of the documented ap Teyrnon, according to Lady Harpy. We have substituted the documented form. (Llewellyn ap Teyrnon, August, 1992, pg. 16) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.08 | The submitter's documentation gives the surname as Ó Ceallaigh, not O'Cellaigh; the construction O'[name], with an apostrophe, is used with anglicized forms [name retured as submittor permitted no changes]. (Rolan O'Cellaigh the Gentle, August, 1992, pg. 25) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.07 | Two of July's name submissions sparked a debate on acceptable style for Irish patronymics --- as opposed to grammatically correct style, not quite the same thing --- with Lord Dragon taking one position in the debate and Lord Habicht the other. As far as I can follow the debate, the first position holds that Irish patronymics have a correct grammar which must be used; and, in particular, this means:
1. O'[given name], with an apostrophe, is an anglicized form, and should use the anglicization of the given name. If the Irish spelling of the given name is desired, the correct form is Ó [given name], with a fada. The two forms should not be mixed: O'Connor and Ó Conchobhair are correct, but not Ó Connor or O'Conchobhair. 2.Ó [given name] and Mac [given name] are pure patronymics, used by male descendants of [given name]; they should not be used by female descendants, who have their own particles (Ui, ni). Females wishing to use O or Mac should employ the anglicized forms, which were used during and after the transition from pure patronymics to family surname: either, say, Mor ni Chonchobhair or Mor O'Connor, but not Mor Ó Conchobhair. The second position holds that, while the above statements are grammatically correct, they were not as strictly followed as grammarians might like; there were, in fact, so many grammatical violations in period that it makes no sense to adhere to the above rules. Combinations of Irish particles with anglicized names (and vice versa), or feminine given names with "male-form" patronymics, were commonly used in period; and we should permit them in Society names as well. I'm undoubtedly over-simplifying both positions enormously --- and perhaps gotten some details wrong, too --- but I hope I've correctly portrayed the essence of each argument. My forte isn't onomastics, so I must rely on the advice of the onomasticists in the College. Cases that require changing (or even returning) an Irish name will depend on which of these arguments I follow. I don't want to make unnecessary changes to submitted names; but I don't want to condone incorrect practice, either. This sort of debate is best settled by period evidence. Lord Habicht tells me he's compiled evidence that women did use "male-form" patronymics; Lord Dragon tells me he has documentation for his side as well. Other knowledgeable parties in the College may likewise have evidence to present. I urge everyone, therefore, to publish their findings and viewpoints within the next few months. It would be nice if we could end the year with this matter discussed and settled, once and for all [Policy adopted while waiting follows Lord Dragon's view]. (3 August, 1992 Cover Letter (July, 1992 LoAR), pp. 3-4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.03 | "Lord Treblerose... documented Norse patronymics in period using the genitive 's' as well as their more 'correct' genitive forms. Thus Bjarnisson is as acceptable as the technically more correct Bjarnasson." [overruling LoAR 1/92 p. 5] (LoAR 3/92 p.4). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.03 | [Asbjarnarson] "Submitted as... Asbjornson. The name has been modified to correct the grammar of the patronym. Laurel is hesitant to extend the allowance made for Bjornsson to include compound names without more period evidence for support." [overruled LoAR 3/92 p.4] (LoAR 1/92 p.5). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.02 | [Nunneschild] "Lord Dragon has documented this kind of formation for the byname." (LoAR 2/92 p.3). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.01 | [Asbjarnarson] "Submitted as... Asbjornson. The name has been modified to correct the grammar of the patronym. Laurel is hesitant to extend the allowance made for Bjornsson to include compound names without more period evidence for support." [overruled 3/92 p.4] (LoAR 1/92 p.5). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1991.04 | [MacGunther] "Given the citation from Forssner's Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England of Gunter, Gonther, and Gonter as given names, this usage with a Scots patronymic becomes much more reasonable." [the name was registered] (LoAR 4/91 p.8). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1991.03 | [FitzMungo] "The documented names FitzNeill and Fitzpatrick, as only two examples of mixed Norman/Gaelic patronymics, lend credence to this usage." (LoAR 3/91 p.1). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1991.01 | "The name MacLeer ('son of Leer') should not be used in connection with sea symbology because it will appear to be a claim to descent from the sea god Lir." (LoAR 1/91 p.27). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1990.11 | "The use of 'ap' in a feminine name is late period usage and not all that common, but not unheard of." (LoAR 11/90 p.5) "Lady Harpy lent some support for the use of a Welsh patronymic particle with the Old English Ulfin." [the name was registered] (LoAR 11/90 p.5). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1990.06 | "The Scottish patronymic particle [Mac] was sometimes used with an English given name." (LoAR 6/90 Symposium pps. 1-2). |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1989.12.31 | [A commenter] has documented ... the less usual but permissible usage of unmutated "merch" in a name. (LoAR 31 Dec 89, p. 12) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1989.05.24 | The usual Anglo-Saxon feminine patronymic ending was "dohtor". (LoAR 24 May 87, p. 8) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1988.08 | [O'Drake] As the patronymic particle does not seem to have been used with English surnames in this manner, we have dropped it. (LoAR Aug 88, p. 12) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.08 | [ferch Ollam] "Ollam" is a rank of bard and is not appropriate for a patronymic in the Society. The submittor's own documentation defines the word to mean "a learned man of the highest rank" so that the use of the patronymic may be interpreted as a claim to rank and therefore fall afoul of NR13. (LoAR Aug 87, p. 12) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.07.26 | As [Name] is a family name derived from a place name, the patronymic particle [Mc] is inappropriate. (LoAR 26 Jul 87, p. 6) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.05.24 | If [a name] can be prefixed by the patronymic particle Mac, it can be prefixed by the more generalized particle "O". (LoAR 24 May 87, p. 9) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.04.26 | The use of the Norman French patronymic [fitz] with an English occupational name [Smith] finds no support. (LoAR 26 Apr 87, p. 2) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.03.29 | "Merch" regularly mutates [to "ferch"] when used as a feminine patronymic particle. (LoAR 29 Mar 87, p. 2) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.03.29 | Both my predecessors have with great consistency upheld the rule that both elements of a patronymic name must be derived from the same language or a language combination that would demonstrably have occurred (e.g., "mac" plus an English given name form in the Lowlands of Scotland). (LoAR 29 Mar 87, p. 19) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.03.29 | The genitive of the masculine personal name, which shows possession or descent, usually aspirates in Scots Gaelic where this is possible. This phenomenon is obscured in some modern sources ... but is regular in older texts.... (An irreverent sociological theory from one of the Laurel staff: the exceptions to the aspiration of the genitive of the proper name after a patronymic particle are more frequent when the individual is male suggesting that, while daughters were always property, sons only sometimes were!) (LoAR 29 Mar 87, pp. 9-10) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1987.02.28 | The form of the patronymic is not correct since the particle [ap] is Welsh and "[Name]" purely English. (LoAR 28 Feb 87, p. 22) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1986.12.28 | By the documentation provided in the letter of intent "[Name]" is itself a patronymic derived family name and so it is inappropriate to precede it by the patronymic particle. (LoAR 28 Dec 86, p. 10) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1986.10.26 | The patronymic on the original submission ... is compounded of the French patronymic "Fitz" and the Old German (not Anglo-Saxon, as stated in the letter of intent) given name "[Name]". It was the consensus of opinion in the College that the conjunction of the two languages here is unlikely and violates the rules on combination of languages in a single name. (LoAR 26 Oct 86, p. 3) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1986.09.27 | [T]he name Maire was hardly ever used in the period before the seventeenth century, there being a general feeling in Irish circles that the name was too sacred for everyday use. (In fact, the name Mary only really became popular in Ireland in the nineteenth century when it was the usual anglicising of the old Irish name "Mor".) In period circumlocutions like "Gilla Mhuire" (servant of Mary) were commoner so that a patronymic like "mac Giolla Mhuire" would actually be more accurate [than macMhuire] for period Ireland. (LoAR 27 Sep 86, p. 7) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1986.09.27 | Since the submittor indicated that the name should be Old Norse, I have modified the patronymic [(Name)datter] to the proper Old Norse form [(Name)dottir]. (LoAR 27 Sep 86, p. 2) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1986.09.27 | The original submission of the name change [to "Thorin [patronymic]"] was returned because the name Thorin was held by Laurel to be an exclusively dwarven name both in Tolkien and in Norse myth and therefore not eligible for use in the Society. The submittor has presented an impressive array of arguments in support of his position that the name is in fact compatible with the period ambience which we are trying to create and that the bulk of the populace would not (and in fact do not) feel that he was claiming dwarven descent by using the name. Taken by themselves, they add only plausibility to the argument that the name could have been used in period for a human. The existence of the Irish patronymic form "O Torain" cited by MacLysaght (Surnames of Ireland, p. 288), which would derive from a nominative form of "Torin" argues that it was actually used. Therefore, acceptance of this name should not be taken as a general precedent for non-human names in the Society. (LoAR 27 Sep 86, p. 2) |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1986.03.09 | [N. Thorwynsson.] Batonvert refers to this kind of patronymic as "Anglo-Scandinavian". Apparently, Old Norse/Anglo-Saxon hybrids were not uncommon in period. We see no problem with the name. [BoE, 9 Mar 86, p.4] [The byname takes a component from each language.] |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1985.07.14 | A patronymic is formed from the father's given name, not his surname: the son of William Struan is called Wilson, not Struanson. [BoE, 14 Jul 85, p.16] |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1984.12.16 | Ni is used with a given name to form a patronymic; according to Batonvert, sept names take O. [BoE, 16 Dec 84, p.3] |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1984.11.24 | Mac takes the genitive form of the given name. [BoE, 24 Nov 84, p.5] |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1984.11.24 | Nic becomes ni before a consonant, and the name following is in the genitive case and aspirated. [BoE, 24 Nov 84, p.7] ["Nic" is the Gaelic patronymic particle, meaning "daughter of".] |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1984.10.31 | [The Welsh] Merch 'daughter of' mutates to ferch following a given name. [BoE, 31 Oct 84, p.7] |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1982.02.26 | "You can be daughter of someone, you can be of or from a place, [but] you cannot be daughter of a place. Period. It is poetic and wrong." [EoE] WVS [63] [LoAR 26 Feb 82], p. 1 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1982.02.26 | To use a surname to form a patronymic can indicate bastardy. WVS [63] [LoAR 26 Feb 82], p. 7. [I am not aware of any reputable source that bears out this claim.] |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1981.08.13 | You do not use your father's epithet as a patronymic. You use his given name. WVS [50] [LoAR 13 Aug 81], p. 10 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1981.07.29 | Having a surname and a patronymic is improper in English usage. In particular, the patronymic uses only the father's given name. WVS [48] [LoAR 29 Jul 81], p. 4 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1981.05.12 | Patronymics must use a period patronymic form and the father's name must itself be in keeping with period practice. WVS [41] [CL 12 May 81], p. 4 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1981.02.24 | Given names and place names may be used as surnames, with or without prepositions or patronymics. WVS [35] [CL 24 Feb 81], p. 5 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1981.02.23 | You cannot use two given names in a patronymic. You can be "nic M." or "nic N.," but not "nic M. N." WVS [36] [LoAR 23 Feb 81], p. 6 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1980.07.21 | N. is a surname. You are not the son of the father's surname, but the son of the father's given name. WVS [21] [LoAR 21 Jul 80], p. 11 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1980.04.14 | Be cannot be of N., because the N. was a creature and you cannot be of a creature unless you are an offspring of it, which I do not think M. is claiming to be. WVS [15] [LoAR 14 Apr 80], p. 1 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1980.01.22 | Halftrollson is an accepted Viking nickname indicating fierceness, and not parentage. Halfelfson would not be acceptable. WVS [9] [LoAR 22 Jan 80], p. 5 |
| Karina of the Far West | 1979.06.30 | [N. Thorsson.] Between the patronymic and the charge [a hammer], no way. We are all mortals here and none of us can claim to have a god for a father unless he can prove it, and we take a lot of convincing (KFW, 30 Jun 79 [25], p. 66) |
| Karina of the Far West | 1979.06.30 | A father's human-type name, not epithet, goes in the patronymic. (KFW, 30 Jun 79 [25], p. 73) |
| Karina of the Far West | 1979.06.30 | Skallagrim, Bald-Grim, was a real person and what sons he had are known. Take another surname or patronymic and resubmit. (KFW, 30 Jun 79 [25], p. 68) |
| Karina of the Far West | 1978.08.17 | Llyr is a Celtic god; you cannot claim to be his son. (KFW, 17 Aug 78 [21], p. 7) |
| Karina of the Far West | 1978.08.17 | Of course he can't be "Odinsson" without proof of his parentage. (A few ash leaves in midwinter?) (KFW, 17 Aug 78 [21], p. 9) |
| Karina of the Far West | 1978.03.10 | We'd rather ignore the forty-generation patronymic he included with the name. (KFW, 10 Mar 78 [18], p. 7) |
| Karina of the Far West | 1976.06.16 | [N. Thorsen.] In medieval Scandinavian usage, this means that his father's given name was Thor, which was not the practice. Compounds such as Thorgeir, Thorkild, etc., were used. Modern Thorson is a contraction of Thorgeirsson, Thorkildsson, etc. Note that the s is doubled. (KFW, 16 Jun 76 [6], p. 11) |
| Harold Breakstone | 1972.08.05 | [N. Odinsson.] Let him submit a history form documenting whose son he is, or change his name. (HB, 5 Aug 72 [56], p. 1) |