| Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Mathildis De'Ath, the byname De'Ath was documented as a header spelling in Reaney and Wilson. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. Reaney and Wilson regard the derivation of the byname from "de Athe" as plausible, but spend far more time giving good solid English derivations from "death" and "deeth". In addition, neither Reaney and Wilson nor Bardsley give any dated examples using the apostrophe. We have, therefore, changed the byname to the form Death, dated in Reaney and Wilson to the time of Edward I, and in Bardsley to 1598. [Mathildis Death, 05/04, A-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Constance inghean Conchobair, the patronymic mixes a Middle Irish Gaelic patronymic with the Early Modern Irish Gaelic patronymic particle. In addition, Gaelic grammar requires that patronymics beginning with the letter C must lenite or soften when used as part of a feminine name. Therefore, we have changed the name to Constance ingen Chonchobair to make the patronymic temporally consistent and to correct the grammar.
This name mixes English and Gaelic orthographies in a single name; this is one step from period practice.[Constance ingen Chonchobair, 05/04, A-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Emma Idunn, this name combines an English given name and an Old Norse given name. Because Old Norse does not use unmarked patronymics, Idunn is not a properly formed byname. The properly constructed Old Norse form would be Idunsdottir.
To make this name registerable, the byname must either be changed to a close English form or to the properly constructed Old Norse form. Because a name mixing Middle English and Old Norse is one step from period practice, we have changed this name to Emma Idone, an all English form. Unmarked patronymics are common in English. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, dates this spelling of the byname to 1327. The change from Idunn to Idone is also a smaller change in sound and appearance than the change from Idunn to Idunsdottir. [Emma Idone, 05/04, A-Aethelmearc] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Jonah Mac Coghlan, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C Irish and accepted minor changes. However, Jonah is documented as a post-Reformation English name. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. Mac Cochlain, notes M'Cochlane and M'Coghlane as late period Anglicized forms of this name. We have changed the name to Jonah M'Coghlane to comply as much as possible with his request for authenticity. [Jonah M'Coghlane, 05/04, A-Atlantia] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | This name combines English and Gaelic elements in a single name; this is one step from period practice. The double given names Caitlin Christiana are grandfathered to the submitter, whose name Caitlin Christiana Rosa del León was registered in 1987. The Grandfather Clause allows a submitter to register name elements from a previously registered name, so long as they are used in the same manner and exactly the same spelling as in the previously registered name and no new violations of the Rules for Submissions exist in the new name that did not exist in the registered name. Therefore, we must ask if the changes in byname and name construction introduce a new violation of the Rules for Submission that was not present in the original submission. They does not. Instead, the change from Rosa del León to Wintour reduces the number of languages in this name. Therefore, this name is registerable via the Grandfather Clause. [Caitlin Christiana Wintour, 05/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | This name was justified as a constructed English placename; however, the constructions are not plausible as submitted. Two possible derivations were presented by the submitters and the College to explain this construction, but neither held up under scrutiny:
We would change this name to one of the forms suggested above. However, the group will not accept changes. [Rivermoor, Shire of, 05/04, R-Trimaris] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Sayna of Lincoln, the submitter requested authenticity for a 12th century English Jewish woman. We have changed the name to Sayna de Lincolne to partially comply with this request. Layamon's Brut, written in the first half of the 13th C, has several examples of this placename spelled Lincolne. Barring evidence that Sayna was a given name used by Jewish women in England, we cannot say whether this name is authentic for a Jewish Englishwoman. [Sayna de Lincolne, 05/04, A-An Tir] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | This name combines English and German elements, which is one step from period practice. Some commenters wondered whether Rheinfels was a period spelling for this name, but no one found a period citation for this undoubtedly period castle. Therefore, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt for the spelling of the byname. [Godfrey von Rheinfels, 05/04, A-Atenveldt] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | While not in itself a reason for return, the name mixes English and Spanish, which is a step from period practice. The given name, Isabella, was documented from Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Given Names. Unfortunately, Withycombe is an unreliable source for names outside of England. The Spanish form of Isabella is Isabel or Ysabel; the name is found in these spellings from the 13th through the 16th C. If the submitter is interested in an authentic Spanish name, we suggest that she use one of these spellings. [Isabella Maria-Magdalena Fernandes de Chaves, 05/04, R-Trimaris] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | The byname Stoneheart is not an epithetical name constructed on period English naming patterns. The documentation presented two arguments. The first argument was that this might be a variant of the surname Stannard. However, neither Reaney and Wilson nor Bardsley show a variant of this name ending in -heart. The second argument was that it was a similar constuction to the pattern hard-object+body-part, such as Ironfoot. However, no examples of stone-+bodypart were found, nor were examples of mineral-+-heart. [Eve Stoneheart the Wagand, 05/04, R-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | This name mixes an English place name with an otherwise Scots name; such a mixture was declared one step from period practice in September 2001. However, many Scots name forms are identical to English name forms. Furthermore, many of the standard sources used by the SCA College of Arms, including the Oxford English Dictionary and Reaney & Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, make no distinction between English and Scots forms. We are therefore overturning this precedent, and declaring that names combining Scots and English forms are no longer considered a step from period practice. [Michael Duncan of Hadley, 04/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | The name combines English and Flemish. Barring documentation of such combinations, this is one step from period practice. [Rosalind Ryne, 04/04, A-Lochac] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | This is returned because the documentation in Reaney & Wilson states specifically that Sealeaf is a modern form. Reaney and Wilson claim only a very speculative derivation from period citations. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) states that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. Reaney and Wilson date a form of this name, Seloue, to 1308. However, as this changes both the sound and appearance of the name, it is judged to be a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Elizabeth Sealeaf, 04/04, R-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | The submitter requested authenticity for English language/culture and allowed minor changes. The OED lists the spelling Egyptian referring to a gypsy in 1609 and from the late 14th C onward dates various forms of the word as an adjective. [Rebecca the Egyptian, 03/04, A-Meridies] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | Mixing Gaelic and English orthography in the same name is vanishingly rare and is considered one step from period practice. [Eithne of Brechin, 03/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | Some commenters questioned whether Blue was a reasonable descriptive byname. Bardsley, s.n. Blew, lists Blue in the header, dates Henry Blewe to the 16th century, and cites le Blue as an earlier form. [Robert the Blue, 03/04, A-Ealdomere] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | Submitted as Willeam of the Green Pants, the OED dates the first occurrance of the word pants to 1846. Barring evidence that the word pants occurs before 1600, it cannot be registered. Since the submitter will accept all changes, and since he obviously wants to be identified by his green pants, we have changed the byname to Grenetrewis, a hypothetical descriptive byname constructed from two 16th century Scots words, grene (green) and trewis (trews). [Willeam Grenetrewis, 03/04, A-West] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | The form of the byname is also problematic. In February 1998, Laurel disallowed called the X style bynames in English. Lacking evidence of this style of byname was used in English names in our period, this construction continues to be a reason for return. [Karolyne, called the Wanderer, 03/04, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Aveline de Longueville, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C Anglo-Norman and allowed minor changes.
Regarding the submitted byname, the LoI stated only:
This statement is not documentation for the submitted byname as it does not provide supporting evidence that Longueville is a location in Normandy, even modernly. Several members of the College researched this byname in order to aid the submitter. They found that Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Longueville) date Henry de Longauilla to 1185, Henry de Longavill' to 1229, and Thomas de Longevill to 1336. Based on these examples, de Longavilla is a likely form for her desired time period. No evidence was found for a Longue- form before 1509 (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Longueville). We have changed the byname to the form de Longavilla in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Aveline de Longavilla, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | [...] This name includes a Hungarian masculine given name, Lorand, in an otherwise English name. Lacking evidence of significant contact between speakers of Hungarian and English in period, a name combining these languages is not registerable.
The submitter indicated that sound was most important to him. Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/paris.html) lists Lorent de Tongues. As a name combining English and French is registerable, we have changed the Hungarian Lorand to the French Lorent to resolve the lingual combination issue in order to register this name. [Sabin Lorent Axstell of Mordaf, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Jocelyn Alexandra Axstall of Mordav, the submitter requested a female name and allowed any changes.
The documentation provided for the elements Jocelyn and Alexandra in the LoI was the statement that they were "listed at the Hundred Years War game site at <http://www.hyw.com/books/history/Legitima.htm>". This site is a particularly poor resource for our purposes and should be avoided. In the case of the name Jocelyn, all evidence found by the College showed that this name was only used as a masculine given name in period. Lacking evidence that Jocelyn was used as a feminine given name in our period, it is not registerable as a feminine given name. No documentation was provided to support Axstall as a variant of the documented Axstell. Lacking such evidence, Axstall is not registerable. We have changed this element to the documented form Axstell in order to register this name. No documentation was provided at all, either in the submission or in the LoI, for the element of Mordav. Black Pillar found that Ekwall (p. 330 s.n. Morda) dates the form Mordaf to 1295. As the submitter indicated that sound was most important to her, we have changed the submitted byname to use this form in order to register this name. This name combines a masculine given name, a feminine given name, an inherited surname, and a locative byname. The combination of the masculine and feminine given names is a problem:
Similarly, the submitted combination of Jocelyn Alexandra as given names is not registerable. As the submitter requested a feminine name, we have dropped the element Jocelyn in order to register this name. [Alexandra Axstell of Mordaf, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Ophelia Le Lavendere, there was some question regarding which forms of this byname would have been used in a woman's name in period.
The form la Lavendere 'the Laundress' would be the typical spelling used in a woman's name in 13th C England. Both la and Lavendere are feminine forms. Reaney & Wilson (p. 273 s.n. Lavender) show an example of this byname in the name Ysabelle la Lauendere, which they date to 1253. The corresponding masculine byname was le Lavender. An example of this form may be found in Bardsley (p. 471 s.n. Launder) in the name Peter le Lavender, which he dates to 1273. As the English language evolved, and byname usage also evolved, some variations are found, mainly in the forms bynames took when used in a woman's name. Documented examples include Ralf la Lavendere dated to 1268 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Lavender). This name shows a masculine given name with the feminine byname form la Lavendere. Cecelia la Lavender is dated to 1273 in Bardsley (p. 471 s.n. Launder). This example shows the feminine particle la with the masculine form Lavender. Examples of a woman's given name combined with a masculine form of a byname were discussed in the December 2001 LoAR:
These examples support a feminine given name combined with a byname that has a fully masculine form. However, no support was found for combining the masculine article le in an otherwise feminine byname. Therefore, support was found for Ophelia la Lavendere (fully feminine byname form), Ophelia le Lavender (fully masculine byname form), and Ophelia la Lavender (feminine article la, masculine form Lavender), but no support was found for Ophelia le Lavendere (masculine article le, feminine form Lavendere). Of these options, Ophelia le Lavender best retains the pronunciation that most modern English speakers would expect when seeing the submitted Le Lavendere. (In Middle English, the final e in Lavendere was not silent. Instead, it was pronounced approximately as a soft "eh" or "uh" sound.) As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed this byname to the form le Lavender in order to register this name. [Ophelia le Lavender, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Shire of Bull Pytt, the submission mixed the Old English pytt with the late period English Bull. This combination is not registerable, as it violates RfS III.1.a, which require linguistic consistency within a name phrase (such as a placename). Siren was able to suggest possible registerable forms:
As Bull Pitte is the closest plausible Middle English form to the submitted Bull Pytt, we have changed the submitted name to that form to register it. [Bull Pitte, Shire of, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Sudentor was submitted as Middle English with the documentation:
However, there are a couple of issues with the proposed form Sudentor. First, the example of Sudendune dated to the Domesday Book is Old English (or a Latinized form of an Old English placename). It is not Middle English. Second, the cited examples of Dunstore and Eofede torr support -tore as the second element in a dithematic placename and torr as the second word in a two element placename. Neither supports -tor as a Middle English deuterotheme (second half) of a dithematic (two-element, one-word) placename. As a result, the submitted form Sudentor is actually a mix of Old English and Middle English. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Therefore, this name must be changed to a fully Old English or a fully Middle English form in order to be registerable. Ekwall (s.n. Siddington) dates the form Sudingdone to 1286, showing Suding- as a Middle English form of the earlier Suden-. Therefore, a fully Middle English form of this name would be Sudingtore. Ekwall (s.n. Dunster) dates the form Torre to the Domesday Book. Therefore, Sudentorre would be a form of this name consistent for the language of the Domesday Book (mainly Latinized Old English). Of these two forms, Sudentorre is closer than Sudingtore in sound and appearance to the submitted Sudentor. As the submitters allow minor changes, we have changed this name to the form Sudentorre in order to register this name. [Sudentorre, Canton of, 03/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | This name is being returned for having two weirdnesses.
Iror is documented as an Old Norse masculine given name in Geirr Bassi (p. 12). As such, it is undated but appropriate for up to approximately 1100. The word insane was documented as an English word dated to 1550. Therefore, this name has one weirdness for combining Old Norse and Middle English and one weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. Any changes we could make in order to register this name would involve a complete change of the byname. The College found a number of options that may interest the submitter. As there are multiple options, and the form gives no indication of what is most important to the submitter, we are returning this name and providing the information found by the College so that the submitter may choose how he wishes to proceed. A ruling found in the January 1997 LoAR lists a number of period Middle English bynames with similar meanings to the Insane:
A name combining the Old Norse given name Iror with one of these bynames would have one weirdness for combining Old Norse and Middle English in a single name, but would not have a weirdness for temporal disparity since the elements would be dated less than 300 years apart. Therefore, such a name would be registerable with only one weirdness. [Iror the Insane, 03/2004, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Bryan Gard of Yale, Yale was documented as an undated English placename. However, the College was unable to find evidence of a place that was known by the name Yale prior to 1600. Lacking such evidence, the byname of Yale is not registerable.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 507 s.n. Yale) dates Madog Yale to 1391. Therefore, we have dropped of in order to register this name using the form shown by Reaney & Wilson. [Bryan Gard Yale, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Tristan Wrexham, the submitted spelling of the placename was undated. The submitter provided a variety of dated forms, but none justified the modern spelling Wrexham as a plausible period form. Therefore, we have changed the placename to the dated form that most closely matches the submitted spelling. [Tristan Wreccesham, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Aelfwynn of Whitby, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C English and allowed any changes. The submission form stated, "Submitter has used this form of the name for a long time; she'd appreciated it if spelling could be retained."
The form Ælfwynn is an Old English name, used by the Anglo-Saxons, which Searle (pp. 29-30 s.n. Ælfwynn) dates to the 10th C. No evidence was presented and none was found to support Aelfwynn as a variant spelling of Ælfwynn. Lacking such evidence, the form Aelfwynn is not registerable. A Middle English form of the name appropriate for the submitter's desired time period is Aluina, dated to 1206 in Talan Gwynek's "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/). Whitby is the modern form of this placename, and may be a plausible spelling for the 16th C. Ekwall (s.n. Whitby) dates the forms Witebi to the Domesday Book, Witebia to c. 1100, Witeberia to c. 1150, Witebi to c. 1190, and Hwitebi to 1104-8. As submitted, this name combined the Old English name Ælfwynn (note that the name uses an aesh, Æ, not Ae-) with of Whitby, which uses a placename form that is dated to the 16th C or later. This name had one weirdness for combining Old English and Middle English within a name. Since the form Ælfwynn is dated no later than the 10th C and the form Whitby is dated no earlier than the 16th C, this name also had a weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. The combination of these two weirdnesses made the submitted form of this name unregisterable. Based on this information, Aluina of Witebi would be a fully Middle English form of this name appropriate for the submitter's desired time period of the 12th C. Since the submission form indicated that the submitter wished to retain the submitted spelling, we have made the minimal amount of changes necessary to register this name. The form Ælfwynn of Witebi combines the documented 10th C Old English form of the given name with a 12th C Middle English form of this byname. We have changed the name to this form to remove the weirdness for temporal disparity in order to register this name. [Ælfwynn of Witebi, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | [House Bell and Frog] Submitted as House Bells and Frog, all of the examples found by the College of English sign names with the form [item] and [item] had both items as singular, rather than plural, even in cases where there were multiple items of one on the associated image. Therefore, lacking examples of plural items in sign names of this type, we have changed the plural Bells to the singular Bell in order to register this name. [Sely Bloxam, 02/2004, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | [House of the Three Crescents] Submitted as House of the Triple Crescent, no documentation was presented and none was found to support the use of words such as Double or Triple in English sign names in period, rather than simple numbers such as Two or Three. Lacking such evidence, House of the Triple Crescent is not registerable.
We have changed this household name to House of the Three Crescents, as allowed by the submitter, in order to register this name. [Rabah az-Zafir, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Wulfwyn atte Maeldun, the documentation showed the placename as Mældun, not Maeldun. We have made this correction.
This name combined the Middle English atte with the Old English placename Mældun and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed atte to the Old English æt in order to make the byname fully Old English and register this name. [Wulfwyn æt Mældun, 01/2004, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | The LoI noted that the submitter originally submitted the form Sam rather than Samuel. As that is the case, the submitter may wish to know that a period diminutive Samme was found by the College. Aryanhwy merch Catmael explains:
[Samuel Tynker, 01/2004, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Rohesia Moreleigh, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C English and allowed minor changes. No documentation was presented and none was found that Moreleigh is a period form of this placename. The LoI stated that "Moreleigh is cited from P.H. Reaney & R.M. Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, pg 314, sub Morley, dating Moreleigh to 1377." This statement is in error. The name dated to 1377 at this location in Reaney & Wilson is Thomas Morleigh. We have changed the submitted byname to Morleigh to match this documentation and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Rohesia Morleigh, 01/2004, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | [Alternate name Molle Blythe] Submitted as Molly Blythe, no evidence was found of the form Molly in period. However, Metron Ariston found support for the form Molle:
As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the period form Molle in order to register this name. [Maria Alegreza Nicoletti, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Listed on the LoI as Milissent Heathwait, this name was submitted as Milissent du Heathwait. The article du was removed at Kingdom as none of the documented examples of this byname contained an article.
An additional problem with the submitted byname du Heathwait was that it combined the French du 'of the' with Heathwait, which was documented as the modern English form of a location in England. The combination of French and English in a single name phrase violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. No evidence was found that an Hea- spelling of this placename is plausible in period. A number of forms of this placename were found dated to period, including in Ekwall (s.n. Heathwaite), which dates the form Haithwait to c. 1175. We have changed this byname to the English form de Haithwait in order to resolve these issues and to make this name sound more like the submitted form (as the submitter indicated that sound was most important). [Milissent de Haithwait, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Engelbert was documented as the name of a saint who was born in 1185. However, the Web site used for documentation of this name merely lists saints. Many such sources routinely normalize the names of saints and, so, do not support the headers used for saints' names as appropriate spellings in period, even for the time period in which that saint lived. The College found support for the spelling Engelbertus in France dated to a917-42. Engelbert is likely a vernacular form of Engelbertus. The section "From Pelican: Regarding the Registerability of Saints' Names", in the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR, explains the conditions under which saints' names are registerable, including:
No evidence was provided and none was found that Englebert was used later than the 10th C, even as a reference to this saint. Lacking such documentation, Englebert must be evaluated as a 10th C French name. While documentation was presented showing that pious was a word in 1603, no documentation was presented and none was found that the word pious was used before 1600. Descriptive bynames using words documented only to late period or just post-period are problematic. By the 16th C, inherited surnames had replaced literal descriptive bynames. Therefore, it is highly improbable that (1) a literal descriptive byname would have been used circa 1600, and that (2) it would have used a word new to the English language. At this time, descriptive bynames of this type are registerable on a case by case basis depending upon the plausibility of the byname in question. As a result, this name combines a 10th C French name with a circa 1603 English descriptive byname. There is no weirdness for combining French and English in a name. Therefore, this name has a single weirdness for combining elements with a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years and is registerable. [Engelbert the Pious, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | [Heraldic title Blanc Gryffon Herald] Submitted as Blanc Gryphon Herald, The OED (s.n. Griffin) dates a number of spellings of this word to period including Griffon (1300s), Grifphon (1386), Griffoun (1400), Greffon (1435), Gryffon (1481), and Griphin. Further information from the herald for whom this title is intended indicates that, based on this information, she would prefer the period spelling Gryffon. We have made this change. [Ansteorra, Kingdom of, 12/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Estrilda Le Siffleur, no documentation was presented and none was found supporting the byname as two separate words, both of which are capitalized. Therefore, we have lowercased le in order to follow documented forms of this type of byname and register this name. [Estrilda le Siffleur, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Grimmbrand the Hound Keeper, the spelling of the given name was justified based on words found in a dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. While the words grimm and brand are related to the name elements, the spelling grimm is not found in names. Instead, all the Anglo-Saxon names that the College found use Grim-. We have made that change to register the name.
Boar documented a byname meaning "one who takes care of hounds":
As no evidence was presented nor could any be found that the word keeper was used in period bynames to describe people who cared for animals, the Hound Keeper cannot be registered. We have therefore changed this name to the documentary form found by Boar. [Grimbrand Hundeman, 12/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Bathsheba of Zigana, the submission form shows that this name was submitted as Bath-Sheba Zigana. [...]
Bathsheba was documented only as a name used in the Bible (Book of Samuel 11:3). Biblical names are registerable on a case by case basis according to the plausibility of their use in period. Metron Ariston provided information regarding documented period forms of this given name: [Bathsheba of Zigana, 12/2003, R-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | The only information provided on the LoI for this submission was:
This is inadequate and erroneous documentation. It is unclear where this documentation came from since the submission form contains no documentation at all. Reaney & Wilson (p. 372 s.n. Raven) do not date the form Raven to 1185. Rather, the form dated to 1185 in this entry is Rauen. No information was given as to why a placename of Oakwood is plausible based on the examples of Oakhurst and Oakleaf. Also, no documentation was provided for either Oakhurst or Oakleaf. As a result, they cannot support a hypothesized Oakwood, leaving the byname of Oakwood completely undocumented as submitted and as represented on the LoI. A further error in the LoI was the complete failure to note what changes the submitter would allow. In this case, the submitter allows no changes - which dramatically affects the options that the College might research. We would remind submission heralds that proper summarization of forms, including changes allowed by the submitter and requests for authenticity, is required as part of the LoI. Improper summarization of a submission is cause for return of that submission. The College of Arms has a limited amount of time and all of us are volunteers. Asking the College to evaluate names based on incomplete or entirely missing data is both unfair to the College and a disservice to the submitter. Members of the College researched the elements of this name in an attempt to aid the submitter. Aryanhwy merch Catmael provided information supporting elements of this name:
Orle provided other information supporting a form of Oakwood as a placename in period:
As no documentation was presented and none was found that the spelling Oakwood is plausible for a placename in period, we would have changed the submitted byname of Oakwood to one of the forms recommended by Aryanhwy or Orle in order to register this name. However, as the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to alter the byname to one of these forms. [Raven of Oakwood, 12/2003, R-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | The registerability of Brother as a given name was the topic of much discussion during the commentary process.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 68 s.n. Brothers) dates the names Broder, Brodor, and Brodre to 1066. As they are listed as single element names found in the Domesday Book, they are almost certainly used as given names. This entry also dates Willelmus filius Brother to 1202 and says that this name derives from:
While the use of this name in reference to kinsman and a guild member is as a descriptive byname, the existance of given name forms, including those cited from the Domesday Book, support the plausibility of Brother as a given name form. Additionally, E. H. Lind, Norsk-Isl�dska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namm fr�n Medeltiden, column 171, lists an entry for the given name Bróðir and lists examples of forms of this name found in the 14th and 15th C, providing additional support for forms of this name used as given names. Based on this information, Brother is plausible as a given name form in period. As such, it is registerable when it does not appear to be a form of address. When used as a form of address, Brother is still not registerable (as is true for all forms of address), though the submitter may use it:
In this case, Brother does not appear to be a form of address because it is followed by Liston, which can only be a locative byname or an inherited surname. Therefore, Brother must be the given name in this submission. [Brother Liston Brounyng, 11/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Dwynwen of Eldestawe, the byname was documented from O.J. Padel's Cornish Placenames. However, this source is not on the no-photocopy list and no photocopies of this information were included. As the College was unable to confirm that the information was as cited, this byname cannot be registered.
While the submitter allows only minor changes, she explicitly allowed her byname to be changed to the modern form Padstow if the submitted form could not be registered. As Padstow is found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (map of Cornwall, map dated to 1610), it may be registered in that spelling. We have, therefore, made this change. [Dwynwen of Padstow, 11/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Normand Hauberker, the only evidence for Normand as a given name is Reginaldus filius Normandi (dated to 1220 in Reaney and Wilson s.n. Norman). The many citations of Normand as a byname are derived from a descriptive byname, not the given name. However, it is not clear if this Latinized form reflects a given name Normand or is influenced by the locative byname spelling. All documented vernacular forms and all other Latinized forms clearly support the spelling Norman. Barring clearer evidence, Normand is not registerable as a given name.
The submitter hypothesized an occupational byname Hauberker, for a person who makes hauberks. However, there is an occupational byname for someone who makes hauberks, Hauberger or Haubergier, derived from the French term. We have changed the byname to a documented period form in order to register this name. [Norman Hauberger, 11/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Emelyn le Settere, this name was submitted as Emelyn la Settere. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English, and the byname was changed at Kingdom to match documented forms for that time. However, the College was able to find 14th C examples of women's occupational bynames using the article la, including Alice la Sopere and Alice la Goldar, from The Taxpayers of Medieval Gloucestershire: An Analysis of the 1327 Lay Subsidy Roll with a New Edition of its Text, and Emma la Sapere in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Soper). Given these examples, Emelyn la Settere is an authentic name for 14th C England. Therefore, we have changed this name back to the originally submitted form. [Emelyn la Settere, 11/2003, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Fortune Fetherstone, the name was submitted as Ffortune Ffetherstone. Initial ff- normally appears in English documents with both letters in lowercase and in fact appears to be a notation equivalent to F-. However, Metron Ariston was able to find evidence that the spelling Ff- was used in the late 16th century, for example in the record "Alison Ffetherston, wyffe of Silvester Ffetherstone was buryed the xth daye [of February 1586]" (from a scanned transcription of a nineteenth-century publication of the parish register of All Saints, Roos, Holderness in the East Riding of Yorkshire for the period 1571 through 1679 at http://www.pcug.org.au/~bthompso/roos/p18-37.txt). While it is possible that the editor changed the capitalization, this is sufficient to give the submitter benefit of the doubt, particularly since the -ff- notation is also used in the middle of the word wyffe. [Ffortune Ffetherstone, 11/2003, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as William Scott of Blackwater Fen, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for 15th C England. The College could find no evidence of locative bynames formed from multi-word placenames. A person from Blackwater Fen would have simply been known as of Blackwater. Therefore, we have made this change in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [William Scott of Blackwater, 11/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Gunnora Lovitt of Bucknell, no evidence was presented nor could any be found that the submitted spelling Bucknell was found for this placename in period. The closest form that the College could find was the spelling Buchnell found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (map of Shropshire) in 1610. We have changed this name to this documented form in order to register this name. [Gunnora Lovitt of Buchnell, 11/2003, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | No evidence was presented, nor could any be found, that Bearcroft is a plausible period spelling of the place documented as Bercroft in 1274 (Reaney and Wilson s.n. Barcroft). Siren said:
As the submitter allows no changes, we cannot change the byname to one of the forms suggested by Siren in order to register this name. [Gareth Bearcroft, 11/2003, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Charles of Amesbury, this name was submitted as Friar Charles de Amesbury, Wiltshire. The name was changed at Kingdom to match available documentation.
Friar falls into the same category as Brother. Both are titles or forms of address which carry no implicit assertion of rank. Brother as a form of address was recently discussed:
Similarly, this submitter is welcome to use Friar as his preferred form of address. A man whose byname indicated he was from Amesbury in Wilshire would have been called simply de Amesbury or of Amesbury. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed this byname to de Amesbury to use a construction documented to period while retaining the submitter's indicated meaning for his byname. [Charles de Amesbury, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Sely Bloxsom, no documentation was presented and none was found that Bloxsom is a plausible period variant of Bloxam. Bloxam is dated in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Bloxam) to 1279 in the name of Alexander de Bloxam. We have changed the byname to use the period form Bloxam in order to register this name. [Sely Bloxam, 10/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | The submitter requested authenticity for Ireland, but allowed no changes. This submission combines a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) given name with an English byname that is plausible for the late 13th C or early 14th C. In period, a child of mixed Anglo-Norman and Gaelic parentage would have had his name recorded completely in Gaelic or completely in English (or Anglicized Irish) depending upon the language of the record in which his name was recorded. Additionally, while evidence has been found of Anglo-Norman given names being adopted into use by Gaels, evidence has not yet been found of Gaelic given names being used in families with Anglo-Norman surnames.
Lacking evidence that the name elements Cael and Saunders were in use in Ireland during the same time period, and lacking evidence that Gaelic and English would have been combined in period in this manner, this name is not authentic for the submitter's requested culture. [Cael Saunders, 10/2003, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Arthur of Ballan Moor, the submitter allowed minor changes only. The placename Ballan Moor was justified as the modern name of a ruined castle in Wales. The College could find no documentation that the name was used in period.
However, it is possible to construct a possible placename using these elements. The period form of the surname appears to be Ballon; the College could not find evidence that the spelling Ballan was used before 1600. Based on similar placenames, the byname needs to take a possessive form, and the most likely spelling for the second element is -more, giving the spelling Ballonesmore. We have changed the location Ballan Moor to the plausible period spelling Ballonesmore in order to register this name. [Arthur of Ballonesmore, 10/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Iohne Mac Dhaidh, the submission form noted that if the submitter's name must be changed, the submitter indicated that meaning was most important to him and indicated his desired meaning of 'Scotts[sic] for John Dade - Gunn sept'.
The surname Dade derives from two sources - one English and one Irish. Metron Ariston provided information regarding the English surname Dade:
Woulfe (p. 348 s.n. Mac Daibhéid) lists Dade as a modern Anglicized Irish form of Mac Daibhéid, which means 'son of David'. No documentation was provided to support the submitted spelling Mac Dhaidh as a plausible name in period. Lacking such evidence, Mac Dhaidh is not registerable. On its surface, Mac Dhaidh appears to be Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present). An Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name would be Mac Dabhídh. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. As submitted, this name combines Iohne, which is Scots (a language closely related to English), with a Gaelic byname. As the submitter indicated a desire for a Scottish name meaning 'John Dade', he may wish to know about Scots forms of this byname which would have the meaning 'son of David' and which would match the language of his submitted given name Iohne. Black's Surnames of Scotland (s.nn. David, Davidson, Davie, Davies, Daw, Dawes, Dawson, Day, Deasson, MacCavat, MacDavid, MacDawy) lists a number of Scots names that derived from bynames meaning 'son of David' (including diminutives of David, such as Davy, et cetera). The forms listed by Black in these entries are too many to provide a complete list here. Of the dated names listed in these entries, MacDavid (1562) and M'Cade (1547), found in Black under the header MacDavid, are the closest in sound and appearance to the submitted Mac Dhaidh. [Iohne Mac Dabhídh, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Pedrog Sylvrbeard, this name was submitted as Pedrog ap Sylvrbeard and was changed at Kingdom because the submitted byname combined the Welsh ap and the English Sylvrbeard in a single name phrase and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C "Welch/Norse [sic]" and allowed any changes.
Sylvrbeard was submitted as a constructed English byname. However, no support was provided for either the spelling Sylvr- or -beard in period. All of the period examples of bynames including forms of the elements 'silver' and 'beard' found by the College had the 'silver' element spelled as Silver- or Sylver- and the 'beard' element spelled as -berd. Lacking evidence that Sylvrbeard is a plausible form in period, we have changed the byname to the form Sylverberd in order to register this name. The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C "Welch/Norse". Lacking evidence that any of these elements are authentic for the 10th C in either Welsh or Old Norse, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and languages. Additionally, support for a name mixing Welsh and Norse was not provided. As this issue was not addressed in this submission, we are declining to rule on the registerability of a name including Welsh and Norse elements at this time. Since the submitted name combines Welsh and English, which has been ruled on previously, we are registering this name as a mix of Welsh and English. [Pedrog Sylverberd, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] [Pedrog Sylverberd, 10/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Robert de Bury atte Okeforde, the submitter allowed any changes. As submitted, this name contained two locative bynames that both contained prepositions (de and atte). Lacking evidence that such constructions were used in period, they have previously been ruled to be reason for return:
Based on this construction pattern, we have changed this name to the form Robert Bury atte Okeforde in order to register this name. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found examples of two marked locative bynames used in Latin records:
The examples found by Aryanhwy are unusual and involve names that are recorded in completely Latin forms. Based on the Latin forms found in Reaney & Wilson (s.nn. Ashford, Oakley), Okeford is a plausible Latin form. Therefore, Robertus de Bury de Okeford would be a fully Latin form of this name that would follow the period construction pattern found by Aryanhwy and, so, would be registerable. [Robert Bury atte Okeforde, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Stella of Lundeia, the submitter requested authenticity for the 12th to 14th C and allowed minor changes. The byname of Lundeia combined the English of with the Latin Lundeia and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase.
Ekwall (p. 307 s.n. Lundy Island) dates the Latin form Lundeia to 1189 and the English form Lunday to 1281. Reaney & Wilson (p. 288 s.n. Lundy) dates Walter de Lundy to 1305 and John of Lundy to 1499. Based on this information, a fully Latin form of this byname would be de Lundeia. Fully English forms of this byname would be of Lunday, de Lunday, of Lundy, and de Lundy. Of these forms, the last two English forms, of Lundy and de Lundy, would best match the time period in which Stella was found. (The submitter's documentation shows Stella as dated to 1379.) As the submitter only allows minor changes, and changing the language of a name phrase is a major change, we were unable to change the Latin Lundeia to an English form in order to match the time period for Stella. Changing the language of a particle, such as of, is a minor change rather than a major since the particle is not the substantive part of the byname. Therefore, we have changed the byname to the completely Latin form de Lundeia in order to register this name. [Stella de Lundeia, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] [Stella de Lundeia, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Alise Whenby, the byname Whenby is a locative byname formed from a place of that name. However, all of the examples found by the CoA of this placename dated to period, were spelled Qu-. Lacking evidence that Whenby is a plausible period variant, it is not registerable. Ekwall (p. 488 s.n. Whenby) dates the form Queneby to 1235. We have changed the byname to use this form in order to register this name. [Alise Queneby, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Orianna De
L'Isle, the submitter requested authenticity for early 14th C England, specifically "Yorkish".
Withycombe (p. 234 s.n. Oriana) states that "Oriana Palfreyman of W. Toynton, Lincs., was excommunicated in 1602." As such, we have only a single example of this name used for a real woman who was probably born in the late 16th C. Given this information, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time period. Lacking evidence that the form Orianna is plausible in period, we have changed this to the documented form Oriana. No documentation at all was provided for the byname De L'Isle on the LoI. Submission heralds are reminded that lack of documentation continues to be a reason for return. Multiple members of the College researched this byname and we thank them for their efforts. No evidence was found that the submitted De L'Isle is a plausible period form. Reaney & Wilson (p. 281 s.n. Lisle) dates Robert del Ile to 1311. We have changed the byname to this form in order to make the byname authentic for the submitter's requested time period and to register this name. [Oriana del Ile, 10/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Idonie Tait, the documentation for Idonie provided in the LoI was:
The photocopy of this page provided by the submitter shows that the text around the edge of the seal is: SIGILLVM IDONIE DE HURST. The caption for this illustration begins, "The seal of Idonia de Hurst, lady of Broomhil, Kent, late twelfth century." Idonia is the nominative form of this name. (A woman's given name uses the nominative case in her name.) Due to Latin grammar, this name takes the genitive form Idonie when it follows the word Sigullum in the text of this seal, which can be normalized as Sigullum Idonie de Hurst meaning 'The seal of Idonia de Hurst'. Lacking evidence that the form Idonie would have been used as a woman's name in the nominative case, we have changed this name to the nominative form Idonia in order to register this name. [Idonia Tait, 10/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Silvia was documented as a name used by Shakespeare in Two Gentlemen of Verona. As such, it is registerable under the guidelines for use of literary names found in the Cover Letter to the February 1999 LoAR. [Silvia Wilkinson, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Tukka Kirk, there were issues with the documentation for Tukka and with the combination of languages in this name.
The given name Tukka was documented from Reaney & Wilson (p. 456 s.n. Tuck). However, this entry gives no dated examples of Tukka. Instead, this entry states, "... the frequent occurrence of the personal name in the 12th and 13th centuries suggests that we have an Anglo-Scand. *Tukka, a pet-form of ON Þorketil." None of the dated forms listed in this entry end in an a. Metron Ariston explains the notation in this entry, "[T]he discussion in the location cited in Reaney and Wilson [s.n. Tuck] presumes an unattested Tukka derived from the Old Norse. (The asterisk is a dead giveaway!)" Adding to the uncertainty of the form Tukka theorized by Reaney & Wilson is the information in Bardsley (s.n. Tuck), which cites Toka from a Latin entry in the Domesday Book: "'liber homo Stigandi Toka Francigine' (?Toka the Frenchman)". Based on this information, Tukka is, at best, an unattested Old English name formed as a diminutive of an Old Norse name. The byname Kirk was documented as appropriate for 15th to 16th C Scots (a language closely related to English). Combining Old English and Scots in a name has been previously been ruled to be reason for return (Dunno Jamesson, LoAR of March 2002). Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Tuck) date Tukke faber to 1101-7. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the Middle English Tukke in order to register this name. The submitter may wish to know that, since a final e is not silent in Middle English, the form Tukke would be pronounced approximately "TUH-keh" - fairly similar to a modern pronunciation of Tukka. [Tukke Kirk, 09/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Meurig Oglyn, the form listed this name as Meuric Orglyn. The given name was changed at Kingdom to match a documented form. Metron Ariston found that:
Given these examples, the submitted form Meuric is reasonable as a given name. No documentation was presented and none was found that the submitted byname Orglyn is a plausible period form. Therefore, we have changed this byname to o'r glyn to match the submitted documentation in order to register this name. [Meuric o'r glyn, 09/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Celia the Fair, this name was submitted as Caelia the Fair and changed at Kingdom at the submitter's instruction.
No documentation was provided supporting Celia as a name used in period. However, support for Celia was found by Sommelier for an earlier submission and was included in the December 2002 LoAR:
Based on this information, we are registering this name in the submitter's desired form. [Celia the Fair, 09/2003, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as William Hethfeld, this name was submitted as William Heatherfield. The byname was changed at Kingdom because no support was found for Heatherfield as a placename, while Ekwall (s.n. Heathfield) dates the form Hethfeld to 1275 and gives the meaning of this placename as "Open land overgrown with heather". The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C English and allowed minor changes.
Metron Ariston found a reference to a place named Heatherfield in Sussex:
Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 175, map of Sussex, map dated 1610) shows the name of this place as Heathfeild. Bardsley (p. 371 s.n. Heathfield) dates Thomas Hethfeld to 1 Edw. III (1327-1328). Therefore, we have examples of this placename dated before and after the submitter's desired time period. We can interpolate a 15th C form by comparing the elements to other dated names. Mills (p. 165 s.n. Heathrow) dates La Hetherewe to c. 1410. Reaney & Wilson (p. 167 s.n. Field) dates Baldwin Felde to 1428. Based on these names, a 15th C form of this name would be Hethefelde. We have changed the byname to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [William Hethefelde, 09/2003, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Dirk Tréfeller, this name was submitted as Dirk Treefeller. The byname was changed to a constructed French byname at Kingdom because no documentation was found for the submitted Treefeller. The submitter is most interested in having it sound like "Dirk Tree-feller" and allows all changes.
The constructed Tréfeller was submitted with the meaning 'feller of a subdivision of a parish' or 'three cracks/splits'. Insufficient documentation was found to support this constructed name as following period patterns of French bynames in period. Further, Tréfeller would not be pronounced as "Tree-feller". Bardsley (s.n. Tree) dates Eliz. Tree to 1583. Reaney & Wilson (p. 166 s.n. Feller) dates Robert le Felur to 1275. There is evidence of occupational bynames used without articles, such as le 'the'. Therefore, this name is registerable as Dirk Tree Felur, which is nearly identical to the submitter's desired pronunciation of "Dirk Tree-feller". [Dirk Tree Felur, 09/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | This name was submitted as a constructed English placename formed from variant spellings of elements found in A. H. Smith, English Place-Name Elements; specifically: Ful- (from the Old English fugol, meaning 'bird', p. 188; or from the Old English f{u-}l, meaning 'foul', p. 189), Cann (from the Old English canne, meaning 'a depression, a hollow, a deep valley' in this usage, p. 80), and Forge (from the Old French Forge, Middle English Forge, meaning 'a forge, a smithy', p. 184).
The LoI stated that the examples of placenames listed in these entries in Smith, while undated, were pre-15th C. However, no support for this statement, such as photocopies of relevant pages explaining the dating of the placenames in these entries, were included among the photocopies pages from Smith included with this submission. Included in the submitted documentation, Smith (p. 188 s.n. fugol) identifies a location named Volehouse in Devonshire, and (p. 80 s.n. canne) identifes a location named Howcans in Yorkshire West Riding. These references are important because they each support a portion of the construction of the submitted name. Volehouse demonstrates a shift from Ful- to Vole- for the first element desired by the submitters. Howcans supports -cans as a deuterotheme and as a plural form for the second element desired by the submitters. However, the College was unable to find either of these placenames in a number of standard sources, including Ekwall and Mills. An entry, full-nautr, on one of the photocopied pages (p. 189) references Ekwall and, so, allows us to compare the forms of placenames listed in this entry to those included in Ekwall. This entry in Smith reads:
The corresponding entry in Ekwall (4th ed., p. 183 s.n. Follingsby) lists Fonaby, Fulletby, and Fulnetby as subheaders, but does not date these spellings to period. This information casts doubt on the reliability of the cited Volehouse and Howcans as forms used in period. The submitters allowed any changes. Therefore, the first issue could be resolved by changing the submitted Vul- to the documented form Ful-. However, the only support for -cans was the reference in Smith to a place named Howcans. Lacking support that Howcans is a plausible form in period, it can not support the spelling -cans as a deuterotheme in the submitted placename. Therefore, we must return this submission. [Vulcans Forge, Canton of, 09/2003 LoAR, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | The byname of Sandy Stream was documented as a constructed byname. However, no evidence was provided that stream was used as an element in placenames.
Sandy is a placename, dated as Sandeie to 1086 in Mills (s.n. Sandy). There is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 s.n. Sampford). As Stream is a surname, dated to 1279 in the form ate Streme (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Stream), a location Sandy located on or near an estate owned by the Stream family could come to be known as Sandy Stream. [Leah of Sandy Stream, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as David of the woods, no documentation was presented nor could any be found supporting the use of the word woods in a byname, as opposed to the singular wood. In addition, all dated forms of this byname had the Wood element capitalized. We have therefore changed the byname to a form dated to 1285 in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Wood). [David of the Wode, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as College of Southern Crossewaies, this name had two problems.
First, while evidence was offered that the adjective southern was used as a word, no evidence was presented, nor could any be found, that an English placename would be formed by adding Southern, rather than South, to the name of an existing placename. We have changed Southern to South in order to register this name. Second, no evidence was presented nor could any be found for the use of the plural -waies in a placename. The single period OED citation of crosse-waies, dated to 1590, clearly refers to multiple locations, not a single place. Lacking evidence that the plural -waies would be used in an English placename, we have changed the plural Crossewaies to the singular Crossewaie in order to register this name. [South Crossewaie, College of, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Catherine Anne Applebee, Applebee is a header form found in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Appleby). In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern might not be registerable. This has been handled on a case by case basis. In this instance, no evidence was found that -bee is a period variant of -by in placenames in period. Lacking such evidence, the form Applebee is not registerable. The closest form to the submitted Applebee that was found was in F. K. & S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602 (p. xxv), which dates the form Applebey to 1602. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. [Catherine Anne Applebey, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | No evidence was provided to support adding Sands to the end of an existing placename. However, there is a pattern in English, during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, of placenames formed by appending a toponymic to a surname. Siren found some examples of this type of placename in A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, including: Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 (s.n. Aldborough Hatch), Culling Deepe 1584 (s.n. Colindale), Coanie hatch 1593 (s.n. Colney Hatch), Fygmershe c. 1530 (s.n. Figge's Marsh), Gallion Reache 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach), and Gallion Nesse 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach).
As Desert is a surname, dated to 28 Henry III in the form le Desert and to 20 Edward I in the form del Desert (Bardsley s.n. Desert), a sandy place (Reaney & Wilson s.n. Sand) located on or near an estate owned by the Desert family could come to be known as Desert Sands. [Desert Sands, Stronghold of, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | There was some question about the plausibility of Rivers Run as a constructed placename following English placename models. There is a pattern in English, during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, of placenames formed by appending a toponymic to a surname. Siren found some examples of this type of placename in A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, including: Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 (s.n. Aldborough Hatch), Culling Deepe 1584 (s.n. Colindale), Coanie hatch 1593 (s.n. Colney Hatch), Fygmershe c. 1530 (s.n. Figge's Marsh), Gallion Reache 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach), and Gallion Nesse 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach).
Rivers is a surname dated to 1327 in the form Riuer (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Rivers) and dated to 1602 in the form Rivers (F. K. & S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602, p. lxxi). The LoI included documentation for Run as an English toponymic referring to a clearing or log footbridge and provided dated examples of this element used in locative bynames:
Therefore, a clearing or log footbridge located on or near an estate owned by the Rivers family could come to be known as Rivers Run. [Rivers Run, Canton of, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | No documentation was presented and none was found to support the spelling Steavenson as a plausible form in period. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change this byname to the documented Stevenson in order to register this name. [Richard Steavenson, 07/2003 LoAR, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Robin of the Rosewood, Rosewood was documented as a placename rather than as a general toponymic. Therefore, of the Rosewood is no more plausible than of the London. This name is registerable as Robin of Rosewood or as Robin Rosewood. The submitter noted Robin Rosewood as a preferred alternate if Robin of the Rosewood was not registerable. Therefore, we have changed this name to Robin Rosewood in order to register this name. [Robin Rosewood, 07/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Allyne Strangwych, all period examples found for this given name are spelled with one l. We have made this change. [Alyne Strangwych, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Gwineth Llyn Lloyd, this name was submitted as Gwineth Llyn Brith. The LoI noted that the constructed placename was intended to mean 'Gray Pond'. Kingdom found that brith more usually means 'speckled', rather than 'gray', and so forwarded the name using llwyd 'gray' which appears more frequently in placenames.
Unfortunately, the hypothecized Llyn Lloyd combines Welsh and English in a single name phrase (in this case, the placename Llyn Lloyd) and, so, violates RfS III.1.a. Metron Ariston explains:
We have changed the locative byname to use the form of this placename suggested by Metron Ariston in order to place the entire byname in a single language and to make its construction follow period examples. [Gwineth Llynllwyd, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | [Guild name Guild of the Gilded Spoon] No documentation was presented and none was found that Gilded would have been used as an adjective in a construction (including a sign name) that could be used as a model for a guild name. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable. [Starkhafn, Barony of, 06/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Anneke Grove of Scammonden, Ekwall (p. 406 s.n. Scammonden) dates Scambanden to 1275. Lacking evidence that the -b- was dropped from the name of this location in period, we have changed the locative byname to use the dated form, as allowed by the submitter, in order to register this name. [Anneke Grove of Scambanden, 06/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | There was some question regarding the registerability of this name because Uther was submitted as a Welsh given name in an otherwise German name. Names combining Welsh and German have been ruled unregisterable (Anton Cwith, 08/01, A-Ansteorra).
The name Uther is found in Sir Thomas Mallory's Le Morte d'Arthur as the name of Arthur's father. As such, is is a literary name known in English. Precedent allows registration of Arthurian names:
Therefore, this name is registerable as an English given name in an otherwise German name. Combining English and German in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Uther Schiemann der Hunt, 06/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Megge Gwyneth, this name was submitted as Meg Gwyneth. The submitter allowed Meg to be changed to Megge (which is dated to 1273 in Reaney & Wilson, p. 305 s.n. Meggs) if no documentation could be found for the form Meg. Kingdom was unable to find documentation for Meg as a period form and so made this change.
Crescent found documentation for Meg in Scots (a language closely related to English):
As the spelling Meg was most important to the submitter, and she had no request for authenticity, we have used the documentation found by Crescent in order to register the submitter's desired spelling of Meg. [Meg Gwyneth, 06/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Ethan was documented as "a biblical name, [...] found in I Kings 4:31 as well as the 89th Psalm." There was some question regarding the registerability of Ethan as a late period English name since no evidence could be found that Ethan was one of the Biblical names that came into use in England after the Reformation. Given the number of Biblical names that came into use in England at that time, and given that we know of no reason that the name Ethan would not have been included among the Biblical names adopted at that time, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this name. [Ethan Stewart, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Leo Bertran Benton, this name was submitted as Leo Bertrand Benton. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture and allowed minor changes.
Leo and Benton were documented as English. Evidence was only found for the submitted Bertrand as a French form. The corresponding English form of this name is Bertran. Based on the submitted documentation, Leo Bertran de Benton would be an authentic form of this name for 12th to 13th C English. In this case, Bertran would be a patronymic byname and de Benton would be a locative byname. The submitter does not allow major changes. Changing the French Bertrand to the English Bertran is a language change, and therefore a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Therefore, we have left this element in the submitted French form. We have changed the final element to de Benton which is dated to 1234 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Benton) in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Leo Bertrand de Benton, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Damaris of Norlan, all of the period forms of this byname found by the College retained the -d. Lacking evidence that dropping of the -d is plausible in period, we have added it in order to register this name. [Damaris of Norland, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Candace Margreta van Zanten, the submitter provided documentation for Candace as an English given name from c. 1624. The LoI summarizes the original reason for return of the submitter's name along with the new documentation:
This example is sufficient to grant the submitter the benefit of the doubt on this name. It must be noted that Candace, like Regina, was used as a title. Therefore, it may be used as a given name "provided there is no suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank" (RfS VI.1). Specifications regarding a "suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank" were included in the precedent:
In a similar manner, Candace must be the first element of the Society name, which it is in the submitted name, and Candace "may not be followed by any translation of 'of X,' where X is a place name, as that could indicate that the person was queen of that place." In the submitted name, van Zanten means 'of Zanten', and so violates the requirement that Candace not be followed by any translation of 'of [placename]'. Effectively, the submitted name translates to 'Queen Margaret of Zanten', and, so, is not registerable. We have dropped the particle van 'of' in order to remove the suggestion of territorial claim. [Viola Thornhaven, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | This name combines two English given names with a Scots byname. As there is no weirdness for use of two given names in English, this name only has one weirdness, for combining English and Scots, and so is registerable. [Rachael Catherine McLellan, 05/2003 LoAR, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Submitted as Aodhan Longshafts, the submitter requested authenticity for the 10th C (no culture specified) and allowed any changes. The LoI stated that:
This statement, along with the attached letter, provides no evidence that Longshafts is a reasonable period byname. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found examples of names using Long- with the name of a weapon or tool:
Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Sharparrow) date Robert Sharparu to 1364, John Scherparowe to 1448, and William Sharparrow to 1568. From these examples, Longarrow is a reasonable English byname in the 16th C. We have changed the submitted byname to this form in order to register this name. The submitter requested authenticity for the 10th C, but did not specify a desired language or culture. This name combines an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) given name with a Middle English byname. In the 10th C, the language spoken in England was Old English and the language spoke in Ireland was Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200). The Middle Irish form of this given name is Áedán. We were unable to find an Irish Gaelic byname, in any time period, with the submitter's desired meaning. We were also unable to find support for a byname with this meaning in Old English. Therefore, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time period. Rather than create a temporal disparity in this name, we have left the given name in the submitted form rather than change it to the Middle Irish form Áedán. [Aodhan Longarrow, 05/2003 LoAR, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Submitted as Alan of Roseleah, Roseleah was submitted as a hypothetical variant of the documented location Rosley (Ekwall, p. 374 s.n. Rosley). The submitted Roseleah combines the Middle English Rose- and the Old English -leah and so violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The LoI stated that the "[s]ubmitter allowed the change to the better-documented form, and would allow changes to a form including 'rose', but no other changes." This statement provides support that the change made at Kingdom was one allowed by the submitter. Therefore, we are registering this name in the form listed on the LoI. [Alan of Rosley, 05/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Submitted as Constance of White Birch, all of the period examples found of placenames that combine White with a type of tree show the placename as a single word. Therefore, we have changed the location in the submitted byname to Whitebirch to follow documented period patterns in order to register this name. [Constance of Whitebirch, 05/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | No evidence was presented, nor could any be found, that the Wylds is a plausible placename in period. Not all surnames of location are based on placenames; some are based on generic descriptions, such as 'woods' and 'well.' Wild appears to be this type of generic description. There is a modern placename Wild found in Ekwall, but period spellings do not include the final d, suggesting it is derived from wile, 'trick, contrivance' (such as a windmill or trap).
One pattern for naming colleges in period is to name them after the surname of their founder and benefactor; examples include Merton Colledge and Balliol Colledge, found in this form in Speed's The Counties of Britain (pp. 146-7, map of Oxfordshire, map dated 1605) This suggests that Wyld College would be a reasonable name for a college in period. Changing the order of significant elements in a name is a major change, which the submitting branch does not allow. Therefore, we are unable to change this name to Wyld College in order to register this name. [Wylds, College of the, 04/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Cassandra de Skardeburgh, no evidence was found to support an Sk-, rather than an Sc-, form of this placename in English. We have changed this name to follow documented examples in order to register this name. [Cassandra de Scardeburgh, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Marsaili Johnston of Lochwood Moss, documentation was provided for a placename of Lockwood and a toponymic Moss. No evidence was found to support Lochwood as a variant of the documented Lockwood (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Lockwood). Lacking support for the form Lochwood, we have changed this element to a documented form in order to register this name.
No evidence was provided to support adding Moss to the end of an existing placename, particularly one that already incorporates the toponymic element -wood. However, there is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 s.n. Sampford). As Moss is a surname, dated to 1230 in the form Mosse and to 1327 in the form ate Mos (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Moss), a location Lockwood located on or near an estate owned by the Moss family could come to be known as Lockwood Moss. [Marsaili Johnston of Lockwood Moss, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Thomas atte Woode of Epping, the submitter requested authenticity for 1300-1500 English and allowed any changes. When two bynames that refer to locations appear in a name in English, the first byname is usually an inherited surname and the second is usually a literal locative byname. When atte Woode became an inherited surname, it seems to have been consistently written as a single word. Bardsley (p. 67 s.n. Attwood) dates William Attewood to 1439, which is late enough that the element Attewood in this name is likely an inherited surname. We have changed this name to use the inherited surname form Attewood to follow the documented pattern of [given name] [inherited surname] of [placename] and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Thomas Attewood of Epping, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for the 14th C and allowed any changes. The submission documented the given names Anna and Lyse as German and the byname Warwick as English. No evidence was found that either German or English used double given names in the 14th C. Additionally, Lyse was documented only to the 15th C. As Anna was used in both English and German, we would have dropped the given name Lyse in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. However, doing so would bring this name into conflict with Anne of Warwick, queen to Richard III. Therefore, we have registered this name as submitted, but were unable to make it authentic for the 14th C as requested by the submitter. [Anna Lyse Warwick, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for Spanish and allowed minor changes. Clarion provided information regarding the submitter's request for authenticity:
Therefore, Sebastian Rodriguez de Castilla would be an authentic form of this name appropriate for 16th C Spain. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we have registered this name in the submitted form, since changing the language of the byname from the English de Castile to a Spanish form is a major change. [Sebastian Rodriguez de Castile, 04/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Miriam Calvert of Gidiehall-on-Honiburn, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C English and allowed minor changes. No examples of [placename]-on-[placename] were found in period. The example of Stretford upon Auen found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 178, map of Warwickshire, map dated 1610) is formed [placename] upon [river name] rather than [placename] upon [placename]. Metron Ariston found support for a hypothetical placename of Gidiehall Honiburn:
Given this information, we have dropped -on- from this byname in order to register this name. Lacking evidence that this form is appropriate for the 16th C, we were unable to confirm that this name is appropriate for the submitter's desired time period. [Miriam Calvert of Gidiehall Honiburn, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for northern English. Brighid is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name. When this name was used in English, it took on other spellings. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found forms of this name in Lancashire (northern England) and Gloucestershire (southwestern England):
Based on this information, Brichet Ross and Brychet Ross would be forms of this name appropriate for Northern England. As the submitter only allows minor changes, and changing the language of the given name from a Gaelic form to an English form is a major change, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired culture. [Brighid Ross, 04/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Salesberie Glen cannot be justified as Salesberie, a dithemic placename, with the element Glen, meaning 'valley', appended. Glen is found only in a few placenames, all of which combine Glen with a simple descriptive element. As an example, Mills (p. 144 s.n. Glen) dates Magna Glen to 1247 and Parva Glen to 1242.
However, there is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 s.n. Sampford). As Glen is a surname, dated to 1230 (Reaney & Wilson, p. 193 s.n. Glen), a location Salesberie located on or near an estate owned by the Glen family could come to be known as Salesberie Glen. [Salesberie Glen, Canton of, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Avery de la Marre, the byname de la Marre was grammatically incorrect, as it combined a feminine article with Marre, a masculine noun. The submitter's documentation includes the form del Marre, dated to 1302 in Reaney & Wilson (p. 299 s.n. Marr). The sound-alike byname de la Mare is dated to 1190 and 1342 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Delamar). However, this byname derives from a different word. Since the submitter expressed a preference for del Marre as an alternate to the submitted de la Marre, we have made this change in order to register this name. [Avery del Marre, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | In the documentation for the byname o' Whyspering Wude, the LoI stated that the components of byname were grandfathered to the submitter. However, RfS II.5 limits grandfathered items only to the actual registered name elements. In this case, the byname of Whispering Wude is grandfathered to the submitter. Any changes to this byname negates the Grandfather Clause and causes the new name phrase, in this case o' Whyspering Wude, to be considered as a new item.
Whispering is no longer registerable as an adjective in a placename:
Therefore, the new locative byname o' Whyspering Wude, which is not grandfathered to the submitter, is not registerable because it contains Whyspering. Additionally, o' is a scribal abbreviation. While the submitter may use it when writing his name, it is not registerable. The documentation provided from Shakespeare uses o' as an abbreviations, much as we use St. today to represent the word Saint. As the submitter allows no changes, we must return this name for both of these problems. [Donnan o' Whyspering Wude, 04/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | This name was submitted as Angharad o'r Rhosyn ferch Rhain and changed at Kingdom to use y, as it is typically used with objects while o'r is usually used with generic locations. This name was intended to mean 'Angharad of the Rose, daughter of Rhain'.
The question was raised regarding whether a byname meaning 'of the Rose' was presumptuous, and so was not registerable. Indeed, previous precedent has ruled:
However, the point was raised that we have recently registered the bynames de la Rosa and de la Rose. Therefore, a clarification is in order. RfS VI.1 "Names Claiming Rank" states in part:
Bynames meaning 'lord', 'master', 'knight', etc., have been ruled to be presumptuous in multiple languages. The reason is that use of these bynames is an "explicit assertion of rank", which is prohibited in RfS VI.1 cited above. However, unlike Master, Knight, etc., and their associated alternate forms found in the List of Alternate Titles (http://heraldry.sca.org/titles.html), 'of the Rose' is not used as a title in the S.C.A., though it can be interpreted as claiming membership in the Order of the Rose. The key is whether such a byname is an "explicit assertion of rank". Reaney & Wilson (p. 383 s.n. Rose) date Robert de la Rose to 1242 and Adam atte Rose to 1305. Berm�dez Plata, Don Cristóbal, Catálogo de Pasajeros a Indias Durante los Siglos XVI, XVII, y XVIII (vol II, p. 131, #2206) dates Francisco de la Rosa to 1535. David Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield, Anthony Molho, and Roberto Barducci, ed., "FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE RESOURCES: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/) lists the byname DELLAROSA. As this article normalizes bynames, this listing most likely represents the period form della Rosa. From these sources, we have documented period use of the bynames de la Rose and atte Rose in English, de la Rosa in Spanish, and della Rosa in Italian. Use of these bynames was not an "explicit assertion of rank" in period. Nor, given the number of times they have been registered without comment, both from the College of Arms during commentary and in the LoARs, use of these documented period bynames is not generally seen to be an "explicit assertion of rank" within the S.C.A. Therefore, like the given name Regina, these bynames are registerable so long as there is no suggestion of rank implied by this element in conjuction with another element in the name, or in the name as a whole. [Angharad y Rhosyn ferch Rhain, 04/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The element Castleguard was documented from the OED in 1576 as an occupational term. However, the byname of Castleguard would indicate that Castleguard were a placename, like London or York. As no evidence was presented nor could any be found that Castleguard is a reasonable placename, the byname of Castleguard is not registerable. An occupational byname using this term would be simply Castleguard.
As the submitter does not allow any changes, we cannot drop the problematic element of in order to register this name. [Edward of Castleguard, 04/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The LoI requested assistance with documentation for the byname Amberlach. As submitted, the only documentation for this element was: "Invented locative byname. Amber=golden and Lach=lake." Orle found that Amberlach is a plausible placename in English, but that it would not have the meaning desired by the submitter:
As Amberlach is plausible as an English placename in period, this name is registerable as a feminine given name with a locative byname. [Katherine Amberlach, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Bede's College, we have removed the apostrophe to follow period examples [Bedes College, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as James DeLawton, no support was found for the form DeLawton. We have changed the capitalization and spacing to follow period examples in order to register this name. [James de Lawton, 03/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Aethelind of Erbystok, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Welsh/English and allowed minor changes. The only documentation provided for the submitted Aethelind was the statement on her form "Aethelind - Withycombe p.3 - Innes Compilation of 1992."
Andreanna Innes's An Index of Given Names Contained in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names by E. G. Withycombe lists Aethelind as a name found under Ethelinda. However, Withycombe (p. 109 s.n. Ethelinda) shows Æthelind, not Aethelind. The conversion from Æ to Ae is a modern editorial convention used when it is not possible to use the character Æ. As no evidence was found to support Aethelind as a period form of Æthelind, it is not registerable. We have changed the given name in this submission to the form Æthelind in order to register this name. By the submitter's desired time period, the Old English form Æthelind was replaced by a Middle English form of this name such as Athelyna, which Withycombe (p. 109 s.n. Ethelinda) dates to 1346. However, Old English and Middle English are sufficiently different in enough ways (including appearance) that they count as different languages. As the submitter does not allow major changes, and changing the language of an element is considered a major change, we have registered this name using the Old English Æthelind rather than the Middle English Athelyna. [Æthelind of Erbystok, 03/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | No documentation was presented to support Sylvana as a period name. Sylvana was submitted as an English name per the LoI:
Several submitters noted errors with this reference to Withycombe. Metron Ariston explains:
Regarding the byname the Grey-Eyed, precedent states:
Reaney & Wilson (p. 203 s.n. Graybeard) date Ralph Greyeye to the 13th Century. We would have changed this name to Silvana Greyeye in order to register this name. However, the change from the submitted English Sylvana to the documented French Silvana is a change in language, and so is a major change. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to make this change in order to register this name. [Sylvana the Grey-Eyed, 03/2003, R-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Eadwine of Foxecote, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 12th C Anglo-Saxon. As submitted, this name combines the Old English Eadwine with the Middle English of Foxecote. An authentic period name combining these elements would have been recorded completely in Old English or completely in Middle English depending upon the language of the document in which this language was recorded. Ekwall (p. 186 s.n. Foxcote) dates the form Fuscote to the Domesday Book. G�sta Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 54-56, in the section entitled "Lat. de (in OE charters)" gives some examples of Old English given names with Latin locative bynames. Based on these examples, Eadwine de Fuscote would be an authentic form of this name for an Old English record. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Foxcot) date Edulf de Foxcote to 1189. Therefore, a fully Middle English form of this name appropriate for the 12th C would be Edwin de Foxcote.
We have changed the byname to a form documented to the submitter's desired time period in order to partially meet his request for authenticity. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to change this name to a form appropriate for Old English to fully meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Eadwine de Foxcote, 03/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Morwenna de Membyr', Membyr' is a scribal abbreviation. Reaney & Wilson (p. 306 s.n. Membery) date Richard de Membri, de Membyr' to 1201, 1242, and John de Membury to 1327. Based on these examples, the abbreviation Membyr' likely represents either Membyri or Membyry. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have expanded this name to the form Morwenna de Membyri. The submitter is welcome to write her name as Morwenna de Membyr', using the scribal abbreviation. [Morwenna de Membyri, 03/2003, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Edward the Sinister, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C and allowed minor changes. The LoI provided documentation for this byname from Weekley, Ernest, M.A., Surnames, (p. 304, footnote 3) which states: "Cf. Sinister, O.F. senestre, left-handed, awkward [Simon Senestre, of Dieppe, Close R.]. Lefthand is a ME. name." The LoI also noted that the Close Rolls dated to 1205. We have changed the byname in this submission to use the documented form Senestre in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.
The LoI also noted that Kingdom had been unable to find examples of Sinister or Left-handed as bynames in Reaney & Wilson or Bardsley. The byname meaning 'left-handed' is difficult to find in Reaney & Wilson because the byname became corrupted over time. It is found on p. 275 s.n. Leffan. This entry dates Robert Lifthand to 1204, Ralph Lefthand to 1258, and John Leftehand to 1390. The LoI did not specify whether the submitter preferred a byname that sounded like Left-handed rather than Sinister. Therefore, we have registered this name with the documented form Senestre. We have provided the information from Reaney & Wilson in case the submitter preferred a byname that sounds like Left-handed. [Edward Senestre, 02/2003 LoAR, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Fiachrae the Bonesetter, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 14th C Ireland. As submitted, this name combined the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) masculine given name Fiachrae with an English byname. Additionally, the term bonesetter was dated to c. 1510 as an English word. In the spelling boone setter, it was dated to c. 1470. Therefore, the submitted form of this name had two weirdnesses: one for combining Gaelic and English in a name, and a second for elements whose forms are dated more than 300 years apart. To remove the weirdness for temporal disparity in order to register this name, and to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the given name to the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Fiachra. Lacking evidence that the Bonesetter would have been used as occupational byname for a Gael in Ireland, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. [Fiachra the Bonesetter, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Caoillain Rose Maddox, the submitter requested authenticity for an Irish given name and an English surname. Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 41 s.n. Cáelfind) lists Caoilinn, not Caoillain. Lacking evidence that Caoillain is a plausible period form of Caoilinn, it is not registerable. We have changed this name to the documented form Caoilinn in order to register this name.
Since two bynames sometimes occurred in a single name in late period England, we have left both Rose and Maddox in this name. However, lacking evidence that a Gaelic given name, rather than an Anglicized Irish given name, would be combined with English bynames in period, this name is not authentic for forms of names found in England or Ireland in period. [Caoilinn Rose Maddox, 02/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Eric was submitted under the Legal Name Allowance. However, no documentation (such as a photocopy of a driver's license) was provided to support Eric as the submitter's legal given name. Lacking such evidence, Eric is not registerable via the Legal Name Allowance.
Siren found that Sveriges Medeltida Personnamn (vol. 5, column 735, s.n. Erik) shows several examples of Eric as a Swedish masculine given name, including Eric Stook dated to 1460. Therefore, this submission is registerable as a Swedish given name with an English byname. [Eric Haukeseye, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | The submitter requested authenticity for "late period English (16th to 17th C.)". Rosalind is registerable under the guidelines for the registerability of literary names (see the Cover Letter for the February 1999 for details). However, no evidence has been yet been found that this name was actually used by humans in late period England. Ildhafn is the name of the submitter's SCA branch. While registerable in the form of Ildhafn in a personal name, no evidence has been found that this placename is appropriate for 16th or 17th C English. As we were unable to find support for either of these elements being used in personal names in 16th to 17th C England, we were unable to make this name authentic for the that time period as requested by the submitter. [Rosalind of Ildhafn, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Listed on the LoI as Roes Meurdoch, this name was submitted as Roes' Meurdoch. The apostrophe was removed at Kingdom as the College does not register scribal abbreviations. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th to 16th C Scottish and allowed minor changes.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 383 s.n. Rose) date Roes' de Killum to 1219. The apostrophe in this entry indicates a scribal abbreviation. However, none of the forms listed in this entry support Roes as a form of this name. Instead, the form Roese, listed in this entry, seems to be the form of this name that is abbreviated as Roes' in the above citation. We have, therefore, expanded the scribal abbreviation Roes' to its full form of Roese in order to register this name. Both elements of this submission were documented as English. No evidence was found that any form of Roese/Rose was used as a given name in Scotland in period. While forms of Murdoch appear as a byname in Scotland (Black, p. 620 s.n. Murdoch), the College found no examples of this byname in the submitter's desired period in Scotland. Therefore, we have registered this name in the form submitted, but were unable to make it authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. [Roese Meurdoch, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | There was some question whether the name Judas was actually used in period. Reaney & Wilson (p. 258 s.n. Jude) date John Judas to 1191. Given this example, Judas is registerable. [Andrew Judas MacLeod, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | This name is being returned for lack of documentation of the byname Collingebourne Ducis. No evidence was found that Ducis was appended to the place name Collingebourne in period. Additionally, were evidence found of Ducis used in this place name in period, no evidence was provided and none was found that a personal byname would be formed using the full name of this location, rather than the simpler form Collingbourne. The LoI stated:
These examples support the existence of this location in period, but not with the element Ducis. Additionally, none of these dated examples spelling Collingbourne as -bourne. We would have changed this name to Eliane Collingburne in order to register this name. However, dropping Ducis dramatically changes the sound and appearance of the byname and so is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Eliane Collingebourne Ducis, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | [Joint household name The Coribantes Compaignye] Submitted as The Coribant Compaignye, the LoI provided documentation that "There is a citation dated to 1380 in Chaucer Bo. (Benson-Robinson) 4.m.5.20: 'Ther is a maner peple that hyghte Coribantes [vr. coribandes] that .. betyn hir basyns with thikke strokes.'" This supports Coribantes as a term used in period for a type of musicians. However, the singular non-possessive noun Coribant does not make sense in this instance. A parallel could be drawn with a name meaning 'the musician company'. Such a name would combine two nouns, meaning 'musician' and 'company', which does not make sense. A possessive form meaning "musician's" or "musicians'" would resolve this problem. Based on period possessive forms, the plural of Coribant would be Coribantes. As the submitters allow minor changes, we have changed this household name to the possessive form Coribantes in order to register this name. [Sancha de Flores and Seán Ó Súilleabháin Beirre, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Phoebe is a modern English rendering of the Classical Greek name [phi-omicron-iota-beta-eta], which is transliterated as Phoíbë. Examples of this Classical Greek name found before A.D. 600 are found at P. M. Fraser and E. Matthews, "The Lexicon of Greek Personal Names" (http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/). Forms of this name came into use in late period England as shown in J. W. Garrett-Pegge, A Transcript of the First Volume, 1538-1636, of the Parish Register of Chesham, Buckingham County, which dates Phebe to 1590 (p. 66) and Phebee to 1583 (p. 52). Lacking evidence to support combining an English given name with a Classical Greek byname, this combination is not registerable. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the Classical Greek Phoíbë in order to register this name. [Phoíbë Korínthia, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Beowulf fitzMalcolm, there was some question of whether Beowulf was a unique legendary name, and thus not registerable. Reaney & Wilson (p. xl) say of this name:
Given the dated examples provided by Reaney & Wilson cited above, Beowulf is registerable as a Middle English name. No support was found for the form fitzMalcolm. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Malcolm) date Aleyn fitz Maucolum to 1296 with Black as the source. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have added a space after fitz in the byname in order to follow documented period practice in order to register this name. [Beowulf fitz Malcolm, 02/2003 LoAR, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | A question was raised in commentary regarding the registerability of the element Crossing. The documentation for crossing provided in the name submission for the Canton of Charlesbury Crossing (registered in August 2000) showed crossing as a term dating to 1575 referring to "a place or structure (as on a street or over a river) where pedestrians or vehicles cross". This meaning is also compatible with the current submission. [Kings Crossing, Shire of, 02/2003 LoAR, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Eadric Longfellow, the submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture (presumably English based on the documentation) and allowed any changes. As submitted, this name combines an Old English given name with a Middle English byname dated only to 1475 and later.
Combining Old English and Middle English in a single name is a weirdness because of the dramatic linguistic and orthographic differences between the two languages. A modern English speaker can usually read unmodernized versions of plays by Shakespeare with few difficulties. Many can read unmodernized versions of works by Chaucer, though with more difficulty. If you hand them a copy of Beowulf that is not modernized (or translated), very few will be able to make heads or tails of it. These differences are the basis for the weirdness for using Old English and Middle English in the same name. The weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years is a different issue from the lingual mix of Old English and Middle English. As explained recently:
Therefore, the submitted form of this name had two weirdnesses; one for the lingual mix of Old English and Middle English, and a second for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. As the submitter indicated that the sound of the name was most important to him, we have changed the given name to the form Edric, which is dated to the 13th C in Talan Gwynek's article "Men's Given Names from Early 13th Century England" (http://www.s_gabriel.org/names/talan/eng13/eng13m.html), to change this name to a completely Middle English form in order to register this name. [Edric Longfellow, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | [Joint household name House of the Sword and Rose] This name is too evocative of the Order of the Rose. Precedent states:
House of the Sword and Rose and Order of the Anvil and the Rose have the same level of difference from the Order of the Rose. Therefore, House of the Sword and Rose is too evocative of the Order of the Rose to be registered. [Vivienne de Lampérière and Rotheric Kynith, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | There was some discussion whether the use of Odin in this name was presumptuous. Indeed, the byname Odinsson was ruled unregisterable long ago:
In this case, the submitted documentation shows that Odin is found as "a man's name found once in Nicolaa de Bracton's article, 'A Statistical Survey of Given Names in Essex Co., England'" (http://members.tripod.com/nicolaa5/articles/names.html). Sommelier also found that Reaney & Wilson (pp. 327-328 s.n. Oden, Othen) "date Oudon 1066, Odin Goldeberd 1327, and Thomas Oden 1332 (among others)." These examples are sufficient to support the use of Odin as a rare name used by humans in English. As such, it is registerable in the patronymic form FitzOdin so long as there are no additional references to the mythological Odin or a child of Odin. Note, though, that no documentation was found of Odin used by humans in period in Old Norse. Lacking such evidence, it is continues to be unregisterable in an Old Norse patronymic byname. [Alan FitzOdin, 02/2003 LoAR, A-�thelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Tam Surrell, no evidence was found that Surrell is a plausible period name. Reaney & Wilson (p. 411 s.n. Sirdifield) give Surrell as the fourth header form in this entry. In most cases, header forms are registerable because they are plausible period variants of the name in question. In this case, the entry in Reaney & Wilson dates Richard de Surdeval to 1086, Robert de Surdeuall' to 1197, John Sowrdewall to 1488, and Richard Surwald to 1516. It is important to note that all of these forms retain the d, which does not support Surrell as a period form. As Surwald is the closest of the forms dated in Reaney & Wilson to the submitted Surrell, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. [Tam Surwald, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Diana is the name of an ancient Roman goddess. No documentation was presented and none was found that Diana was used as a Roman name except for this goddess. Lacking evidence that it was used as a given name for humans in the Roman period, it is not registerable as a Roman name. The only evidence presented of Diana used by humans in period is from Withycombe (p. 40-41, s.n. Diana), which lists Diana Luttrell as being born in 1580. So we have evidence of Diana as a name used in late 16th C English. Spartene was submitted as the feminine form of the masculine byname Spartenos, which is dated to 1246 in Bardas Xiphias's article "Personal Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/family-names.html).
Therefore, the submitted name mixes an English given name dated to 1580 with a Byzantine Greek byname appropriate for 1246. Because these elements are dated more than 300 years apart, this name has a weirdness for temporal disparity. No evidence was presented that England and the Byzantine Empire had significant contact in period. Lacking such evidence, a name mixing English and Byzantine Greek is not registerable. Were such evidence found, this lingual mix would be a weirdness, and this name would have two weirdnesses, one for temporal disparity and one for the lingual mix. And so, having two weirdnesses, this name would still have to be returned. [Diana Spartene, 01/2003 LoAR, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Geoffrey DeCardeville, no documentation was presented and none was found for De- added to the beginning of a placename in this manner. We have changed this byname to the standard form de Cardeville in order to register this name. [Geoffrey de Cardeville, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C England and allowed any changes. Talan Gwynek's article "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/eng16/eng16alpha.html) lists the form Eleanor. Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 119, map of Lincolnshire, map dated 1610) lists Ravendale in Havesto Wapon.. By the 16th C, inherited surnames had replaced literal bynames. However, Irvine Gray and J. E. Gethyn-Jones, ed., The Registers of the Church of St. Mary's, Dymock, 1538-1790 (p. 41), date John of Avocull to June 13, 1580, showing a single example of a locative byname without an inherited surname in the submitter's desired time period. Given this example, we have left this byname in the submitted form of Ravendale as this form is authentic, if extremely rare, for the submitter's desired time and culture. More typical forms would be Eleanor Ravendale, if Ravendale is viewed as an inherited surname, or Eleanor [inherited surname] of Ravendale, showing Ravendale as Eleanor's place of origin and the inherited surname as a surname inherited from her father or her husband's surname if she is married. [Eleanor of Ravendale, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Listed on the LoI as Nicholas of Waverly Abbey, this name was originally submitted as Brother Nicholas of Waverly Abbey. The element Brother was dropped at Kingdom. The submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C and allowed any changes. Registerability of Brother as a form of address was addressed recently:
Similarly, this submitter is welcome to use Brother as his preferred form of address. Siren found information regarding the submitter's request for authenticity:
As the College was unable to find examples of a person's byname that referred to an abbey name and included both the name of the abbey and the word Abbey, we have changed his name to Nicholas de Wauerley to meet his request for authenticity. [Nicholas de Wauerley, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Listed on the LoI as Anna von Regensburg, this name was submitted as Anya Von Regensberg and changed at Kingdom to match documented forms. Sommelier found information regarding the submitter's originally submitted given name:
Given this information, Anya is registerable as an English feminine given name. As the submitter allows any changes, we have returned the given name to the submitted form Anya. [Anya von Regensburg, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Silverswan was submitted under the Grandfather Clause. Though the LoI stated that Brian is the husband of Katriona Silverswan, no documentation was submitted supporting this relationship. (Please see the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for a discussion regarding the Grandfather Clause and documentation to support relationships.) Lacking documentation supporting the relationship between Brian and Katriona, Silverswan is not available to Brian via the Grandfather Clause.
The College was unable to find documentation of Silver used in an English sign name. The registration of Katriona's name states:
The registration requirements have changed since Katriona's registration in 1992. Lacking evidence of Silver used in an English sign name, Silverswan is not registerable. Brian may register it if documentation is provided to support Katriona as his legal wife. Given the examples listed in the January 1992 LoAR and those found by the College, Whiteswan would be registerable as a locative byname derived from a sign name. However, it was felt that the change from Silverswan to Whiteswan was a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Brian Silverswan, 01/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Her previous submission, Belphoebe de Givet, was returned in February 2002 with the explanation:
The current submission documents Bell and Phoebe as English given names, with Bell being a diminutive of Isabel. There was also some concern that the combination of two given names that sounds identical to the returned Belphoebe did not clear the previous issue with Belphoebe. A parallel issue with the name Lora Leigh has previously been ruled on:
Bell Phoebe is similar to Belphoebe in the same way that Lora Leigh is similar to Loralei. Therefore, given the Lora Leigh precedent cited above, Bell Phoebe is registerable in this name. [Bell Phoebe de Givet, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Charles Rodney McIam, no documentation was presented and none was found that McIam is a plausible period variant of the Scots (a language closely related to English) byname McJames. Additionally, no support was found for Iam as a period form of James in Scotland. Black (p. 520 s.n. MacJames) dates Alexander McJames to 1529, Johannes McJamis doy to 1537, and William McJames to 1602. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the submitted byname to the documented form McJames in order to register this name.
The documentation for Rodney shows Rodney to be a surname derived from an English placename. No support was found for Rodney as a given name in period. No evidence was found to support a construction [given name] [English surname] [Scots Mc-style byname]. Therefore, in order to register this name, we have changed this name to use Rodney as a placename since [given name] [byname] of [placename] is documented for both English and Scots. Charles Rodney and Charles McJames would also be registerable forms of this name. [Charles McJames of Rodney, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | [Alternate name Emma Wulfwinesdohtor] Listed on the LoI as Emma Wulfwinedoghter, this name was submitted as Emma Wulfwinesdoghter and changed at Kingdom to follow examples of bynames found in Reaney & Wilson. The submitter requested authenticity for 7th to 11th C Anglo-Saxon and allowed any changes. Emma Wulfwinedoghter is a Middle English form of this name. The Old English form of this name is Emma Wulfwinesdohtor. We have made this change to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Emma Wolvyne, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | The LoI stated that Brigid was documented "from Withycombe under 'Bridget' dated to 1480 in England p 54." However, Brigid is a Gaelic form. Metron Ariston provided information regarding the person mentioned in Withycombe who is dated to 1480:
Combining Gaelic and Welsh in a name has previously been ruled unregisterable. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found English forms of Brigid:
Changing Brigid to any of these forms would be a major change, since it changes the language of this element. The submitter allowed major and minor changes, but noted on her form that she requested she be called first. Given the number of submissions that are processed at the Laurel level each month, it is not feasible to individually contact submitters. Therefore, we are interpreting her form as "no major changes". As changing Brigid to an English form is a major change, this submission must be returned. Bynames used in women's names in Welsh need to be lenited. The lenited form of the submitted bynames Gwyllt Glas would be Wyllt Las. [Brigid Gwyllt Glas, 01/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Ùna inghen ui Griffin, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. Her forms indicated that the meaning 'Una, daughter of Clan Griffin' was most important to her. The submitted byname inghen ui Griffin combined the Gaelic inghen ui with the English or Anglicized Irish Griffin, and so violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Additionally, Gaelic names are registerable if accents are used or omitted consistently. We have changed this to the fully Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Ùna inghean uí Ghríobhtha in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Ùna inghean uí Ghríobhtha, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Cassandra of Wolf's Rock, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C and allowed any changes. The only documentation provided for Wolf's Rock in the LoI was the statement "Constructed place name based on location named after a person named Wolf (s.n. Reaney and Wilson p498)". This provides no evidence that Rock would have been used as a toponymic element in a placename.
The only example that the College found of the element rock (with the meaning of 'rock' rather than some other meaning) used in a placename was in Mills (s.n. Rock [second entry with this header]), who dates Rok to 1242 in reference to a location in Northumberland and says, "Probably Middle English rokke 'a rock, a peak'. Ekwall (p. 390 s.n. Rock [first entry with this header]) gives the meaning of this location in Northumberland as being derived from "OE rocc 'rock' (an early Romance loan-word)". However, this sole instance of Rock as a placename does not support the construction [person's name]'s Rock. Lacking evidence that Rock would be combined with other elements in an English placename in this manner, it is not registerable. [Cassandra of Wolf's Rock, 01/2003 LoAR, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Celestria de Celtanhomme, the submitter requested authenticity for "English/Norman" and allowed minor changes. Celtenhomme is the dative case of the Old English name for Cheltenham. No documentation was presented and none was found that Celtanhomme is a plausible variant of the documented
Celtenhomme. Lacking evidence that the form Celtanhomme is plausible in period, it is not registerable.
As an Old English placename in the dative case, Celtenhomme is not grammatically compatible with de, which is Latin and which does not take a dative case. We have changed this byname to the fully Old English form of Celtenhomme in order to register this name. In Old English bynames, of is followed by the dative case of a placename, so of Celtenhomme is grammatically correct. The submitter requested authenticity for "English/Norman". Ekwall (p. 99 s.n. Cheltenham) dates Chilteham to 1156. Celestria de Chilteham would be an authentic form of this name for her desired time and culture. However, changing the language of the byname from Old English to Middle English is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Celestria of Celtenhomme, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Cecily Wytherlok', the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 15th C English. The apostrophe in the submitted byname Wytherlok' represents a scribal abbreviation. Reaney & Wilson (p. 47 s.n. Blacklock) date Peter Blacloke to 1275, Adam Blaklok to 1332, and Robert Blaykelok to 1431. Based on these examples, unabbreviated forms of the submitted name would be Wytherlok and Wytherloke (which is likely the form abbreviated as Wytherlok'). Since we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have changed the byname to the first of these two forms, as it is the closer of the two to the submitted form, in order to register this name. [Cecily Wytherlok, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | There was some question regarding whether Elkanah was used in period, since the only dated example provided for this name was a reference to a person born in 1642. J. W. Garrett-Pegge, A Transcript of the First Volume, 1538-1636, of the Parish Register of Chesham, Buckingham County (p. 59) lists Elcanah as the name given to a child at baptism on May 28, 1587, showing that this was one of the Biblical names that came into use after the Reformation. The same source (p. 225) also records the marriage of Elkanah Gladman on December 5, 1626. [Elkanah MacDonald, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | The Middle English particle atte means 'at the' and is used with words that refer to generic locations such as a ridge, a hill, or water. Reaney & Wilson (p. 332 s.n. Otterburn) date Rannulf de Oterburn' to 1219, Helias de Hoterburne to 1274-5, and Alan de Ottyrburne to 1246. This entry indicates that the location referred to in this byname is the formal name of several locations. As it is a proper noun, not a general description of a location, it is not compatible with atte. Therefore, atte Oterburne is not registerable.
Correctly constructed forms of this byname include the Middle English forms listed in Reaney & Wilson. The Old English form æt Otreburne would be appropriate for the submitted given name Ælfled and would sound close to the submitted atte Oterburne. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change this byname to any of these forms in order to register this name. [Ælfled atte Oterburne, 12/2002, R-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Helewis of Richmond, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C English and allowed any changes. The spelling Richmond seems to have come into use after her desired period. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Richmond) date Roger de Richemund to 1199, Adam de Richemond to 1296, and William Richemound 1326. We have changed the spelling of the byname to use Richemond to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired period. [Helewis of Richemond, 12/2002, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Sabin of Salisbury, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C (no language or culture specified) and allowed any changes. The spelling Salisbury seems to have come into use after her desired period. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Salisbury) date William de Salesberie to 1115 and Bernard de Salesbiry to 1246. We have changed the spelling of the byname to use Salesbiry to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired period. [Sabin of Salesbiry, 12/2002, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Tancred of Tanglewood, this name was returned in January 1998 with the commentary:
[Tancred of Tanglewood] This is being returned for lack of documentation for the placename. The documentation boiled down to it being the English translation of an Icelandic byname that sounds a bit like an English byname. Barring documentation of the byname we have to return the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1998, p. 22) In the current submission, the LoI stated that: Tangle or a variation can be found in various sources. Oxford English Dictionary of Place Names, A.D.Mills page 338 - Tangley Hants, Tangelea 1175. Possibly woodlands clearing at the spits of land. The Scots dictionary lists Tangle page 247. A type of brown seaweed with long broad fronds. And in Scottish Place Names, George MacKay lists Taing as a common name along the Orkney Shetland coast meaning a low headland. Sigil provided thorough commentary on the submitted locative Tanglewood: Mills derives Tangley (Tangelea 1175) from tang + lea, "woodland clearing at the spits of land" This seems likely, as the OED lists the etymology of tang as ON. tange point, spit of land.Norw, Da tange, Sw.T{a@}ng(e, Faeroese tangi [all sic]. This is also the likely derivation for the cited Taing in MacKay; Tangley seems an unlikely derivation for the Tangle in Tanglewood, as "wood" is already part of the name via "lea". Note that the OED lists "Tangle" too, but not in any way that is likely to be applied to "wood". The OED dates the noun definitions "A general term for the larger seaweeds" to 1536, "a tangled mass" to 1615,and a pendent icicle to 1673. As an adjective, "long and limp", it dates to 1817, and as a verb "To cover or wreath with intertwined growth" 1506, To intertwist into a tangle" 1530. Tangled dates to 1590 and tangling to 1586. Given this information, the hypothetical Tanglewood would be derived from tang + lea + wood. The problem is that both lea and wood are toponymics, lea referring to a woodland clearing and wood referring to a woodland or forest. Lacking evidence that a placename would combine these two elements in this manner, Tanglewood is not registerable. Given the examples Sigil discusses, Tangewood is a plausible location referring to a 'woodland at the spits of land'. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed the locative byname to of Tangewood in order to register this name. [Tancred of Tangewood, 12/2002, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Amelot d'Akeney, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C Norman English and allowed minor changes. The documentation provided for d'Akeney in the LoI was simply, "The submitter included Academy of St Gabriel Report 2502, which appeared entirely satisfactory documentation for her name." This is not a sufficient summarization of the information included in this report. The Cover Letter to the April 2000 LoAR included a discussion of required summarization of documentation. It included the statement:
Starting with the July 2000 LoI's we are going to tighten our interpretation of V.B.2.d. so that items that don't have a proper summary of supporting evidence may be returned instead of pended. Blatant cases (such as "<name> is Saint Gabriel Client #1234", or "<name> is Irish" or "<name> is in Withycombe") will be returned unless the College of Arms is able to provide appropriate supporting evidence in its commentary. The reason for this policy is obvious in this case, as shown by the information Aryanhwy merch Catmael quotes from this Saint Gabriel client report: [...]<d'Akeney> is not found in the report, though similar spellings are: So, the Saint Gabriel report does not, in fact, support the submitted form d'Akeney. Silver Nautilus provided an analysis of this name that explains why d'Akeney is not a plausible form in English: We can easily document "de Hakeney" (R&W s.n. Hackney dates "de Hakeneye" to 1275 and "Hakeney" without a preposition to 1327). S. Gabriel [client report 2502] finds "de Akeney" in 1295 in Aspilogia (tempore either Edward I or Henry III). However, it is less promising for the preposition as submitted; it states that while "de" contracts to "d'" in French (which would require the French form of the placename, Acquigny), it either contracts to "D-" or does not contract in English. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed the byname to de Akeney in order to register this name. [Amelot de Akeney, 12/2002, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Brighid of Guernsey, no evidence was found that the form Guernsey is a period spelling. Reaney & Wilson (p. 184 s.n. Garnesy) date both Peter Garnesey and Thomas Garnsey to 1524. Orle also found that Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 207) dates Garnsey to 1611. Given these examples, we have changed the locative byname to use the period form Garnsey in order to register this name. [Brighid of Garnsey, 12/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | The primary documentation for Cibella came from the International Genealogical Index (IGI), which is a source that should be avoided for SCA name documentation:
The only documentation provided for the given name was from the International Genealogical Index (IGI) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS). The IGI is not sufficient documentation for a submission. It is a database of names from records and is intended for use within the LDS. Some of the names listed come from primary sources, some from secondary sources, and some from tertiary sources. The information is submitted by many people who have varying levels of research skills. As such, inaccuracies in transcription and normalization of names renders it unsuitable for SCA heraldic use. [Gabrielle de Nevers, 09/01, A-Æthelmearc] Alternative documentation for Cibella was provided on the LoI. "Marriages from the Escomb Registers (1543-1837)" (http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/genuki/Transcriptions/DUR/ESC.html) dates Cibell Stubbs to November 24, 1591, in a record written in English. "Marriages from the Chester-le-Street Registers (1582-1699)" (http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/genuki/Transcriptions/DUR/CLS1582.html) lists several records written in Latin with forms of Sibella: Sibilla Duddon (November 3, 1588), Sibella Sanders (June 1, 1589), Sibella Harrison (December 16, 1590), and Sibilla Simson (December 25, 1594). Based on these examples, Cibella is a reasonable Latin form of the English Cibell and is, therefore, registerable. [Cibella Monmouth, 12/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Avilina Mac Andrew, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C English and allowed any changes. Mac Andrew is a modern form of a Scots (a language closely related to English) name. The earliest surviving Scots documents date from the late 14th C. Black (p. 452 s.n MacAndrew) dates the forms Makandro to 1502 and MacAndro to 1550. Reaney & Wilson (p. 11 s.n. Andrew) show English forms of the byname Andrew, which originally indicated a father named Andrew just as Mac Andrew did in Scots, and date Moricius Andrewys to 1275 and William Andreu to 1237. Since the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the byname to the form Andreu in order to make this name authentic for her requested time and culture. [Avilina Andreu, 12/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Jean d'Esledes, the LoI stated that the submitter requested "an authentic French/Burgundian name meaning 'John of Leeds' accurate for the Hundred Year War time period". The time period of the Hundred Years War begins in the early/mid 14th C and ends in the early 15th C. Esledes was documented as dating to the Domesday Book (which means either 1066 or 1086) in Ekwall (p. 293 s.n. Leeds). Presumably, the form Esledes is, therefore, Old English or Latin. Regardless, combining it with the French d' violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. This form is also around 250-350 years too early for the submitter's requested time period. Reaney & Wilson (p. 275 s.n. Leeds) dates Hugh de Leedes to 1285. We have changed the byname to this form to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. As we were unable to find a French form of the byname, we were unable to make this name completely authentic for the submitter's requested culture. [Jean de Leedes, 12/2002, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | No documentation was found that a locative byname (such as Shelby) without a particle would follow an occupational byname that does include a particle (such as la lavendière). We have added the particle de in order to register this name. [Lisette la lavendière de Shelby, 12/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Wesbellford, Canton of, the submitters requested authenticity for a time period (rather than a language/culture), but did not specify a desired time period.
The documentation provided for this submission supports West- as the first portion of a two-theme placename such as Westbury. The submitted documentation did not support prepending West- to an already existing independent placename. Ekwall dates Westhalcton to c1240 (p. 253 s.n. Houghton), Westhamtonet to 1317 (p. 215 s.n. Hampnett), West Burton to 1279, and Westburgton to 1230 (both p. 77 s.n. Burton), which provides support for this type of construction. Authentic forms of this name can be determined from several examples. Ekwall (p. 34 s.n. Belford) dates Beleford to 1242 and Belleford to 1300. Reaney & Wilson (p. 37 s.n. Belford) dates James de Beleford to 1147, Thomas de Belfford to 1390, and William Belford to 1421. Given these examples, Westbeleford and West Beleford would be authentic forms of this name for the mid 13th C. Westbelleford would be an authentic form of this name for the late 13th C or early 14th C. We have changed the spelling of this name to Westbelleford, the closest of these authentic forms to the submitted form, to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.[Westbelleford, Canton of, 12/2002, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | The College found examples of names similar to the originally submitted Selia. We are including that information here as a courtesy to the submitter.
Forms of an English name similar in appearance to Selia were found in Reaney & Wilson (p. 397 s.n. Sealey) which dates Sela as a feminine given name to 1219 and Sely filia Nicholai to 1221. An Anglicized Irish form of the Gaelic Síle is mentioned in the precedent: Shilie ny Teige is among the five daughters of Teige O'Donovane listed in his will, dated to February 10, 1639, found on pp. 2460-2464 of John O'Donovan, Annals of Ireland, by the Four Masters, Vol. 6 (New York, N.Y.: AMS Press, 1966). As the Anglicized Irish form Shilie is dated to the gray area, it is registerable. [Shilie Stuart, 12/01, A-Meridies] Sommelier found several options for the submitter: Withycombe also dates Sela and Sely to 1221, Cecelya to 1303, Cycly and Sycily to 1604, and Sisley to 1623. I found no documentation for Selia but I did find some for Celia at http://www.ancestry.com (these records are available on a subscription basis - I can provide copies to Pelican if necessary). "Wills proved and Administrations Granted in the Court of the Archdeacon of Berks, 1508-1652" has "1574 Cox or Coxe Celia, Uffington F. 436". The other entry is from "Lancashire: Standish - Parish Register, 1560-1653"; a baptismal record "Celia fa. Evani Heaton et Katherinae 04 Sep 1613". These are at best a secondary sources - I can't tell if the data is coming from images of the primary records or transcriptions of the data.[Cecily Mulligan, 12/2002, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Avin' de Saint-Vaast, Avin' is a scribal abbreviation, which we do not register. We have expanded the name to the full form Avina in order to register this name. [Avina de Saint-Vaast, 11/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Michael of the Fray, the College found support for Fray as a patronymic byname, which would not include of the. Lacking evidence that of the Fray is a plausible period construction, it is not registerable. We have registered this name as Michael Fray, as the submitter allows. [Michael Fray, 11/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Diamanda de Beauchamp of Meryfield, submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed minor changes. As submitted, this name contained two locative bynames that both included prepositions. The most recent precedent regarding such a construction is:
Similarly, we have dropped de in this submission in order to register this name. All the elements of this name were documented as English. Lacking evidence that they were used in Ireland, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested culture. [Diamanda Beauchamp of Meryfield, 11/2002, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Sommelier provided documentation for Claymore as a constructed placename:
Given this information, Claymore is registerable as a byname referring to a location. [Renee Claymore, 11/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Submitted as Georgius of Canterbury, the submitter requested authenticity for English. Georgius is a Latinized form of the name George. In period records, a name that is culturally English would typically be recorded completely in Latin or completely in Middle English depending upon the language of the record in which the name is recorded. Mills s.n. Canterbury dates the form Canterburie to 1086. A fully Latinized form of this name would be Georgius de Canterburie. A fully Middle English form of this name would be George of Canterburie. As the Latinized form is the closer of these to the submitted form, we have changed this name to a fully Latinized form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Georgius de Canterburie, 11/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | The submitter requested authenticity for English and allowed minor changes. All of the submitted elements of this name were documented to 13th C England. However, double given names were a late-period development in English and so are not authentic for 13th C English. Since unmarked matronymics were used in England, the submitted name may be considered as a given name + unmarked matronymic byname + occupational byname, which is authentic for the 13th C. [Maudeleyn Godeliva Taillour, 11/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Stowe on the Wald, Canton of, this name combined the Middle English Stowe on the with the Old English Wald. As a placename is a single name phrase, the submitted form was in violation of RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name element. Mills (s.n. Stow, Stowe) dates Stowe on the Olde to 1574. Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 83, map of Gloucestershire, map dated to 1610) lists Stowe on y(e) wowld ("(e)" represents a superscript 'e'). We have changed Wald to Wowld to make the entire name Middle English in order to register the name. [Stowe on the Wowld, Canton of, 10/2002, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Margiad verch Llywelyn, the submitter requested authenticity for Welsh and allowed any changes. Black Pillar clarified that the submitter was actually most interested in the sound of the name and had originally wanted Margate, "a place name that was unsuitable for a given name", and so chose Margiad as a similar sounding Welsh name.
Margiad was documented as a Welsh form of Margaret from Withycombe (pp. 206-7 s.n. Margaret). When Withycombe is discussing languages other than English, she is usually referring to modern forms unless she specifically states otherwise. Gruffudd also lists Margiad, but gives no dates for this name. When Gruffudd does not list dates for a name, he is normally referring to modern forms. The College was unable to find any evidence that Margiad was used in period, though period Welsh forms of Margaret were found. Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/welsh13.html) lists Margareta and Marured as Welsh forms of Margaret. This article also lists Lewelin and Lewelyn as forms of Llywelyn found in this time period. From this information, authentic 13th C forms of this name would be the Latinized Welsh form Margareta filia Lewelin and the Welsh forms Marured verch Lewelin and Marured verch Lewelyn. Lacking evidence that Margiad is a plausible period form, it is not registerable. Since the submitter originally desired Margate as a given name, it is important to note that Margate, listed as a form of Margaret, is dated to 1598 and 1600 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "Names found in Quedgeley, Glouchestershire Marriage Registers 1559-1600" (http://www.sit.wisc.edu/~sfriedemann/names/quedgeley.htm). Quedgeley is a location in Gloucestershire, England, which bordered Wales in the 16th C. A form of Llywelyn used as a surname also appears in Gloucestershire. Irvine Gray and J. E. Gethyn-Jones, ed., The Registers of the Church of St. Mary's, Dymock, 1538-1790 (p. 24) dates Antony Fluellyn to 1563. So, Margate Fluellyn would be an authentic form of this name for 16th C Gloucestershire. Since Black Pillar has had contact with the submitter and has clarified that the sound of her name is most important to her, we are registering this name as Margate verch Llywelyn. [Margate verch Llywelyn, 10/2002, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Eulalia deRavenfeld, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 14th C England and allowed minor changes.
Eulalia was documented from Withycombe (p. 110 s.n. Eulalia), which describes this name as fairly common in Spain and France. However, when Withycombe is discussing languages other than English, she is generally referring to modern usage. This entry also gives the French form of the name as Eulalie, but gives no dates for this form. Aryanhwy merch Catmael and Talan Gwynek's article "Names Found in Commercial Documents from Bordeaux, 1470-1520" (http://www.sit.wisc.edu/~sfriedemann/names/bordeaux.htm) lists Jehan Baudric de Sainte-Eulalie. This shows that Saint Eulalia was well-known enough in France to have a place named for her (as shown in this locative byname) and that the form her name took was Eulalie. Eulalia would be the logical Latinized form of the French Eulalie, and so would be registerable. Regarding a form of this name found in England, the entry in Withycombe dates English examples of this name: Eulalia Sarat to 1684 and Ulalia Moyle to 1657. The College found that Reaney & Wilson (p. s.n. Hillary) date forms of Eulalia in the submitter's desired time period: Eularia, Eilaria, and Yllaria to 1200; Eularia and Elaria to 1212; and Illaria, Ilaria, and Hillaria to 1219. We have added a space in the byname de Ravenfeld to follow period usage. [Eulalia de Ravenfeld, 10/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Amanda was submitted under the Legal Name Allowance. However, no documentation (such as a photocopy of a driver's license) was provided to support Amanda as the submitter's legal given name. Lacking such support, Amanda is not registerable under the legal name allowance.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 10 s.n. Amand) date Amanda filia Johannis to 1221. Therefore, Amanda is documented as a feminine name in period and is so registerable. [Amanda of Stonemarche, 10/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Mary Rose of Burgundy, the submitter requested authenticity for the year 1445 Bardsley (p. 148 s.n. Burgon) gives this name as deriving from de Burgoyne, referring to "a native of Burgundy", and dates Elizabet de Burgon to 1379. As this was the closest dated form of this byname that we could find to 1445, we have changed the byname to this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. While double given names were not used in this period, Rose can be viewed as a matronymic byname (indicating her mother's given name). Therefore, Mary Rose de Burgon would be viewed as [given name] + [matronymic byname] + [locative byname] which is a construction that was used in the submitter's desired time period. [Mary Rose de Burgon, 10/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Christina Elisabeth Spicewell, the LoI documented Spicewell as an occupational byname:
Several epithets of the form {verb}-wel, including "Waitwel" (probably a servant), are listed in J{o'}ns{o'}. And 'spice' was used as a verb in 1377 (OED). Presumably the author that the LoI is referring to is Jönsö, who is the author of Middle English Nicknames. However, Jönsö is not included in the list of works in the Administrative Handbook under "Appendix H - Name Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel", and no photocopies were included with the submission. As the provided documentation was insufficient, and the College was not able to find support for Spicewell, it is not registerable. As the submitter allows any changes, we have dropped the problematic element. Since matronymic bynames (bynames derived from a mother's name) were used in English, Christina Elisabeth is registerable a feminine given name (Christina) with an unmarked matronymic byname (Elisabeth). If the submitter is interested in a byname referring to spices, she may wish to know that the College found forms of Spicer used to refer to "a dealer in spices; an apothecary or druggist". Reaney & Wilson (p. 420 s.n. Spicer), which dates William le Espicier to 1184, Bertram le Specier to 1200, Robert le Spicer to 1201, and Hugo le Especer to 1214. Bardsley (p. 707 s.n. Spicer) dates Simon le Spicere and William Speciar to 1273, and Adam Spisar and Giliaum Spyser to 1379. [Christina Elisabeth, 10/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Antony Martin de Schefeld, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th to 15th C England. The LoI also noted that he would prefer of Sheffield over de Schefeld "if that can be supported and registered". Reaney & Wilson (p. 404 s.n. Sheffield) date Thomas de Sheffeld to 1328, and (p. 321 s.n. Newcastle) date Agnes of Newcastle to 1315 and Adam de Newcastle to 1340. Given these examples, the form of Sheffeld is authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture, and is much closer than the submitted de Schefeld to his desired form of Sheffield. Therefore, we have changed the locative byname to of Sheffeld to meet the submitter's request for authenticity in conjunction with his desired spelling. [Antony Martin of Sheffeld, 10/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Felice Throckmorton, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 14th C (presumably English) and allowed any changes. Reaney & Wilson (p. 445 s.n. Throckmorton) dates Adam de Throkemerton' to 1221 and Robert de Throkemarton to 1327. As it is not unusual for English locative bynames to omit a particle such as de in the 14th C, we have changed the byname to the form Throkemarton to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Felice Throkemarton, 10/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Henry Balsac Dumass, no documentation was presented and none was found for the second s in the submitted Dumass. Therefore, we have changed this byname to the documented form Dumas. [Henry Balsac Dumas, 10/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Simon the Dark Hand, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C Angevin England, specifically a person born in 1185 in Essex to a Saxon family, and allowed any changes. The submission form shows that the submitter intended the Dark Hand to be a single byname, though it was documented as two separate bynames (the Dark and Hand) on the LoI. Reaney & Wilson date Aluric Godhand to c. 1095 (p. 198 s.n. Goodhand), Richard Whithand to 1204 (p. 487 s.n. Whitehand), and Richard Hand to 1279 (p. 215 s.n. Hand). No examples were found of Dark used as a protheme in bynames, so a compound byname such as Darkhand is not plausible. Given this information, we have changed this name to Simon Hand to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Simon Hand, 10/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | The LoI noted that if the submitter's "name must be changed she cares most about the language/culture (14-15th century Italy, for English mercenaries there)." As she did not request authenticity, we have made no changes to this name. However, given the specific culture she is interested in, she may wish to know about some information that the College found. Sir John Hawkwood's name was normally rendered in Italian as Giovanni Acuto. Given this example, it is most likely that the submitted name would vary depending upon whether the woman in question was being referred to by English speakers living in Italy, or if she was being referred to by Italian speakers. Among the English speakers, she would likely be known simply as Catharine Hawkwod. Among Italian speakers, she would most likely be known by an Italian form of her name, such as Caterina Acuto or Caterina Acuto da Barbiano. [Catharine Hawkwod da Barbiano, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Reaney & Wilson (p. 495 s.n. Wind) give examples of forms of Wind as a locative byname. Therefore, the submitted name has the structure of given name + descriptive byname + locative byname and is registerable. [Wulf Gray Wind, 09/2002 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Sadb inghean Constance, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish. The byname inghean Constance combined the Gaelic particle inghean with the English feminine given name Constance. Since RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase, such as inghean Constance, this byname is not registerable. We have dropped the particle inghean in order to register this name as an Irish feminine given name and an English matronymic byname. Lacking evidence that the name Constance was used in Ireland, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired culture. [Sadb Constance, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Shane of Drake's Vale, no documentation was presented and none was found that Drake's Vale is a plausible period placename. Reaney & Wilson (p. 141 s.n. Drake) date David Drake to 1185, and (p. 464 s.n. Vale) John Vale to 1382. These entries show Drake to be a descriptive byname originally meaning 'dragon' or an occupational byname referring to a standard bearer, and Vale to be a locative byname referring to a generic 'valley' location. As the submitter allows any changes and noted that sound was most important, we have changed this name to use Drake and Vale as two separate bynames in order to register this name with a minimum of changes to its sound. [Shane Drake Vale, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Iain mac Caradoc, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Scots and allowed any changes. Iain is a Gaelic masculine given name, ruled SCA compatible in April 1997. However, no evidence has yet been found that it was used in period. The submitted byname mac Caradoc combined the Scots or Anglicized Irish particle mac with the Welsh name Caradoc. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency in a single name phrase. Therefore, the phrase mac Caradoc is in violation of this rule and is not registerable. No examples were found of any form of Caradoc in either Gaelic or Scots (a language closely related to English). Therefore, we have changed the byname to the form Cradoc, which is a plausible form based on the examples of Philip Craddoc dated to 1205 and Robert Cradock dated to 1301, both in England, in Reaney & Wilson (p. 114 s.n. Craddock). Morgan & Morgan (p. 67 s.n. Caradog) explain that the change in this name from Caradoc to Cradoc forms is due to an accent shift in early Welsh. Use of an element that is only SCA compatible (Iain in this case) counts as a weirdness. Combining English and Gaelic in a single name is also a weirdness. To avoid having two weirdnesses in this name, which would cause the return of this name, we have changed the given name to the form Ian, which is also SCA compatible. Since Ian is Scots, and mixing Scots and English in a single name carries no weirdness for the lingual mix, Ian Cradoc is a registerable form of the submitted name. [Ian Cradoc, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Catherine of Dark Forest, no documentation was provided and none was found that Dark was used as an element in an English placename in period. Lacking such evidence, Dark Forest is not registerable. Reaney & Wilson (p. 174 s.n. Forest) dates Adam ate Forest to 1300 and Anabilla del fforest to 1354. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Dark) dates John Darke to 1362, showing an example of Darke as a descriptive byname. Therefore, Catherine of the Forest and Catherine Darke of the Forest are registerable forms of this name. As the latter contains all of the submitted elements, though in a different order than submitted, we have changed the name to this form in order to register this name. [Catherine Darke of the Forest, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | This name has two weirdnesses. There is one weirdness for use of an element (in this case Corwyn) that is only SCA compatible. Corwyn is a variant of Corwin, which is an English surname that is SCA compatible as a given name. There is a second weirdness for combining English and Scots in a name (per the ruling for Katrina Rosehearty in the LoAR of September 2001). [Corwyn MacCamie, 09/2002 LoAR, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Constance Warwick of Wyndermere, the submitter requested authenticity for Britain during 1200-1300 and allowed minor changes. The LoI stated that:
In the submitter's desired time period, bynames were used literally. As both Warwick and Wyndermere refer to locations, these two bynames would not have been used in the same name during the submitter's desired time period. Bardley (p. 795 s.n. Warwick) dates John de Warrewyc, Matilda de Warewyck, and John de Warewyk to 1273. So authentic forms indicating a woman from Warwick in the submitter's desired time period would be Constance de Warrewyc, Constance de Warewyck, and Constance de Warewyk. Ekwall (p. 524 s.n. Windermere) dates the forms Winandemere to 1203 and Wynandermer to 1282. So authentic forms indicating a woman from Windermere in the submitter's desired time period would be Constance de Winandemere and Constance de Wynandermer. The submitter indicated that she was willing to change Warwick to Warrick. Reaney & Wilson (p. 477 s.n. Warrick) date Roger Warrock to 1271 and give this as an occupational byname indicating a maker of warrocks, which were wedges used to tighten scaffolding, or a builder of scaffolds. Authentic forms of a name for 1200-1300 that indicated that a woman named Constance was involved in making warrocks or scaffolds and was from Windermere, would be Constance Warrock de Winandemere and Constance Warrock de Wynandermer. As the first of these is the name closest to the submitted form that is authentic for the submitter's requested time period, we have changed the name to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. It is worth noting that the submitted name, with a minor spelling change to the final element, would be authentic for the late 16th to the early 17th C. By the 16th C, inherited surnames had come into use. Julian Goodwyn's article "Brass Enscription Index" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/brasses/) dates Constance to 1581. Bardsley (p. 795 s.n. Warwick) dates Richard Warwick to 1601. Speed, The Counties of Britain (p. 182, map of Westmorland, most maps dated 1610), lists a town or village named Wynandermere. So, Constance Warwick of Wynandermere (which adds only two characters to the submitted Wyndermere) would be an authentic form of this name for the late 16th - early 17th C. [Constance Warrock de Winandemere, 08/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Avice of Greylyng, Greylyng is a reasonable variant of the byname Greyling, which Reaney & Wilson (p. 203 s.n. Grayling) date to 1317 in the example of Robert Greyling. However, this entry clearly indicates that this byname derives from the Old French given name Graelent, showing that this byname is a patronymic byname, not a locative byname. We have therefore removed of (as it is not used in patronymic bynames) in order to register this name. [Avice Greylyng, 08/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Thomasina l'Estranier, this name was submitted as Thomasine l'Estranier. The given name was changed at kingdom to a form documented to 1346 in England as the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C "Anglo-French".
The submitted byname l'Estranier is a masculine form of this French byname. Since the given name is feminine, the byname needs to be in a feminine form. Marie-Thérèse Morlet, Étude d'Anthroponymie Picarde (p. 417), dates Jehan l'Estranier (a man) to 1438 and Jehenne l'Estrennere (a woman) to 1324. We have changed the byname to the feminine form dated to 1324 in the example above in order to register the name. [Thomasina l'Estrennere, 08/2002, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Geoffrey de Grene de Boketon, the submitter provided genealogical information as part of his documentation. Genealogical information must be used with care when used as name submission documentation. In this instance, the information provided (combined with information from other sources including Reaney & Wilson) supports de Grene and de Boketon as bynames in period. However, none of the information provided showed evidence that the combined form de Grene de Boketon is a form that would have appeared in period documents. By the time that double bynames appeared in late period, the first byname was normally an inherited surname. In the case of locative bynames, they normally dropped the preposition when they became surnames. A name of the form Geoffrey Grene de Boketon would be understood in late period to refer to a man named Geoffrey Grene who lived at or came from a place named Boketon. Lacking evidence that an English name in period would have included two locative bynames that both contained prepositions, the submitted form is not registerable. On his submission form, the submitter indicated that if the full name as submitted was not registerable, he wished the form Geoffrey de Boketon. Therefore, we are registering that form, rather than the form Geoffrey Grene de Boketon, which is also registerable. [Geoffrey de Boketon, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Matatias de domo Leah le Blund, the submitter requested an authentic Jewish name for Angevin England. Julie Stampnitzky provided commentary regarding authentic forms of this name for the submitter's desired time and culture:
Lacking evidence that de domo would be used to refer to a feminine name, a byname constructed de domo [feminine name] is not registerable. We have changed de domo to filius, meaning 'son', as suggested by Julie. We have also put Leah into the genitive form Lie and modified le Blund to agree with the gender of the name it is describing (here Leah) as required by Latin grammar. [Matatias filius Lie Blunde, 08/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | This submission generated some discussion, both in the College of Arms and in private e-mail to Laurel. This name arguably has a small potential of being mispronounced by less knowledgeable readers as "Damn Bastard". Therefore, the registerability of these two elements, whether combined or separate, must be examined. RfS IV.1 (Vulgar Names) states, "Pornographic or scatological terms will not be registered. Obscene terminology, sexually explicit material, bathroom or toilet humor, etc. are considered inherently offensive by a large segment of the Society and general population."
Daimhin (properly pronounced approximately "dahv-in") is an Irish Gaelic masculine given name that yielded the Anglicized form Davin. It has been registered without comment as recently as September of 2001 (Daimhín Sinna). No previous submissions of this element have generated any question of possible offensiveness. Since Daimhin when properly pronounced does not fall within names which should be considered "inherently offensive by a large segement of the Society," it continues to be registerable. Bastard is a period descriptive byname documented in Scots and English and has been registered in various forms at least six times dating from 1983 to 1998. Most recently, it was registered without comment in March 1998 (Guy le Bastard) and April 1998 (Duftach Scott the Bastard). (In fact, in the form Lebatarde, and formerly le Batard, it is the registered byname of a former SCA Inc. Board member.) The registrations demonstrate that this element is not "considered inherently offensive by a large segment of the Society and general population" and so is registerable. Questions regarding public listing of a name containing this element have already been addressed by the kingdoms when printing lists of board members. Given that both elements are registerable on their own, the only issue that could be a reason for return would be the combination of these two name elements. In this case, a fully Anglicized form Davin Bastard would certainly be no more of an issue than the registered Guy le Bastard and Duftach Scott the Bastard. Given that Daimhin has not generated so much as a murmur of a possible violation of RfS IV.1, it is demonstratedly not an issue on its own. Given this information, including previous registrations, this submission does not violate RfS IV.1 and is registerable. [Daimhin Bastard, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | The submitter requested authenticity for 12th C English. The byname Ravenskeep was undocumented in the LoI except for noting its registration as a household name, which the submitter cannot claim under the Grandfather Clause. The element -keep was upheld as SCA compatible in the LoAR of November 2001:
The College found evidence of English placenames that include Ravens- as a protheme, making Ravenkeep a registerable placename, with one weirdness for use of an SCA compatible element (-keep). [Michael of Ravenskeep, 07/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | The submitted byname de Castelyn combines the locative particle de 'of' with the occupational byname Castelyn, which is not a plausible combination. Metron Ariston explains:
As the submitter allowed no changes, we were unable to either drop de and register the byname simply as Castelyn or change the spelling of Castelyn to a documented locative form. [Romanus de Castelyn, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Wolfry� of Leeds, the submitter requested authenticity for "12th century (1350's) England" [sic]. Reaney & Wilson (p. 501 s.n. Woolfrey) date William Wlfry� to 1279, and (p. 275 s.n. Leeds) Hugh de Leedes to 1285. As Wlfry� is used in the cited name as an unmarked patronymic, it is a plausible form for a given name as well. Locative bynames forms using of and de are found in the 14th C, as shown in Reaney & Wilson (p. 321 s.n. Newcastle), which dates Agnes of Newcastle to 1315 and Adam de Newcastle to 1340. Since a locative byname using of is authentic for the submitter's desired time period, we have registered the byname using of rather than de when modifying the name to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Wlfry� of Leedes, 07/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Note: Margarete is used as an unmarked matronymic byname. Orle found a period example of exactly this spelling in Bardsley (p. 513 s.n. Margaret), which dates Hugh Margarete to 1273. [Elizabeth Margarete, 07/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Brita Hughs, the LoI noted that she "wishes the name to be Swedish, with the caveat that she primarily wishes it to reflect her marriage to her husband, who carries the SCA name Hugh de Bardenay (recently submitted)." The College found examples of widows whose bynames indicated their husband's given name. This was done by putting the husband's name in the genitive case. It is less clear whether a woman whose husband was still living would have used this form. As we were unable to find a Swedish form of Hugh, we were unable to meet this request.
In English, the byname Hughes is a patronymic that became an inherited surname. No evidence was found that it would have indicated a husband's name. All forms of this byname that the College was able to find in period were spelled Hughes. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. A name mixing Swedish and English is registerable with a weirdness. [Brita Hughes, 07/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Desiree of Colecestra, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C England in the region of Essex. As the form Colecestra is a Latin form, we have changed the byname to the completely Latin form de Colecestra to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to comply with RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a single name phrase. [Desiree de Colecestra, 07/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | The submitter requested authenticity for the 16th C and did not specify a language or culture. Delphina is a Latinized form of the French name Delphine, which was the name of a saint from Provence who lived in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Bardsley (p. 505 s.n. Mad) dates Jordan le Madde to temp. Edward I. By the 16th C, surnames had virtually completely replaced literal bynames in both France and England. As we were unable to find appropriate forms of either element in the 16th C, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time period. [Delphina the Mad, 07/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | As submitted, this name was documented as mixing French (Jeanne), Italian (Francesca), and English (Fitzgerald). There was some question regarding whether such a mix was registerable. Since Julian Goodwyn's article Brass Enscription Index (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/brasses/) dates the name Jeanne to 1530 in Kent, this name may be regarded as a mix of English and Italian and so is registerable. [Jeanne Francesca Fitzgerald, 07/2002, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Justinos Tekton, the submitter requested authenticity for Byzantine. Iustinos is a Latin form and Justin is an English form of this given name. As Latin does not include a J, the submitted Justinos is not a valid variant of the documented Iustinos. We have changed the given name to this form in order to register this name. [Iustinos Tekton, 07/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Submitted as Edana inghean an Druaidh, this submission is an appeal of the registered form Edan inghean an Druiadh, which was registered in December 2000.
Edana was submitted as a hypothetical Latinized form of the feminine given name Edan, which is dated to 1379 in Withycombe (s.n. Edith). However, the form Edan appears in a Latin context as seen in Bardsley (p. 265 s.n. Eden), which dates the entries "Robertus Busby, et Eden uxor ejus, smyth" and "Johannes Slipar, et Edan uxor ejus" to 1379. In these cases, Eden and Edan are used as nominative case Latin forms. The form Edine cited in the LoI may be found in the same entry in Bardsley in the name Nel fil. Edine which is dated to 1273. In this case, Edine is a genitive form, which would not have been used in the given name position in a name. Since Edan and Eden are the documented Latinized forms of this name, and their forms contradict the hypothetical construction Edana, Edana is not a plausible variant of this name based on the submitted documentation. We have corrected the misspelling in the byname. [Edan inghean an Druaidh, 06/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Submitted as Jonathan D'Abernon, the submitter requested authenticity for Norman language/culture. D'Abernon was submitted as a header form appearing in Reaney & Wilson. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. In this case, examples under this header and others indicate that the d is in lowercase if the name includes de or the d'. In these cases, the initial letter of the location name is capitalized. In cases where some form of de has been prepended to the location name, only the first letter (D) is capitalized. Examples regarding this name are found in Reaney & Wilson (p. 123 s.n. D'Abernon) which date Roger de Abernon to 1086 and Jordan Dabernun to 1197. Lacking evidence that a form such as D'Abernon is plausible in period, it is not registerable. We have changed the capitalization in this name to match documented forms in order to register the name. [Jonathan d'Abernon, 06/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Adriana was documented as the name of a character in Shakespere's Comedy of Errors. Since Bardsley (p. 161 s.n. Carn) dates Adriana Lynch to 1547-8 as the wife listed on a marriage license, the name Adriana is documented as a feminine given name used in England in period, in addition to being a name used in literary works. [Adriana Featherstonehaugh, 06/2002, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Kiersey was cited as a subheader in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Kersey) and as a subheader in MacLysaght (s.n. Keirsey). In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern might not be registerable. This has been handled on a case by case basis. In this instance, Woulfe (p. 254 s.n. de C�arsaigh) dates de Kersey to temp. Elizabeth I-James I and says that this name refers to Kersey in Suffolk. None of the examples of this name which are dated to period in Reaney & Wilson, Bardsley, Ekwall, or Mills show a Kier- spelling. In fact, the only example of a spelling other than Ker- or Kar- are Old English examples (Cæresige circa 995 and Careseia 1086) found in both Ekwall and Mills. Lacking evidence that a spelling such as Kiersey is a plausible period variant, this spelling is not registerable. We would have modified the byname to the spelling Kersey in order to register the name, but the submitter allowed no changes to the byname. [Katherine Kiersey, 06/2002, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | [House of Five Belles] Belle was documented as a variant spelling of Bell from Reaney & Wilson (p. 37 s.n. Bell) which dates John atte Belle to 1332. Therefore, House of Five Belles follows the construction of a sign name referring to five bells. [Eridana Ambra Dragotta, 05/2002, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | The submitter requested authenticity for 1500s England and allowed minor changes. Anastasia is dated to 1219 and 1220 in Withycombe (s.n. Anastasia). The College was unable to find examples of the full form of this name dated to later period in England. Examples of diminutive forms were found in Bardsley (p. 55 s.n. Anstee) which gives Anstie and Anstice as nicknames for Anastasia and dates Anstey Mankyswyll to 1520 and Anstice, daughter of John Nanskevell, to 1602. From the evidence, it seems probable that only diminutive forms of this name survived in the 16th C, and that the full form Anastasia was no longer used. Anstie Tremayne or Anstey Tremayne would be forms of this name that are documentably authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture. Given the difference in sound and appearance, it was generally felt that changing the given name from Anastasia to a diminutive form Anstey or Anstice was a major change. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to make this change to make her name verifiably authentic for her desired time and culture. [Anastasia Tremayne, 05/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Listed on the LoI as Pypa de Tintagel, this name was submitted as Pypa of Tintagel and changed at Kingdom to match typical 14th C forms because the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English. Locative bynames forms using of and de are found in the 14th C as shown in Reaney & Wilson (p. 321 s.n. Newcastle) which dates Agnes of Newcastle to 1315 and Adam de Newcastle to 1340. Since a locative byname using of is authentic for the submitter's desired time period, we have returned the byname to the submitted form. As we were unable to find a 14th C spelling of Pypa or Tintagel, we were unable to make this name completely authentic for 14th C English. However, since all of the elements are dated to the 13th C, it is an excellent name for that century. [Pypa of Tintagel, 05/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Saxon and allowed minor changes. The byname Kyndheir was documented as dating to 1332 in Jan Jönsjö, Studies on Middle English Nicknames, vol. 1, Compounds, which gives the meaning of the byname as 'kind or natural heir'. Metron Ariston found that the English word heir derives from French and so is unlikely to have a 10th C Saxon form:
From this information, Lewen Kyndheir would be an authentic 14th C English form of this name. However, lacking evidence of a 10th C Saxon form of the byname Kyndheir, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture. [Leofwynn Kyndheir, 05/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Submitted as Viridis Aletha Solari, the submitter allowed minor changes and noted that she is "willing to drop the middle name 'Aletha' if [it is] not consistent with period naming practices, or if documentation is insufficient." Aletha was documented from Yonge, which is not a reliable source. Double given names are found in Italian in late period. If Aletha were changed to a documented form, this name would be registerable. For example, Withycombe (s.n. Alethea) dates Alatheia to 1606. Therefore, Viridis Alatheia Solari would be registerable as a mixed language name combining Italian and English. While such a mix is registerable, it is not strictly "consistent with period naming practices". Therefore, we have dropped Aletha according to the submitter's instructions since the College was unable to find documentation of any form of this name in Italian. [Viridis Solari, 05/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | [Irendon Herald] This title was submitted as a heraldic title formed from a placename. However, the only example found of a placename with Iren- as a protheme is Irenacton which prepends Iren- to an already existing placename, Acton. Evidence was found of -don used as a deuterotheme in placenames (including Blaydon), but no evidence was found of Don as an independent placename. Lacking such evidence, Irendon does not follow the pattern of Irenacton and is not a plausible placename. [Northshield, Principality of, 05/2002, R-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | The submitter requested authenticity for a 1500-1600 German Jewish woman and allowed minor changes. The spelling Hannah was documented as an English feminine given name. Evidence was found that forms of this name were also used in Germany. The Hebraicized form Chana is found in Germany in Julie Stampnitzky's article "Names from Hebrew Chronicles of the 10th to 13th Centuries" (http://www.yucs.org/~jules/names/fem/chana.html). The vernacular form Hanna is found in the matronymic byname Hannen dated to 1343 in Bahlow (p. 209 s.n. Hannen). As changing the language of a name phrase is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, we were unable to change the given name to a German form to meet the submitter's request. [Hannah Rosenberg, 05/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Gemini is the submitter's legal name. There was some question regarding whether Gemini was excessively obtrusive and thus unregisterable due to RfS II.4 which states:
Cornelian found that a letter from Pliny the Younger (died AD 113) was addressed to a Geminus. Kraken found evidence of an Italian given name Gemino, and "Gemini is the genitive of Latin Geminus and Italian Gemino (de Felice p.181 s.n. Gemello)". Additionally, Gemini appears as a feminine given name in J. W. Garrett-Pegge, A Transcript of the First Volume, 1538-1636, of the Parish Register of Chesham, Buckingham County. Gemini West is the mother in a baptismal record dated to February 22, 1606/7 on p. 99. The burial record for this child appears on April 11, 1611 (p. 300) where his mother is listed as Gemini West widow. She also appears as Gemini West widow in a marriage record on June 14, 1614 (p. 218). The first two examples show that Gemini is not obtrusively modern. The example of Gemini West shows the form Gemini to have been used as a feminine given name in late period England (since the woman in question had a child baptized in 1606/7). Therefore, this name is registerable as a period name, quite apart from the Legal Name Allowance. [Gemini de Grendel, 05/2002, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Submitted as Jethro Stiller, the submitter requested authenticity for England and allowed minor changes. Jethro is one of the Biblical names that came into use in England after the Reformation. J. W. Garrett-Pegge, A Transcript of the First Volume, 1538-1636, of the Parish Register of Chesham, Buckingham County (p. 120) records the baptism of "Jethro sonn of Rowland & Martha Peirce" on December 28, 1615. Also, Argent Snail found the name Jethro in Bardsley's Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature (p. 101). She quotes this source, "'Jethro Forstall obtains licence, November 12, 1604, to dwell in one of the alms-rooms of Canterbury Cathedral.' That is obviously something granted to an adult, which makes the name having been used pre 1600."
Stiller is a header in Reaney and Wilson (p. 427). However, this entry gives no dated examples of this name. Instead, it says that this name is identical in meaning with the second etymology listed under the header Stille. Examples listed under that meaning include John atte Stille dated to 1327 and Reginald atte Stylle dated to 1333. Lacking evidence that a form of this name with a terminal 'r', such as Stiller was used in period, it is not registerable. Hitching & Hitching's References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602 (p. lxii) dates the forms Stile and Still to 1601. Given these examples, Stille is a plausible variant for this period close to the originally submitted form. [Jethro Stille, 05/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | The constructed locative Blakwode Tor had some problems. Documentation was provided for Blakwode and de Blacwode (from Reaney & Wilson, p. 47 s.n. Blackwood), so of Blakwode is a reasonable byname. Blakwode would mean 'black wood'. The support provided for Tor was a citation for le Tor dated to 1240 in Reaney & Wilson (p. 451, s.n. Torr). However, that entry identifies le Tor as a byname meaning 'the bull'. Therefore, Blakwode Tor would mean 'black wood bull', which does not make sense as a placename. The same entry in Reaney & Wilson dates Robert de Torra to 1182, Martin de la Torre to 1242, and Walter atte Torre to 1296, and gives the meaning of this byname as 'Dweller by the rocky peak or hill'. All of the examples of the locative have two 'r's in the byname and a vowel at the end. A hypothetical Blakwode Torre would mean 'black wood rocky-peak/hill' which also does not form a plausible meaning for a placename in period.
Clarion found the placename Eofede Torr dated to 1323 in Ekwall (s.n. Haytor). Ekwall gives the first element of this name as deriving from a word for 'ivy', so Eofede Torr would mean 'ivy rocky-peak/hill'. Ekwall (p. 47 s.n. Blagdon) dates the form Blakedone to 1242 and gives the meaning as 'black hill'. So, a placename meaning 'black rocky-peak/hill' is reasonable. Given these examples, it would likely take the form Blaktorr or Blaketorr. Registerable forms of this name would not have Blakwode and Tor combined in a placename. For example, some registerable forms are Kaie Tor of Blakwode, Kaie Blakwode le Tor, Kaie Blakwode de la Torre, Kaie Blakwode atte Torre, Kaie of Blakwode, Kaie of Blaktorr, Kaie of Blaketorr, et cetera. Since the form Kaie Tor of Blakwode has all of the submitted elements in it, in the submitted spellings, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register the name. [Kaie Tor of Blakwode, 04/2002, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for Tudor England. By that time period, literal bynames had given way to inherited surnames. So, a woman named Jaine would have had the same surname as her father, rather than an occupational byname such as the Embroiderer. [Jaine the Embroiderer, 04/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | Submitted as Santine Westmerland of Ravenstonedale, no documentation was presented and none was found for Santine. As the submitter has indicated that she does not care about the gender of the name, we have changed the given name to the documented masculine form Santin in order to register the name. [Santin Westmerland of Ravenstonedale, 04/2002, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | [Eveninghold] There was some question regarding the registerability of this household name. The household name was submitted as a placename constructed from elements that supported either given name + hold or a reference to a hold used in the evening. Ekwall (p. 170 s.n. Evenlode) gives the meaning of this name as 'Eowla's passage or ferry' and lists three Old English forms of this placename. James Johnson, Place Names of England and Wales (p. 254 s.n. Evenlode) dates several Middle English forms of this placename including Evenlode to 1327. Johnson (p. 513 s.n. Winterhold Pike) dates the spelling Winterhold Pike to 1250 and gives the meaning as either 'hold for dwelling in in winter' or 'Winter's hold' where Winter is a reference to an Old English personal name. A placename that refers to the name of a season does not support a placename that refers to a time of day. In this case, the examples cited above do support Evenhold as a constructed placename meaning 'Eowla's hold'. Ekwall (p. 170 s.n. Everingham) dates the form Eueringeham to 1185 and 1191, and gives the meaning of this name as 'The H{A-}M of Eofor's people'. Therefore, a placename meaning 'the hold of Eowla's people' would take the form Eveninghold.
Since -hold cannot be used as a designator in a branch name or a heraldic title, there is no issue of confusion when it is used as a designator in a household name. It has been registered previously as the designator in a household name. For example, the household name Hasselhold registered in July of 1985 to Joan of Caernarvon uses -hold as the designator. [Ariana Irene de Caro, 04/2002, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | Submitted as Chrestienne de Waterden, the submitter requested authenticity for mid to late 14th C English. The College only found examples of Chrestienne as a French given name. Withycombe (s.n. Christian(a)) dates Cristiane to 1379 and Cristina to 1346 (s.n. Christina). Metron Ariston found the 13th C form Waterdene in Bracton: De Legibus Et Consuetudinibus Angliæ: Bracton on the Laws and Customs of England (attributed to Henry of Bratton, c. 1210-1268) which lists Bartholomeus de Waterdene (http://supct.law.cornell.edu/bracton/Unframed/Latin/v3/208.htm). We have changed the form of a byname to this form to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. As changing the language of a name phrase is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, we were unable to change the given name to a 14th C English form. [Chrestienne de Waterdene, 04/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | Idonea is a Latin form of a 12th to 14th C English given name derived from the Old Norse I�unn (listed in Geirr Bassi, p. 12). An authentic name for a time period appropriate for Old Norse would have been rendered all in Old Norse or all in a Latinized form depending upon the language of the document in which the name was recorded. Gösta Tengvik, Old English Bynames, dates Eduuardus filius Suani to 1066 on p. 198. I�unn Sveinsdóttir would be a completely Old Norse form of this name. Idonea filia Suani would be a completely Latinized form of this name. As the submitter requested authenticity for Old Norse, we have changed this name to the form I�unn Sveinsdóttir to comply with her request. [I�unn Sveinsdóttir, 04/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | This submission is being returned for lack of documentation of the element Sarum as a period placename element. The use of Sarum has previously been cause for return:
To address this precedent, the current submission provided documentation of use of Sarum from two documents. The first is a modern translation of a document, dating to 1227, referring to the church of Salisbury. As it is a modern translation, the use of Sarum is likely a rendering of the abbreviation described above. Regardless, without seeing the original Latin form of this document, this source gives no support for the use of Sarum as a placename element in period. The second source included in the documentation for this submission is an article on the Sarum Rite from an online Catholic Encyclopedia. This article is a modern description of a period rite. However, there is no indication of when the term Sarum Rite (also known as Sarum Use) came into use. As official documents of the Catholic Church in period were nearly exclusively in Latin, Sarum in this instance, is likely again a misinterpretation of an abbreviation for Salisbury as it derives its name from the bishop of Salisbury who organized it. Additionally, the LoI stated, "[t]here is also the Sarum Rite or Verse of Sarum, a variant of the Roman Catholic litergy[sic], mentioned in the OED with a date of 1570." This information supports Sarum Rite as an independent ecclesiastical term as of 1570. However, this is still not support for the use of Sarum in a placename. The crux of the problem is the derivation of Sarum. First there existed a place named Salisbury. That placename was abbreviated in documents. At some point, the abbreviation was erroneously expanded to Sarum. Therefore, Sarum is effectively a backformation; the element Sarum was not used as an element when the placename was created. Given the OED citation, the word Sarum existed by late period. However, no evidence has been found that a new place would have been named using this erroneous expansion rather than the original name of Salisbury, which was still dominant. Lacking evidence of Sarum actually used in a placename in period (rather than as an erroneous interpretation of an abbreviation), it is not registerable. [Sarum Tor, 04/2002, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | No documentation was presented and none was found that Rest is a plausible toponymic element in a period English placename. The LoI stated that "[a] rest is a stopping place, or a lodging place, as for travelers or pilgrims, according to the Compact Oxford English Dictionary". Ferrule noted that the COED (p. 544) dates this use of rest to 1225. However, evidence that a word existed in English in period is not documentation that it is a plausible element in an English placename. As no member of the College could find any evidence that Rest was used as a toponymic in an English placename, it is not registerable in that use.
Rest has only been registered as a toponymic element a total of seventeen times (not including holding names based on a registered branch name). The most recent registration was of Household Stone's Rest (registered October 1998). The next most recent registration was in 1992. Therefore, the element Rest does not have the same level of popularity as elements that have been ruled SCA-compatible as toponymics in placenames, including Keep. Lacking such continuous popularity, this element is not SCA compatible. There are two differences between the elements Keep and -crest, which are SCA compatible, and Rest, which is not. As discussed in the November 2001 LoAR (s.n. Tristan Ravencrest), there are examples of period bynames that use forms of keep and crest, including Rogerus del Crest which Bardsley (p. 216 s.n. Crest) dates to 1379, and Thomas ate Kepe which Reaney & Wilson (p. 261 s.n. Keep) date to 1327. No bynames of this form have been found using a form of rest. Also, Keep and -crest have been more popular in recent years than Rest. It is these two main factors which grant Keep and -crest the benefit of the doubt and make them SCA compatible, where Rest is not. Ekwall (pp. 226-227) lists some placenames that include references to 'hawk' as their first element, including Hauxley, Hawkedon, Hawkhill, Hawkinge, Hawkley, Hawkridge, Hawkstone, and Hawkwell. These headers give examples of words meaning 'hawk' combined with a variety of toponymics and would provide examples of constructions that occured in period. [Hawk's Rest, Shire of, 04/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Giliane la Rousse, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Norman England and allowed minor changes. Giliane was documented from Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Gillian) which dates "SIGILL'GILIANE" 'Gilian's seal' c. 1200. However, Giliane in this citation is a genitive form. No evidence was found that it is an appropriate nominative form. Therefore, this cannot be used as a given name. Bardsley (p. 306 s.n. Gallon) dates Gilian de la Mill to 1273 and (p. 72 s.n. Backster) Giliana le Bacster to 1273. Since modern English speakers would pronounce Giliane more like Gilian than Giliana, we have changed the given name to Gilian.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 384 s.n. Rous) dates Margareta le Ruse to 1285. Bardsley (p. 655 s.n. Rous) dates Juliana la Rouse, Alicia Rouze and Lucia la Russe to 1273. Since the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Norman England, we would have changed the byname to one of these forms. However, changing the byname from French to English is a major change, which the submitter did not allow. Julienne la Rousse or Julianne la Rousse would be authentic 13th C French forms of this name. Gilian or Giliana as a given name and le Ruse, la Rouse, Rouze, or la Russe would be an authentic 13th C English form of this name. [Gilian la Rousse, 03/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Listed on the LoI as Borders Cross, Shire of, the name was originally submitted as Bordars Cross and changed at the principality level as no documentation could be found for Bordar.
There was some discussion about whether or not this submission fit the model of an English placename. The LoI provided documentation for Borders Cross meaning 'cross used by boarders' or 'cross used by jesters'. However, neither of these meanings follow documented patterns for English placenames that include an element meaning 'cross'. The key point is that the modern usage of cross to mean 'crossroads' has not been found to be a period meaning. In English placenames, cross refers to a physical cross. So, the Horcros dated to 1230 in Ekwall (p. 243 s.n. Hoar Cross) meaning 'grey cross' that was cited in the LoI does not mean 'grey crossroads'. It refers to a physical cross that is grey. Similarly, the Staincros dated to the Domesday book in Ekwall (p. 435 s.n. Staincross) meaning 'stone cross' that was cited in the LoI does not mean 'stone crossroads'. Rather it refers to a cross made of stone. As both of these examples use the construction '[adjective] cross' where the adjective describes a physical attribute of the cross in question, the meanings 'cross used by boarders' and 'cross used by jesters' do not follow this pattern. A second documented construction using 'cross' as the second element in an English placename has the meaning '[given name]'s cross'. As an example, Ekwall (p. 471 s.n. Thruscross) dates Thorecros to c. 1180 and Thorescros to c. 1210, and gives the meaning of this placename as '�ori's cross'. Ekwall (p. 53 s.n. Bordesley) dates Bordeslegh to 1226-8 and gives the meaning of this placename as either 'Brodes l{e-}ah' or 'wood where boards were got'. Therefore, a hypothetical Bordescros would mean either 'Brodes cross' (which follows the pattern '[given name]'s cross' shown in Thorescross) or 'cross of boards' (which follows the pattern of an adjective describing the cross, as 'stone' does in Staincros). As the submitting group allows any changes, we have changed the name to this form which follows documented period placename construction patterns and which sounds nearly identical to the Borders Cross listed on the LoI. [Bordescros, Shire of, 03/2002, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | There was some question regarding the registerability of Linnett as a given name. The spelling Linnett was documented as a header form in Reaney & Wilson (p. 280 s.n. Linnett). All of the examples of this name listed in Reaney & Wilson, whether as a given name or a byname, had only one 't'. Since Bardsley (p. 486 s.n. Linnett) dates Ellen Lynnett to 1550-1, and the surname originated as an unmarked matronymic, Linnett is plausible as a given name spelling as well. [Linnett Marie de Ryes, 03/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Ashlin Chrystal, Ashlin was submitted as an English feminine given name. The spelling Ashlin was documented as a header spelling in Reaney & Wilson (p. 16 s.n. Ashlin). In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. In the case of this name, no evidence was found that the spelling Ashlin was used in period either as a given name or as a surname. All of the given name forms found by the College retain an 'e' after the first syllable. Rouge Scarpe summarizes spellings that she found:
As the submitter has not specified a preferred gender for her name, we need to consider both masculine and feminine given names when looking for one close to the submitted Ashlin. Bardsley (p. 64 s.n. Aslin) dates the masculine names Acelin Wyteknave, Asselin (without surname), and Ascelyn de Peykirk to 1273. Reaney & Wilson (p. 16 s.n. Aslin) date Henry Asshelyn to 1374 and Richard Asselyn to 1279. Given the surname spelling Asshelyn used in a period where it could easily be an unmarked patronymic, and Asselin as a masculine given name, Asshelin is a plausible form of the masculine given name and is the closest supportable spelling to the submitted Ashlin. As the submitter allows any changes, we are changing the given name to this spelling in order to register the name. [Asshelin Chrystal, 03/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Peg Leg the Merchant, we have changed the spelling of the given name to the only form documented as a given name in period. Reaney & Wilson (p. 344 s.n. Pegg) give two possible origins for forms of Pegg as a byname. The main origin is an occupational byname referring to a maker of pegs. The entry also says "We may also have a pet-name for Margaret." Bardsley (p. 593 s.n. Pegg) does not mention the occupational origin, but says "'The son of Margaret,' from nick. Peg and Pog (v. Pogson). A much earlier nick. than is usually imagined." However, neither entry gives evidence of any form of Peg actually used as a given name. Lacking evidence of a previously existing given name Peg from which these bynames could derive, they must be assumed to refer to a maker of pegs. The only pre-1600 example of a form of Peg used as a given name was in the article "Marriages from the Durham St Oswald Registers (1538 - 1734)" (http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/genuki/Transcriptions/DUR/DSO.html), which shows that on July 29, 1589 John Martyn married Pegge Gray. We have changed the given name to this spelling in order to register this name. [Pegge Leg the Merchant, 03/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Listed on the LoI as Adela la Rouxe, the name was originally submitted as Adela de la Roux and changed at kingdom to correct the grammar. The submitter requested authenticity for early 16th C (unspecified language/culture) and allowed minor changes. The LoI noted that she prefers the submitted spelling and wants some version of 'Adela the Redhead'. As she did not specify a language or culture, both English and French are options. Bardsley (p. 655 s.n. Rous) dates the English names Juliana la Rouse, Alicia Rouze, and Lucia la Russe to 1273. For French forms of the byname, Aalis la rousse is dated to 1292 in Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/paris.html). Also, the byname la Rossa is dated to 1521 in Talan Gwynek's article "Late Period Feminine Names from the South of France" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/latefrenchfem/). As the submitter stated she preferred the submitted form, we have changed the byname to the documentable spelling closest to the submitted form. [Adela la Rouse, 03/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | No documentation was provided that de la Mer was a reasonable variant of de la Mere, which the LoI documented from Reaney & Wilson (p. 130 s.n. Delamar). This entry dates Robert de la Mare to 1190 and William de la Mere to 1260. Reaney & Wilson (p. 229 s.n. Marr) also list Roger, James de Mar 1182, 1296; Ralph atte Mar 1297; and William del Marre 1302. Given these variants, de la Mer is a reasonable variant of the more common de la Mere and de la Mare.
The submitter wished the name to mean 'of the sea'. However, all documentation that was submitted or that was found show period forms meaning 'of the pool/marsh'. Mer is listed as a modern subheader in Dauzat & Rostaing (p. 381 s.n. Lametz) with the corresponding period form Mare dated to 1210. Therefore, this name is registerable, though it does not have the meaning desired by the submitter. [Margareta de la Mer, 03/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C English. Tantifer is an undated header form in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Tantifer). This entry dates John Tantefer to 1272 and Walter Tauntefer to 1303. The only period spellings of this name that the College could find dated to the 14th C or earlier and ended in "-tefer". Tantifer derives from the Old French dent-de-fer meaning 'iron-tooth'. Bardsley (p. 599 s.n. Pettifer) shows this byname as deriving from the Old French Pedefer meaning 'iron-footed' and dates William Petifer to 1548 and includes as variant spellings of his surname Peterfer, Petipher, and Petyfre. This entry also dates Robert Pettifer to 1603. Given these examples, Tantifer is a reasonable 16th C form of this name. [Cassandra Tantifer, 03/2002, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Ignacio James, Ignacio was documented from Withycombe (p. 162 s.n. Inigo) as "a Spanish given name found since the 8th Century A.D.". The LoI also states that it is the submitter's legal given name but gives no documentation (such as a photocopy of a driver's license or other proof) to support a claim for the Legal Name allowance. Therefore, the name must be considered only on the merits of the documentation. As Ignacio was documented as an 8th C Spanish given name and James was documented as an English surname dating to the 12th to 13th C, this submission had two weirdnesses: one for a lingual mix and one for temporal disparity, since the elements were documented to more than 300 years apart. Since the submitter allows any changes, we have substituted the Italian Ignazio, which De Felice Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (pp. 208-9 s.n. Ignazio) cite in reference to Saint Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish saint who lived in the 16th C. Since Bardsley (p. 425 s.n. James) dates Alice James to 1566-7, Ignazio James has one weirdness for mixing Italian and English in a single name, but has no weirdness for temporal disparity. [Ignazio James, 03/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | No documentation was provided and none was found for an English byname Longarm. Reaney & Wilson (p. 283 s.n. Longenow) date Wlter le Longebak ('long back') to 1332, Godric Langhand ('long hand') to c1095, and Reginald Lungeiaumbe ('long leg') to 1212-23 among others. These examples support long + [body part] as a descriptive byname in this time frame. Reaney & Wilson (p. 14 s.n. Armstrong) dates William Arm(e)strang to 1250 and gives the meaning of this byname as 'strong in the arm'. This example documents the use of arm in an English descriptive byname. Therefore, Longarm is a plausible descriptive byname in English. [Rognvald Longarm, 03/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Rimwood was submitted as a constructed locative. There was some doubt about the validity of Rim- as a protheme in a placename, since the submitted documentation only supported Rim- as a protheme in a feminine given name. Mills (p. 272 s.n. Rimpton) dates Rimtune to 938 and gives the meaning of this placename as 'Farmstead on the boundary' from Old English rima + t{u-}n. On the same page (s.n. Rimington), Mills dates Rimingtona to 1182-5 and gives the meaning of this placename as 'Farmstead on the boundary stream' from Old English rima + -ing + t{u-}n. Given these examples, Rimwood is a plausible placename. [Harry the Hewer of Rimwood, 03/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Helena Ordevill, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C England and allowed minor changes. The byname Ordevill was documented from Frances and Joseph Gies' Life in a Medieval Village (p. 71) which gives Ordevill from hors de ville or Extra Villam meaning "outside the village.". The photocopy provided from this source do not include any information about what sources the authors used in assembling their information. Also, a footnote on one of the photocopied pages indicates that the authors have standardized or normalized names in their book. Their book was not written with the purpose of being a name resource and any name information in it should be used with care. The information included in the photocopied pages is not sufficient to discern whether Ordevill is period, or even what language it is. As the College found no other support for Ordevill, it is not registerable with the documentation provided. Reaney & Wilson (p. 331 s.n. Orwell) dates Turbert de Orduuelle to 1066. Since the submitter indicated that sound was most important, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register the name. [Helena de Orduuelle, 03/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | Submitted as Evelyn Merrymet, no documentation was provided and none was found that Merrymet was a phrase used in period. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable. If such documentation were found, evidence would also be needed that Merrymet would be a plausible "phrase" byname. None of the period examples provided in the LoI included a phrase which had a past tense element. In the example of Welcum found in Reaney & Wilson (p. 480 s.n. Welcome), come is not past tense. [Evelyn Merry, 02/02, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | The LoI proposed Cassia as English feminine given name "based upon English use of feminized Roman names". However, the examples provided in the LoI were found not only in Roman Latin but also in medieval Latin sources. Cornelius and Lucius were the names of popes who became saints and this likely influenced the use of Cornelia and Lucia in England. Additionally, Lucia is also the Latin form of the name of Saint Lucy, who was popular in England in the Middle Ages. In the case of Claudia, Withycombe (p. 68 s.n. Claudia) says that the late 16th C example of this name in Lancashire is "probably taken from the 2nd epistle to Timothy where it occurs as the name of a Roman convert." Cassius, and by extention Cassia, is documented only as a Roman Latin name. Given the drastic temporal disparity between Roman Latin and Scots, a name combining Roman Latin (or perhaps Classical Latin) and Scots is not registerable. [Cassia MacWilliam, 02/02, A-Ansteorra][Ed.: Cassia was documented as an Italian saint's name.] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | There was some question regarding the registerability of the mix of elements in this name. Eadweard is an Old English form of the name common today as Edward. Reaney & Wilson (p. 58 s.n. Boyes) dates John Boyse to 1396. Other examples in this entry show the 'i' to 'y' vowel switch. So Boise is registerable as a Middle English form of this name. Dr D.A. Postles, ed., "Lincolnshire Lay Subsidy: Santon" (parish of Lindsey, village of Santon, http://www.le.ac.uk/elh/pot/lindsey/santon.html) lists John le Wright on line 15. Use of the instead of le is shown in Reaney & Wilson (p. 336 s.n. Painter) which dates Richard the Paintur to 1240. So, the byname the Wright is registerable as a Middle English byname. Mixing Old English and Middle English in a single name was ruled a weirdness in the LoAR of October 2001 (s.n. Saxsa Corduan). Therefore, this name is registerable as submitted. [Eadweard Boise the Wright,02/02, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | MacFarlane was documented from Reaney & Wilson (s.n. MacFarlan). However, all examples in this entry are cited from Black. Therefore, they are Scots, not English. [Brigitte MacFarlane Red, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | This name was submitted as Benedict St. Jean Eldridge and changed at kingdom because we do not register scribal abbreviations. The submitter requested authenticity for 16th�17th C English and allowed minor changes. However, the element Saint-Jean was documented only as French in the LoI. In England, it originated as a locative byname referring to a location in France. Bardsley (p. 718 s.n. St. John) dates Alexander Seynt John to 1530. Bardsley (p. 268 s.n. Eldridge) dates Otwell Eldridge to 1597-8 and gives this name as originally meaning 'son of Alderich'. When examined from the point of view of the submitter's requested time period and language, this name contains two inherited surnames, the first of which originated as a locative byname and the second of which originated as a patronymic byname. This order is unusual and rare. Irvine Gray & J. E. Gethyn-Jones, ed., The Registers of the Church of St. Mary's, Dymock, 1538-1790 list only two examples of names that have this order. Marget Wodd ?al. Hopkyns is dated to 28 Feb 1545/6 on p. 9. A footnote on that page indicates that ?al. Hopkyns was inserted later and that the parchment register reads als. (meaning 'alias'). Blanch Heyet otherwyse Dobyns is dated to 18 Mar 1579/80 on p. 41. This construction indicates two surnames that a person was alternately known by. There hasn't yet been much research done regarding double surnames in 16th C England. But from the evidence that has been found, we can say that in cases where both names were inherited, the two surnames indicate the surnames of the child's parents. In fact, Withycombe (p. xliii) dates Robert Browne Lilly to 1593, noting that his father was John Lilly and his mother's maiden name was Browne. In a number of the instances of double surnames in the Dymock parish registers, this construction was an indication of illegitimacy. But considering the small amount of data we have at this time, it would be premature to presume that this is always the case. Indeed, the notation in Withycombe of Browne being "his mother's maiden name" would indicate that some of the time both parent's surnames were given to children born to married parents. So this name is registerable in the form listed on the LoI. It would be authentic for the submitter's requested 16th C English as Benedict Seynt John Eldridge, Benedict Seynt John alias Eldridge or Benedict Seynt John otherwise Eldridge. However, since the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to change the language of Saint-Jean from the submitted French to English, since changing the language of a significant element is a major change. [Benedict Saint-Jean Eldridge, 02/02, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | This name mixes the Dutch given name Toen and the English surname Fitzwilliam, which is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Toen Fitzwilliam, 02/02, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | Mixing Arabic and English in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Tahir the Mad, 02/02, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | This name mixes the Italian Tessa and the English byname the Huntress. Such a mixture is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Tessa the Huntress, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | Mea was documented as Italian and the Bold was documented as English. Mixing Italian and English in a name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of September 1999 (Veronica de Holloway). [Mea the Bold, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | Withycombe (p. 257 s.n. Rosalind) says that the given name derives from the Old German Roslindis and that "[t]he name was carried to Spain by the Goths and took root there as Rosalinda." To date, no form of Rosalinda has been found dated in period in Spain. So this may be a case where Withycombe (whose strength is in English names) is incorrect. However, given the continuing research in Iberian naming practices and the citation in Withycombe, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt. Garnet found additional information about this name that affects the following precedent: [Rosalind atte Rylle] The only documentation for Rosalynd in the LoI said that it was proposed as a variant of Rosalind first used in Shakespeare's As You Like It. Since that is from the end of our period, we do not think it is likely that a variant form of the name was used during our period. Therefore we have changed it to the form found in Shakespeare. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR March 1999, p. 6)Garnet found that "Rosalynde is found as a romance character in 1590, in the work of that name by Thomas Lodge (the basis for 'As you[sic] Like It')." Given this information, Rosalynde is also a registerable English variant of this name. [Rosalinda of Castile, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | Submitted as Duncan Jullings, the submitter requested authenticity for "Scottish, any date" and allowed any changes. Jullings was documented as a header spelling in Reaney & Wilson (p. 258 s.n. Julian). In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern might not be registerable. This has been handled on a case by case basis. In this instance, the College was unable to find evidence that Jullings is a plausible period variant of the byname Julian. We have, therefore, changed the byname to his second choice, Julyan, which is dated to 17 Edw. III in Bardsley (p. 437 s.n. Julian). [Duncan Julyan, 01/02, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | Submitted as Stephen de Montfort of Huntington, no evidence was found that a name consisting of two locative bynames, both containing the prepositions de or of, is plausible in English. In cases of English names with what seems to be two locative bynames, the first is almost certainly an inherited surname and the second is a true locative. We have, therefore, dropped de in order to follow this pattern and register the name. [Stephen Montfort of Huntington, 01/02, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | This name is registerable as a mix of Old English and Middle English. It would be more authentic in a fully Old English form (Ælfred se leof) or a fully Middle English form (Alfred þe Lef). [Ælfred þe Lef, 01/02, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Reaney & Wilson (p. 455 s.n. True) date Henry le Trewe to 1327. The question came up whether the particle le is appropriate in a woman's byname. Dr. D. A. Postles, "Lincolnshire Lay Subsidy Rolls" (http://www.le.ac.uk/elh/pot/lincscon.html), lists many women's bynames that include the particle la and some that include the particle le. These subsidy rolls date to 1332. [Ed.: The LoAr includes several examples] These examples are certainly enough to support le Trewe as a feminine byname appropriate for 1332. [Eryngerd le Trewe, 12/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | The name Aeschylus was documented as "the name of a great classical Greek playwright who lived from 535 BCE until 456 BCE." No evidence was found that this person was known in medieval England. Such evidence would be necessary to support the theory that this name was among the classical names revived in the 12th or 16th centuries in England. Additionally, most of the names revived at those times were Latin and were fairly well known.
Since the documentation stands with the reference to the 5th-6th C BC Greek playwright which is more than 1000 years before an appropriate date for the byname (which is dated to 1180 in Reaney & Wilson, p. 207 s.n. Grindel), this name must be returned for excessive temporal disparity. [Aeschylus Grendel, 12/01, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | A name having two surnames was rare in the 16th C. [Luce Antony Venus, 12/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Mixing Russian and English is a weirdness. [Rumil Fletcher, 12/01, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The surname Redsmythe was documented as an occupational byname (referring to someone who works in brass) from the Book of Trades at http://www.renfaire.com/Acting/professions.html. This text at this website is a modern translation of Eygentliche Beshreibung Aller Staende auff Erden, a work of German verse from 1568. Bardsley (p. 641 s.n. Redsmith) hypothesizes the meaning of this byname as 'goldsmith' and lists John Rodesmithe (?). The source for this citation does not readily indicate a date for this name. However, Bardsley crossreferences to other headers and gives the medium worked in: Whitesmith (tin), Blacksmith (iron), Greensmith (lead or laten), and Brownsmith (copper or brass). As all of these other headers included forms dated to period, it is reasonable to assume that Redsmith is also period. The spelling Redsmythe falls within documented variants for -smith names. [Pearce Redsmythe, 11/01, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Kalum Nickerson, no documentation was provided and none could be found that that Kalum is a reasonable period variant of Calum. Without such evidence, it is not registerable. The only documentation provided for Nickerson was from a genealogy webpage. As genealogy sources routinely normalize spellings, they are not suitable for documentation of SCA name submissions on their own. Without independent evidence that Nickerson is a period surname, it is not registerable. The closest dated form found was Nickeson, which is dated to 1601 in Hitching and Hitching References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602. We have therefore used this spelling. [Calum Nickeson, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Jessamyn Ravenlea, no documentation was provided and none could be found that Jessamyn is a period given name. Barring such documentation, the name is not registerable. We have substituted the documented form Jesmond. [Jesmond Ravenlea, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The lingual mix of Italian (Arianna) and English (Wlfraven) is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Arianna Wlfraven, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Tamsin is found as a feminine given name in a burial record in 1601 in "Transcript from the Buckfastleigh Registers" (http://www.picknowl.com.au/homepages/bobm/webidx.htm). Bardsley dates the feminine given names Tamson to 1573 & 1574 (s.n. Tamplin), and Tomasyn to 1557 (s.n. Inkley). Given these examples, the submitted Tamsyn seems to be a plausible variant of Tamsin. [Tamsyn Seamarke, 11/01, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The only documentation provided for Nickerson was from a genealogy webpage. As genealogy sources routinely normalize spellings, they are not suitable for documentation of SCA name submissions on their own. Without independent evidence that Nickerson is a period surname, it is not registerable. The closest dated form found was Nickeson, which is dated to 1601 in Hitching and Hitching References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602. We have therefore used this spelling. [Calum Nickeson, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | This branch name is being returned for lack of documentation of the name construction. Koira points out the problems with this name:
The submitters have shown that native gods appear in British place names. However, they have not shown that Roman gods do so, even in cases where a Roman god was considered identical with a native one. Also, they have not shown that names of the form <name of god>'s <type of place associated with that god> appear in Britain. I'd expect to see some evidence to support both these points.... Barring evidence that the construction [Roman god's name] + [type of place associated with that god] is a period construction in Britain and that it was used for places that humans actually lived in, this name is not registerable. [Vulcan's Forge, Canton of, 11/01, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The submitter requested authenticity for English and allowed any changes. As we have no evidence that the Wicked is a period descriptive byname in English, we were unable to make this name authentic as the submitter requested. However, since wicked is dated to c. 1275 in the Oxford English Dictionary, this name is registerable. [William the Wicked, 11/01, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Arianna Wolfraven, the submitter allowed minor changes and did not have a request for authenticity. Wolfraven is a header form in Bardsley. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. (This has been handled on a case by case basis.) Wolfraven falls into this category. The name drives from the Old German Wælhræfn and all dated forms of this name found by the College do not have the Wolf- spelling, which seems to be a post-period phenomenon. Bardsley (p. 822 s.n. Wolfraven) dates Wlfraven to 1273. [Arianna Wlfraven, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Although this name combines a Gaelic given name with an English byname, which is a weirdness, it is registerable. [Caitlin Watkyns, 11/01, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Mixing English and German in a single name is a weirdness. [Lillian von Wolfsberg, 11/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Listed on the LoI as Chrestien de Xavier, the name was originally submitted as Christian de Xavier. The submitter requested an authentic English/French name but allowed no changes. As we have no documentation that the submitter authorized the spelling change to this name, the change was in violation of the submitter's allowed changes and must be returned to the submitted form. Happily the College was able to find documentation for Christian. [Christian de Xavier, 10/01, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Submitted as Ygrainne ferch Rhun, the spelling Ygrainne is not registerable, since no documentation was presented and none could be found that a spelling with a double "n" is plausible. Therefore, we have changed it to the standard form Ygraine.
Precedent allows registration of Arthurian names: Current precedent is to accept the names of significant characters from period Arthurian literature as there is a pattern of such names being used in England and France in period. [Bedivere de Byron, 06/99, A-Atlantia]As such a pattern has not been documented in Welsh, Ygraine ferch Rhun is registerable as a mix of an English given name and a Welsh byname. [Ygraine ferch Rhun, 10/01, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | There is a weirdness for mixing elements whose spellings are only documented as Old English (Saxsa) and Middle English (Corduan). As there are no other weirdnesses in this name, it is registerable. [Saxsa Corduan, 10/01, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Submitted as Catriona of Whitemoor, the LoI stated that the submitter preferred the spelling Catriona which she believed to be "the English version of the period Irish Name". However, documented English spellings do not contain an "o". The spelling Catriona is neither Gaelic nor English. The closest Gaelic spelling is Caitríona. The closest English spelling is Catrina. As no documentation has been provided and none could be found for the spelling Catriona, it is not registerable. [Catrina of Whitemoor, 10/01, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | There was some discussion regarding the combination of elements in this name. David was documented as an English given name. Lorkin was documented as an English surname which was originally a patronymic byname derived from the given name Lorkin, a diminutive of Lawrence. O'Dea was documented as an Anglicized Irish surname. Use of more than one surname is registerable in both English and Anglicized Irish so long as the combination is plausible.
What is considered "plausible" has to be evaluated on a case by case basis according to the combination in question. For example, Richard the Black the Gray is documentable as a given name followed by two bynames. However, the combination of two descriptive bynames whose meanings are at odds with each other is not plausible. The question with this submission is whether the combination of an English surname derived from a patronymic byname followed by an Anglicized Irish surname that is also derived from a patronymic byname. Generally, this combination does not seem plausible, as they seem to be at odds with each other. Happily, the element Lorkin in this name can be viewed as a second given name since Lorkin was a diminutive of Lawrence. Therefore, this name is registerable. [David Lorkin O'Dea, 10/01, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Submitted as Arthur de Pembridge, the submitter requested authenticity for 1375 English. No spellings of Pembridge spelled -dg were found in period. To meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the spelling to Pennebrygg which Gage found dated to 1401. [Arthur de Pennebrygg, 10/01, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Metron Ariston found that "According to Farmer (Oxford Dictionary of Saints, pp. 390- 391) Victoria was a Roman virgin martyr and she was known in England since Aldhelm used her in his treatises on virginity." Additionally, Victoria is dated to 1520 in England on p. 38 of William Jerdan, ed., "The Field of the Cloth of Gold", Rutland Papers (New York, NY: AMS Press, 1968). [Victoria of Vig, 10/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | This name uses an abstract past participle in a descriptive byname. The applicable precedent is:
[Returning Deirdre the Distracted.] While the LoI documented the word "distract" to very late period, no evidence was presented, nor could any of the commenters find any, to demonstrate that epithetical nicknames were constructed in this way from a fairly abstract past participle. Without such evidence, we are unable to register this. [4/94, p.15]No evidence has been provided to contradict this precedent. As such, this name must be returned. [Aldreda the Undecided, 10/01, R-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Given the significant contact between Turks and crusaders, combining a Turkish given name and an English byname in the same name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Mihrimah the Traveler, 10/01, R-Ansteorra] [Ed.: returned for two weirdnesses] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | This name uses an abstract past participle in a descriptive byname. The applicable precedent is:
[Returning Deirdre the Distracted.] While the LoI documented the word "distract" to very late period, no evidence was presented, nor could any of the commenters find any, to demonstrate that epithetical nicknames were constructed in this way from a fairly abstract past participle. Without such evidence, we are unable to register this. [4/94, p.15][Robert the Banished, 10/01, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Submitted as Daniel de Bourdon, the name was documented from Reaney & Wilson (pp. 71-71 s.n. Burden). This entry describes names derived from four different origins. Bourdon forms derive from patronymic, descriptive, or occupational bynames. None of these types of bynames would take the particle de. Burdon forms derive from a locative byname referring to any of three locations in England. All dated forms of these locative bynames are spelled Bur-. As changing Bourdon to Burdon is a smaller change than dropping the particle de, we have made this spelling change in order to register this name. [Daniel de Burdon, 09/01, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Listed on the LoI as Honor du Bois, the given name was originally submitted as Honour and changed at kingdom due to lack of documentation for the spelling Honour as a given name. Withycombe gives the Middle English forms of the word for the virtue as honor and honour. As both of these spellings existed in Middle English, it is reasonable to assume that the spelling Honour could have been used for both the name and the virtue in England. [Honour du Bois, 09/01, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Submitted as Guenièvre Cordelia Maynard, the submitter requested authenticity for the 15th to 16th centuries and allowed minor changes. Nearly all English forms of the given name that we were able to find dated to the 15th and 16th C were "J" forms of the name such as Jenefer. Though these are the typical forms for that time period, it was felt that this was more than a minor change since the names would be pronounced differently by most people seeing the two names. The College was unable to find "G" forms of Guenièvre after Gwenhevare which is dated to 1431. We have changed the given name to this form to partially comply with the submitter's request for authenticity. However, as no "G" forms of Guenièvre name were found in the 16th century, the name Cordelia is only dated to the gray area, and double given names were a rare very late practice, this name is not authentic. [Gwenhevare Cordelia Maynard, 09/01, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Submitted as Angus Stormsbrooke, there was some question about the plausibility of the byname Stormsbrooke, since Storm was documented only as a hypothetical given name. Reaney and Wilson (p. 433 s.n. Sturmey) dates Sturmi to temp. Henry II as a masculine given name. As such, a placename of Sturmisbroke is reasonable. [Angus Sturmisbroke, 09/01, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09/TD> | Submitted as Marie Suzanne von Westphalia, the byname combines a German particle with the English form of a place name (the German spelling is Westphalen). As RfS III.1.a requires all elements of a name phrase (the byname von Westphalia in this case) to be in a single language, this byname needed to be changed to either the all German form von Westphalen or the all English form of Westphalia. [Marie Suzanne of Westphalia, 09/01, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | The submitter requested authenticity for English language/culture. The citations for the byname Buchanan came from Reaney and Wilson. However, those citations each reference Black. As such, we only have Buchanan documented from Scotland. Therefore, we were unable to comply with the submitter's request for authenticity. [Morgan Buchanan, 09/01, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Searches of period English parish registers and other documents turned up no evidence of the name Maura. As such, we have no evidence that the name Maura was used at all in the British Isles during period. Until such time as documentation is uncovered that provides such evidence, the name Maura must be limited to the languages and time periods for which it can be proven. Of those, 12th C French is the most helpful to the submitter. [Maura MacLeod, 09/01, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | The sum total of the submitted documentation for the byname of Gresewode was "Gresewode is a plausible placename from Ekwall". This is woefully inadequate. No evidence was given as to why kingdom believes Gresewode is a plausible placename. At the very least, the examples that kingdom believes support the byname in Ekwall should have been listed. The College of Arms searched Ekwall, Mills, and other sources looking for support for this placename. All of the placenames that we were able to find that had spellings similar to Grese- meant either 'grassy' or 'gravelly'. We were able to find neither of these meanings combined with a word that refers to a 'wood' or 'forest'. As such, the two elements do not seem to be compatible. Therefore, we are returning this name for lack of documentation of the byname of Gresewode. [Robert of Gresewode, 09/01, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | The problem with this name was best summarized by Kraken, "No evidence has been presented that -fern is an acceptable deuterotheme in constructing a place name; the reference to Fern Down uses it as a pseudo-protheme."
Therefore, we have no support for fern used in an English placename except as the initial element. As such, Bentfern is not a plausible placename. [Malissa of Bentfern, 09/01, R-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | The submitter requested authenticity for the 10th C. Since no evidence was found of any form of the Curious as a 10th C byname, we were unable to make the name authentic. [Cathus the Curious, 09/01, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | Unmarked matronymics are found in English, so this name may be viewed as a given name + matronymic. [Astrith Alexandra, 08/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08/TD> | Submitted as Swanesdæl, this element violates RfS III.1.a since it combines the Middle English Swanes- with the Old English -dæl, combining two incompatible elements in the same placename. [Edith of Swanesdale, 08/01, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | No documentation was provided and none could be found by the College of Arms that Firehair is a reasonable period byname. As such, barring presentation of such documentation, it is not a registerable byname. This is in keeping with the following precedent from 1992:
Fire-lock does not appear to be an epithetical name constructed on Period patterns of naming. Most descriptive epithets are much more literal, such as Dustiberd. (May 1992 LoAR, p. 21). [Maeve Firehair, 08/01, R-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | Submitted as Morgan the Fell_walker, the LoI justified the byname as meaning "the shrewd walker". However, no evidence was presented that this was a reasonable construction for a period byname. Adjectives shown to modify walker in period include good, slow, fair. The adjective "shrewd" does not seem to fall into this category. Therefore, barring documentation that "the shrewd walker" is a reasonable period byname, we would have to drop the adjective Fell in order to register this name. However, the submitter's legal last name is Fellwalker ... [Morgan Fellwalker, 08/01, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | Submitted as Arion the Falcon, the given name Arion was documented as the name of a "semi-legendary Greek poet of the 7th C BC, reputedly the first poet to use dithyramb". The suggestion was made that Arion could be viwed as one of the names revived in the Renaissance. Metron Ariston found a reference to this Arion in the poetry of John Gower (circa 1325-1408). However, this is the only reference to Arion that the College found in English works from the Middle Ages. Barring evidence that the Greek poet Arion was more broadly known in England than a single reference in poetry, it is not likely that the name Arion was revived. As such, the documentation stands with only the reference to the 7th C BC Greek poet, which is more than 1000 years before an appropriate date for the byname, and therefore it would be returnable. [Aron the Falcon, 08/01, A-Atenveldt] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.07 | Submitted as Margaret of Catteshull in Meriden, no documentation was provided for using two locative bynames in this manner, or for a locative byname derived from a complex place name like Catteshull in Meriden. We have changed the first byname to an inherited surname. [Margaret Catteshull of Meriden, 07/01, A-Atlantia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.07 | Submitted on the LoI as Marguerite of Sandwich, a second given name was dropped in Kingdom. Since double given names were occasionally used in late period England we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form. [Marguerite Elisabeth of Sandwich, 07/01, A-Calontir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.06 | Submitted on the LoI as Uther of Southolt, the byname was changed to that form in kingdom. While that spelling is more likely, members of the College were able to document the occasional use of -hold in period spelling. [Uther of Southold, 06/01, A-Æthelemearc] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.05 | Submitted as Astor Peyton, the given name was documented as a header spelling in Reaney and Wilson's A Dictionary of English Surnames. While we do register header spellings from this source as standard modern forms, the header spelling of a surname, as in this case, is not necessarily acceptable as a given name. We have therefore substituted a spelling used as a given name and dated by Reaney and Wilson to 1642, within our grey area. Granted, they also say that the name was used as a given name in the 17th century, but this is not sufficient for disallowing the name: the Glossary of Terms says it is logical to assume that something current in the period 1601�1650 may also have been current in the last years of the 16th century, so long as there is no specific evidence to the contrary. Reaney and Wilson, while casting doubts, are not specific enough. [Aster Peyton, 05/01, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.10 | Submitted as David Warren Rufier of Monmouth, the name has a given name, two unmarked patronymic bynames (Warren and Rufier) and a locative byname. This kind of construction does not follow known period naming practices � a double surname where both were derived from given names and a locative byname is quite unlikely. However, according to Dauzat, Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille et des prénoms de France, the name Rouffier may come from a descriptive byname meaning 'scab'. We have, therefore, changed Rufier to the similar-sounding Rouffier so that the name is composed of a given name followed by a patronymic, descriptive and locative byname. This combination, while uncommon, is registerable. [David Warren Rouffier of Monmouth, 10/00, A-Trimaris] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.09 | Submitted on the LoI as Tom MacGrimm, the name was changed to that form in Kingdom; it was originally submitted as Tam MacGrimm. However, Reaney and Wilson's Dictionary of English Surnames has "Peter Tamelyn 1327 SRsf. A double diminutive of Tam (Tom). cf. Tomlin." and "William Tamson 1395 EA (OS) iv (C); Walter Tampson 1641 PrSo; John Tampson 1642 PrD. 'Son of Tam', a variant of Tom, a pet-form of Thomas." Therefore Tam appears to be an acceptable given name. However, there is no documentation for adding mac to the documentable Grimm. We have therefore changed the given name back to the original form and removed mac from the byname. [Tam Grimm, 09/00, A-Outlands] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.09 | There was sufficient contact between England and Russia to allow mixed names under our rules. There was no such contact between Scotland and Russia, but we have seen documentation that MacNeill appears as a surname in England as well. Note, however, that mixed Scots / Russian names are not acceptable, barring new evidence. [Nastasiia MacNeill, 09/00, A-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.10 | Submitted as Morgan Defecta, the byname had a slight problem. The combination of an English or Welsh given name and a Latin descriptive byname is common, and the name as submitted would be registerable. [Morgan Defector, 10/00, A-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.07 | No evidence was provided of a cultural contact that would justify an English/Swiss mixed name. [Roderick Zweisterne, 07/00, R-Meridies] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.06 | Submitted as Silka of the Lost Woods, there was no evidence that the Lost Woods would be a reasonable place name. However, Ekwall (s.n. Lostwithiel) dates Lostwetell to 1194 and Lostwhidiel to 1269 and says of this name "The name goes with Witheil SW. of Bodmin ... and Lostwithiel would be 'the end (lit. the tail) of Withiel'. Co lost means 'a tail'." Lostwode would thus seem a plausible hypothetical place name, although with a different meaning than intended. [Silka of Lostwode, 06/00, A-Calontir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.06 | Submitted as Mary Catherine of Mull, she wishes an authentic 13th�15th century name. Since double given names were not used in Britain in that time period we have dropped the second one. [Mary of Mull, 06/00, A-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.05 | ... Esther would appear to be constructed in a period manner � it is a Biblical name, and Biblical names were used in England. We can therefore register the name. [Esther Millar, 05/00, A-Outlands] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.04 | Submitted as Anu of Shelmerdine, this name has two weirdnesses: it combines English and Irish orthography, and the form Anu was only found before 1300 and Selmerdine is dated to the 16th century, therefore the name is temporally incompatible. We have, therefore, changed the given name to a late period form. [Ana of Shelmerdine, 04/00, A-Middle] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.03 | No documentation was provided, nor could any be found, proving that Camelos was a place name. Reaney, Origin of English Placenames, states that Camulos was the name of a deity and the related place name was Camulodunum. Robert Colchester (the English form of the place name) would be a great medieval name. [Robert Camulos Brigantius, 03/00, R-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.03 | Submitted as Roscelin the Silversmith's Daughter, no one was able to find evidence of patronymics formed in such a manner. We therefore changed the patronymic to a form consistent with a form found in 1379: Agnes Taylour-doghter (Bardsley, Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames, s.n. Taylorson). [Roscelin Silversmith-doghter, 03/00, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.02 | [Valley of the Three Walls] The canton justified the construction Valley of the <number> <object> with three examples: Avenue of a Hundred Fountains (in Italy), the Valley of Five Polish Lakes, and the Valley of the Seven Castles (in Luxumbourg). None of the examples, however, are English, one is a street, and the others lack evidence that the names were used for these places in period (given that the places are not in England the period names are definitely not the ones given, although the given forms may be reasonable translations of the period place name). No one else was able to justify Valley as an element in an English place name. [Three Walls, Valley of the, 02/00, R-Middle] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.02 | This byname is justifiable as a patronymic surname derived from True Mark. Surnames derived in the same way, including Jolirobin, Godedick, and Litelwatte, are found in Reaney, The Origin of English Surnames. [Andras Truemark, 02/00, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.12 | The name as supposed to mean True North Wind, however, this is not a reasonable placename in either English or Latin. [Veraquilon, Canton of, 12/99, R-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.11 | Submitted as Garath of Falcon's Keep, no one was able to show that the switch from "e" to "a" was reasonable in this name, particularly as Gareth first appears in the 16th century. [Gareth of Falcon's Keep, 11/99, A-Outlands] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.10 | Submitted as Juliana de Florey, called The Imaginour, no evidence was presented or has been found that the use of called is a valid documentary form for English. [Juliana de Florey le Ymagour, 10/99, A-Meridies] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.09 | The use of two given names is not a problem; Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, list a number of feminine given names used as unmarked matronymics. [Christiana Ailitha, 09/99, A-Artemisia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.09 | An Italian-English name combination is a weirdness (barring evidence of such combinations in period) but acceptable. [Veronica de Holloway, 09/99, A-Artemisia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.08 | While Zoë is unattested in England until modern times, it is the name of a late Roman Christian martyr. Such names formed an available name pool in period practice and thus this is a plausible extrapolation. [Cassandra Zoë Paganel, 08/99, A-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.07 | There was no documentation indicating that a byname which is possibly justifiable in Middle English could be used for a Latin byname. [Andronicus Ursacor, 07/99, R-Atenveldt] |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.06 | [James Oakencask the Just] No documentation was presented for Oakencask. Since the Oxford English Dictionary first dates the term cask to the middle of the 16th century, and there are period descriptive names for barrelmakers, such as Tunn/Tunnewrytte, we find Oakencask highly unlikely. [The name was returned.] (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1999, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.05 | [Felicia Heather of Newcastle] Heather is dated in Bardsley's Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames as a surname to 1633. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR May 1999, p. 5) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.04 | [Ashlynn Blackhart] Found on the LoI as Ashlynn Blackheart it was originally submitted as Aislynn Blackhart, and changed in kingdom. Since Blackhart could be an inn sign it is registerable. Therefore we have restored the byname to the originally submitted form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1999, p. 1) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.04 | [Shaun of the Forrest] Submitted as Shaun of the Vert Forest, no documentation was presented for vert as a modifier for forest. We have eliminated it in order to register the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1999, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.03 | The only documentation for Rosalynd in the LoI said that it was proposed as a variant of Rosalind first used in Shakespeare's As You Like It. Since that is from the end of our period, we do not think it is likely that a variant form of the name was used during our period. Therefore we have changed it to the form found in Shakespeare. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR March 1999, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.02 | After a great deal of thought we have decided to overturn the precedent on mixed Gaelic/English orthography. There are many reasons for doing this, the most important of which are mentioned below.
First, and most importantly, while they were not common, there are period examples of mixed Gaelic/English orthography. These include: William Liath de Burgo, Cormac Óg Mac Carthy, Ulick na gceann de Burgo, Shane Donnghaileach, Con Bacagh O'Neill, and William Odhar O'Carroll. Therefore, this is a period practice, and there is no reason why we should not permit it. Secondly, the original ban was stated to be because the some sound values in Gaelic and English are not represented by the same letter. This is, of course, correct. However, the same can be said of many other mixed language names. For instance, we readily register mixed English and Welsh names, yet the sound values for some letters in Welsh is not the same as those in English. We see no reason that the standards for Gaelic/English names should be any stricter than for other mixed language names. Finally, the policy as it exists is just not fair to submitters. For ten years our rules have been set up to be explainable and to derive from the first principles established in the rules. This does not. Even now, nearly four years after the ban, most submitters and a substantial portion of the College of Arms cannot derive the regulation from our heraldic first principles and view it as merely heraldic arbitrariness. This does not help the submitter, the college, or the Society as a whole. This does not affect the ruling on mixing Gaelic female given names with masculine patronymics. This precedent only affects the mixing of Gaelic and English orthography in the same name. (Jaelle of Armida, CL with the February 1999 LoAR, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.01 | [Hákon Beowulf] Note: Reaney and Wilson's A Dictionary of English Surnames cite William Beowoulf from 1297. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1999, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.12 | [Wyvern's Lake, Shire of] No documentation was presented for the use of Wyvern in a place name, and none was found by the College. Barring such documentation, the name must be returned. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1998, p. 15) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.11 | [Myfanwy ferch Gerald] Found on the LoI as Myfanwy ferch Gerallt, it was originally submitted as Myfanwy ap Gerald, and changed in kingdom because it was felt that the use of ap or ferch needed a Welsh name. However, late period Welsh used ap and ferch with English names, so we have restored the patronymic to the originally submitted form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1998, p. 4) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Caitlin of Drogheda] Submitted as Caitlin OÆDrogheda, the given name has been previously ruled as requiring an Irish byname. The preposition "oÆ" here, while it emulates the patronymic particle, is actually an abbreviated form of English "of". We have changed it to Caitlin of Drogheda under the lingua Anglica allowance for place names since Drogheda is the English form of the placename. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Fendrake Marsh, Shire of] Originally submitted as Fendrake Mersch it was changed in kingdom to Fen Drakemerschi. However, since Metron Aristron has documented Fenduck from 1620 in the OED, and Smith's English Place-Name Elements, specifically cites bird name + marsh as a type from this form (e.g., Crakemarsh, Henmarsh, Gunneymarsh and Titchmarsh), we have changed it to an English form closer to what was originally submitted. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Michael Alewright] According to the LoI Alewright was intended to be a constructed occupational surname, intended to denote a brewer. However, no acceptable documentation was provided to show that this was a reasonable form. Period bynames for brewers include Brewere, Brewstere, Brasur, Braceresse, Malter, Maltester, Medemaker, Vineter, Vyntener, Taverner, Tipelere, Gannoker (#s 2, 4, 6 fem. forms; the last 3 are inn-keepers/ale-sellers), Berebrewer, Braciatur, Caumbier, Alemonger, Aleberer, Aleberster (latter two masculine and feminine ale-carriers), Meder, Malteman and Maltgrynder. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Annis at Roseberry] Submitted as Annis atte Roseberry, atte is used with generic placenames such as wood or water. We have changed this to the closest documentable form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Cassandra of Kingswear] Submitted as Cassandra the Elk Hearted of Kingswear, no documented was presented and none could be found for the form Elk Hearted or Elkheart. We have deleted the epithet in order to register the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1998, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Rosalind the Tender] Submitted as Rosslynn the Tender, no documentation was submitted and none could be found for Rosslynn. We have substituted the closest documentable form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1> 1998.06 |
[Sentinels' Keep, Barony of. Order name for Order of the Silver Crane] Submitted as Order of the Argent Crane, there is no evidence that English used argent as an adjective. Therefore, we have changed it to silver as they allow. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1998, p. 2) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.04 | [Josephine Ysabelle de Laval] According to Withycombe 'The Empress Josephine, who is responsible for the modern vogue of the name, was actually named Marie Josèphe Rose, Josephine being a pet-name.' Barring documentation that Josephine is a period given name, it cannot not used. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1998, p. 19) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.03 | [Edward the Unshaven] The byname uses a past participle verb, an extremely rare practice in period and has been banned several times in the past. [The name was returned.] (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR March 1998, p. 20) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Arianwen Teague] Submitted as Arianwen Teague called Seeker, as noted in the LoI, Madeleine Moinet dit Boismenu's name was registered because 'called' is a legitimate documentary form in Latin, German and French. The name submitted here is none of those languages. The commentary ... also shows 'called' names as, for want of a better term, proper aliases (John Smith called John Doe called Richard Roe) rather than common nouns (John Smith called Bandit called Fellow). "Seeker" doesn't fit into these parameters. ["called Seeker" was deleted] (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Elspeth Glendonwyn of Kirkaldy] Found on the LoI as Elspeth Glendonwen of Kirkaldy, it was originally submitted as Elspeth Glendonwyn of Kirkaldy, and changed in kingdom. Since Glendonwyn is a geographic surname, and purely geographic surnames, unlike personal descriptives, do not modify for gender, we have changed it back to the form originally submitted. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 7) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Galen Stuart] Some questions were raised as to how well known a classical Greek physician would be in medieval England. Writings by Galen or attributed to him formed much of the basis of the medieval medical literature (Siraisi, Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: An Introduction to Knowledge and Practice, pp. 6, 10, 71-72, etc). Even very late in period, Galen was so familiar to the popular audience that Shakespeare used his name as a shorthand tag to denote a doctor (Merry Wives of Windsor, Act II, Scene 3). (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 2) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Halfdan Blackanvil] Submitted as Halfdan the Blackanvil, since the submitter is not an anvil, we have dropped the inappropriate the. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Owlhaven, Shire of] Submitted as Owl's Haven, Shire of, a period English place of this type would be one word and normally not use the genitive within a compound name. We have corrected this in order to register the group name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Warmin of Belshire Household name House of Belshire] Found on the LoI as House Belshire, it was originally submitted as House of Belshire and changed in kingdom. Since House of Place follows documented period forms, such as House of York or House of Capulet, we have returned this to the originally submitted form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 11) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.01 | [Altavia, Barony of. Name for The Order of the Argent Pearl] Since September 1994 we have been returned the use of argent as an adjective referring to color. It was last returned in September 1997. Barring period evidence of its use in English as an adjective we must return this as well. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1998, p. 18) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.01 | [Robert John of Cedar Wood] Intercapitalization is not a period spelling custom. We have made the locative two words to keep the capitalization which is important to the submitter. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1998, p. 9) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.11 | Unfortunately, Sarum is not the OE name for Salisbury, but rather is a ghost name. In manuscripts the Latin Saresberia was abbreviated to something that looks rather like Sa4. This was 'merely an early manifestation of the medieval scribe's habit of abbreviating such letters as ended in a horizontal stroke by means of a vertical stroke through this', but because the resulting symbol (represented here by 4) 'frequently stands for -rum', the abbreviation has been improperly extended to Sarum (Johnson & Jenkinson, 67). The contemporary form of the name can be seen in William de Salesberie (1115) and Robert de Salisbyr' (1273). Clearly Old Sarum must then have been called something like Old Salisbury; Old Sarum seems to be an antiquary's name for the older ruins, based on a misreading of the medieval records. Since the submitter does not allow changes, we are forced to return this name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1997, p. 12) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.10 | [returning the College of Dragons Crossing] No evidence was presented in the LoI for the word dragon being used in English place name, and no one could find any evidence. Barring such evidence, we must return the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1997, p. 13) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.08 | [returning the byname Wolfbane][Rowan Wolfbane] Bynames of the form X-bane don't seem to have been used in our period, though it's just possible that the ON cognate bani was so used. In ON one could construct úlfsbani, meaning either `wolf's killer' or `Ulf's killer', but this doesn't justify Wolfbane. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1997, p. 24) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.08 | Submitted as Catriona Ravenbourne, this mixes English and Gaelic orthography in the same name. We have changed the given name into an attested English form [Catrina] that differs by one letter from the submitted form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1997, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.07 | [registering the given name Jessica] [Jessica Marten] The Rules for Submission state "New name elements, whether invented by the submitter or borrowed from a literary source, may be used if they follow the rules for name formation from a linguistic tradition compatible with the domain of the Society and the name elements used." (Rule II.3, Invented Names) Elizabethan English qualifies as a linguistic tradition compatible with the domain of the SCA. Shakespeare qualifies as a period author and the Merchant of Venice just fits into our time period (ignoring the "gray" period from 1601 to 1650). The character in the play is human. Jessica may be "modern" according to Withycombe, but it is an acceptable SCA given name according to our rules. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1997, p. 5) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.07 | No evidence was presented and none could be found for Evangeline as a period name. We have substituted the closest period form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1997, p. 7) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.07 | No evidence was presented, and none could be found for the use of Angelica as a personal name in period. While the name does appear in Withycombe, Withycombe says that Angelica has been occasionally used in England, France and Germany since the 18th century. That is not evidence that is was used prior to 1600. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1997, p. 15) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.06 | [registering Tymm Colbert le Gard] Submitted as Tymm Gard Colbert, this name had a severe problem. When in a medieval English name a patronymic and an occupational byname are found together, the patronymic invariably comes first. It's actually questionable whether the occupational byname is really part of the name or merely an indication of the bureaucracy's need to identify individuals unambiguously, since it is generally set off either by a comma or by the definite article. We have correct the name to the period form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1997, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.06 | No-one could document the term beekeeper as being a period term. We have substituted a period term [beehyrd] that the submitter agreed to accept. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1997, p. 5) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.05 | [returning Freyja the Cunning] The byname is also problematic: on the 5/94 LoAR the name Eirik the Wandering was returned because `[n]o one was able to document an authentic English byname formed from the present participle of a word'. Cunning, earlier cunnand, is in origin the present participle of can `to know'. This is a borderline case, since it seems to have acquired independent status as an adjective fairly early, but it at least needs to be mentioned. (By the way, the LoI slightly misleads in appearing to date cunning to 1382; the actual citation is for kunnynge.) If she wants an attested English byname, she might try Slei, Slegh, Sley, le Slege, Sly, etc. These citations, all from the 13th c., are in Reaney & Wilson s.n. Slay and represent the modern English sly, from ON sloegr `sly, cunning, crafty'. Of course, if she returns with an ON forename, the ON byname would be even better. Its feminine forms would be sloeg and, with the definite article, in sloega. There are other possibilities if she prefers another shade of meaning, e.g., gör `skilled, accomplished' (or in göra `the accomplished'). Another possibility, this one etymologically related to cunning, is kunnandi `cunning, knowing, learned' (or in kunnandi). Freygerðr in sloega (in göra, in kunnandi) would be a perfectly acceptable ON feminine name. |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.05 | [returning the epithet the Amazed] [Alaric the Amazed] No evidence has been presented to show that fairly abstract past participles like this were used as nicknames in period. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR May 1997p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.05 | Submitted as Damiana Fairgrey, no documentation was provided for the combination of the two descriptive names into one. However, Fause Losenge was able to provide an example from Reaney and Wilson of Fayrandgode, from 1301, which would justify the structure of Fairandgrey. Accordingly, we have corrected the byname. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR May 1997, p. 2) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.04 | [Ravensrook] The earliest dated example of rookery in the OED is from 1725. Since that is after our period, it cannot be used in an SCA name. There are other period forms that would be acceptable, for instance Ravenhurst. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1997, p. 18) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.04 | [registering Tomás ó Niallagáin] The extra "s" in Thomass seems to be unjustifiable.(Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1997, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.04 | [Riverhawk's Rest] No one could provide any documentation for rest being used as an element in English place names. Without such documentation, the name must be returned. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1997, p. 22) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.01 | [changing the byname atte Loncastre] [Franbald of Loncastre] The word atte is a ME contraction of at and the. It is normally used with topographical locatives, e.g., atte Brigge `at the bridge'. The contraction is inappropriate with a toponym (proper noun place-name): one wouldn't say 'at the Lancaster', for example. Therefore, we have changed it to of. Other possible forms include Franbald æt Loncæstere, if he wants an Old English name from c. 900. By the end of the 10th c. it would probably become Franbald æt Loncastre. The normal English usage would be Frambald of Loncastre, though in documentary use of would probably become de. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1997, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.01 | [Harald Slayname] This is being returned for non-period style. We are not aware of, and no one was able to provide any evidence for, any English bynames involving killing abstract concepts. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1997, p. 16) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.01 | [registering the byname the Insane] There are plenty of genuinely period ways to express the idea: Reaney & Wilson s.nn. Witless and Giddy have John Wytles 1327 and Walter le Gidye 1219 `possessed of an evil spirit; mad, insane', and in his Origin of English Surnames (289) Reaney notes Ralph Badinteheved 1275 `bad in the head'. (Morgaine Lynn, 1/97 p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.01 | Submitted as Ceridwen of the Wilds, there was no documentation for the plural. Therefore, we have substituted the documented singular form. The form atte Wilde would be much more typical. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1997, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.12 | Submitted as Brianna Fey of Whitewolfe, no documentation was provided for the "of Whitewolfe" except to say that it was a nickname that has been previously registered. "Of Whitewolfe" is inappropriate because Whitewolfe is an epithet. Reaney and Wilson p. 486 show many combinations of White+animal under Whitebuck on p. 486. Most or all are domesticated animals, but extending this pattern to wild animals does not seem unlikely. Therefore, we have dropped the of in order to register the rest of the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1996, p. 4) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.12 | Submitted as Delia the Rose of Thorncastel we have dropped the out of place "the" in order to register the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1996, p. 1) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.11 | [N the Dragonslayer] (Alexis the Dragonslayer) This is being returned for non-period construction; no one could demonstration the formation --slayer. Reaney (Origin, 280) has 11th c. English citations for Stichehert 'kill hart', Stikestac 'kill stag', and Stikehare 'kill hare'. On p. 283 he adds Prykkelove 'prick, kill wolf' 1296 and Hachewolf 'hack wolf' 1297. And on p. 288 he has Prikehurt 'prick, kill hart' 1208 and Quelhoxe 'kill ox' 1288 (from ME quelle 'kill'). A late OE Stikewyrm or a 13th c. Prykkeworm, Hacheworm, or Quelworm would follow period models. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1996, p. 15) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.11 | [Odinkar the Distress Bringer] The byname "Distress Bringer" does not follow any period exemplars in either Old Norse or English. [The submission was returned.] (, (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1996, p. 14) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.11 | [returning Shire of Azure Mere] This is being returned for non-period construction. Places were named using common, everyday words, which azure certainly was not. (The OED doesn't even have a citation for this meaning until the late 15th c.) Moreover, we can find no evidence for French azur in period English place-names, and OE mere `pool' would in any case normally be combined with an OE descriptive element. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1996, p. 15) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.11 | No documentation was presented that Wyvern was a period surname. Since the earliest dated citation for it as a word is 1610, and not spelt in this fashion, we do not feel that this is a reasonable name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1996, p. 13) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.10 | [registering James le Hauke of Stirling] (James le Hauke of Stirling) Submitted as James le Hauke of Stirling Keep, we have dropped the term keep which was not used in this way in period. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1996, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.10 | [returning the nickname Arronious] (Aurelius the Arronious of Bikeleswade) Period nicknames tend to be straightforward and to use common words: Thynnewyt `thin [of] wit, stupid', le Wis `the wise', Badinteheved `bad in the head', le Wilfulle, le Proude `the proud', le Hardy `the courageous', le Sour, le Cursede, le Deuyle `the devil', Blaksoule `black-soul'. The learned erroneous simply doesn't belong in this company. Although the adjective in question is not a past participle, we do not consider this case to be significantly different from those of Adam the Unexpected (East, returned 2/96) and Deirdre the Distracted (Ansteorra, returned 4/94), whose bynames were returned partly for being too abstract. Similarly, erroneous is too far from the common tongue to be at all believable as a period byname. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1996, p. 8) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.10 | Submitted as Gauzelen Upwode von Bamberg, which had a late first millenium CG forename combined with a 16th century English surname and a German locative byname. Fortunately, commenters were able to document something similar to what was submitted as an entirely English name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1996, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.10 | The kingdom was unable to provide documentation for Josephine as a period name, nor could any member of the College of Arms. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1996, p. 12) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.09 | [returning the epithet Nobeard] (Duncan Nobeard) The...documentation does not support the form No-X where X is a physical attribute. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1996, p. 18) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.08 | [Rachel the Untame] Submitted as Rachel the Untamed, we have only been able to find one example of a period epithet in a participle form. Therefore, we have corrected the byname to a more likely form [the Untame]. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1996, p. 11) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.06 | [registering the locative of Huntingdon Loxley] There are many period English place-names of this type, i.e., a place- name followed (and modified) by another. Sometimes the second place-name is just that, as in Kirkby Laythorpe (Kirkeby Leylthorp 1316), which apparently combined earlier communities of Kirkby and Laythorpe; in other cases, like that of Farleigh Hungerford (Farlegh Hungerford 1404), an apparent second place-name is actual the surname of an early owner. On either basis Huntingdon Loxley is a possible 13th century place-name. (Anne of Huntingdon Loxley, 6/96 p. 6) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.06 | The English locative is very unlikely with an otherwise Italian name. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR June 1996, p. 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.06 | The locative was submitted as of the Broken Tower, a form that seems to owe more to fantasy than to history. The syntax is atypical for a topographical byname, no evidence is adduced to support idiomatic use of broken in this sense, and tower is a 16th century spelling in a byname of a type that is rare after c.1400. We agree with Black Dove that this is least implausible if interpreted as a sign (or inn) name, though such bynames are rare in English usage. We have therefore adjusted the preposition to match the documented examples of such bynames and used a spelling contemporary with this type of name. (Marion atte Broken Towre, 6/96 p. 7) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.06 | We have an unusually large body of evidence for period pet forms of Margaret and Margery, including those now written Meg, Maggie, Madge, Peg, and Peggy; none retains the r. To judge by the pattern of these diminutives, Margie would arise from a simpler Marge; unfortunately, Marge itself does not fit the pattern of the attested forms and seems likely to be a more recent invention. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR June 1996, p. 13) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.05 | [registering Brotherhood of the Seven Holy Sleepers of Ephesus] The submitter has chosen to protect the household name in English as well as in Finnish. Since they differ markedly in sound and appearance, the names would be independently registerable even if they were exact translations of each other, which they are not. (The English version is a trifle more explicit than the Finnish, which has nothing corresponding to of Ephesus.) No evidence has been offered for the use of such names in English, but even in the worst case the household name would be allowable as a lingua anglica version of its Finnish translation. (Peter Schneck, 5/96 p. 5) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.05 | [registering the byname of the Thornes] By far the most frequent English preposition in topographical bynames is atte, though other locative prepositions are also found (e.g., by, in, under). However, we have found a few topographical bynames uncharacteristically formed with othe and recently even a very few with the uncontracted form of the. Much as we dislike reïnforcing the widespread misconception, fed by modern fantasy, that of the X is a standard sort of mediæval English byname, these examples do justify the submitted form. (Possible 15th and 16th century alternatives with a similar sound are A'Thornes and A Thornes, from the usual mediæval atte Thornes.) We note, however, that we have not found any examples of non-topographical bynames of the form of the X; apart from sign names, which use atte, the period construction is with the X (in various spellings). (Rowena of the Thornes, 5/96 p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.05 | [Wanderer] The byname, for all its enormous popularity in the SCA, remains unattested in English. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR May 1996, p. 5) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.04 | [Galen] The medical writings of Claudius Galenus, better known as Galen, were known in the Middle Ages, and there are a few examples of English use of Classical names c. 1200, so we are giving the name the benefit of the doubt. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR April 1996, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.04 | [registering House Drakenmarsh] (Mora Naturalist of Blackmarsh) The household name was submitted as House Dragonmarsh, but as several commenters noted, the French import dragon does not seem to have been used in English place-names. The usual word is drake, from Old English draca, and Drakemarsh would undoubtedly be the most likely modern form. However, we were able to find one name, Drakenage (from dracen ecg 'dragon's edge (probably of an escarpment)'), in which the Old English genitive singular dracan has been preserved. It is likely that the inflectional -n owes its preservation in this name to the initial vowel of the second element; before m it would probably have been lost. Nevertheless, we have given Drakenmarsh the benefit as a possible period descendant of an Old English dracan mersc 'dragon's marsh' in order to stay as close as possible to the submitted form. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR April 1996, p. 6) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.04 | It seems increasingly doubtful that English Ian is a period form. (The status of Gaelic Iain is less clear.) Black has relevant information in his articles on Macaneduff, Macanemoyll, Macian, Mackain, Mackean, and Iain, in his introduction, and doubtless elsewhere as well. In these we find Mackaneduff 1498 'son of black John'; here the John element is the part spelled ane. In 1559 we find the same spelling in M'Anevoill 'son of bald John'. Mackain and Mackean are forms of Macian; some actual citations are McAan and McAyn 1519, M'Ean 1538, M'Kaine 1601, M'Kane 1480, Makkaane 1570, and McKeane 1600. Finally, Black notes that Iain replaced an older Eoin but unfortunately does not say when this occurred. The English spellings suggest a variety of pronunciations ranging from 'ay-un' to '(y)ahn', but not modern 'EE-un'. Whatever the pronunciation, however, it appears that the usual English spellings were Ean and Ane when the name wasn't simply replaced by John. (This last seems to have been usual in the case of given names.) On the available evidence, Ian doesn't rate the benefit of the doubt, but much of the evidence is fairly indirect; can anyone add to it? (Talan Gwynek, Cover Letter to the April 1996 LoAR, pp. 2-3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.04 | The combination of Italian given name and English surname is odd, though not so odd as to preclude registration. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR April 1996, p. 14) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.03 | Although the noun keep has been pushed back to 1327 (as kepe), it has not been found in any period English place-names. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR March 1996, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.03 | Note that at least until very late in period the usual form of the possessive of king was kinges or kynges. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR March 1996, p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.03 | Note that at least until very late in period the usual form of the possessive of queen was queenes. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR March 1996, p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.03 | Rosaline is justifiable as a later form of Ros(c)elina, a Romance borrowing of a Continental Germanic name. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR March 1996, p. 8) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.02 | In period Arianna is Italian, so the locative, which was submitted as of the Windy Isles, is best interpreted as a translation, permitted under the lingua anglica allowance. The extent of this allowance was discussed in detail in the 12/95 return of Ananda the Fiery (Middle); according to the precedent there cited, it covers translations of 'documented period epithets', provided that the translation has been chosen to minimize any intrusive modernity. Actual practice has been somewhat looser: not only has the College allowed non-intrusive translations of epithets thought to be compatible with the naming practices of the source language, but it has even allowed fairly generic English epithets without requiring a demonstration that they were plausible translations of period epithets from the language of the rest of the name. This latter practice can easily result in names that have very little to do with period practice in any language. Consequently, we have no qualms about requiring in such cases -- of which this is one - that the epithet be put into a period English form. (Arianna othe Windisle, 2/96 p. 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.02 | Morgaine is apparently an English spelling of the masculine Welsh name Morgan, as may be seen from Bardsley's mention (s.n. Hailstone) of the 1583 marriage of Morgaine Hubble and Tomison (Thomasine) Halestone. Morgaine therefore cannot well be the daughter of Cadwr. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR February 1996, p. 21) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.02 | The byname was submitted as Shieldbreaker. The concept is excellent, but the construction does not follow period patterns: in such nicknames the verb comes first. (Compare the 5/95 registration of Conrad Breakring of Ascalon (An Tir), whose nickname was submitted as Ringbreaker, and the 11/93 registration of Christoph Breakshield (Meridies), whose byname was submitted as Shieldbreaker.) The example of Geoffrey le Seldmakere 1285, noted in the LoI, illustrates one of the few general exceptions to this rule, namely, occupational names in -makere; it does not support a more general agent construction of the form <verb> + -er in nicknames. The spellings Brekes(h)eld would be more characteristic of the period in which such names are commonly found. (Corwin Breakshield, 2/96 p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.02 | The Continental spelling of Brandt is very unlikely but could perhaps have been brought into England from the Low Countries in the 16th century. Either Brand or Brant would be much more likely with the English Griffin. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR February 1996, p. 12) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.01 | [registering the byname Gentlehand] The byname is very unlikely. For most of our period gentle referred to good birth and breeding; the sense of softness and tenderness seems not to have appeared until the 16th century. A period expression of the idea is seen in Godhand c.1095 `good hand', which might later have appeared as Godehand. Swethand' `sweet hand' is also attested, and Mild(e)hand would be a reasonable construct. (Ragnar Gentlehand, 1/96 p. 18) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.01 | [returning the given name Kestrel] (Kestrel Corsayre) While some names of birds can be found as personal names in some European languages, documented examples all existed as name elements since the earliest records of the languages in question. But the earliest instance of kestrel (in any form) in the OED is from the 15th C., and if the etymology suggested there is right, the word derives from French forms that are quite different. Thus, it did not exist when such personal names of this type were still being created. It might make an acceptable byname, though it is a bit late to be very convincing even in that rôle, but it cannot have been a given name in our period. We must therefore return the name for lack of a given name (required by RfS III.2.a (Personal Names)). (Talan Gwynek, LoAR January 1996, p. 30) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.01 | [returning the Shire of Cloudy River] The name was chosen on account of a `large, murky river' running through the shire; however, cloudy does not seem to have been used in this sense in period place-names. The Old English place-name elements fûl `foul, dirty, filthy', fennig `dirty, muddy, marshy', blæc `black, dark-colored, dark', êa `river, stream', and wæter `water, an expanse of water; lake, pool; stream, river' can be used to construct a variety of period-style place-names with basically the desired meaning. In likely Middle English forms some of these would be: Fuleye, Fulewatere, Fennywatere, Blakeye, and Blakewatere (actually attested from 1279). (Talan Gwynek, LoAR January 1996, p. 24) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda | 1996.01 | According to Harpy, Boadicea is based on a post-period misunderstanding of the name that is attested in inscriptions in the forms Bodic(c)a and Boudic(c)a; as such it cannot be registered. For various phonological reasons, however, the name could not appear in these forms past approximately the 6th century, and any later form would involve more of a change than we care to make. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR January 1996, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda | 1996.01 | Diane is the French form of Diana, a name occasionally found in England late in our period (and once in the 13th century). The double nn is apparently a modern innovation suggested by the name Anne; it is not evidenced in any of the available period citations, French or English, and is not supported by the Latin original. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR January 1996, p. 29) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda | 1996.01 | Double given names appear only at the very end of our period in England. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR January 1996, p. 12) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda | 1996.01 | Jessica is apparently a Shakespearian creation for The Merchant of Venice, probably based on a name in Genesis 11:29; the name is Iscah in the Authorized Version of the Bible, but in earlier versions it is given as Jesca. Although no one remarked on the fact in commentary, Withycombe says that use of the name is `modern'. The play is usually dated to c.1596 and was first published in 1600, so any Jessica the [X] must have been extraordinarily precocious. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR January 1996, p. 14) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.01 | The epithet appeared as le Normand on the LoI; the upper-case L, which appears on his form, is rare but documentable. (Roger fitzRolf Le Normand, 1/96 p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.12 | [registering Johan Gregor the Wanderer] Contrary to the assertion in the LoI, the Wanderer is not a standard English byname; it is a standard SCA byname for which no period citation has yet been found. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR December 1995, p. 8) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.12 | The given name was submitted as Catriona, which cannot be justified as an English spelling, while the surname can only be English. Since the two spelling systems do not seem to have been combined in period, we have substituted the English spelling Catrina (pronounced almost identically). (Catrina MacKinnon, 12/95 p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda | 1995.12 | The name Eric in any spelling is hardly known in England in the Middle Ages. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR December 1995, p. 11) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.11 | [returning the Canton of Athanor Tor] While it is not especially unusual for place-names to refer to such common, visible pieces of equipment as mills, there is no evidence that topographic features were named after obscure pieces of alchemical equipment. (Athanor Tor, Canton of, 11/95 p. 13) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.11 | [returning the epithet the Melancholy Procrastinator] [Judith the Melancholy Procrastinator] The byname does not follow period models. To quote Harpy: `Independently, the concepts, linguistic patterns, and actual vocabulary of this byname can be shown to be period. It's in putting them together that it flies beyond the limits of anything we have any experience with in period.' Nicknames describing mental and moral characteristics tend in English to use native rather than learned words, and they tend to relate to everyday experience. A melancholy person might be called Chirelitle `cheer little', Waneles `without hope', or Malore `unhappy and unlucky'; a lazy or slow person, Comelate, Dolitel, Hasteles `without haste', or Lenealday `lean or rest all day' (Jönsjö, Middle English Nicknames, p. 21). (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 15) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.11 | [returning the occupational byname the Lamp Lighter] [Natalie the Lamp Lighter] No evidence was presented that lamp-lighting was a period occupation. We shouldn't be surprised to find that it was, but given the doubts expressed by several commenters, we need some actual evidence that the byname is reasonable. The closest that we can come are some period occupational terms for lantern-bearers or candle-bearers, e.g., Latin lanternarius and the derived French surname Lanternier. (The situation is analogous to the first registration of a previously-unused charge.) (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 11) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.11 | Cordelia must be given the benefit of the doubt: according to Withycombe, it was in actual use by 1636, and close variants can be found in period, at least in literature. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 6) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.10 | [Thomas Blackswann the Lefthand] Lefthanded doesn't follow the syntactic pattern of attested period nicknames, and the combination of late hereditary surname and descriptive byname (or pair of descriptive bynames in late spellings) is also anomalous. Since he allows minor changes, we have removed one anomaly by substituting the attested form Lefthand. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR October 1995, p. 11) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | [Ladislaus de Brady] In the absence of any evidence for Polish/English names, this combination seems a bit too improbable to register. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR September 1995, p. 26) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | [Rosalyn MacGregor] (Rosalyn can be justified as a late form of Ro(s)celina, a hypothetical feminization of Ro(s)celin that follows a well-documented pattern.) [LoAR 09/95] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | [Tatiana Mitford] Such a Russian [given]/English [surname] combination is extremely improbable in period. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR September 1995, p. 10) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | According to the LoI, the submitter chose a given name from Classical Greek mythology to go with her English Renaissance persona. The An Tir CoH questions the SCA folk wisdom that Classical/Mythological names were used in England during the Renaissance and asks for a ruling on their `blanket' acceptability in that setting. We have found considerable evidence for 16th century English use of names of Classical provenance, but few of them are primarily mythological. We doubt that a case can be made for unqualified acceptability of Classical names; certainly no one has made one. We will therefore continue to consider such names on their individual merits; in the present instance we have found enough support to give the name the benefit of the doubt.
In Greek mythology Thalia `bloom; good cheer, wealth, plenty' was the Muse of comedy and one of the three Graces; the other two Graces were Euphrosyne `cheerfulness, mirth, merriment' and Aglaia `splendor, beauty, brightness'. Evidence for period use of the names of the Muses is slight, but Praerie's Dictionary of Period Russian Names cites Evfrosin 1481 and a 4th century martyr Aglaii, whose names are clearly masculine forms of the names of the other two Graces. De Felice mentions several saints Eufrosina and indicates that Aglaia was used during the Italian Renaissance, while Withycombe notes a legendary saint Aglaia. Thus, the names of at least two of the three Graces were in use in Europe toward the end of our period; and since 16th century England seems to have been relatively open to new names of Classical origin, we are willing to grant the possibility that the remaining name, Thalia, might have been used then. (We have also taken into account the fact that it is clearly compatible with English phonetic patterns.) (Talan Gwynek, LoAR September 1995, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | Despite the lack of early citations in the Compact Oxford English Dictionary for keep as part of a castle, the citation Thomas ate Kepe 1327 from Reaney & Wilson shows that it is a legitimate mediæval topographical element. (Henry of Stone Hill Keep, 9/95 p. 8) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | Order names and house names do not follow the same models in English. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR September 1995, p. 9) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | The LoI appeals to Withycombe's discussion (p. xxxv) of the use of men's names for women in the 13th to 15th centuries to suggest that Alana might have been a documentary form for a woman named Alan, and on this basis we have registered the forename as Alana.... Please inform her that it is very doubtful either that Alan was feminized to Alana in period or that the practice of forming such artificial Latinate feminine forms was still in use when double given names first appeared in England near the end of our period. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR September 1995, p. 20) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.09 | There was a flowering of Classical and fanciful names in England in the late 12th century that seems to have lasted for about 100 years. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR September 1995, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.08 | [changing Dirk Ivanovich] No one produced evidence of sufficient interaction between the Low Countries and Russia in period to justify the combination. (Direk Ivanovich, 8/95 p. 5) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.08 | Though in English the capital letter J appears to be post-period (per the Oxford English Dictionary), such did appear in Spanish in the 16th Century. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR August 1995, p. 14) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.06 | [changing the epithet the Confused] [Ciaran the Confuse] Adjectival past participles are vanishingly rare in the context of epithetical bynames. Moreover, the full text of the 1382 citation in the COED clearly shows that the author did not expect his readers necessarily to recognize the word confusid: the word is immediately explained in more familiar terms. A word that was rare and unfamiliar in 1382 (and for which the COED has no further citations in this sense until well past even the gray area of 1600-1650) is difficult to believe as a byname of this type; there simply wasn't time for it to have become familiar while such names were still being formed. However, the usual adjective form in the 14th Century appears to have been confuse, which would make an acceptable byname and which we have substituted here. [Registered as the Confuse] (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR June 1995, p. 9) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.06 | [returning the byname of the Thorny Rose] [Kytte of the Thorny Rose Inn names, which the byname here is said to be based on, were not expressed by the term "of the"; the form used ]was "atte" (at the). No documentation whatsoever was presented for the byname (other than it "is an Inn that [her] parents run"), and "thorny" seems somewhat redundant for roses. Kytte atte Rose would be a fine name, but is beyond the purview of "minor changes", which the submitter did not allow in any case. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR June 1995, p. 23) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda | 1995.06 | No one has found evidence for the spelling Louis in an English setting. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR June 1995, p. 15) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.06 | Submitted as [N] Mandragon [M], according to his own documentation the submitter was attempting to combine the Welsh man (freckled or spotted, but which was documented only in the English surname Man and the German name Mann) with the English dragon (dragon). We have substituted a documentable form of the combination byname [Mandrake], which was also a form he specifically noted he would accept. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR June 1995, p. 9) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.06 | The combination of the late-period Damaris with the mediaeval de Sheldon is unlikely. No convincing evidence was adduced that the preposition 'de' continued to be used with purely English place-names after the middle of the 15th century. (The example of George de Clifford in the LoI appears to result from a misreading of the source.) We are registering the name as submitted on the slim possibility that Damaris might have been used during the brief flowering of unusual and imaginative women's names c. 1200. Damaris Sheldon would be an excellent late-period Puritan name. (Damaris de Sheldon, 6/95 p. 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.05 | [Caelica of Argyll] Caelica appears as the title to a collection of sonnets by Sir Fulke Greville, Lord Brook, which appeared only after his death, having first been published in 1633. As such, it could not have been a part of the name pool before 1600, and must be considered to be in the same category as other similar names, such as Miranda, as out of period. [The name was returned.] (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR May 1995, p. 15) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.05 | [registering the epithet Breakring] Submitted as ... Ringbreaker..., the byname was formed in a manner which does not follow the examples (e.g., Brekedore `break door', cited in Jönsjö) for such names in period. We have modified the byname to correspond to the historical models. (Conrad Breakring of Ascalon, 5/95 p. 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.05 | The word barrister came into use so late that the form of the byname here is essentially impossible. However, names with similar meanings which were documented by the commenters included le Lawyer (1336), Lawman (1279), le Legistere (1286), and derived from OE mótere (public speaker) and OFr plaideor, plaitier (pleader), le Motere (1175), le Mouter (1327), Plaitere (1216), le Pleytour (1327), and le Pledour (1331). [The name was registered] (Ansel the Barrister, 5/95 p. 7) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.04 | Submitted as Dustin the Mostly Harmless, the construction of the byname appears to follow no period exemplars that any of the commenters could find. We have dropped the most problematic element. (Dustin the Harmless, 4/95 p. 3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.02 | [Eric Ibrahim Mozarab] No documentation has been found for combined Norse-English/Arabic names. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR February 1995, p. 14) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.02 | [Rhine] that spelling of the river's name is English, entirely out of place in an otherwise German name. We have substituted the German spelling here. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR February 1995, p. 7) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.02 | [Sunderoak, Canton of] Submitted as Sundered Oak, the use of the adjectival past participle in placenames has not been documented as a period pattern or practice. [The name was registered in the altered form.] (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR February 1995, p. 5 |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.02 | [William Bruce] Submitted as William Ethelwulf Bruce, Ethelwulf is entirely out of place in the remainder of the name. (Please remember, Anglo-Saxon and 17th Century English are two entirely different languages. We have dropped the problematic element in order to register the name. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR February 1995 p. 7) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.01 | [Valentine fitz Katherine] Sufficient documentation for the general form of <fitz> <mother's name> was presented to show a practice of this pattern. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR January 1995, p. 11) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.12 | [Crispin d'Arden] All the evidence found by any of the commenters was that in the British Isles the "e" in "de" was not elided in the same way it was in France. The evidence shows that the byname would either have been de Arden or possibly (on the model of "de Arraz" and "Darraz") Darden. [The name was returned.] (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR December 1994, p. 13) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.11 | Submitted as [N] of Lion's Moor, the byname as formed used the post-period possessive form with an apostrophe, and was hard to justify as a reasonable English locative because of, among other things, the absence of lions in England. However, several commenters were able to find support for the form registered [Lyonsmoor]. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR November 1994, p. 5) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.11 | Submitted as Kendric, son of Godric, the comma is not a period usage, and we have dropped it here. Though, as many commenters noted, Kendric Godricsone, Kendric Godrich, Kendric Godricsson, or Kendrick Godricessune would be much likelier, the examples cited of Alexander sone of Sperling (Ekwall, p. 129), Philip son of Godive (Selten, p. 85), and Geoffrey son of Edric (Selton, p. 70) lend sufficient support to this form. (Kendric son of Godric, 11/94 p. 3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.11 | The name is a mix of an Old Irish given, an Anglicized spelling of an Irish "o" patronym, an incorrect Gaelic feminine patronymic prefix combined with an Anglicized name, and an English locative referencing an early Irish kingdom. Such a combination is simply impossible. We recommend the commentary of especially Harpy and Palimpsest for a more detailed discussion of the specific problems with the various elements and their combination here. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR November 1994, p. 12) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.11 | This would be better as Alexander Kyppyn of Kirkcaldy -- the use of double surnames in English is vanishingly rare. [The name was registered anyway.] (Alexander Kyppyn Kirkcaldy, 11/94 p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.10 | [returning the byname the Artful] The epithet, though the word was dated to 1613 (inside our "gray area" for documentation) is far too late to have been used in this kind of epithetical formation. (Edward the Artful, 10/94 p. 16) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.10 | Glen is English; the Gaelic word is gleann. The English form should not be used with a fully Gaelic descriptor. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR October 1994, p. 15) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.10 | The modern English form of the Irish patronym is entirely inconsistent with an Old English given name. (Beornheard O'Dea, 10/94 p. 14) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.10 | The patronymic was Gaelic with the remainder of the name was Englished. As no examples have yet been adduced for combining fully Gaelic forms with Englished forms, we have made the smallest change possible and Englished the patronymic. (Ian MacIneirie of Inverary, 10/94 p. 7) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | [deleting the byname Thin Oak] Thynchere (thin cheer (face)") and Thynnewyt ("thin wit") offer only very weak support for Thinoak (let alone Thin Oak). Both describe directly some feature of the person in question. Jönsjö has no nicknames containing the word oak, and the examples of Oak at (Reaney & Wilson, 327) are all locative. (John Edward, 9/94 p. 6) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | [returning House of the Argent Horse] "Argent" is not a common English element; as an adjective referring to a color, its use is confined almost entirely to heraldry. English, unlike German, has no tradition of house names based on armory; the authentic usage would be White Horse. (Jonathan Thorne, 9/94 p. 18) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | [returning the byname Blackwing] None of the commenters could find any surnames based on the English word wing. (The surname Wing itself is apparently locative.) Indeed, no examples of <color><animal part> were found. Nor is there an English tradition of surnames based on armorial bearings (as there is in Germany, for example. (William Blackwing, 9/94 p. 16) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | [returning the byname the Crusader] Crusader appears not to be a period word. The earliest citation in the OED for crusader is from 1743. Given the history of the word crusade in the same source, a date much earlier than c. 1700 seems out of the question. (Cornelius the Crusader, 9/94 p. 17) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | [returning the given name Albion] Albion is the oldest known name for Great Britain as a whole as early as circa 500 B.C.E. The mythological figure...was created to explain the ancient place-name. Names of mythological figures are generally disallowed unless shown to have been used by real humans in period. Albion appears never to have been anything but a place-name. (Albion, Son of Robyn, 9/94 p. 16) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | Submitted as ...Silverferret, the existence of Silver and Ferret as period surnames, as noted in the LoI, no more justifies Silverferret than the existence of Smith and Jones justifies Smithjones. We have therefore registered the name as an (extremely rare in period) double surname. (Eirik Silver Ferret, 9/94 p. 3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | Submitted as ...the Brown-Eyed, English bynames were not formed from adjectival past participles. We have substituted the documented form. (Elisabeth Browneye, 9/94 p. 10) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | Submitted as Patrick Donovan Warwick, the use of double surnames (or double given names) in English was very late period, and rare enough to be remarkable. (The 1086 citation from Reaney & Wilson is actually for Turchil de Waruuic; the documentation has been overstated.) Since the submitter allowed changes, we have added the article [preposition] to make a more likely form. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR September 1994, p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda | 1994.08 | [Wesley] The first name was only a surname in period, but is registered to the submitter under the Legal Name Allowance. The use of two locative surnames is unusual and not typical. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR August 1994, p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.08 | Submitted as Tamora Enderkelyn, that spelling was only documented from "Titus and Andronicus", one of Shakespeare's plays appearing in 1594, and there was no documentation that it ever entered into general use. We have therefore substituted the documented form. [Editor's note: the play in question, which is eminently missable, is Titus Andronicus.] (Tamara Enderkelyn, 8/94 p. 10) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.08 | The combination of Hindi in an otherwise all English name (Avenell is found in Reaney & Wilson) is particularly jarring, and would not have occurred in period. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR August 1994, p. 16) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.08 | The form of the byname (Fitz<mother's name>) does not seem supported by the evidence. All of the documented names formed on forenames are formed on masculine ones. The exceptions that were noted were not formed on forenames at all: Henry fis le Rey ("son of the King") and FitzEmpress (the latter cited in the LoI). Neither of these support the form of the byname submitted. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR August 1994, p. 21) [Overturned in the LoAR of January 1995, p. 11] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.08 | Though registered a number of times in the SCA, "dark" does not appear to be an element used in English placenames. You might tell the submitter that she would do better with Blackmoor or Swarthmoor. [The name was registered.] (Aveline of Darkmoore, 8/94 p. 5) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.07 | Submitted as Ædward Stædefæste on the LoI, the name appears on the forms as Ædward Stadfæste. The LoI failed to mention that this spelling of the byname appears in the OED as the Danish form. Given the Danish presence in England, I can find no compelling reason not to give the submitter his desired spelling. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR July 1994, p. 6) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.07 | Submitted as Francis Thorppe, the double "p" is an orthographical device used to indicate that the immediately preceding vowel is short; as the vowel does not immediately precede the "p" (as it does in Throp, Thropp), the doubling of the "p" is extremely unlikely and unattested in the documentation. (Francis Thorpe, 7/94 p 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.07 | Withycombe actually says that Veronica was introduced into Scotland in the later 17th century and into England even later. As a consequence its use in an English name is post-period. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR July 1994, p. 5) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.06 | As with the name Amber, discussed in the Cover Letter with the March 1994 LoAR, our prior registrations of Cedric appear to have been based on the supposition that there was an OE prototheme Ced-, which there does not appear to be, though it was a reasonable enough supposition on the basis of the evidence then available. Such supposition appears to have been superseded by further research. (As for Cedrych, (Gruffudd, 21) refers it to Ceidrych, which '[c]ould be a form of "Caradog" but is the name of a river in Carmarthenshire. (Bartrum, 149) has a Keidyrch, but no Ceidrych.) As a consequence, unless and until new research appears giving better historical support to the name, after the September 1994 Laurel meeting we will no longer register Cedric. [6/94c, p.2] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Registering Gwenhwyvar Ainsley.] Submitted as Gwenhwyvar Ainsley a'Ghio, ... an additional problem is the dearth of evidence that a Welsh forename, an English locative surname, and a Gaelic locative surname could have come together in the name of a single individual. Gaelic, in particular, seems to resist mixed language combinations. As a consequence, we have dropped the most unlikely element in order to register the name. [5/94, p.5] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Registering Katrine Avelina Fitzalan.] This would have been better with the given as Katerin or Katerine, as Katrine is a German form unlikely to appear in an otherwise English name. [5/94, p.11] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Returning Alastar the Arcane.] It is very unlikely that a rare, scholarly word (meaning "hidden") borrowed from Latin in very late period would have been used as a byname in our period of study. [Also in violation of RFS I.3.] [5/94, p.15] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Returning Eirik the Wandering.] No one was able to document an authentic English byname formed from the present participle of a word. [5/94, p.16] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Returning Gregor of Falcon's Roost.] The locative is entirely unlikely. As Harpy noted in her commentary, "The English language has 3/4 and had during period 3/4 a perfectly good technical term for the place where falcons 'roost'. It's called a 'mews'. I find it no more likely that a person in period would have felt the need to coin the term 'falcon's roost' than he would have felt the need to coin 'horse shed' to describe a stable." [5/94, p.19] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Returning Gregor of Falcon's Roost.] The locative is entirely unlikely. As Harpy noted in her commentary, "The English language has 3/4 and had during period 3/4 a perfectly good technical term for the place where falcons 'roost'. It's called a 'mews'. I find it no more likely that a person in period would have felt the need to coin the term 'falcon's roost' than he would have felt the need to coin 'horse shed' to describe a stable." [5/94, p.19] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.04 | [Returning Kendrick of the Saxon Shore.] Kendrick is acceptable in this spelling only as a late period given name. The phrase "Saxon Shore" comes from a 5th Century document called the Notitia Dignitatem, which includes a list of stations under the command of an officer called comes litoris Saxonici ("Count of the Saxon Shore"). This title (not name element) dates from the late 3rd Century at the earliest, and [no] evidence of its use appears after the breakdown of Roman authority in Britain (late 5th Century). It does not appear to have been used in any other way (say, as a placename). The combination of an extremely unlikely placename, "lingua franca" or not, which would only have been used (if at all) in early period with a late period given name exceeds the "Rule of Two Weirdnesses", iterated by Baron Bruce in his May 8, 1993 Cover Letter: "If the elements of a submitted name are dated too far apart, then any other anomaly in the name may combine to force it to be returned. ... [H]enceforth, excessive temporal mismatch may contribute to a name's unacceptability; another problem with the name may cause it to be returned." (Cover Letter, May 8, 1993, p. 4) [4/94, p.18] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.04 | [Returning Kynda of Hollyoak.] The derivation of the given name is a further stretch of conjectural elements then we are willing to go. Each single element of conjecture is not too unreasonable in itself, but the cumulative effect of all of the conjectural elements in the chain is just too much. ... [T]he number of conjectural steps to get Kynda from documented examples is about three. The College has long been willing to accept reasonable variances from documented examples, but to accept a series of three conjectural steps is more than we are willing to go. [4/94, p.18] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.04 | [Returning Teresa of Winterhawke.] None of the cited examples justifies this combination in the byname (Wynterskale and Wintretune both obviously refer to places ("hut" and "town", respectively) that are used in winter). No one was able to document any kind of "winter + bird" or "winter + animal" names at all. As a descriptive surname, Winterhawke is unlikely in the extreme; as a place name, it is impossible. [4/94, p.20] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.04 | [Returning Wilhelm the Red Hawk of Brandenburg.] The Red Hawk does not appear to be a reasonable English byname, particularly in conjunction with the German form of the given name. The example of Albert the Bear of Brandenburg does not sufficiently support the form for the [color + animal] of Brandenburg. [4/94, p.15] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.04 | Submitted as Jean Baylard Silverswan, we have dropped the problematic element. The examples given in the LoI do not adequately support the construction of Silverswan, nor were any of the commenters able to adequately justify it. [4/94, p.11] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.03 | [Returning ... of Emerald Marsh.] In period the word "emerald" was applied only to the gem, not to a color. As emeralds are not normally found in marshes, the place name is extremely unlikely. Would the submitter consider "Greenmarsh"? [3/94, p.14] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.03 | [Returning Mavis Isleen Reynebaud of Falcon's Keep.] Mavis is not documented before 1891. Isleen is unlikely as a period Englishing of the Irish name Aisling, which would more likely be Anglicized as Ashling. The submitter permitted only minor changes, and we believed the changes necessary to register some form of the name went beyond this allowance. [3/94, p.15] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.03 | [Returning Swamp Keype.] Given the combination of weak evidence for this spelling of the noun "keep", the ... splitting into two parts ... (not a common English period practice, under the best circumstances) and then modifying the spelling of only the last element, we find the combination highly unlikely. [3/94, p.20] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.03 | Submitted as ... o Tatershal, the Welsh "o" is out of place with the English placename. The simplest course was to simply drop it. [3/94, p.2] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.03 | Submitted as Muirghan Ruadh of Dragoon Keep, "Dragoon" is a post-period term applied to a particular type of pistol, and only later applied to the cavalrymen who carried that pistol. It is not a period variant of "dragon". We have, therefore, dropped it in order to register the name. [3/94, p.9] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.02 | [Returning Oengus of Greymist] The locative is extremely unlikely. We know of no period name formations of this "misty" type. The many "color + thing" locatives the submitter cites in his documentation (e.g., Blackwood, Blackwell, Blacklock, &co.) are all much more "physical" than this proposal. [2/94, p.23] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.01 | [Returning Robin Wilderkyn] By following the examples given by Lady Ensign of Boykin, Webkin, and Revekyn, [Wilderkyn] would appear to mean literally "little wild animal". As a consequence, this version appears to suffer from the same problem as its previous incarnation, Robin Wildeorcynn (returned in the LoAR of [11/92]) [for claiming to be the same species as a deer]. [1/94, p.17] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.01 | Only Green Anchor, among all the commenters, was able to find any support for [of Wolf's End], and even that is a bit of a stretch, since none of the examples of "End" he found had an animal with them. [1/94, p.15] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12a | [Registering "Breakshield"] Submitted as ... Shieldbreaker, the byname has been modified to match a documentable form. [12a/93, p.10] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12b | [Registering Canton of Wintersedge.] Submitted as Canton of Winter's Edge. We have modified the name to match the grammar of the name with the documented form for English place names. [12b/93, p.8] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12a | [Returning Alexander de Saytoune na Ban Dharaich.] There were two problems with the name. The first is the use of de with Saytoune, which is, in Lord Palimpsest's words, "probably not right", owing to the fact that Saytoune does not predate the 15th Century, well after use of "de" disappeared. The second, is that the Gaelic byname is unlikely in the extreme to have been used with what is essentially an English name. While the submitter allowed minor changes, we felt that dropping the "de" and either dropping the byname or translating it into English did not constitute minor changes. [12a/93, p.19] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12b | [Returning March of the Wild Hares.] None of the commenters could find any period models for this placename formation, nor was any documentation supporting this form included with the submission. Additionally, the name is obtrusively modern in that the first association many of the commenters had was the tea party with the March Hare described so amusingly by Lewis Carroll. [12b/93, p.12] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12b | [Stormchaser] does not appear to be formed in a style that would have been used in period. All of the bynames any of the commenters found were formed in the manner of the examples cited in the LoI, Chacepork (chase-pork) or Chasemuine (chase-monk), and even these examples were not really equivalent to the submitted byname even should it be modified to match the documented pattern (Chasestorm). [12b/93, p.14] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12a | No documentation was evidenced by either the submitter or the commenters that "the Traveled" or anything similar in form or grammar is or was applied as an epithet in period. [12a/93, p.5] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1993.12b | The construction of [Bladeslayer] is not a reasonable one. "Slay" in period (or since) did not mean "to break an inanimate object". You might try recommending to him the documented Brekeblade or Breakblade (or Brekeswerd, Breaksword, Breakspear, or Brekelaunce). [12b/93, p.10] |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.10 | [James o' Gordon] Please make sure the submitter understands that the byname is not a patronymic; it is a toponymic, "of Gordon", the latter being a place. This would be acceptable even without the apostrophe: the OED cites o as a period spelling of "of". (James o' Gordon, October, 1993, pg. 1) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.10 | Note that Spanish-English cultural interaction is easily attested via various Tudor marriages; Philip of Spain and Bloody Mary spring to mind. (Maria Adelina Garcia de Macjenkyne, October, 1993, pg. 19) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.10 | Note that we have in the past allowed the use of Mac with English given names. (Logan Mersc Macjenkyne, October, 1993, pg. 11) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.09 | John is not the same name as Jonathan, nor its diminutive [therefore they do not conflict with each other]. (Jonathan ap Morgan, September, 1993, pg. 3) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.08 | Janie appears to be a valid period diminutive of Jane, as Janny is from Jan (Reaney & Wilson 252) (Janie Fairchild, August, 1993, pg. 9) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.07 | [Lucius Thayne] A thane (or thegn) was a free retainer in pre-Conquest England, and in Scotland up to the 15th Century; the term denotes a member of territorial nobility corresponding to the Norman baron or knight. The title was one step below the eorl, and might be either earned or inherited. In the SCA, the term is used as the Old English equivalent of "baron", and is therefore reserved. Old English usage puts the title after the name: Ælfred cyning, Leofric eorl, Lyfing arcebisceop. The submitted name is thus exactly in the form that would have been used by a period thane. That fact, along with the Society use of the title, and its hereditary nature in period, outweighs the documented use of Thane, Thaine as a surname later in period. It must therefore be returned as presumptuous. (OED, under the entries for earl, king and thane; '93 E.Brit., vol.11, p.672; Reaney DBS II, pp.112, 345). (Lucius Thayne, July, 1993, pg. 15) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.06 | [Foxhair] Given the period examples in Jönsjö's Middle English Nicknames of Todheved "fox-head" and Horsher "horse-hair", the submitted byname is quite reasonable. (Joscelin Foxhair, June, 1993, pg. 2) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.05 | Logan seems acceptable as an anglicization of the Irish Locân, Leogán (Logan Hawkwood, May, 1993, pg. 12) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.03 | The submitter documents period interaction between England and Russia: Ivan the Terrible took some pains to cultivate a friendly relationship with England. He chartered the London-based Muscovy Company in 1555 to set up trading depots throughout Muscovy (Basil Dmytryshny, Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 900-1700), and himself sought to marry one of Queen Elizabeth's ladies (1911 E.Brit., vol.xv, p.90). Henceforth, we will register English-Russian names from that period. [Supercedes precedent of October 1992, pg. 29 (Boris Brighthill)] (Tatiana Todhunter, March, 1993, pg. 18) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.01 | [Anthony Iron Skull] The byname is a translation into our lingua franca of the Old Norse epithet járnhauss. Given analogous epithets in Latin (testifer, "iron head", 1297) and English (brasenhed, "brass head", 1434), this is not unreasonable even in translation. While [Ironskull] would be a more authentic construction, the above form is acceptable. (Anthony Iron Skull, January, 1993, pg. 3) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.01 | According to Lord Palimpsest, Withycombe 's entry on Quentin is inaccurate; it was a masculine name in period, not a feminine name. In this case, it goes well with the masculine patronymic Ó Riordáin; but the submitter should probably be told that her name would have been a man's name in period (even with the feminine Siobhan added). (Quentyn Siobhan Ó Riordáin, January, 1993, pg. 20) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.10 | [Boris Brighthill] The use of the Russian given name with the English surname violates our requirements for cultural contact, as outlined in Rule III.2. We need some evidence of period interaction between Russia and England. [Such evidence was later presented; see Tatiana Todhunter, March, 1993, pg. 18] (Boris Brighthill, October, 1992, pg. 29) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.10 | [De la Waterford] While there's ample evidence of the Norman de being used with English placenames, such constructions would not have added a superfluous article; we've therefore deleted it here. (Matilda de Waterford, October, 1992, pg. 11) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | [The Blacksword] The examples of weaponry epithets in Jönsjö generally lack the definite article [name registered without "the"]. (Gaufrid Kelson Blacksword, September, 1992, pg. 19) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | Although the byname Shieldwrecker is marginally registerable, it doesn't mean what the submitter thinks: it might mean "one who takes revenge on a shield", or "one who casts a shield ashore." Please advise the submitter that there are period epithets for one who damages his shield: Crakesheld (from 1327) or Breakshield would be an improvement. (Haldan Shieldwrecker of Warrior's Gate, September, 1992, pg. 32)/FONT> |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | Several commenters suggested that the use of -bane with inanimate objects was post-period. However, the OED does give instances of the verb bane used with inanimate objects such as bones (in 1568) and voyages (in 1639, within our 50-year "grey zone" for documentation). The construction, I concede, owes more to historical novels than to historical evidence ...but I don't believe the usage is sufficient grounds for returning a name. (Damian Bladesbane, September, 1992, pg. 31) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.08 | The byname was submitted as Reidleac, but that form combines English and Scots Gaelic into a single word. Such practice is disallowed per Rule III.2.a. We have substituted a completely English spelling [Reidleck]; he could also have the Gaelic Ruadhleac, if he wishes. (Odinel Reidleck, August, 1992, pg. 7) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.07 | It doesn't seem likely that coalescing willow + wood would cause the initial letter of wood to vanish, any more than with oakwood [name was corrected to Willowwood]. (Edward of Willowwood, July, 1992, pg. 12) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.06 | [Jaspyr] "The name has been modified to match the documented form [Jasper]. No documentation was presented that a y/e change is a reasonable variant." (LoAR 6/92 p.7). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1992.02 | "The 'Barony of Dragon' does not make sense in German or English. At the very least it needs an article. As the clients allowed no changes, we are having to return this." (LoAR 2/92 p.19). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1991.11 | [Just <given name>] "Lord Dragon has found evidence from period for the given name Justus and Juste, as well as <given name> as a surname, so this name can be justified as a perfectly legitimate construction." (LoAR 11/91 p.3). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1991.08 | [Irwyn] "Reaney's dictionary of British Surnames notes Irwine as a given name in 1185. This form should be acceptable." (LoAR 8/91 p.2). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd year, 1st tenure) | 1991.08 | [Returning of Cadfael the Mordacious ] "The meaning for Mordacious in the OED is dated to 1650 which is at the outer limits of our 'grey area'. Could you interest the submitter in the documentably Period term 'Mordant'?" [The name was returned primarily for administrative reasons.] (LoAR 8/91 p.19). |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (1st year of 1st tenure) | 1991.05 | [Registering Robert de Spenser of Wessex ] "Although derived from the French 'le Despencer', Reaney in his The Origin of English Surnames, p.158, notes a son of Hugh le Despencer was called Hugh de Spencer (thirteenth century). Thus, this form of the name should be fine." (LoAR 5/91 p.4). |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1988.10.30 | As the given name was English, we felt that it was proper to use the Old English form of the patronymic [Beornsson] which is closer in sound to the form submitted [Bjornsson]. [The Norse form is Bjarnarson] (LoAR 30 Oct 88, p. 3) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1988.01.24 | [Returning of Raymond of Argentwood] The use of the French adjective "argent" in this manner, prefixed to an English noun, does not seem to be period, although Silverwood would be fine. As he forbids even minor changes to his name, the name as a whole must be returned. (LoAR 24 Jan 88, p. 9) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1988.08 | [Howard] This is a case where Withycombe, who feels that the use of "Howard" as a given name is of relatively recent origin (p. 156), would seem to be in error. Reaney (Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 184) cites numerous period instances of its use as a given name occurring as early as Domesday Book. (LoAR Aug 88, p. 6) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1986.12.28 | The family name was submitted as [Name]sson. However, [Name] is an English mispronunciation of the Welsh family name [Name] and thus is inappropriate for use in such a patronymic. (LoAR 28 Dec 86, p. 10) |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1984.09.28 | Selene is the name of a Greek goddess, and is not, according to Withycombe, a variant of Selina. She might consider the period saint's name Céline. [BoE, 28 Sept 84, p.12] |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1981.07.29 | Having a surname and a patronymic is improper in English usage. In particular, the patronymic uses only the father's given name. WVS [48] [LoAR 29 Jul 81], p. 4 |
| Wilhelm von Schlüssel | 1980.04.14 | I believe that the use of middle names like that in English is out of period. WVS [15] [LoAR 14 Apr 80], p. 2 |