| Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | The submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Italy. Because da is the usual Italian preposition used in a locative byname, the commentors questioned whether the preposition de was correct. However, as Kraken notes, "In the 13th century (the desired time frame), the transition from medieval Latin to Italian was in its early stages, and the Latin preposition de would still be in use..." [Lorita de Siena, 05/04, A-East] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Gianotta Dallafiora, the name was documented from The Online Catasto of 1427. This source lists names in all capital letters and eliminates spaces in name phrases. The usual documentary form of this byname is dalla Fiora; we have changed the byname to this form. [Gianotta dalla Fiora, 05/04, A-East] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Sabatina Da Valle, we have changed the name to Sabatina da Valle. In period Italian names, locative prepositions are written in lowercase.
The submitter requested authenticity for 12th-13th C Italian language/culture and accepted only minor changes. The College questioned whether the preposition da, meaning "from," was appropriate with a generic toponymic byname, especially since the dated examples found by the College all showed the expected preposition+article, della or dalla, meaning "from the". A popular website on the history of San Marino, a state on the Adriatic coast of Italy (http://www.libertas.sm/), lists a Cecco di Giovanni da Valle as one of the Captains Regent of San Marino in 1442. While the name spellings on this website appear to be modern, there seems to be no reason to doubt the basic formation of this byname. [Sabatina da Valle, 05/04, A-East] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | [Household name La Casa della Croce a Fiori] No documentation was submitted nor any found that this name follows period Italian inn name or household name practice. Unfortunately, we are unable to recommend a good single source for Italian inn names. However, there is no evidence that inns in Italy were named in the way that English and German inn sign names are formed. In addition, while the words given here literally translate to "House of the Flowered Cross", no evidence was presented that this is a reasonable Italian phrase or description. For one, we are unsure what a flowered cross would be. If the intention is a cross made of flowers, modern Italian usage tends toward "croce di fiori." [Esperanza Razzolini d'Asolo, 05/04, R-East] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | No dates were provided for the byname Bizzarro; it is documented only as a header spelling in De Felice's Dizionario dei Cognomi Italiani. However, the submitter made no requests for authenticity. When (1) a name is listed in De Felice, (2) the documentation includes no indication that it is post-period, and (3) the name follows naming patterns documented to period, we have traditionally given the submitter the benefit of the doubt by assuming it was used in period and is therefore registerable. [Giovanni Bizzarro, 04/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | The College raised the question whether Destino was adequately documented as a period name. When (1) a name is listed in De Felice, (2) the documentation includes no indication that it is post-period, and (3) the name follows naming patterns documented to period, we have traditionally given the submitter the benefit of the doubt by assuming it was used in period and is therefore registerable. Orle cites these names from James Grubb's Provincial Families of the Renaissance: Private and Public Life in the Veneto: Well-behaved (Bonagente) Uglychild (Brutofante), God Aid Him (Deolavanzio), No Trouble (Senzabriga), Welcome (Benvenuto), Good fortune (Bonaventura), Pilgrim (Pellegrino), and Allgood (Ognibene). [Destino Dini, 04/04, A-Outlands] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | This combines an Italian given name with a French byname, which Laurel precedent considers a step from period practice. [Isabetta Delecroix, 03/04, A-Meridies] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | This name adds an Italian placename to an otherwise Spanish name. Although the submitter provided documentation for Soldano as a placename in period, no documentation was provided that this particular form was used in Spain. A Laurel precedent of August 2001 holds that combining Spanish and Italian in a single name is a step from period practice, hence registerable. [Diego Rivera de Soldano, 03/04, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Raphaella di Contini, the submitter requested authenticity for mid-1400 to 1500 Venice and allowed any changes.
No documentation was presented and none was found to support a -ph- spelling of the given name in Italian, even modernly. Lacking such evidence, we have changed this to the undated feminine form Raffaella found in De Felice, Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (p. 311 s.n. Raffaelle). No evidence was found that a feminine form of Raffaello was used in Italian in period. However, the documented examples of the masculine given name forms Raffaello and Raffaele, combined with the period examples of feminine names ending in -a sharing the same root as masculine names ending in -o, is sufficient to give the submitter the benefit regarding the plausibility of Raffaella in period. Lacking dated period examples of this given name, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. The submitted byname di Contini was not grammatically correct. Contini is a genitive form. The corresponding nominative form, which would be used with di, is Contino. Therefore, grammatically correct forms of this name would be Raffaella Contini and Raffaella di Contino. As the second of these forms is closer to the submitted name, we have changed the name to that form in order to register this name. [Raffaella di Contino, 03/2004, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Guilla Ironhair, there was considerable discussion regarding the submitted given name Guilla. As Siren found dated examples of Guilla in period, we are able to register this name.
Guilla was submitted as an Italian feminine given name based on information provided in the LoI:
The LoI is correct, as explained in the August 2001 LoAR:
The LoI hypothesized that Guilla could be a feminine form of the Breton masculine given name Guillo found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Given Names from Brittany, 1384-1600," (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/latebreton/). Metron Ariston explained why this construction is not likely in Breton:
Siren found evidence of Guilla or Willa used as a woman's name in 11th C Italy:
It is possible that this use of Guilla is an import of the French Willa, but there is insufficient information to be certain at this time. Regardless, given the information provided by Siren, Guilla is registerable as an 11th C Italian feminine given name. [Guilla Ironhare, 02/2004, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Marcellus Padovano, the submitter requested authenticity for Renaissance Italian and allowed all changes. The submitter indicated that the sound "Marcellus" is most important to him.
As submitted, this name combines a Latin form of the given name with an Italian form of the byname. Typically, if a given name was written in Latin rather than in Italian, the byname would also be written in Latin. A man with this name would have had his name written in the fully Latin form Marcellus Padovanus, if the document in which his name was recorded was in Latin. Similarly, he would be recorded using the fully Italian form Marcello Padovano in an Italian language document. As the fully Latin form preserves the sound of Marcellus, we have changed this name to the Latin form Marcellus Padovanus in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Marcellus Padovanus, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | This name mixes Spanish and Italian, a combination which has been ruled registerable, though with a weirdness. The LoI documented Gabriele as an undated Italian masculine given name. The College was able to find evidence of this name, in this spelling, in 14th to 16th C Italy. While the more common forms of a byname derived from the masculine given name Gabriele would be di Gabriele or Gabrieli, there are examples of unmarked patronymic surnames in period Italian. Therefore, this name may be registered as submitted. [Isabella Gabriele de Álora, 12/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Raffaello de Cernia, this name was submitted as Raphael de Cernia. The submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed minor changes. The given name was changed at Kingdom from the English from Raphael to the Italian form Raffaello in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested culture.
However, changing the given name from an English form to an Italian form is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. No evidence was provided either in the submitted documentation or in the LoI indicating that the submitter specifically allowed this major change. Therefore, we are returning the given name to the submitted English form Raphael in order to register this name. The submitted documentation showed the byname as da Cernia rather than de Cernia. We have changed the byname to da Cernia to match the submitted documentation and to make this name more typical for Italian. As the submitter requested authenticity for Italian, the submitter may be interested in knowing that the College found support for both Raffaello and Raffaele as Italian forms of the given name Raphael. Aryanhwy merch Catmael notes:
Based on this information, both Raffaello da Cernia and Raffaele da Cernia would be fully Italian forms of this name. [Raphael da Cernia, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Giovanni da Lucca, this name was submitted as Giovanni Di Lucca. The submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed minor changes. Both di Lucca and da Lucca are bynames in Italian that can be found in "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/). The byname di Lucca is a patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Luca, which is also occasionally found as Lucca. The byname da Lucca is a locative byname referring to a town west of Florence which is found in records as Luca or Lucca. As the submitted documentation specifically referred to a town rather than a masculine given name, we have registered this name in the locative byname form. [Giovanni da Lucca, 12/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Regarding the submitter's request for authenticity: in our period, a man of mixed Italian and Spanish ancestory would have had his name recorded in different ways. In a document written in Italian, his name would have been written completely in an Italian form. In a document written completely in Spanish, his name would have been written completely in a Spanish form.
Maridonna Benvenuti, a regular attendee at the Pelican decision meetings, made time to specifically research this item as a courtesy to the submitter and we thank her for her effort. She found one example of Argento included as part of a byname in period:
Based on the form of the name found by Maridonna, the form de Argento appears to be a Latin form. Lacking evidence that Argento would have appeared as a stand-alone byname in period, we would have changed this byname to the documented form de Argento in order to register this name. However, as the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to make this change. [Miguel Argento, 12/2003, R-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Isabella Feliciano del Rio, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th C Italy and allowed any changes. The College was unable to date Feliciano to the 14th C. However, they were able to date this byname to 1633 in Italy (and to the late 16th C in Spain), which is sufficient for registration.
The byname del Rio 'of the river' is Spanish, not Italian. The Italian form is del Fiume. The College was unable to document this as a period byname. However, the placename Fiume 'river' is found in Mercator's 1554 map of Italy (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/), making the locative byname da Fiume plausible as a 16th C byname. We do not know if the Fiume shown in Mercator's map existed in the 14th C, but we have changed to this form to partially meet her request for authenticity. [Isabella Feliciano da Fiume, 11/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | The name Gerlanda was documented as a modern name. The masculine Gerlando was only documented to period as the name of a saint whose cult was essentially limited to Sicily. Barring some evidence that the masculine form was in general use in period, we cannot give the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the feminine form was used in period. [Gerlanda Amori d'Agrigento, 11/2003, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Lisabetta Lucia dei Antelini, the provided documentation did not support the use of dei with the documented Antelini. The article from which Antelini was taken notes that the authors are unsure of the origin of the element, and without that information, it is impossible to judge whether the use of dei is appropriate. Therefore, lacking evidence that dei Antelini is a reasonable construction in period, we have dropped dei in order to register this name. [Lisabetta Lucia Antelini, 11/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | This name has several problems. First, Danièlla is not documented as a period name, but only as a modern one. The masculine Daniello can be found in the 1427 Florence census, but in general names derived from Old Testament figures were not feminized in period. Therefore, barring evidence that any form of Danièlla was used in period, it is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we are unable to drop this element in order to register this name.
An additional problem is that no evidence was found for the compound name Rosamaria in period. Both Rosa and Maria are names, and each is registerable. Splitting the submitted Rosamaria into two given names would result in this submission having three given names. A name with three given names in Italian is currently registerable, though it is a weirdness:
As a note, the submitter should know that the accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not actually a part of the name. [Danièlla Rosamarìa D'Abramo, 11/2003, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | No evidence was presented nor could any be found that silente was used in period, or that it is an appropriate byname in Italian. Barring such evidence, the byname le Silente is not registerable. The evidence the College collected suggested that la Tacita would be more likely. However, as the submitter does not allow major changes, we cannot make that change.
In addition, the accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not part of the name. Therefore, we have removed them from the given name when creating her holding name. [Viviána le Silente, 11/2003, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Serena Alessandra Dellaluna, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Italian and allowed any changes. The byname Dellaluna was documented from Ferrante LaVolpe's article "Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/). The source that this author worked from standardizes all of the surnames to 10 characters, removes spaces, and uppercases all of the letters. Based on this information, the name represented by DELLALUNA in this source is most likely della Luna. We have made this change. [Serena Alessandra della Luna, 10/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | There are a number of issues with the documentation submitted for the name Guiseppina. The documentation provided in the LoI for Guiseppina was:
However, the entry in De Felice is for the name Giuseppe not Guiseppe. Similarly, this entry lists Giuseppina as an undated feminine name, not Guiseppina. Additionally, Aryanhwy has checked her article and found that the listing of Guiseppe in her article was a typo for Giuseppe and has made this correction in this article. As a result, we have no evidence that Guiseppe is a plausible period variant of the masculine given name Giuseppe. In period, not all masculine names had feminine forms that were used as women's names. Undated forms in De Felice are not necessarily period names. They are registerable or not, depending upon other evidence and their plausibility as period names. In the case of Giuseppina, its popularity is likely due to Josephine Bonaparte. The College was unable to find evidence that any feminine form of Giuseppe was used in Italian in period. [Guiseppina Sciarrino, 10/2003, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Florence and allowed minor changes. There was considerable discussion regarding the submitted byname degli Albizzi. Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "Names from Arezzo, Italy, 1386-1528" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/arezzofam.html) lists the byname degli Albizi as appearing three times in this data. David Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield, Anthony Molho, and Roberto Barducci, ed., "FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE RESOURCES: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/) lists the byname ALBIZZI. As this article normalizes bynames, this listing most likely represents the period form Albizzi. Based on these examples, the submitted form seems reasonable for 15th C Florence. [Apollonia Margherita degli Albizzi, 09/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Anna Francesca Mason, Mason was documented as an Italian byname found in De Felice, Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani (p. 164 s.n. Masi). The LoI noted that the submitter preferred the form Massone and allows minor changes.
Metron Ariston found that two period artists had Massone as part of their names:
The College was unable to conclusively determine whether Massone was a masculine given name, a placename, or an occupational byname. As a result, it is difficult to determine what form Massone would take when used as part of a woman's byname. In the names found by Metron Ariston, Massone seems to be used as a masculine given name, which is consistent with the family name form Massoni listed in Ferrante LaVolpe's article "Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/). Therefore, typical forms of the submitted name would be Anna Francesca di Massone and Anna Francesca Massoni. While the form di [masculine given name (nominative case)] is typical, there are a handful of examples of bynames that are formed using a masculine given name in the nominative case and do not include di. The article "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/) lists some examples of this type of byname, including Mario Salamone in 1482, 1483, and 1484. Further evidence that this form of byname is indeed a byname, and not a second given name, may be seen in three variations of one man's name in this article: Ghuglielmo Ramondo, Ghulielmo Ramondi, and Guglielmo Ramondo (all dated to 1482). Based on this information, Anna Francesca Massone is plausible as an Italian name in period. Therefore, we have changed the byname to the form desired by the submitter. [Anna Francesca Massone, 09/2003, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | This submission documented Portia as a literary name in English, Magdalena as an Italian feminine given name, and Bosch as the name of a medieval painter, but did not note the language for this element. The lingual mix in this name caused much discussion. Metron Ariston found evidence for Portia in Italian:
Given the information found by Metron Ariston, this name may be considered as a combination of Italian and Flemish, which is a registerable combination, though it carries a weirdness. [Portia Magdalena Bosch, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Maria Alegreza di Nicoletti, the byname was not correctly formed. Siren explains:
We have registered this name in the second form suggested by Siren as it retains the pronunciation of the byname element Nicoletti. [Maria Alegreza Nicoletti, 08/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Orlando de Medici, the submission form listed the name as Orlando de' Medici. The element de' is an abbreviation for dei. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have spelled it out. [Orlando dei Medici, 08/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Rosa Maria di Cosenza, the particle used with in locative bynames in Italian is da, not di. We have made this change. [Rosa Maria da Cosenza, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Anastasia MacEwan da Ravenna, this name was submitted as Anastasia de Ravenna MacEwan. The order of the bynames was changed at Kingdom to follow period examples of names having a surname first, followed by a locative byname. The form indicates that the submitter accepts only minor changes, and no indication was given on the LoI that the submitter was contacted and that she permitted reversing these bynames. Lacking evidence that the submitter allowed major changes, or specifically allowed the switch of the order of these bynames, this change should not have been made.
However, without this change, the name is not registerable. There is no evidence that patronymic bynames such as MacEwan appeared after locative bynames such as da Ravenna in either Scots or Italian. Therefore, this name must be returned. [Anastasia de Ravenna MacEwan, 08/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Licia da Solari, this name was submitted as Licia de Solaria and changed at Kingdom to correct the locative byname to the form found in Fucilla. However, Fucilla gives modern forms; all examples found by the College of Solari in Italian in period appear without a preposition. Therefore, we have dropped da in order to match period examples of this surname and register this name. [Licia Solari, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Céline di Moneta Angeli, this name was submitted as Céline de Moneta Angeli and changed at Kingdom to use the standard patronymic marker di rather than the Latin de.
Moneta is listed under Giacomoni, which is given as a diminutive of Giacomo in Fucilla (p. 42). However, the College was unable to find evidence that Moneta was used in period as a diminutive of a masculine given name. Instead, evidence was found of Moneta as a surname referring to a coin or money, which likely originated as an occupational byname. Juliana de Luna's article "Masculine Names from Thirteenth Century Pisa" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/pisa/pisa-bynames-alpha.html) lists the surname de Moneta. (The original source is in Latin.) Lacking evidence that Moneta is a period diminutive of a masculine given name, it is not registerable in a patronymic byname such as di Moneta. In order to register this name, we have changed the byname to the documented occupational byname de Moneta and placed the family name before the occupational byname to follow period patterns. [Céline Angeli de Moneta, 08/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Besina Daverona, the submission form had the entire name capitalized and it is unclear whether or not there is a space between DA and VERONA. However, the attached Pennsic consultation worksheet clearly showed the byname as da Verona. As this form matches the submitted documentation, we have changed the byname to this form. [Besina da Verona, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Lillia Sandra Fassóne, Lillia was documented from Emidio de Felice, Dizionario dei Nomi Italiani (p. 233 s.n. Lilia), which gives this name as a short form of Liliana. The College was unable to find evidence of Lillia in use in Italy before the 19th C. Lacking evidence that the Lillia is plausible as an Italian name in period, it is not registerable.
As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the English form Lylie, which is dated to 1296 in Reaney & Wilson (p. 279 s.n. Liley), in order to register this name. The byname Fassóne was documented from Emidio de Felice Dizionario dei Cognomi Italiani (s.n. Fazio). The accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not part of the name. We have made this correction. [Lylie Sandra Fassone, 07/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | [Alternate name Bonafemena del Bimbo] Submitted as Bonafemena Delbimbo, the byname Delbimbo was documented from Ferrante LaVolpe's article "Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/). The source that this author worked from standardizes all of the surnames to 10 characters, removes spaces, and uppercases all of the letters. Based on this information, the name represented by DELBIMBO in this source is most likely del Bimbo. We have made this change. [Banbnat MacDermot, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | The byname della Neve was documented as a surname from Fucilla (p. 224), which states "Neve, Della Neve, snow, could apply to a very light complexioned person". The problem with Fucilla is that there are few, if any, dates in this source. So, in most instances, it is not possible to tell simply from reading the entry in Fucilla if the name is period or not. In most cases, the same name may be found in other sources. In other cases, a pattern of similar names may be documented. The College was unable to find evidence of della Neve as a byname in any source other than Fucilla. The only use of della Neve in period that was found by the College was in the phrase Santa Maria della Neve 'Saint Mary of the Snow', which was used as an appellation of the Madonna. Lacking evidence that della Neve is plausible as a byname in period, it is not registerable. [Allegranza della Neve, 07/2003 LoAR, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Listed on the LoI as Carlo Ettore di Trario, this name was submitted as Carlo Ettore da Trario and the article da changed to di at Kingdom. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th to 16th C Italian and allowed any changes.
The LoI stated that "Trario is an Italian placename from the submitter's ancestry." However, no documentation was provided and none was found that Trario is a placename. Crescent and Metron Ariston found examples of the surname Trario dating to 1616 at the URL http://www.castelbolognese.org/zitellebianche.htm. Metron Ariston wrote:
This Web page lists Cesare Trario, Ettore Trario, and Alessandro Trario in these references for 1616. Lacking evidence that Trario is a byname that would be used with an article, we have dropped the article in order to register this name. [Carlo Ettore Trario, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Cecilia Fiametta Delcanto, the byname Delcanto was documented from David Herlihy, Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, R. Burr Litchfield, and Anthony Molho, ed., "FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE RESOURCES: Online Catasto of 1427" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/overview.html). This source standardizes all of the surnames to 10 characters, removes spaces, and uppercases all of the letters. Based on this information, the name represented by DELCANTO in this source is most likely del Canto. We have made this change. [Cecilia Fiametta del Canto, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | The submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed any changes. [...]
There was some question whether the name Valeria was used in Italian rather than in Roman-era Latin. Maridonna Benvenuti found an example an Italian example of this name in the 15th C:
There was some question whether the use of the name Borgia was presumptuous. Use of Borgia was ruled presumptuous in 1988:
However, Tamera Borgia was registered in May of 1996 and Giuseppe Francesco da Borgia was registered in August of 1994. At issue is whether use of the name Borgia is a claim to be a member of the noble family. Regarding this issue, Maridonna Benvenuti provided the following information:
As the location was founded in 1547, a person in the late 16th C who was from Borgia in Catanzaro could have been known as da Borgia. There are examples of partially Latinized Italian bynames using de rather than the Italian da. (For some examples of this trend, see "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484", http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/). Therefore, de Borgia is registerable as a variant of da Borgia. [Valeria de Borgia, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Nicola de Lipardi, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th to 16th C Italian. No documentation was presented and none was found for Lipardi as an Italian name, though documentation was presented for the similar name Lipari. As Lipari is a placename, we have changed this byname to da Lipari 'of Lipari' in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Nicola da Lipari, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Isabella Beatrice de la Rosa, this name was submitted as Isabella Beatrice Dela Rosa. The byname was modified to a documentable form at Kingdom. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture.
Isabella and Beatrice were documented as Italian names dated to 1427. The form de la Rosa found by Kingdom was documented as Spanish. The "Florentine Renaissance Resources: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/) lists DELLAROSA as appearing 42 times. The Tratte site standardizes the forms of the names, so the listed DELLAROSA likely represents a period della Rosa. We have changed the byname to make this name consistently Italian in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Isabella Beatrice della Rosa, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Ingvarr W{oe}lsing, the submitter requested authenticity for 5th to 6th C continental Saxon and allowed minor changes. The submitted documentation shows Wælsing rather than W{oe}lsing. We have made this change. Ingvarr was documented as Old Norse, while Wælsing was documented as Old English. Lacking evidence that either element was used in the submitter's requested time and culture, we were unable to make this name authentic. [Ingvarr Wælsing, 04/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Listed on the LoI as Pamela Gattaerelli, this name was submitted as Paméla Gattaerelli. The accent was dropped from the given name at Kingdom because the accents used in De Felice are pronunciation guides and are not part of the name.
The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Italian. Though the name Pamela is listed in De Felice Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (s.n. Pamela), this entry gives no indication that the name Pamela came into use in Italy in period. Withycombe (s.n. Pamela) indicates that Philip Sidney invented this name for a character in his poem "Arcadia" in 1590. Pamela is registerable as an English name under the guidelines for registerability of literary names (Cover Letter for the February 1999 LoAR). However, lacking evidence that this name came into use in Italy in period, this name is not authentic for 16th C Italian. Gattaerelli was documented from Fucilla (p. 136). However, the form listed in Fucilla is Gattarelli, not Gattaerelli. We have changed the spelling of the byname to match the documentation. [Pamela Gattarelli, 04/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | This name was submitted as Angharad o'r Rhosyn ferch Rhain and changed at Kingdom to use y, as it is typically used with objects while o'r is usually used with generic locations. This name was intended to mean 'Angharad of the Rose, daughter of Rhain'.
The question was raised regarding whether a byname meaning 'of the Rose' was presumptuous, and so was not registerable. Indeed, previous precedent has ruled:
However, the point was raised that we have recently registered the bynames de la Rosa and de la Rose. Therefore, a clarification is in order. RfS VI.1 "Names Claiming Rank" states in part:
Bynames meaning 'lord', 'master', 'knight', etc., have been ruled to be presumptuous in multiple languages. The reason is that use of these bynames is an "explicit assertion of rank", which is prohibited in RfS VI.1 cited above. However, unlike Master, Knight, etc., and their associated alternate forms found in the List of Alternate Titles (http://heraldry.sca.org/titles.html), 'of the Rose' is not used as a title in the S.C.A., though it can be interpreted as claiming membership in the Order of the Rose. The key is whether such a byname is an "explicit assertion of rank". Reaney & Wilson (p. 383 s.n. Rose) date Robert de la Rose to 1242 and Adam atte Rose to 1305. Berm�dez Plata, Don Cristóbal, Catálogo de Pasajeros a Indias Durante los Siglos XVI, XVII, y XVIII (vol II, p. 131, #2206) dates Francisco de la Rosa to 1535. David Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield, Anthony Molho, and Roberto Barducci, ed., "FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE RESOURCES: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/) lists the byname DELLAROSA. As this article normalizes bynames, this listing most likely represents the period form della Rosa. From these sources, we have documented period use of the bynames de la Rose and atte Rose in English, de la Rosa in Spanish, and della Rosa in Italian. Use of these bynames was not an "explicit assertion of rank" in period. Nor, given the number of times they have been registered without comment, both from the College of Arms during commentary and in the LoARs, use of these documented period bynames is not generally seen to be an "explicit assertion of rank" within the S.C.A. Therefore, like the given name Regina, these bynames are registerable so long as there is no suggestion of rank implied by this element in conjuction with another element in the name, or in the name as a whole. [Angharad y Rhosyn ferch Rhain, 04/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Listed on the LoI as Isabella Edera, this name was submitted as Isabella di Edera. The particle di was dropped at Kingdom because di is used in patronymic bynames in Italian and Edera was documented as an Italian word meaning 'ivy', not as a given name that could be used in a patronymic byname. In fact, De Felice, Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (p. 135 s.n. Edera), indicates that the use of Edera as a given name is modern.
No evidence was presented to show that Edera was used in a byname in Italian in period or that edera was used as an Italian word in period. The College found that edera is the modern Italian word for 'ivy' and that it derives from the Latin word hedera. Therefore, it is plausible to assume that edera was a period word in Italian. Fucilla (pp. 76-78, 79-82, 97) shows bynames derived from the names of flowers, garden vegetables, and other plants. In these cases, the bynames do not use a particle. While Fucilla lists no surnames meaning 'ivy', Siren found listings on the Web for people in modern Italy with the surname dell'Edera, which means 'of the ivy'. Given all of this information, a byname deriving from Edera is plausible enough as a period name that it may be registered. We have registered this name using dell'Edera, because it is a demonstrated surname using Edera and it is closer than Edera to the appearance and meaning of the originally submitted di Edera. [Isabella dell'Edera, 03/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | This submission is being returned for problems with the construction of the byname il Castello del Drago. The submitted byname literally means 'the Castle del Drago' where del Drago is a family name that happens to mean 'of the dragon'. So, the name Gina il Castello del Drago means Gina is the castle, not that Gina is from the castle. While the castle itself was built in the 10th C, the castle had other names in period. In the 16th C, it was known as the Castello di Riofreddo and only passed to the del Drago family in the 17th C. Therefore, this location was not known as Castello del Drago in period. However, this information does demonstrate that a castle could be named for the family who owned it.
Talan Gwynek's article "15th Century Italian Men's Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/italian15m.html) lists Girolamo da Castello. This supports da Castello as a period byname in Italian. However, no documentation was found that a person from a castle named for a family would include the entire name of the castle in their byname in the form Gina da Castello del Drago rather than Gina da Castello or Gina del Drago. Lacking such evidence, the byname da Castello del Drago is not registerable. As dropping either da Castello or del Drago is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, we must return this name. As the submitter requested authenticity for Italian, she may wish to know that the College was unable to find evidence that the name Gina was used in Italian in period. Gino is documented as a masculine given name in David Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield, Anthony Molho, and Roberto Barducci, ed., "FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE RESOURCES: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/). This information, along with the pattern of feminizing masculine names in Italian in period, is enough to give the name Gina benefit of the doubt and make it registerable. However, Giana was the closest feminine Italian name to Gina that the College was able to document to period. Metron Ariston provided citations for Giana, as well as the diminutives Gianetta and Gianotta: [Gina il Castello del Drago, 03/2003, R-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Rosalia dei Querini, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C Venitian and allowed minor changes. No documentation was presented and none was found that the byname Querini would have taken the particle dei in period. We have dropped dei in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Rosalia Querini, 03/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Giovanni Della Rosa, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian. We have put della in lowercase to follow standard period practice. [Giovanni della Rosa, 03/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Flora di Manfredi, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed any changes. The byname di Manfredi is not grammatically correct. Grammatically correct forms of this name are Flora di Manfredo and Flora Manfredi. As Flora di Manfredo is the closer of these to the submitted form, we have changed this name to Flora di Manfredo in order to register this name. [Flora di Manfredo, 03/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Listed on the LoI as Vincenzo Pasquale d'Anzio, this name was submitted as Vincénzo Pasquale D'Anzio. Vincénzo was documented from De Felice. Kingdom removed the accent from this name because the accents are used in De Felice as a pronunciation guide, not as part of the actual names. The capitalization in the byname was changed to follow standard period forms.
The form Anzio was documented only from L. E. Seltzer, ed., The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World (p. 81). Though this entry supports the location Anzio as having existed in period, it gives no indication that Anzio is the period Italian form of this placename. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed this byname to use the form Anza, which is found in Maridonna Benvenuti's article "Mercator's Place Names of Italy in 1554: Central Italy" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/center.html), in order to register this name. [Vincenzo Pasquale d'Anza, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Norvella Francesca Caterina Zancani, the submitted documentation for Norvella was the statement that "client dates name to 1428 on p110 of the 1984 KWHS Proceeding (Caid)". The LoI also stated that:
Kraken found that the citation from the KWHS Proceedings was in error. He states that "Rhian's article was in the 1989 KWHS proceedings. The print version has no R in Novella either." We have changed the submitted Norvella to match the documented form Novella in order to register this name. While registerable, the use of three given names in Italian is not typical in period. To date, only one example has been found. The registration of Arianna Rosa Christina Veneziano (registered in February 1996) was supported by documentation that Catherine de' Medici was christened Caterina Maria Romola. This single example of three given names in Italian makes three give names registerable, though a weirdness. This name was submitted as three given names and a byname. As this name only has a total of four elements, it is not affected by the bar against five element names in Italian (ruled unregisterable in September 1992 with the return of Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento). [Novella Francesca Caterina Zancani, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Angelo Benintendi D'Amico, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 14th C Italian and allowed any changes. As the College was unable to find evidence of double given names used in Italian in this time period, we have dropped the second given name in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. We have also lowercased the initial letter in the byname d'Amico in order to follow period examples of names of this type. [Angelo d'Amico, 02/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | The submitter requested authenticity for 15th to 16th C Northern Italy and allowed no changes. The only documentation provided for the byname delle Alpi, intended to mean 'of the Alps', was from a modern Italian dictionary. This gives no indication whether such a byname would have been used in Italian in period. Several commenters found that Fucilla (p. 100) stated:
Lacking evidence that any form of delle Alpi is a plausible Italian byname in period, it is not registerable. [Alessandro delle Alpi, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Cristina Maria Angelini, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 14th C Italian. No evidence was found that two given names were used in Italian this early. As the submitter allows any changes, we have dropped the given name Maria in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Cristina Angelini, 02/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | [Household name Academia Sancti Thomae Aquini] Listed on the LoI as Schuola di Saint Thomas d'Aquino, this name was submitted as Schola of Saint Thomas Aquinas and was converted to Italian at Kingdom to follow the submitter's request for authenticity for 15th C Italian since the submitter allowed any changes. Kraken provided information about the construction of this name:
D. S. Chambers, "Studium Urbis and Gabella Studii: The University of Rome in the Fifteenth Century", which appears in Cecil H. Clough, ed., Cultural Aspects of the Italian Renaissance; Essays in Honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller, mentions a reference to the Academia Bononiensis (the University of Bologna) in 1465. This Latin example supports Kraken's statement that a 15th C Italian school would have been referred to using a Latin name. There was some question whether an institution of learning would have used the term schuola in its formal name in the submitter's desired time and culture. Therefore, we have changed Schuola to Academia and registered this name in a fully Latin form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Jason of An Tir, 02/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Marianna di Florenza, the particle used in locative bynames in Italian is da, not di. We have made this change. Florenza was documented from Maridonna Benvenuti's article "Mercator's Place Names of Italy in 1554: Central Italy" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/center.html). The question was raised during commentary whether Florenza was a typo for Fiorenza. Maridonna rechecked this placename on the map she used for her source and found that the placename does indeed say Fiorenza rather than Florenza. We have changed the name to match this documented form. [Marianna da Fiorenza, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | This name combines the Hungarian feminine given name Ersebet with an otherwise Italian name. There was considerable discussion regarding the registerability of such a mix. A name including Hungarian and Italian elements has previously been ruled to be registerable:
The Cover Letter of the August 1999 LoAR includes a discussion entitled "Mixed language names". This discussion describes different levels of contact between cultures. Of these, the level that best fits contact between Italian and Hungarian according to current evidence is:
Lingual mixes that fall into the second category, such as Hungarian and Italian, are registerable, though they carry a weirdness. As this is the only weirdness in this name, it is registerable. [Ersebet Francisca Cardinali, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Listed on the LoI as Fiametta Della Rovere, the submission form listed the name completely in capital letters. We have changed the byname to della Rovere to match standard period practice and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity for Italian. [Fiametta della Rovere, 11/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | The submitter requested authenticity for 15th to 16th C Italian and allowed minor changes. While registerable, the use of three given names in Italian is not typical in period. To date, only one example has been found. The registration of Arianna Rosa Christina Veneziano (registered February 1996) was supported by documentation that Catherine de' Medici was christened Caterina Maria Romola. This single example of three given names in Italian makes three given names registerable, though a weirdness.
This name was submitted as three given names and a patronymic byname. As this name only has a total of four elements, it is not affected by the bar against five element names in Italian (ruled unregisterable in September 1992 with the return of Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento). [Isabella Francesca Niccola di Giovanni, 11/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.11 | Collina Ventoso was submitted as a hypothetical placename meaning 'Windy Hill'. The elements were documented from a modern Italian-English/English-Italian dictionary that supports collina and ventoso as words in modern Italian. It does not support these words as elements in period placenames. Kraken provided commentary on the construction of this placename:
Maridonna Benvenuti found evidence of a place named Poggio al Vento, 'Hill of Wind' in period. It is included in the byname of Iacopo di messer Gregorio da Poggio al Vento (http://www.geocities.com/emilioweb/p_crfm07.htm) who died in 1301. Given this information, this name would be registerable as Tomasia da Collevento or Tomasia da Poggia al Vento. However, we were unable to change the submitted name to one of these forms in order to register this name: changing the name to either of these forms is dramatic enough that it is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Tomasia da Collina Ventoso, 11/2002, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Fia Scalandron, Scalandron was documented from Ferrante LaVolpe's article "Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/). However, this source only lists the first ten characters in any name. The full byname in this case is Scalandroni. We have made this correction. [Fia Scalandroni, 10/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Dona is an Italian feminine given name dated to period and falls into the same category as Regina. It is registerable in an SCA name so long as there is no indication of presumption:
As the name as a whole means 'Lady of Grove', this submission violates section VI.1 of the Rules for Submissions. For the same reason we cannot form a holding name by the standard method of combining her given name with her SCA branch, either. Thus the device must be returned as well. [Dona de Grove, 06/00, R-Meridies] As the submitted name does not indicate landedness (or other presumption issues), this name is registerable. [Isabella Dona Boticelli, 10/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Carmen was documented from De Felice Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (p. 100 s.n. Carméla). Carmen, like Mercedes, originated as a devotional name referring to the Virgin Mary. Mercedes was ruled unregisterable in the precedents:
The submitter documented the given name from De Felice, I Nomi Degli Italiani; however, De Felice notes that Mercedes entered Italy from Spain. Because Mercedes is not found in Spain until well after 1600, the name could not have been found in period Italy. [Mercedes Amici, 01/00, R-Æthelmearc] Lacking evidence that Carmen was used in period, this name is not registerable. [Carmen Salazar, 10/2002, R-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | The documentation presented in the LoI for the byname da Quaglietta was:
"The byname was registered to her husband, Niccolo da Quaglietta, in September 1999; it is his legal surname, and it is also a town in central Italy. It is also found in De Felice Cognomi, under Quaglia, p. 204. (Quaglia is the Italian word for "quail.") There are several problems with the submitted documentation. First, no supporting documentation was provided for the submitter's relationship to Niccolo da Quaglietta. Lacking such supporting documentation, the Grandfather Clause is not available for this submission. Examining the submitted byname da Quaglietta without the Grandfather Clause, more issues arise. No documentation was provided to support Quaglietta as a "town in central Italy". De Felice references this byname as a descriptive byname (or nickname), not as a locative byname. Lacking documentation that Quaglietta was an Italian town name in period, the byname da Quaglietta is not registerable. As she allows no changes, we were unable to drop da in order to register this name. [Catalina da Quaglietta, 10/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Serena Caterina di Tommaso, the submitter requested authenticity for 1450 Florence and allowed any changes. Double given names were a late development in Italy. As the College was unable to find evidence that they came into use as early as 1450, we have dropped the second given name in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. [Serena di Tommaso, 10/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Arabella Rosa D'Antonio, we have changed the byname to d'Antonio to follow period examples. [Arabella Rosa d'Antonio, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Cavelli was submitted as a variant of the Italian name Cavalli found in Ferrante LaVolpe, "4300 Citizens of Pisa Swear to Maintain the Alliance with Siena, Pistoia and Poggibonsi" (http://library.byu.edu/~rdh/eurodocs/italia/pisani.html). The LoI stated that the submitter would "accept spelling of Cavalli, if needed for registration". Metron Ariston found Cavelli as the name of a French family in the 15th & 16th C. Since the submitter prefers the spelling Cavelli, has noted no preference for language (just that sound was most important), and allows any changes, we are registering the submitted spelling Cavelli as a French name. A fully Italian form of this name would be Angelo Paolo Cavalli. [Angelo Paolo Cavelli, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Listed on the LoI as Gerita del Mere, this name was submitted as Gerita della Mera and changed at Kingdom because no documentation could be found for della Mera. The submitter requested an authentic 15th C Venetian name.
The documentation included with the submission indicates that the submitter intended the phrase della Mera to mean 'of the sea'. Unfortunately, this is incorrect. The word for 'sea' in Italian is mare rather than mere. Additionally, the word mare in Italian is masculine, and so it would be used with the masculine particle del rather than the feminine della. We have made these corrections. Sommelier found period examples of this byname:
We have changed the byname to the form del Mare to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Gerita del Mare, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Mora Ottavia Spadera, the submitter requested a feminine name authentic for 16th C Venice and allowed any changes. Mora is listed as an undated feminine given name in De Felice Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (p. 270 s.n. Moro). Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek's article "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/) lists Mora as a masculine given name. As Mora is documented to period as a masculine given name, we are unsure if it was used as a feminine given name in period. Availablility of information on period Italian names and naming practices is continually growing. In consideration of the relatively limited information that has historically been generally available on Italian names, we have traditionally assumed items listed in De Felice are period, unless there is information, either in De Felice's entry or through other sources, to believe the name is post-period. Therefore, Mora is registerable at this time as a feminine given name, though no dated examples have yet been found of it used as a feminine given name in period.
The submitter's documentation listed names of women in Venice in the 16th C, but Mora was not included among those names. Additionally, the examples in this source show that the normal practice in this time and place was for a woman to have one given name and one surname or byname. Therefore, in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have dropped Mora from the submitted name. [Ottavia Spadera, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | The LoI noted that if the submitter's "name must be changed she cares most about the language/culture (14-15th century Italy, for English mercenaries there)." As she did not request authenticity, we have made no changes to this name. However, given the specific culture she is interested in, she may wish to know about some information that the College found. Sir John Hawkwood's name was normally rendered in Italian as Giovanni Acuto. Given this example, it is most likely that the submitted name would vary depending upon whether the woman in question was being referred to by English speakers living in Italy, or if she was being referred to by Italian speakers. Among the English speakers, she would likely be known simply as Catharine Hawkwod. Among Italian speakers, she would most likely be known by an Italian form of her name, such as Caterina Acuto or Caterina Acuto da Barbiano. [Catharine Hawkwod da Barbiano, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | The submitter requested authenticity for "French-Maltese". This name combines the Italian given name Lucia with the French byname de la Valette. In period, this name would have been written completely in Italian or completely in French depending on the language of the document in which the name was recorded. Based on the example of Luce la Berote found in Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/paris.html), Luce de la Valette would be a fully French form of this name. As the College found no Italian form of the byname, we are not able to determine a fully Italian form of this name. Since the submitter allowed only minor changes, we are unable to change this name to a fully French form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Lucia de la Valette, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Margarete della Mare, the byname della Mare was submitted as an Italian byname. However, this phrase is not grammatically correct. The word mare in Italian is masculine, and so would be used with the masculine particle del rather than the feminine della. We have made this correction. [Margarete del Mare, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Giuliana Benedetto Falconieri, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed any changes. As submitted, this name has a feminine given name followed by a masculine given name followed by a family name. The logical interpretation of this structure would be that Giuliana is the daughter of Benedetto Falconieri. An authentic form of this name for late-period Italian would be Giuliana di Benedetto Falconieri. We have made this change to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Giuliana di Benedetto Falconieri, 08/2002, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | The byname Maldèstro was documented only from a modern Italian dictionary as a word meaning 'clumsy'. This gives us no indication that this word existed as an Italian word in period. Lacking evidence that it is a word that would plausibly have been used as a descriptive byname in Italian in period, it is not registerable. Additionally, the accent shown in the word maldèstro is a pronunciation guide in that dictionary and is not actually part of the word, which is maldestro.
Were evidence found that Maldestro is a reasonable byname in period, the form Maldestro may or may not be appropriate for use with a feminine given name, and so may have to be modified for use in this name. Further, this name may conflict with Elizabetta Malatesta (registered August 1998). The pronunciation differences between Maldest- and Malatest- are not significant enough to clear auditory conflict. However, the change from -estro and -esta is significant enough to clear this conflict. If support is found for Maldestro as a period byname and changes in spelling are required due to Italian grammar, this potential conflict will need to be reevaluated. [Elisabetta Maldèstro, 08/2002, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Daniela Da Vicenza, we have changed the particle to lowercase to follow documented examples. [Daniela da Vicenza, 08/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Lucca Sacchetti, both the documentation and the submission form listed the given name form Luca. We have made this correction. [Luca Sacchetti, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Carlo Galucci, the name submission form lists the submitted byname as Gallucci. Also, this surname was submitted under the Legal Name Allowance and the attached photocopy of the submitter's driver's license shows his surname to be spelled Gallucci. Therefore, we have corrected this name to Gallucci. [Carlo Gallucci, 08/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Augusto Giuseppe di San Donato, this name was submitted as Augusto Giuseppe di San Danato and changed at kingdom because no evidence could be found that San Danato was a period form. The College only found San Danato as a modern variant of San Donato. Lacking evidence that San Danato is a period form, it is not registerable. Additionally, the particle used in locative bynames in Italian is da, not di. We have made this change. [Augusto Giuseppe da San Donato, 08/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Ilaria Jacqueline Montrevel, the submitter requested an authentic French/Italian border name and allowed any changes. She noted that if the double given name was not registerable, then she preferred to drop Jacqueline and keep Ilaria.
In period, a name mixing Italian and French elements would have been written all in Italian or all in French depending upon whether the document that included the name was written in Italian or French. Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/paris.html) lists Dame Ylaire la lingière and Dame Jaqueline la Bordonne. Argent Snail found other period forms of portions of this name:
From this information, an authentic French form of this name would be Ylaire Jaqueline de Montrivel or Ylaire Jacqueline de Montrivel. As we were unable to find forms of Jacqueline or Montrevel in Italian, we were unable to determine an authentic Italian form of this name. We have changed this name to the second of the French forms listed above to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. As submitted, this name contains an Italian given name, a French given name, and a French locative byname. Since mixing French and Italian in a single name is only one weirdness, Ilaria Jacqueline de Montrivel would be a registerable, though not authentic, form of this name that would be close to the originally submitted form. [Ylaire Jacqueline de Montrivel, 08/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | This name was submitted as Michèli lo Aquila da Napolia, and changed at kingdom to follow documented spellings of Micheli and Napoli. The LoI stated that:
Micheli was documented from De Felice, Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani, p. 169. This source discusses surnames, not given names. Micheli is a genitive form and would have been used as a surname. The corresponding nominative form Michele is the form that would be used as a given name. Lacking documentation that a genitive form would be used as a given name, the form Micheli is not registerable in a given name position. The only documentation presented for use of Aquila in a name appears in De Felice Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani (p. 59 s.n. Aquila), which gives this name as originating as a locative byname or a patronymic byname. Neither one would use lo and neither means 'the Eagle'. This name would be registerable as Michele Aquilani da Napoli, which would have Aquilani as an inherited surname deriving from the location Aquila. However, changing the element lo Aquila to Aquilani changes both the origin of this name element and its meaning, and so is dramatic enough of a change that it is a major change, which the submitter does not permit. [Micheli lo Aquila da Napoli, 08/2002, R-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Alicia Boccaccio de Venetzia, Boccaccio was documented as a patronymic byname found in "Italian Names from Florence, 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/). The Catasto patronymic byname list omits particles. Therefore, when Boccaccio, a nominative form, appears in this surname list, it most likely represents di Boccaccio. Boccacci is the genitive form of this name, which would be the normal form of the surname if no particle were used. A number of the surnames listed in Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek, "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/) are nominative forms of masculine given names that are not preceded by the particle di. Therefore, Boccaccio is registerable as an unmarked patronymic byname, following the pattern demonstrated in this article.
No documentation was found that Venetzia is a period name for Venice. A period Italian locative byname referring to Venice would be da Venezia. We have made this changes in order to register this name. [Alicia Boccaccio da Venezia, 08/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Listed on the LoI as Alessandra Giovanna de'Medici, this name was submitted as Alessandra Giovanna de' Medici. The form de' is an abbreviation for dei. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have spelled it out. We have also added the space in the byname that was included on the submission form, but omitted in the LoI. [Alessandra Giovanna dei Medici, 07/2002, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | As submitted, this name was documented as mixing French (Jeanne), Italian (Francesca), and English (Fitzgerald). There was some question regarding whether such a mix was registerable. Since Julian Goodwyn's article Brass Enscription Index (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/brasses/) dates the name Jeanne to 1530 in Kent, this name may be regarded as a mix of English and Italian and so is registerable. [Jeanne Francesca Fitzgerald, 07/2002, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | This name combines the Irish Gaelic Tiarn�n with the Italian del Sarto. Mixing Anglicized Irish and Italian in a single name was ruled unregisterable in April 2000. As mixing Irish Gaelic and Italian in a single name is less likely than mixing Anglicized Irish and Italian, this combination is similarly unregisterable. [Tiarn�n del Sarto, 07/2002, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Submitted as Viridis Aletha Solari, the submitter allowed minor changes and noted that she is "willing to drop the middle name 'Aletha' if [it is] not consistent with period naming practices, or if documentation is insufficient." Aletha was documented from Yonge, which is not a reliable source. Double given names are found in Italian in late period. If Aletha were changed to a documented form, this name would be registerable. For example, Withycombe (s.n. Alethea) dates Alatheia to 1606. Therefore, Viridis Alatheia Solari would be registerable as a mixed language name combining Italian and English. While such a mix is registerable, it is not strictly "consistent with period naming practices". Therefore, we have dropped Aletha according to the submitter's instructions since the College was unable to find documentation of any form of this name in Italian. [Viridis Solari, 05/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | This submission is an appeal of a return of the same name in April 2001:
The current submission provides documentation of Sueva from a manuscript quoted in A. William Smith, trans., Fifteenth-Century Dance and Music: Twelve Transcribed Italian Treatises and Collections in the Tradition of Domenico da Piacenza. The woman mentioned in this manuscript as Sueva is Sveva, the first wife of Alessandro Sforza. (The v to u switch sometimes occurs in documentary forms.) Therefore, Sueva is documented to period as an Italian feminine given name and is registerable. [Sueva the Short, 05/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | Submitted as Isabetta del Pomati, no documentation was found that del would have been used in this byname. Therefore, we have dropped it.
While no documentation was found dating Pomati to period, other bynames derived from the names of fruit were documented to period. Given those examples, this is a plausible period byname. [Isabetta Pomati, 04/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | As with Giovanni's name, this name is registerable as submitted, though it has a weirdness for use of three given names in Italian. An authentic name for 13th C Italy would typically have a single given name and a single byname. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to drop the extra given names to make this name authentic for her desired time period and culture. [Sovrana Rosa Medonia Baldini, 04/2002, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | Submitted as Cassandra di Cappelletti, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian and allowed any changes. The Italian name Cappelletti derives from multiple sources. However, since none of them are patronymic in origin, di would not have been used. We have dropped that element in order to register the name. [Cassandra Cappelletti, 04/2002, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Italian and allowed any changes. Biancospina was documented from a modern Italian-English dictionary as a word meaning 'hawthorn'. No documentation was presented and none was found that Biancospina is a period word. Fucilla (pp. 86-91) lists many surnames derived from fruit and forest trees, but hawthorn is not included in this list. Fucilla (p. 92) gives Cerasoli as being derived from the English hawthorn and notes (under footnote 203) that the name more commonly derives from 'heliotrope, sunflower'. However, Fucilla may have misidentified the meaning of this name, since multiple sources (both dictionaries and name resources) give cerasoli as deriving from ciliegio, which means 'cherry'.
Lacking evidence that Biancospina is a period word, it is not registerable as a hypothesized byname. Since Biancospina is listed neither in De Felice (Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani) nor in Fucilla, we can't give it the benefit of the doubt that we give to undated names from those sources on a case by case basis. [Ambra Biancospina, 04/2002, R-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Pietro della Sega, the submitter requested authenticity for 1450 to 1600 Florence, Italy, and allowed any changes. Lacking evidence that della was used with the byname Sega, we have dropped it. As we were unable to find evidence that any form of the byname Sega, meaning 'saw', was used in Florence in his desired time period, we do not know whether this name is authentic for his desired time period and culture. [Pietro Sega, 03/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Ignacio James, Ignacio was documented from Withycombe (p. 162 s.n. Inigo) as "a Spanish given name found since the 8th Century A.D.". The LoI also states that it is the submitter's legal given name but gives no documentation (such as a photocopy of a driver's license or other proof) to support a claim for the Legal Name allowance. Therefore, the name must be considered only on the merits of the documentation. As Ignacio was documented as an 8th C Spanish given name and James was documented as an English surname dating to the 12th to 13th C, this submission had two weirdnesses: one for a lingual mix and one for temporal disparity, since the elements were documented to more than 300 years apart. Since the submitter allows any changes, we have substituted the Italian Ignazio, which De Felice Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (pp. 208-9 s.n. Ignazio) cite in reference to Saint Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish saint who lived in the 16th C. Since Bardsley (p. 425 s.n. James) dates Alice James to 1566-7, Ignazio James has one weirdness for mixing Italian and English in a single name, but has no weirdness for temporal disparity. [Ignazio James, 03/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | Submitted as Dea Cristofana La Casta, the submitter requested authenticity for Italian. In descriptive bynames, la is typically in lowercase in period. We have made this change. The masculine form of this descriptive byname was documented from an undated reference in Fucilla. Lacking dated documentation, we do not know for certain that it was used in period. However, a byname la Casta, meaning 'the chaste', is consistent with other Italian descriptive bynames in period. So this byname is plausible for period and registerable. [Dea Cristofana la Casta, 03/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.03 | This name was submitted as three given names and a locative byname. The registration of Arianna Rosa Christina Veneziano (registered February 1996) was supported by documentation that Catherine de' Medici was christened Caterina Maria Romola. This single example of three given names in Italian makes three given names registerable, though a weirdness. As this name only has a total of four elements, it is not affected by the bar against five element names in Italian (ruled unregisterable in September 1992 with the return of Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento). [Giovanni Giuseppe Gherardo Monteverde, 03/2002, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | Mixing Italian and Scots in a name was ruled a weirdness in August 1999:
While there is little evidence for mixed Scots/Italian names, there is enough contact between the cultures for this to be allowable. It is, however, a "weirdness." (Laertes McBride, A-Caid, LoAR 08/99)[Cassia MacWilliam, 02/02, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | This name mixes the Italian Tessa and the English byname the Huntress. Such a mixture is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Tessa the Huntress, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | Mea was documented as Italian and the Bold was documented as English. Mixing Italian and English in a name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of September 1999 (Veronica de Holloway). [Mea the Bold, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.02 | Listed on the LoI as Massimiliano Pontieri de Sasso, this name was submitted as Massimiliano Pontieri di Sasso. No note was made in the submission packet or on the LoI regarding why the name was changed at kingdom and the change seems to have been a typo. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture (presumably Italian) and allowed minor changes. Pontieri is listed in Fucilla as originally referring to someone from Poitiers. However, De Felice does not list this form in his book Dizionario dei cognomi Italiani. The College was unable to find evidence of this byname used in Italian in period. However, given the examples that De Felice lists of bynames referring to Paris, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this element in the submitted form. Sasso is an element in both patronymic bynames and locative bynames. The submitted form di Sasso is a patronymic form. However, we have no evidence that [given name] [locative byname] [patronymic byname] or even [given name] [inherited surname] [patronymic byname] is a plausible combination in Italian. Therefore, we have modified di Sasso to the locative form dal Sasso in order to register this name. [Massimiliano Pontieri dal Sasso, 02/02, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.01 | De Felice, dizionario dei cognomi italiani, (s.n. Sicilia) lists the form Siciliano. Thus, the Ramiro the Sicilian is a Lingua Anglica translation of Ramiro Siciliano or Ramiro il Siciliano. [Ramiro the Sicilian, 01/02, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Lavandoli was documented as a surname meaning 'lavender' from Fucilla (p 85 s.n. Medicinal Plants). The problem with Fucilla is that there are few, if any, dates in this source. So, in most instances, it is not possible to tell simply from reading the entry in Fucilla if the name is period or not. In most cases, the same name may be found in other sources. In other cases, a pattern of similar names may be documented. The College was unable to find evidence of Lavandoli in any source other than Fucilla. So the question becomes whether or not surnames based on medicinal plants may be documented. A number of the names listed under the Medicinal Plants section in Fucilla have alternate derivations. For example, Nardo can also be a diminutive of Bernardo. Some of the names in this section of Fucilla that are not marked as having alternate derivations are Bistorti, Logli, Mentastro, Lavandoli, and Cadoni. None of these are listed in De Felice, Dizionario dei cognomi italiani. If there was a pattern in period of surnames derived from medicinal plants, surely at least one of these names would have been listed in De Felice. Therefore, barring evidence of use of the surname Lavandoli in period, or even a pattern of surnames derived from medicinal plants in period Italian, this name is not registerable. [Anastasia Lavandoli, 12/01, R-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.12 | Submitted as Dionello Cristoforo de' Medici, de' is an abbreviation for dei. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have spelled it out. [Dionello Cristoforo dei Medici, 12/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Chrysanthia d'Argento, the given name was justified as a feminine form of Chrysanthos found in DeFelice's Dizionario dei Nomi Italiani (p. 116). This source (s.n. Crisante) notes that Chrysanthus is Latinized form of the Greek Chrysanthos. The feminine form of this name would be Chrysantha, not Chrysanthia. [Chrysantha d'Argento, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Mixing the Italian Francesca with the German Gerdrudis and German Kesselheim is a weirdness. [Francesca Gerdrudis Kesselheim, 11/01, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | The lingual mix of Italian (Arianna) and English (Wlfraven) is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Arianna Wlfraven, 11/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Giorgio Bilotti de Argentina, the submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Italian and allowed any changes. As Kraken stated, While each element is documented, the specific ordering is not, and for good reason: In the cases where both patronymics and surnames are found in the same name, the patronymic comes first. We have reversed the order of the bynames to correct this problem. [Giorgio de Argentina Bilotti, 11/01, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Juliana de'Rossi, de' is an abbreviation for dei. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have spelled it out. Additionally, dei is a separate word from Rossi. We have made this correction. [Juliana dei Rossi, 11/01, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | ... the particle used with placenames in Italian is da, not di. [Massaria da Cortona, 11/01, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.11 | Submitted as Aaron di Paladini, the submitter allowed any changes and wanted something as close to his mother's byname as the College will allow. Her more-than-decade-old unregistered name is Joanna de Paladin. Paladin is found as a given name in "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" by Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek (http://s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/). Standard patronymic bynames formed from the given name Palidin would take the forms Paladini or di Paladin. Some records use de in patronymic bynames in Italian. For example, "Appendix III: The 1364 Statues of the Confraternity of Santa Croce" in James R. Banker, Death in the Community, lists Andrea de Donato (p. 227) and Romano de Martino (p. 231) among others. Given this information, Aaron de Paladin is registerable. [Aaron de Paladin, 11/01, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Submitted as Roberto di Lupo del Nord, the byname del Nord was intended to be a locative byname meaning 'of the north'. The LoI referenced the period byname d'Este. The submitter presumably believes that d'Este means 'from the east'. Instead it means 'from [the town of] Este', referring to a period town. As such, no documentation has been provided, and none has been found, that a locative byname referring to a cardinal direction is reasonable in Italian. Barring such documentation, such a byname is not registerable. We have dropped del Nord in order to register this name. [Roberto di Lupo, 10/01, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | The submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 13th C Italian. As the College was unable to date Magrino, we do not know if this name is authentic for the submitter's desired time period. Magrino is listed as a diminutive of Magro 'skinny' in De Felice, dizionario dei cognomi italiani (s.n. Magro). It is (1) listed in De Felice, (2) we have no indication that it is post-period, and (3) it follows descriptive byname patterns documented to period. Thus, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt by assuming it was used in period and is therefore registerable. [Giovanni Magrino, 10/01, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.10 | Submitted as Campo di Fiamme, Stronghold of, the group requested an authentic Italian or Latin name. All period Italian placenames beginning with Campo that the College was able to find are shown as a single word and do not include the particle di. As such, we have removed the particle and combined the two elements into a single word. [Campofiamme, Stronghold of, 10/01, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.09 | Submitted as Kassandra Cattani, the submitter requested an authentic name for an unspecified language/culture. Documentation was found for Cassandra as an Italian Renaissance feminine given name, but no evidence was found that a "K" spelling would be authentic in an otherwise Italian name. As such, we have changed the initial letter in the given name to a "C". [Cassandra Cattani, 09/01, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | There was some question as to whether the byname Grimaldi was used exclusively by the royal family of Monaco. Maridonna Benvenuti found examples of the byname Grimaldi used by people who do not seem to be of the royal family in Gerhard Rohlfs' Dizionario dei Cognomi e Soprannomi. Given these examples, the byname Grimaldi is registerable. [Jacquetta Grimaldi, 08/01, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | Mixing Spanish and Italian in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Helena Seren de Luna, 08/01, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | [di Ferrara] ... da is used with a placename in Italian, not di. [Camilla Fante da Ferrara, 08/01, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2001.08 | The given name Damasca was documented as a feminine form of Damasco from De Felice, Dizionario dei nomi Italiani (p. 121, s.n. Damasco). However, De Felice says that the masculine given name Damasco was derived from Damascus, the name of the Syrian capital, and probably came into use in the late 19th century. Therefore, barring further documentation neither Damasco nor Damasca is registerable. [Damasca Gisele de Bier, 08/01, R-Ansteorra] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.07 | Submitted on the LoI as Alessandra di Vieri, the particle was added in Kingdom. Since an unmarked surname would be fine in late period and since she requested a late name, we have changed the name back to the originally submitted form. [Alessandra Vieri, 07/01, A-Atlantia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.07 | Accents appear in de Felice's Dizionario dei cognomi italiani, but they are simply to help with pronunciation. They are not used in Italian spelling. [Beatrice da Palermo, 07/01, A-Calontir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.07 | The name was documented as having a Polish given name with an Italian byname, but no evidence was provided that Poland and Italy were in sufficient cultural contact that the combination is registerable. However, the given name seems not to be limited to Poland: for instance, it was borne by the daughter of Henry the Fat, Duke of Saxony, who later married Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor. The contact between Germany and Italy was sufficient to allow registration. [Richenza d'Assisi, 07/01, A-Lochac] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2001.05 | As the submitter states, Chavalerio is an occupational byname meaning Knight. It is, therefore, presumptuous according to section VI.1 of the Rules for Submissions. [Rizardo Chavalerio, 05/01, R-Artemisia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.11 | Submitted as Theresa Boncheval, she had originally submitted Tessa Boncheval. This earlier submission was returned in Kingdom for mixing Italian and French. However, as these two cultures had significant contact with each other in period, the combination is registerable. [Tessa Cheval, 11/00, A-East] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.09 | Submitted on the LoI as Catharina de Bruyn, the given name was originally submitted as Caterina and changed because the Kingdom College of Heralds did not have evidence for sufficient contact between Venice and Flanders to allow the registration of mixed names. However, the Cultural Atlas of the Renaissance (p. 108) shows trade routes c. 1500 clearly linking Flanders and Venice, as well as numerous other points. That shows ample contact between Flanders and Venice, two of the major trading powers of the era. [Caterina de Bruyn, 09/00, A-Middle] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.08 | Submitted as Giulia Maddalena Sardone di Nicolo. As Kraken put it,
In Italian, by the time that we find (a) double given names and (b) faimly surnames, I would expect the direct patronymic to have disappeared. On the other hand, given patronymic surname is unexceptional. Adding the double given name is a weirdness, ... We have therefore changed the order of the patronymic and the surname. [Giulia Maddalena di Nicolo Sardone, 08/00, A-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.05 | Submitted as Sofia Augusta di Livorno , we have changed the preposition. Until someone provides evidence to the contrary, we are working under the assumption that Italian locative bynames use the preposition da. [Sofia Augusta da Livorno, 05/00, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.04 | [Arianna Kavanaugh] We already have a precedent against mixed Spanish/Irish names (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR of July 1997, p. 7, with the submission of Sanchia O'Connor); mixed Italian/Irish names are not any more plausible. [Adriana Kavanaugh, 04/00, A-Atenveldt] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.03 | Submitted as Beatrice Domènici della Campana, the accent was not used in period; modern authors such as de Felice use them as pronunciation guides. [Beatrice Domenici della Campana, 03/00, A-An Tir] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 2000.01 | [Mercedes] The submitter documented the given name from De Felice, I Nomi Degli Italiani; however, De Felice notes that Mercedes entered Italy from Spain. Because Mercedes is not found in Spain until well after 1600, the name could not have been found in period Italy. Mercedes Amici, 01/00, R-Æthelmearc] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.09 | An Italian-English name combination is a weirdness (barring evidence of such combinations in period) but acceptable. [Veronica de Holloway, 09/99, A-Artemisia] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.08 | While there is little evidence for mixed Scots/Italian names, there is enough contact between the cultures for this to be allowable. It is, however, a "weirdness." For a fuller discussion, see the cover letter [see Compatible (Language)]. [Laertes McBride, 08/99, A-Caid] |
| Elsbeth Anne Roth | 1999.07 | The preposition was changed from di to da, which is the appropriate preposition for locatives. [Ermellina da Urbino, 07/99, A-East] |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.06 | [Catalana della Quercia] The LoI stated "della Quercia is dated to 1374 from Encarta Online (http://encarta.msn.com)." This is not adequate documentation for an LoI. Evidence that it was used as a name is required. As the Administrative Handbook states "A summary of all supporting evidence provided for the submission must be included on the letter of intent." This is so the entire College, not just Laurel, can evaluate it. While we are accepting it this time, it is with a warning that in the future the Laurel office may not be so forgiving. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR June 1999, p. 5) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.04 | [Gianna Bianca] Submitted as Gianna Bianco the byname was in the masculine form. We have corrected it and put it into the feminine form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1999, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1999.02 | Submitted as Marcello li Dònnici, the accents in de Felice's Cognomi are there as pronunciation guides, and are not part of the spelling. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1999, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.12 | [Bianca da Ravenna] Submitted as Bianca di Ravenna, Ravenna is a place. When using a placename in Italian, da is used, as in Leonardo da Vinci. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR December 1998, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.09 | [Marcello Antonio Cattarossi da San Marco] Submitted as Marcello Antonio Cattarossi di San Marco, the correct form for the locative is da, not di. We have made the appropriate change. [9/98] (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.09 | [Thalia Baroncelli] Note: documentation was presented for the use of Thalia by humans in our period. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Arrianna da Donnici] Submitted as Arrianna li Donnici, Donnici is a place. Therefore, in Italian it takes da not li. We have made the appropriate correction. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Francesco Gaetano Greco da Foresta Orientale] Submitted as Francesco Gaetano Grèco da Foresta Orientale, we have removed the inappropriate accent in Greco. |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Ileana Welgy] While Ileana is not a Hungarian name, it can be found in De Felice's book on Italian given name. Venice controlled extensive territory on the east coast of the Adriatic in late period, sharing a border with Hungary. Since Kázmér includes a number of names apparently derived from Italian, an Italian/Hungarian name is acceptable under our rules. However, it must follow the standard practice of having the given name first. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.08 | [Raffaella da Monza] Submitted as Raffaella de Monza, in Italian da is used to say of a place. We have made the appropriate correction. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR August 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.06 | [Beatrice Verrocchio] Found on the LoI as Beatrice del Verrocchio, it was originally submitted as Beatrice Verrocchio, and the del was added in kingdom. Since the del is not necessary, we are restoring the name to the originally submitted form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR, June 1998) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.05 | [Valeria Àngeli] Submitted as Valeria Àngeli Sforza, on the July 1997 LoAR the name Sforza was ruled to be presumptuous. While an argument was made on the LoI to overturn the precedent, no examples were presented of period use of the name outside of the royal line. Absent such evidence, the precedent cannot be overturned. We have dropped Sforza in order to register the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR May 1998, p. 14) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1998.02 | [Beatrice Sforza] The surname Sforza is one of those names such as Hohenstaufen which are so closely associated with a single sovereign royal family as to be presumptuous in their use. Indeed, in times past it was one of those that were used as an exemplar for that category of restricted names. (The name of the dynasty was derived from the nickname of its founder and in period was associated closely with the immediate family of the sovereign Dukes of Milan.) The use of the Sforza surname is tantamount to a claim to being from the immediate family of the sovereign Dukes of Milan and is not allowed under RFS VI.1 (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1998, p. 15) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.09 | Italian does not form unmarked patronymics. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR September 1997, p. 1) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.07 | The surname Sforza is one of those names such as Hohenstaufen which are so closely associated with a single sovereign royal family as to be presumptuous in their use. Indeed, in times past it was one of those that were used as an exemplar for that category of restricted names. (The name of the dynasty was derived from the nickname of its founder and in period was associated closely with the immediate family of the sovereign Dukes of Milan.) The use of the Sforza surname is tantamount to a claim to being from the immediate family of the sovereign Dukes of Milan and is not allowed under RFS VI.1. (Elizabetta Sforza, 7/97 p. 15) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.04 | Benevento is a place name, and therefore in Italian takes "da" the standard Italian locative preposition, not "de". (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1997, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.04 | While a French/Italian name is registerable, no documentation was presented to show that Chiara was a given name used by humans in our period, nor could anyone in the College provide any. Without such documentation, we have no choice, but to return the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR April 1997, p. 25) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.02 | In Italian the standard locative preposition is da. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR February 1997, p. 16) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.01 | Submitted as Arabella di Siena we have changed the di to da. The normal Italian locative preposition is da; di, at least in standard Italian, indicates a patronymic. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1997, p. 3) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1997.01 | Submitted as Katrinn Maddalena Damiani de Ferrara, no evidence was presented to support the combination of an Old Norse and Italian names in the same name. We have substituted the Italian form of Katrinn and replaced the French "of" with the proper Italian form. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR January 1997, p. 10) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.11 | Please instruct the submitter that the Spanish for John is Juan. Giovanni is Italian, not Spanish. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR November 1996, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.10 | Submitted as Biànca Isòtta Viscari, we have dropped the accents which are used in the source documents as length markers, and are not used, with a few exceptions, in period. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR October 1996, p. 1) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.07 | [registering Francesca d'Angelo le Noir] The name would be better as all Italian Francesca d'Angelo Nero, or all French Françoise Angel(ot) le Noir, however a French/Italian name [is] registerable. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1996, p. 6) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.07 | Information has been provided showing Cellini to have been used as a man's given name in period. Therefore, di Cellini becomes an acceptable patronymic form. (Giovanni di Cellini, 7/96 p.2) |
| Jaelle of Armida | 1996.07 | Submitted as Linette Marie Genevieve Armellini de Addabbo, this violated our ban on five element names. We have therefore dropped one of the elements in order to register the name. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR July 1996, p. 6) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.06 | [Matteo Alessandro Ulisse Rugieri] We agree with the commenters who found the use of three given names unlikely even in Italian. However, this is just one step beyond documented practice, so the name is registerable. (Five-element Italian names have been banned since the 9/92 return of Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento (Ansteorra).) (Talan Gwynek, LoAR June 1996, p. 3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.06 | The English locative is very unlikely with an otherwise Italian name. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR June 1996, p. 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.05 | [Claudia Lisabetta Senatori da Firenze] Some commenters wondered whether the combination Senatori da Firenze was presumptuous, taking it to be 'senator of Florence'. However, senatori is the plural of senatore 'senator', and a reasonably exact translation of the phrase senatori da Firenze appears to be 'senators from Florence', which is clearly not a byname claiming rank. The name admits only one interpretation: Senatori is the hereditary surname of a lady from Florence. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR May 1996, p. 15) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.05 | Following normal Italian usage, we have substituted the locative preposition da for the patronymic di. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR May 1996, p. 3) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.04 | The combination of Italian given name and English surname is odd, though not so odd as to preclude registration. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR April 1996, p. 14) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1996.02 | In period Arianna is Italian, so the locative, which was submitted as of the Windy Isles, is best interpreted as a translation, permitted under the lingua anglica allowance. The extent of this allowance was discussed in detail in the 12/95 return of Ananda the Fiery (Middle); according to the precedent there cited, it covers translations of 'documented period epithets', provided that the translation has been chosen to minimize any intrusive modernity. Actual practice has been somewhat looser: not only has the College allowed non-intrusive translations of epithets thought to be compatible with the naming practices of the source language, but it has even allowed fairly generic English epithets without requiring a demonstration that they were plausible translations of period epithets from the language of the rest of the name. This latter practice can easily result in names that have very little to do with period practice in any language. Consequently, we have no qualms about requiring in such cases -- of which this is one - that the epithet be put into a period English form. (Arianna othe Windisle, 2/96 p. 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.12 | The byname was submitted as di Venezia, with the preposition used in patronymics; we have substituted the locative preposition da. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR December 1995, p. 7) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.12 | The given name was submitted as Caroline, which does not appear to be a period name (see for example the 4/95 return of Karolyne Wanderer (Caid)). However, De Felice notes Carola as a mediæval form, and Harpy provided period Venetian examples of diminutives in -ina from independent given names (e.g., Pasqualina); this is enough support to justify Carolina as a possible period Italian given name. The name could be made entirely Italian as Carolina da Milano. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR December 1995, p. 5) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1995.12 | This was submitted as Caterina Verdeschi on the LoI, the de' having been dropped at kingdom for lack of documentation. However, it appears that Verdeschi is interpretable as a plural or collective surname; de' Verdeschi `of the [family] Verdeschi' is then analogous to de' Medici. We have therefore restored the submitter's original form. (Caterina de'Verdeschi, 12/95 p. 12) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.11 | Though the LoI noted some discomfort with the use of a double surname, the byname here actually follows a period Italian practice: di {father's given name}{father's surname}. Guendalina Francesca di Antonio Cristiano, 11/94 p. 4) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.10 | The accent on the byname is part of the pronunciation guide of de Felice, not a part of the name. De' is a contraction of dei, a contraction of di + i, "of the [masculine plural], while coniglio is singular. (Da'ud ibn Auda, LoAR October 1994, p. 1) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 2nd year) | 1994.09 | [changing the byname Capulet] Shakespeare's use of Capulet is insufficient to establish it as an actual name. The available Italian sources suggest that Capulet is probably a distortion of Cap(p)elletti (and that Montague is similarly a distortion of Montecchi). We have substituted...Capelet, an occupational byname for maker of chaplets (small hats; chaplets, garlands). (Cecelya Capelet, 9/94 p. 2) |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.05 | [Registering Evita Maria da Lombardia.] Submitted as Evita Matia di Lombardia, the ... Italian preposition used with places is "da" ("di" is used to form patronymics). [5/94, p.3] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.04c | The discussion of the names of Lucia Visconti and Arianna Maria di Marchesi, reviewed in the April Laurel meeting, sparked quite a bit of commentary, particularly as regards the strictures of Rules for Submission VI.1. ... While both surnames Marchesi and Visconti are derived, in a more or less roundabout fashion, from the Italian equivalents of Marquess and Viscount, they were also clearly documented as surnames used by non-nobles. As a consequence, the applicable part of RfS VI.1. would be "Names documented to have been used in period may be used, even if they were derived from titles, provided there is no suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank. For example, 'Regina the Laundress' is acceptable but 'Regina of Germany' is not." In the cases here, both names have been documented to have been used in period, and neither is used in such a way as to suggest either a territorial claim or an assertion of rank. That being so, both names have been registered. [4/94c, p.2] |
| Da'ud ibn Auda (2nd tenure, 1st year) | 1994.03 | [Registering Giacomo da Firenze.] Submitted as Giacomo Cavalliere da Firenze, caval[l]iere is the approved alternate title for "knight" in Italian. (Indeed, the submitter's own documentation notes it as meaning "knight".) As such, it should not be used in such a way that it may be mistaken as a title. Unfortunately, "knight of Florence" is just such an example. We have dropped the problematic element in order to register the name. [3/94, p.10] |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.10 | Swedish-Italian interaction is documented in the Saga of Harald the Ruthless, the story of a Viking's expedition to Sicily: "Actually, King Harald the Ruthless didn't do so well in southern Italy because he met up with compatriots, tribal brothers. Normans from Normandy had moved down there ...even threatening Byzantine properties." ( The Norsemen by Count Eric Oxenstierna, p. 279). Swedes, of course, formed the original Verangian guard in Byzantium, and from there they sailed the Mediterranean. The Italian historian Liudprand (ca. 922-972) wrote in Byzantium, "There is a race living in the north whom the Greeks, because of a peculiarity [he is referring to their red-blond coloring] call Rusii, whereas we call them Normans, according to the location of their homeland. " (quotes in original text, ibid., p. 107). An Italian-Scandinavian name would therefore be acceptable. (Sylvia Stjarnstirrare, October, 1993, pg. 10) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.10 | There was some question of Gaelic-Italian interaction in period, but note that St. Columbanus of Ireland (b. Leinster, 543 AD) founded his last monastery in Bobbio, in the foothills of the Apennine mountains of Italy, bringing Christianity to the heathens living there. (Gabriella Allegra Palumbo O'Loingsigh, October, 1993, pg. 19) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.09 | [Allesandra] According to Lord Palimpsest, Italian pronunciation of double-consonants differs significantly from single consonants; this therefore doesn't seem to be a reasonable variant of the documented Alessandra. (Alessandra Beatrice Desiderio, September, 1993, pg. 1) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1993.09 | While we have evidence of Arabic/Italian interaction in period, Persian/Italian interaction has yet to be demonstrated. (Beatrice Carmela Mercante, September, 1993, pg. 6) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | [Arianna Gunnarsdottir] The Italian given name does not seem compatible with the Old Norse patronymic. Per Rule III.2, we need evidence of period Old Norse/Italian interaction before we can register this name. (Arianna Gunnarsdottir, September, 1992, pg. 43) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.09 | The submitter documented the last three bynames as Italian nouns ("Mark John Dragon White Wind"), which doesn't appear to be a valid style for Italian names. Even with evidence that Drago, Bianco and Vento are surnames, the use of five name elements is excessive. The longest Italian name documented in the commentary was a 16th Century name with four elements (Giovan Francesco Palladio della Olivi, cited by Lady Ensign). Pending evidence that five-element names are acceptable, I must return this [see aslo the January 1993 LoAR, pg. 23] (Marco Giovanni Drago Bianco Vento, September, 1992, pg. 41) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.08 | The documentation for Delarosa was from Elsdon Smith's New Dictionary of American Family Names, a most untrustworthy source. Delarosa appears to be the Americanized form of the surname; the original Italian would be Della Rosa. The preposition was almost universally separated from the rest of the byname, according to Fucilla. [Name returned since submittor forbade grammatical changes] (Diana Delarosa di Pergola, August, 1992, pg. 23) |
| Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme | 1992.06 | The byname was submitted as di Rucellai, implying either a patronymic or a toponymic. Rucellai being documented only as a surname, the preposition was inappropriate, and was deleted. (Gabriella Marguerite Simonetti Rucellai, June, 1992, pg. 1) |
| Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane | 1988.08 | [de Borgia] The use of the surname Borgia [is] "presumptuous". (LoAR Aug 88, p. 16) |
| Baldwin of Erebor | 1984.09.28 | Luigino is a diminutive form of Luigi, and does not appear to have been used as a given name in its own right. Our policy in such cases is to register the "formal" form of the name. His friends may, of course, continue to call him Luigino. [BoE, 28 Sept 84, p.1] |